Fish Farmer Magazine July 2016 by Fish Farmer Magazine

Fish Farmer VOLUME 39

Serving worldwide aquaculture since 1977

NUMBER 07

JULY 2016

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HEALTH MATTERS

BREXIT

INDUSTRY PIONEER

BLUEFIN REVOLUTION

How global cooperation helps control gill disease

What will it mean for the sector in Britain?

Aquaculture ambassador spreads the word

Farming solution to Japanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tuna stocks

July Cover.indd 2

04/07/2016 09:12:04

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Contents 4-14 News

What’s happening in aquaculture in the UK and around the world

16-17 Brexit

JENNY HJUL – EDITOR

Out and about

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com www.fishupdate.com

Meet the team

Editorial Advisory Board: Steve Bracken, Scott Landsburgh, Hervé Migaud, Patrick Smith and Jim Treasurer Editor: Jenny Hjul Designer: Andrew Balahura Advertising Manager: William Dowds wdowds@fishupdate.com Advertising Executive: Dave Edler dedler@fishupdate.com Publisher: Alister Bennett

Tel: +44(0) 131 551 1000 Fax: +44(0) 131 551 7901 email: jhjul@fishupdate.com Head Office: Special Publications, Fettes Park, 496 Ferry Road, Edinburgh, EH5 2DL

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Welcome - July.indd 3

Introduction

42-43 Health SSPO

18-19 ASSG

Future vision

20-21 EAS preview

Retail perspective

22-25 Industry Pioneer David Corrigan

Scottish Salmon Company

46-47 Health MSD

Asian expo

26-27 AquaVision

56-57 Canada

28-29 AquaVision

58-61 Japan

Looking ahead

Blue revolution

Coastal growth

Bluefin farming

30-31 AquaVision

Collective action

32-33 AquaVision Fish free feed

62 Processing news Grimsby jobs

63-65 Aqua Source Directory

Subscriptions Address: Wyvex

UK Subscriptions: £75 a year ROW Subscriptions: £95 a year including postage- All Air Mail

44-45 Health

55 Retail & Market News

Subscriptions

Media, FREEPOST RTEY YUBG TYUB, Trinity House, Sculpins Lane, WethersCover: Tuna enclosures in Japan. Picture field, Braintree, Essex CM7 4AY by Bonnie Waycott Tel: +44 (0) 1371 851868

Printed in Great Britain for the proprietors Wyvex Media Ltd by Headley Brothers Ltd, Ashford, Kent ISSN 0262-9615

36-37 Health

What next?

his issue went to press a week after Britain voted to leave the European Union, a decision that will affect the aquaculture industry here - though how, we don’t yet know. We hope to bring more of an insight into the changed landscape in the months ahead, but a few brave individuals, including our regular columnists Phil Thomas and Nick Joy, were prepared to share their initial thoughts as events unfolded. Someone else who is not lost for words is our pioneer this month, Marine Harvest’s David Corrigan. The manager of Ardnish research site may be retiring from his day job, but he will still be promoting fish farming, as he has done throughout his 32-year career, and would like to see the sector do more to raise its profile. This was also a theme at the AquaVision conference, which attracted aquaculture leaders from around the world to Stavanger in June. Another was the importance of disease control in growth and expansion. We take up this subject in our health feature, with experts from some of the biggest salmon companies discussing the current challenges to fish health, and possible solutions. Perhaps the most over used word at AquaVision was ‘collaboration’ but the message was clear: the industry must work together to become more competitive. And that is exactly what Scotland’s farmers and researchers are now doing, pooling both intellectual and financial resources in the latest cleaner fish initiative. We wish them every success.

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Contents – Editor’s Welcome

Find all you need for the industry

34-35 AquaVision

Innovation award

66 Opinion

By Nick Joy

04/07/2016 09:19:42

United Kingdom News

NEWS...

Seal deterrent scoops £100,000 prize A COMPANY pioneering a high tech seal deterrent has won a £100,000 prize in a Scottish innovation competition. The Scottish Edge awards, aimed at identifying and supporting Scotland’s up-andcoming innovative and entrepreneurial talent, invited Oban based OTAQ to pitch at the ﬁnals of the event in Edinburgh in June where over £1.27million in grants and loans was awarded. Commercial director

ing sites. From 239 original applicants, just 22 of Scotland’s most promising entrepreneurs were invited to pitch their businesses to an expert panel of judges in order to win up to £100,000 each in grant funding and loans. Just 15 of the start-up and growth Above: A sealFENCE system is installed in a site near Portree; stage businesses were Below: Chris Hyde from OTAQ with Sir Tom Hunter successful, with only OTAQ and two othChris Hyde led the SealFENCE which uses ers awarded the full firm’s pitch on its underwater acoustic amount applied for. launch product, a detechnology to prevent Hyde said: ‘This terrent system called seals from attackaward is going to make a major difference to our company and will mean that we can accelerate our export plans significantly, introduce our product to more markets and recruit more staff this year. ‘Our company vision is to become world AVAILABLE IN RATINGS leaders in aquacul15HP, 20HP, 25HP, 30HP ture technology and specifically in acoustic products such as

predator control and monitoring systems. ‘Our key area of expertise lies within underwater acoustics and sonar and we intend to build a reputation as experts in this ﬁeld within our industry.’ Evelyn McDonald, CEO of Scottish EDGE, said: ‘We’re absolutely delighted to be able to support OTAQ as part of our eighth competition round.’ She said the judges were impressed with the high standard of the pitch and see great potential in OTAQ’s product. Sir Tom Hunter, renowned Scottish entrepreneur and philanthropist, said: ‘Some 100 per cent of the net new jobs in the UK will come from businesses less than ﬁve years old – the winners at Scottish Edge are the job crea-

tors of today. ‘We need to invest in them and nurture them in any way we can to build our economy and to provide the quality jobs our people deserve. ‘We need to build a far greater pipeline of high growth businesses if Scotland is to succeed. Scottish Edge is one critical element of that pipeline and I commend all the entrants – not winners yet – and the winners for their commitment to building great entrepreneurial businesses.’ Hyde added: ‘The entire Scottish Edge experience has been invaluable. The process and feedback from the judges has really made us focus on our business and how best to communicate what it does; this has put us in very strong position for achieving our vision.’

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UK news.indd 4

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04/07/2016 09:28:30

All the latest industry news from the UK

Further success for top aquaculture apprentice FOLLOWING on from her success in the recent Lantra awards, Hayley Eccles has just been awarded Best Modern Apprentice Aquaculture Student by the University of Highlands and Islands (UHI). Hayley, who works as a freshwater technician on Scottish Sea Farms’ Couldoran site, was presented with her award at a ceremony at UHI on June 23, much to the delight of her tutor Murray Stark and her SSF site manager Niall McCallum. Stark had nominated Hayley for her outstanding assessment material for her Level 3 and this was from a group of 50 students. Hayley said: ‘I have really enjoyed the course and never really expected anything like this, especially after the other recent award. ‘It has been such a benefit to me just doing the course and I now feel totally justified choosing aquaculture as my career. ‘I spent many years working in the retail sector, which was not nearly so well rewarded or satisfying.’ Hayley was also chosen to be among a select group of 11 people who met HRH Prince Charles on his visit to Attadale Estate on June 24. The Duke of Rothesay, as he is known in Scotland, was visiting the River Carron project, led by Bob Kindness, jointly funded by the University and Scottish Sea Farms among others. Hayley’s tutor Murray was also in the group.

Above: Hayley Eccles from Scottish Sea Farms meets Prince Charles

Salmon company sponsors fete race THE Scottish Salmon Company (SSC) has announced extended sponsorship of the Shieldaig Coastal Rowing Regatta as part of its wider support for communities in the west coast of Scotland and the Hebrides. The boat race - part of the annual Shieldaig Fete weekend - was resurrected last year following the surge in popularity of coastal rowing and sees teams take part in

a unique race around Shieldaig Island. Set up in 1980, the highly anticipated fete weekend captures the community spirit with live music, fresh seafood stalls, BBQs, beer tents and a raft race, before culminating with an open air street ceilidh on the sea front. Craig Anderson, managing director of the Scottish Salmon Company, said: ‘Supporting the rural communities in

PROUD SUPPORTERS We are committed to encouraging health and wellbeing through sport across the region

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UK news.indd 5

which we live and work across the Highlands and Islands is at the heart of our business. ‘We are committed to encouraging health and wellbeing through sport across the region and are proud to be continuing our support of the Shieldaig Regatta in its second year.’ Event spokesman and local fisherman Ruairidh MacLennan welcomed the sponsorship: ‘The boom in Scottish coastal rowing seemed the perfect way to resurrect the boat race and the inaugural event was a huge success, particularly with the spike in local interest in our own community boat build. ‘The support from the Scottish Salmon Company has been vital in setting up the regatta and contributing to the build costs of the Shieldaig community skiff and we’re delighted that they will continue to support the event this year.’ Taking place on August 6, the regatta will see

rowing clubs from across Scotland compete in a series of five races, with the club accruing most points over all races being crowned the

champions. The races all follow the same course over a distance of around 2.5km, starting from the shore in front of Shieldaig

village, circumnavigating Shieldaig Island in an anti-clockwise direction, and ending at a finish line marked just off the shore.

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04/07/2016 09:28:57

United Kingdom News

Oban fish farmer wins M&S award A FISH farm manager for Scottish Sea Farms has been recognised for his outstanding contribution to sustainable farming and crowned as Young Producer at this year’s M&S Farming for the Future awards. Andrew MacLeannan, 27, of Fiunary, Oban, won the award for his role in managing the supply of Lochmuir salmon to M&S, as well as for his ongoing commitment to preserving the local marine environment. Above: Victoria McDowell and Andrew MacLeannan, both of Scottish Sea Farms Scottish Sea Farms has also been awarded £500,000 to a variety opportunity available June 23. MacLeannan the Rural Communities of different causes and started working for to him, and in a short Award for its Heart of has benefited around space of time he has SSF just four years the Community Trust 27,000 people living also gained a variety of ago as a trainee in fish (HCT) set up in 2011, in largely rural, coastal husbandry and has professional developwhich helps support communities. quickly worked his way ment qualifications, local charitable and The awards were including those in fish through the ranks. community initiatives. presented at the His ambitious attitude health, fish feed and To date, the HCT has Royal Highland Show in has seen him eagerly nutrition, and business distributed more than Edinburgh on Thursday, grasp every training management. He has also collaborated with other farm managers in the area and a specialist net company to secure the production of a uniquely designed net and weighting system,

which enables them to be cleaned easily and thoroughly. This has ensured that hygiene among his fish is as high as possible and minimises the risk of fish infection. Despite the challenging location of the farm and potential biological threats posed by other sea species in the area, the judges were impressed with his strong understanding of fish biology and his creation of a safe and productive environment in which salmon can thrive. They were also impressed with his passion for the industry and his dedication to learning and professional development. M&S Farming for the Future is a programme

“His

leadership skills make him a deserving winner”

of initiatives which champions sustainability and innovation. Steve Mclean, M&S Head of Agriculture and Fisheries, said: ‘Every year it becomes even harder to choose the winners, as each individual on our shortlist has gone the extra mile to set them apart from the competition. ‘I’d like to take this opportunity to congratulate Andrew and his team for the forward thinking approach and dedication to farming excellence. His proactive attitude and leadership skills make him a deserving winner.’ Victoria McDowell, SSF commercial manager, said after winning the Rural Communities award: ‘This is great recognition for a very special scheme. HCT focuses on the 27,000 plus people it has benefited more so than the sums of cash donated and we are delighted to able to help local communities.’

Scotland no place to invest says Grieg boss

Delighted to Supply New Technology Nets to Scottish Sea Farms

UK news.indd 6

SCOTLAND’S salmon farming sector continues to be hampered by planning rules dictated by environmental interests, said Grieg Seafood director Sigurd Pettersen. The Scottish government is wrong in making the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) the regulator of fish farming because its brief is to protect the environment, Pettersen told the Herald. ‘Farming of any kind has some impact on the environment,’ he said but regulatory bodies need to accommodate economic interests with

Above: Sigurd Pettersen

environmental ones. SEPA, said Pettersen, has no brief or framework that allows it to balance economic benefits against environmental impact. ‘So any environmental impact is considered ‘bad’ and plans for new farm sites get rejected repeatedly

on environmental grounds. ‘We have tried again and again to find additional sites on the west coast of Scotland and we have had our applications rejected time after time. ‘When my friends in Scandinavia ask me if Scotland is a good place for them to consider investing in, I have to tell them no, not under current circumstances,’ he said. The issue will not be solved until Scottish politicians realise that the sector has a problem that requires a political solution.

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04/07/2016 09:30:04

All the latest industry news from the UK

Salmon exports grow in first quarter SALMON is the most popular seafood among British consumers, with sales of fresh salmon reaching £762.8 million over 12 months. Exports grew by 2,000 tonnes in the first quarter of the year, generating an extra £15 million of sales for Scottish farmers. It is Scotland’s number one food export and was voted ‘best farmed salmon in the world’ for a second consecutive time in a poll of international seafood buyers. Scott Landsburgh, chief executive of the Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation (SSPO), said: ‘Scottish salmon has top billing at many premium restaurants around the world. You only have to look at menus to see many fine hotels and dining rooms boasting it as the special of the day. ‘Top chefs who serve the most refined diners demand quality ingredients. Seeing so many put their names next to Scottish salmon is a welcome endorse-

ment, and that’s down to the achievements of the producers who deliver excellent fish on time, every time. ‘It’s been challenging putting in place a whole supply chain from growing the fish, harvesting, processing right through to delivery to the final customer, but our producers have nailed it. ‘Shipping from some of the tiniest communities, in some of the remotest parts of Scotland, to massive trading hubs in Paris, New York and Singapore, producers have developed logistical supply chains to deliver customer orders no matter what.’ The SSPO sponsored the Royal Highland Show Chairman’s lunch in Edinburgh last month, during which industry representatives promoted the economic and social benefits of their sector to Scotland’s decision makers.

Above: Number one food export

Landsburgh said: ‘The industry continues to provide secure employment and training opportunities to over 2,000 people, many of whom live in remote rural locations where sustainable employment is difficult to find.

‘Salmon farmers continually invest in capital expenditure and research. ‘This has a knock-on effect for local firms, generating new business for hotels, engineering firms and other supporting services.’

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04/07/2016 09:30:25

European News

NEWS...

NORWAY’S SalMar Group has signed a contract with Rolls-Royce for the construction of a semi-submersible fish farm rig, based on offshore oil and gas industry technology. According to the maritime website gCaptain, Rolls-Royce will build the eight point mooring system that will be used to secure the rig to the seabed at Frohavet, off the coast of central Norway. The installation is be-

Photo: courtesy of SalMar

Farm ‘rig’ based on offshore technology

Above: SalMar’s rig could be installed in water up to 300m deep

ing developed for Ocean Farming, a subsidiary of SalMar. The rig’s design is heavily influenced

by proven offshore technologies and comprises a slack-anchored, semi-submersible, rigid

structure design with a high degree of stability. It will measure 68m high by 110m, have a

volume of 250,000m3, and will be intended for installation in water depths of 100 to 300m. The development of the fish farming rig comes as the offshore oil and gas industry suffers one of its worst downturns on record, leaving many companies looking to diversify into the growing aquaculture sector. ‘This contract win shows how years of experience providing sophisticated mooring

and deck machinery solutions in some of the world’s most difficult sea conditions can be applied in other areas of the maritime economy today and for the future,’ said Asbjørn Skaro, of Rolls-Royce. The rig will be constructed at Qingdao Wuchuan Heavy Industry Co in China, and is designed by Global Maritime in Norway. The pilot farm is expected to be completed by the second half of 2017.

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European News.indd 8

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04/07/2016 09:31:58

All the latest industry news from Europe

Aqualine applies for development permits NORWEGIAN firm Aqualine, which has supplied equipment to the fish farming industry for more than three decades, is applying for 10 development permits for a submersible production system for salmon. Within the next few years, the Aqualine Subsea System will be ready for commercial use. After what the company said was ‘highly successful testing’ of the concept in the marine laboratory at SINTEF Marintek, the aim is to test the system in full scale under extreme conditions. ‘We are applying for the development permits under our own name to develop the Aqualine Subsea System,’ said CEO Trond Lysklætt. ‘Our aim is to be able to develop and market

Spain and Ireland show aquaculture growth

Above: Trond Lysklætt

a submersible system that will benefit the entire aquaculture industry.’ By submerging the production unit to the depth required, research and experience indicate that it can get under the lice belt and avoid infestation of lice on the fish. ‘This is what we are now going to put to the test, and we hope to see other benefits

from the Aqualine Subsea System. ‘Our calculations so far show that the system will be beneficial in terms of both investment and production,’ said Lysklætt. ‘Something that means all fish farmers will be able to use it.’ Because the system is designed to work with the forces of nature, it can tolerate

being at least as exposed as Aqualine’s Midgard System, said the company. ‘This new and innovative system will also be an HSE bonus for aquaculture workers,’ said Lysklætt. ‘We expect it to be a major contributor to solving the problems with lice while also allowing aquaculture in even more exposed areas.

We’re not Iceland football team, pleads store group

AQUACULTURE production in Ireland and Spain rose by 25 per cent and 10.2 per cent respectively last year, according to new figures from Europe. Irish fish farmers harvested a total of 40,000 tonnes worth almost 150 million euros, said EOMOFA, the European Observatory for Fishery and Aquaculture products. Salmon farming was valued at 95 million euros and shellfish farming at 51 million euros. Of the latter, oyster farming accounted for 38 million euros while the remaining 13 million euros came from mussel production. More than 90 per cent of Irish oysters were exported, the majority going to France, and the rest to Hong Kong and China. In Spain last year marine finfish aquaculture production reached 48,000 tonnes, 10.2 per cent more than 2014, with a first sales value of 292 million euros. The main species produced were sea bass (21,300 tonnes at 120.3 million euros), sea bream (16,200 tonnes at 94.8 million) euros, turbot (7,700 tonnes at 56.8 million euros), meagre (1,600 tonnes at 8.8 million euros), sole (664 tonnes at 6.8 million euros), and eel (380 tonnes at 3.6 million euros). This total production regains 2009 production levels, says EUMOFA. In Mercabana, Spain’s second largest wholesale market, fishery and aquaculture product sales increased by 11 per cent to 515 million euros, although volumes were only up by two per cent at 73,300 tonnes. The main fresh fish species was hake, at 8,600 tonnes, and for farmed species, mussel sales totalled 7,300 tonnes and salmon 5,700 tonnes. The average price of fresh fish in Spain last year rose by 12 per cent to 7.35 euros per kg.

Above: Iceland’s football team were surprise Euro stars

STAFF at the Iceland frozen food and seafood retail chain were somewhat puzzled when they began receiving many messages of congratulations

on Twitter during June – until they realised it was all about football, not food. The senders thought the retailer had something to do with the country

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European News.indd 9

which knocked England out of the Euro 2016 championships on June 27. Iceland replied: ‘Guys, we are a supermarket and are not currently

playing in the Euros. We are frozen food specialists’ – and then gave them the correct address if they wanted to send a message of praise.

Above: Oyster

04/07/2016 09:38:08

European News

AKVA names its new chief Cermaq boss stands down

Above: Jon Hindar

NORWEGIAN salmon farmer Cermaq has announced that CEO Jon Hindar has resigned and will be replaced by Geir Molvik this month. Hindar was appointed five years ago and headed the firm during its acquisition by the Mitsubishi Corporation in 2014. The chairman of Cermaq Group, Yu Sato, said: ‘Jon has done an outstanding job as CEO for Cermaq under the ownership of Mitsubishi Corporation, and we therefore would have liked to see him continue in this position.’ Sato told the recent AquaVision conference in Stavanger that aquaculture ‘fits well’ with Mitsubishi and that the corporation had ‘strong confidence’ in the industry. Molvik was COO for Cermaq Norway and has held several senior positions in the company since 2005. Snorre Jonassen will become acting COO for Cermaq Norway.

European News.indd 10

AKVA Group has appointed Hallvard Muri as its new CEO, to replace Trond Williksen, who announced his resignation in May. Muri was the CEO of Aker BioMarine for more than six years before he left the company in June 2015. Before joining Aker BioMarine, he had extensive experience serving in various senior management positions in Aker group companies from 2002 onwards. He has more than

25 years of senior management experience from a variety of different industries as well as fisheries and aquaculture related sectors. He holds an MSc from BI/Norwegian Business School. ‘In Hallvard Muri, AKVA group ASA has secured the service of a new CEO with tremendous experience and a strong position in the fisheries and aquaculture industries,’ said Hans Kristian Mong, Chairman of the Board of AKVA group.

Above: Hallvard Muri

‘At the same time, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Trond Williksen for his contribution to AKVA’s development since taking up his position

in 2010. ‘With the appointment of Hallvard Muri, we intend to continue the company’s positive trend going forward.’

Muri will take up his new position on January 1, 2017, at the latest. Williksen leaves AKVA to join Salmar as CEO next January.

Norwegian Seafood Council looks for bigger market in India THE Norwegian Seafood Council has set its sights on India as it seeks large new markets outside Europe. The council, which is a public company owned by the Ministry of Trade and Fisheries, has appointed business expert Yogi Shergill as country director for India. Norwegian seafood exports are currently hitting new heights, but much of the trade still remains with Europe. However, Norway has been a major exporter to China and Japan for some time, but it is keen to expand its Asian business and India, with its huge population and growing middle class, presents major opportunities. Shergill will build on the existing business activities developed by NSC and Norwegian companies and explore the potential for further export growth of Norwegian seafood, explicitly Norwegian salmon and cod, to the Indian market. He is of Indian origin and has extensive business experience in India.

‘My goal is to establish a broader foundation between Norwegian exporters and Indian companies that can enhance delivery of seafood products from Norway to the Indian consumer,’ he said. ‘In this respect I will utilise my contacts to seek out importers, distributors, retail outlets, hotels and restaurants in India that are involved in the marketing and sale of fresh and frozen fish.’ Norwegian companies are already exporting salmon to some cities in India, but there is a need for stronger links between the Indian and Norwegian seafood industry that can benefit both countries. ‘I am visiting India this month to have discussions with companies already importing and consuming Norwegian salmon and will be happy to meet with companies who are interested in importing fish from Norway,’ said Shergill.

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04/07/2016 09:38:48

All the latest industry news from Europe

Norway plan to boost production NORWEGIAN fisheries minister Per Sandberg said the government will introduce a new aquaculture model to increase production. The aim of the ‘Bremnes model’ is to achieve steadier yearround output. It works on the basis of a more flexible biomass limit to adjust to different

seasons. In the best growth periods the biomass ceiling is lifted. ‘A lack of salmon may cause prices that rise too much,’ said Sandberg. ‘Therefore, we are implementing measures to increase production now. ‘The farmers can then exploit the

natural temperature variations in the sea better. This gives increased flexibility and possibilities to keep up production throughout the winter, and by that, avoid lay-offs.’ The new, voluntary scheme can be bought for NOK 1.5 million per permit.

Above: Per Sandberg

Bakkafrost takes over Faroe Farming BAKKAFROST has moved to acquire total control of fellow Faroese aquaculture business P/F Faroe Farming. The islands’ largest fish farmer has entered into an agreement to buy the remaining 51 per cent of the shares for a cash consideration of 75 million Danish kroners (DKK). The deal will give Bakkafrost 100 per cent of the shares in Faroe Farming. P/F Faroe Farming is engaged in smolt production, salmon farming, harvesting, portion production and sales.It operates in Suðuroy, in the southern part of the Faroe Islands, where it holds three farming licences with total harvested volumes last year of 4,681 tonnes. In 2015, Faroe Farming reported revenues of DKK 154 million and EBIT of DKK 13 million. Net profit last year was DKK 13 million. Bakkafrost has also filed two licences to the Faroese authorities, giving the company 14 licences for farming salmon in the Faroe Islands. Chief executive Regin Jacobsen

Above: Regin Jacobsen

said: ‘Bakkafrost expects salmon farming in Suðuroy can be significantly optimised. Bakkafrost has announced an investment plan for the next five years, and part of these opportunities can result in increased value for both Bakkafrost, and Suðuroy in general.’ The company has announced an investment programme of 2.2 billlion Danish kroners (around £230 million). Last year, it harvested a total volume of 50,565 tonnes, and in the first quarter of 2016 it produced 10,934 tonnes. Feed sales totalled 78,865 tonnes in 2015.

BioMar appoints new top team THE BioMar Group has announced a new executive team as part of its corporate strategy, Shaping the Future. The executive committee will consist of Carlos Diaz, CEO, Mogens Stentebjerg, CFO, and three vice presidents: Jan Sverre Røsstad, Ole Christensen, and Henrik Aarestrup. ‘I am very confident that the new team will enable us to strengthen our position as a locally responsive, agile, and specialised aquaculture feed provider, said Diaz. ‘It will consist of highly skilled executives with a strong management background, a solid understanding of the aquaculture business,

and complementary profiles.’ Diaz will personally take the lead of the Salmon Division for an interim period, but Røsstad, who is currently BioMar’s vice president for the North Sea region, will become more involved in the firm’s Chilean operations. The aim is to start creating a stronger link between BioMar’s two largest market areas in Chile and around the North Sea. Ole Christensen will head the new EMEA Division, which will succeed BioMar’s current Continental Europe region, where he was also at the helm. Before that, Ole Christensen headed R&D for BioMar

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European News.indd 11

Above: Carlos Diaz Continental Europe and he has a very broad experience covering all aspects of the feed business, said the company, from sourcing and product development to commercial management. Henrik Aarestrup will

move from global marketing director to vice president for BioMar’s Emerging Markets Division. He has, besides his function at the head of marketing, been involved in the development of business

plans and strategies for several BioMar companies around the world. With knowledge of the BioMar organisation, combined with experience in international management, his role will be

to link the emerging markets to the rest of the organisation and create the necessary push to succeed in these markets. Mogens Stentebjerg, BioMar’s long-time CFO, continues in the executive committee.

04/07/2016 09:39:59

World News

NEWS...

Tassal to start offshore salmon farming

AUSTRALIA’S biggest salmon farmer Tassal has released plans to establish four salmon farming leases in Storm Bay near the Tasman Peninsula, which the company

expects could create up to 72 full time jobs, reported NT News. Tassal head of sustainability and fish health Linda Sams said the proposed

expansion would be just the second for Tassal in the past decade and would mark a transition into offshore farming. The four 45-hectare leases would be

Sound salmon guidelines in NZ A NEW working group in Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand, will start meeting this month to implement management guidelines for salmon farming. Ministry for Primary Industries deputy director general Ben Dalton said the public, the council, government and industry have shown a commitment to implement the guidelines. ‘These guidelines were developed by local and central government, industry and scientists in 2014 to set out recommendations for sustainable salmon farming in the Sounds. ‘The next step is to work with iwi [Maori people], the community and industry to look at options for salmon farming in the Marlborough

World News.indd 12

located 1.8km west of Wedge Island within an 863ha zone. Sams said faster moving currents and cooler water temperatures would be beneficial for the salmon. ‘It’s good for the fish, and managed well it will be good for the environment as well,’ she said. Tasman mayor Roseanne Heyward said members of her municipality were supportive of the proposal in terms of job creation, but had raised concerns about the visual impact of the leases, navigational issues for anglers and water quality. ‘I’ve had some calls, I’ve not had hundreds of calls but people are talking about it, and they are all extremely surprised at the size of it,’ she said.

Cr Heyward said ultimately Tasman Council did not have the authority to approve the proposal because marine planning was dealt with by the State Government. Sams said the zone was large because the deeper water required a larger scope for moorings. ‘The zone is completely accessible by anyone, and the [mooring] lines have to be five metres below the surface so anyone can go through with boats you can fish on there,’ she said. ‘Obviously, if someone wants to drop a cray pot or something like that there are moorings in there so that provides more complication, but for generally accessing, driving through, general fishing,

recreational fishing it shouldn’t be an issue.’ Environment Tasmania marine co-ordinator Rebecca Hubbard said her organisation held some concerns about the proposed expansion. ‘Some of our concerns around impact on marine life might be addressed because they’re going offshore,’ she said. Sams said the proposal was in its early stages and Tassal would develop an environmental impact statement and engage in community consultation. ‘For us we’re starting early,’ she said. ‘We think that if all goes fine and we get awarded these sites we would be using them maybe 2019 to 2020.’

Health Page 40.

Chile launches new regulations

Above: Ben Dalton

Sounds so that the best environmental, social and economic outcomes are being realised.’ Working group membership is currently being finalised. It will include representation from Marlborough District Council, Ministry for Primary Industries, key community and interest groups, iwi and New Zealand King Salmon.

THE Chilean government announced new regulations in June to improve control of its salmon farming industry. These include reducing farming densities, revising fallowing policies and increasing production periods to avoid concentrations of harvests at the same time. Management zones will be introduced and farmers who expand production by more than three per cent in a given cycle will be punished. The measures, expected to be implemented later his year, also cover containment and waste management.

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 09:41:40

All the latest industry news from around the world

Danish tech companies move into Vietnam of millions of Danish kroner expected to be made,’ said the EPA. A handful of Danish companies have already gained access to the Vietnamese market through an export partnership established in 2012 through the EPA, and they expect to stay in the country for the coming years. They include AKVA Group, OxyGuard, Grundfos, DHI and RK-plast. ‘We are already seeing that Danish technology and production processes helps Vietnam produce a higher number of fish without compromising with the environment,’ said Jesper Heldbo, secretary general at AquaCircle, the organisation for suppliers of aquaculture technology in Denmark. ‘We expect our products to be part of many new and modernised fish farms in years Above: Fish farming in Vietnam ahead.’ TWO new systems for sustainable fish farming obstacle to growth. The partnership and its activities are sponhave just opened in the Vietnam Mekong Delta, Therefore Danish pumps, oxygen metres, feed- sored by the Ministry of Environment and driven by Danish technology. ers, and other environmental technology that Food, and have also resulted in Danish compaThe systems have given Danish companies a utilises resources effectively and decreases dam- nies building a recirculated system for shrimp foothold in the region, while making fish proage on the environment, are in high demand. production in Vietnam. duction greener, said the Danish Environmental The new systems are realised through EPA’s exVietnam and China are the leading players Protection Agency (EPA). port partnership VIDATEC, that was established in aquaculture in Asia. Coming from almost no All delivered Eiffel Tower Burj Khalifain 1999, the Vietnamese Fish farming in Vietnam is progressing at a Steinsvik Barges stacked in 2012 to enhance Danish export. production produced 324 mmore Danish 828 m 1.3 million tonnes from aquaculture 1800 m fast pace but the traditional farming facilities ‘There’s great potential for more than that are most prevalent in Vietnam are an technology exports to Vietnam – with hundreds in 2008.

Every 3rd farmed salmon in the world is documented in Mercatus

Did you know Mercatus is in use daily on 600 sites around the world? Half of these sites are in Norway, the rest is spread over 5 continents and 9 different countries. 65 different companies use the software, and these vary from some of the biggest to some of the smallest salmon producers. Mercatus started as a separate company 15 years ago, and has been run by Ocea, and now Steinsvik. Our experience in both fish farming and software development makes us the natural choice for fish farmers around the world.

steinsvik.no

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04/07/2016 09:42:02

World News

China research on show at US forum

Above: The Nutriad team at ISFNF (from left to right): Peter Coutteau,business director aquaculture, Stegen Phillips, US western sales manager, and Gilberto Hernandez, aquaculture manager North and Central America

SCIENTISTS gathered in Idaho in the US in June for the International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding (ISFNF), the biannual forum for researchers, academics and industry concerned with the nutrition and feeding

of aquatic animals The conference, the 17th of its kind, was sponsored by Nutriad and attracted around 400 fish nutritionists from around the globe. Key sessions addressed the major bottle necks in the aquaculture industry such

as the replacement of fish meal and fish oil by alternative feed resources - including plant and terrestrial animal meals, insect meal, camelin oil, cottonseed meal, and DHA-rich micro-algae. Dr Peter Coutteau, business director

of aquaculture at Nutriad, talked about the use of purified bile salts to replace fish oil, lecithin and cholesterol in diets for whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus Vannamei). An extensive session on nutrition and health (18 oral

papers) focused on the importance of gut health in aquaculture organisms. The nutrigenomics session illustrated the recent advances in the understanding of nutritional metabolism, a promising area to support innovative

studies in aquaculture nutrition. The scientific contributions from Chinese participants at the conference clearly showed that China is increasing its research capacities and focus on aquaculture nutrition.

Severe drought hits Vietnamese fish farms SEVERE drought conditions are having a big impact on some fish farms in Vietnam, the country’s media is reporting. Thousands of acres of prime fish farming areas have been lost due to the lack of rain, which has led to salt water intrusion. Vietnam is a major exporter of farmed fish and shellfish to both the United States and Europe, including the UK. More than 11,000 hectares have been lost in Ca Mau and Kien Giang provinces alone, said Nguyen Do Anh Tuan of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), and conditions show no sign of improving any time soon. According to VietnamBridge, the English online newspaper, the Ministry has reported that the Ca Mau area has been the most badly affected, with more than 70 per cent of its farming area damaged, followed by Tra Vinh and Ben Tre provinces, with over 30 per cent of their areas destroyed.

World News.indd 14

The drought has mainly affected the Mekong Delta region and is having an impact on the country generally. Eight out of the 13 provinces in the region have declared a state of disaster due to the prolonged dry spell. Almost the entire planning area for brackish water shrimp has been hampered by the salinity brought about by the drought, especially farming areas downstream of the Hau River, in Ben Tre, Soc Trang, Tra Vinh and Kien Giang provinces. The region’s aquaculture development plan appears to be in imminent danger of coming apart at the seams, said Tuan. But despite the shortage of usable water, total production of fish (including shrimp and other crustaceans) during March exceeded 441,000 tonnes, a 2.3 per cent increase on the same period last year. Additionally, the Vietnam Association of Sea-

food Exporters and Producers (VASEP) reports fish exports in the first quarter jumped nearly nine per cent over last year’s corresponding three-month period to US $1.4 billion. According to VASEP, shrimp was the main export driver for aquaculture during the first quarter of the year, which benefited from an increase in sales prices ranging four to five per cent over last year.

Above: Shrimp farming

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 09:42:27

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04/07/2016 09:43:40

Trade Associations – SSPO

Opinion – Europe

BY BYPROFESSOR PROFESSORPHIL PHILTHOMAS THOMAS

This Disunited Underpinning Kingdom provenance

To ignore the inherent integrity of the Do economy we think enough UK is to ﬂyabout in thewhat facegives of thethe industry its edge in key markets? practical reality

t may not be politi say at sothe at n Friday, June 24,cally thosecorrect arrivingtoearly present but farmed Atlanti c salmonhad would Royal Highland Show in Edinburgh just notlearned have become Scotland’s leading food the outcome of the UK referendum export the Crown Estate’s positive on EUwithout membership. engagement aquaculture development A close resultwith had been expected, but the 51.9 back in the per cent vote1980s. to leave the EU against the 48.1 per Now, aquaculture is been a signifi part of the cent to remain had not anticant cipated. agency’s marine is reguMost people felt leasing that theportf resultolio wasand an act larly celebrated by the Crown Estate’s Scottish of enormous self-harm with policy, regulatory, Marine Aquaculture Awards event. Thisally year’s economic and social ramifi cations, potenti event in on the 11 Junedevelopment was the impacti ngEdinburgh on investment, economic usual highly successful showcase for Scotti sh and jobs across a wide range of business sectors. aquaculture and a rare opportunity for indusSubsequent analysis has shown stark differences tryvoti tong join together to mark success. in patt erns between ageits groups, educaThelevels, Crownsocio-economic Estate is presently at and the diff centre tional classes erent of further on discussions between the areas of thedevoluti UK. UK government and Scotti sh government. In broad terms, older, less well-educated, andThe long-term of keyinScotti shoffuncti ons reless well-offfuture voters were favour EU exit. mains unclear andand professional expertivoted se could Strikingly, Scotland Northern Ireland to be squandered processal of organisati remain in the EU in by the a substanti margin but inonal change. Wales and England the reverse was true. Bothpercentage the Crownvotes Estate’s core experti sewere: and The to remain or to exit the Marine62Aquaculture Awards areinimporin Scotland per cent to 38 per cent; NorthtantIreland in maintaining the ncticent; ve coherence ern 56 per cent todisti 44 per in Wales of Scotland’s aquaculture and it would be a 47 per cent to 53 per cent; and in England 47 per tragedy they became casualti of politi cent to 53ifper cent (although withes London 60cal per change. cent to 40 per cent). This cal year’s Awardshas event was hosted Politi meltdown followed. The UK by Prime actress, writer and comedian Jo eld, an Minister has resigned; the Leader ofCaulfi the opposichoice by whoever booking. tiinspired on is under pressure to do themade same.the Markets She was very funny andecti entertaining around the world are refl ng volatilityand and kept the proceedings going with aare swing. Only once major UK investment decisions already being did she stray, when she wondered what ‘proveput on hold. nance actually meant’. hour by hour but, in any The picture is changing In a room full ofoffolk livelihoods terms, the results the whose referendum have created a major crisis with substantial consequences. 12In Scotland, where the SNP’s default position is to challenge the authority of Westminster and play down the result of the 2014 Scottish

SSPO.indd 12

Brxit Page.indd 16

should “beWeorganising our Even “ the training and though

educati on result was provisions unwelcomed, much let’s just bett get onerand get the job sorted

” ”

depend on the provenance of their products she quickly sensed an audience response and moved to safer comedic material: there are some things you just don’t joke about! However, her remark left me asking myself whether we think enough about the underpinning of the provenance of Scottish farmed fish – and for me that’s farmed salmon. There is no doubt that Scottish provenance is important to our industry – it gives us the edge in all our key markets. Provenance can be defined in various ways but most people will agree that it goes beyond the appearance and sensory qualities of the final product: flavour, texture, visual presentation and product Independence referendum, the government’s response to the consistency UK Brexit vote are been: alwaystokey factors in consumer appeal is about has distance Scotland from the rest ofbut theprovenance UK; to seek an ‘independmuch more. ent’ relati onship with the EU; and to plan legislation for a second Scottish It reflects a wider concept of consumer quality assurance, including: independence referendum. the place where the fish is consistent grown andwith processed; professional While these responses are the SNP’sthe deeply held political integrity of theshproducti on andthey processing and the quality, views on Scotti independence, may notmethods; be particularly helpful at this commitment careinsecurity of the people involved – thesituati professional skills, stage. They addand to the of the consti tutional on at a time experti passion on of producers themselves. when a se, single cogentand anddedicati consistent UKthe negoti ating stance with the EU is of In Scotland our ‘place of production’ gives us a huge natural advanparamount importance. tage weparti grow shallinfour the countries pristine coastal waters some of Politibecause cians of all es,fiin of the UK, now of need to recogthe most beautiful and wild scenic areas of the They world, andstop ourplaying brand is nise the seriousness of the situati on we are facing. must protected its together PGI status. politi cs andby work as statesmen to protect and ensure the welfare Likewise, on of the Scottish Finfish Code of Good Practice and future ofadopti the UK’s people. allied with theterms industry’s deep commitment a range of independent In economic – and everything flows fromtothe economics – 64 per farmofquality assurance programmes, including welfareto cent Scotland’s goods and services (excluding gasthe andRSPCA oil) arefish exported scheme, on20the our and statutory the rest ofbuilds the UK, perunderlying cent tradedstrength internatiof onally only 15regulatory per cent systems ourtoproducti on inherent systems.integrity of the UK economy is traded toto theassure EU. Thus ignore the the skills, experti toFinally, fly in the face of the practise, calpassion reality. and dedication of our farmers can in the abundance day inShow and day out – andindustry they were By be thedemonstrated end of the day at Royal Highland an emerging showcased the recent awards event. opinion was by becoming clearer. Scotland has outstanding food and drink prodHowever, being wholly objecti ve and forwardand looking, it is this third ucts based on its aquaculture, fishing, agriculture food manufacturing. area of products provenance where the sh industry has greatest scope These are already soldScotti into high-value markets in the UK and for systematic the development. That is not to say that our industry’s skills throughout world and we have a willingness to adapt to changing market and professional expertise are not of the highest calibre, but it is to conditi ons. recognise that our educati onal and training structures,let’s and So, even though thevocati resultonal of the EU referendum was unwelcomed, just get on and get the job sorted – a speedy response with a clear EU negowww.fishfarmer-magazine.com tiating position is now a crucial first step. Professor Phil Thomas is former chairman of the Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation. FF 03/07/2015 14:31:33

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 09:57:06

Opinion – Europe

Business as usual Industry pauses for thought in wake of Brexit

Dr Martin Jaffa of Callander McDowell

SSPO

IT will be business as usual, at least in the short term, for the aquaculture industry in the aftermath of the unexpected EU referendum result, which saw Britons voting 51.9 per cent against 48.1 per cent to pull out of Europe. Scott Landsburgh, chief executive of Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation said: ‘Salmon farming will continue business as usual and is confident that, as Scotland’s number one food export, Scottish salmon will continue to consolidate its commercial success in the coming months and in the long term, with the accompanying benefit to our national economy and to the rural communities where the industry operates. ‘This confidence comes from the fact that we produce a world class, premium product. ‘Europe is an important market representing around 40 per cent of our export tonnage, but we export to more than 60 countries including the USA and Far East.’

Marine Harvest

MARINE Harvest CEO Alf-Helge Aarskog said a British exit from the EU will be good news for the company, Intraﬁsh reported. Because the Norwegian based company produces salmon in the UK, through Marine Harvest Scotland, the weak pound will boost proﬁts. ‘We get more competitive prices thanks to the rates of both the crown and the pound dropping,’ said Aarskog. ‘For Marine Harvest, Brexit is 90 per cent positive.’

Ian Duncan, Conservative MEP

BRITAIN will succeed outside of Europe, of that I have no doubt. No other country has shaped the destiny and direction of our continent more than Great Britain and our influence will continue to be felt across Europe and further afield. Our global responsibilities, the reach of our economy the fifth largest on the face of the globe, the impact of our science and research, the importance of our values, all will continue to exert their influence. I will remain in Brussels for as long as there is a role for me. The early stages of the negotiations will involve the European Parliament, and I will play my part. I will continue to stand up for Scotland’s interests. And then I will come home, and write my memoirs! It has indeed been an exciting time to be in Brussels.

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

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WE at Callander McDowell think that many Britons who voted for Brexit will not yet have realised the implications of pencilling a cross on a voting slip. We too, like many, are unsure of the road ahead but it is a road we should not be taking. One of the casualties of the vote is likely to be the recent complaint submitted to the EU accusing the Scottish government of failing to protect wild salmon from salmon farming. It looks likely that such protection will now be afforded from within the UK. As the Prime Minister has suggested, the country needs to unite to work together for the future. In much the same way, perhaps the time has come to put an end to the constant finger pointing and accusations and work together for the good of wild fish populations. Whether the UK had voted to stay in or out of the EU, the solutions would never be found in Europe but rather on our own doorstep.

SAMS

PROF Nicholas Owens, director of the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), said: ‘These are very early days in the aftermath of this very signiﬁcant decision but whatever happens during the negotiations to come it is likely there will be implications for academic and research organisations and we have no idea what these might be. ‘However, SAMS is, and always will be, an internationally facing organisation and we are inherently a stable organisation with a very strong international reputation. ‘As a member of the European Union, the UK made great strides in marine science and environmental issues; however, the UK has always been a leading nation for scientiﬁc research and it is important this momentum is maintained, regardless of the political landscape. SAMS is well placed to ensure this happens.’

Salmon farmer

NICK Joy, co-founder and former managing director of Loch Duart, said he backed the Leave campaign but was surprised by the result. ‘This is a significant decision but it is not one that offers salvation or damnation. We will not all burn in the flames of hell for deciding to leave Europe. ‘This vote has been about those who believe in integration against all odds versus those who prefer self-determination. ‘The cautious money will wait to see if the UK negotiates its way out of this and, just as importantly, what the EU does now it has lost one of the strongest economies in it. But what will the smart money do? A forward looking confident UK might just surge ahead and stay as the fifth largest economy in the world and thus might actually become a huge success story. ‘There will be hardship, there will be good times but one thing is for certain, anyone who says they know this is wrong or right, is wrong themselves. Nothing of this magnitude is ever simple.’ Nick Joy’s column: Page 66

04/07/2016 09:57:47

ed the layout to help bring it more upsecure an extensive interview with Scotland’s recently apalso launching inaugural columns from pointed Minister for the Environment, Paul Wheelhouse. s of the UK’s three largest aquaculture Looking further afield there are also interesting insights – ASSG nisations – the BTA, ASSG and SSPOTrade – to Associations into oyster growing around the globe and also an breast of the Trade important topics of– the overview of the Hungarian aquaculture industry, which is Associations ASSGday ellfish and salmon sectors respectively. beginning to evolve from production of carps to higher er content is concerned we hope you’ll value predatory fish. We hope you enjoy all the changes. FF

Rob Fletcher News Editor

ntributors Mike Urch has more than 40 years experience of the seafood industry. Now a freelance journalist, he is a former editor of Seafood International magazine.

BY DR NICK LAKE AND JANET H BROWN BY JANET H BROWN

Paul Wheelhouse is Scotland’s Minister for the Environment and Climate Change and is an MSP for the South of Scotland.

Janet Brown works to support and promote all aspects of sustainable shellﬁsh culture and restoration via The Shellﬁsh Team and edits The Grower.

ShellﬁThe sh vision other side of the pond

Editorial Advisory Board News in Brief Norwegian Newsdepends on securing private investment for small family businesses Growth News Can the Association of Scottish Shellfish Growers learn anything from the QUACULTURE UK way at Aviemore was a offshore and with increasedGrowers operating costs! Trade Associations America’s East Coast Shellfish Association is organised? useful meeting point for many ASSG In Scotland, our industry has very much been developed by small Hungarian Aquaculture members and it was good to catch up family businesses or individuals taking the risk of using their own with various contacts old and new. funds and starting at modest scales to develop shellfish sites which Oysters Of course, shellfish growers require neither have found through experience to be viable.substantial federal research grants to address critical industry Robert B Rheault they – more commonly Interviewfeed nor medicines to producerknown our products We (Rheault can all think of many who have failed in thispriorities. ambition as either as ‘Skid’ Rheault being manufacturers sites– chosen or the long period required to see any return on ‘row’) the or Bob set up the How has the ECSGA grown and is it still growing? Sea Lice and so it is only the equipmentpronounced who regard us as potential customers. investment have proven too demanding (not to mention the conspirEast Coast Shellfish Growers Association We grow in membership by about 10 to 20 per cent a year a Seafood inIfSchools you want to view shellfish growing equipof its nature to add in additional variable challenges often lack ofthis past year, but we still only have a sm (ECSGA) in 2004 and hasing been executive had aand sharp increase ment you really need to director hop overfor the channel understanding by public bodies on the implications of their actions). six years. tion of the industry as members. Of the estimated 1,300 farm Marine Scotland to France to one of their oyster salons.involved How- in the Throughout and Islands Skid became idea of anweas-have been fortunate in the Highlands East Coast, we only have about 15 per cent. The nature of the ever, if it’s boats, floats and ropes, all were up to have had both public sector support and encouragement through Processing sociation because he had been working as an is such that many farmers are very small, part-time operations for discussion in Aviemore. Highlands and Islands Development Board/Enterprise and a landlord oyster farmer in a state without an aquaculwon’t pay dues. There are few large farms, and several of thes Markets What was also evident was the drive for the form of the Crown Estate who, through thethey spirit of ‘stewardture industry at the timein – Rhode Island. don’t need to join an association. They can hire their ow both ‘offshore’ production‘Iand to ship’, in financial expectations ourthe sector Aqua Source Directory had innovation to be very active on thehave statebeen levelreasonable to Whatofare mainand issues facing ECSGA?

increase production. of revenue. get things going,’ he said.in‘Isignificant establishedre-investment a state We spend a lot of time and energy dealing with shellfish san Manufacturers such as growers’ our own association Fusion Without these bodies it is difficult to see that we would haveparahaemolyticus control seems to dominate m with a few allies, started issues. Vibrio visory Board: Jim Treasurer, Steve Bracken, Herve Miguad, Sunil Kadrisoand KentoHughes Marine were in evidence and, inan terms of achieved much date. writing industry newsletter and sent it to all time. We are also trying to rectify the trade war with the EU s r: Rob Fletchershellfish Design: Andrew Balahura equipment, theythe have supplied the brought in guest speakers state legislators, restore some of the lucrative connections we had in EU marke Manager: William Dowds wdowds@fi shupdate.com Publisher:ofAlister Bennett our going industry Holmyards’ mussel farm from in the English Chanother states where Scale things were years ago. We are trying to get acknowledgement for the ecos l: +44 (0) 131 nel 551with 1000 Fax:to+44 (0)well 131 551 7901 e-mail: editor@fi shfarmer-magazine.com buoys weather theand conditions, thisa negative Whileword starting high we perprovide tonne ofthrough nutrient credit trading, and we a where nary wassmall has advantages, the costs are services and theand balance sheet looks a lot healthier in the long run site being truly ‘offshore’. ww.fishfarmer-magazine.com www.fiheard. shupdate.com Eventually we gotoutput some traction stantly working to ifimprove water quality and expand harvest Planners and researchers often ask what thethatoutputs are high. the regulations were2DL holding back : Special Publications, Fettes Park, 496fixed Ferry Road, Edinburgh EH5 Are there different chapters in the ECSGA or are members m potential is for offshore in ScotIt Industrial is the optimal economy of scalePA34 model whichoyster makesfolk? sense in a the industry.’ ns Address: ‘Fish Farmer’, P.O. Box 1,production Crannog Lane, Lochavullin Estate, Oban, Argyll, 4HB land. There is possibly great biological potenfinancial context but raises real issues for private investment andabout in 60 per cent clam farms, 40 per cent oys We represent 631 568000 Fax: +44 (0) 1631 568001This led on to a larger consortium, with a terms of securing planning permissions for largerand sites. tial in some areas but why wouldofwegrowers want togetting Clockwise from top right: number together at various there is a nascent mussel industry. ptions £75 a year, rest of world £95 including All Air Mail. be considering offshore when in postage. Scotland There is alsoanthe issue ECSGA of acquired expertise knowledge in talk at conferences about the importance o meeting; oyster; and meetings and the we idea of establishing East I have heard you eat Britain for are the nowhere proprietors Wyvex Media Ltd by Headley Brothers Ltd., Ashford, Kent ISSN 0262-9615 developing any business based on years of experience, and going near biological carrying capacity Dr Robert B Rheault. Coast Shellfish Growers Association was baning – what do youfor advise? inshore, and we need to died optimise production broke in terms of production tonnages at the start meanimportant just that to ensure that the regulators don’t put about. They had seen how well organised Itcan is really costs not add to them? the Pacific Coast ShellfishinGrowers some cases. Association business. If you are not involved 3 in the process of writing the rmer-magazine.com alone is not enough to be successful. In addition, (PCSGA) had become, howInvestment effective they could tions, then the where law of unintended consequences dictates that is your how market 500 tonnes musFinancing and development be in meetings with regulators, theyfor one million oysters per year orprobably hurtofyou if you don’t protect yourself. You need to p sels when you set out originally to grow enough to supply your local One area where we do focused need innovation is in government research dollars toward in the scientific research, the public outreach and the educati hotels and pubs? securing investment for expansion of existing key problems – they wanted that. legislators. By demonstrating the growth in green jobs, the su 08/02/2013 11:24:01 sites or creation of new businesses. With So ifSkid thiscontinued is really such a difficult area for commercial investment Opposite page: Nick benefits, Lake While setting up the ECSGA, seafood production and the ecosystem we can enlist on the HIEget stand at or if we have a ne typically a minimum of three operahaveand wemarmanaged in Scotland to show around an averagewhen nine the regulators to runyears’ his own company,how farming of politicians crazy, Aquaculture UK tional time before cash begins flow trading into a as per cent increase in mussel production per year search over the last decade? keting to oysters Moonstone Oysters dollars. Educating the legislators is a constant task. The Shetland has been responsible for the main growth in this sector. business, and the fact that stock and growing working out of Narragansett, Rhode Island, turnover and they know nothing about your industry. If you d How has this been the main equipment in the water are as andnot he isregarded still an adjunct faculty member in possible given their remote location time to from do it then you need to pay someone to do it for you. T markets? assets by the commercialthe banking system, University of Rhode Island’s Department busy professionals are members of trade associations. There been some recent transfer of salmonIsfarming to interest for your growers? balance sheets and return investment can of on Fisheries and Aquaculture. Hehas established export asites major make frightening readingthe forEast investors. mussel production and the available infrastructure helped this. Coast Shellfish Research Institute We are experiencing an explosion in the market for oysters r What would add to thatand fright be to is a predominance of independently owned has would been successful inHowever, attractingthere several now, so thereand is not a lot of surplus production to send overse say you were going to expose this investment operated farm sites, some relatively small. The one asset which all require is access to efficient harvesting and handling equipment and to the even more severe weather conditions

www.fishfarmer-m www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

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04/07/2016 10:00:46

Shellfish vision

in terms of boats this is an area where commercial finance is interested in investing. But it is highly unlikely that any small farming operation could sustain such an asset on its balance sheet as the repayments would be crippling. Yet in Shetland, what has arisen in many cases are smaller sites using the services of larger businesses’ harvesting vessels and landing/handling infrastructure. Hence economy of scale is maintained across the entire sector through individual businesses co-operating and this has also allowed bulk production to be transported to a central processing facility in Glasgow (close to the market). Is this a model we could use for other areas of Scotland and for oysters as well? It would require that we had clearly defined aspirations and that all public agencies work together. While this would avoid the planning issues associated with seeking single, large scale shellfish production sites, it does imply that a certain critical mass of area would have to be made over to individual shellfish production sites within a coastal region. Could we see this occurring with sites becoming available from the salmon farming sector as they master the advantages of working further offshore? I discussed all of the above issues with a range of parties at Aquaculture UK and found that there was a feeling that to make the most of our natural assets in Scotland (which includes the expertise of our smaller family owned businesses working in remote locations) we all must take a fresh look at where

“

Could sites become available from the salmon farming sector as they master the advantages of working further oﬀshore? www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

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we want our industry to go in the coming years. Vision 2030 Given the sort of discussions we have been having regarding the production issues facing our sector it is interesting to note that within Scotland there has been a need identified for all agricultural and food/drink producers to take stock of constraints and opportunities. Overseen by Scotland Food and Drink, aquaculture has its own viewpoint and requested input. Obviously salmon would be seen as the leading volume output but shellfish and trout are also recognised as having significant potential. We, together with Seafood Shetland, have been involved in the Vision 2030 working group with the objective of distilling down what are the absolute blockers to our sector expanding and maintaining viability. Issues such as food safety monitoring, planning permissions and infrastructure are not regarded as blockers to the industry developing, but need to be addressed. With a vision of where our sector could be by 2030 hopefully this will assist one of the major blockers we have at present, namely securing private investment for small family businesses. Those of you who attended last year’s ASSG annual conference cannot have forgotten the enthusiasm which James Withers, the CEO

of Scotland Food and Drink, relayed in his presentation. There is clearly a bright future for Scottish shellfish from a market demand perspective. We just need to ensure that Scotland PLC can establish a suitable framework to encourage individuals, small and large businesses to be able to operate. ASSG Conference, Oban, October 6-7, 2016 Given the importance of the Vision 2030 outlook for our sector, we will be spending time considering its implications at this year’s conference. The group aims to report in the late summer and so the timing of our conference will provide an opportunity for not only a presentation but for members and delegates to have their say. Plans are progressing to make this year’s event extra special and for another reason. Celebrating the ASSG at 30! This is the 30th anniversary of the formation of the Association of Scottish Shellfish Growers, a good time to celebrate the success of our sector to date. A full programme will mark the occasion, with the theme ‘Scottish Cultivated Shellfish Past, Present and Future’, and there will be a Best Scottish Shellfish competition. It goes without saying that we will be making the most of our great Scottish seafood for the lunches and also holding our annual dinner and AGM. FF

04/07/2016 10:01:07

Aquaculture Europe 2016 – Edinburgh

Super markets

Sainsbury’s seafood expert to present retail perspective at conference

AINSBURY’S aquaculture and fisheries manager Ally Dingwall has been named as one of the plenary speakers at Aquaculture Europe 2016, organised by the European Aquaculture Society (EAS) and to be held in Edinburgh in September. In his talk- ‘The future for fish – a retailer’s perspective’ – Dingwall will provide an overview of Sainsbury’s current position in relation to farmed fish sales and a retailer perspective on challenges and opportunities in delivering sustainable growth in consumption, both in terms of production and the consumer. Dingwall, who has a Marine Biology degree from Heriot Watt University in Edinburgh, brings wide experience to his role. In more than 25 years in the fish and seafood industry, he has worked in a variety of technical and

Farmers, “scienti sts

and other interested parties can discuss experiences, new knowledge and also identify knowledge gaps

”

Left: Seafood in Schools. Opposite page - top: Ally Dingwall of Sainsbury’s. Below: SSPO chair Anne MacColl

EAS - Edinburgh.indd 20

production roles including on farms, and in health and technical management at Marine Harvest in Scotland; technical procurement at Pinneys of Scotland and Uniq plc; and in operations management at Huon Aquaculture in Australia. He joined Sainsbury’s in 2008 and represents the company within a number of groups, including Fisheries Innovation Scotland, Scottish Seafood Partnership, Aquaculture Stewardship Council, IFFO RS, Fishing into the Future, Global Sustainable Seafood Initiative, Sustainable Seafood Coalition and Global Ghost Gear Initiative. He also sits on the Scottish Food Commission. Dingwall’s talk, on Thursday, September 22, will be followed on the final day of the conference (September 23) by a presentation from the new Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation (SSPO) chair Anne MacColl. MacColl will look at why ‘Scottish salmon farming is a global success’, highlighting how innovation has led the evolution of the sector in Scotland and how research can be used to increase production. She will also explore exporting expertise and talk about ‘what our future looks like’. The first plenary session of the conference – ‘Showcasing Scottish aquaculture- school pupils’ perspectives’ – will be led by Nicki Holmyard of Seafood Scotland. The Seafood in Schools project has worked with pupils from Glenurquhart High School and Campbeltown Grammar School to help them gain in-depth knowledge about the Scottish aquaculture industry. Their findings will be drawn together in two presentations, after which two pupils from each school will prepare and cook a recipe dish of their own devising, using Scottish aquaculture species. Seafood dishes will be judged by an international panel and the winning pupils crowned ‘Young Scottish aquaculture chefs of the year’. Aquaculture Europe 2016, to be held at the Edinburgh International Conference Centre (EICC) from September 20-23, marks the 40th anniversary of the EAS and will feature a number of industry forums. These include a workshop on Best Practice

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04/07/2016 10:04:41

Super markets

THE PROGRAMME AE2016 INDUSTRY FORUMS Programme could be subject to change

Tuesday, September 20 Room/time 13:00 to 18:00

Mentheit

Lowther

Lammermuir 1

Lammermuir 2

Lammermuir 1

Lammermuir 2

Best Practice in Percid Fish Culture

Wednesday, September 21 Room/time 10:30 to 12:50

in Percid Fish Aquaculture, organised by the European Percid Fish Culture (EPFC) EAS Thematic Group, and focusing on the culture of pikeperch, perch and other species of the family percidae for human consumption, stocking and conservation. The scope of the workshop is to bring together percid fish aquaculture insiders and experts from continental Europe and other regions and to provide a basis for exchange on industry and research relevant topics. On the same day, the UK Aquaculture Initiative, a joint BBSRC and NERC scheme to support high quality research, will meet to look at innovative approaches to solving industry challenges. Growing larger fish in RAS systems will be the subject of the Salmonview seminar, which will offer insights from a range of experts – academic researchers, industry technicians and commercial producers of RAS equipment – from Scotland, Norway and the Americas. Development versus stagnation will be the theme of the EAS/EATiP Day on September 22, investigating shared experiences, views and opinions so as to define the key issues, needs and bottle necks that have to be overcome to meet industry objectives and ensure growth. The Aquaculture Europe 2016 Cleaner Fish Industry Forum, also on September 22, will focus on the use of cleaner fish in the salmon industry today, and will be an open discussion arena where

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EAS - Edinburgh.indd 21

14:30 to 17:30

Mentheit

Lowther

The UK Aquaculture Initiative Lunch (on your own) and exhibition EU Forum The UK Aquaculture Growing larger fish in Initiative RAS systems

Student Workshop

Thursday, September 22 Room/time 10:30 to 12:50

14:30 to 17:30

Mentheit

Lowther Lammermuir 1 Lammermuir 2 Development vs. Selective Breeding for The use of cleanerfish in Stagnation: Defining BTA General Assembly Aquaculture - Traits and European aquaculture issues and identifying (members only) Tools needs Lunch (on your own) and exhibition Development vs. Stagnation: Defining The Future of Trout Feed for Thought issues and identifying Farming needs

Friday, September 23 Room/time 10:30 to 12:50

Mentheit Tools for Assessment and Planning of Aquaculture Sustainability

Lowther

Lammermuir 1

Lammermuir 2

Aquaculture in Marine Protected Areas

Shellfish Forum

Lunch (on your own) and exhibition 14:30 to 16:00

farmers, scientists and other interested parties can discuss experiences, new knowledge and also identify knowledge gaps. The British Trout Association (BTA) will hold its annual general assembly (for BTA members only), followed by an open event in the afternoon. The BTA Trout Forum, with an overarching theme of ‘The Future of Trout Farming’, will encompass a review of recent and current research projects from a number of research institutes, as the ‘science of aquaculture’ will be an essential foundation for future progress. The European Marine Biological Research Infrastructure Cluster (EMBRIC) will be holding a workshop on selective breeding, bringing together shellfish and finfish farmers and European scientists to promote interaction, information exchange, and discuss the needs of the industry of the future. Meanwhile, the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC) and WWF are hosting a session to highlight and discuss opportunities and challenges

Aquaculture in Marine Protected Areas

Shellfish Forum

in the future of innovation into sustainable feeds. A workshop on aquaculture in Marine Protected Areas will address the potential synergies between diverse types of aquaculture- such as community based aquaculture, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture- and conservation zones, The Shellfish Industry Forum on September 23 will cover some of the most pressing issues currently facing the industry. These will consider the European Commission’s perspective on Sustainable Development of the Shellfish Aquaculture Sector (Aquaculture Advisory Committee by EU Commission). Other topics will include matters around product safety including norovirus, HABs and diseases, climate change and biosecurity. Finally, the Tools for Assessment and Planning of Aquaculture Sustainability (TAPAS) EU Horizon 2020 project (2016-2020) will provide an update on creating cost-efficient management tools and practices for the European aquaculture sector. For more information about Aquaculture Europe 2016 visit ww.easonline.org FF

04/07/2016 10:07:20

Industry pioneer – David Corrigan

Aquaculture’s agent Marine Harvest manager talks of double role promoting ﬁsh farming

avid Corrigan is going to be missed at Marine Harvest. After nearly 32 years at the company, most recently as manager of the research site at Ardnish in Lochailort, he has forged long lasting bonds, not least with the managing director. When Fish Farmer spoke to Corrigan, on his last day at work on June 24, he had just taken a call from Ben Hadfield. ‘He was very emotional because when he started with Marine Harvest he was sent to me for four days in his first week,’ said Corrigan. ‘I said back then, that boy is going places. Even though he was just feeding fish, he was asking lots of questions, he was bright.’ Corrigan, who says one of his strong points is sussing people out, was proved right. Hadfield ‘became environmental manager, and then production manager, then he got the job in Norway and now he’s back in Scotland running the ship’.

Industry Pioneer - July.indd 22

‘He phoned me and probably paid me the highest accolade I’ve had in Marine Harvest since I started,’ said Corrigan. ‘He said, you have been an ambassador not just for the company but for the whole of aquaculture and we will not forget you.’ For most of his career in the industry, Corrigan has had two jobs, his official one as a site boss and his unofficial role promoting the business he loves to a wider audience. He began at Marine Harvest in 1985, as a farm technician in Loch Linnhe, and by 1992 had been promoted to senior technician. He was then assistant manager for a number of years before moving to the feed trials unit at Ardnish, which was opened in 2007. While progressing through the company ranks, he was taken aside around 1989-1990 and asked to train as a facilitator. ‘The company had 900 employees at the time and we were in a bad way. They decided they wanted to involve every employee in how to make things better and make the company survive, so they formed a team of facilitators and I was probably the lowest ranking member. ‘We delivered this fantastic programme called Customer First, driven by the then production manager John Russell [now of Glenarm Organic Salmon in Northern Ireland). It made a huge difference, people were coming forward with ideas.’ Out of this company initiative came the Marine Harvest educational programme, pioneered by Corrigan.

Ardnish is “probably the

most visited ﬁsh farm in the world because I encouraged visitors, it’s something as an industry we need to do

”

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04/07/2016 10:09:26

Aquaculture’s agent

Opposite page: David Corrigan with colleague Phyllis MacDonald handing over a cheque to Highland Hospice in Fort William. Above: At one of his regular school visits. Photos: Iain Ferguson www.thewriteimage.co.uk

‘As an industry we didn’t promote ourselves. All you heard was bad news – fish farms do this and fish farms do that. Why didn’t we get out into the communities, to the councillors and to the politicians and tell them what we do? So we decided to start in the schools.’ Since then the programme has reached more than 15,000 pupils, said Corrigan, and some of the youngsters he spoke to in Primary 7 have now grown up and found jobs in the company, and at his farm site. He has been going to Lochaber High School every year to talk to fifth and sixth form pupils, none of whom would have considered working in fish farming. ‘I always start off by saying, please don’t be embarrassed but I know there is no one in this audience today who is going down the road of aquaculture. You’re going to university and you’ll do law and health or science, and they all agree because they don’t know anything about aquaculture, even though it’s on their doorstep. ‘There are 25,000 people in Lochaber and the vast majority haven’t a clue how we feed fish, how we farm fish, where they come

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Industry Pioneer - July.indd 23

from. There’s a gap there that needs to be filled. ‘We have 84 different positions in Marine Harvest, with health, processing, production, the lab, and the salaries are competitive. Aquaculture gives people the opportunity to stay local if they want to, and if they want to travel, we’re in Ireland, we’re in Norway, Chile and Canada, so there are a lot of opportunities.’ Corrigan has welcomed 657 visitors to Ardnish but he regrets that more is not done to extol the virtues of salmon farming. ‘If I had another life I’d come back and say to Ben, let me loose on the politicians and the councillors.’ He has been on first name terms with many of the Highlands and Islands MSPs, though he hasn’t got to know the new crop yet, and he loves the idea of a Marine Harvest visitor centre on Skye, which Hadfield is building, not far from the proposed location of the company’s feed plant. ‘Let’s encourage coach parties from down south - which I would have done before now - to stop in and find out what we do.’ He is worried that there will be no one to fill his boots when he leaves, not necessarily to run Ardnish, though that is a complicated job he says, but to lobby on behalf of the sector. He said he was first persuaded to represent the company by Marine Harvest business support manager Steve Bracken, who saw he was good with people and coached him to speak to politicians. Together, said Corrigan, they have been ‘at the forefront of promoting aquaculture and Marine Harvest’. ‘The SSPO [Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation], they have

04/07/2016 10:09:43

Industry pioneer – David Corrigan

to be more pro-active, they have to get out there; it has to happen. We still don’t do enough to promote the industry. ‘Ardnish is probably the most visited fish farm in the world because I encouraged visitors and it’s something as an industry we need to do. The vast majority say, oh this is a lot better than I thought it was, but they didn’t know until they came to visit. It’s a good news story and I say bring it on. ‘I’ve been lucky. Because of my positive approach to aquaculture, people have just let me go and do my own thing.’ Another of his ideas was to launch barbe-

Industry Pioneer - July.indd 24

Above: Corrigan with all three feed companies at Ardnish. Opposite page top: With the Ardnish team. below: With ward councillors at the Feed Trial Unit Ardnish

cues for the company, raising money for local charities. He has been running them for 20 years, attracting up to 1,000 people one year on Mull and getting many of them to try farmed salmon for the first time. Will he still go to them now he’s leaving? Corrigan said he will maintain his links with the company. He has told Hadfield he will always be on the end of the phone and will still promote the industry wherever he is. He plans to move to Ireland, where he and his partner Rosemary both have roots, to run a guest house in Donegal. They had been going there on holiday four or five times a year and decided to buy a house when the economy crashed seven years ago and property prices were cheap. They ended up with a hotel, but you get the impression Corrigan would have no trouble filling it. What would he say has been the best bit about the job?

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04/07/2016 10:11:26

Aquaculture’s agent

‘Meeting people and being given the opportunity to promote the industry, and changing people’s minds about the industry,’ he said And the worst bit? He laughs, perhaps because he can’t think of anything, but then says: ‘The learning curve was a big thing when we had escaped fish and disease, but it’s a young industry. With sheep and cattle they still make mistakes. It’s still a learning curve, 100 per cent.’ And does he think he’s leaving the place in good hands? ‘Yes I do, Marine Harvest needed a shake up and Ben is the right one to do it.’

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Industry Pioneer - July.indd 25

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Why didn’t we get out into the communities, to the councillors and to the politicians and tell them what we do? As for the industry, it has to be ‘much bigger’ he believes. ‘Aquaculture is job security for hundreds if not thousands of people in the Highlands of Scotland. ‘Arable land is not enough to feed people

”

so aquaculture done sensibly and sustainably has a sound, secure future for years to come if only we can change people’s attitudes. The industry has to get people to promote the business.’ FF

04/07/2016 10:11:51

AquaVision 2016 – Meeting Tomorrow Today

The task

AHEAD

Nutreco boss calls on industry to collaborate over reducing use of antibiotics

‘F

eeding the Future’ is Nutreco’s mission statement but it was the past that CEO Knut Nesse used in order to illustrate the task ahead when he opened AquaVision 2016 in Stavanger last month. In 2003, the Economist’s cover feature highlighted the promise of ﬁsh farming – the Blue Revolution – to feed the world. ‘Aquaculture’s promise is that, within the next three decades, it could produce most of the world’s marine produce,’ the magazine said back then. At the same time, it could help to alleviate poverty and food shortages in some of the world’s poorest countries. And if it is done well, it could help to safeguard marine resources for future generations.’ Doing it well was the underlying focus of the conference, during which

Aqua Vision - Nutreco .indd 26

senior representatives from the sector’s biggest players around the world came to hear talks on the theme, ‘Meeting Tomorrow Today’. Nesse gave some idea of how the industry has grown in the years since that report, as he welcomed more than 375 delegates from 35 countries to Norway. Nutreco has annual revenue of 5.7 billion euros and 11,000 employees. It invests 47 million euros each year in innovation. The company has taken on board the advice of AquaVision 2012 keynote speaker, former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, to invest in Africa, opening a feed plant in Nigeria and collaborating with Oxfam on small-scale catfish farming. Nutreco subsidiary Skretting, said Nesse, hopes to have 10 such projects in the future. Through the flexible use of feed ingredients, the industry has become a net fish protein producer but the way proteins are produced will be influenced by what Nesse called the ‘megatrend’ of AMR. Antimicrobial resistance, or antibiotic resistance , could kill 10 million people - more than cancer - by 2050, according to the World Health Organisation. In 2015, some 700,000 deaths were attributable to AMR. The irresponsible use

Left: Knut Nesse. Above: Conference moderator Pellegrino Riccardi, Skretting’s Steven Raﬀerty and Alex Obach. Opposite page: Lord Sebastian Coe. All Photos: Skretting/Jan Inge Haga

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04/07/2016 10:13:08

The task ahead

CHILE FEELS THE CHILL WHILE AquaVision was in progress in Stavanger, Chile’s National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (Sernapesca) published a report on the use of antibiotics in salmon farms in 2015, which amounted to 557 tonnes. Each producer was forced to reveal the detailed information after a demand from the environmental group Oceana. On May 31, the Court of Appeals of Santiago ordered Sernapesca to publish the information – requested by Oceana in 2015 – about antibiotics used by the salmon industry in Chile in the previous year. Of the 25 salmon farmers, 22 released detailed figures and Oceana is now calling for even greater transparency. The Chilean industry is uncompetitive compared to other salmon producing nations because farmers pay about $1 on antibiotics for every pound of salmon produced to combat salmon rickettsial septicaemia, according to Alfredo di Tello, head of the Chilean Salmon Technology Institute (Intesal).

Running commentary

of antibiotics by farmers, including fish farmers, is partly to blame and the industry needs to respond through preventative health and innovative nutritional solutions, said Nesse, calling for collaboration across the entire aquaculture value chain. Antibiotics are part of the negative perception of aquaculture and will increasingly figure in the public consciousness. ‘‘As leaders, it’s our responsibility to react. We are part of the future… but we need to reduce the use of antibiotics,’ he said. Although Nesse did not point the finger directly at Chile, others at the conference did, to the extent that Chile became one of the main themes of AquaVision 2016, but not in a good way. Marine Harvest CEO Alf-Helge Aarskog said later that his company had not used antibiotics in Norway for 10 years but not every country could boast the same record. Skretting managing director Steven Rafferty said at the conclusion of the conference that he and his colleagues were meeting with the large Chilean delegation present in Stavanger to work together to reduce antibiotic use. He also reminded the audience of the words of AquaVision 2006 speaker John Naismith, who said: ‘You have a great story to tell but you are not telling it.’ Eighty per cent of what he’d read about aquaculture was criticism of the industry. Rafferty echoed another common theme of this year’s gathering, the need for collaboration. The reputation of aquaculture depends on what everyone does, he said, and ‘our obligation is to look after the industry together’. AquaVision will next be held, again in Stavanger, from June 18 to June 20, 2018. FF

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Aqua Vision - Nutreco .indd 27

SEBASTIAN Coe, the keynote speaker at AquaVision 2016, identified young people as the key to spreading the word about aquaculture. It was important to have an all-encompassing vision that everyone could buy into, said Lord Coe, one of the greatest athletes of his generation who went on to lead London’s 2012 Olympics. ‘You need to know why you’re doing what you’re doing. You need every single person in your organisation to buy into it, so that you

“

have leadership at every level. And you need to know practically what the vision will result in.’ He told the industry to explain what aquaculture can achieve, especially in the third world, and he outlined the importance of communication. ‘Communicate the massive, massive difference your companies could make. And tell young people; young people now sit at all the moral hotspots, they will get it.’

As leaders, it’s our responsibility to react…we are part of the future

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04/07/2016 10:15:06

AquaVision 2016 – Meeting Today Tomorrow

Obstacles to revolution Marine Harvest CEO on how industry can get back on the growth track

arine Harvest is striving to lead the ‘blue revolution’ and change people’s minds about what to eat, but the challenge is how to make the salmon industry grow again. CEO Alf-Helge Aarskog told AquaVision 2016, ‘it’s hard to make a revolution with a product that’s diminishing’, as global supply decreases. The company, which delivers six million meals of fish a day across 80 countries, has applied for development licences for four innovative concepts, which Aarskog outlined to delegates on the first day of the conference. The ‘egg’, the marine ‘donut’, Beck’s cage, and the most recent idea – an ‘aesthetically pleasing’ dry bulk carrier rebuilt into an enclosed salmon farm, producing a lot of fish – will all be tested for optimal fish welfare and the most cost efficient solution will be chosen as the way forward. Since the conference, the company has said it plans to submit further applications for development licences in Norway – and that some of the concepts could eventually be deployed in Below: Alf-Helge Aarskog the other countries they operate in, though not Photo: Skretting/Jan in Chile at present. Inge Haga ‘The salmon industry must get back on the growth track. We need more production areas, we need to find alternative feed sources, new

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We need to know a lot more about what people like to eat

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Aqua Vision - Alf - Helge & Akva.indd 28

technology, and to solve our biological challenges cost effectively,’ said Aarskog. ‘Costs need to come down.’ He said that the world needs 47.5 million tonnes more seafood by 2050 and, with most fisheries at or over capacity, the blue revolution is not going to come from the wild side. Annual aquaculture consumption has gone up from 2kg per person in the 1980s to 10kg, ‘so we are going in the right direction’. But there was a huge imbalance still, he said, with some 70 per cent of the world’s surface covered by ocean but only two per cent of the calories we eat coming from this source. The industry must get people to eat more fish because the world is getting fat, said Aarskog. One billion people on the planet are fat to the point where it’s a medical problem. There are more people obese than starving because we are eating the wrong stuff – we need to eat a balanced diet, including seafood. ‘What decides if you’re going to eat salmon?’ asked Aarskog. ‘How do you know if someone likes something? Well, you ask.’ Marine Harvest stages promotions where it brings young people into a room, puts lots of seafood on the table and lets them eat. Then afterwards the company can see what they liked. ‘We need to know a lot more about what people like to eat. It’s also about convenience – we need to make products that are easy to take home and easy to cook and we need to teach people how to do it. It’s a long, long journey before we have a revolution in this.’ The revolution also depends on transferring knowledge and trust, being open and being transparent. Aarskog also said more and better product development was needed in the sector – ‘the potential for branding has not been fully exploited at all’. FF

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04/07/2016 10:16:28

AquaVision 2016

AKVA goes in deep Firm hails ‘exceptional response’ to Norway’s large scale experimentation drive

he Norwegian authorities are to be applauded for taking the brave decision to encourage large scale experimentation, said AKVA’s Trude Olafsen as she announced her company’s own innovative concept. AKVA has applied for six development licences with a new generation submersible fish farm that will open up additional areas for production. The idea of a submersible cage may not be new but this is an ambitious plan, designed with partners Egersund Net and Sinkaberg-Hansen. The Atlantis concept features a 160m circumference cage that would be submerged for longer periods – 80 to 90 per cent of the time, said Olafsen, AKVA’s manager of strategic innovation. The technology would address the need for air with a tube enabling fish to access the surface of the cage, but there are other challenges, such as underwater feeding, the safe lowering and raising of the cage, dead fish removal, cleaning, surveillance, risk management, and so on. The submersible system is designed for salmon but the technology would be easily adaptable for other species. Submerged farms would not only open up new areas but AKVA expects that sea lice would be ‘a minor problem’. Sea lice are driving innovation in Norway, she said, as there will be no new licences without greater biological control. She said the salmon sector had a long record in innovation – with the advances in feed, breeding and vaccines and medicines, all areas where research and development is ongoing. But after a long period of growth, the industry was now stagnating and costs were rapidly increasing. The Norwegian government’s decision to award licences for projects that involve significant innovation had received

Above: Trude Olafsen Photo: Trine Forsland

an ‘exceptional response’ from the industry. To date there had been 25 applications with one approved and this technological development would substantially contribute to growth, Olafsen predicted. But technology alone cannot boost innovation. Developing sustainable aquaculture also requires know-how and experience, a regulatory framework, ﬁnance, management and a market, she said. FF

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Aqua Vision - Alf - Helge & Akva.indd 29

04/07/2016 10:18:57

AquaVision 2016 – Meeting Today Tomorrow

Collective farming Sector must act as one to correct the shortcomings of governments

rofessor Ragnar Tveteraas of the University of Stavanger joked that it was easy to make a small fortune in aquaculture – ‘you just have to start with a much bigger one’ – but he said the sector has grown despite low economic returns for many farmers and for many suppliers. He blamed inaction by governments for under performance-‘we can never underestimate governments enough when it comes to aquaculture,’ he told delegates. The industry, he said, was ‘not important enough in the political market’ and always faced ‘insufficient attention’ from politicians. Collective industry action was needed to correct the shortcomings and failures of governments, and will allow the sector to grow and cut costs. Cutting costs was the main theme of his talk, on the first day of the conference, and he held up salmon farming as an example of cost efficient production, compared to species such as sea bass and sea bream. Salmon cost 2.80 euros per kg to produce in 2013, compared to 3.60 euros for sea bass and bream. Lower feed conversion rates, resulting in lower feed costs, have helped make salmon farming more efficient. And consolidation has reduced costs, as has increasing the size of farms, but there has nevertheless been an increase in production costs since 2005. He said ‘externalities’ can increase costs, directly through diseases or indirectly through regulatory regimes, and they can also limit the licence to produce from society. Sea bass and bream farmers have struggled to reduce production costs because they have not exploited economies of scale, and there has been a lack of collective action over Mediterranean species. The principal key indicators of Mediterranean aquaculture – growth, mortality and feed efficiency – have not progressed significantly in the sea bass and bream on-growing sector in the last 12 to 15 years and have, in fact, got worse. Tveteraas reminded delegates of a review produced by Bjorn Myrseth, president elect of the European Aquaculture Society, in 2014, highlighting the differences between the production and marketing of salmon in Norway and sea bass and bream in the Mediterranean. The feed conversion rates for sea bass (FCR 2.0) and sea bream (FCR 2.3) were considerably higher than for salmon (FCR 1.2). And genetic improvement work on salmon started in the 1970s, with considerable developments in the period 1993-2002. Diseases were a bigger problem for salmon but vaccination had significantly reduced the need for therapeutic treatments. More than 100 million euros was spent each year on research, with some

Aqua Vision - Ragnar & Pharmaq .indd 30

Cooperation on knowledge and “innovati on can make it possible to

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achieve growth and competitiveness 40 per cent coming from the salmon industry, and much investment from the feed companies. The salmon industry was also characterised in recent years by bigger sites, bigger cages, bigger working boats, and new materials in nets, moorings and so on, according to Myrseth’s review. Tveteraas said there is not one single recipe for global aquaculture but innovation was essential to maintain sustainable growth. ‘You cannot continue with the existing technologies and the present ways of doing things over time. We need innovations that improve the biological performance of aquaculture species,’ he said. Although different species require specific knowledge and technology, the industry as a whole is facing many common challenges, said Tveteraas, who believes many solutions could be found in greater cross-sector collaboration. ‘If aquaculture is to achieve the desired growth, it must invest in research and knowledge based innovations. ‘For many farmers, it will be too costly to find their own solutions. But cooperation on knowledge and innovation can make it possible to achieve future growth and competitiveness,’ he said. ‘Laissez-faire is not an option. FF

Above: Ragnar Tveteraas Photo: Skretting/Jan Inge Haga

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04/07/2016 10:19:51

AquaVision 2016

Vaccine hopes When it comes to sea lice, keep the tool box as big as possible

he lack of disease control is hampering growth, said Bernt Martinpart of the tool box. sen, Pharmaq’s director of sales in Europe, the Middle East, North In the Mediterranean, there had been a America and Chile. significant increase of oil based vaccines and a The company, part of the Zoetis group, with operations in Norway, subsequent reduction in antibiotic use – by 65the UK, Chile, Turkey, Spain, Vietnam, and North and Central America, 95 per cent in Greece for those that used the was the first to launch fish vaccines in Norway. vaccination, a significant reduction in Spain, and It has helped eradicate the use of antibiotics in salmon farming in Nora reduction of 76, 82 and 85 per cent in Turkey way following the introduction of vaccines for diseases such as furuncuin the three farms implementing oil based losis and vibriosis and, said Martinsen, will drive the same developments vaccinations. in other markets and species. The industry should learn from the successful Above: Bernt-Martinsen. In Chile, though, the use of antibiotics increased to 550 tonnes in 2015, Below: Vaccine progress practices in salmon aquaculture, but also from according to the latest report from Sernapesca. the mistakes, he said. Fish health control needs Pharmaq has come up with a new solution, its Alpha Ject Livac SRS, a investment and vaccine development is time live vaccine technology that was approved for use earlier this year after consuming and costly -antibiotics are still cheapbeing in development since 2010. The results have been very encourager, and that’s a challenge. FF ing so far, said Martinsen. On the subject of sea lice, there is drug resistance in all the salmon proIn Norway, PHARMAQ first in launching vaccines ducing countries, he said, but insufficient or poor treatment technology – eradicating the use of antibiotics can sometimes be mistaken for resistance. He believes the whole tool box of treatments is not being used effec1 400 000 60 000 Production of salmon and trout tively – the best strategy is to ‘keep the tool box as big as possible’ with Use of antibiotics 1 200 000 50 000 a combination of biological, pharmaceutical, vaccines, functional feeds, 1 000 000 40 000 technology and reduced exposure, among other elements. 800 000 30 000 No single tool should be repeated during a production cycle; cleaner 600 000 fish should be used wherever possible; there should be strict coordina20 000 400 000 tion between companies and sites, as well as enforcement of regulations 10 000 200 000 by the authorities; and non-medical and medical treatments should be 0 0 utilised.’ If there is ever a vaccination – and he said ‘we have seen encouraging results’ - it will not be the ultimate solution or a magic bullet but another Cold water vibriosis outbreak

First Cold water vibriosis vaccine

Classic vibriosis outbreak

First Furunculosis vaccine

Furunculosis outbreak

First six component vaccine

Use of antibiotics for salmon and trout (Kg active substance)

Production of salmon and trout (MT)

First Classic vibriosis vaccine

Source: CIHEAM, International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies, multiple scientific articles, PubMed

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Aqua Vision - Ragnar & Pharmaq .indd 31

04/07/2016 10:20:17

AquaVision 2016 – Meeting Tomorrow Today

Flexible feed

Skretting declares diets ﬁsh meal free with no adverse effects on salmon

kretting is no longer dependent on fish meal and can formulate diets without marine species, with no adverse consequences, said Alex Obach, managing director of the company’s Aquaculture Research Centre. The goal is not to eliminate fish meal completely but it will no longer be a limiting factor in the growth of the salmon industry, said Obach, who added that Skretting hopes to become fish oil independent too in the future and is seeing some interesting alternative products. Fish meal in salmon feeds has decreased from 25 per cent in 2009 to 10 per cent in 2012. Today, after four years of intense R&D effort, Skretting is ‘fully flexible’ and can formulate and produce grower diets for salmon without fish meal that will give the same growth and the same FCR. Fish meal is still a good raw material, said Obach, but it is a limited raw material. Among Skretting’s other recent innovations is a starter feed for shrimp, a high performance dry diet that dramatically reduces dependence on artemia (small crustaceans) - which are in limited supply and are not the natural diet of shrimp - and improves growth and survival. In nature, larvae feed on decaying proteins and microalgae in mangrove swamps and Skretting has used these raw materials in its shrimp pellets, deploying sophisticated technologies in micro extrusion. But broader challenges remain. Fish are not farmed in a sterile, clean environment and ‘we don’t control the environment’, said Obach. ‘We don’t control temperature, we don’t control oxygen and we very often don’t control salinity…and we don’t control disease.’ These challenges demand a collaborative approach from feed companies, the pharmaceuticals, farmers and geneticists. Feed must take the environment into consideration and Skretting has addressed the major problem of sea lice by developing a functional diet. While salmon can live happily with a few sea lice, the parasite has mainly become such a big problem because it has dramatically increases the cost of production. Farmers have been forced to change their husbandry and the cost of treatment is extremely high.

Skretting knew from the beginning that creating a functional feed was going to be a challenge and it engaged with two PhD projects, one at the University of Bergen and one at Aberdeen, to deal with two topics that were essential in the development of the diet. Linda Jensen in Bergen investigated skin and mucus structure and function of salmon, while Rebecca Heavyside in Aberdeen looked at the modulation of lice attachment. The functional diet underwent 40 trials and 50 functional ingredients were tested. Feed can be a key component in an integrated pest management strategy, ‘when the focus is not on treating and treating and treating but on monitoring and, especially and most importantly, focusing on prevention’. ‘Aquafeeds need to be adapted to the different life stages, not only from a nutritional perspective, but also taking into account environmental factors and disease challenges. ‘For the more complex issues (such as diseases and sea lice) we shouldn’t look for magic powders or silver bullets, we need a serious collaborative effort between industry stakeholders,’ said Obach. ‘I’m optimistic that there are no challenges in aquaculture that can’t be met if we continue and increase our focus on innovation and technical development.’. FF

For the “ more complex

issues we need a serious collaborative eﬀort between industry stakeholders

”

Above Alex Obach

We’re not the bad guys Marine ingredients are the best raw materials available, says IFFO director

ow has the image of marine ingredients as the bad guy come about? That was the question posed by Andrew Mallison, director general of IFFO. They are the best ingredients available, he said, but misinformation and competitions such as the ‘Fish Free Challenge’ had not helped their reputation. Fish meal and ﬁsh oil have a role to play in the ‘quality spectrum’ as the market for farmed ﬁsh becomes more sophisticated and

Aqua Vision - Obach - IFFO & GSI .indd 32

‘tiered’, with brands such as Label Rouge aimed at speciﬁc customers. Fish meal and oil have moved from being a commodity to a specialty, quality has improved and there is an increasing recovery of by-products, he said. But the marine ingredients sector needs to become more customer oriented, and there must be greater vertical collaboration. There has also been a shift eastwards, with countries such as Thailand now one of the big-

gest suppliers, competing with Peru and Chile. To address the volatility in the market, a new study into forage ﬁsh, part funded by IFFO, is examining the relationship between predator and prey abundance and the relationship between biomass and recruitment. The long term health and effective management of these stocks is essential to the ﬁsh meal and oil industry. Conducted by the University of Washington, the Forage Fish Ecosystem Management study

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04/07/2016 10:21:59

AquaVision 2016

Seize the initiative Salmon leaders are stronger together despite ‘cultural tensions’, says GSI consultant

is expected to be completed next year, said Mallison. IFFO has its own certification scheme – IFFO RS, a global standard and certification programme for the responsible supply of fish meal and fish oil - and IFFO RS compliant material has increased from 25 per cent of world production in 2010 to 45 per cent today. If marine ingredients are used to differentiate quality, the future for high quality fish is very good indeed, said Mallison. FF

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Aqua Vision - Obach - IFFO & GSI .indd 33

‘Knowing when you need friends can make a big difference when it comes to dealing with issues,’ he said. ‘I’m not saying that competitors shouldn’t compete, but quite often the problems that you are facing can only be dealt with by a group.’ He stressed the need to ‘simply tell the truth’ and spread the word about the beneﬁts of aquaculture. ‘If we don’t tell our story, then the only voice out there is people who want to destroy the industry. We spend too much time telling the story to each other and not enough time telling the world. ‘ He believed the story of salmon farming could be ‘more aggressively told’. FF

Above: Avrim Lazar (left)

and Pellegrino Riccardi Below: Motivational

speaker Jamie Anderson and Tassal CEO Mark Ryan

“

We spend too much time telling the story to each other and not enough time telling the world

”

All Photos: Skretting/Jan Inge Haga

he Global Salmon Initiative, launched in 2013, is a means for producers to address collective challenges but it has not managed to unite the whole industry. It currently represents about 50 per cent of worldwide salmon production, and last month added major feed companies to its existing 12 members. But in 2015, four leading salmon farmers – Scottish Sea Farms, Leroy, SalMar and the Scottish Salmon Company - pulled out of the organisation for undisclosed reasons. Avrim Lazar, consultant to the GSI, told AquaVision delegates that everyone in the group has a day job, so there will ‘always be a tension’ between the needs of their individual companies and the longer term needs of the industry. There was also a history of cultural tension between the north and the south, said Lazar, although GSI members represent companies in Norway, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, the Faroes and Chile. Describing himself as a social worker for CEOs, Lazar seemed to relish his role in coordinating his high-powered members and was on buoyant form in Stavanger. This might have been partly due to the announcement during the conference that Skretting, Biomar and Cargill had joined the GSI as associate members. Lazar, who also has clients in the forestry and energy sectors, said his salmon CEOs were different, perhaps because as leaders of a young industry they didn’t have the same sense of entitlement present in older industries. They are innovative, there is not the ‘we’ve always done things this way’ resistance to change, and they have an ‘instinct for evolution…they are light on their feet’. He also said forestry and energy were no longer dominated by the people who grew up in the industries but by money men, whereas in aquaculture most CEOs are ‘of the industry’ and have a passion and love for what they are doing. Lazar said working together and being transparent were the keys to growing the industry. Most CEOs understand collaboration because they already have a sense of community with each other – ‘if you’re a CEO you haven’t got many buddies!’ Being in the GSI gave them the chance to respond globally to criticisms of the industry.

04/07/2016 10:22:24

AquaVision 2016 – Meeting Tomorrow Today

The innovation

bug

American scoops top award for engineering an insect based feed alternative

len Courtright’s mission is to solve a very big problem with a very small organism. The founder of EnviroFlight, the pioneering company that won the DSM Innovation Award at AquaVision, believes bugs can save the world. American Courtright, who took home a 10,000 euro prize, was recognised for his work in the scalable production of black soldier fly larvae as a sustainable feed ingredient in aquaculture. It was while he was an engineer in the oil industry and working in Alaska in 2005 that he had what he calls his ‘aha!’ moment. He became interested in renewable energy, and this eventually led to the idea of making fuel from fat and protein-rich insects. The project soon transformed into an operation to take food waste, feed it to insects and produce oil, protein and fertiliser. Courtright, based in Yellow Springs, Ohio, chose the black soldier fly because it is native to North America, is ‘a voracious eating machine’ and not a pest. By a process of trial and error and after reading a lot of university research papers, he built three big prototype machines in which to raise black soldier flies – but the bugs kept dying. ‘What that led to was an incremental improvement of capability until we finally had that breakthrough where we could actually get our densities and make it predictable,’ he told Fish Farmer after receiving his award. ‘So after a really difficult three years, from 2009 to 2012, things fell into place and then we brought in our first round of financing through the Ohio Third Frontier [a local development fund].’ Up to that point, Courtright had invested his

Aqua Vision - Award + Yu Sato .indd 34

own money and that of a few friends, whose trust has paid off. ‘Things started clicking together and we began to do a series of optimisations. We went through countless versions but now we have an elegant approach.’ He won’t say any more about it at this stage but said he hasn’t seen anything else that looks like his ‘modular’ system. ‘We’re putting it together in building blocks so we won’t have to over manufacture a plant. We can add modules to meet customer demand.’ The pilot plant in Yellow Springs is currently producing food for the speciality pet (snakes, lizards, hedgehogs, sugar gliders) market. ‘We put it out in two different forms – one is a meal which is sold to a feed formulator and it’s 70 per cent black solider fly larva meal – we don’t call it insect meal because that puts people off. ‘We do a lot of work with universities in research and development and we also sell the larvae in its dried form, sold as a treat for people’s backyard chickens.’ Before it can be sold as aqua feed, Courtright is awaiting regulatory approval from the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), which works in conjunction with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). State approvals are also being sought, and a number have already been secured. ‘We know what we have is safe but we’re playing it very safe and playing

Above: Glen Courtright receives his prize from DSM’s Christian Martin. Photo: Trine Forsland

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04/07/2016 10:32:56

The innovation bug

of protein can be produced per acre per year, by farming vertically, and a crop can be raised every two weeks. The proteins from these insects can supplant fish meal as a sustainable source of protein. ‘We are raising the bug to feed the fish to feed the people.’ EnviroFlight was bought in February by US biotech company Intrexon, which will scale up production through a joint venture with Darling Ingredients. Courtright remains at the helm as CEO. He said he hopes to do a deal with the big fish feed companies and has had ‘a few talks’, but is trying not to ‘over promise’ at the moment. ‘This is a $60 billion animal feed business and some say insects could be a $1billion industry in a few decades. We’re in the very early stages. ‘We have an ingredient that has nutrition benefits and cannot be compared to something like soy beans. We look at it as a micro ingredient; it could be a natural flavour, a palatability enhancer, or a starter feed.’ EnviroFlight is looking at several sites to upscale production, in America initially, but in the long term Courtright said they could go overseas too, wherever the demand is. Research: Page 52. FF

‘Perfect’ together by all the rules,’ said Courtright, who is confident of being approved within the year. ‘We get inspected by the State of Ohio all the time, they check out our plant, they make sure our weights and measures are appropriate, our feed tags are accurate, they take product samples and send them off to the lab, they make sure we’re in compliance with what it says on the labels – it’s about consumer safety and not cheating the buyer.’ EnviroFlight only uses food approved by AAFCO to feed its flies, meal derived from excess production and then dried to form a powder. ‘Anything in the AAFCO guide we can use and we formulate a diet for the bugs like you’d formulate a diet for fish. You’ve got to get the bugs’ diet right to get the bugs right.’ He said bug survival is now ‘pretty good – we’re producing more than we can take to maturity at this point’. With his method, more than 1.2 million pounds

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Aqua Vision - Award + Yu Sato .indd 35

We went “through

countless versions but now we have an elegant approach

”

told delegates that Mitsubishi and its Above: Yu Sato, chairman of Cermaq. He farming suits Mitsubishi’s corporate subsidiary were a ‘perfect ﬁt’. Salmon te demand and use its network to crea to is h principles and its strategy, whic sustainable growth. supply a stable market and promote Photo: Skretting/Jan Inge Haga

04/07/2016 10:33:19

Health – Introduction

Appliance of science Growth of aquaculture depends on disease control

S industry leaders agreed when they gathered in Stavanger last month, the global growth of aquaculture depends on meeting the sector’s various health challenges. The industry invests vast resources every year in addressing disease, parasites and the environmental factors that contribute to poor health. It is, of course, in the interests of farmers to produce ﬁsh sustainably and reduce losses caused by poor health, and as the industry has developed around the world, so has the science devoted to maintaining ﬁsh health. Beyond the research institutes, improvements in farm husbandry and innovations in equipment have contributed to lower mortality rates, and the sharing of knowledge and experience has become a more formal process, through the many aquaculture workshops, seminars and conferences. Applied research involving commercial and academic partners is targeting persistent problems, such as sea lice, and biologists and veterinarians now play a vital role in any large aquaculture organisation and feed company. In the past 50 years, aquaculture has been transformed from a minor contributor to human nutrition to, in some nations, the largest food producing industry. As Ron Roberts, author of Fish Pathology and founder of Stirling’s Institute of Aquaculture, wrote in Fish Farmer last year: ‘None of this would have been possible without the contribution of the scientists and veterinarians who have discovered, diagnosed and controlled the plethora of ‘new’ diseases that have arisen in the course of development

Cleaner team

of intensive salmonid and shrimp production and, further aﬁeld, in the great contribution that tropical aquaculture is now making to feeding the developing world.’ Over the next few pages we look at some of the recent efforts to improve ﬁsh health, both in Scotland and around the world. FF

None of it would have been possible “ without the contribution of the scientists and veterinarians ”

Lumpsucker project aims to provide secure supply of ﬁsh to delouse salmon

Above: The project team taken on the day of the oﬃcial launch. Photo: Denny Conway, Institute of Aquaculture.

Health - Intro.indd 36

project to tackle sea lice through the farming of lumpsuckers has now begun in earnest, with a specialist team recruited and four main lines of research identiﬁed. The £2.12 million initiative is a collaboration between Marine Harvest Scotland, the Scottish Salmon Company, Otterferry Seaﬁsh, BioMar, Pharmaq and the Institute of Aquaculture at the University of Stirling, and is supported by £817,474 of funding from

the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC). Announced last November, the project agreement has been signed and work is getting underway, covering broodstock management, nutrition, cage deployment, and health and welfare. Dave Cockerill, head of fish health at Marine Harvest Scotland, said: ‘Currently, the industry is reliant on wild-caught lumpsucker broodstock, from which farmed juvenile lumpsuckers are grown and used for delousing farmed salmon. ‘However, if we are to achieve our ambition of significantly reducing the use of medicines by upscaling our use of cleaner fish, we need access to an increased, secure and sustainable supply of farmed broodstock and juveniles. ‘At Marine Harvest Scotland alone we could be looking to deploy more than two million lumpsuckers each year by 2020.’ Spanning three years, the research project

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04/07/2016 10:38:42

Health – SAIC

At Marine Harvest Scotland “alone we could be looking to

deploy more than two million lumpsuckers a year by 2020 aims to tackle a range of commercial bottle necks and objectives, supported by a much better understanding of lumpsucker biology and behaviour in captivity. Professor Hervé Migaud, deputy director of the Institute of Aquaculture, said: ‘While evidence from farms clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of lumpsuckers at consuming sea lice, research is required to improve the reliability of this innovative biological pest management strategy. ‘The challenge for us, the project team, is to fast-track the domestication of a new marine species through the development and implementation of a suite of protocols to control breeding, nutrition, disease and deployment into salmon cages, while also ensuring good welfare. ‘This is a great example of collaboration between academia and industry with experts from different research groups at the institute joining forces to study the full lifecycle and key physiological traits.’ This latest project is the fourth in a series

”

Right: Lumpsucker supply will be increased

of SAIC supported cleaner fish initiatives, the key learnings from which will be shared across the industry. SAIC CEO Heather Jones said: ‘Knowledge exchange is a huge part of what we do and we’re planning to host a dedicated workshop in early 2017 where partners from the different cleaner fish projects can meet to share the insights being made. ‘Longer term, the goal is to produce a comprehensive how-to guide to cleaner fish that the whole industry can share in and benefit from.’ FF

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04/07/2016 10:42:09

Health – SSPO

Getting to grips with gills Multi-national meetings are valuable knowledge exchange

quaculture specialists from Scotland, Ireland, Australia and Norway met in Stirling last month to promote better understanding of health issues in the industry. The Gill Health Initiative (GHI), the fourth in a series of meetings, was hosted by a multi-national steering committee, chaired by Neil Ruane from Marine Institute Ireland, and attracted more than 120 professionals representing salmon farmers, feed companies, pharmaceutical interests, veterinary medicine and academia. It followed on from a recent gill health workshop in Scotland and GHI steering group member Dr Iain Berrill, research and data manager of the Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation, said there was a broad range of talks, which covered challenges apart from AGD, including presentations on jellyfish and cleaner fish. The discussion sessions at the end of the day, in particular, highlighted other gill health concerns and there was an acknowledgement that the Gill Health Initiative, first set up in 2013, now needs to broaden out on its original remit. There have been four meetings since the initiative was set up with a primary focus on AGD, drawing together the Norwegians, Scots and Irish with the Tasmanians, who have had considerable experience in this field, said Berrill. ‘We’re managing AGD much better here – obviously the Tasmanians have got a completely different situation – and that allows us to focus on other areas of gill health. The next meeting will see more talks on other things that cause gill challenges.’ Most of the sessions this time round though focused on AGD, starting with regional updates from the Norwegian Veterinary Institute, the Fish Vet Group in Scotland and Chile, and Ireland’s Vet Aqua International. The initiative is designed to bring industry and

Health - SSPO.indd 38

Top: Neil Ruane Middle: Iain Berrill Bottom: David Telford Opposite page: Close up of a ﬁsh gill

academics together, invigorate research activity and disseminate best practice. Hopefully, in future it will become much more applied, said Berrill, looking at what’s working on the ground and what’s not. Last month’s two-day event, held from June 9-10 at the University of Stirling, allowed for good conversations in the sidelines and gave the industry a chance to question scientists about their work. ‘The importance of these talks is that we have people from each country giving their thoughts – we had quite a few presentations from the Tasmanians, and the Norwegians, and a couple giving a good overview of current research in Scotland,’ said Berrill. As one of the remits of the initiative was to identify knowledge gaps, research funders were invited this time, with representatives of the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC) and the Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN) attending. David Telford of KTN liaised with BBSRC and NERC and gave an update, which Berrill described as ‘valuable’, alerting people to speciﬁc avenues of more fundamental science funding, with Jason Cleaversmith of SAIC providing an overview of how researchers could apply for funding for more applied projects. Feed, pharmaceutical and other support industries are also regular attendees at the GHI meetings. ‘The feed companies and the pharmaceuticals are always present at the initiatives now, which is really good news,’ said Berrill, ‘and acknowledging the requirement to look at gill health and investing in their own research streams and trying to identify tools that we can use. ‘When AGD ﬁrst emerged in 2011-2012 the industry in Scotland was not clear whether it was a transient, intermittent problem or whether it was going to be a more long term challenge.

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04/07/2016 10:43:29

Getting to grips with gills

The AGD problem is still “ present but we manage it much more eﬀectively now ”

‘We understood very quickly that it is a problem we need to manage over the longer term and that has encouraged feed companies and pharmaceuticals to invest in research. That’s exactly what they’re doing now.’ There were also sessions on genetics and breeding against AGD – with talks from Alistair Hamilton of Landcatch and CSIRO in Tasmania - and that seems to be an area where there is some potential, said Berrill He said there is a lot of exchange between the diﬀerent nations, both from a research and an applied perspective, but there are obstacles. ‘There are challenges with funding research that seeks to draw in groups from outside of Europe – it’s always been a challenge getting funders to look at ‘across the globe’ funding initiatives but there are some opportunities present. ‘One steering group member has applied for a COST action that will include gill health and which would provide funding to build networks to exchange information. That’s European funding but it does allow for

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Health - SSPO.indd 39

other groups, specifically in Tasmania and New Zealand, to join the network. ‘That won’t just be on gills but it allows people to come forward and network and discuss research that’s going on. ‘The team at CSIRO and the team at the University of Tasmania have been over on numerous occasions and they have good working links with people in Europe.’ It’s a two-way thing, about learning, identifying gaps and avoiding unnecessary duplication, said Berrill. ‘The Tasmanians have been dealing with this for many years and have a lot of experience as it’s such a significant issue for their industry. ‘They are probably considered globally as experts but now our researchers and our guys on the ground have rapidly come up to speed on things. The research we are doing here is very impressive.’ The next Gill Health Initiative will be held in April 2017, in Bergen, and there will be a new chair of the steering group, Christine Huynh, the senior health manager of Tassal in Tasmania. The steering group is made up from two representatives from each of the four countries primarily involved in the initiative, one from research and one from industry. For Australia there are two research representatives – Barbara Nowak and Mat Cook – and the industry person is Christine; for Norway, there is Anne-Gerd Gjevre of the Norwegian Veterinary Institute and Gordon Ritchie, Marine Harvest and GHI co-chair; Ireland is covered by Neil Ruane and Mar Marcos Lopez of Vet Aqua International; with Berrill and Sandra Adams of Stirling University from Scotland.. The overwhelming response to the meetings has been positive, said Berrill, and the intention is to continue holding them at yearly intervals. ‘They have helped focus our attention on gills and helped us get to grips with the AGD problem. It’s still present but we manage it much more effectively now.’ FF

04/07/2016 10:43:52

Health – Tassal

In for the long haul Tasmanians ﬁnd much to be gained from global cooperation

hristine Huynh, senior manager of fish health for Australian salmon farmer Tassal, will be the new chair of the Gill Health Initiative steering group. Tasmania’s experience with AGD began in 1986, shortly after the first salmon farms were established there, and it remains the most significant health problem affecting salmon in the warmer conditions of the region. Australian expertise, therefore, has been invaluable in global attempts to combat the challenge. Freshwater baths have been used to treat Above: Christine Huynh AGD in Tasmania since the late 1980s. This has worked since day one, said Huynh, although the disease is still a financial burden for the industry. In Tasmania, AGD started as a seasonal issue but has become a year round problem, which is probably the way it will go in Scotland, said Huynh. ‘If you look at Ireland, it was a seasonal issue, mainly in the summer, but that has now extended out quite substantially. We can’t be sure why that happens but we’re doing a lot more research into it.’ CSIRO, the Sydney based Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, conducts research funded by Tassal – projects that also help the salmon industry worldwide. The company believes there is much to be gained from global cooperation on health issues. But there is a problem with the way the funding models work at the moment, said Huynh. ‘There are research projects that are being repeated overseas that have already been done in Australia, or are underway. ‘So, as an industry, we really need to

“

As an industry, we really need to streamline our research priorities

”

Health - SSPO.indd 40

streamline our research priorities and tell the research institutes what these are so they have a better idea of what the industry needs –perhaps we need a forum online to say what research projects are coming up. ‘Then it’s up to the research institutes and the funding providers to drive that commercial output so other countries don’t go over the same ground that Australia has covered.’ The problems are not exactly the same, however. In Australia, the suite of pathogens are different to those in Scotland. Despite that, the countries could collaborate a lot more on AGD related research and hydrozoan (small jellyfish that grow on the side of the nets) related research, an area she believes the Gill Health Initiative could look at. There seems to be a big will to cooperate among international scientists. Will the companies cooperate to this extent too? ‘For us that’s not a problem at all,’ said Huynh. ‘The more you can improve international management of gill health, and the more you can learn off each other, the more every business is going to benefit. Health isn’t a factor that needs to be competitive. ‘So long as people are willing to collaborate we can at least get more players around the table to bring extra knowledge. ‘I think we’re at the tip of the iceberg. We’ve got researchers who understand the diagnostic tests well, but we need to look at things like integrated pest management, for example, and that might mean bringing in veterinary experts in parasite management to lead the way. ‘Or we might decide we need to understand the epidemiology of the disease and how it transfers, and what type of research we need to do…and that’s another expert we can have in the room.’ She thinks sea lice are interesting but is ‘forever grateful that we don’t have that problem. Now I’m going to knock on wood and find the nearest tree and hug it!’ Apart from gill health, seals also pose a problem for Tasmania’s salmon farmers – as do native sharks, which create the holes in nets – ‘they’re very good at it’, said Huynh. She can’t predict how big a problem this will be as Tassal develops its new offshore sites in Storm Bay - ‘we won’t know until we deploy some nets’. But she said there are a lot of surveys required for environmental impact statements so the company understands the species that are around the area. FF

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04/07/2016 10:45:09

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One injection

* For active immunisation of Atlantic salmon to reduce clinical signs (heart lesions and pancreas lesions), viremia, viral shedding and mortality from infection with SPDV (Pancreas disease) and to reduce mortality from infections with IPNV (Infectious pancreatic necrosis) and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (furunculosis).

Use medicines responsibly. For more information visit www.noah.co.uk/responsible AquaVac® PD3 is only available via your animal prescriber or veterinary surgeon from whom advice should be sought. AQUAVAC PD3 contains Salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV), Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Legal category POM-V AquaVac® PD3 is the property of Intervet International B.V. or affiliated companies or licensors and is protected by copyrights, trademark and other intellectual property laws. Copyright © 2016 Intervet International B.V. All rights reserved. Further information is available from: MSD Animal Health, Walton Manor, Walton, Milton Keynes MK7 7AJ Tel: 0370 060 3380 • vet-support.uk@merck.com • www.msd-animal-health.co.uk

msd-animal-health.com

Untitled-2 1

04/07/2016 10:46:07

Health – SAMS

BY PROFESSOR JOHN DAY

Culture course

Scientists address juvenile feed bottle neck with alternative algae

he importance of aquaculture to food security throughout the world has been reinforced with the recent announcement that aquaculture produce has surpassed traditional fisheries. More than 50 per cent of finfish and shellfish consumed are now produced through aquaculture, and the expansion of the global industry has resulted in major changes in how we use the sea. The industry provides great potential in ensuring the sustainability of high quality foods to feed an ever expanding global population and generates economic growth in coastal communities worldwide. But there is one potential bottle neck that has limited the industry’s expansion, a restriction that researchers at the Oban based Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) have been looking to alleviate: the supply of juveniles for grow-out. Ninety per cent of finfish and shellfish produced by the aquaculture industry have juvenile or larval life stages that are micro-planktivorus, that is, they graze on microscopic unicellular algae as their major food. The supply of microalgae to feed larvae and juveniles has been widely recognised as a significant bottle neck to the aquaculture industry. A very small range of algae have so far been employed as food organisms in hatcheries. Conventionally, these algae are cultured in batch systems with low productivity levels and significant susceptibility to failure, or ‘culture crashes’. There has been little systematic work to explore the potential of alternative food organisms. But screening of algae held in the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa at SAMS has revealed lipid profiles better than those of currently employed marine and freshwater algae. If utilised, these could enhance productivity and potentially reduce the current constraints on expansion of the sector. The scientists have also found that many species of microalgae

Health - SAMS & FVG.indd 42

are capable of using sugars as their energy source, in addition to sunlight. Such species can therefore achieve much higher cell densities than microalgae cultures grown under light alone. Work to explore this further is currently being undertaken by the SAICHATCH project, an industry-academic collaboration comprising the Scottish Shellfish Marketing Group, UHI (SAMS and NAFC), Stirling’s Institute of Aquaculture, Highlands and Islands Enterprise and the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC). A complementary PhD project is being funded by the European Structural and Investment Fund. SAMS’ collection of algae and protozoa is ‘a little bit like a botanic garden or a zoo, but for microscopic creatures’, according to Anuschka Miller, SAMS head of communications. ‘They are held in many fridges. This is actually Above: Mussel larvae. the most diverse collection of its kind in the world. We sell the cultures and we curate the cultures. ‘We are also a depository, so if you have a business that creates an antibiotic that is made from a marine alga, you might want to have a strain living somewhere else as a backup and we can provide that.’ FF

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 10:47:20

Health

Above: LG Sonic claims its system can help combat HABs

could “These enhance

productivity and potentially reduce the current constraints on expansion of the sector

”

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

Health - SAMS & FVG.indd 43

Ultra solution? How cutting edge Dutch technology could help halt algal blooms in Chile CHILE, the second largest exporter of salmon worldwide, reported more than 23 million fish deaths in the Lakes Region (X Región de Los Lagos) after the harmful algal blooms from February to April. The economic impact of lost production was up to $800 million, with 10,000 jobs axed and an increase in the price of salmon worldwide. Now the Dutch company LG Sonic, which has developed a solution to control algae on large water surfaces such as lakes and reservoirs, is discussing its technology with the industry. Although the company is mainly active in freshwater lakes and reservoirs, it is conducting tests to implement its environmentally friendly technology in salt water areas. Research by Dubó (2012) at the Catholic University of Chile shows that ultrasound is an effective solution for reducing algae in lab conditions. ‘The use of low power (less than 10 KW/m2) combined with long exposition time (more than one minute) indicates an efficient strategy to treat HABs at a commercial scale,’ the researchers found. As a result of the study, LG Sonic

is investigating the possibilities of helping the salmon industry to solve its problem. ‘At the moment we are in contact with the salmon industry to discuss the next steps to implement ultrasonic technology in order to monitor and control the algal blooms,’ says Falco Aguilar, project manager Latin America at LG Sonic. LG Sonic’s ultrasonic algae control systems contain detailed monitoring equipment, providing a complete overview of the water quality, which enables them to control the algae accordingly using ultrasound. The real-time monitoring of essential water quality parameters (such as dissolved oxygen and temperature) and algae indicators (such as chlorophyll a and phycocyanin) enables the prediction of algal blooms. The early detection of HABs is important since it allows ﬁsh farmers to make decisions to minimise the damage to their operations. The application of ultrasound in a marine environment, and speciﬁcally to the salmon industry, can reduce the algae whose toxins are causing massive numbers of salmon deaths.

04/07/2016 12:16:02

Health – Water quality

BY ABBY IRISH

Get to know H2O

Monitoring sites for warning signs can help mitigate against HAB losses

O Top: Neoceratium. Above: Chaetoceros (top), Bacillaria. Opposite page: Upwell post bloom water: a. Pleurosigma spp, b. Coarse organic matter, c. Grazing zooplankton, d. Planktonic snow

Health - SSC.indd 44

f the many environmental challenges facing farmed fish, water quality is one that can often wreak devastation within a few short hours. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can occur anywhere and at any time and can be very difficult to predict. The impacts, however, are very obvious and Marine Scotland Science estimates that 4.7 million fish were lost in Scotland alone between 1999 and 2005, and in Skye and the Outer Hebrides, mortality due to either jellyfish or harmful algal blooms accounted for 10 per cent of the total number of fish loss or 17 per cent of the total biomass lost. While HABs can be – and are – tracked using satellite imagery and there are food safety monitoring programmes in place, the onus falls to individual sites to monitor water quality and over time generate site specific plankton patterns. There are limited options against the classic advection blooms which are wind and current driven and arrive on site with little or no warning. But minor adjustments can be made to daily husbandry that can mitigate against losses from lesser blooms that may develop on site if water quality is monitored daily. By looking at daily water samples, it is possible to predict potential gill damage and night time

oxygen crashes. While an element of these can potentially cause losses, husbandry steps can be initiated to reduce the effect, such as ceasing feeding earlier in the day to ensure that digestion isn’t peaking when oxygen is low during hours of darkness. Daily water monitoring also allows for a picture of gill challenges to be built up ahead of any planned husbandry events, such as grading or bath treating. So too for smolt transfers, advanced monitoring of water quality at a site ahead of transfers can prevent fish being transferred into bloom conditions, which can result in mortality from either low oxygen at a very stressful time or from physical damage as the smolt respond to stress by burrowing into the net. In order to be able to read a water sample, a basic understanding of the primary species of concern, and the impact they may have on fish, is required. The diatoms, usually seen in spring and autumn, are responsible for most of the physical damage/irritation (such as the numerous Chaetoceros spp) that occurs to gills during bloom conditions, although there are species that can have a toxic response, such as Pseudonitzchia spp. Due to the fact that diatoms can bloom very quickly under good conditions, all species should be considered to be oxygen depletors if occurring in high cell count numbers. The predominant types of phytoplankton seen in water samples during summer months are the dinoflagellates, which are primarily toxic and have a greater impact on the shellfish industry than aquaculture, but some dinoflagellates- such as Karenia mikimotoi and Alexandrium tamarense- have been implicated in major losses. There are also some dinoflagellates that are both toxic and mechanically damaging, such as Neoceratium spp.

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 10:58:32

Get to know H2O Water samples hold so much more information than just whether a nuisance species is present or not. Through the use of indicator species, a water sample can also reveal the risk of onsite bloom formation, the stage of the bloom and what the dominant species is, the potential impact or effect on fish, and in some cases can help determine the way that currents move through sites. In order for a bloom to be able to develop it requires, as a minimum, sufficient nutrients, light, temperature and ‘parent stock’. Nutrient loading of water can occur in a number of ways: through terrestrial run-off, upwell or through advection currents which bring nutrient rich water on to site. Upwelling events can occur following periods of adverse weather conditions or through thermo- or halocline inversions. Two of the best indicator species that show an upwell event has occurred are Pleurosigma spp and Bacilliaria spp. Both of these are pennate diatoms that are present in the benthic layer. Their presence in mid/upper level water trawls, such as are carried out on site, would suggest that water has been brought up from depth. Other indicators of possible nutrification of the water column would include coarse organic matter particles, such as peat from run-off or bits of weed or broken exoskeletons that can imply adverse weather stirring up the water. Another important group of organisms to look out for in water samples are the grazing zooplankton, such as crustacean or fish larvae that will appear in increasing numbers as a bloom develops, as well as the predatory zooplankton such as the Appendicularia, which suggest the waning of a bloom. Grazing zooplankton are very efficient at controlling diatom growth as their presence in a water sample will often suggest that the worst has passed. Even if numbers of grazing zooplankton appear low, the presence of faecal pellets or ‘planktonic snow’ can also be used as indicators of a waning bloom. In depth knowledge of water quality at a site can therefore provide valuable information when planning husbandry events such as transfer, treating, grading and net changing. It also allows a greater understanding of the challenges that are faced by fish, what possible impact these challenges might have on health and welfare,

Fish Farmer VOLUME 38

NUMBER 10

OCTOBER 2015

1977

CATCHING THE BUG

AN AQUA-TONIC

The insects for feed business about to take off

Investigating growth potential in fledgling field

INDUSTRY PIONEER

From managing salmon farms to managing markets

In depth knowledge can provide “ valuable information when planning husbandry events ”

SUBSCRIBE TO

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Serving worldwide aquaculture since

and allows for mitigation eﬀorts to be implemented to reduce any potential losses or damage to the ﬁsh. Abby Irish is head of biology at the Scottish Salmon Company. FF

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04/07/2016 10:59:14

Health - MSD

Supporting role MSD completes vaccination programme with three in one AQUAVAC PD3

SD Animal Health, the market leader in aquaculture welfare (known as Merck Animal Health in the US and Canada), has completed the world’s first commercial vaccination programme of AQUAVAC PD3, the single injection vaccine that protects against the three main pathogens affecting salmon in the UK. AQUAVAC PD3 is a single injection vaccination to protect against the common diseases facing the industry, including pancreas disease, infectious pancreatic necrosis and furunculosis. Replacing the previous regime of two injections, AQUAVAC PD3 significantly cuts down on the potential negative impact of handling fish, while reducing the time required by fish farmers to administer successfully the single dose. Working with Scotland’s leading salmon producers, MSD Animal Health Aquaculture has been undertaking the programme across Scotland to inoculate farmed salmon since the vaccine’s launch in 2015. Results revealed a variety of benefits set to improve the health of the fish. These included a noted increase in weight, a reduction in viraemia, PD-related heart and pancreas lesions, and a significant improvement in protection against pancreas disease compared to groups vaccinated with NORVAX Compact PD and commercial bivalent vaccines. With the increase in weight, farmers can transfer larger fish to sea. The one-shot vaccination also means fish experience less stress, reducing time off of feed and, ultimately, reducing vaccination costs. A reduction in lesions was also noted, meaning when fish are challenged with the SPDV virus, the impact is reduced. The better protection for PD means infected fish will recover faster and return back to feeding normally, which in turn boosts growth. As a crucial tool in ensuring proactive fish welfare, AQUAVAC PD3 is the latest in a line of successful treatments improving fish health among farmed salmon and trout.

Dafydd Morris, business manager of aquaculture at MSD Animal Health Aquaculture, said: ‘We have invested heavily in R&D to enable us to launch AQUAVAC PD3. ‘The three pathogens remain a significant challenge for the industry and we are continually seeking ways to improve salmon health as they travel through each life stage. ‘Our role is to support fish farmers to ensure that their stock remains as healthy as possible. Alongside the production of the vaccine, we support an on-site audit programme, as well as working with farmers to maximise the benefits of the vaccine. ‘MSD Animal Health’s AQUAVAC Monitor analyses the uptake and efficacy of the vaccination programme and the results will be made available in due course.’ Chris Beattie, head of global aquaculture at Merck Animal Health, said: ‘AQUAVAC PD3 was developed in response to requests from fish farmers for a combination vaccine that protects against major diseases with a single injection. ‘As the global demand for seafood continues to grow, MSD Animal Health is committed to working with our customers to provide innovative solutions such as AQUAVAC PD3, which can help Scottish salmon farmers save time and increase productivity while protecting against the most common diseases facing the industry.’ FF

We work “ with farmers to maximise the beneﬁts of the vaccine

”

Health - MSD.indd 46

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04/07/2016 11:10:48

Advertorial

Results breakdown

Approved indications AQUAVAC PD3 is indicated for the active immunisation of Atlantic salmon to: Reduce clinical signs (heart lesions and pancreas lesions), viraemia, viral shedding and mortality from infection with pancreas disease (SPDV); Reduce mortality from infections with infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPNV); Reduce mortality from infections with furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida s ubsp. salmonicida).

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Health - MSD.indd 47

Above: Improved protection. Opposite page: Combination vaccine has a variety of beneﬁts

AQUAVAC PD3 vaccinated group provides significantly improved protection against pancreas disease than the groups vaccinated with NORVAX Compact PD and commercial bivalent vaccines. A significant reduction in viraemia and in PD related heart and pancreas lesions was shown after SPDV challenge 500 degree days post vaccination. Weight gain: Fresh water phase: AQUAVAC PD3 fish 17.6g (12.81 per cent) bigger. Pre-harvest: AQUAVAC PD3 fish bigger in both small grade (389g, 11.2 per cent, statistically significant) and large grade (230g, 5.3 per cent, not statistically significant). Laboratory tests and field trials demonstrated that AQUAVAC PD3 provided at least 16 months’ protection against furunculosis and at least 15 months’ protection against pancreas disease. In addition, trials demonstrated a reduction in shedding of salmon pancreas disease virus. Protection against mortality due to IPNV infection has been demonstrated at four months in the field.

04/07/2016 11:11:15

Health - Benchmark

Highland clearance Major ‘breakthrough’ in sea lice treatments with Salmosan Vet All-in-One

almon producers working closely with Benchmark Animal Health have confirmed what they believe to be a major breakthrough in sea lice treatment strategies. Field trials have established that by strategically timing the introduction of Salmosan Vet to low salinity water treatments there are significant improvements in overall treatment efficacy. Importantly, this improvement is still notable within sea lice populations where multiple resistance profiles have been identified. An additional effect has been shown on the Chalimus (attached) life stages of sea lice, previously unaffected by azamethiphos treatments. Benchmark Animal Health is recommending that producers use these findings to evaluate the benefits for their own operations in order to achieve effective treatment of all stages of sea lice in one bath treatment. Known as the Salmosan Vet All-in-One programme, the elevated sea lice clearance rates recorded on salmon farms in Scotland have the potential to provide considerable production and financial benefits to individual sites and the wider industry. Collaborative research and trial highlights In 2014, the company initiated a number of low salinity tank trials as part of an ongoing research programme designed to establish optimal treatment options for Salmosan Vet. Following on from these initial tank trials, salmon producers in Scotland began farm based evaluations and achieved extremely positive results. The recent conclusion to these studies has established significantly improved efficacy across a number of treatment parameters. Treatment water was sourced from freshwater inlets and transported within a wellboat to farm cages. The process of transferring the salmon from the marine environment into the treatment well raises the salinity to around 1-3ppt. Fish were held in the low salinity water for two hours prior to Salmosan Vet being introduced for one further hour.

The “ programmes

now in operation demonstrate the potential to improve fish health and welfare

”

The commercial trials included: Commercial farm treatments with a range of fish sizes; Varying levels of sea lice burdens; Sea lice populations previously identified as resistant to azamethiphos and other chemotherapeutants (multi-resistant lice). The results established: Up to 100 per cent reduction of viable sea lice of all life stages (attached and mobile); Up to 100 per cent effective against high levels of sea lice infestation; Up to 100 per cent efficacy in populations resistant to azamethiphos and other chemotherapeutants; The field based results fully confirmed the findings of the tank and laboratory trials established by Benchmark Animal Health.

Benchmark.indd 48

Above right: Benchmark Animal Health undertaking sea lice counts in Scotland

Synergistic effect of low salinity water exposure to sea lice Low salinity water is known to disrupt the osmoregulation of free-swimming sea lice, resulting in mortality after exposure. In the All-in-One treatment programme the physiological stress experienced by sea lice in the two-hour exposure to low salinity water significantly increases their vulnerability to Salmosan Vet when it is introduced for the final hour. Salmosan Vet is the only azamethiphos treatment that can be used for a full one-hour treatment at temperatures above 10°C. Benchmark Animal Health confirms that the All-in-One programme complies with the existing SPC (Summary of Product Characteristics) guidelines for Salmosan Vet and the label indicated dose and withdrawal period applies. While freshwater treatments alone have demonstrated some efficacy against sea lice, the treatment times are prolonged and costly. The addition of Salmosan Vet not only achieves

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04/07/2016 11:12:28

Advertorial

higher sea lice clearance rates, but also improves fish welfare by avoiding the stress of extended handling times. By achieving high clearance rates of all life stages, a second treatment with Salmosan Vet may not be necessary. This financial saving, coupled with the overall reduction of chemical treatments in the industry as a whole, is a major step forward. Ongoing collaboration Robert Reilly, Benchmark Animal Health technical manager, said: ‘We believe that the Salmosan Vet All-In-One treatment programmes now in operation demonstrate the potential to improve fish health and welfare, mitigate the issue of resistance and provide a substantial improvement in integrated sea lice control. ‘The operational cost benefit for producers underlines the economic advantages. We are aware of a number of new producers now starting or planning to establish Salmosan Vet All-in-One

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

Benchmark.indd 49

programmes and we would encourage producers to contact us prior to deployment on their farms. ‘We have gained valuable experience regarding water quality parameters and it is vital that these are managed properly during treatments. We will have further feedback to share with the industry soon and we hope to publish further updates in due course.’ The Salmosan Vet All-In-One treatment programme fits the Benchmark Animal Health strategy of investing in continual development and

innovation to meet the needs of customers and the broader industry. Recognised for purity and high efficacy in sea lice control, Salmosan Vet is the global leader in azamethiphos treatments for salmon. For further information contact Robert Reilly at Robert.Reilly@bmkanimalhealth.com or call 0131 445 8676. Salmosan Vet is supplied through the Fish Vet Group, a wholly owned subsidiary of Benchmark Holdings PLC. www.benchmarkplc. com www.salmosan.net. FF

SALMOSAN VET ALL-IN-ONE Three-hour bath treatment Stage 1 - Salmon introduced to freshwater, salinity rises to around 1-3 ppt. Stage 2 - Bath treatment for two hours in low salinity water Stage 3 - Salmosan Vet introduced for the final hour (third hour) Stage 4 – Salmon reintroduced to cages 49

04/07/2016 11:12:51

Health – Bio-Industries

Nature’s

way Unit 66D Heather Road, Sandyford Business Park, Dublin D18W407, Ireland. Tel (353) [01] 2941025 Fax (353) [01] 2941027 Web: www.bio.ie

FOR PUBLICATION - PRESS RELEASE

Major Breakthrough in Ammonia/Nitrite Control for Aquaculture

No More Waiting for Nitrification . . . . New Product controls Ammonia-Nitrite until Nitrification begins . . . .

Dublin, Ireland – 15thth. February 2016

They say you can’t teach an “old dog new tricks” ... but a small Bio-Tech company in Dublin, Ireland is about to change all that ! Bio-Industries Ltd. has created FirstBIO™, an extraordinary new natural biological product that immediately starts to control Ammonia-Nitrite by using a novel method of removal which no longer requires adding nitrifiers and waiting for nitrification. Ammonia/Nitrite removal is no longer dependent on stabilizing water conditions to establish nitrifying populations to start the Nitrification Cycle. At the same time FirstBIO™ improves overall water conditions by stabilizing pH which leads to BY JOHN L STRAUSS healthier aquatic life and less stress. It can even control Ammonia-Nitrite levels in extreme water conditions.

New micro-organisms may hold key to healthier water in land systems

In test after test, FirstBIO™ continues to astound users as to its unique capabilities. It can not only reduce high levels of Ammonia-Nitrite in as little as 24 to 96 hours but also stop them from occurring in a wide range of operating conditions. It has been shown to significantly reduce the lag time normally associated with establishing EALTHYtofish on healthy nitrifying populations startdepend the Nitrification Cycle. water

“

conditions and healthy water condiFirstBIO™ is like NO other product available because it is the only product to have tionswith depend presence of benebeen developed a groupon of the Class I microorganisms called “extremophiles” not previously commercially available. These ficial micro-organisms thatmicroorganisms maintain thecan operate in a wide range of normal and hostile water conditions and are bio-synergistic having the ability water’s eco-balance, which is nature’s way of to significantly improve the biological action of other bacteria operating within the assuring healthy water conditions. processes. When water conditions are out of balance, The result of more than 3 years of intensive manufacturing development, Biothe potential forfield problems exist and usually Industries Ltd. started testing of FirstBIO™ in mid-2014 and immediately realized that thevery product was superior to just adding nitrifying bacteria and waiting for multiply quickly. nitrification to begin. So now aquaculture operators can get faster control of their diseased water Treating conditions. the FirstBIO™ is afish verywith cost chemicals effective ultra-concentrate and usage ratesand are based on water such volumeas orantibiotics filter capacity.isItan is simply added to the water or medications filter as required and during restocking. after the fact remedy because the underlying causeDistributor (unhealthy water conditions) is not Worldwide Inquiries Welcomed. being addressed. For more information contact: J. Strauss at joss@bio.ie or Tel: 00 (41) 79-301-9791. No matter how expensive or technically Bio-Industries Ltd, Unit 66D Heather Road, Sandyford Business Park, Dublin 18, Ireland. advanced the equipment is in a recirculating ISO 14001:2004 & 9001:2008 ENDS or static land based aquaculture system, it is still at best just an artificial environment and prone to water quality problems. Even the normal processes in any artificial aquatic environment will eventually cause the system to become unbalanced, allowing unfriendly bacteria to multiply and negatively impact water quality, leading to bacterial infestations which affect fish health. The old adage that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure is surely relevant here. Since the use of antibiotics is becoming highly restrictive, the key can only be bio-augmentation, the use of probiotic non-pathogenic good bacteria to maintain healthy water conditions. While the concept of bio-augmentation is

The old adage that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure is relevant here

”

First Bio PED.indd 50

not new, the use of probiotic micro-organisms to improve water quality is still in its early stages. Until now, this may have been due to the lack of selected commercially available micro-organisms that cannot only operate differently in a wide range of water conditions, but also significantly improve the biological action of other bacteria operating within the processes. Recently, a new bio-control product that can control ammonia in aquatic environments was introduced by a small biotech company from Dublin, Ireland. The product contains for the very first time Class I micro-organisms called extremophiles. Not previously commercially available, these are the result of more than three years’ intensive manufacturing development. What is unique about these micro-organisms is their ability to function in a wide range of normal and hostile water conditions using tracditional and novel methods. While ‘extremophile’ micro-organisms are present everywhere in

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 11:21:41

Advertorial

BIO-INDUSTRY FACTS Bio-Industries’ new probiotic, PolyBIO, is different to other bacterial water treatment products because it doesn’t work through competitive exclusion. It produces anti-microbial compounds which can interrupt the growth of many bad bacteria and decrease the colonisation of these pathogens. This action helps to re-establish and maintain the ecobalance, making the water healthier for fish. With PolyBIO it is now easier to maintain healthier water conditions throughout the growing cycle and not have to rely on the use of chemical and antibiotic solutions to treat sick ﬁsh. the environment, they are not in sufficient quantities to have significant effects. However, in highly concentrated quantities with other Class 1 micro-organisms they are bio-synergistic, having the ability to significantly improve the biological action of other bacteria operating within the processes. In test after test, ‘extremophiles’ continue to demonstrate their unique capabilities. Contaminant removal rates are not only faster but under conditions not previously thought to be possible. Lag times are significantly reduced in both normal and hostile water conditions. Other product combinations with ‘extremophiles’ are in development. So now the future for improving water conditions looks a little cleaner and operators have a new tool to help them. FF

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

First Bio PED.indd 51

PolyBIO has been successfully used in a variety of aquaculture applications. It has been shown to reduce levels of disease causing bacteria in a wide range of operating conditions. PolyBIO is a cost eﬀective, ultraconcentrate and usage rates are based on water volume or ﬁlter capacity. Above and opposite: The future is cleaner with ‘extremophiles’

It is simply added to the water or filter as required and during restocking and after medications.

04/07/2016 11:21:59

Research â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Nutrition

BY MAYA FAULSTICH-HON

Onward little soldiers Award-winning students look to upscale insects for feed project in Kenya

ith more than 85 per cent of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wild ocean fisheries pushed to or beyond their biological limits, fish farming is increasingly being seen as a healthy source of protein for a rapidly growing population. But farmers need to look outside limited stocks of forage fish to supply the raw ingredients of fish feed. Kulisha is a social venture based in Nairobi, Kenya, guided by a simple question: why not grow and process insects into an alternative protein base to replace fish meal? Insects are abundant, require little land and water to

Rresearch.indd 52

raise, and are rich in nutrients essential for fish growth. We desperately need bold and innovative solutions to sustainably feed a growing population, and insect based animal feeds just might be the answer. One particular type of insect native to temperate and tropical regions of the world holds a lot of promise for use in animal feeds. Meet the black soldier fly. Unlike other insects, black soldier fly larvae can eat a variety of organic waste products, including fruit and vegetable scraps, spent grains from breweries, and chicken manure, thereby diverting trash from the landfill. Black soldier flies are gentle and timid, non-buzzing, and non-biting. Given their evolutionary adaptation to eat decaying material, they are not vectors for disease. In their pre-pupae phase, before they turn into adult flies, they are

Above: Viraj Sikand and Maya Faulstich-Hon. Opposite page clockwise from top: Essential omega-3 in the pre-pupae phase; the Kulisha team and their prototype facility.

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 11:14:53

Onward little soldiers

The lack “ of adequate

feed is holding back the industry from achieving its full potential

”

particularly rich in protein, amino acids, and essential omega-3 fatty acids. Moreover, many young fish in the wild naturally eat insects— not ocean caught fish. In incorporating alternative protein sources into fish feed, we hope to relieve pressure off ocean ecosystems while promoting sustainable aquaculture as a solution for food insecurity. Simultaneously, we’re tackling another problem. Kenya’s aquaculture industry is booming, growing at 10 per cent a year. In 2009, the Kenyan government launched an ambitions economic stimulus plan, and the expansion of aquaculture was a key player in the proposed programme. But there is a dearth of low cost, high quality feed in the country. In

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

Rresearch.indd 53

one survey, numerous fish farmers reported that feed alone consumed up to 80 per cent of their total costs. Manufactured feeds are not widely available. As a result, farmers are mixing fish meal on-site in small batches along with local crops, a process that is both inefficient and nutritionally inadequate. Even when farmers are able to purchase feed it is not uncommon for a single sack to be up to 30 per cent gravel. This lack of adequate feed is holding back the industry from achieving its full potential, in addition to holding back fish farmers - many of whom live in borderline poverty - from making a living wage.

04/07/2016 11:15:15

Research – Nutrition

Origins of Kulisha With this in mind, Kulisha, named after the Swahili verb ‘to feed’, will grow, harvest, dry and grind these larvae into a protein rich meal, and then formulate a high quality pelleted feed for fish farmers. We’re still in our early stages but have a pilot research facility up and running. There are myriad factors that affect black soldier fly growth, including ambient temperature, humidity, pH, feedstock, larval densities, and feeding regime. We are working towards maximising these in order to most efficiently and effectively grow larvae en masse. We’ll also be conducting tests and trials to better understand the nutrient composition and amino acid profile of the insect meal. In the coming years, we will scale operations and hope to start supplying farmers across the country with a low cost, high quality fish feed. Though we are still some time away from producing a finished product, we are confident that there is a clear ecological and economic impetus for this product on both Top: Rich in protein. Inset: the local and global markets. Larvae feed off organic At Kulisha, we envision a future where food waste security and economic development are not at odds with the well-being of our environment. Who knows? Black soldier flies may just be the first step to realising this vision. Contact us at info@kulishafeed.com. Stay posted for updates on our Facebook page, facebook.com/kulishafeed. FF

still “inWe’re the early stages but have a pilot research facility

”

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The six members of Kulisha bring disparate backgrounds and disciplines together to imagine a more sustainable feed industry. The idea was born with Viraj Sikand and Eric Katz, who met while working at a salmon hatchery in Washington state. Eric is a business student at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business and has worked for two start-ups in tech education and digital marketing. Viraj studies environmental science at Brown University and has extensive experience working with coastal fishing communities, which first prompted him to pursue this idea. Maya Faulstich-Hon was born and raised in Costa Rica and is also studying environmental science at Brown University. Growing up in her family’s restaurant, she is interested in food waste streams and food security. Lunalo Cletus graduated from the University of Nairobi with a degree in Natural Resource Management and has been the boots on the ground, building and developing relationships with farmers throughout the country. Arjun Paunrana, also from Nairobi, is studying mechanical engineering at UCLA and has spearheaded the facility design process. Catherine Hebson, from Maine, US, studies engineering at Brown University and will be leading a series of rapid prototypes of harvesting mechanisms later this year. The team members say they have found incredible support in their respective universities. ‘In addition, our idea has resonated with a number of student centred social innovation competitions,’ said Maya FaulstichHon. ‘We are thrilled to have been awarded the grand prize at the Thought for Food Challenge, an international call for students to submit novel solutions to feeding nine billion people, as well as the Michigan Business Challenge, the UCLA Knapp Venture Competition, and the Brown University Social Innovation Fellowship. ‘These, along with a number of other smaller grants and awards, have funded our current prototype facility and will propel us into the next phase of testing.’

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 11:15:38

Markets & Retail News

Rising middle class boost for Asian expo Seafood Expo Asia is returning to Hong Kong in September against a backdrop of the region’s rising middle class and increased per capita spending, which is fuelling a demand for higher value fish.

THE expo will be held at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre from September 6-8, providing buyers from major supermarkets, hotels, restaurants, airlines, wholesale and foodservice sectors with an opportunity to source the world’s finest seafood products and learn about the top trends. The organisers say the outlook for Asia’s seafood industry will be a central theme at this year’s event,

which runs alongside the fine dining and beverage exhibition, Restaurant & Bar Hong Kong. With the region’s palate for premium seafood evolving, Asia is expected to dominate global aquaculture trade and import growth, with the World Bank predicting that Asian countries will account for around 70 per cent of global fish consumption by 2030. A 2014 Global Industry Analysts

report suggests that in terms of demand, the Asia Pacific is not only the largest and fastest growing market in the world, but is projected to increase at an average compound growth rate of five per cent between now and 2020. Growth is being driven by a rising middle class population that, according to 2013 data from Ernst & Young and SKOLKOVO, stands at around 525 million

people but which over the next 20 years could potentially expand to more than three billion. ‘Asia has become increasingly important to the global seafood market as with the growth of the region’s middle class population, consumers in this income bracket are able to afford higher value goods and products, one of them being premium fish and shellfish,’ said Liz Plizga, seafood group vice

president of Diversified Communications, organisers of Seafood Expo Asia. ‘Improving living standards and rising incomes, coupled with an already well established dining out culture, are driving market expansion as individuals become more conscious of taste and quality, particularly in China and South East Asia, where economic

Rising incomes

“

Improving living standards are driving market expansion

THE Scottish Salmon Company (SSC) sponsored the Royal Highland Show’s Cookery Theatre in Edinburgh as part of its ongoing commitment to celebrating Scottish food and supporting rural communities.

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Retail News.indd 55

EU fish consumption increasing

”

Cooking up a storm at Royal Highland Show THE leading Scottish salmon producer, which operates more than 60 sites across the west coast of Scotland and the Hebrides, supported the Cookery Theatre in the show’s Scotland’s Larder Live! display. Featuring more than 100 producers from all over Scotland, the Cookery Theatre included tastings and talks from Scotland’s producers and chefs who were challenged to create dishes against the clock using key ingredients, including the SSC’s sea loch fresh Scottish salmon. Craig Anderson, SSC managing director, said: ‘The collaboration with the Royal Highland Show is extremely important to us, as we believe it is an excellent platform that enables us to bridge the gap between farming and food, as well as being the perfect place for us to interact with communities across Scotland. Increasingly, consumers want to know where their food comes from and our salmon has a fantas-

growth is positively impacting seafood imports, making these countries especially attractive to producers and exporters of premium produce.’ At Seafood Expo Asia, industry buyers will be able to meet with more than 240 suppliers of fish and shellfish from over 30 countries, and visitors will be able to hear from seafood experts, who will offer business advice during the three-day event.

Above: Neil Ross, chef manager at George Heriot’s School, Craig Anderson, managing director of the Scottish Salmon Company, and Wendy Barrie, manager of the Royal Highland Show Cookery Theatre and Cookery show presenter

tic story to tell. We’re passionate about provenance and take pride in producing Scotland’s finest, sea loch, fresh salmon while supporting the rural communities that our staff live and work in.’

Above: Alaska pollock

DEMAND for ﬁshery and aquaculture products inside the European Union remains strong, with consumption per capita increasing, says the latest monthly report the European Market Observatory for Fisheries and Aquaculture (EUMOFA) It maintains that the evidence of a strong industry is reﬂected in EU imports, which have increased by one billion euros a year on average, since 2009. The report says that in 2015, imports from third countries amounted to 22.3 billion euros, which represents a six per cent or 1.3 billon euro increase over 2014.

04/07/2016 11:19:05

World news – North America

BY VINCE MCDONAGH

Canada, coast to coast

Bank shines spotlight on growing contribution of aquaculture to country’s seafood industry

HE growing contribution aquaculture is making to Canada’s seafood industry is highlighted in an in-depth study on its fishing sector. The Icelandic Bank Islandsbanki is one of the few northern hemisphere banks to have a dedicated seafood team, which periodically publishes detailed international reports on the state of fishing activities around the world. In fact, seafood accounts for 22 per cent of the bank’s loan portfolio. It has recently released a detailed analysis of Canada’s fishing and fish farming prospects and says the long term outlook is positive, especially for aquaculture. This is in spite of recent fluctuations which mainly involve salmon. Looking at the scale of today’s industry it is hard to believe fish farming in Canada barely existed 30 years ago. Since then it has grown into a huge business, well on the way to approaching the one billion (Canadian) dollar mark. The Islandsbanki report says it made a significant contribution to Canada’s $6 billion seafood exports last year. The country is now the fifth largest producer of Atlantic salmon and the largest global exporter of farmed mussels.

Canada.indd 56

The industry, says the Reykjavik based bank, began on a small scale level a little over 30 years ago with the production of trout and oysters. Aquaculture was first used to enhance natural stocks, but has grown to a large scale commercial industry. Farmed salmon, trout, mussels and oysters are now well established industries, while the farming of several other species is at various stages of development. ‘Canadian aquaculture production has increased significantly since it was introduced,’ says the Islandsbanki report. ‘Canada was the fifth largest producer of Atlantic salmon in the world in 2014 and a large exporter of farmed mussels. ‘Nationally, aquaculture production is evenly split between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. According to a 2009 study, the aquaculture industry employed approximately 14,000 people,

Opposite page top: Oysters. Below: Canadian salmon farm

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 11:23:30

Canada, coast to coast

REGION BY REGION FACTS Islandsbanki has published figures and prospects for the main aquaculture producing regions: Prince Edward Island - Aquaculture plays an important part in Prince Edward’s seafood industry, accounting for almost half of total volume and about a quarter of total value. The largest farmed species are mussels and oysters. However, ﬁsh farming is still a relatively small activity in Nova Scotia.

primarily located in smaller coastal and rural communities. ‘Aquaculture production reached a peak of 172,000 tonnes in 2002 following a period of rapid growth. During the period from 1990 to 2002, the industry grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.8 per cent, primarily due to growth in farmed salmon. ‘In the ensuing decade, aquaculture production was more uneven. During the period from 2002 to 2012, the industry grew at an average annual rate of less than one per cent with production ranging from 142,000 tonnes in 2004 to 184,000 tonnes in 2012.’ That figure fell in 2014. Finfish now accounts for approximately 75 per cent of Canada’s total aquaculture production. The largest farmed species is salmon. Production of farmed salmon fell by 21 per cent to approximately 79,000 tonnes in 2014 due to various problems, compared to an average of 106,000 tonnes during the five year period from 2009 to 2013. The next largest species by volume are mussels and oysters, with average annual production of 26,000 and 11,000 tonnes respectively. Finfish represent a higher proportion of the total value of Canada’s aquaculture industry at roughly 90 per cent of total value. Despite a reduction in 2014 attributable to lower volume, the total value of Canada’s farmed salmon averaged just under $625 million during the past five years.

Canada was the ﬁfth “ largest producer of Atlantic salmon in the world in 2014 and a large exporter of farmed mussels

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Canada.indd 57

”

Islandsbanki says aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing sectors almost everywhere, accounting for 45 per cent of global seafood production. ‘Despite the decline in total volume in the early 1990s, the total value of Canada’s seafood industry has generally been increasing, due to increased production of higher value shellﬁsh species and growth in Canada’s aquaculture industry.’ The total value of Canada’s seafood industry increased at a compound average growth rate of 3.2 per cent from (Canadian) $1.7 billion in 1990 to $3.6 billion in 2014. The report comes at an important crossroads for the Canadian industry. Although the federal government has just approved the sale of GM salmon, the Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance, which represents most producers, said emphatically it does not plan to farm or sell GM ﬁsh. ‘Canadian salmon farmers are world leaders in healthy, sustainable and responsible aquaculture and are proud to produce healthy and fresh salmon,’ said the alliance. ‘We do not farm or sell GM farmed salmon, and we are not growing or researching GM salmon. Canadian farmed salmon, which is farmed on both coasts, is in high demand in Canada and abroad. We have no plans to change our farming practices.’ FF

New Brunswick Aquaculture accounted for about a quarter of total seafood production in New Brunswick between 2009 and 2012, but fell below 20 per cent in 2014 when the value of both wild and farmed seafood totalled $298 million. During this period, aquaculture’s share of total value declined from approximately 15 per cent to less than 10 per cent. Shellfish, mostly caught, now accounts for more than half of the total volume of seafood handled by the province. Newfoundland and Labrador - Aquaculture contributes an additional 24,000 tonnes of seafood products (approximately eight per cent of total volume) in NFL. However, the value of the province’s farmed seafood fell to seven per cent of total value in 2014 after averaging more than 15 per cent from 2010 to 2013. British Columbia – This Pacific coast province has a growing aquaculture industry, which partially offsets the declining trend in wild capture fisheries. BC’s aquaculture production has grown at a CAGR of 5.7 per cent from 18,000 tonnes in 1990 to 66,000 tonnes in 2014. The sector now accounts for a third of BC’s total seafood production and more than 60 per cent in total value.

04/07/2016 11:24:05

World news â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Japan

Japan.indd 58

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 11:25:32

Bluefin on the brink

Blueﬁn

on the brink

Can Japanese farmers save prized tuna from extinction? BY BONNIE WAYCOTT

very year huge prized bluefin are auctioned off at one of Japan’s most auspicious events of the New Year, the bluefin tuna auction at Tokyo’s Tsukiji Fish Market. The winning bidder parts with vast sums of money, sometimes as much as £80,000 - a clear sign that the bluefin is still a much sought after delicacy. Japan is the world’s largest consumer of bluefin, a species environmentalists warn is on the verge of extinction. This year’s auction came amid more concerns, while according to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) the bluefin population is set to continue declining through 2018. The outlook appears increasingly grim but ironically it’s Japan that could provide a beacon of hope. In 2002, Kindai University became the first in the world to succeed in the complete farming of bluefin after being handed what was believed to be an impossible task - to create a system that would support the fully closed life-cycle aquaculture of bluefin tuna. Kindai’s method is known as full-cycle

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

Japan.indd 59

aquaculture, which involves raising artificially hatched larvae to adults, collecting their eggs and hatching them to create subsequent egg laying generations. Today, the university produces 50,000 to 100,000 juveniles and 80-100 tonnes of edible tuna a year. The fertilised eggs of farm raised adults float to the surface where they are spawned. One female lays several million, each around 1mm in diameter. After being collected, the eggs hatch into larvae in about 32 hours. Measuring around 3mm in length, they are initially fed plankton before being reared in land based tanks until they reach around 6-7cm long and grow into fry in about 40 days. They are then transferred from land based tanks to net cages at sea. Ten to fifteen such enclosures are used, at 10m deep with diameters of 20-40m. Roughly three months after hatching, the fish are around 30cm long and weigh about 300g. In about three years, they’re over 1m in length and weigh 30kg, at which point they are shipped to market. The circular enclosures at sea have plenty of

Image: The tuna are transferred to sea cages after 40 days Photo: Bonnie Waycott

04/07/2016 11:25:53

Photo: Kindai University Fisheries Labotatory

World news – Japan

space, allowing for constant swimming, while land based operations incur high maintenance and electricity costs so all farming is done at sea except for the hatcheries. Disease outbreaks are prevented by cleaning nets, maintaining an appropriate stocking density and disinfecting seawater in land based hatcheries. Researchers hope that Japan will one day produce 100 per cent of domestic demand for blueﬁn with farmed ﬁsh raised from eggs rather than caught in the wild. With Kindai continuing its research and tech-

“oﬀWeercana

stable supply without depending on ﬁsh stocks in the wild

”

Clockwise from above: Delicate bodies; fullcycle aquaculture; Kindai; Tsukiji market; samples for mapping DNA; space for swimming; feed costs are high. Photos: Bonnie Waycott

Japan.indd 60

nological development, a number of Japanese companies are increasingly showing an interest. In 2014, trading house Toyota Tsusho Corporation joined forces with Kindai and established a fish nursery centre, where bluefin fingerlings were first produced in July 2015. Today, the centre produces commercial sized bluefin from Kindai’s artificially hatched species, and is working to achieve mass production and increase survival rates. Food maker Nippon Suisan Kaisha, or Nissui, is artificially hatching eggs and fattening juvenile fish to maturity, while Nakatani Suisan Co is rearing young fish in cages for around two months and transporting them to farming fish cages when they weigh around 500g. They are then farmed for two to three years until they reach around 50kg. Areas such as water temperature, quality and dissolved oxygen concentration are consistently monitored to determine the amount of feed and to control farming conditions. Farmed bluefin also reached the Japanese public last summer when Japan’s largest supermarket chain operator, Aeon Co, sold farmed species at 2,000 of its stores nationwide. Aeon Co receives seasonal shipments from Maruha Nichiro, which sells directly to restaurants in and outside Japan. ‘The production and sale of artificially hatched and raised tuna reduces fishing pressure on natural tuna stocks and contributes to their conservation,’ says Professor Yoshifumi Sawada, director of Kindai University Fisheries Laboratory’s Oshima Experiment Station. ‘Thanks to our control over all processes of the bluefin tuna lifecycle, we can offer a stable supply of tuna without depending on fish stocks in the wild.’ Could farmed bluefin be the answer to declining tuna stocks? While aquaculture may offer an alternative, it doesn’t come without challenges. One major concern for Kindai is the large quantity of fish needed to feed farmed bluefin. To guarantee more sustainable operations it may have to replace fish meal (wild mackerel and sardine) with plant protein such as soybean or corn meal. Each farmed tuna must eat 10-15kg of fish for every 1kg of its body weight, so feed costs are high. To this end, the university is working to

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 11:29:09

Bluefin on the brink

develop a plant based protein while examining the quality of its tuna and giving less or more fatty fish accordingly. ‘Newly hatched larvae eat rotifer, and artificially formulated diets are introduced in the late larval period and early juvenile stages,’ said Sawada. ‘As they grow, we can address the issue of feed in two ways; the first is to develop plant protein feed, and the other is to find a good alternative that can be digested more effectively than fish protein.’ Bluefin are also difficult to handle, with extremely delicate bodies that make it hard to catch them. They bruise easily, while their gills take in little oxygen, making them swim continuously to breathe, sometimes running straight into nets and dying. An average holding pen also costs around 20 million yen, or £140,000, to assemble, while tuna maturation is challenging due to the difficulty in controlling areas such as oxygen and temperature. To address this particular issue, Kindai is conducting DNA research, taking blood samples from every tuna harvested and mapping their entire DNA to isolate the best DNA characters for disease resistance, growth and sex identification. International regulations on catching bluefin are set to tighten further in September this year, according to the Japan Fisheries Agency. This could increase demand for fully farmed bluefin and lead to more intense competition. For now, however, some say that aquaculture could be a good opportunity for further study into improving bluefin tuna production.

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

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‘Japan has a long history of fishing so in the long term we don’t expect farmed tuna to be the only tuna available to people,’ said Sawada. ‘Supplying both wild and farmed species to the market would be ideal. We hope the bluefin tuna population will eventually recover. ‘Our aim is to contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of Pacific bluefin and yellowfin tuna in particular, create new scientific technology and provide useful information for the natural resource management and aquaculture of tuna species.’ FF

04/07/2016 11:28:32

Processing News

Icelandic warns of job losses in M&S blow

Pride in food awards shortlist

Icelandic Seachill has warned its Grimsby staff that a large number of jobs are at risk following the loss of a £50-£60 million Marks & Spencer contract. THE workforce was given the bad news in a memo from the management last month. UK chief executive Simon Smith said in a statement: ‘We have been informed by M&S that they have chosen to give the contract for all their business with us to alternative suppliers. ‘This affects coated, encroute and deli business. This decision will have a huge impact on our business and the unfortunate reality is that a large number of roles may be at risk. ‘We are currently reviewing all practicable alternative scenarios. It is early days and we

that job losses could be in their hundreds. The entire site employs 1,400 people. M&S is reportedly moving part of the business to Five Star Fish of Grimsby, which is owned by the Boparan Group, and to Greencore for coated Above: Simon Smith fish prawn cocktails comes after a trading respectively. Both are working on decompanies already tailed proposals which relationship of more than 30 years and the produce some prodwe will share with contract is worth in ucts for the retailer. our employees at the the region of £50-£60 Icelandic Seachill earliest opportunity. million. also owns the award ‘Our number one ‘The Icelandic Seach- winning Saucy Fish priority is to support range but that busithose directly impact- ill business remains in good shape with ness is not affected by ed by the decision strong and continuing these latest events. that M&S have taken. partnerships with our The news has come The timing of the transfer of business is, remaining customers.’ as something of a Smith later said on shock and reflects the as yet, unknown.’ fierce, almost cutHe added: ‘The news local BBC television

London team wins young chef title

Processing News.indd 62

Above: Henry Angus

“

The unfortunate reality is that a large number of roles may be at risk

”

throat competition in the seafood business today. It is exactly a year since Young’s Seafood, also of Grimsby, lost a £100 million salmon processing contract to Marine Harvest.

Young’s holds global supplier conference

YOUNG’S Seafood brought 50 of its top suppliers to a special conference designed to drive innovation as part of its Virtual Integration strategy. They came from around the world to discuss with Young’s operating board and top management team new ways to bring innovation to the market place. Building on Young’s recent Dragon’s Den-style event, where suppliers pitched new ideas for packaging, the conference was an opportunity Above: The winners Charlotte Crudgington and Shannon Crowe with chef Cyrus Todiwala to forge joint business plans and work together on new ideas to A TEAM from Westminster Kingsway College, inspire shoppers and retailers. in London, has won the final of the UK Young Since the first Virtual Integration Seafood Chef of the Year, one of the industry’s conference last autumn, Young’s leading annual contests. The team, made up of Charlotte Crudgington has worked on more than eight projects with its suppliers, and Shannon Crowe, was one of nine to go generating savings of at least to the final, after competing in the regional heat of the UK-wide competition at University £500,000. The company said these College Birmingham. savings have been shared beThe young chefs took part in the final at tween Young’s and its supply the Grimsby Institute, in Lincolnshire. Prizes chain partners, and reinvested included £500 for each team member, a Thermomix TM31 food processor and a £1,000 into innovation, which retailer customers and shoppers will benvoucher for Westminster Kingsway College to efit from when the new products spend on Russums catering equipment. The competition’s 2016 panel included some become available in store. Young’s partnership with the of the country’s most successful chefs.

Huge impact

Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute to promote fish fingers with a Free Swim offer on pack is just one example of a joint project, which has so far resulted in many more families going swimming and enjoying Young’s Omega-3 fish fingers made with Alaska pollock. A number of suppliers have seen an increase in turnover since taking an active role in Young’s Virtual Integration strategy, with at least one supplier recording a 60 per cent rise in sales driven by innovation and new product development.

Above: Product innovation

ASSOCIATED Seafoods Ltd (ASL) has been shortlisted in the forthcoming Highlands and Islands Food and Drink Awards in recognition of the strong export performance of its premium Scottish smoked salmon. Exported to 28 countries, ASL’s Pride of Scotland smoked salmon was selected as a ﬁnalist because of the consistent growth of sales into key markets. Earlier this year, a new look for the Pride of Scotland smoked salmon was launched, focusing on its quality and Scottish provenance. Henry Angus, export manager at ASL, said: ‘We are delighted to have made the shortlist for these prestigious awards, which recognises the efforts and dedication of our whole team at Associated Seafoods in producing premium quality Scottish smoked salmon.’ The awards are now in their 12th year and the winners will be announced on Friday, October 21 at a ceremony at the four-star Kingsmills Hotel in Inverness.

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 11:34:00

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04/07/2016 11:49:39

Opinion – Inside track

In the land of Brexit dragons BY NICK JOY

n maps in the old days when they did not know what was beyond, they would print ‘Here there be Dragons’. Apparently, if you believe the hysteria of the EU campaign, we have arrived. For those who want to know (I suspect few), I voted Leave. I want it on record so that whatever happens I can accept responsibility, but I really don’t think much will happen. The vote reflects well the issues. I find it hard to believe that even the most ardent Remainer would say it was a completely black and white case. It isn’t and it won’t be. So much of this reminds me of ancient times because methods were used to contain people and reduce their travel.The idea of a flat earth that you fell off if you went too far kept people at home. Images of huge waterfalls descending into dark misty unknown depths played on people’s fears. Notice any comparisons? Yet when people did travel there wasn’t an edge but there were very real and very significant dangers.There were diseases they had not encountered, people who did not welcome them and all sorts of natural threats. Despite all this, we got over them. Let me be clear, this is a significant decision but it is not one that offers salvation or damnation.We will not all burn in the flames of hell for deciding to leave Europe. This vote has been about those who believe in integration against all odds versus those who prefer self-determination.There will be lots of articles decrying the people who voted as lesser beings because the intellectual position has been deemed to be Remain. Ignore it, it is only fluff. Neither position will end in catastrophe and here’s why. Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker warned that if the vote was for out, we couldn’t come back. I don’t think the EU will play that game. Sure, it’s fair enough to threaten and bluster but now is the time for thinking and renegotiation.The thing that will push everything out of kilter for a while is uncertainty. Just as Scotland became a place not to put your money during the independence referendum, so the UK has been for a while. Now we will see what the money markets make of it. It is not a slam dunk that they will disapprove but there will be different tiers of reaction.The cautious money will wait to see if the UK negotiates its way out of this and, just as importantly, what the EU does now it has lost one of the strongest economies in it. But what will the smart money do? A forward looking confident UK might just surge ahead and stay as the fifth largest economy in the world and thus might actually become a huge success story. Of course, the other option is a possibility but why would that be the case? We consume considerable quantities of others’ goods - in fact, as our balance of payments tells us, more than we export. So it is not in anyone’s interest to punish the UK. Lastly and most importantly, Churchill described politics as ‘the art of maximising the possible’. He was right, politicians have to deal with the changes delivered to them by the people of a democracy. Our democracy has spoken and the next steps are for the politicians to unpick the legal issues, negotiate treaties, reroute our financial system and develop a new strategy. This will take time and no doubt pain and hardship. Life without difficulty is life without achievement and so this should not put the fear of god into us. In risk there is often reward and the UK has been very good at finding it in the past so we shall have to again. Only one thing is for certain: anyone who says they know this is wrong or right, is wrong themselves. Nothing of this magnitude is ever simple. To the Prime Minister, I say you got it very wrong and the campaign was

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will not “allWeburn in the flames of hell for deciding to leave Europe

”

wrong but you have done the honourable thing. To the Leave campaigners, I say do not crow because this could be a pyrrhic victory if handled badly. To the Remainers, please don’t be bitter and angry as you would not have wanted the Leavers to be.We have to find ways to work together to make this work. To Juncker, I say you were not elected by us, you do not hold our mandate any more. Perhaps now you will believe that the EU needs serious reform if it is to survive. Remember that the UK is not alone in Europe in having a rising level of scepticism about the existence of the EU. Beware that you do not find yourself on an even smaller island than ours, sitting by yourself. So, for an exporting aquaculture industry what does this mean? Or for poor beleaguered agriculture, is this salvation? No, I fear it is much of the same but more accountable. In a global world, will the UK suddenly be set apart and treated as a pariah? Of course not! That would be utterly daft, but the transition from where we are to where we need to be will not be easy. We will have to rely on those same politicians to define a new system and they are not very good at it. Expect illogic, adversity and challenge, but that is the nature of life and we should embrace it. FF

www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

04/07/2016 11:56:44

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04/07/2016 11:57:30

Edinburgh International Conference Centre (EICC)

Edinburgh, Scotland 20-23 September, 2016

Organised by the European Aquaculture society with the cooperation and support of Marine Scotland, part of the Scottish Government, and The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland AE2016 Gold Sponsor

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04/07/2016 11:58:24