Resolution Booklet | 18th National Session of EYP Ireland

Resolution Booklet Sunday 8th March 2015

PROGRAMME FOR THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

PROCEDURE FOR THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

General rules The wish to speak is indicated by raising the committee placard.

The authority of the board is absolute.

Procedure of the General Assembly – Presenting of the Motion for the Resolution by the board – Reading of the Operative Clauses – Defence Speech ( One 3 minute speech) – Attack Speech (Two 2 minute speeches) – General Debate – Summation Speech (3 minute speech) – Voting Procedure – Announcing the Votes

Point of Personal Privilege These are requests for a delegate to repeat a point that was inaudible. Failure to understand the language being spoken does not make for a Point of Personal Privilege.

Point of Order These can be raised by the chairperson if a delegate feels the Board have not properly followed Parliamentary procedure. Ultimately, the authority of the Board is absolute.

Direct Response Once per debate, each committee may use the “Direct Response” sign. Should a committee raise the committee placard and the “Direct Response” sign, the Board recognises them immediately. The “Direct Response” sign is used to contribute to the point made directly beforehand.

MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS On the question of as Turkey announces a new EU accession strategy, designed to speed up its stalled attempts to join the union, in the midst of allegations of corruption in the highest levels of government and the silencing of opposition and the press, what kind of relations should the EU seek to build with the candidate country?

Submitted by:

Daniel Broghan (St David’s, Wicklow), Daniel N. Burke (Heywood Community School), Mark Caffrey (Ratoath College), Daire Dempsey (East Glendalough School), Claire Diffley (Mount Sackville), Olivia Dowing (Loretto Bray Secondary School), Reidin Doyle (St. Angela’s College), Carla Hanafin (Mercy Mounthawk Secondary School), Michael Kenny (CBS Tralee), Niall Mcmanus (St. Macartan’s College), Eva O’ Hara (Loreto Secondary School), Jenny O Keeffe (St Aloysius College Carrigtwohill), Matthew Somers (Colaiste Eanna), Peter Barlow (Chairperson, IE), Nora Wilhelm (Vice-­‐‑President, CH)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Bearing in mind Turkey’s continued candidacy status since 2005 and the controversy regarding its potential accession, B. Emphasising the role of Turkey as a key geopolitical ally of the EU in the Middle East, C. Reaffirming the necessity for strong external borders of the EU to: i) prevent illegal immigration, ii) hinder the flux of EU citizens seeking to join the ranks of the self-­‐‑proclaimed ISIS and other terrorist organisations, D. Emphasising the threat posed to the security and welfare of the EU by weak border controls along the East of Turkey,

E. Realising the potential benefit that would accrue from the further integration of the EU and Turkish economies, F. Convinced of the need for the reform and expansion of the customs union with Turkey, G. Affirming Turkey’s strategic position in the diversification of the EU’s energy mix, H. Viewing with appreciation the socio-­‐‑economic reforms undertaken thus far by Turkey in efforts to comply with EU accession criteria, I. Recognising that a proportion of EU citizens believe that Turkey will prove culturally incompatible with the EU, J. Fully aware that Turkey has a history of: i) human rights abuses, ii) gender based discrimination iii) use of the death penalty, K. Conscious that article 3011 of the Turkish Penal Code is in direct opposition to freedom of speech and therefore incompatible with article eleven2 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, L. Deeply conscious of the fact that corruption within the country hinders the development of the relationship between Turkey and the EU, M. Noting that there are high levels of misconduct in the police force including abuse of power and police brutality, N. Deeply concerned that Turkey to this day has not taken responsibility or issued a formal apology for the Armenian genocide, O. Noting with concern the territorial dispute between Turkey and Cyprus;

1. Has resolved to pursue a closer partnership with Turkey with the eventual goal of Turkish accession to the EU provided that they conform to EU accession criteria;

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Turkish legislation which prohibits criticism of the Turkish state.

This article declares the fundamental right to free speech of all European citizens.

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2. Seeks further border security between Turkey and its Eastern neighbours, through: a) the speedy implementation of biometric passports3 as a requirement for border crossings, b) further cooperation between the EU and Turkey regarding border security; 3. Emphasises the need for reform and expansion of the customs union with Turkey to include coal, steel and agriculture; 4. Recommends increased cooperation and integration in matters of energy policy; 5. Authorises financial assistance for the socio-­‐‑economic reforms initiated by the Turkish government to address widespread poverty within Turkey; 6. Welcomes the integration of Turkey’s unique culture to improve intercultural understanding and acceptance within the EU; 7. Condemns all past and present human rights abuses; 8. Requests Turkey to reform its human rights practices as a prerequisite of full membership of the EU; 9. Reinforces that freedom of speech is a central tenet of the EU; 10. Reaffirms the EU’s decision to insist upon the abolition of Article 301 and any other legislation incompatible with EU law and standards; 11. Encourages the Turkish government to implement a widespread reform of the police sector to allow for a) appropriate police enforcement of law and order , b) police adherence to the law; 12. Requests third party audits, by a relevant organisation, of Turkish government corruption as a prerequisite to accession; 13. Calls upon the Turkish government to recognise the Armenian genocide and to issue an official apology;

A combined paper and electronic passport which can be used to authenticate the identity of an individual.

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14. Approves the mediation of the Turkey-­‐‑Cypriot crisis by an independent arbitrator using a revised version of the Annan plan4 as a basis for the solution.

A plan overseen by the UN implemented to resolve the dispute over Cyprus.

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M OTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY T HE C OMMITTEE ON A GRICULTURE & R URAL A FFAIRS In response to increasing challenges to global food security; how can industry, Member States and the European institutions work together to achieve a sustainable intensification of European agriculture?

Submitted by:

Beth Carolan (Loreto Cavan), Alan Cloughlin (CBS Tralee), Hugh Farrell (Clongowes Wood College), Joe Finucane (Marist College), Lucy Fitzgerald (Bandon Grammar), Eimear Murphy (Loreto College), Ruth O’Connell (Mercy Mounthawke, Tralee), Laoise Ryan (Loreto Secondary School, Ferrmoy), Ruth Tobin (Davitt College), Liam Wallace (St.Kieran’s College), Fabian Winkelmen (Collège Sainte-­‐‑ Croix), Caley Routledge (Chairperson, UK), Meadhbh Costello (Vice-­‐‑President, IE),

The European Youth Parliament, A. Fully aware that sustainable intensification1 has yet to be recognised as a goal of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), B. Conscious that organic farming is the only method of sustainable intensification that has been promoted by the CAP, despite the existence of various others, C. Regretting the lack of a consistent set of indicators which may be used to measure the sustainability of the agricultural industry, D. Realising that recent environmental reforms to the Direct Payment System2 in CAP have been ineffective due to:

The production of more food, from the same area of land whilst reducing the environmental impact of agricultural production 1

i)

lack of assistance for farmers, specifically smaller land holders, in implementation of the reforms,

ii) the cost of introducing the green changes outlined by the CAP, iii) the potential for decrease in agricultural output, E. Deeply concerned by current agricultural practices that result in over-­‐‑ grazing and decreases in soil fertility, F. Noting with deep concern that current agricultural practises in developing countries are environmentally unsustainable and hinder the intensification of production, G. Believing that the monitoring, enforcement, evaluation of and ability to show adherence to CAP requirements has been limited, H. Noting that poor irrigation systems have led to water wastage in agricultural sectors, I. Concerned by increasing competition for land from urbanisation and the production of renewable resources, J. Alarmed by the fact that industry pressure on farmers to produce cheaper goods is forcing the use of environmentally harmful practices, K. Having noted that performance data collected by the Farm Accountancy Data Network3 (FADN) is used solely for analysing the economic performance of farms, L. Deeply alarmed by the fact that 33% of food produced is unnecessarily wasted;

1. Urges the recognition of sustainable intensification as a goal of the CAP; 2. Calls for the promotion of bio-­‐‑dynamic4, integrated5, hydroponic6, Genetic Modification7, precision8 and agro-­‐‑ecological9 farming methods within the CAP;

Direct payments ensure a safety net for farmers in the form of a basic income support, stabilising their income and remunerating them for the production of public goods. 30% of the potential funding is currently subject to meeting certain environmental criteria.

3 An organisation dedicated to surveying and analysis of farms. Current information gathered is used to inform farmers on how to make more profit.

4 A holistic understanding of agricultural processes.

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3. Encourages the recognition of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)10 as the official EU Agro-­‐‑Environmental authority; 4. Emphasises the need for improved communication links between farmers, union representatives and EU institutions; 5. Recommends increasing pillar one11 funding so that farmers receive more support for the implementation of greening; 6. Further recommends the inclusion of the following criteria within the existing Direct Payments Framework of the CAP: a) the use of renewable resources within farming practices, b) the substitution of pesticides with environmentally friendly alternatives; 7. Supports the expansion of sustainable intensification practices in developing countries through the: a) provision of financial support from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) for the replication of the Kenyan Agricultural Commodity Exchange across other African nations, b) creation of sustainable intensification training programmes, provided through these exchanges; 8. Calls for the introduction of stringent spot checks by National Agricultural Boards to ensure compliance to CAP and IRENA targets; 9. Encourages the provision of grants to allow for the updating of irrigation systems alongside the promotion of various water saving practices;

Integrated Farming is a whole farm management system, which enables the farmers to identify opportunities and threats and act accordingly 6 Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil.

7 Genetically modified foods (or GM foods) are foods produced from organisms that have had specific changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.

8 Precision agriculture (PA) can be defined as a set of technologies that have helped propel agriculture into the computerized information-­‐‑based world, and is designed to help farmers get greater control over the management of farm operations.

9 Agroecology is the study of ecological processes that operate in agricultural production systems.

10 Agricultural Environmental indicators that are used to monitor the links between agricultural practices and their effects on the environment.

11 CAP Direct Payments are based on two pillars. Pillar one delivers a grant, based in part upon keeping the land in good environmental and agricultural condition and they must conform to food safety and animal welfare standards.

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10. Approves the conservation of land for both agricultural production and natural habitat preservation; 11. Further requests the acceleration of research into second generation12 bio-­‐‑ fuels that would compete less for land that would otherwise be suitable for the production of food; 12. Urges the European Innovation Partnership13 on Agricultural Sustainability and Productivity (EIP-­‐‑AGRI) to conduct an annual report that considers the profits of farmers, wholesalers, producers and supermarkets, relative to one another, so that a fair balance might be observed; 13. Expresses its hope that the information obtained by the FADN be used to offer tailored sustainable intensification suggestions to individual farms; 14. Recommends mandatory food waste distribution schemes be installed in supermarkets and farms that ensure that waste is repurposed and recycled into areas such as agri-­‐‑practices, renewable energy production and charity.

Bio-­‐‑fuels that use waste organic matter to produce energy as opposed to matter grown specifically for the process.

13 A think tank that brings together agricultural sector stakeholders in both the public and private sectors to promote the sharing of knowledge 12

M OTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY T HE C OMMITTEE ON C LIMATE C HANGE As the European Council agrees a binding target of 40% less greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, and with the Energy Roadmap 2050 committing the European Union (EU) to a reduction of 80-­‐‑95% by 2050, what measures should the EU take to ensure energy security while simultaneously striving to meet its environmental commitments?

Submitted by:

Gavin Dowd (St.Gerard’s Secondary School, Bray), Breen Elliott (Marist College, Athlone), Áine Fellenz (St.Killian’s Deutsche Schule, Clonskeadh), Eva Glynn (Loreto College, Foxrock), Daire Horgan (Christian Brother’s College, Cork), Daniel Keighley (Davitt College, Castlebar), Conor Lehane (Coláiste Éanna, Rathfarnham), Cora McCann (Loreto College, Cavan), Allsún McCarthy (Loreto High School Beaufort, Rathfarnham), Megan Ní Mhathúna (Scoil Chaitríona, Glasnevin), Ultan O'ʹRourke (Saint Macarton’s College, Monaghan), Meara Thompson (Christ King Girls Secondary School, Cork), Cathal Whelan (Kinsale Community School, Cork), James Bradfield (Chairperson, IE)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Noting that the EU aims to achieve both the 2030 and 2050 goals while also ensuring energy security, B. Further noting the need to diversify the sources of energy in the EU, C. Commending the work of the European Commission (EC) in the proposal of the European Energy Union and its aims to: i)

increase political and economic solidarity in the energy market,

ii) increase cooperation between Member States in regards to renewable energy production methods, iii) increase cross-­‐‑border communication between Member States,

D. Conscious of the lack of short-­‐‑term goals for Member States to aspire to in regards to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions between now and 2030, E. Realising the need for the EU to reflect on the 2030 targets after their completion, F. Deeply concerned by the lack of knowledge and awareness among EU citizens regarding the real effects of climate change and global warming, G. Recognising the risks associated with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)1 while appreciating it’s role in combatting global warming, H. Aware that 14-­‐‑15% of the EU’s energy is generated from nuclear fission and concerned by its harmful effects on the environment, I. Bearing in mind the absence of incentives for business to utilise renewable energies, J. Taking into consideration the deficiencies in the Emission Trading System (ETS) as the current model is not supportive of GHG emission reduction due to the oversupply of credits;

1. Authorises the establishment of the Energy Supplier Selection Programme (ESSP) which will provide grants to renewable energy suppliers to facilitate their participation in the energy market; 2. Recommends that each Member State implements the most applicable renewable energy production method based on its climatic and geographical features, for example hydrothermal power in Italy and solar power in Spain; 3. Proposes that Member States set themselves annual goals between now and 2030 to effectively reach the 40% reduction target; 4. Calls for an EC report to be published upon the conclusion of the 2030 goals to: a) review successful initiatives and innovative approaches, b) evaluate the feasibility of the 2050 goals; 5. Commits to raising awareness about the severity of the issues facing the planet through a pan-­‐‑EU mass media campaign;

1 The storage of carbon dioxide from an industrial process (e.g. from burning fuel in a power plant) so that it does not enter the atmosphere and contribute to the global warming.

6. Urges schools and third level institutes to avail of EU funding to further educate young people on the problems caused by climate change; 7. Reaffirms the need for the establishment of the EU Energy Advice Bureau (EUEAB) to inform and educate citizens about energy conservation; 8. Supports the use of CCS as an aid in the transition from the use of fossil fuels to renewable energies; 9. Encourages Members States experienced in implementing successful renewable energy schemes to cooperate with other Member States in the introduction of similar schemes; 10. Promotes the building of new liquid flouride thorium reactors2 in MS as an alternative to nuclear fission; 11. Approves the foundation of an award to be given to towns/cities which reach a fixed level of renewable energy consumption; 12. Endorses tax incentives for suppliers that produce green energy or which source energy from renewable resources; 13. Calls for the ETS to be reformed so that companies only sell a set percentage of their left over quota with the remaining credits being sold back to the EC.

LFTRs use the thorium fuel cycle with a fluoride-­‐‑based, molten, liquid salt for fuel.

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M OTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY T HE C OMMITTEE ON D EVELOPMENT After the partial success of the United Nation’s (UN) Millennium Development Goals and with UN ember States about to commence negotiations on the post-­‐‑2015 Development Agenda, which global development goals should the European Union (EU) emphasise from now until 2030 to ensure a feasible global development policy?

Submitted by:

Rachel Coomey (Christ King Secondary School), Anna Golden (Salerno Secondary School), Chloe Hanrahan (Mount Sackville), Ciarán Healy (Cloáiste Éanna C.B.S), Elaine Joy (The Institute of Education), Gavin Kelly (St. Patrick’s College), Eva Kelly (Our Lady’s Bower Athlone), Katherine Landy (The High School Dublin), Caolán McCarthy (Coláiste Muire), Patrick O’Connor (St. Colmcilles Secondary School), Emma O’Reilly (Loretto College Cavan), Grace Preston (Mount Sackville), Osama Shammary (Coláiste an Spioraid Naoimh), Ellen O'ʹDoherty (Chairperson, IE), Waltter Roslin (Chairperson, FI)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Taking into account the domino effect that can ensue when an initial development issue has been solved, B. Regretting the minimal success of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), C. Bearing in mind the negative impact that a lack of basic infrastructure has on the sustainable development of developing countries, D. Stressing the lack of basic infrastructure and utilities (such as clean water, basic sanitation and electricity) in developing countries which results in the hindering of sustainable development,

1 E. Deeply concerned that one in nine of the world’s population suffer from starvation, F. Aware of the fact that 384 million people remain below the UN set poverty line of $1.25 daily pay2, G. Alarmed that there are 2.1 million new cases of HIV recorded each year, H. Noting the absence of adequate immunisation of preventable diseases, resulting in the rapid and unnecessary spread of these diseases, I. Acknowledging the reductions in the infant mortality rate while observing the essential need for further reductions, J. Supporting the significant improvement in the standard of primary education in developing countries, K. Confident that improvements in post primary education can contribute significantly to the continued and sustainable development of affected countries, L. Affirming the need for equal opportunities in education and employment for both men and women in the developing world, M. Taking into account the negative effect of climate change globally resulting in the delayed establishment of sustainable development, N. Regretting both the unsatisfactory level of communication and cooperation between the EU and Non-­‐‑Governmental Organisations (NGOs) as well as the lack of representation for NGOs at a supranational level, O. Further noting that the pooling of resources leads to the more efficient distribution of funds for development, P. Emphasising that all EU Member States have pledged to give 0.7% of their GDP in aid to developing countries3 yet only one Member State has met this target;

Hunger Statistics “http://www.wfp.org/hunger/stats” World Food Programme Millenium Development Goals and Beyond, “http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/poverty.shtml”, The United Nations 3 Millenium Project “http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/press/07.htm”, The United Nations 1 2

1. Encourages the improvement of co-­‐‑operation and information sharing between NGOs and the EU; 2. Resolves to establish an EU wide organisation called the EU Development Fund composed of delegates from the Member States that will: a) manage the mandatory contribution of 0.7% GDP and distribute it to development programmes, b) monitor the economic situation of each Member State in order to assess the validity of a state’s inability to contribute the required 0.7% of GDP; 3. Supports the establishment of community workers’ co-­‐‑operatives in developing regions in order to alleviate both hunger and poverty simultaneously; 4. Taking note that the individual needs of developing countries must be monitored and assessed through means testing in order to adequately provide the correct infrastructural facilities; 5. Calls for the improvement of basic standards of infrastructure in developing countries in particular running water, effective universal sewage systems and an expanded electrical grid; 6. Recommends the prioritisation of infrastructure that aids in transporting and storing vaccines; 7. Promotes the availability of European experts to advise in matters of infrastructural enhancement in developing countries; 8. Encourages the incentivising of non-­‐‑discriminatory employment schemes, good workers’ rights and the expansion of markets through trade agreements with developing countries; 9. Urges an increase in funding for the immunisation of children to decrease the incidence of easily preventable diseases by 2030; 10. Supports the training of local health care workers such as midwives to reduce infant and maternal deaths and to encourage self-­‐‑sufficient health care in developing regions; 11. Endorses the expansion of current programmes encouraging education with the aim of emphasising post-­‐‑primary education; 12. Requests the improvement of primary school attendance in developing countries while also ensuring that the standard of education remains constant;

13. Invites the creation of teacher training exchange programmes between the EU and developing countries to encourage the exchange of ideas on teaching methods from voluntary European experts in education to facilitate efficient teaching practices; 14. Further resolves to increase funding towards programmes that offer alternative forms of education4; 15. Emphasises the need for the empowerment of women through business opportunities and accessibility to financial aid from the EU in collaboration with the specialised female empowerment approach of NGOs such as the ‘Oxfam heroes’ campaign; 16. Seeks to achieve equal opportunities for both men and women in education in the developing world; 17. Proclaims to only employ sustainable and environmentally sound methods in all aspects of the provision of aid.

Such as sexual health, basic healthcare, effective farming methods, general first aid, prenatal care, etc.

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M OTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY T HE C OMMITTEE ON E CONOMIC AND M ONETARY A FFAIRS With the European Commission (EC) tabling an enabling policy for a circular economy in the European Union (EU), how can both the EU and its Member States better manage existing resources and realign the production process through the use of existing infrastucture and enabling technologies to ensure industrial sustainability?

Submitted by:

Laoise Bennis (Hazelwood College), Kevin Boland (St Declan’s College, Cabra), Matthew Brady (St Patrick’s College, Cavan), Kirsty Byrne Condon (Notre Dame Secondary School), Shóna Fitzsimons (Malahide Community School), David Fox (Christian Brothers College, Cork), Conor Galvin (Clongowes Wood College), Ross Gorey (Coláiste Iognáid), Hugh Jordan (St Colmcilles Community School), Sonia Leahy (Magh Ené College), John Oxley (Heywood Community School), Luis Wyss (Kollegium Heilig Kreuz/Collège Ste. Croix), Katrina Yoder (Rosemont School), Caoimhe Healy (Chairperson, IE), Morgan McDonagh (Chairperson, IE)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Recognising the long term benefits of implementing a circular economy1 in Europe, B. Expressing its satisfaction with existing directives such as Horizon 20202,

Circular economy: An industrial, restorative economy with zero waste of materials due to a focus on renewable, reusable and biodegradable products. The term encompasses two types of continuously circulating nutrients; biological and technical.

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2 2

Horizon 2020 is the eighth phase of the Framework Programmes for Research and Horizon 2020 is the eighth phase of the Framework Programmes for Research and

Technological Development. These programmes encompass funding opportunities created by the European Union in order to support and encourage research in the European Research Area.

C. Acknowledging with deep concern that a circular economy is not a priority for many Member States at this stage, D. Alarmed by the current over-­‐‑dependence on finite resources amongst European citizens, E. Noting with regret there is a lack of awareness among EU citizens around issues such as recycling and waste management, F. Alarmed by the lack of third level courses related to the ideas of the circular economy, G. Affirming that implementing the concept of a ‘shared economy’ would be beneficial to the industrial sustainability of Europe in the long term, H. Taking into account that there may be an initial decline in economic growth following the implementation of the circular economy, I. Aware that waste needs to be managed more effectively at all levels of society, J. Deeply alarmed by the environmental impacts resulting from the misuse of waste;

1. Recommends the establishment of a Europe wide forum to exchange knowledge about the circular economy; 2. Calls for the implementation of green growth policies such as carbon taxation; 3. Requests the creation of a pan-­‐‑EU media campaign to raise awareness of dedicated recycling days through the use of advertising and sponsored videos; 4. Encourages Member States to introduce education courses at first and second level to increase awareness of the circular economy; 5. Urges the Directorate-­‐‑General (DG) for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME’s) (GROW) to: a) allocate grants to third level institutions and students that promote the circular economy in their modules, b) develop relationships between universities and suitable firms which work towards the circular economy,

c)

promote research in key aspects of the circular economy, such as regenerative design;

6. Endorses return schemes, such as the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive)3; 7. Emphasises that short term economic hardship will be overcome by: a) re-­‐‑skilling and up-­‐‑skilling workers, b) encouraging private investment in new initiatives which support the circular economy; 8. Seeks the introduction of a certification system to classify businesses who effectively manage their waste; 9. Suggests that the EC introduce a rating scale for products which are produced in a circular manner which would indicate the long term sustainability of the production process; 10. Calls for the improvement of, and accessibility to, recycling infrastructure for SME’s and consumers alike; 11. Supports the establishment of a system where a company’s waste is collected and its by-­‐‑products can be used for energy production; 12. Calls for improved waste management practices, with strong emphasis on high-­‐‑level waste regeneration4; 13. Recommends Member States increase the severity, and enforcement of, penalties on negligent landfills and illegal dumping; 14. Seeks the implementation of incentives to encourage landowners to repurpose unproductive land for the creation of renewable energy, such as the construction of wind farms, where appropriate.

The WEEE Directive (Directive 2002/96/EC) provides for the creation of collection schemes where consumers return their WEEE free of charge. These schemes aim to increase the recycling of WEEE and/or its re-­‐‑use.

4 In high-­‐‑level waste regeneration, technical materials—polymers, alloys and other man-­‐‑made materials are designed to be used again with minimal energy and highest quality retention, whereas recycling as commonly understood results in a reduction in quality and feeds back into the process as a crude feedstock.

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M OTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY T HE C OMMITTEE ON W OMEN ’ S R IGHTS & G ENDER E QUALITY A recent European Commission (EC) press release stated that “women still work on average 59 days ‘for free’ every year compared to their male counterparts.” In the light of such research, what needs to be done to address the European gender pay gap?

Submitted by:

Claudio Affolter (College Sainte Croix, CH), Killian Beashel (St. Gerard’s School), Ellen Corr (Dominican College Griffth Avenue), Roisin Cronin (Christ King Secondary School), Orlaith Cullen (Mountrath Community School), Eoghan Hillson (Colaiste Iognaid), Anna McAleer (Scoil Chaitríona), Megan McIntyre (Loreto College Cavan) , James McKenna (St. Macartans College), Conall Molloy (Scoil Chaitríona), Debra Daly (St.Angela’s College), Cathal O’ Donovan (Christians Brothers College Cork), Kate O’Regan (Mercy Heights Secondary School), Patrick Lavelle (Chairperson, IE)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Emphasising that equal pay for equal work was one of the founding principles of the European Union (EU)1, B. Observing that despite its illegality, direct gender discrimination against women with regards to pay is still a feature of the modern workplace, C. Deeply regretting the continued existence of allocative discrimination2 in the workplace, D. Noting with regret that women comprise only 17.8% of board members and 2.8% of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) in the EU,

1 The principle has been embedded in the EU’s treaties since 1957 and is currently enshrined in Article 157 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

2 Allocative discrimination refers to the process whereby men and women are assigned to differently paid jobs and roles due to gendered attitudes prevalent in society.

E. Fully aware of the disparity between informal mentorship given to men and women with regards to career advancement, F. Bearing in mind that women are often pushed away from professions which are considered stereotypically masculine from an early age, G. Having considered that women tend to be concentrated in lower skilled and lower paid jobs to a greater extent than men, H. Alarmed by the fact that the lower earnings of women due to the gender pay gap culminates in smaller pension allocations which leaves women in the EU with a 21.7% risk of poverty over 65 years of age compared to 16.7% for men, I. Deeply conscious that women are expected to be the primary care-­‐‑giver3, worsening their work-­‐‑life conflict4 compared to that of men, damaging their wage earning potential, J. Keeping in mind that such norms lead many women to switch from full-­‐‑ time to part-­‐‑time work after having children, contributing to the pay gap, K. Recognising that employers often discriminate against women because they may wish to take maternity leave in the future, L. Taking into consideration that most EU parental leave schemes are targeted at women, driving men back into the workforce and pushing women towards a domestic life, M. Guided by the Swedish paid parental leave system and childcare subsidisation schemes, which have been effective in reducing the imbalance between domestic and work commitments, N. Aware of the high costs of childcare in some Member States which makes it inaccessible to some families and drives some women towards a domestic life;

The primary care-­‐‑giver in a parental context is the parent who takes primary responsibility for the raising of children and domestic tasks 4 Meeting demands in one domain (the workplace) makes it difficult to meet demands in another (the family) and vice versa.

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1. Calls for the establishment of an EU wide system which requires employers to carry out an equal pay report every three years to be submitted to the relevant national authority in order to detect and prevent unjustified differences in pay between the two genders; 2. Further recommends that employers with unsatisfactory results under the aforementioned system be obliged to draw up an equal pay action plan; 3. Invites Member States to promote workplace surveys regarding the gender distribution of work roles to identify cases of allocative discrimination under which: a) companies that perform well are officially certified as equal pay establishments, b) companies that perform well for 3 surveys in a row receive an extension of 2 years until they have to do their next survey; 4. Authorises the EC to create tri-­‐‑annual individualised objectives for each Member State on the reduction of the gender pay gap; 5. Encourages the EC to launch a multi-­‐‑media advertisement campaign to educate and inform citizens about women’s rights and their importance in the workforce; 6. Calls upon the EU to design a grant supported mentorship scheme available to businesses in all Member States where senior employees are assigned as informal mentors to new employees; 7. Requests the creation of an EU funded seminar programme for employers, organised by national equality bodies, which would focus on the importance of women in the workplace and the gender pay gap; 8. Designates the creation of an annual European Equal Pay Day consisting of events to raise awareness of the gender pay gap and public meetings involving government representatives; 9. Urges Member States to ensure a gender neutral portrayal of career options from early childhood education through to third level education; 10. Requests Member States to implement paid parental leave systems that: a) Offers each parent an equal period of parental leave, b) Offers an additional period on top that can be divided between both parents as they wish; 11. Further requests Member States to subsidise childcare for parents on a means-­‐‑tested basis to facilitate parents’ labour market participation.

M OTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY T HE C OMMITTEE ON I NDUSTRY , E NERGY AND R ESEARCH In light of the European Commissions’ communication on the European Unions’s (EU) Space Industrial policy, how can the EU coordinate the institutions of the EU, the Member States and the European Space Agency (ESA) so as to allow for innovation, new technological developments and economic growth in the Union?

Submitted by:

Amy Caulfield (St. Louis Secondary Monaghan), Cian Horgan (Christian Brothers College Cork), Ciara McCathy (Mercy Mounthawk Secondary School), David Glynn (Marist College), Diarmuid McGowan (Heywood Community School), Finian Carton (Tullamore College), Lorcan Barrett Gomez (Clongowes Wood College Tralee), Marco Balbona Calvo (St. David’s Holy Faith), Murray Kennedy (East Glendalough School), Róise McGagh (Magh Éne College), Ruairí Walsh (Scoil Chaitríona), Christine Hanna Meiser (Chairperson, DE), Lee Moran (Chairperson, IE)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Noting with regret that the EU is losing its leading position in the space sector, B. Deeply concerned that EU Member States who are not members of the European Space Agency (ESA) are still able to influence the ESA decision making process, C. Aware of the lack of communication between: i)

each Member States space program,

ii) Member States space programs and the ESA, D. Taking note of the expiry of the 2004 EU-­‐‑ESA Framework Agreement in 2016,

E. Recognising that 90% of the ESAs budget1 comes from the EU Member States, F. Further noting the EU’s reliance on imports in the production of space technology, G. Concerned by the fact that the 2014 Directive on the dissemination of Earth observation satellite for commercial purposes allows for variation in Member States legislation for obtaining information from High Resolution Satellite Data (HRSD), H. Noting with deep concern that space related educational resources are not of a uniformly high standard across the EU, I. Alarmed by the fact that a large proportion of the EU population are not aware of the benefits and importance of EU space policies;

1. Strongly suggests Bulgaria and Croatia become associated with the ESA to ensure all EU Member States’ participation, optimised cooperation and resource sharing; 2. Urges cooperation between Member States by making funds available to joint projects between multiple Member States; 3. Approves a revision of the 2003 EU-­‐‑ESA Framework Agreement so as to encourage greater innovation and new technological development in line with the 2007 Space Policy Document by the end of 2016; 4. Authorises the introduction of the ESAs Geographical Distribution Policy, reformed to be based on private sector investments in order to fund the ESAs development and manufacturing of telecommunications satellites; 5. Endorses Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) with companies based in the EU for continental manufacturing facilities to replace currently imported aeronautical components; 6. Calls upon the Vice President for the Digital Single Market to draw up a set of guidelines to achieve uniform standards for obtaining HRSD; 7. Calls for the expansion of the activities of the European Space Education Resource Office (ESERO) into:

http://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/corporate/ESA_2009_Budgetsweb.pdf, European Space Agency, 2009 1

a) a greater variety of secondary schools, b) tertiary institutions; 8. Recommends the ESA to target their marketing activities at younger audiences via social media to create interest in space policies; 9. Supports the role of the space sector in the completion of the Europe 2020 goals through Horizon 2020.

F A C T S H E E T T H E C O M M IT T E E O N I N D U S T R Y , E N E R G Y A N D R E S E A R C H European Space Agency (ESA) ESA is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space and is strongly affiliated with, though not an agency of, the EU. The ESA exploits the European Spaceport in Kourou (French Guyana) and is in charge of several space exploration and research missions.

Public Private Partnership (PPP) A business relationship between a private-­‐‑sector company and a government agency for the purpose of completing a project that will serve the public.

European Space Education Resource Office (ESERO) ESERO is a collaboration between the ESA and national partners which highlights associated applications from space and raises awareness of the range of career possibilities in the space domain.

High Resolution Satellite Data (HRSD) HRSD consists of images of Earth or other planets and is collected by artificial satellites.

Digital Single Market The Digital Agenda aims to update EU Single Market rules for the digital era.

It is supposed to boost the music download business, establish a single area for online payments and further protect EU consumers in cyberspace.

Geographical Distribution Policy The Geographical Distribution Policy is a set of rules relating to return based on the geographical size of a country. One of the major objectives of ESA procurements is to increase the competitiveness of European industry on the international market. It aims at developing the capacity of European industry to enable to react to the market demands in the most efficient and the most economical way.

Europe 2020 Europe 2020 is the European Union’s ten-­‐‑year growth strategy. It is focused on five goals in the areas of employment, innovation, education, poverty reduction and climate/energy.

Horizon 2020 Horizon 2020 is critical to the ongoing development of the space sector as it helps to sustain a competitive space industry and research community, provides support to develop appropriate technologies and services and encourages the research community as well as the private sector to intensify their efforts and investments.

2003 EU-­‐‑ESA Framework Agreement The 2003 EU–ESA Framework Agreement strives to establish a mutually beneficial framework for the execution of missions and research activities and was one of the contributing factors to the European Space Policy.

2007 European Space Policy The 2007 European Space Policy is the basic document relating to space affairs in the EU and puts forward the main goals for the European space sector.

2014 Directive on the dissemination of Earth observation satellite for commercial purpose The objective of the Directive on the dissemination of Earth observation satellite for commercial purposes is to facilitate the dissemination of satellite data in Europe and to establish a more reliable access to HRSD, while fully safeguarding security interests

M OTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY T HE C OMMITTEE ON L EGAL A FFAIRS Considering the ruling of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in the case of Brustle vs. Greenpeace; what criteria should the European Union (EU) put in place when awarding scientific research grants so as to strike a balance between right to life, enhancing prospects for patients suffering from incurable illnesses, and protecting freedom of research?

Submitted by:

Caoimnhe Bonehill (The King’s Hospital), Leanne Brosnan (Mount Sackville Secondary School), Susan Carey (Our Ladys Bower), Melanie Carrel (College Ste-­‐‑Croix) Orla Kelly-­‐‑ Murtagh (St. Colmicilles Community School), Daithi Mac Cruitin (St. Josephs), Cormac Meagher (St. Davis Holy Faith), Jack Counihan (Colaiste Iognaid), Niamh Delmer (Presentation College), Rachel Kenny (Sacred Heart School), Emma Young (Brandon Grammar Schoo), Connor Sheehan (Christian Brothers College Cork), Chis Keane (Mercy Mounthawk), Joana Cavaco (Chairperson, PT)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Noting with regret that the current Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 20201 is perceived as a difficult and extensive grant process, B. Deploring that the removal of patentability of human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC)2 research may discourage for-­‐‑profit organisations from investing in further stem cell research and development,

Horizon 2020 focuses on achieving smart growth, while the Innovation Union sets out measures to contribute to this aim, including increasing investment, refocusing research, development and innovation policy on major societal challenges, and strengthening the links from frontier research right through to commercialisation.

2 Human embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-­‐‑stage preimplantation embryo.

Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50–150 cells.

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C. Alarmed by the lack of lines of investigation into and research programmes on induced-­‐‑pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)3 as a potential alternative to hESCs, D. Conscious that Member States currently put into force different legislation regarding stem cell research, E. Fully aware that conflicting cultural, ethical and social views have a direct effect on the progress of stem cell research, F. Further noting that there is only a limited financial gain available from researching hESCs due to a lack of patentability, G. Emphasising the importance of general public awareness regarding the practical purposes of hESC research, H. Taking into consideration that the current criteria for awarding hESC research grants depends on the Member States collective stances, I. Aware that stem cell treatments are not yet actively mainstreamed and as such cannot be accepted or even considered by patients as a viable cure and course of treatment, J. Deeply concerned by the lack of input from medical professionals regarding treatments originated from stem cell research, K. Viewing with appreciation the benefits of the usage of embryonic stem cells in treating patients with incurable illnesses such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease;

1. Calls for the fast tracking of the approval of grants based upon the reassessed criteria, that considers the importance and potential impact of the research; 2. Urges the European Commission (EC) to conduct a reassessment of Article. 18 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being by clarifying the definition of an embryo;

Induced-­‐‑pluripotent stem cells are adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell–like state by being forced to express genes and factors important for maintaining the defining properties of embryonic stem cells. Although these cells meet the defining criteria for pluripotent stem cells, it is not known if iPSCs and embryonic stem cells differ in clinically significant ways; 3

3. Solemnly confirms the need for more research into iPSCs and hESCs, while keeping both systems available for research in order to determine the most suitable process; 4. Proposes the creation of a common pan-­‐‑European framework for the exchange of research and best practice, exclusive for countries that hold identical positive views on hESCs research; 5. Recommends that European based stem cell research focuses on the specific scientific process, reflecting all different views on stem cell research; 6. Calls for the redefinition of the current hESC patent framework by: a) allowing open public applications for legal hESC patents, b) creating a pan-­‐‑European committee to evaluate the aforementioned hESCs patent applications, c)

ensuring an anonymous and therefore unbiased evaluation process,

d) determining that, in case of patent approval, 75% of the profit gained by the patent will be invested in further hESCs research while the remaining 25% shall remain with the owner of the patent, e) making hESC specific patents eligible for a maximum period of five years after which each patent will be considered for renewal on a case-­‐‑by-­‐‑case basis; 7. Congratulates organisations such as EuroStemCells4 for providing unbiased and accurate information regarding the usage of stem cells within the EU; 8. Calls upon Member States to hold a plebiscite to determine the current stance of their citizens regarding hESCs research; 9. Recommends an opinion poll be conducted among a diverse group of medical professionals in order to determine the majority of views, stances and opinions, regarding stem cell research and the practical applicability of its results in the course of treatments.

EuroStemCell, was launched in March 2010 by the European Commission'ʹs Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), and unites more than 90 European stem cell and regenerative medicine research labs in a coordinated effort to engage with the public about science. This partnership includes scientists, clinicians, ethicists, social scientists and science communicators as well teachers and patient representatives.

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M OTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY T HE C OMMITTEE ON C IVIL LIBERTIES , J USTICE AND H OME A FFAIRS As EU citizens share more personal data online than ever before, what provisions should be made in the EU’s proposed ‘Data Protection Compact’ to safeguard the digital rights of all Europeans?

Submitted by:

Marc Aeby (CH), Kate Brady (Loreto College Cavan), Marc Dolan (St.Patricks College Cavan), Oran Donovan (Scoil Chaitríona), Kate Kinsella (Mount Sackville), Moira McCarthy (Mercy Heights Secondary School), William O’Meara (Marist College), Caoimhe Ni Ghormáin (Scoil Chaitríona), Lorcáin O’Shea (Clongowes Wood College), Eoghan Reid (Malahide Community School), Philippa Ryan (Bandon Grammar School), Gavin Smith (St.Patricks College Cavan), Gustaf Westin (Chairperson, SE)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Having observed that many EU citizens are worried about the data they share online as: i)

only 26% of EU citizens feel in complete control of their personal data1,

ii) 43% of EU citizens are afraid they give away too much personal data online2, iii) 70% of Europeans think their data is being misused3, B. Recognising the need for a balance between freedom of information on the internet and the right to erasure,

Special Eurobarometer 359, “Attitudes on Data Protection and Electronic Identity in the European Union” , European Commission 2011 2 ibid 3 Press release, “Data Protection Reform: Frequently asked questions”, European Commission 2012 1

C. Fully aware Member States have differing views on data protection regulation, D. Bearing in mind 90% of Europeans want the harmonisation of data protection laws across the EU4, E. Alarmed by the lack of awareness among EU citizens concerning their digital footprint, F. Condemning the practice of selling or transferring personal information to third parties without the knowledge or consent of the individuals concerned, G. Noting with concern inadequate security measures among private companies, resulting in breaches of personal data, H. Convinced that the right to data portability5 places undue administrative burdens on private companies;

1. Approves several proposals included in the General Data Protection Regulation6 (GDPR), including the: a) “one-­‐‑stop-­‐‑shop“ principle7, b) introduction of data protection officers, c)

new rule stating that data breaches have to be reported to a company’s respective Data Protection Authority (DPA8) within 24 hours;

2. Requests the criteria for what is eligible for removal under the right to erasure be reviewed to exclude information that is of benefit to the general public;

Special Eurobarometer 359, “Attitudes on Data Protection and Electronic Identity in the European Union” , European Commission 2011 5 The right of any individual to have data transferred between different services if the format allows it.

6 The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a comprehensive reform of the EU’s data protection legislation, which plans to unify data protection within the European Union (EU) with a single law.

7 The “one-­‐‑stop-­‐‑shop“ principle states that companies only have to report to one national supervisory authority when collecting data, instead of one in each Member State.

8 Data Protection Authority (DPA) authorities in each Member State are tasked with the protection of data and privacy.

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3. Affirms that a single data protection legislation for all EU Member States is preferable to different legislation in each Member State; 4. Establish a EU supervisory body to oversee national DPAs to ensure data protection regulations are implemented correctly; 5. Calls for the creation of an EU web platform providing simplified summaries of the terms and conditions of websites and online services with over 2 million daily users in the EU; 6. Further requests websites send compulsory notifications to users when their personal data is sold or transferred to a third party; 7. Encourages companies to perform regular vulnerability assessments in order to ensure that any potential security threats are minimised; 8. Recommends compliance with the right to data portability be made voluntary for private companies.

M OTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY T HE C OMMITTEE ON T RANSPORT AND T OURISM Following on from the European Comission’s (EC) publication of the ‘Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area’, what steps should now be taken towards the creation of a competetive, sustainable and resource efficient European transport system by 2050?

Submitted by:

Sean Daly (Mount Temple Conprhensive School), James Keaveney Jiminez (Christian Brothers Colege, Cork), Megan Luddy (St Angela’s College, Cork), Conor McCabe (St Patrick’s, Cavan), Jane McGuiness (Our Lady’s Scholary School, Terenure), Aiofe O’Caroll (Mercy Mounthawk), Aoibh O’Connor (Salerno Secondary School), Jack O’Hara (Heywood Community School), Nicole O’Sullivan (Sancta Maria College), Hannah Rabbite (Presentation College, Athenry), Eloïse Bodin (Chairperson, FR), Clemens Rawert (Vice-­‐‑President, DE)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Reaffirming the attention of national governments, private companies and the public to the environmental and economic benefits of the initiatives outlined in the ‘Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area’, B. Appreciating that the key goals of the ‘Roadmap to a Single European Transport area’1 are: i)

to phase out conventionally fuelled cars from urban areas by 2050,

ii) low carbon sustainable fuel use in aviation to reach 40% by 2050, iii) to achieve a 50% shift of medium distance intercity passengers and freight journey from road to rail and waterborne transport, iv) reduction of greenhouse gases by 60% from the 1990 figures, C. Deeply regretting that the goals of TEN-­‐‑T2 policy have not been successfully fulfilled due to a lack of funding,

“Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system”, European Commission, Brussels (2011) 1

D. Realising the crucial importance of the transportation sector to the European Economy due to its: i)

employing 10 million people,

ii) contributing towards 5% of the EU’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), E. Noting the difficulty in creating a unified single European transport area, whilst acknowledging the unique needs of each EU Member State and their historical technological heritage, F. Aware that there is a lack of compliance and cohesion between national governments and the EC due to the lack of incentives, guidelines, and knowledge of the environmental and economic benefits of such initiatives, G. Deeply concerned by the fact that too many monopolies and a lack of competition result in high transport costs and lack of choice for the consumer, H. Alarmed by the high usage of non-­‐‑renewable fuels for most modes of transport, I. Fully aware of the increasing demand for modes of transport that are not reliant on finite resources, notably initiatives such as bike sharing schemes, J. Emphasising the need for efficient maritime routes in response to the unfulfilled goals of the Maritime Blue Belt3 initiative, K. Further appreciating the growing interest in rail and water as a means of transport from the public and national governments, such as the initiative to create 12,500km of rail track by 2020 under the TEN-­‐‑T programme, L. Keeping in mind air traffic in the EU is excepted to grow by 50% by 2030,

The Trans-­‐‑European Transport Networks (TEN-­‐‑T) are a planned set of road, rail, air and water transport networks in the European Union. The TEN-­‐‑T networks are part of a wider system of Trans-­‐‑European Networks, including a telecommunications network and a proposed energy network. The European Commission adopted the first action plans on trans-­‐‑ European networks in 1990.

3 Maritime Blue Belt: A single European maritime area that reduces formalities and red tape in the administration of cargo on water within the European Union.

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1. Strongly urges the review and reformation of the TEN-­‐‑T to ensure that all projects create economic and social value in excess of the original investment; 2. Designates an independent board within each Member State to gauge the specific transport requirements of that state, by conducting a survey of the publics’ opinion of the transport infrastructure in their region; 3. Calls for the EC to introduce legislation that will allow for all transport routes across the EU to reach a common mechanical and technological standard by 2035; 4. Accepts the EC’s invitation to the European Parliament (EP) to endorse the Roadmap to a Single European Transport System by 20504; 5. Calls upon the EC to introduce a pan-­‐‑EU classification of rail routes into five main types reflecting the population density and location of the destinations serviced; 6. Appeals to the EC to negotiate with Member States about the removal of restrictive transport regulations which prevent competition between transport services; 7. Expresses its hope for reduced reliance on road freight routes and further promotes the use of rail for freight instead; 8. Emphasises the need for an increase in the research and development of renewable energy with regards to the transport sector, including the road, rail, air and maritime sectors; 9. Supports the expansion of city bike sharing schemes across urban centres in the EU.

4 Including the introduction of a European high-­‐‑speed rail network and the Single European Sky (SES) by 2050.