Eva Vasileska by fa diploma

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska Idejna zasnova hibridne stavbe na lokaciji nekdanjega Kolizeja v Ljubljani magistrsko delo mentor: prof.Jurij Kobe u.d.i.a. somentor: Rok Žnidaršič u.d.i.a. konsultant za konstrukcijo: mag. Igor Povhe u.d.i.g. Leto vpisa na Fakulteto za arhitekturo:2012 Ljubljana, 2016

Nothing is more visible and nothing is more present than your absence

Nič ni bolj vidnega in nič ni bolj prisotnega kot tvoja odsotnost

Ништо не е повидливо и ништо не е поприсутно од твоето отсуство

Petre M. Andreevski

Петре М. Андреевски

Povzetek Fokus tega projekta je hibridna stavba na lokaciji nekdanjega Kolizeja v Ljubljani. Stavba je zasnovana tako, da ponuja nove prostorne izkušnje mestnim prebivalcem, hkrati pa odgovarja grajenemu kontekstu. Z mešanjem različnih programov prikazuje nove scenarije, njihove medsebojne povezave in vpliv, ki ga imajo na mestno središče. Projekt preučuje idejo urbanega hibrida kot atraktorja v urbanem tkivu mesta, ki obravnava lastnosti bodočega mesta, kot so programiranje, gostota, merilo in prepustnost. Na lokaciji nekdanjega Kolizeja projekt predlaga gledališče, igralsko šolo, stanovanja in vse storitve, ki jih potrebujejo, v eni stavbi. Ustreza zahtevam vsakega od programov in ponuja nove povezave med njimi. Projekt se osredotoča na strukturo stavbe in na uresničenje pričakovanj vsakega od programov, poleg tega pa pomeni nove izkušnje, ki jih prinaša sobivanje teh programov. Obenem si prizadeva za odprt zunanji prostor, ki ne pripada zgolj stavbi, temveč celotnemu mestu.

Abstract

Klučnje beside: Kolizej, hibrid, Ljubljana

Key words: Kolizej, hybrid, Ljubljana

The focus of the project is a hybrid building on the site of the former Kolizej building in the center of Ljubljana. The building is design to offer new spatial experiences to the city inhabitants while addressing its build context. Mixing different programs it shows new scenarios, its inner relation as well as the impact it can have on the city center. The project explores the idea of the urban hybrid as attractor in the city tissue appling features of the future contemporary city, such as programming, density, scale and permeability. On the site where old Kolizej was demolished 2011 this project propose theater, acting school,apartments and all services required for it, in one building. It meditate each program’s requirements and introduce new relation between them. The focus is put on structuring the building to provide for the expectation of each program while enriching it with new experiences that comes from the coexisting of different programs. At the same time, it aims for outside open space not just as relation to the building but as urban contribution on city level.

POVZETEK Danes so v centru Ljubljane številna odprta gradbišča, na katerih je bila gradnja iz različnih razlogov ustavljena. Ta projekt ponuja rešitev za gradbeno jamo na lokaciji nekdanjega Kolizeja in predlaga zasnovo hibridne stavbe z gledališčem, igralsko šolo in s stanovanji. Da bi čim bolje razumeli, kaj ta lokacija potrebuje, moramo najprej preučiti širši kontekst. V zgodovinskem pregledu mesta Ljubljana lahko vidimo posamezne faze njenega razvoja. Emona je bila antično mesto, zgrajeno po načelih rimskega klastruma, sledila pa ji je srednjeveška Ljubljana, katere strnjeno načelo gradnje je najobčutljivejše v mestnem središču. Leta 1945, ko se je začel proces urbanizacije, so zgradili številne soseske, ki so bile zasnovane po načelu razpršenega mesta. S spremembami leta 1991 je proces zgoščevanja zamenjal urbanizacijo, izboljšana je bila dostopnost, kar je prineslo nove prostorske težave, ki bi jih rešila zasnova trajnostnega regionalnega mesta. Hibridna stavba je arhitekturna oblika, ki vključuje različne programske aktivnosti. Hibridi so kompleksne stavbe, ki združujejo programe, ki jih navadno ne najdemo skupaj. Sobivanje teh programov, njihovo dotikanje ali ločevan-

je je ključnega pomena za uspešnost hibridnih zasnov. Hibridi imajo lahko različne tipologije, odzivajo se na potrebe različnih programov. Ena od bistvenih lastnosti je socialno življenje stavbe oziroma intenzivno življenje, ki ni odvisno od posameznih programov. Lokacija starega Kolizeja je na meji središča Ljubljane, ob Fabijanijevem obroču, v neposredni bližini parka Tivoli, ob Gosposvetski cesti. Lokacija je del starega mestnega jedra in se hkrati odpira proti Šiški in Tivoliju. Na jugovzhodni strani se z Argentinskim parkom povezuje s Slovensko cesto. Lokacija je z ene strani izpostavljena Gosposvetski cesti, eni najprometnejših cest, na drugi strani pa je mirno območje urbanih vil. Predlagana stavba bi zapolnila diagonalo v bloku, ki jo je Kolizej pustil v prostoru, obenem pa bi se dvigovala, pod njo pa bi bil volumen gledališča. Ob južni in jugozahodni strani upošteva urbane linije obstoječe stavbe, na severni strani s prizmo oblikuje javno odprt prostor. Ta javni prostor sega do sosednje cerkve in hotela Lev ter do parametralnih blokov Ljubljane na drugi strani Gosposvetske ceste. Volumen gledališča ohranja

gradbene linije urbanih vil in formalno definira obliko Argentinskega parka. Višina celotne kompozicije ne presega 30 m in tako ne prepreči pogleda na Ljubljanski grad s Celovške ceste. V diagonalno postavljeni prizmi so tri nadstropja stanovanj in dve nadstropji šole za igralce. Ta je zasnovana tako, da je odprta do gledališča. Včasih, ko programe delajo skupaj, je ta povezava intenzivna in odprta, včasih, ko programi to zahtevajo, pa sta šola in gledališče ločena. Javni prostori gledališča so močno povezani z urbanimi odprtimi površinami. Gibanje je mogoče v štirih jedrih vzdolž prizme ter v dveh jedrih za obiskovalce v gledališču. Jedra vzdolž prizme, ki predstavljajo gibanje za gledališče, šolo in stanovanja, so zasnovana po načelu ˝škarje˝ stopnice, ki omogočajo medsebojno neodvisna gibanja v eno jedro. Konstrukcija stavbe je razdeljena na 4 različne konstrukcijske sklope, volumen šole in stanovanj pa je dilatiran na dveh mestih. Volumen gledališča ima stekleno fasado, prek katere je obešena mreža ekspandiranih kovin, šola se navzven odpira z dvojno stekleno fasado, stanovanja pa so zasenčena s perforiranimi paneli.

TABLE OF CONTENTS KAZALO

INTRODUCTION 1 uvod

THEORY BASES 2 vsebinsko izhodišče 2.1 CITY DEVELOPMENT 3 razvoj mesta 2.2 HYBRID 5 hibrid 2.3 REFERENCES 6 primeri dobre prakse 2.4 THOUGHTS ON THE PROJECT 9 razmislek o projektu

PROJECT projekt

4.1.BUILD CONTEXT CORRELATIONS umestitev v prostor

4.2. DESIGN CONCEPT koncept zasnove

4.3 CONSTRUCTION DESIGN zasnova konstrukcije

4.4. MATERIALS USED uporabljeni materijali

3. SPATIAL BASIS prostorsko izhodišče

4.5.FIRE SAFEY DESIGN zasnova požarne varnosti

3.1 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF LJUBLJANA zgodovina prostora Ljubljane

4.6. INSTALLATIONS instalacije

3.2.1HISTORY OF INTERESTED AREA zgodovina območje obdelave

4.7.PROJECT DRAWINGS načrti

3.2.2 HISTORY OF KOLIZEJ zgodovina Kolizeja

4.8 SPATIAL VIEWS prostorski prikazi

3.3. SITE FEATURES značilnosti območja

4.9. MODEL maketa

3.3.1 MORFOLOGY ANALYSIS morfološka analiza

BIBLIOGRAPHY vir in literatura

3.3.2 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS analiza strukture

IZJAVA O AVTORSTVU

3.3.3. PERMEABILITY prepustnos

3.3.4 PROGRAM ANALYSIS programska analiza

1. INTRODUCTION UVOD

open construction sites in Ljubljana

Problem description Currently in Ljubljana’s city center there are few construction sites where the building is stopped due to different reasons. One of them is the site of the former Kolizej building. Kolizej was demolished in 2011 and since then there have been no further building activities on the site. This project aims to show possible scenario for this location. Being part of the city center and carrying specifical historical layer the site has not just possibilities but also responsibilities to the city. This project is developed not to supplement the previous building but to represent new generator of urbanity for the city

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

Working methods The project has been developed in few connected phases. Theoretical phase in which the idea of hybrid building has been elaborated. Spatial starting point were the main goal was to read the site resources and form opinions for its further development. This was possible only after understanding the wider context of the city of Ljubljana. And last phase, developing response to the site, programmatically and formally tested throughout working models, sketches and drawings.

Project task The project aims to address the problem of abandoned construction sites in Ljubljana. It offers possible scenario for the site of former Kolizej building. It focus on the programs and spatial experiences it can offer to the city and its inhabitants. It seeks to be generator of new urban activities and spatial possibilities for the city. It’s challenged by the idea of coexisting of different programs inside one building, its relations,its limits and its complementarities. Main project task is to encourage thinking about the future development of the city, addressing the idea of the hybrid building with its responses to city density, program mixing, building typology, and diversity as katalizators for new social condensers of the future city

Idejna zasnova hibridne stavbe na lokaciji nekdanjega Kolizeja v Ljubljani magistrsko delo mentor: prof.Jurij Kobe u.d.i.a. somentor: Rok Žnidaršič u.d.i.a. konsultant za konstrukcijo: mag. Igor Povhe u.d.i.g. Leto vpisa na Fakulteto za arhitekturo:2012 Ljubljana, 2016

nce upon a time, Greek hero Jason and his Argonaut comrades stole a golden fleece, the coat of a golden ram, from the King of Colchis on the Black Sea. On board the Argo they fled their pursuers and found themselves at the mouth of the River Danube instead of going south towards the Aegean Sea and their Greek homeland. There was no way back, so they went on, up the Danube and then along the River Ljubljanica. They had to stop at the source of the Ljubljanica and overwintered here. They then took the Argo apart and in the spring carried it on their shoulders to the Adriatic coast, where they put it back together again and went on their way. According to the legend, on their arrival between what is now Vrhnika and Ljubljana, the Argonauts came across a large lake with a marsh alongside. Here lived a terrible marsh dragon that Jason killed after a heroic struggle. The monster would have been the Ljubljana dragon. It is said that Jason should have been the first real Ljubljana citizen. (adapted from w.w.w.ljubljana.si)

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

2. THEORY BASES VSEBINSKO IZHODIŠČE

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

2.1. CITY DEVELOPMENT RAZVOJ MESTA

CITY DEVELOPMENT adapted from J.Koželj,Arhitektura mesta=urbanistično oblikovanje,delovno gradivo,FA, Ljubljana, 2008

slika 1_the city as an egg by Cedric Price Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

The contemporary city can be observed as the coexistence of two models, the compact and the dispersed city model. The compact model is recognized as the rigid structure of the historic city and the dispersed model as the search for innovative and flexible urban structures . Although primarily different, a successful city story is based on the complementing of both models: on connecting structures of the dispersed city, on the principle of dispersed concentrations and controlled diverse development. The combination together with the principles of regional development defines the sustainable city Describing the compact model we are describing the rigid structure of the historical city. The historical city has a dominant spatial order and strong forming system. It’s created with the combination and repetition of basic cells of the urban tissue. The compact city is strongly a connected system, homogenous and determined with typology and morphology. It’s created with stratification of historical layers while following the same spa-

tial order which ensures continuation of the structure. Holding that type of collective memory, the compact city is usually the main city space and core of the city life. The urban strategy for further urban development is focused on development in towards itself. The urban hierarchy and rigid structure are basic guidelines for future improvement. The strategy includes reconstruction and modernization of the existing structures, intensification of specific points, introducing a diverse social structure, reactivating of brownfield sites, and traffic redesign... The dispersed model describes the forming principles of open, dynamic systems created with dispersing compact structure. It describes the post industrial city, developed around fields and flows, as an infrastructural network that holds separate, always changing units without using the character of the system. The dispersed model has dynamic, generic space and never-completed structure. It’s defined by the intensity of the field, the density of the field, the power of attractions and the intensity and speed

of flow. The dispersed city is never completed, it’s growing complexity becomes the strategy of development. The basis of the strategy is managing the tendencies towards disorder and adding structures that provide stability and consistency. That can be achieved with layering different networks which provide conditions for self-organizations and self-growth. The efficiency of the urban system can be improved by increasing the intensity and the density of existing structures. The sustainable city model unites and upgrades the models of the compact and dispersed city. Following the principle of dispersed concentration it creates a balanced network of attractors. In that manner the base feature of the sustainable city is polycentricity. In the city, different focal points become specialized for different functions without any hierarchy and while coexisting in the same network they change the meaning of the space in time. There is no one urban form of the sustainable city. It can be obtained by different approaches: connecting the urban and the rural environment

within one system, creating networks following the current dynamic of the attractors and providing infrastructural connections. The base idea in developing the compact city into sustainability is encouraging economic growth and improving social structure. That can be created with specific programing of the historical city, with providing different housing typologies, and straining the connections with all city parts. When restructuring the dispersed city into sustainability the base assumption is on insuring diversity while urbanizing the dispersed structures. The generic space can be transformed with layering different networks of mixed use programs, increased accessibility and densifying the physical structure. The guiding line in the sustainable model is - layering different networks to provide enough conditions for self-organization. Having that complexity as a fundamental development strategy, the system becomes self-sufficient, self-controlled and self-growing. The city becomes sustainable which ensures its existance.

2.1. CITY DEVELOPMENT RAZVOJ MESTA

emona/ ^n

old ljubljana ^n

nove fužine/^n

EMONA/ROMAN CASTRUM Designed as a typical Roman castrum, Emona’s layout still has implications in today’s Ljubljana. The cardo maximus continues to be the city’s spine as Slovenska Cesta . Connections within the Roman empire are now connections to the neighboring towns, the road to Poetovo to the north becomes Dunajska cesta toward Vienna, the road to Siscia to the east becomes Dolenjska cesta towards Zagreb, and the road to Aquilea to the west becomes Tržaška cesta leading to Trieste. Reflections of emona can still be sensed today in Ravnikar’s ferantov vrt, Plečnik’s roman wall and his vegova street park

OLD LJUBLJANA/COMPACT CITY The compact city model is the perfect description of Ljubljana’s historical core. Rigid spatial order forming a dense system of open spaces, streets and squares. Each with a strong identity and with its one hierarchy. Ljubljana’s historical core has a strongly defined structure which allows few if any drastic .The strong spatial order can be seen in the continuation of the urban tissue following the connected squares along the Castle hill.

SUBURBAN SETTELMENTS ON THE OUTR EDGE OF LJUBLJANA/DISPERSED CITY The settlements in Ljubljana’s suburbs were built mostly after 1945 with the intensive process of urbanization. Neighbourhoods built in that period were: parts of Šiška, parts of Bežigad, Savsko naselje, Fužin, BS3, and Štepansko naselje. The city expanded out of its previous borders, converting rural space into urban. Ljubljana’s dispersed suburbs were organized as fields, flows and attractors. The settlement arrangement is a generic space, field, graviting around a node, attractor which generates flows in the system. Ex: Stara Cerkev as starting potential for the node, which after the uncontrolled development gets completely over dominated by the fieild.

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

BTC/^n

CHALLENGES AFTER 1991 TOWARD THE SUSTAINABLE CITY With the independence of Slovenia and the change of economic and political systems, changes were also brought to the urban space. Regenerating old Ljubljana, the historical part becomes again core of city life. It becomes the political, touristic and cultural center of the city. The city stops to expand into the rural surrounding and a process of densification starts. Building the ring roads limits the city’s expansions. The ring roads improve the accessibility of the entire city so now the outline of the city can be easily reached. It is there where the first clusters of shops starts to appear, forming shopping centers. Those shopping centers drain the attractors of the suburban settlements, destroying the node while at the same time converting it into monopoly for the city/becoming a treat to the city center. What once was the node to the suburban settlement now is the shopping mall for the city. Building the ring road and improving the infrastructure connects the city with its surrounding areas making it a regional city.

2.2. HYBRID HIBRID

WHAT IS A HZBRID BUILDING

WHAT IS HYBRID IN A HYBRID BUILDING

adapted from Fernandez-Per, A.,Mozas, J.,Vitoria-Gasteiz, This is Hybrid, Spain:a+t architecture publishers, 2011

slika 2_Theorem 2015 by A.B. Walker Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

According to architect Steven Holl, a hybrid building is “a concentration of many social activities within an architectural form” (Holl,2011,str.7). Richard Sennet wrote that a “cosmopolitan is someone who moves comfortably in diversity, who is at home in situations which are not connected or parallel to what is familiar to him”(Sennet,2002,str49). In that manner, hybrids are cosmopolitan buildings. The hybrid doesn’t aim for stable configurations, it creates fields that accommodate processes that refuse to be crystallized into definitive form. The combining of programs and processes in architecture had been present throughout history but hybrid buildings mostly developed in 20th century. Hybrid buildings are products of the process of urbanization. “The hybrid type was a respond to the metropolitan pressures of land values and the constraint of urban fabric” (Fenton,1985,str5). The history of the hybrid can be trace down to the Equitable and the Downtown Athletic club in New York, in 1930. Later with the building of Rockefeller Center the hybrid denied the hierarchy, quit following typologies, but instead parts of the building gets assigned to necessary functions. What Koolhaas terms “the vertical schism”(Koolhaas,1978,str174), which creates the free-

dom to stuck disparate activities directly on top of each other without any concern for their symbolic compatibility. The hybrid is a complex building, rich in diversity and variety of program. It is a preforming stage for a mixture of different independent activities. The touching of those different processes specifies the hybrid, it creates special spheres of coexistence and encourages unprogrammed situations. The social life of the hybrid is a celebration of the meetings of public and private spaces. The accessibility and the variety of users make the activity constant and uncontrolled by private and public rhythms. Hybrids are almost always associated with super-buildings, super-blocks or megastructures because combining programs take size, because the diverse activity it provides, and because the social and urban processes it promises requires land and demands height. That is how the hybrid expends its influence into the scale of the city. Going beyond the sphere of buildings, the hybrid goes to the sphere of urban design, it creates intensive dialog with the city’s urban spaces.

1.Form. The hybrid was left out from the modern movement because of their insistence on “purity’” of form and function. Today the form-function relationship tends to lead to fragmentation and integration of the form. Integration-when the form tries to unify the diverse functions that are grouped inside. “This project (the non stop city) could be called the first generic hybrid, where functions are brought together to be immediately dissolved in the immensity of the neutrality of form”(Branzi,1969-1972,str181). Fragmentation-when the form tries to stay consistent with its function which now also includes the mixed programs “ A space large enough to take the banquet, elephant or gokarts. Ways of adapting from chamber music to ice hockey. An architecture that is made of the event, rather than the envelope. So why not forget the envelope?”(Cook,1999,str105) 2. Typology. In regard to the hybrid’s typology Joseph Fenton distinguishes three basic types. The fabric hybrid, which is directly deprived from structure and the measurements of the surrounding urban fabric. The outer performance and composted of the fabric hybrid within the city tissue can vary from being a distinguishable part of the urban block or expressing and composing a whole block as ur-

ban unit. The graft hybrid consists of a combination of different building forms within an urban block. It can also present itself as a unity that articulates the different functions of the building in the exterior. The monolith hybrid is usually a high rise structure. The monolith hybrid carries a unifying skin and stresses even more than the fabric hybrid the block’s unity. All kinds of combinations between those three types are thinkable. 3. Programs. A successful mixture of programs can ensure sustainable life of a hybrid building, however the some programs often act as attractors bringing users to the weaker activities. A hybrid building seeks to bring together programs that don’t have preset relations. It aims for coexisting of different programs and the touching between them. It’s socal life can be directed by controlling the connections among the variability of programs 4.Processes.Property- a hybrid can have public and private land development which often means balance between the private and public urban space of the building. Construction-coexistence of different structural systems as different building techniques Management- depening or not on the property it can be done individually of by communities.

2.3. REFERENCES PRIMERI DOBRE PRAKSE

slika 3_sky village by adept&mvrdv village as pixels

village as block

opening on corenr towars Avedore

opening on corner towars Roskildevej

opening on towards villa neighbourhood

opening on wester corner

opening to bring daylight inside

a plaza is created by projecting the grid

Flexibile tower The constellation of pixels allows for flexibility in function red:housing; blue:offices; pink:commercial; green: hotel

proposed program

stronger market for housing

stronger market for offices

stronger market for commercial

slika 9_sky village by adept&mvrdv

slika 4_sky village by adept&mvrdv

slika 5_sky village by adept&mvrdv

detached housing typical for Rodovre slika 8_sky village by adept&mvrdv

slika 6_sky village by adept&mvrdv Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

slika 7_sky village by adept&mvrdv

Monofunctional blocks typical of Rodovre

Merging the both scales

SKY VILLAGE DENMARK, 2013 ADEPT+MVRDV

The sky village skyscraper will be located at Roskildevej, a major artery East of the centre of Copenhagen. It’s a 116 meter tall building accommodating 21 688m2 of apartments, a hotel, retail space, and offices. A public park and plaza are also planned. The design is a reflection of the urban context of the city, its form is a blend of two typologies, the single family home of the suburban and the high rise of the urban. It’s built from metal “pixels” each 60m2 arranged around a 3 pixeled concrete core. “The constellation of the pixels allows flexibility in function; the building can be transformed by market forces,” say the architects. “Flexibility for adaptation is one of the best sustainable characteristics of a building.” Besides it’s flexibility/form driven design, the result can be seen as an organism capable of growing limitlessly both vertically and horizontally, a ‘shapeless” reaction to fulfill the city before dissolving into it.

2.3. REFERENCES PRIMERI DOBRE PRAKSE

slika10_market hall by mvrdv slika15_market hall by mvrdv

slika14_market hall by mvrdv Market hall accommodates are broad range of housing types. 102 rental apartments and 126 apartments for sale

On level -1 a supermarket for all additional shopping slika11_market hall by mvrdv

The loading and distribution take place underground so that at ground level market hall can be accessed from all sides

Parking and loading only takes place underground which means that the building has no back side

MARKET HALL THE NETHERLANDS,2004 MVRDV The market hall building in Rotterdam includes market space on the ground floor and apartments filling the vaulted shape of the covering. The design is a response to new laws in the Netherlands that require covered areas for traditional open air markets. The recognizable form becomes space dominant in the surroundings and provides the city with a new urban marker. The mixture of programs in this manner is a first of its kind. The obvious answer to the program requested is two residential slabs with market hall between, but those markets can be introverted (or maybe secluded), with little to no connection with the urban space. Designed as such, the market hall acts not just as a catalyst but also as generator of urban life.

The inside of the arch is 11 000 m2 artwork done by the netherlands artist Arno Coenen. The artwork is caled Hoorn des Overvloeds or Horn of Plenty. It shows large versions of fruits, vegetables,fish and flowers

slika12_market hall by mvrdv

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

slika13_market hall by mvrdv

2.3.REFERENCES PRIMERI DOBRE PRAKSE MUSEUM PLAZA USA, 2005 REX

slika20_museum plaza by rex

The Museum PLaza building was a hybrid intended for Louisville, Kentucky, USA. It is a 214-meter tall, 62-story skyscraper on the banks of the Ohio River, containing a 3,700 m² contemporary art institute; the University of Louisville’s 2,300 m² Master of Fine Arts program; a 250-room Westin Hotel; 98 luxury condominiums; 117 lofts; 25,000 m² of office space; 1,900 m² of restaurants and shops; parking and 141,800 m² public sculpture garden. Breaking from traditional “mixing” of the programs, where public program is always located on street level and the profit-making towers above, the design introduced an “island” of public programs raised at 25 stories to achieve greater presence in the city. The stacking of volumes maintains the independence of each block, as they refuse to resolve into a singular form. Disturbing the program within different volumes provides financial independence and calls for adjustment to the profitability criteria.

above the island

the island

slika18_museum plaza by rex

slika19_museum plaza by rex

under the island slika16_museum plaza by rex Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

slika17_museum plaza by rex

slika20_museum plaza by rex

2.4. THOUGHTS ON THE PROJECT RAZMISLEK O PROJEKTU

“The hybrid type was a respond to the metropolitan pressures of land values and the constraint of urban fabric” (Fenton,1985,str5)

Hybridisation:

the process of combining different varieties to create a hybrid

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

Understanding the requirements of the program, respecting and upgrading them is one of the key features in good building design. Hybrid buildings ask for a step further, forming relations between programs that have not yet been fused. A hybrid building attempts to bring together programs that don’t have previous history together, often programs that seems un-mixable. It is in this mixing of un-mixable where the crucial idea of the hybrid lives. The hybrid social life feeds on the unplanned scenarios, unprogrammed situations are starting points to its future. That uncertainty results in its capability of independent life. It becomes a self-regulated system. The programs act as a system of connected vessels, the potential is distributed so all the participants benefit. This often includes the problem of scale. Programs take on surface, more programs take on more surface, and quickly it enters the domain of urban design. A city within in a city, it becomes an organism on its own, capable of surviving outside of the urban features that were once feeding it. Some

prototypes as described are being tested mostly in Asia in cities such as Shenzhen, Beijing and Chengdu are experiencing the most radical rural to urban migration. In the case of Ljubljana, especially in the city center, I believe hybrid as response only to the free market is not a good recommendation. Mostly because the concentration of activities will act as attractor and will withdraw life from other cities parts. A problem similar to what Ljubljana is currently facing with the BTC shopping district. Concentrating a lot of programs, bringing together a lot of typologies quickly produce introverted buildings. And being ignorant especially in the city center has no contribution to the city’s urban life. Ljubljana, especially Ljubljana’s center asks for hybrid as generator of urbanity, a social condenser that complements the city life. A possibility to achieve this, to scale down the hybrid, I believe lays in its relations with the built context. Except incurring its sociability, the incorporation within the built context restricts its impact. A way to ensure caution to the urban space is to introduce cultural program. Although not necessarily, cultural program assumes public investment, and it is the public which in the case of urban design encourage a city’s space considerations.

3. SPATIAL BASES PROSTORSKO IZHODIŠČE

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

3.1. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF LJUBLJANA ZGODOVINA PROSTORA LJUBLJANE

HISTORY OF THE CITY OF LJUBLJANA adapted from Korošec, B, Ljubljana skozi stoletja:mesto na načrtih, projektih in stvarnosti,Mladinska kniga,Ljubljana,1991

slika 21_Ljbljana Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia, the center of the political, cultural, industrial, and economical life of the country. Because of its favorable geographical location this area has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The first settlements appeared around 2 000 b.c. in Ljubljana’s marshes. Pile Dwellings were built on pillars inside and along the marshes. later the area had been inhabited by ilirs and kelts. Emona was established in the year 14a.d., on location of today’s ljubljana, with a decree from the Emperor Tiberius. Emona was designed as a roman castrum with the typical axes cardo maximus and decumanus maximus. Inside, the orthogonal street network divided the city into living units. The forum was the center of the city life, with a basilica and city administration placed there, surrounded by trading and catering context. Emona’s layout is still reflected in the urban design of today’s ljubljana. The cardo maximus continues to be the city spine as slovenska cesta, Ravnikar’s Ferantov vrt holds memo-

ry of the basilica and Plečnik reinterpreted part of the southern city wall. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the life of Emona began to decline. In the 6th century, the great migration brought slavs to the balkans. New settlements emerged below the city’s hill and around the eastern wall. Gradually neighborhoods formed around three squares: mestni trg, stari trg and gorni trg. Ljubljana castle was built in the 12th century. In the medieval period the city continued to develop along the river. In 1144 the city first appeared as Laubach, and later as slovenian Lawigana in 1146. In the 13 century, the Habsburgs took over the city naming it Laibach,bringing along city privileges. In the 16th century, after an earthquake in 1511 and a fire in 1524, renovations took place that at the same time extended the city outside the city walls. The Baroque renovation happened in the second half of the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century. in that period the city wall was gradually demolished as the city expanded beyond its borders.

Ljubljana became a capital first in 1809 under Napoleonic governance. But soon the capital privileges were canceled as Ljubljana again became part of the Harsburg’s monarchy. In the 19 century a lot of infrastructure projects took place, the first railway line, the city’s canalization, a street light system, and the riverbed of ljubljanica. In 1895 a catastrophic earthquake occured after which the city was renovated mostly in the secession style. After the fall of the austro-hungarian monarchy and with the formation of the Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (later Yugoslavia), Ljubljana became an administrative and cultural center of the region. Architect Joze Plečnik worked In this period . He built a lot of key projects that defined ljubljana’s architectural identity. Joze Plecnik built the triple-bridge, the nuk building, plečnik’s market, park zvezda, the park along vegova street, žale cemetery, and the park in tivoli, among many others. The city continued to grow, and before 1935 already included šiška, moste and vič. The process of urbanization had continued after

the war, as new modern settlements had been built. soon there were new neighbourhoods in šiška, bežigrad, savsko naselje, stepanjsko naselje, bs3 and fužine. Building this neighborship meant occupying new land and dispersing the city. This process decreased after 1991 when Slovenia gained inddependence and Ljubljana became the capital city of the republic of Slovenia. The change of political and social systems brought changes in the city space as well. The process of densification began. The historical core held administrative, cultural and touristic focus, building the ring road increased accessibility within the city and on the city outskirts shopping centers appeared. All this brought instability to the city space. The condensed historical core with administrative, cultural, and commercial services, modern big scale housing systems occupying land and shopping mall tissue in growth. the next period will see the process of restoring the balance between those units while returning the human scale to everyday city life.

3.2.1. HISTORY OF INTERESTED AREA ZGODOVINA OBMOČJE OBDELAVE

1000

1834

1930

1935

1860

1941

1883

1914

2003

2011 site development

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

The urban defining of the block started with the building Kolizej but the direction of Gosposvetska street (Celovška street) existed since the times of Emona. In the 1800’s the area was primarily intended for agricultural use. Although still outside the city, with the building of Kolizej in 1845 the area was designed with parks complementing the building and connecting it to Tivoli. The railway line in 1849 interrupted that connection with Tivoli but the surrounding parks still remain according to the Kolizej articulation. After the earthquake in 1895 Ljubljana was regulated after Fabiani’s master plan which intended orthogonal ur-

ban blocks for the wider center area of Ljubljana. This is when Kolizej stopped being the start of the urban design and becane caught diagonally within the orthogonal regulation now following the railway line. Before the First World War, urban villas had been built on the southern part of the location. In 1938, Delavski dom was built according to the design of architect Vladimir Mušič. In 2003 a new addition was made to Delavski dom as an office building design by Studio Kalamar. After 8 years, in 2011 Kolizej had been demolished leaving a construction pit still standing today.

3.2.2. HISTORY OF KOLIZEJ ZGODOVINA KOLIZEJA

“Prvi namen je, da bo kasarna v nji,kjer bodo tisti vojaki prebivali, katerim morajo mestni hišni gospodarji stanišče dajati, razun kasarne bo v sredi tega proslopja velik prostor za gledišče. Kaj je pa nam pri ti napravi naj bolj všeč, je da bo ljubljansko mesto poslopje dobilo, kakšniga smo v taki velikosti in lepoti do zdaj pogrešovali” (Urno, kaj je noviga?Koliseum v Ljubljani,kmetijski in rokodelske novice,1845,str76)

HISTORY OF KOLIZEJ adapted from Primer Kolizej,AB arhitektov bilten, let XXXVIII,Ljubljana,2008

slika 22_Kolizej Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

Kolizej (German Coliseum)is a type of a hybrid building first built in Austria in the 19th century. It developed as a response to the demand to host Austrian solders in the cites where they had been travelling. While the primary use of the building had been to host soldiers for a short term, at the same time it contained different shops, restaurants, sports activities, dancing halls and similar spaces. Two of this type of building had been built in Vienna, one in Graz and one in Ljubljana. Because of its location Ljubljana had been a frequent transit point for soldiers, so in 1844 Austrian architect Josef Benedict Withalm suggested to build Kolizej. He suggested to the city council to build Kolizej on his own costs, for 1500 soldiers, following the example of the one in Graz, also built and owned by him. His suggestion also included the institute for military insurance to collect money from the citizens, which otherwise would have been obligated to host the solders themselves. With the promise to build the kolizej, additional services,

park, riding school and restaurant, Joseff Benedict Withalm had been given a building lot outside Ljubljana along todays Čelovška Street. Construction started on 31 may 1845 and by 1846 the housing part had been built, together with the restaurant, the riding school, the garden and the dancing hall. The kolizej reopened in 1848 after repairing the damage from a fire in 1847. When finished, kolizej had 15 000m2, 126 rooms, a restaurant, a pastry, a riding school, a bakery and 6 halls. Kolizej also continued to function successfully after the death of Josed Benedict Withalm in 1865 when it was inherited by his son Josef Viktor Withalm. By that time several military barracks had been built in the area so the need for kolizej to host all the soldiers decreased. After 1886 rooms intended for soldiers had been rented to residents, retailers and craftsmen who adjusted the space according to their needs. The Ljubljana earthquake in 1895 damage kolizej so partial demolition had been needed. In 1899 the ownership of the build-

ing was split between Josef Withalm, Richard Withalm and Johana Pammer. By 1906 kolizej was owned by the company Gebruder Dedhendi Malusa & Co. By 1921 by the family Heinrichar. The process of nationalization of kolizej took place between 1945 and 1960. In the 70s the social structure of kolizej’s residents changed, the new inhabitants didn’t maintain the previous condition, so the building started to decay. In 1993 kolizej was denationalized and declared a monument of local importance. In 1995 one of the supporting pillars collapsed bringing down part of the building. By 2006 all residents were moved out. In 2003 KID, krajinska investment company bought kolizej hoping to demolish it and build a new building there. A constraint had been the temporary declaration of kolizej as a cultural monument of national importance. Finally kolizej was completely demolished in 2011 and although an architectural competition was held in 2004 until now nothing has been built on the location.

3.2.2. HISTORY OF KOLIZEJ ZGODOVINA KOLIZEJA

slika23_ basement

part B

part A

slika28_ section through part C

slika29_ section through part A

part A K+P+2 2400 m2 basement

slika 24_ground floor in the past second half of the 20 centruty

in the past second half of the 20 centruty slika 25_ first floor

part C part D slika 27_longitudinal section

wine cellar storage shop storage workshops ground floor restaurant kitchen retail and services shops first floor

part B K+P+dvorana 4800m2 basement open space for military purposes storage workshops

slika30_ section through part B part C K+P+dvorana 2400m2 basement storage workshops stables workshops office space

ground floor multipurpose hall with auxilary space

ground floor multipurpose hall manege

apartments office spaces

apartments along the hall

first floor

slika31_ section through part D part D K+P+3 1350 m2 basement storage workshops stables workshops storage ground floor office space apartments first floor

in the past

apartments office space

services

office space

second half of the 20 centruty

apartments office space

apartments

apartments along the hall

apartments

shematical presentation of different space use adapted from Primer Kolizej,AB arhitektov bilten, let XXXVIII,Ljubljana,2008

slika 26_ roof

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

Kolizej had been predominantly two story building(three or even four story in some places), elongated prism with risalits on the west and the east side. It had been assembled from four almost separated building units bought together with the facade and the roof structure. It had dinamic floor layout

and rational distribution of programs. In the center part of the building there had been two dancing hall dimensions 42.5m x 16m and 41m x 16m. The public tract had been placed along Gosposvetska street while the residential and service program on the south of the building. Before the fire of 1847

there had been two story arcade corridor on the east and the west facade. The entrance had been from the south facade. The roof construction had been wooden with glass skylights to bring lateral light in the dancing halls.

3.3. SITE FEATURES ZNAČILNOSTI OBMOČJA

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

3.3.1.MORPHOLOGY ANALYSIS MORFOLOŠKA ANALIZA

BUILD SPACE

The old city of Ljubljana has the typical dense morphology of a European medieval city developed following the course of the Ljubljanica river and the city hall. A majority of the tissue is anonymous, created using a repeating basic rule imposed from the direction of the river as a forming rule. In the central northern part the blocks are orthogonal following the Fabiani urban regulation after the earthquake in 1895. The site is located on the edge of old Ljubljana. Just after the small ring road the neighbourhood of Šiška begins. On the northwestern side there is the large open space of Tivoli park, the largest city park from which the site is divided by the railway line and later Bleiweisova street. On the south the block is fragmented with urban villas that break the strong morphology of the surrounding. Delavski dom Tivoli and its later extension border the northwest side with its geometric build to respect that border and make an introduction to the city center. The curve of Delvaski dom Tivoli and the verticality of Hotel Lev treat the crossing as entrance into the center.

OPEN SPACE

The organic medieval tissue has few urban pauses built in it, such as Kongresni and Ribji trg. Beside the built in, there are later interventions that cut the urban tissue and introduce new relations to the city space, such as Trg Republike, Bavarski Dvor, and Ajdovščina. The strongest dominants of open space are Kongresni trg, Prešernov trg and Trg Republike. On the northwest side the Tivoli park is also open space but with a different scale from the urban stops in the morphology of the city. A sequence of open spaces leads to the site, starting from the new space of Slovenska street, Ajdovščina and into the Argentingski park. Argentinski park is one of the strongest borders of the site , with its absence of clear form carries intensive axis from Slovenska street directly into the site. The geometry of Dukičevi bloki and the building of the district court bring definition to the north side of the park

CONNECTIONS

The basic distribution of flow in the area is dictated by the directions of Celovska street, Slovenska street, and the river LJubljanica. Celovska and Slovenska street carry most of the auto traffic and offloaded with Bleiweisova they are part of the input directions of the city network. The railway line, made to connect the city, is withdrawn on the north side limiting the city center and later becoming a dividing element for different layers of the city structure.The site is located on the crossing of Bleiweisova and Gosposvetska street (direction Celovska street), on the other two sides the site has Puharjeva street and Župančičeva street which come as secondary in the city connections system. The most intensive directions defining the site are Gosposvetska street and the axis of Argentinski park. On the northwest side, Bleiweisova street is a intensive direction but the site has enough urban offset to focus its regard on the northeast and southeast side. Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

3.3.2 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ANALIZA STRUKTURE

towards Kamink towards Jesenice

Dunajska street sava Celovska street ljubljana's ring road Stajerska street Smartinska street

towards Zagreb roznik railway station Zaloska street ljubljanica

city hill Trzaska street golovec Barjanska street Doljenska street towards Sezana jubljana's marsh

RAILWAYLINE

NATURAL BORDERS

NATURAL FEATURES

URBAN TISSUE

The city of Ljubljana has been developing within the natural borders of Rožnik hill, Ljubljanica river, the city hill and Golovec hill with the river Sava on the north and the Ljubljana’s marsh on the south. The Ljubljanica river has become one of the strongest defining elements of the city. Once feeding it, today’s Ljubljana lives completely attached to the river. Although completely in the city, the city hill is not absorbed by it, it represents a stop in the city structure. The hills of Golovec and Rožnik are withdrawn into the city with its edges providing for active green space. Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

HIGHWAY

CITIES IMPUT ROADS

In the core of Ljubljana lies the old part with its own strong identity which now works as a connected unit in the city. On different locations different units can be identified with intensive or less intensive connections between themselves and with the old part of Ljubljana. Some of this units are strongly commercial, such as BTC and Rudnik shopping district, some are housing settlements, such as Murgle, Fuzine, Stepansko Naselje, some of the units have different identities and bring different definitions into the city, such as Plečnikove Žale, the railway station and Ljubljana’s fair

STREETS

CONNECTIONS

The connection system of the city is directed by few input directions from the state network. Such as Dunajska street, coming from Vienna, Celovska street, coming from Celovec (Klagenfurt), Stajerska street coming from Stajerska, Slovenia; Smartinska street, Tražška street from Trieste, Barjanska street from Ljubljana’s marshes and Doljenska steet from Doljenska, Slovenia. There is a modern ring road around the city and a small ring road encircling the city center. The railway lines are incorporated within the city with the main railway station on the northern border of the city center.

3.3.3. PERMEABILITY PREPUSTNOST

Urban permeability refers to the density of connection in the urban tissue, the extent to which an environment allows choice of access. The permeability of urban systems is measured by the number of alternative routes it offers, therefore it is a key feature of responsive urban design. The permeability of the city is defined by the size of urban blocks, on a city level, smaller urban blocks increase permeability. Defining the most accessible spaces shows the difference between what’s private and public for the city and connection between them. The urban permeability can also give a sense of the current and potential land use. A disperse grid mostly happens around residential and industrial areas opposed to dense grid around local shopping streets (not referring to shopping malls with car based approach) Ljubljana is the most permeable in the old city, especially along the river, as this part offers the largest number of alternative routes. This richness of choice also contributes to the intensive city life happening there. The great permeability of Ljubljana confirms its walkability.

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

3.3.4 PROGRAM ANALYSIS PROGRAMSKA ANALIZA CULTURE PUBLIC HOUSING

The level to which different programs are mixed is a key quality of the urban life of the city center. Today's old Ljubljana has diverse program offers addressing the city’s inhabitants and visitors. The large number of services offered is what maintains the flows in the old part. The commercial center has been withdrawn from the old Ljubljana to the BTC shopping center. The enrichment with cultural program makes the old part central for different culture-related activities. The site is located on the cultural axis created by Cankarjev dom, the National Museum, the Modern gallery, the Opera house and the National Gallery.

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

4. PROJECT PROJEKT

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

4.1. BUILD CONTEXT CORRELATIONS UMESTITEV V PROSTOR

The building consist of two volumes, a trapezoidal theater with a prism holding the school and apartments on top of it. Following the footprint Kolizej left behind the new volume takes on the diagonal setup in the block lifted above the ground to lower its presence and to allow the open space to flow. O then bottom, the volume of the theater starts as square which is cut with urban lines defining its outdoor space. On the southeast side it respects the line created from the urban villas. On the north-west side it follows the urban line directed by the Delavski dom and its recent extension. On the northeast side the volume of the theater is withdrawn from the street to form a new open space in front of it. This open space has a city scale, it acts as an ending step to the sequence of open spaces from Slovenska street and Argentinski park be

before Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

after

fore the little ring road and the ending of the city center of Ljubljana. The final form of this open space is defined by the new addition proposed for the Delavski dom (which is also intended to finish its urban guest) and the space needed for the evangelical church. Currently, the church doesn’t have any open space, shaping the open space like this, the church is given space in which it can be fully present. The volume of the theater is fully present in Argentinski park and following its axis its presence is noticeable from Slovenska street. Its volume is withdrawn a few meters from the urban line of the villas to make a distinction between its public role and their private role. Following the urban line the new volume of the theater encloses the Argentinski park while becoming its focal point.

4.1. BUILD CONTEXT CORRELATIONS UMESTITEV V PROSTOR

slika 32_tryout_1

slika 33_tryout_2

slika 34_tryout_3

slika 35_tryout_4

slika 36_tryout_5

slika 37_tryout_6

slika 38_tryout_7

slika 39_tryout_8 working model volumes testing

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

4.1. BUILD CONTEXT CORRELATIONS UMESTITEV V PROSTOR Argentinski park has a strong axis carrying a lot of movement from Slovenska to Gosposvetska street, and it has an irregular form shaped by its surrounding buildings that don’t always open onto it. With the new building, Argentinski park receives strong dominance, not just spatially but also programmatically. It encloses it in a clear way while not interrupting its action axis. The new open space formed and Argentinski park now become two open spaces that don’t flow into each other but have a clear communication. The volume of the theater has a height that will prove to be dominant towards the park but does not suffocate it. The height of the new composition is guided by the view from Celovska

perspective view from Celovška street the view on Ljubljana’s castle as height limit

park tivoli

park

nebotičnik

views opportunities

urban villas

street, and the opinion that Ljubljana’s castle should always be present in the view-frame of a person moving from Celovska into the city center. The new open space formed is horizontally articulated by the direction coming from Argentinski park and the income created by the new programs that always open onto it. Vertically, Hotel Lev is the highest point, but it is buffered by the offset of the street. The volume of the theater and the prism have clear difference in height and provide articulation with views of the programs inside. Another level of articulations is provided by the south-west facade of the evangelic church which also brings a different historical and cultural level.

old Ljubljana’s rooftops Ljubljana’s castle

dukičevi blocks

hotel lev church

delvski dom

different building heights in the area

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

build in the 1860s

build in the 1960s

build in the 1970s

build in the 1960s

build in the 1980s

build in the 1970s

build in the 1980s

slika40_model photo helping to define Argentinski park, strong presence and new focus point

slika41_model photo shaping a new open space, clear gesture, fully presence of the church

heights comparison of buildings in Ljubljana Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

4.1. BUILD CONTEXT CORRELATIONS UMESTITEV V PROSTOR

new proposed volume, to finised the urban guest of delavski dom and to define the new open space

new open space infront of the theater building same scale relation between the open space and the theater, formal articulation and chance to sense the inside

continuation of the outside public space into the volume, emphasized by the gesture of the hall withdrawing from the urban line of the villas to make distinction between its public role and their housing the memory of kolizej

axonometric scheme of context correlation Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

4.1. BUILD CONTEXT CORRELATIONS UMESTITEV V PROSTOR

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

4.1. BUILD CONTEXT CORRELATIONS UMESTITEV V PROSTOR

rationalization of the urban geometry and rotation as basic characteristic of preset urban relations

The geometry is rationalized in order to read the basic form clearly and see the built relations in their full strictness. The comparison is done to indicate the urban diagonal as a forming rule leftover from the Kolizej building. The urban block started to form around the Kolizej building, with the front garden opening to Tivoli park. It’s position in the urban tissue was guided only by this connection with the park and Celovška street direction. Later, the railway line interrupted this connection. After the earthquake of 1895, the orthogonal urban design came and caught Kolizej diagonally within the block. Following Kolizej’s form forced the block to reflect the diagonal, so when the Kolizej building was demolished it left a footprint now continued in the project.

different space identification Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

4.2. DESIGN CONCEPT KONCEPT ZASNOVE

Corner apartments 110m

two rooms apartment 52m2 four rooms apartment 105m2

240m2 theater’s and scools’s shared office space 10 x student double room 24m2

theater+school shared activity space 1 257m2 230m2 of school classroom space

10 x student double room 24m2 restaurant 1 161m2

theater’s dressing rooms240m2

100m2 for freetime activities

327setting places theater

axonometric view of the program distribution

1 000m2 exibition space mixed program

enetering foyer 1 328m2 underground garage 213pm program distribution Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

theater

school

apartments

“(kolizej)...nima nobene posebne arhitekturne vrednosti, ampak ima samo “(kolizej)... has no particular architectural value, it оnly has a cultural value kulturno vrednost in je spomin, ki pa ga nova stavba z vsem svojim and represents a memory, which the new building with its entire program programom nekako nadgrajuje.” kind of upgrade it .” (Koželj,2007,RTVSLO)

4.2. DESIGN CONCEPT KONCEPT ZASNOVE

A1 apartment A2 apartment

A3 apartment

Office space

Shared space

Shared space Classrooms Students rooms

Classrooms

toilets

Office space Shared space

Restaurant

Classrooms Students rooms toilets

Kitchen press room

free time activities cloakrooms shared space

housing free time activities

Exhibition space

dressingrooms shared space

entrances+bikerooms

storage wardrobe+toilets

school student rooms theater exibition space restaurant

Theater hall

bar

Entering foyer

entrances+bikerooms

garage

backstage toilets wardrobe scenografy delivery and storage

program occuppancey assemblage > full time building PROGRAM

bike room mechanical room basement space mechanical room

Garage

program organization Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

The mixture of users is a part of the general processes of the hybridization. The relations created combining the different programs together is a key feature to the hybrid working as social condenser open to the city. The successful collaboration and coexisting of programs provides for all day active building. For each program certain limitations are required as each program has certain possibilities for contact. The project address this limitations while providing for new relations on places where programs can comple-

ment each other. The building generally consist of a theater, an acting school with students rooms and three floors of apartments. The highest level of detachment have the apartments, they have separated entrances and contact with the other programs in the urban open space and in the freetime activity space in the cores. The most intertwined are the theater and the school. The school, because of its function asks for near contact in the areas referring to the theater performance. In that manner, the school and the theater

share space for exercises and performance preparation. Their offices are also shared so producers, directors, actors and writers can actively participate in the school activities. This intensive contact brings closer collaboration between the theater and the school benefiting the both. The students rooms are connected with the school but have enough space distance from the classrooms and the theater space. The public space of the theater is separated, put on to the urban open space and well connected to the restaurant floor

4.2. DESIGN CONCEPT KONCEPT ZASNOVE

staircase organization

MOVEMENT DISTRIBUTION

theater visitor





actor

student

movement distribution Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

apartment resident

Four communication cores are distributed along the prism volume. Those cores host the movement for the apartments, the theater and the acting school. While the theater and the school collaborate, the residential part requires separation. In order to provide for two non-connected movements and to avoid the overuse of space for communication cores, “scissor stairs” are used. In this way one communication core consist of two non connected fire separated movement. Sharing a hallway, but never the staircase, the touching between the

movements can be controlled. Traveling to the apartment, an apartment resident can mix with the rest of the program in the spaces for free daily activities and in the garage. The collaboration between the theater and the school can be sensed in its shared access to the lecture rooms, the exercises room, the collaboration space and the offices. At the same time the theater dressing rooms are accessible to the school ( in times when the students host their own show) but still have enough space offset for uninterrupted everyday use.

4.2. DESIGN CONCEPT KONCEPT ZASNOVE

communication core

theater hall volume empty space volume

communication core

volumes distribution Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

VOLUMS The four aligned communication cores, as response to the prism geometry, distribute the movement for the apartments, the acting school, and the theater. In each core there are two separated movements, two staircases and two elevators. The volume of the theater hall partially comes between the central communication cores. The theater hall positioned like so, has a section geometry that relates to the open urban space, as a same-scale

gesture, also it uses “the dark space” between the cores. Positioning the hall centrally it becomes a generator for the theater organization, as one unit completely and intensely present in all floors. It generates small volumes of empty space that articulate the floors, recognize the hall and connect the programs vertically. Along the sides of the theater hall volume two communication cores are preset, intended for theater visitors

4.3. CONSTRUCTION DESIGN ZASNOVA KONSTRUKCIJE

the building is constructed of 4 different systems

4 different construction systems

4 different construction systems+ the prism dilatated

The building is an assemblage of four different construction systems and six construction units. The units follow the different geometries and requirements of the systems. The building is divided) into: a blue unit (the public space of the theater and the shared school spaces),

a red unit (the apartment block, the school and the entrances), a green unit (the offices and the theater dressing rooms) and an orange unit (access street in the garage) All of the units are dilated between them and the red unit is dilated also on 3 parts.

4.3. CONSTRUCTION DESIGN ZASNOVA KONSTRUKCIJE

steel beams HEA 300 steel columns HEA 500

hi bond slab 20cm reinforced concrete wall to brighe the theater hall planar howe steel truss 300x200mm

rainforced concrete core

rainforced concrete slab 20cm steel circular column filled with reinforced concrete concrete reinforced slab 20cm concrete reinforced wall 160x30cm

steel beam HEA 1000

concrete reinforced beam 50x100cm

garage peripheral wall 50cm steel beam HEA 1000 This unit is a concrete frame structure of reinforced concrete supports 160 x 30 cm, concrete reinforced beams 40cm x 30cm and slab 20 cm thick. This unitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s structure continues through 5 floors over ground, and when in the garage, it extends between the cores of the red unit. On the first garage floor, in the center of this unit truck access is planned and so the span of 15m is bridged with steel beam HEA 1000. The orange unit is only under the ground, two floors, as access street in the garage. On one side it has the garage supporting wall and on the other reinforced concrete columns. As the span that needs to be bridged is 12 meters, a reinforced concrete beam with section 50cm x 100cm is used. The system is founded on a combination of concrete footings and a singular concrete foundation

This unit is a combination of systems, it has concrete cores, a steel frame structure and a steel planar truss. The concrete cores continue to the garage, and hold the first floor on 10.50m height. The first and the second floor of the red unit are the floors of the school, they have a planar steel truss construction with the height of both floors together. The top three floors are the apartments and they have steel frame construction with combination of HEA 500 columns and HEA 300 beams. Hi bound slab is used, 20 cm thick. To bridge the volume of the theater hall a load carrying wall is extended over the entire width of the hall with its supporting walls continuing to the ga-

This unit is a reinforced concrete frame structure holding the volume of the theater hall which partially comes between the communication cores of the red unit. The theater has two parallel concrete walls that continue into the garage. The rest of the space is held within the frame structure on a grid of 8m x 8m. The columns have a steel circular section filled with reinforced concrete, this section is chosen to avoid undesirable thinness of the columns in the spaces which are almost always higher than 3m. The floors are divided by concrete a slab with thickness of 20cm. The system is founded on a combination of concrete footings and a singular concrete foundation, both 60cm wide and 1m high.

4.4. MATERIALS USED UPORABLJENI MATERIJALI

layering and assumption as principle for the facade of the theater

slika 42

concrete

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steel

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expanded mesh

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slika 50

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perforated fasade panel

glass

materials chosen for the building

slika 47

slika 48

slika 49

material map of the site

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

slika 52

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There is large variety of materials present on the site. Different buildings with different historical and urban relevance bring intensity to the material map. The most widely present is plaster, but it’s atmosphere is disrupted by the amount of glass present in the facade of the hotel Lev and the specific intensity brought by the red sheet-metal covered with glass of of the office building Lev. The extension of Delavski dom Tivoli has metal panels in colour and a structured glass facade towards the park. Turning away from the view of the street the atmosphere is balanced by the greenery present in a large scale in the Argentinski park. The materials of the building are chosen according to its structure, program and relations to the surroundings.The theater is a glass volume covered with panels of extruded metal mesh except for the ground floor where its inception allows for a stronger relation with the park and the open space in-front while inviting people in. The extruded metal mesh creates diffuse, faded light inside without interrupting the view. Seen from the outside, the mesh covered facades present a continuous background for the activated entrance front while not

being ignorant . Levels of semi-transparency are created by the mesh which allow for the users of the outside space to have a glimpse of whats going on inside. It also encourages assumptions about the inside tectonics, especially for the volumes of the hall, the stairs and the double-height areas. The north-west side of the theater has a vertically structured facade guided by it’s construction grid and the openings which adjust to the amount of light needed for the different internal programs. The prism carrying the school and the apartments is based on strong concrete cores which are left rough to stress their role in the construction which is also readable from the north-west side. The school has a double glass facade which enables easy communication with the outside and allows for instant reading of the public program. The apartments face the outside with perforated facade panels which on the south-east side are placed over a line-designed balcony. The position of the panels is adjustable so the users can decide the amount of light they want inside. This movement of the panels brings a dynamic to the facade and an ever-changing picture of the building.

4.5. FIREZASNOVA SAFETY DESIGN POŽARNE VARNOSTI



 



fire safety design section division and firetruck accessibility Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

According to technical guideline TSG-1-001:2010 the use of the building is classified between 112 apartment building, 121 restaurant building, 1261 building for culture and entertainment, 1263 education and scientific research building and 1242 garage building. In case of fire there is no danger of fire expansion to the neighboring buildings . Article 2.11.6 from the technical guideline direct to MHHR German guidelines for high-rise buildings (more than 22m) which requires usage of fire resistant facade materials. When determining the maximum load capacity of the load-bearing structure the highest requirements need to be respected. In the case of

the apartment building, that is R60, the same as for restaurant building, building for culture and entertainment and education and scientific research building. For the garage building the request is R30. Respecting the highest request, the building must have R60 load capacity of the structure, which means that in case of fire the load-bearing structure must stand for 60 min. Expansion of the fire throughout the building is prevented with fire resistant building elements and division of the building in fire sections. The integrity (E) and the insulation (I) of building elements are important for the effectiveness of the fire sections. As for the load capacity, the appropriate integrity and insulation is chosen

based on the highest value demanded, in this case EI30. The building is divided into 101 fire sections. In the second floor of the garage, there is a built-in fire resistant barrier, that in the case of fire will divide the garage in two sectors. In the entire building AJP ( system for fire detection and alarming) is builtin, according to the technical guideline VdS2095 and the standard SIST EN 54. Since the building has a large number of users, when building the AJP system the guideline of MVStatt V needs to be respected too. In the entire building, except for the apartments, a sprinkler system, according to SIS EN 12845, is built-in. As it is a large scale building, intended for large number of users, the sectors of the building need to be equipped with systems for mechanical

smoke extraction and over-pressure smoke control. The evacuation paths are separated according to the user groups. For the theater and restaurant visitors, and restaurant employees, two fire safe staircases are intended along with three exits on the ground floor. The school, the apartments and parts of the theater use four fire safe staircases that lead them to exterior space. All doors on the evacuation path open outwards, towards the direction of the exit route. The building is accessible by firetrucks from Gosposvedska street from its southeast and northwest side. From Župančičeva street the building is accessible on its southeast side.

4.6. INSTALATIONS INSTALACIJE

The building is connected to public utility infrastructure for water supply, electricity supply, sewerage and waste management. For the installations, vertical shafts are provided, as well as lowered ceilings and technical rooms in the basement floors. Mechanical installations are provied for heating, cooling, air conditioning, water supply, sewerage and fire safety systems. For the heating and cooling of the building a heat pump is intended. Precalculated requirements estimate the number and the depth of the wells required. The heat pump is reversible so it can be used for heating in winter and cooling in summer. The spaces are heated/cooled trought a system of floor heating and floor convectors. The heat pump also provides heated sanitary water. meteoric water flows

into rainwater accumulators for later use. The air conditioning is accomplished mechanically, except for the apartments and the dressing rooms of the theater which are ventilated naturally. The air conditioning devices are placed in the basement floor and the distribution pipes run through the vertical shafts and the lowered ceilings. The garage space is ventilated according to the presence of CO. All the exhaust outlets run to the roof. The theater hall is ventilated separately by a system of devices for injection of fresh air located under the seats and devices for capturing exhaust air in the ceiling. The injection of fresh air for the other spaces happens through piping in the lowered ceilings and the capturing of exhaust air through the floor convectors.

4.7. PROJECT DRAWINGS NAČRTI

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

4.7.1 THE SITE

M=1:1000

4.7.2. THE SITE

M=1:500

4.7.3. FLOOR LEVEL 0.00

M=1:200

4.7.4. FLOOR LEVEL 5.60 AND 3.60

M=1:200

4.7.5. FLOOR LEVEL 10.60

M=1:200

4.7.6. FLOOR LEVEL 14.60

M=1:200

4.7.7. FLOOR LEVEL 18.60

M=1:200

4.7.8. FLOOR LEVEL -5.80

M=1:200

4.7.9

M=1:200

FLOOR LEVEL -8.80

4.7.10. SECTION A_A

M=1:200

4.7.11. SECTION B_B

M=1:200

4.7.12. FACADE SOUTHEAST

M=1:200

4.7.13. FACADE NORTHEAST

M=1:200

4.7.14. FACADE SOUTHWEST

M=1:200

FACADE NORTHWEST 4.7.15.

M=1:200

4.7.16. FACADE DETAIL

M=1:20

4.7.2 THE SITE M=1:1000

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Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

ulica

4.7.2 THE SITE M=1:500

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a ul

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eis

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Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

puha

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s ce

hydraulic platform bar

M=1:200

B1 B1_4 B1_5 B1_6 B1_7

COMMUNICATION CORE STORAGE ENTRANCE_SCHOOL INFO THEATER ENTRANCE_APPARTMENTS

49.75m2 8.10m2 30.64m2 41.89m2 30.64m2

B4 B4_4 B4_5 B4_6 B4_7

COMMUNICATION CORE STORAGE ENTRANCE_APPARTMENTS BIKEROOM ENTRANCE_SCHOOL

49.86m2 7.90m2 30.64m2 41.50m2 30.64m2

B3 B3_3 B3_4 B3_5 B3_6 B3_7

COMMUNICATION CORE STORAGE ENTRANCE_THEATER+SCHOO BIKEROOM ENTRANCE_APARTMENTS BIKEROOM

49.77m2 7.90m2 38.99m2 41.94m2 38.99m2 92.12m2

B2 B2_3 B2_4 B2_5 B2_6

COMMUNICATION CORE STORAGE ENTRANCE_APARTMENTS BIKEROOM ENTRNCE_THEATER+SCHOOL

49.86m2 7.98m2 41.10m2 41.94m2 38.99m2

G1_1 G1_2 G1_3 G1_4

STAGE+HALL BACKSTAGE TOILETS MAKE UP ROOM

325.81m2 114.13m2 28.58m2 19.48m2

H1_1 H1_2 H1_3 H1_4 H1_5 H1_6 H2_1 H2_2

ENTERING FOYER ENTRANCE ENTRANCE WARDROBE WARDROBE TOILETS ENTRANCE_BAR STORAGE_BAR

1328.53m2 19.26m2 29.23m2 58.67m2 21.71m2 78.05m2 13.43m2 30.10m2

COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE

36.67m2 41.88m2

razstavni prostor

4.7.4 FLOOR LEVEL 5.60 AND 3.60 M=1:200

B1 B1_1 B1_2 B1_3

COMMUNICATION CORE FREETIME ACTIVITIES TOILET STORAGE

49.86m2 104.80m2 2.60m2 13.32m2

B4 B4_1 B4_2 B4_3

COMMUNICATION CORE FREETIME ACTIVITIES TOILET STORAGE

47.72m2 104.8m2 2.64m2 13.32m2

B3 COMMUNICATION CORE B3_1 STORAGE B3_2 STORAGE

36.56m2 7.08m2 27.00m2

B2 B2_1 B2_2 E1_1 E1_2 E1_3 E1_4

COMMUNICATION CORE STORAGE STORAGE EXIBITION STORAGE WARDROBE TOILETS

31.80m2 25.41m2 27.00m2 1053.16m2 96.77m2 44.63m2 51.59m2

F1_1 F1_2 F2_1 F2_2 F2_3 F3_1

PUBLIC SPACE TOILETS DRESSINGROOM DRESSINGROOM DRESSINGROOM STORAGE

179.23m2 12.10m2 40.43m2 50.36m2 48.50m2 30.91m2

COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE

36.66m2 41.95m2

C1_1 C1_3 C1_4 C1_5

PUBLIC SPACE PUBLIC SPACE PUBLIC SPACE PUBLIC SPACE

C2_7 CLASSROOM C2_8 CLASSROOM C2_9 CLASSROOM C2_10CLASSROOM C2_11CLASSROOM

51.77m2 34.43m2 66.36m2 29.80m2 48.97m2

C4_2TOILETS C4_3 TOILETS

25.43m2 75.36m2

C5_1 STUDENT'S ROOM

24.68m2

C6_1 C6_2 C6_3 C6_4

OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE PUBLIC SPACE

23.77m2 50.73m2 51.33m2 69.25m2

B1 B2 B3 B4

COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE

66.54 66.54 66.54 66.54 36.66m2 41.80m2

D1_1 D2_1 D2_2 D3_1

RESTAURANT KITCHEN CLOAKROOM TOILETS

D4_1 PRE-ROOM D4_2 PRESSROOM

4.7.5 FLOOR LEVEL 10.60 M=1:200

49.34m2 96.94m2 49.54m2 37.55m2

COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE

1161.53m2 174.29m2 24.32m2 37.76m2 19.09m2 58.85m2 54.40m2 30.56m2

4.7.6 FLOOR LEVEL 14.60 M=1:200

C1_1 C1_2 C1_3 C1_4

PUBLIC SPACE PUBLIC SPACE PUBLIC SPACE PUBLIC SPACE

49.34m2 951.92m2 96.94m2 49.54m2

C2_1 C2_2 C2_3 C2_4 C2_5 C2_6 C2_7

CLASSROOM CLASSROOM CLASSROOM CLASSROOM CLASSROOM CLASSROOM CLASSROOM

52.27m2 50.34m2 51.31m2 51.29m2 61.05m2 79.66m2 338.17m2

C3_1 BAR STORAGE

54.27m2

C4_2 TOILETS C4_3 TOILETS

24.97m2 25.47m2

C5_1 STUDENT'S ROOM

25.23m2

C6_1 C6_2 C6_3 C6_4

OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE PUBLIC SPACE

23.77m2 51.04m2 49.45m2 183.39m2

B1 B2 B3 B4

COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE

66.54m2 66.54m2 66.54m2 66.54m2 25.42m2 25.42m2

B1 COMMUNICATION CORE 55.19m2 B1_1 SHARED STORAGE 5.4m2 A1 APARTMENT corridor 10.32m2 bedroom 1 28.00m2 bedroom 2 13.28m2 kitchen, dining room and living room 35.70m2 bathroom 4.50m2 toilet 1.64m2 utility 2.10m2 terrace 14.56m2 110.10m2 B2 COMMUNICATION CORE 55.19m2 B2_1 SHARED STORAGE 5.4m2 A2

APARTMENT corridor bedroom kitchen, dining room and living room bathroom

B3 COMMUNICATION CORE B3_1 SHARED STORAGE A3

4.7.7 FLOOR LEVEL 25.60 M=1:200

5.67m2 14.94m2 27.20m2 4.79m2 52.06m2 55.19m2 5.4m2 52.60m2

APARTMENT corridor 12.01m2 bedroom 1 12.25m2 bedroom 2 12.25m2 bedroom 3 13.28m2 kitchen, dining room and living room 33.75m2 bathroom 4.71m2 toilet 2.09m2 utility 1.48m2 terrace 14.04m2 105.86m2 B4 COMMUNICATION CORE 55.19m2 B4_1 SHARED STORAGE 5.4m2

4.7.8 FLOOR LEVEL -5.80 M=1:200

B1 COMMUNICATION CORE B1_8 ENTRANCE_SCHOOL B1_9 GARBAGE ROOM B1_10ENTRANCE_APPARTMENTS B1_11BIKEROOM

28.50m2 6.72m2 10.36m2 5.80m2 120.89m2

B4 COMMUNICATION CORE B4_8 ENTRANCE_APPARTMENTS B4_9 GARBAGE ROOM B4_10ENTRANCE_SCHOOL

28.50m2 6.72m2 10.35m2 5.94m2

B3 COMMUNICATION CORE B3_8 ENTRANCE_THEATER+SCHOOL B3_9 GARBAGE ROOM B3_10ENTRANCE_APPARTMENTS

28.50m2 5.86m2 10.35m2 5.86m2

B2 B2_7 B2_8 B2_9

COMMUNICATION CORE ENTRANCE_APARTMENTS GARBAGE ROOM ENTRANCE_THEATER+SCHOOL

28.50m2 6.72m2 10.36m2 5.86m2

I1_1 I1_2 I2_1 I2_2 I2_3 I2_4

GARAGE MECHANICAL ROOM SCENOGRAFY DELIVERY SCENOGRAFY DELIVERY SPACE UNDER THE SCENE SCENOGRAFY STORAGE

5566.85m2 120.89m2 120.89m2 89.49m2 295.94m2 120.89m2

COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE

36.67m2 41.88m2

I1_3 I1_4 I1_5 I2_3

GARAGE MECHANICAL ROOM MECHANICAL ROOM SPACE UNDER THE SCENE

5438.84m2 127.05m2 24.36m2 295.94m2

COMMUNICATION CORE COMMUNICATION CORE

36.19m2 41.79m2

4.7.9FLOOR LEVEL -8.80 M=1:200

B1 COMMUNICATION CORE B1_12ENTRANCE_SCHOOL B1_13STORAGE B1_14ENTRANCE_APPARTMENTS B1_15CORRIDOR B1_16BASEMENT

29.13m2 9.96m2 17.07m2 9.92m2 31.78m2 6.45m2

B4 COMMUNICATION CORE B4_11ENTRANCE_APPARTMENTS B4_12STORAGE B4_13ENTRANCE_SCHOOL B4_14CORRIDOR B4_15BASEMENT

29.13m2 9.96m2 11.04m2 9.96m2 31.78m2 6.30m2

B3 COMMUNICATION CORE B3_11ENTRANCE_APPARTMENTS B3_12STORAGE B3_13ENTRANCE_THEATER+SCHOOL B3_14CORRIDOR B3_15BASEMENT

29.13m2 9.96m2 17.04m2 9.96m2 31.78m2 6.30m2

B2 COMMUNICATION CORE B2_10ENTRANCE_APARTMENTS B2_12ENTRANCE_THEATER+SCHOOL B2_13CORRIDOR B2_14BASEMENT

29.12m2 9.93m2 9.96m2 31.78m2 6.30m2

4.7.10 SECTION A_A M=1:200

4.7.11 SECTION B_B M=1:200

4.7.12 FACADE SOUTHEAST M=1:200

4.7.13 FACADE NORTHEAST M=1:200

4.7.14 FACADE SOUTHWEST M=1:200

4.7.15 FACADE NORTHWEST M=1:200

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

3cm 8.5cm 4cm 20cm 40cm+2cm

2.5cm 2.5cm 8.5cm 4cm 20cm 40cm+2cm

4cm 2cm 6cm 10cm 0.5cm 20cm

6cm 20cm 30cm

PROTEUS SC EXTRUDED MESH PANEL

2cm

Z_2 kontinuirana termoizolacijska zastaklitev 2.8cm ALU profili,sistem:strojka-prečka 105x50mm ALMONT FASADA SISTEM AF50/SK

T_1 6cm estrih 12cm mineralna volna polmer bitumenska 1 slojna folija 0.5cm 30cm AB plošča 30cm komprimiran gramoz

T_ 2 estrih AB plošča prostor za intstalacije

T_8 3cm poliran beton cementnim estrih s talnim gretjem 9cm 0.5cm parna zapora 10cm ekstrudirani polistiren 20cm AB plošča

T_7 plošče iz pranega betona cementna malta estrih ekstrudirani polistiren polimerbitumenska folija 1 slojna AB plošča

T_3 3cm poliran beton cementnim estrih s talnim gretjem 8.5cm 4cm ekstrudirani polistiren 20cm AB plošča 40cm+2cm obešen strop

T_4 kamen cementnim estrih s talnim gretjem ekstrudirani polistiren AB plošča obešen strop

T_5 parket vezana plošča cementnim estrih s talnim gretjem ekstrudirani polistiren AB plošča obešen strop

Z_3 kontinuirana termoizolacijska zastaklitev 2.8cm ALU profili,sistem:strojka-prečka 105x50mm ALMONT FASADA SISTEM AF50/SK

T_6 vegetacijski sloj XEROflor XF 301 1cm filc XEROflor XL 159 8-16cm pran prodec frakcije 200g/m² PP filc 6cm ekstrudirani polistiren polmer bitumenska 2 slojna folija 1cm 10cm ekstrudirani polistiren 0.5cm parna zapora 4cm estrih v naklonu 1% 20cm AB plošča 40cm+2cm obešen strop NORDIK ODDTOČNI ELEMENT

T_1

T_2

T_8

T_3

T_4

T_5

NEOBDELAN BETON

JEKLENO SIDRO

T_6

Z_3

Z_2

T_7

DRENAŽA

PREKLOPITEV HIDROIZOLACIJE

Z_1 čepasta folija ekstrudiran polistiren polimerbitumenska folija AB stena

ZT plošče iz pranega betona cementna malta estrih podolžni beton v nakolnu 1% komprimiran gramoz

ALUMINIJAST U PROFIL

ZAKLJUČNA MASKA ALU PLOČEVINA 2mm

ALU PROFIL 105X50MM ALMONT FASADA SISTEM AF50/SK

PROTEUS ALUMINIUM MULLION 60X125mm

PROTEUS MESH J BRACKET

TALNI KONVENTORJ

ALUMINIJAST KOTNIK L PROFIL

ALUMINIJAST U PROFIL

PROTEUS SC EXTRUDED MESH

kontinuirana termoizolacijska zastaklitev, ALU profili, sistem:strojka-prečka 3mm

JEKLENO SIDRO ALMONT FASADA SISTEM AF50/SK

PREKLOPITEV HIDROIZOLACIJE

ALU PLOČEVINA 2mm

10cm 0.5cm 50cm

4cm 2cm 6cm 10cm 30cm

4.7.16 FACADE DETAIL M=1:20

4.8. SPATIAL VIEWS PROSTORSKI PRIKAZI

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

4.8. SPATIAL VIEWS PROSTORSKI PRIKAZI

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

4.8. SPATIAL VIEWS PROSTORSKI PRIKAZI

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

4.8. SPATIAL VIEWS PROSTORSKI PRIKAZI

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

4.9. MODEL MAKETA

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

BIBLIOGRAPHY VIR IN LITERATURA Literatura

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Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska

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-Fenton, J. (1985) Pamphlet Architecture 11: Hybrid Buildings, New York: Princeton Architectural Press. -Fernandez-Per, A.,Mozas, J., (2011) This is Hybrid. Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain:a+t architecture publishers -Korošec, B. (1991) Ljubljana skozi stoletja:mesto na načrtih, projektih in stvarnosti. Ljubljana:Mladinska kniga -Koželj, J. (2008) Arhitektura mesta-urbanistično oblikovanje: delovno gradivo za nova skripta. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za arhitekturo Mihelič,B. (1983) Urbanistični razvoj Ljubljane. Ljubljana:Partizanska kniga -(2008) Primer Kolizej,AB arhitektov bilten, let XXXVIII, št: 179-180 -Uršič, M.Hočevar, М. (2007) Protiurbanosti kot način življenja.Ljubljana: Fakuleta za družbene vede. -Tehnična smernica TSG-1-001:2010, Uradni list RS, št: 102/04 -Pravilnik o minimalnih tehničnih zahtevah za graditev stanovanjskih stavvb in stanovanj, Uradni list RS, št1/2011

Izjava o avtorstvu Podpisana Eva Vasileska izjavjam, da sem avorica te magistrske naloge s naslovom Idejna zasnova hibridne stavbe na lokaciji nekdanjega Kolizeja v Ljubljani ki sem jo izdelala pod mentorstvom prof. Jurija Kobeta in asis. Roka Žnidaršiča in zagovarjala dne 23.06.2016

Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za arhitekturo Eva Vasileska