Welcome back to another edition of your favourite dog magazine!
We’ve got lots to share with you this month, including health-focused articles on cataracts, heart failure and cherry eye, plus a set of DIY projects to keep you and your dog occupied over the winter months. We also meet Rachel and Baxter and Shelley and Bagel and find out why Baxter and Bagel deserve to be DQ famous!
As always, we’re hugely grateful to our advertisers, Paleopet and Kyron, for their support. Without them, we wouldn’t be able to bring you this magazine free of charge every single month.
Finally, if you have any articles you’d like to see featured here, please get in touch! We’d love to hear from you.
Until next time.
Dr Lizzie Harrison | Editor Lizzie and
the DQ team
xxx
DIGITAL ISSUE 10B | 2024
Affenpinscher
The 'Monkey Dog'
Meet Rachel and Baxter
Aka Baxter’s rise to fame
Meet Shelley and Bagel
Bagel – Putting the ‘great’ in Great Dane
Fighting like cats and dogs
Can dogs and cats live together harmoniously?
Keep busy this winter
Creative dog-friendly DIY projects
Understanding cherry eye
Causes, symptoms, and treatment
Understanding cataracts in dogs
Causes, symptoms, and treatment options
Understanding heart failure in dogs
Your questions answered Products we love
Affenpinscher
THE 'MONKEY DOG'
The Affenpinscher, often called the ‘Monkey Dog’ for its comical, expressive face, is a toy breed that has captured the hearts of dog lovers worldwide. With their unique appearance and endearing personality, Affenpinschers make delightful companions for those looking for a loving pet with LOTS of personality.
HISTORY OF THE AFFENPINSCHER
The Affenpinscher, known for its unique appearance and big personality, boasts a rich history dating back several centuries. Originating in Germany, the Affenpinscher's roots can be traced back to the 17th century, although there are records suggesting their presence as far back as the 15th century. Initially, these small dogs were bred to work as ratters, tasked with keeping homes, stables, and shops free of vermin. Their small size and tenacious nature made them exceptionally good at their job.
Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, the Affenpinscher continued to evolve. They were crossbred with other small breeds, including the Pug, German Pinscher, and perhaps even the Pomeranian, to refine their characteristics. These breeding efforts aimed to enhance their ratting abilities while also developing their appearance and nature.
By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Affenpinscher's role began to shift from that of a working dog to a companion dog. Their endearing looks, combined with their affectionate and playful nature, made them popular among European nobility and the general public alike. The breed's transition to a companion animal led to further refinement of their appearance, with an emphasis on their distinctive monkey-like face.
RECOGNITION
The German Kennel Club officially recognised the Affenpinscher in the early 1900s. The breed standard was established to maintain its unique characteristics and ensure its continued development as a distinct breed. Affenpinschers were first introduced to the United States in the early 20th century, and the American Kennel Club (AKC) recognised the breed in 1936.
PRESENCE IN CULTURE
The Affenpinscher has made its mark in various cultural contexts over its history, often being featured in art and literature due to its unique look and lively personality. These special dogs are sometimes depicted in paintings from the Renaissance period, showcasing their longstanding presence in European households.
THE AFFENPINSCHER TODAY
Today, the Affenpinscher remains a relatively rare breed but has a dedicated following of enthusiasts who appreciate their quirky personality and distinctive appearance. They are known for their loyalty, intelligence, and playful nature, making them excellent companions for those who can meet their exercise and socialisation needs.
Affenpinschers are small dogs, typically weighing between three to six kilograms and standing about 20cm to 30cm tall at the shoulder. They have a distinctive, somewhat scruffy appearance with a dense, rough coat that comes in various colours, including black, grey, silver, red, and black and tan. Their face is one of their most notable features, with a short, turnedup nose, round dark eyes, and a bushy beard and eyebrows that give them an intelligent yet oh-so-mischievous expression.
TEMPERAMENT
Despite their small size, Affenpinschers have big personalities. They are known for their playful, adventurous, and sometimes independent nature. They are incredibly loyal to their families and can be quite protective, often showing an alert and fearless demeanour. Affenpinschers get along well with other pets and children, although they may be a bit reserved with strangers. Early socialisation and training are essential to ensure they develop into well-mannered adults.
CARE AND GROOMING
The Affenpinscher's wiry coat requires regular grooming to keep it looking its best. Weekly brushing and occasional trimming will help maintain their distinctive appearance and prevent matting. They are relatively low-shedding dogs, making them a suitable choice for people with mild allergies. Routine care such as dental hygiene, nail trimming, and ear cleaning should also be part of their regular grooming routine.
LIFESTYLE
The Affenpinscher is a versatile breed that can adapt well to various living situations, from apartments to larger homes. They do best in a home where they are not left alone for long periods, as they thrive on human companionship.
In terms of exercise, they are active little dogs that need regular
movement and stimulation to keep them happy and healthy. Daily walks, playtime in a secure garden, or interactive games indoors will help meet their activity needs. They are intelligent and eager to please, although their independent streak can sometimes make training a challenge. Positive reinforcement methods, combined with patience and consistency, work best.
PROGRESSIVE RETINAL ATROPHY (PRA)
PRA is a group of inherited eye diseases in dogs that cause the gradual deterioration of the retina, ultimately leading to blindness. The retina is a crucial part of the eye that converts light into nerve signals, allowing vision. PRA affects the photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) in the retina, causing them to degenerate over time.
HEALTH
Affenpinschers are generally healthy dogs with a lifespan of around 12 to 15 years. However, like all breeds, they are prone to certain health conditions. Potential issues include hip dysplasia, patellar luxation, heart problems, and eye disorders such as cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy. Regular veterinary check-ups and a healthy diet can help prevent or manage these conditions.
CONCLUSION
With their charming looks, lively personality, and loving nature, the Affenpinscher is a wonderful addition to the right home. They bring a lot of joy and laughter to their families and are sure to keep you entertained with their playful antics and affectionate demeanour. If you're looking for a small dog with a big heart and a lot of character, the Affenpinscher might be the perfect breed for you.
Meet Rachel and Baxter
AKA BAXTER’S RISE TO FAME
Here we meet Rachel Broll and Baxter!
What is your dog’s name?
Rachel: My little beagle is named Baxter. However, his full name is ‘Baxter Peanut Broll’, which is reserved for serious situations only.
How old is your dog, and how long have you had him?
Rachel: He is turning six years old in October (birthday party plans are already underway), and I have had him since he was a puppy.
Does your dog have brothers or sisters?
Rachel: Baxter has an older sister who is a sausage dog named Pebbles. They are partners in crime but Pebbles uses her experienced age to her advantage and always leaves the scene of the crime before getting caught to make sure Baxter is framed for all of the dug-up holes in the garden.
What is your dog’s favourite treat?
Rachel: Baxter’s favourite treat is peanut butter, which is why his nickname is ‘little baby peanut butter bum,’ which is, of course, much less effort and faster to say than ‘Baxter’. Our bond runs deep, but I know he would trade me for a teaspoon of peanut butter without a second thought.
Does your dog have any hobbies or activities he likes to take part in?
Rachel: Baxter loves to put his mind to the test and loves to learn tricks! He is always ready to show off his tricks for a treat and is forever ready and eager to be taught something new. Baxter also loves to take part in agility courses, go for walks in the park, attend markets and visit the horses at the stables. However, he also has a passion for stealing socks and takes great pleasure in forcing you to chase after him in an attempt to get them back.
Why should your dog be DQ famous?
What makes your dog unique?
Rachel: I would say Baxter’s versatile nature makes him unique. He stays true to his stubborn and curious nature as a Beagle but also rises above the stereotype of his breed being difficult to train.
Rachel: Baxter should be DQ famous because he is dedicated to being a positive role model to all other dogs and is passionate about canine rights. He vows to use this platform and his influence to advocate for larger portioned dinners, access to toys, the right to sleep in human beds and the abolishment of the ‘no stealing socks’ law for all dogs across the country.
Meet Shelley and Bagel
BAGEL – PUTTING THE ‘GREAT’ IN GREAT DANE
Here we meet Shelley Wolhuter and her special Great Dane, Bagel.
What is your dog’s name and breed?
Shelley: Bagel. He’s a Great Dane.
How old is your dog and how long have you had him?
Shelley: Three years old. I got him as a puppy, so I have had him for three years.
Does your dog have brothers or sisters?
Shelley: Bagel has two brothers –Rolex who is a Great Dane x Pitbull mix (we think) and Sooty, a black cat.
What is your dog’s favourite treat?
Shelley: A dinosaur bone! It’s a raw long-bone chopped lengthways, with a little bit of marrow in the middle. He can crunch on it for days and clean his teeth (bonus!), but it’s too big to swallow. Win-win.
Does your dog have any hobbies or activities he likes to take part in?
Shelley: Bagel loves to play scent games. His two favourite games are:
1. The ‘sniffy’ game, where we scatter kibble on a large section of the lawn and he has to sniff it out to find the treats - think super-sized snuffle mat!
2. Hide and Seek, where we hide a toy of his choosing in another room and he has to track it down. He has excellent eyesight so we have to get creative and to make sure he doesn’t see where we put the toy otherwise it’s over too quickly.
What makes your dog unique?
Shelley: Bagel is a social butterfly and has made friends in all shapes and sizes, including a pig! His life goal is to make as many friends as possible.
Why should your dog be DQ famous?
Shelley: Bagel loves to make people laugh, which is pretty special.
and dogs
CAN DOGS AND CATS LIVE TOGETHER HARMONIOUSLY?
The age-old phrase ‘fighting like cats and dogs’ suggests these two species are natural enemies. However, many households successfully integrate both, enjoying the companionship of dogs and cats together. So, how do they do it? And can dogs and cats truly live together happily?
UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS
The main thing to understand is that the two species have completely different social and communication structures. In very simple terms, dogs are social animals, that strive on interactions, while cats tend to be more solitary and territorial.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT ANIMALS
There are two key considerations when it comes to selecting a dog and cat that are most likely to get on:
1. Temperament: The personality of both the dog and the cat plays a significant role in the compatibility of the pairing. A calm, older dog is more likely to get along with a kitten or a cat than a high-energy, younger dog. Similarly, a confident, social cat will likely adapt better to a new dog than a shy, skittish one.
have gentle temperaments that mesh well with feline companions. Conversely, breeds with a strong prey drive, such as Terriers and Greyhounds, may find it challenging to coexist with cats.
‘stay’, and ‘leave it’ can help manage interactions and prevent the dog from chasing the cat.
INTRODUCING DOGS AND CATS
The success of the pairing rests heavily on how the introductions are handled. Here are the main things to bear in mind:
1. Separate spaces: Initially, keep your new pet in a separate room with their own food, water, litter box, and bed. This allows them to get used to the new environment without feeling threatened.
2. Gradual introduction: Start by allowing the pets to smell each other through a door. After a few days, let them see each other through a baby gate or a slightly opened door. This visual introduction helps them get accustomed to each other’s presence.
3. Supervised meetings: Once both pets seem comfortable, allow them to meet in a controlled environment. Keep the dog on a lead and let the cat roam freely. Watch their interactions closely and be ready to intervene if necessary.
4. Positive reinforcement: Reward both pets with treats and praise for calm behaviour. This helps them associate positive experiences with each other’s presence.
KEY PRINCIPLES FOR LONG TERM SUCCESS
For long-term success in the relationship, it is essential to remember the following:
• Supervision: Always supervise interactions between your pets, especially in the beginning. Never leave them alone together until you’re confident they can coexist peacefully.
CREATE A CATFRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT
Dogs tend to be more easy-going than their feline counterparts. As such, cats, particularly those living with dogs, need safe spaces where they can retreat and observe from a distance. Provide high perches, cat trees, or designated rooms where the cat can escape if they feel threatened. It is also important to ensure that the litter box is in a dogfree zone, as cats may refuse to use it if they feel vulnerable.
• Separate resources: Even if your pets get on brilliantly, it is important that each animal has their own resources. Ensure each pet has their own food and water bowls, toys, and beds. This reduces competition and avoids potential conflicts.
• Look out for stress: Both dogs and cats exhibit stress in different ways. Signs of stress in cats include hiding, hissing, or over-grooming. Dogs may show stress by whining, pacing, or displaying destructive behaviours. If you notice these signs, give your pets more space and time to adjust or speak to a behaviourist.
BUILDING A BOND
With time and positive experiences, dogs and cats can learn to coexist peacefully. Some may even become close friends, playing and sleeping together. However, it’s important to manage expectations and understand that every pet is different. Some may never become best buddies but can still live together without conflict.
FINAL THOUGHTS
Dogs and cats can indeed live together harmoniously with the right approach and plenty of patience. By understanding their individual needs and personalities, carefully managing introductions, training your dog and creating a cat-friendly environment, you can foster a peaceful and even loving relationship between your furry companions!
KEEP BUSY THIS WINTER
CREATIVE DOGFRIENDLY DIY PROJECTS
Keeping your dog entertained and engaged is essential for their mental and physical well-being. So, what better way to bond with your furry friend than by creating
some fun, dog-friendly DIY projects together? These activities can be both enjoyable and beneficial for your dog. Here are some creative DIY projects that we think you’ll enjoy!
BEWARE POWERFUL CHEWERS
This toy may not be suitable for very powerful chewers as they can rip and potentially ingest the fabric. For these dogs, it is better to opt for more hardy store-bought toys.
DIY TUG TOY MATERIALS NEEDED:
• Old t-shirts or scraps of fabric
• Scissors
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Cut the fabric into three long strips.
2. Tie a knot at one end to secure the strips together.
3. Braid the strips tightly.
4. Tie another knot at the opposite end.
5. Trim any excess fabric.
This simple tug toy is perfect for interactive play and can help keep your dog’s teeth clean.
• A muffin tin
• Small dog balls
• Dog treats the muffin tin cups.
2. Cover all the cups with tennis balls or small dog balls.
3. Let your dog figure out how to remove the balls to get to the treats.
This puzzle feeder is great for stimulating your dog's mind and encouraging problem-solving skills.
SNUFFLE MAT
MATERIALS NEEDED:
• A rubber mat with holes (such as a sink mat)
• Fleece fabric
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Cut the fleece fabric into strips.
2. Tie the strips through the holes in the mat, creating a shaggy surface.
3. Hide treats or kibble within the fleece strips.
A snuffle mat is a fantastic way to engage your dog's natural foraging instincts and keep them occupied.
DIY AGILITY COURSE
INSTRUCTIONS:
Use PVC pipes and connectors or wooden logs to create jump bars
Set up hula hoops for your dog to Arrange plastic cones in a line for
with physical exercise and mental stimulation. It’s also a great way to
CONCLUSION
Creating dog-friendly DIY projects is a wonderful way to keep your dog entertained, stimulated, and happy. These projects are not only fun to make but also provide your dog with enriching activities that cater to their natural instincts and needs. So, gather your materials and get crafting – your dog will thank you!
UNDERSTANDING
CHERRY EYE
CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND TREATMENT
Cherry eye is a common condition affecting our canine companions. Here, we delve into its intricacies, providing a comprehensive overview of its causes, symptoms, and treatment options to help us better understand and manage this condition.
WHAT IS CHERRY EYE?
Cherry eye is a colloquial term for a prolapsed gland of the third eyelid.
Dogs, unlike humans, have a third eyelid, known as the nictitating membrane, which provides an additional layer of protection and lubrication to the eye. This membrane houses a tear-producing gland, crucial for maintaining eye health. When this gland prolapses or protrudes from its normal position, it becomes visible as a red, swollen mass in the inner corner of the eye, resembling a cherry—hence the name ‘cherry eye.’
CAUSES OF CHERRY EYE
The exact cause of cherry eye is not entirely understood, but it is believed to result from a weakness or defect in the connective tissue that holds the gland in place. Several factors can contribute to this condition:
• Genetics: Certain breeds are predisposed to cherry eye, indicating a hereditary component.
Bulldogs, Beagles, Cocker Spaniels, and Shih Tzus are more commonly affected.
• Age: Cherry eye typically appears in young dogs, often under the age of two.
• Injury or trauma: Any injury or rough handling around the head or eyes can potentially lead to the prolapse of the gland.
SYMPTOMS OF CHERRY EYE
The most apparent sign of cherry eye is the appearance of a red, swollen mass in the corner of the eye. Other symptoms that may accompany cherry eye include:
• Eye irritation: The exposed gland can cause discomfort, leading the dog to scratch or paw at the affected eye.
DIAGNOSIS
• Discharge: There may be increased tear production or discharge from the eye.
• Inflammation: The area around the gland can become inflamed and swollen.
Due to the visible nature of the condition, cherry eye is quite straightforward to diagnose. A vet will conduct a thorough eye examination to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other potential issues.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
There are several approaches to treating cherry eye, depending on the severity of the condition and the individual dog's needs:
NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT
In some cases, particularly if the condition is caught early, a vet may attempt to manually reposition the gland using medication and gentle manipulation. This approach is often temporary, and the gland may prolapse again.
SURGICAL TREATMENT
Surgery is the most effective and common treatment for cherry eye.
There are two primary surgical options:
• Gland replacement: This method involves creating a pocket in the third eyelid and tucking the gland back into place where it is secured. This approach preserves the gland's function and is generally the preferred method.
• Gland removal: In cases where the gland is severely damaged or the replacement surgery fails, removal of the gland may be necessary. However, this option is less desirable because it can lead to decreased tear production and potential dry eye issues later on.
POST-SURGICAL CARE
After surgery, it's crucial to follow your vet’s post-operative care instructions to ensure a successful recovery. This typically includes:
• Medication: Administering prescribed eye drops or ointments to reduce inflammation and prevent infection.
• Elizabethan collar: Using an Elizabethan collar to prevent the dog from scratching or rubbing the eye during the healing process.
• Follow-up visits: Attending followup appointments to monitor healing and ensure the gland remains in place.
PREVENTION
While cherry eye cannot always be prevented, especially in breeds predisposed to the condition, owners can take steps to minimise the risk.
These include avoiding rough play or handling around the dog’s head and eyes and attending routine vet visits to help detect early signs of eye issues.
CONCLUSION
Though alarming in appearance, cherry eye is a very manageable condition with proper vet care. With timely intervention and appropriate treatment, most dogs with cherry eye enjoy a comfortable and healthy life.
CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND TREATMENT OPTIONS
Cataracts are a common eye condition in dogs that can lead to decreased vision and potentially blindness if left untreated. This condition occurs when the eye's lens becomes cloudy, preventing light from passing through and impairing the dog's ability to see clearly. It is essential for dog owners to understand the causes, symptoms, and available treatment options to ensure their furry friends maintain a good quality of life.
WHAT ARE CATARACTS?
A cataract is an opacity in the eye's normally clear lens. The lens functions much like a camera lens, focusing light on the retina at the back of the eye to produce clear images. When a cataract forms, it scatters the light as it passes through the lens, leading to blurred or hazy vision.
CAUSES OF CATARACTS
Cataracts can develop for several reasons in dogs:
• Genetic predisposition: Certain breeds, including Cocker Spaniels, French Poodles, Siberian Huskies, and Labrador Retrievers, are genetically predisposed to cataracts.
• Age: Just like humans, dogs can develop cataracts simply due to ageing.
• Diabetes: Diabetic dogs are particularly susceptible to cataracts. High blood sugar levels can alter the metabolism of the cells in the lens, leading to cataracts.
• Trauma: Injury to the eye can lead to cataract formation.
• Others: Conditions like uveitis or retinal degeneration can also contribute to cataract development.
ARE CATARACTS PAINFUL?
SYMPTOMS OF CATARACTS
The most noticeable symptom of cataracts is a cloudy or bluish-grey covering over the pupil. Other signs can include:
Cataracts themselves are not typically painful for dogs. The clouding of the lens, which defines a cataract, does not cause pain. However, the condition can lead to discomfort or secondary issues that might result in pain or other symptoms. For example, if a cataract is left untreated, it can sometimes lead to lens-induced uveitis, where the body's immune response to the cataract progresses causes inflammation can be painful and redness, swelling, and increased cataracts can lead to glaucoma, attention to manage the pressure Owners need to seek veterinary shows signs of discomfort, such as pawing at the eye, squinting, These symptoms could indicate or a different eye issue entirely. treated early, potentially saving
DID YOU KNOW?
Electroretinography is a diagnostic test used in veterinary medicine to assess the function of the retina, the light-sensitive layer of cells at the back of the eye. This test is
CLASSIFICATION OF
Cataracts may be classified as incipient, immature, mature, and
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Treatment for cataracts primarily involves surgical removal of the cloudy lens. The procedure typically includes replacing the lens with an artificial one and restoring vision. Surgery is highly effective, with a good prognosis in many cases. Non-surgical management focuses on monitoring the progression of the cataracts, treating any underlying conditions like diabetes, and maintaining the dog's quality of life with safety modifications around the home.
– so small it often requires magnification to diagnose. These cataracts involve less than 15% of the lens and cause no
– involves greater than 15% of the lens and often involves multiple layers of the lens or different areas. The retina can still be seen during examination, and visual deficits are typically mild. – involves the entire lens, and the retina cannot be seen during examination. Visual deficits are often significant, and blindness or near-blindness is
– the lens begins to shrink, and the lens capsule appears wrinkled. Lens-induced uveitis often occurs at this stage.
WILL MY DOG GO BLIND?
If cataracts occupy less than 30% of the lens or only one lens is affected, cataracts rarely cause diminished vision. However, visual impairment becomes apparent when the opacity covers about 60% of the total lens area. If the opacity progresses to 100% of the lens, the dog will be blind in the affected eye. However, whether the cataract remains static or progresses will depend on the type of cataract, the breed and other risk factors.
PREVENTION
While not all cataracts can be prevented, especially those due to genetics or ageing, managing diabetes effectively and protecting your dog's eyes from trauma can minimise the risk.
TAKE HOME MESSAGE
Cataracts can significantly affect a dog's quality of life, but with appropriate veterinary care, many dogs continue to live full and happy lives post-diagnosis. Regular checkups, prompt treatment of underlying conditions, and considering surgical options when appropriate can help manage this common condition.
UNDERSTANDING
heart failure
IN DOGS
Heart failure is not a specific disease or diagnosis. It is a syndrome in which severe dysfunction results in the cardiovascular system's failure to maintain adequate blood circulation. Here, we examine this ‘syndrome’ in depth, including how it is diagnosed and what treatment options are available.
WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?
Any heart with a reduced ability to contract is a ‘failing’ heart. Almost any dog with heart disease that leads to heart chamber enlargement or increased heart wall thickness has a ‘failing’ heart. Still, at least initially, the body compensates for these changes, meaning that the dog has no external sign of difficulty and is not classified as being in heart failure or congestive heart failure.
A dog is considered to be in heart failure or congestive heart failure when he exhibits signs and symptoms related to a complex interaction between a failing heart and the blood vessels.
In non-congestive heart failure, the blood flow is too low volume or pressure to supply the organs with enough oxygenated blood for proper function. Depending on the degree of severity, signs of heart failure may appear while the dog is at rest, during mild exertion, or during moderate or extreme exercise.
In congestive heart failure, blood backs up in organs—usually the lungs but occasionally in the body’s other major organs—and causes the congested organs to function abnormally, become swollen with fluid, or both.
CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE
Several factors can contribute to the development of heart failure in dogs, including:
1. Valvular disease: The most common cause, particularly in small breeds, is chronic degenerative valve disease (CVD). This condition affects the heart valves, leading to leaks and inefficient blood flow through the heart.
2. Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM):
This condition, often seen in larger breeds, causes the heart muscles to weaken and the heart chambers to enlarge, impairing the heart’s ability to pump blood.
3. Heartworm disease: This condition is caused by parasitic worms that live in the heart and blood vessels, leading to inflammation and damage to the cardiac structures.
4. Congenital disabilities: Some dogs are born with birth defects affecting the heart structure or function, which can lead to heart failure.
5. Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms that disrupt the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively and reduce blood flow to the tissues that need it.
6. Pericardial disease: Inflammation or fluid buildup in the sac surrounding the heart can restrict heart function.
7. Poisoning: Some poisons affect the heart, cause muscle damage or arrhythmias, and ultimately result in heart failure.
PRESENTATION OF HEART FAILURE
Signs associated with heart failure depend on the causes of the heart failure and the heart chamber that is affected. With left-sided congestive heart failure, the signs and symptoms are caused by a backup of pressure in the blood vessels delivering blood to the left ventricle of the heart. This causes fluid to accumulate within the lungs (called pulmonary oedema). Coughing, difficulty breathing, and exercise intolerance (fatigue with trouble breathing associated with exercise) are the most common signs. Some dogs with left-sided congestive heart failure faint due to lack of blood flow and oxygen to the brain. They may also have a low heart rate and low blood pressure and may collapse due to this. Dogs with leftsided congestive heart failure often breathe faster than healthy dogs. Your vet may ask you to count the number of breaths your dog takes
within a minute when he is sleeping or resting. This sleeping respiratory rate can then be regularly monitored to identify early heart failure and assess whether your dog responds as hoped to treatment.
Right-sided congestive heart failure results in increased pressure in the blood vessels delivering blood to the right atrium of the heart and the body’s veins and capillaries. This may cause fluid to build up in the abdomen, the chest cavity, the liver and the limbs.
Biventricular failure arises when both the right and left ventricles are not working correctly, such as in dogs with heart muscle failure resulting from dilated cardiomyopathy or poisoning. Signs attributable to both forms of congestive heart failure can be noted, although it is common for signs of either right or left congestive failure to outweigh the other.
SYMPTOMS OF HEART FAILURE
Recognising the signs of heart failure early can make a significant difference in managing the condition. Common symptoms include:
• Coughing: This is often worse at night or after exercise due to fluid buildup in the lungs.
• Difficulty breathing: Laboured or rapid breathing or shortness of breath.
• Exercise intolerance: Fatigue and weakness during physical activity.
• Weight loss: Loss of appetite and muscle wasting.
• Abdominal swelling: Due to fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites).
• Restlessness: Especially at night, as the dog struggles to find a comfortable position.
• Fainting or collapse: In severe cases, due to inadequate blood flow to the brain.
if you suspect your dog may have heart failure. To diagnose the condition, your vet will typically do the following:
• A physical examination: Listening to the heart and lungs with a stethoscope to detect abnormalities.
• Chest X-Rays: To check for heart enlargement and fluid in the lungs.
• Echocardiogram: This is an ultrasound of the heart to assess its structure and function.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures electrical activity in the heart and is used to detect abnormal heart rhythms.
• Cardiac biomarker blood tests:
types of heart disease and failure.
• Other blood tests: To check for underlying conditions and assess overall health.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
It is important to treat heart failure to improve heart muscle performance, control arrhythmias and blood pressure, improve blood flow, and reduce the amount of blood filling the heart before contraction. If not controlled, all of these can further damage the heart and blood vessels. It is also necessary to reduce the amount of fluid in the lungs, abdomen, or chest cavity.
DRUGS
There are many types of drugs available for treating heart failure. The specific drugs, dosage, and frequency used will vary depending on the cause and severity of the heart failure and other factors. Your vet can best decide on the appropriate drugs for your pet. All medications a vet prescribes must be given to the animal as directed. Otherwise, they may not be effective and may even cause serious complications or harm.
Some of the drugs used include the following:
• Diuretics are usually prescribed for managing fluid overload.
vessels, increases cardiac output, and reduces blood pressure in patients with congestive heart failure caused by atrioventricular valve insufficiency or dilated cardiomyopathy.
• Digoxin, part of a group of drugs known as positive inotropes, may be used to help the heart muscle contract in patients with certain arrhythmias.
• ACE inhibitors (ACE stands for angiotensin-converting enzyme) and vasodilators can widen blood vessels and thus lower blood pressure.
• Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs (also called beta-blockers) and calcium channel blockers are helpful in some cases of congestive heart failure.
DID YOU KNOW?
Some types of heart failure are caused by a deficiency of a nutrient and can be treated by supplementation with the missing nutrient. However, this type of heart failure is rare.
NUTRITION
The overall nutritional goals for animals with heart failure include supplying adequate calories, reducing inflammation, balancing sodium, and supplementing any missing nutrients. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may also help decrease inflammation and manage arrhythmias.
A low-sodium diet is frequently recommended for dogs with severe congestive heart failure that does not respond well to conventional treatment. In dogs with mild to moderate congestive heart failure, severe sodium restriction is not needed, but diets high in salt and human foods (‘table snacks’) should be avoided. Prescription
diets tailored for these differing levels of sodium restriction are readily available, as are recipes for homemade salt-restricted diets. Sodium-free snacks should also be given in place of regular treats. Salt should not be restricted in dogs with heart disease that have no sign of congestive heart failure because this can result in the early activation of certain hormones that make the problem worse.
OTHER TREATMENTS
Dogs with severe left-sided congestive heart failure and fluid in the lungs (pulmonary oedema) may not get enough oxygen. Oxygen can be given through an oxygen cage, tight-fitting mask, oxygen collar, or nose tube.
are procedures in which a needle is inserted into the chest cavity or abdomen, respectively, to withdraw excess fluid. It may be used to treat dogs with congestive heart failure that have an accumulation of fluid in these areas. The procedure can lead to rapid improvement in signs and can be performed regularly if needed.
Regular vet check-ups and monitoring at home can help track your dog's condition and adjust treatments as needed.
LIFESTYLE ADJUSTMENTS
Moderate exercise, avoiding strenuous activity, and ensuring your dog has a stress-free environment can help manage symptoms.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
While some causes of heart failure cannot be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk:
• Regular vet check-ups: Early detection of heart issues can lead to better management.
• Heartworm prevention: Monthly heartworm preventatives can protect against this dangerous parasite.
• Weight management: Keeping your dog at a healthy weight reduces strain on the heart.
CONCLUSION
Heart failure in dogs is a serious condition, but with early detection, proper treatment, and ongoing management, many dogs can continue to live happy, comfortable
lives. By understanding the causes, recognising the symptoms, and working closely with your vet, you can provide the best possible care for your canine companion.
YOUR DOG QUESTIONS ANSWERED
How can I tell if my dog is comfortable in his bed or not?
Ensuring your dog is comfortable in his bed is crucial for his overall wellbeing and health. Dogs, like humans, need a cosy and supportive place to rest. Here are some signs and tips to help you determine if your dog is comfortable in his bed or if adjustments need to be made.
SIGNS YOUR DOG IS COMFORTABLE
• Appears at ease: Your dog lies down and appears relaxed on his bed, with their body stretched out or curled up in a natural
position. He may sigh or yawn, showing that he feels at ease in the space.
• Shows a preference: Your dog chooses to sleep or rest in the bed and willingly goes to his bed when tired or after a play session without being coaxed.
• Settles quickly: He settles quickly into his bed without much fussing or circling, although he might nuzzle into the bedding a bit or make a comfortable ‘nest’ before lying down.
• Moves through various positions: Dogs may sleep in multiple positions, such as on their side, back, or curled up. If your dog uses his bed for all these positions, it likely means he finds it comfortable.
• Lengthy sleep: If your dog sleeps for long periods without moving around excessively or waking up frequently, it’s a good sign he is comfortable.
SIGNS YOUR DOG MIGHT BE UNCOMFORTABLE
• Restlessness: Your dog frequently changes positions, gets up and down, or shifts around, indicating he can't get comfortable.
• Avoidance: Your dog avoids his bed altogether and prefers sleeping on the floor, couch, or elsewhere.
• Excessive chewing or scratching: While some scratching or digging is normal, excessive behaviour may indicate your dog is trying to make the bed more comfortable.
• Pawing or nudging: Your dog may repeatedly paw or nudge at their bed, showing dissatisfaction with its comfort or position.
• Visible discomfort: Your dog appears stiff, tense, or in an unnatural sleeping position, suggesting he is uncomfortable.
TIPS TO IMPROVE BED COMFORT
• Choose the right size: Ensure the bed is the appropriate size for your dog. He should be able to stretch out fully without hanging off the edge.
• Consider the material: Different dogs prefer different textures. Some prefer a soft, plush bed, while others prefer a firmer, orthopaedic mattress.
• Check for support: Orthopaedic beds or those with memory foam can provide better support, especially for older dogs or those with joint issues.
• Keep it clean: Regularly wash the bed cover and vacuum the bed itself to keep it free from dirt, allergens, and pests.
• Placement: Place the bed in a quiet, draft-free area where your dog feels safe and secure. Avoid high-traffic areas that might disturb his rest.
• Add blankets or cushions: A soft blanket or cushion can increase comfort and provide extra warmth during colder months.
• Adjust as needed: Watch your dog's behaviour and adjust based on his preferences. Sometimes, moving the bed to a different location can make a big difference.
Paying attention to your dog's behaviour and preferences ensures he has a comfortable and inviting resting place. A comfy bed is essential for his overall health and happiness, providing him with a safe haven to relax and recharge. If you notice signs of discomfort, don’t hesitate to make changes and create a cosy retreat tailored to your dog’s needs.
Products we love
Shopping fun
PaleoPet Pure 100% Green Beef Tripe for Dogs
Humans may find tripe to be somewhat of an acquired taste (and smell), but dogs absolutely love it! Our tripe has been thoroughly washed and cleaned for you, while retaining all the nutrition of unbleached tripe. It’s easy to serve and store and has so many health benefits for adult and senior dogs especially.
to no carbohydrate, moderate protein and high fat. Tripe can also entice dogs who may not feel all that well and are reticent to eat.
Our 100% Green Beef Tripe (and nothing else) is made from the best quality local beef with no preservatives, colourants or artificial flavourants.
Tripe is rich in trace minerals, while moderate in protein and fat. It is a great complementary raw food addition to a diet for dogs who may struggle with constipation or need foods that are easier to digest. Tripe doesn’t contain any bone, but still maintains a perfect calcium phosphorus balance, which is rare for animal protein without bone content.
Tripe can be used as a basis for a ketogenic diet for dogs with cancer or epilepsy where one should feed low
The PaleoPet Pure range is FSA Food Safety certified and DALRRD registered. Also available in convenient, pre-frozen 1,5 Kg and 750g tubs or as a box of 12 individually wrapped 100g Patties. The tubs are reusable, recyclable and PBA-free.
Products can be purchased online at www.paleopetpure.com and delivered to your door or bought at selected retailers.
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