Francesca Cisaria-Urban Design Project

RE-LAME RE-LAME RE-LAME RE-LAME

FOREWORD

Warning to Humanity

Biodiversity Addressing Climate Crisis

ANALYSIS OF PUGLIA

Cultural Heritage

Biodiversity Research Natural Areas Protected Areas

Biodiversity Hotspots

Plant and Animal Species Land Use of Puglia

Population Density Industries and buildings

VISION AND STRATEGY

Questions Sustainable Development Goals Manifesto

REGIONAL SCALE

Ecosystem of Connections

Layers of Biodiversity

Synthesis Map

Typologies of Connection

Phytoremediation

AFforestation

LAME Park to the Sea Layers of Lame Biodiversity

Decade Evolution Strategy in Bari Catalogue of Industries

URBAN SCALE

Pilot Project

Afforestation of Lame Recycling Abandoned Sites

Architectural Projects

SOURCES

“We should try to have a future in communion with our living planet to make her strong again and able to counter the disabling impacts that are due”

James Lovelock 2009

The world scientists warning to humanity is a warning was created more than 25 years ago in 1992 to warn about the climate change. For scientists it is a moral obligation to clearly warn humanity of catastrophic threats, by now the manifesto has more than 15 000 scientist who signed the declaration (Krogh, 2020).

The secon warning was penned in 2017, it explains the rapid collision course between nature and humans, as well as the environmental destruction which is leading to ozone depletion, climate change, biodiversity destruction, marine life depletion, forest lost, ocean dead zones and urges the significance of the ongoing population growth of humans (Ripple, 2017).

In 2019 a third declaration was developed including six interrelated steps to fight climate change: energy, shortlived, pollutants, nature, food, economy and population (Krogh, 2020). Still after 40 years of negotiation concerning climate change not much has changed and “we have generally conducted business as usual” while failing to tackle the often irreversible damage to the environment.

The scientist James Lovelock explains that the earth is a unitary ecosystem which is formed by all living organism and the environment as a complex system, where human beings are only a partner species in the great enterprise (Lovelock, 2009). The earth know as a blue-white icon undergoes permanent changes where “the white ice fades away, the green of forest and grassland fades into the dun of desert, and the oceans lose their blue-green hue and turn a purer, swimming-pool blue as they, too, become desert“, Lovelock states the urgency of the situation on earth.

The Gaia theory clarifies the current phenomena and the changes of the environmental conditions, he manifests that we should try to “have a future in communion with our living planet to make her strong again and able to counter the disabling impacts that are due” (Lovelock, 2009).

Alexander von Humboldt, a naturalist from 1769 observed the specimens of the flora, fauna and geology which he later described and formed a “systematic taxonomy of plants, animals, minerals and rocks” (Krogh, 2020). He was the first person to discover and formulate his most transformative finding, that life is a unifying phenomenon connected by all living organisms.

Humboldt explicitly articulated the fundamental significance of biological diversity for the earth to operate and therefore human society (Krogh, 2020). Figure 2 represents the vertical distribution of the vegetation of Andes, a sketch from 1845 published in the Cosmo by Alexander von Humboldt, representing the botanical species and the different latitudes of the mountain systems (Buttimer, 2012).

Figure 2: Sketch by Alexander von Humboldt

“By felling the trees which cover the tops and sides of mountains, men in all climates seem to bring upon future generations two calamities at once; want of fuel and a scarcity of water.”

Alexander von Humbolt 1852

Richard Weller, 2021

“We cannot live without biodiversity and yet we are perpetrating the sixth extinction.”

It is our duty to change the perception of our world by addressing the climate crisis and changing the relationship towards nature. Acknowledging the natural sphere and facing the reality we must integrate the transformation in our everyday live, we should talk, think and design in appreciation for and with nature.

Biodiversity hotspots, regions that contain exceptional and irreplaceable diversity of life, which are threatened of extinction, are a fundamental element in this movement (Weller, Atlas for the end of the world , 2021). The hotspots are the sum of the worlds genetic inheritance, which have to formally be placed under protection to save these.

The World park is main case study for this project and it is a fundamental part of Richard Wellers work, who is an Australian landscape architect and academic. The preservation and reconstruction of the wilderness on a planetary scale is crucial to create a continuous and restored habitat for the protection of endangered species. Cultivating wilderness is a pressing issue concerning NGOs, governments, scientists and engaged citizens. The landscape is under immense pressure, due to the rising “killing fields”, such as the chemically dependent monocultures, which are caused by humans. Weller raises the question, how landscape architecture can find redemption and recover as well as manage the novel ecosystem. The enhancement, maintenance and restoration of ecosystems is vital for this process. Furthermore, a continuous global matrix must be formed to connect the 867 recognized ecoregions and foster the ecosystem. The large-scale contemporary conservation park “Yellowstone to Yuckon (Y2Y)” started in 1992 is a model project presenting the possibilities of a project in such scale, complexity, and sustained effort (Weller, World P-ark, 2019).

It demonstrates the specific potential in high altitude landscapes showing the connection on a continental scale. Another project that is explained, “robust corridors” presents an interesting approach on constructing a national ecological network of protected areas by linking existing fragments of habitat, while allowing the coexistence between urbanism, agriculture, and biodiversity. Dividing the scheme into three categories, the green ways, ecological networks, and wildlife corridors eases the understanding of the different methods.

The 21st century approach of the world park can lead to immense success for the recreation, restoration and protection of the ecosystem, by creating a multifunctional system that actively engages people in its conception. The fragmentation of biological ecosystems must be preserved with a focus on biodiversity.

PART I

ANALYSIS OF THE REGION OF PUGLIA

The project Parco Italia focuses on the simulation and research as an attempt to adapt ecological corridors in the whole country, using these as a vehicle to create an Italian atlas on natural capital. The aim is to utilize a “different way of scrutinizing the correspondences between space and society”, employing the atlas as a visual position (Boeri, 2017).

Imaging green and blue infrastructures for ecological transmission and mitigation to create a multiscale project of connections. How can we reconnect ecological corridors and biodiversity hotspots? This question is tackled in this research, starting with an extensive analysis of the region of Puglia.

Puglia is located in south of Italy, bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east and Ionian Sea to the southeast, it is also known as the heel to Italy’s boot on the most eastern tip of the peninsular. The region is composed of six provinces: Barletta-Andira-Trani, Brindisi, Foggia, Lecce, Bari and Taranto. Puglia is Italys seven largest region, with more than 4 million inhabitants, covering 19,300 km2 and a magnificent coastline with sandy beaches and azure seas.

The diversified landscapes of the region are plentiful, attracting many tourists each year, especially in the summer months between May to August. This is also causing issues in the region, as more than 4 million tourists visit Puglia during a short time causing immense pressure on the infrastructure and nature. Especially the plastic pollution along the beaches and in the historic city centers is severe.

Tourism is also an important economic factor for the region and has been one of the fastest growing destinations in Europe. Due to the extensive cultural and environmental sites, Puglia is offering a range of activities for tourists, where the cultural heritage and natural capital serve as the base for the development of tourism. (Eni CBCMED, 2021)

Puglia is classified as „less developed”, with a population of 4.09 million inhabitants, where 85.1% live in rural areas. Bari is the Capital City with about 338.401 inhabitants. The employment rate is only at 45%, which is below the below national average, resulting in a high unemployment rate of 15.7% and 43.6% for 15-24 years old in 2018, again above the national average (EC Europa , 2019).

Traditional Trulli in Cisternino (Schmitz, 2021)

Puglia region is characterized by no less than 20 castles that, together with the coastal towers and fortified farmhouses, which guarantee a strong identity and recognizability to it. The current configuration of almost all the castles of Salento dates to the Renaissance period (15th and 16th centuries).

Farms are more frequent in the south of the peninsula. Coastal towers and the numerous fortified farms are in the Terra d’Otranto. The most famous ancient architecture in Puglia is the trullo: a traditional Apulian dry stone hut with a conical roof. Their style of construction is specific to the Itria Valley, in the Murge area.

In the town of Alberobello, in the province of Bari, whole districts contain dense concentrations of Trulli. The golden age of Trulli was the nineteenth century, especially its final decades, which were marked by the development of wine growing.

In Salento there also are the so-called ‘green gold mines. It is a series of underground oil mills which, starting from the olives of the area, produced a truly prized olive oil. Most of the oil mills in this area are carved into the rock. There are four Apulian sites that are part of the Unesco Heritage list: Monte Sant’Angelo, Alberobello, Castel del Monte and Foresta Umbra.

FESTIVALS AND ANNUAL EVENTS

Puglia and Salento are a land rich in traditions, folklore, events and village festivals. Between religious rites, historical re-enactments and local fairs, Puglia is a place that offers hospitality all year round. In January, a few kilometers from Lecce, the focara takes place. It’s the largest bonfire in the whole Mediterranean.

Towards the end of winter, in February, there is the Apulian carnival in Manfredonia. During the summer in Puglia there are many events related to entertainment and culinary events, like the ‘sagra delle orecchiette’ which is one of the most typical foods. One of the most important events in all of Italy is certainly the Apulian festival: la notte della taranta, it is an event linked to music and ‘pizzica’, most intense expression of the Salento culture.

Traditional Trulli in Cisternino (Schmitz, 2021)

Duomo di Ostuni (Schmitz, 2021)

Puglia is known for its beautiful coast which stretches over 829km and is the longest coast of an Italian mainland region. Moreover, Puglia is one of the driest and hottest areas

in Italy with temperature up 45C in summer, the heat is causing heat islands especially in the ancient cities with limited to no greenery and great amounts of stone. Whereas

the coastal areas along the Adriatic Sea towards the Salento Peninsula are exposed to varying winds affecting changes in temperature and conditions.

Map of Natural Areas

by GIS

Area Marina Protetta di Torre Guaceto

Parco Nazionale del Gargano

Bosco delle Pianelle

Palude del Conte e Duna Costiera

Area Marina Protetta di Torre Guaceto

Area Marina Protetta di Torre Guaceto

Conversano e Gravina di Monsignore

Forest Umbria

Oasi Salso Lago

Parco Nazionale delle Alta Murgia

Palude del Conte e Duna Costiera

Palude la Vela

Riserva Naturale Isole Tremiti

Parco Nazionale delle Alta Murgia

Bosco Cerano

Area Marina Protetta di Torre Guaceto

The nature in Puglia is diverse, ranging from blue sea, sandy beaches, and dunes to pine forests and ancient olive trees. The biodiversity in the region has decreased drastically in the recent decades due to the extensive agricultural use and the countless industrial sites, causing industrial pollution. Besides several protected parks, Puglia offers two nationals parks: the Gargano and Alta Murgia, which host important fauna and flora.

The Mountain Garango reaches from the north to Santa Maria di Leuca in the most southern part. Additionally, the region consists of many regional parks and nature reserves, such as the Regional Natural Coastal Park, Costa Otrantio – Santa Maria di Leuca e Bosco di Tricase it features natural and historical attractions such as Ciolo a rocky cove.

Puglia directly borders three other Italian regions in the northwest; Molise, Campangia and Basilicata. Puglia is known for its beautiful coast which stretches over 829km and is the longest coast of an Italian mainland region.

On the Adriatic coast, blue beaches, cliffs and caves compose the landscape while agricultural fields, olive trees and vineyards occupy the territory. The biodiversity values of Puglia is described with low naturalness throughout the region, where only 6 % of the surface consist of forest and more than 65% of the area utilized for agriculture. The Natura 2000 project preserves agricultural and forestry land with high natural value, to decrease soil erosion and maintain the extensive agriculture.

Puglia is a region that is still not excessively urbanized, where green and cultivated areas, are still fairly large, however, the forest surface area is only between 6-7% of the region. Unfortunately, the biodiversity has decreased over the recent decades, but the existing fauna species are still varied and numerous. Some of them are typical of the Mediterranean area, while others are specific to this region.

As far as the flora is concerned, this region is dominated by the omnipresent olive tree. To surround the immense expanses of olive trees we find another element strongly present throughout the region, the Mediterranean scrub, beautiful to look at and always fragrant, with aromatic herbs that often find ample space also in regional cuisine.

The ‘fichi d’india’ is worth highlighting, as it is a common tree inhabiting streets and gardens. Pine forests are at constant presence along the coast, the beautiful shape and fragrant enrich the surroundings.

Puglia is one of the driest and hottest areas in Italy with temperature up 45C in summer, the heat is causing heat islands especially in the ancient cities with limited to no greenery and great amounts of stone. Whereas the coastal areas along the Adriatic Sea towards the Salento Peninsula are exposed to varying winds affecting changes in temperature and conditions. The climate of Puglia is typically Mediterranean: coastal and flat areas have hot, dry and windy summers, with generally mild and relatively rainy winters. Precipitation, concentrated in late autumn and winter, is however rare and especially rainy. However, in northern Puglia, summers are rather fresh and snowfall and night fog are not uncommon in winter. Taking into account the ten weather stations present in Puglia, the annual average temperatures in the North East are between 11.7°C and 13°C, while they are 4°C higher in the Taranto, Brindisi and Lecce region.

The high risk of forest fires is mainly concentrated in areas with high vegetation, such as the Gargano National Park or Alta Murgia one. Also, the warm and dry climate of southern Puglia promotes the risk of forest fire. However, more than 70% of fires in Italy are caused by humans, voluntarily or not, aided to a small extent by climate change.

The industrial development of Puglia has mainly been developed in the sixties, where industrial establishments were rapidly built, mainly in around the trade and port cities Taranto, Brindisi and Bari. This allowed Puglia flourish in economic activities, generating new employment possibilities. However, the rapid expansion led to dangerous pollution on regional scale, but also a national and European one. For the past decades, certain cities in the Puglia Region have been faced with the consequences of the industrial era, such as polluted soil, contaminated water, increase of cancer cases, air pollution and more.

Olive Tree Cisternino (Schmitz, 2021)

Pictures: Google Earth

The Region is characterized by flatland and smaller hills with only some mountainous areas in the north. Puglia has always been an agriculture region, due

to its beneficial flatness, offering excellent conditions for cultivation. Agriculture is the one of the main economic factors in Puglia mainly intensive

agriculture, such as wheat, tomatoes, grape, olive oil and vegetable. With a slowly decreasing population of about 4 million in 2019 (Tutti Italia , 2021).

Rural Areas

Agricultural Land

Intermediate Rural Areas Peri-Urban and Urban Areas

The industrial pollution in Puglia has been an issue for decades, affecting the whole soceity of Italy. Especially in Puglia the pollution has a tremendeous affect on its inhabitants.

There are countless articles about the pollution in Puglia, harming the citizen, environment and habitat, endangering Apulian health. Indeed, Taranto, one of the most polluted cities in Europe, it has the highest number of cases of cancers related to occupational diseases in Italy in 2019.

Brindisi on the other hand is also listed as the fourteenth place in Italy, after Taranto.It’s the second most polluted city located in Puglia, after Taranto. Ilva, the biggest steel factory in Europe, is the most polluting factory in Italy. Only 7% of the pollution is from habitants and 93% from industrial origin. In may 2021, the two previous Ilva owners were convicted of allowing carcinogenic pollution to emanate from the factory for over fifty years.

This map indicates the high density of buildings and industries in Puglia, it especially shows the location of factories, close to cities and villages, scattered around the region. The map correlates with the map of rural and urban areas, as well as the population density, demonstrating the human settlements while highlithing the human intervention on the region of Puglia. Furthermore, it can be seen that the coastal cities are surrounded by factories and industrial sites.

Collection of Abandoned Sites in Puglia (Schmitz, 2021)

VISION AND STRATEGY

We are in the midst of an exponentially escalating catastrophe and face a twin challenge of climate change and biodiversity lost. After our extensive research and analysis we comprehended the oppor-tunities and possibilities Puglia offers.

The Sustainable Development Goals by the United Nations are a guiding principle for and an urgent call for action by countries around the world to work in a global partnership (Nations, 2022). Addressing the combined aim to fight climate change, enhancing the preservation of our forests and ocean, ending deprivations, and improving health and education, are some of the objectives.

The completion of the RELAME project will improve most of the goals and we are tackling four goal directly. “(11) Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” (Nations, 2022). The renaturation of abandoned and unsafe sites, such as the industrial sites in Bari, strengthen an inclusive and sustainable life in the city, generating jobs and valuable space for life. Furthermore, it ensures access to nature for the residents while improving the quality of life in the city.

“(13) Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (Nations, 2022).” This target forms the basis of the research and the project and is the fundamental goal within every operation. Giving all attention to the recovery and growth of biodiversity, is the aspiration of RELAME while allowing nature to blossom and thrive, leading to connected biological corridors.

“(14) Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, sea and marine resources for sustainable development” (Nations, 2022). The severe threat of the oceans is affecting the whole ecosystems, it is our duty to sustainably protect and manage costal and marine ecosystems. The Region of Puglia has the longest coastline on the mainland of Italy, most of the Lame will end in the sea, where the beaches will be placed under protection to give back to the nature and allow living organisms to move freely ins the corridor.

“(15) Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forest, combat desertification, and halt and reserve land degradation and halt biodiversity loss” (Nations, 2022).” This goal combines all of the goals of the RELAME project and emphasizes the significance and importance of the afforestation of the Lame in Puglia.

REUSING and REVITALISING existing connections as a prototype to improve the biological ecosystem

Lame in Puglia

The “lame” are shallow furrows and a long-lasting element of Apulian Landscape, as they have conditioned the development of permanent settlements since ancient times. Orthogonal to the coastline, they partly structure paths and urban centers, linking them to the particular morphological structure of the territory.

The “lame” offers great potential for enhancing biodiversity. The dried rivers are precious from a naturalistic and landscape point of view because they interrupt the landscape of intensive olive agriculture with impulsive vegetation, connecting the coast with the land of Apulia.

The Lame progresses along inhabited centers, agricultural fields, espeically olive tree fields. The depressed bed portrays the opportuniy to foster plant species, fauna and avifauna. Evenutally forming a green ecological corridor, allowing plant and animal speices to move freely and connect vital natural areas.

The requalification of the Lame is the main landscape intervention. The beginning of the Lame Sinatata originates on the west of Bari from the Adriatic Sea, continues through the abandoned industrial sites, emerging into the agricultural fields of Puglia all the way to the Parco Alta Murgia.

Here the nature thrives, the park is described as biodiversity hotspot with a variety of plant and animal species. The lame will turn into a biological corridor allowing species to move freely while also connecting two important ecosystems – the coastal marine life to the forest. The Vision is to Reconquer the landscape as a model to balance nature and city, connecting fundamental corriidors.

Lame in Bari (Schmitz, 2021)

AFFORESTATION OF LAME

Biological Corridors

Respect Native Species

New Habitat for Flora and Fauna

Increase Biodiversity

Connection to Nature

Provide Knowledge and Skills

Sustainable Forestry and Architecture

Education on Biological Ecosystems

ARCHITECTURAL PILOT PROJECT

ADRIATIC SEA PROTECTED BEACH SAND DUNES WETLANDS GRASSLAND

REFORESTATION PARCO ALTA MURGIA

The Valorisation and Protection of Biodiversity in Puglia

reuse of industrail sites

Bitonto Palo del Colle Binetto Toritto Mellitto

Modugno

Bitetto

Sannicardo di Bari

Bitritto

tree house 14 km 24 km tree house tree house

50 km

observatory observatory observatory

35 km 35 km 60 km

observatory

Adelfia

Ceglie del Campo

Bari

AFFORESTATION

RECONNECTING HABITAT AGROFORESTRY

EXPERIENCING LAME BIKE AND PEDESTRIAN PATH RECYCLING ABANDONED SITES

TREE SLALOM

This is a fun way to experience the trees and views from different perspectives

TREE LOOP

Here the tree loop invites to a detour around the tree crown to experience the foliage close up

VOLIERE

This offers the visitors to switch the role with the birds and be a “guest” in the birds voliere

ENHANCING BIODIVERSITY

also making it accessible to the public

The 1000 meter boardwalk is designed as a sequence of micro-experiences along the Lame, offering the unique possibility to enjoy the nature and the views

with strategic rest-points. The rich biodiversity can be experienced from another perspective, as it makes the human a visitor in the untouched nature. The route

through the trees is sensitivley planned to minimize the distubance of the nature.

relationship between humans and

BARI - The reconfiguration of the urban fabric of Bari is an element of the landscape intervention and especially of the requalification of the Lama. The beginning of the Lama Sinatata originates on the west of Bari, continues through the heavy industrial sites, all the way to the Parco Alta Murgia.

The abandoned industrial sites and railways are the key elements for this strategy, as they connect the Lama directly to the centre of Bari, allowing citizen to enjoy the green areas. The new pedestrian system articulates an ecological, visual and physical connection between the Lama, the contemporary city and the historic centre.

URBAN JUNGLE BARI - Six selected abandoned industrial sites are envisaged as an integral part of the green connection extending to the Lama Lamasinta to the city of Bari. The reconfiguration of the urban fabric of Bari permits the conclusion and integration of the green connection from the Parco alta Murgia.

URBAN FORESTRY - The abandoned industrial sites in close proximity to the city offer tremendous potential for urban forestry and transforming grey zones into healthier places for human and animals, as well as reduce pollution, enhance the existing biodiversity and absorb CO2.

City of Bari (Schmitz, 2021)

SITE STRATEGY - The aim of the abandoned indutrial site is to reactivate the space for the citizen by recycling exsiting structures to create an attractive urban green park. The existing greeenery is strengthend by adding new local trees and different plant species from puglia to frame the outdoor spaces. A primary path is introduced to connect the industrial site with the city in the north east and with the new project on the Lame in the south.Secondary paths from the connections between the buildings on site to create an ecosystem throughout the site.

TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY

1. MAPPING

The first step of the transformation of the abandoned industrial site is the mapping of what structures are worth preserving and what structures can be demolished to clear the site and buildings.

2. PRESERVATION

The roof, walls, columns and structural elements are analysed for each building to decide what can be removed and what preserved.

3. NEW STRUCTURES

The existing structures are restored and new elements such as facade are added in resepct to the industrial site.

4. NEW DESTINATION

By demolishing existing buildings new space is generated and clearly defined to strengthen the organisation of the urban space and create meeeting spaces.

Animal Sanctuary

Xylotheque

Xylotheque

Abandoned Industrial Site 6 Bari (Schmitz, 2021)

have the potential to become protagonists of a radical change”

Stefano Boeri, 2018

Abandoned Industrial Site Transformed into Botanical Garden

“Cities

Seasonal Garden

Heated Greenhouse

Greenhouse Hydroponics

Orange Tree in Ostuni (Schmitz, 2021)

Oil OLIIVELabOIL LAB

The significane of Olive Trees in Puglia is explained and the sustainable production of Olive Oil is highlighted to show the importance of the ancient trees

Xylotheque XYLOTHEQUE

Valuable Specimen of Apulian trees are exhibited and grown to educate about the diverse selection of plant species specific to Puglia

Arpa Puglia. (2021). From http://arpapuglia.it/ Boeri, S. (2017). Eclectic Atlases.

Buttimer, A. (2012). Alexander von Humboldt and planet earth’s green mantle. From Open Edition: https://journals. openedition.org/cybergeo/25478?lang=en

Ciseria, F. (2021). Puglia .

EC Europa . (2019). From Eurostat: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/9746862/1-29042019-BP-EN. pdf/329a9132-20c0-485b-aa22-b34864c22fde

Enel . (2020, May). From https://www.enel.com/media/ explore/search-press-releases/press/2020/05/enelearly-closure-of-the-brindisi-thermal-plants-unit-2-authorized0

Eni CBCMED. (2021). From https://www.enicbcmed.eu/ medusa-puglia-has-been-among-fastest-growing-tourism-destinations-europe-over-past-ten-years

Google Earth . (2021). From https://earth.google.com/ web/ Krogh, M. (2020). Connectedness.

Lovelock, J. (2009). The Vanishing Face of Gaia . Perseus Books Group New York. From https://courses.seas.harvard.edu/climate/eli/Courses/EPS281r/Sources/Gaia/ Gaia-hypothesis-wikipedia.pdf

Nations, U. (2022). Sustainable Development Goals. From https://sdgs.un.org/goals

Population Density. (2017). From https://popdensitymap. ucoz.ru/news/153_population_density_administrative_ boundaries_map_of_provincia_di_puglia_italy_abitanti_densita_italia_provincija_apulija/2017-01-26-174

(2018). Puglia Region, Italy . World Health Organisation . Pugliacon. (2021). From https://pugliacon.regione.puglia. it/web/sit-puglia-paesaggio/rete-natura-2000 PugliaSalute. (2021). From Centro Salute Ambiente Puglia: https://www.sanita.puglia.it/web/csa/ qualita-dell-aria-e-salute

Ripple, W. (2017). World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice . (2010). Rural Development Programme.

Schmitz, A. M. (2021). Impressions of Puglia. Puglia. Schmitz, T. u. (2016). Leitbild Luitpoldblock .

Statista . (2021). From https://www. statista.com/statistics/1007019/ reports-of-cancers-related-to-occupational-diseases-in-italy/ The 17 Goals . (2020, September). From United Nations : https://sdgs.un.org/goals Tutti Italia . (2021). From https://www.tuttitalia.it/puglia/ statistiche/popolazione-andamento-demografico/ Tutti Italia. (2021). From https://www.tuttitalia.it/puglia/ statistiche/popolazione-andamento-demografico/ United Nations . (2018, May 16). Retrieved 2020 from Department of Economic and Social Affairs: https://www. un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html

Weller, R. (2019). World P-ark.

Weller, R. (2021). Atlas for the end of the world .

Images are either generated from the Web and Lectures or exclusively taken on the research trip to the region of Puglia in November 2021, by Francesca Ciseria, Vincenzo Forese, Alice Loney, and Anna Schmitz.

Image 1: World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity (KROGH M. 2020)

Image 2: Sketch by Alexander von Humboldt (KROGH M. 2020)

Image 3: Torre Canne Beach in Puglia (Schmitz A. M., 2021)

Image 4: Traditional Trulli Cisternino in Puglia (Schmitz A. M., 2021)

Image 5: Traditioinal Trulli Cisternino in Puglia (Schmitz A. M., 2021)

Image 6: Duomo di Ostuni in Puglia (Schmitz A. M., 2021)

Image 7-22: Parco Nazionale del Gargano, Parco Nazionale delle Alta Murgia, Marina Protetta di Torre, Guaceto, Oasi SalsoLago, Riserva Naturale Isole Tremiti, Parco Nazionale delle Alta Murgia, Bosco delle Pianelle, Conversano e Gravina di Monsignore, Palude del Conte e Duna Costiera, Bosco Cerano, Area Marina Protetta di Torre Guaceto, Forest Umbria, Palude la Vela (Pugliacon.2021)

Image 23: Olive Groves in Ostuni (Schmitz A. M., 2021)

Image 24: Rural Areas in Puglia (Google Earth , 2021)

Image 25: Agricultural Land in Puglia (Google Earth , 2021)

Image 26: Intermediate Rural Areas (Google Earth , 2021)

Image 27: Peri-Urban and Urban Areas (Google Earth , 2021)

Image 28-36: Abandoned Industrial Sites in Bari (Schmitz A. M., 2021)

Image 37: Sustainable Development Goals (Nations, 2022)

Image 38: Abandoned Site in Brindisi (Schmitz A. M., 2021)

Image 39: Lame in Bari (Schmitz A. M., 2021)

Image 40: City of Bari (Schmitz A. M., 2021)

Image 41: Abandoned Industrial Site 6 in Bari (Schmitz A. M., 2021)

Image 42: Orange Tree in Ostuni (Schmitz A. M., 2021)

Image 43: Fishermen in Bari (Schmitz A. M., 2021)

Table of Diagrams

Table of Maps

All diagrams in this research booklet are entirely produced and drawn by Francesca Ciseria, Vincenzo Forese, Alice Loney, and Anna Schmitz.

Diagram 1: Collage of Historical Heritage

Diagram 2: Puglia - Icons of Content

Diagram 3: Collage of Plant and Animal Species

Diagram 4: Typologies of Connection

Diagram 5: Connection Scheme of River, Lama and Land

Diagram 6: Section of the Lama after Afforestation

Diagram 7: Growth of the Lama over 30 Years

Diagram 8: Reforestation of Lame

Diagram 9: Parco Alta Murgia to the Adriatic Sea

Diagram 10: Section Reconnecting Habitat

Diagram 11: Section of new protected Habitat

Diagram 12: Strategy Layers of the Lame

Diagram 13: Afforestation of Lame and Pedestrian Path

Diagram 14: Experience the Lame

Diagram 15: Tree House

Diagram 16: Tree Slalom

Diagram 17: Tree Loop

Diagram 18: Voliere

Diagram 19: Elevation of the Tree House in Lame

Diagram 20-26: Renaturing Industrial Sites

Diagram 27: Abandoned Industrial Site 6 in Bari

Diagram 28: Transformation of Abandoned Industry

Diagram 29: Sustainable Agriculture

Diagram 30: Olive Oil Lab

Diagram 31: Visualisation of the Olive Oil Lab

The Maps presented are solely produced for this research booklet, with the primary base from QGIS, by Francesca Ciseria, Vincenzo Forese, Alice Loney, and Anna Schmitz.

Map 1: Biodiversity Hotspots indicated on World Map (Weller & QGIS, 2021)

Map 2: Region of Puglia indicated on Italy Map Map 3: Historical Heritage and Sites Map 4: Festivals and Events throughout the year in Puglia Map 5: Natural Areas in Puglia Map 6: Natural Areas in Puglia

Map 7: Protected Areas and National Parks in Puglia Map 8: Agricultural Areas in Puglia Map 9: Agriculture in Puglia Map 10: Buildings and Cities in Puglia Map 11: Population Density in Puglia (Population Density, 2017) Map 12: Pollution indicated in cities in Puglia (PugliaSalute, 2021) Map 13: Layers of Natural Areas, Pollution and Cities in Puglia Map 14: Synthesis Map of Puglia Map 15: Lame in Puglia

Map 16: Parco Alta Murgia to the Adriatic Sea Map 17: City of Bari and Connection to the Adriatic Sea