Image.UA 2009.1 by International business magazine IMAGE.UA

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ÕÅÐÑÎÍÙÈÍÀ ÑÌÀÐÀÃÄ Ó ÇÎËÎÒ² ËÀÍ²Â

Kherson Region — an emerald in fields of gold

¹1(6) 2009

Õë³áîì-ñ³ëëþ ïðèâ³òàºìî, äîáðó ï³ñíþ çàñï³âàºìî!

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Ä²ËÎÂÈÉ

ÆÓÐÍÀË

Ïåðåäïëàòíèé ³íäåêñ: 37326

ÍÀÃËßÄÎÂÀ ÐÀÄÀ

SUPERVISORY BOARD

Ãîëîâà Íàãëÿäîâî¿ ðàäè æóðíàëó «²ì³äæ.UA» Head of the editorial board Ìèêîëà ÆÓËÈÍÑÜÊÈÉ, Ãîëîâà Íàö³îíàëüíî¿ ðàäè ïðè Ïðåçèäåíòîâ³ Óêðà¿íè ç ïèòàíü êóëüòóðè òà äóõîâíîñò³

Boris OLIYNYK, The Hero of Ukraine, Head of Ukrainian Culture Foundation

Áîãäàí ÄÀÍÈËÈØÈÍ, Ì³í³ñòð åêîíîì³êè Óêðà¿íè

Ðîëàíä ÔÐÀÍÊÎ, ïðåçèäåíò Öåíòðó «Ôðàíêî-ªâðîïà», îíóê ²âàíà Ôðàíêà

Bohdan DANYLYSHYN, Minister of Economic Affairs of Ukraine

Roland FRANKO, The President of the Center «FrankoEurope», grandson of Ivan Franko

Â³êòîð ÏÎËÒÀÂÅÖÜ, Ì³í³ñòð âóã³ëüíî¿ ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ Óêðà¿íè

Ìèêîëà ÎÍ²ÙÓÊ, Ì³í³ñòð Þñòèö³¿ Óêðà¿íè Mykola ONISCHUK, Minister of Justice of Ukraine

Viktor POLTAVETS, Minister of Coal Industry of Ukraine

Âèäàâåöü: Àëëà ÀËÈÌÎÂÀ Êåð³âíèê ïðîåêòó: Îëåíà ÑÒÜÎÁÀËÎ Ãîëîâíèé ðåäàêòîð: Ê³ðà ØÏÀÍÜÊÎ Âèêîíàâ÷èé äèðåêòîð: Í³íà ÕÀÐ×ÓÊ Êîðåêòîð-ë³òðåäàêòîð: Îëåíà ÂÒÎÐÈÕ Ôîòîêîðåñïîíäåíòè: Â³êòîð ØÓÊË²Í, Îëåêñ³é ÑÍ²ÃÓÐ Äèçàéí òà âåðñòêà: Íàòàë³ÿ ÐÓÄÎÌÅÒÎÂÀ Â³ää³ë ðåêëàìè: Îëåêñàíäð ÑÒÜÎÁÀËÎ, Òåòÿíà ÂÎËÊÎÄÀÂ, +38 044 425 33 40, adv@image.ua Àíãë³éñüêà ðåäàêö³ÿ: Ãîëîâíèé ðåäàêòîð: äîêòîð ô³ëîëîã³÷íèõ íàóê Øàõðàì Ä²ÍÄÀÐ Ïåðåêëàäà÷³: Ìàéêë Õåéë³, Ìàðèíà Øåâ÷åíêî, Àíàñòàñ³ÿ Çàêîðäîíåöü, Òåòÿíà Òàðêîâñüêà, Ãàííà Ì³íêîâà

Ì²ÆÍÀÐÎÄÍÈÉ Á²ÇÍÅÑ-ÆÓÐÍÀË ÏÐÅÌ²ÓÌ ÊËÀÑÓ

Ðîçïîâñþäæåííÿ æóðíàëó çä³éñíþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ö³ëüîâî¿ ðîçñèëêè òà ïåðåäïëàòè. Áîðèñ ÎË²ÉÍÈÊ, Ãåðîé Óêðà¿íè, ãîëîâà Óêðà¿íñüêîãî ôîíäó êóëüòóðè

Mykola ZHULYNSKY, chairman of the National Council on Cultural and Spiritual Affairs under the aegis of the President of Ukraine

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Founder: Alla ALYMOVA Project Director: Olena STOBALO Editor in chief: Kira SHPANKO Executive director: Nina KHARCHUK Proof reader-corrector: Elena FTORIK Press photographer: Victor SHUKLIN, Alexey SNIGUR Design and Graphic design: Natalia RUDOMETOVA Advertisement Department: Oleksander STOBALO, Tanya VOLKODAV, + 380 44 425 33 40, adv@image.ua Editorial Staff (English Version) Editor in Chief: Dr. S.DINDAR Translation Team: Mike Haley, Marina Shevchenko, Anastasia Zakordonets, Tetiana Tarkovska, Anna Minkova

Ö³ëüîâà ðîçñèëêà: êåð³âíèêàì îðãàí³â äåðæàâíî¿ âëàäè (Âåðõîâíà Ðàäà, Ñåêðåòàð³àò Ïðåçèäåíòà, Êàá³íåò Ì³í³ñòð³â, ì³í³ñòåðñòâà, îáëàñí³ äåðæàâí³ àäì³í³ñòðàö³¿, ì³ñüê³ äåðæàâí³ àäì³í³ñòðàö³¿) êåð³âíèêàì ïðîâ³äíèõ óêðà¿íñüêèõ òà ³íîçåìíèõ êîìïàí³é çàêîðäîííèì ³íâåñòèö³éíèì, ô³íàíñîâèì, êîíñàëòèíãîâèì êîìïàí³ÿì, âåí÷óðíèì ôîíäàì òà áàíêàì Ðîçïîâñþäæåííÿ ÷åðåç: ÒÏÏ Óêðà¿íè (ì³æíàðîäí³ âèñòàâêè, çóñòð³÷³, ñàìì³òè, êîíôåðåíö³¿) óêðà¿íñüê³ ïîñîëüñòâà, òîðãîâ³ ì³ñ³¿ çà êîðäîíîì, çîêðåìà, ó ÑØÀ, êðà¿íàõ ªâðîñîþçó, Ðîñ³¿, Âåëèêîáðèòàí³¿, ßïîí³¿, Êèòà¿, ²íä³¿, Áðàçèë³¿, Êàíàä³ òîùî. ïîñîëüñòâà ³íîçåìíèõ êðà¿í â Óêðà¿í³ óêðà¿íñüê³ óðÿäîâ³ äåëåãàö³¿ çà êîðäîíîì äåðæàâí³ òà ãðîìàäñüê³ îðãàí³çàö³¿, ÿê³ ñïðèÿþòü ðîçâèòêó á³çíåñó â Óêðà¿í³ (InvestUkraine, InvestInRivne, Âèñòàâêîâà ôåäåðàö³ÿ Óêðà¿íè, EBA òîùî)

The distribution of the magazine is done by means of pre-payment and subscription. Subscription: The authorities of the administrative body (Supervisory board, Secretary to the President, Cabinet Minister, Ministry, regional state authorities, local state authorities) Managers and Directors of leading Ukrainian and Foreign companies Foreign investing, financing and consulting companies, venture funds and banks Distribution through: TPP Ukraine (international exhibitions, meetings, summits and conferences) Ukrainian Embassies, trading missions abroad (through the Ministry of economy) (USA, European Union, Russia, Great Britain, Japan, China, India, Brazil, Canada and others) Foreign embassies in Ukraine Ukrainian government delegations abroad State and public organisations that provide development of business in Ukraine (InvestUkraine, InvestInRivne, exhibition federation of Ukraine, EBA and others)

ÇÌ²ÑÒ CONTENT

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ-ËÈÒÂÀ Àëüã³ðäàñ Êóìæà. Óêðà¿íà — íåâ³ää³ëüíà ÷àñòèíà ªâðîïè, ºâðîïåéñüêî¿ ³ñòîð³¿ òà ºâðîïåéñüêî¿ ñó÷àñíîñò³...........24 Ì³êàëîþñ ×þðëüîí³ñ ïîâåðòàºòüñÿ äî Êèºâà.................30 Âñ³ äîðîãè âåäóòü â Óêðà¿íó..........32 Ïðî ò³ñíó ñï³âïðàöþ ³ íå ò³ëüêè.....34

Áîðèñ Ñ²ËÅÍÊÎÂ Boris SILENKOV

Ñòîð.4

Ñòåïîâà ïåðëèíà Óêðà¿íè — Õåðñîíùèíà — ìàº óí³êàëüí³ ïðèðîäíî-êë³ìàòè÷í³ óìîâè, áàãàòó ³ñòîð³þ, ñîë³äíèé åêîíîì³÷íèé ïîòåíö³àë. Òóò áóäóþòü îêåàíñüê³ ñóäíà, âèðîùóþòü äîá³ðíó ïøåíèöþ, çàéìàþòüñÿ âèíîðîáñòâîì....

«Áîíóì Ãðóï»: â³äêðèò³ñòü ³ äîâ³ðà.......................39

Ñòîð.68

«Â³ê³íã» äîëàº êîðäîíè..................42 Åêñïåäèòîð — àðõ³òåêòîð ïåðåâåçåííÿ..................................54

Êðèçîâå öóíàì³ ïðîéøëîñÿ âæå âñ³ìà êîíòèíåíòàìè. Â³ä÷óëà éîãî ³ Óêðà¿íà.

Ç ÏÅÐØÈÕ ÂÓÑÒ Â³òàííÿ ÷ëåí³â Íàãëÿäîâî¿ ðàäè æóðíàëó «²ì³äæ.ua» ì³í³ñòðà åêîíîì³êè Óêðà¿íè Áîãäàíà Äàíèëèøèíà òà ì³í³ñòðà âóã³ëüíî¿ ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ Â³êòîðà Ïîëòàâöÿ.....................58-59

A steppe Pearl of Ukraine — Kherson Region — has unique climate, rich history and solid economical potential. There, they build ships, grow the best wheat, make wine and...

²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²¯ Óêðà¿íà î÷èìà åêñïåðò³â................60 Ðåã³îíàëüíèé àñïåêò ³íâåñòèö³éíî¿ ñêëàäîâî¿.......................................65

ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ Õåðñîíùèíà — ñìàðàãä ó çîëîò³ ëàí³â..................................4 Áîðèñ Ñ³ëåíêîâ. Õåðñîíùèíà ïðàöþº ³ ðîçâèâàºòüñÿ.................................6 Êðàé ñòåïîâèé, ñîíÿ÷íà òà ùåäðà çåìëÿ...............10 ²íâåñòóéòå â Õåðñîíùèíó..............14 Íà ïåðåãîíàõ â³ê³â.........................16 Ï³äñóìêè ä³ÿëüíîñò³ êîìá³íàòó âàãîì³ é ðàçþ÷³.............................22

Crisis tsunami has already been around all continents. And Ukraine has felt it.

Ñòîð.24 Àëüã³äðàñ ÊÓÌÆÀ, Íàäçâè÷àéíèé ³ Ïîâíîâàæíèé ïîñîë Ëèòîâñüêî¿ Ðåñïóáë³êè â Óêðà¿í³: «Îñòàíí³ì ÷àñîì ëèòîâñüêèé á³çíåñ àêòèâíî îñâîþº óêðà¿íñüêèé ðèíîê»

ÀÍÀË²ÒÈÊÀ Öóíàì³ íà ³ì’ÿ êðèçà......................68

Algirdas Kumza, Lithuanian Ambassador to Ukraine. Lately Lithuania has been actively studying Ukrainian market.

Ñòîð.60 Àíäðå Êóóñâåê, äèðåêòîð ïðåäñòàâíèöòâà ÅÁÐÐ â Óêðà¿íè ïðî ³íâåñòèö³éí³ ïåðñïåêòèâè Óêðà¿íè ç òî÷êè çîðó ³íîçåìíîãî ³íâåñòîðà. Andre Kuusvek, the Director of representative office of EBRD in Ukraine talks about the prospect of investment in Ukraine from the point of views of foreign investors. Ì³æíàðîäíèé òðàíñïîðòíèé ïðîåêò «Â²Ê²ÍÃ» âçÿâ êóðñ íà ªâðîñîþç.

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

VIKING, the International transport project, goes to EC.

Ñòîð.42

ÁËÀÃÎ×ÈÍÍ²ÑÒÜ Ëþäèíà ïî÷èíàºòüñÿ ç äîáðà................................96 ÂÈÄÀÒÍ² ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÖ² Âåëèê³ ñ³âåðÿíè...........................100 Â÷åíèé ìóæ ³ç ñèëüíèì õàðàêòåðîì................101 Ãåí³é ìàòåìàòèêè ³ç óêðà¿íñüêèì ñåðöåì.................105 Àðòèñò äëÿ íàðîäó......................114

Ñòîð.76 Ó ëèñòîïàä³ 2008 ðîêó âèïîâíèëîñÿ 90 ðîê³â â³ä äíÿ íàðîäæåííÿ ïàòð³àðõà â³ò÷èçíÿíî¿ íàóêè Ïðåçèäåíòà Íàö³îíàëüíî¿ àêàäåì³¿ íàóê Óêðà¿íè àêàäåì³êà Áîðèñà Ïàòîíà.

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ÃÀËÅÐÅß ß ëþáëþ Óêðà¿íó.........................118

¹1(6)/2009 Çàñíîâíèê — Òîâàðèñòâî ç îáìåæåíîþ â³äïîâ³äàëüí³ñòþ «Ì³æíàðîäíèé ôîíä Äðóæáè íàðîä³â» Äðóêóºòüñÿ óêðà¿íñüêîþ òà àíãë³éñüêîþ ìîâàìè. Æóðíàë âèõîäèòü 1 ðàç íà êâàðòàë. Âèäàºòüñÿ ç âåðåñíÿ 2007 ðîêó. Ñâ³äîöòâî ïðî äåðæàâíó ðåºñòðàö³þ æóðíàëó: ÊÂ ¹12533-1417Ð â³ä 28.03.2007 Äðóê: ÒÎÂ ÂÒÎ «Òèïîãðàô³ÿ â³ä «À äî ß», 02660, ì. Êè¿â, âóë. Êîëåêòîðíà, 38/40, òåë.: (044) 563-1804 Ï³äïèñíèé ³íäåêñ: 37326 ó êàòàëîç³ ÄÏ «Ïðåñà»

In November 2008 the Patriarch of Ukrainian Science and the President of National Academy of Science, Boris Paton, became 90.

Òèðàæ 10 000 ïðèì³ðíèê³â Ö³íà äîãîâ³ðíà. Àäðåñà ðåäàêö³¿: 04070, ì. Êè¿â, âóë. Áîðèñîãë³áñüêà, 12, îô.16 òåë.: +38 044 425 45 32

Ì²ÆÍÀÐÎÄÍÅ ÑÏ²ÂÐÎÁ²ÒÍÈÖÒÂÎ

Ï³äïèñàíî äî äðóêó 05.01.2009

Òàêà ïðèâàáëèâà ³ çàãàäêîâà Ìàëüòà........................72

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ÎÑÎÁÈÑÒ²ÑÒÜ Ëþäèíà-ëåãåíäà Áîðèñ Ïàòîí.................................76 Þâ³ëåé ÿê ïðèâ³ä äëÿ ðîçäóì³â ïðî ïðîôåñ³þ..........85 Âç³ðåöü ä³àëîãó â íèí³øíüîìó ñâ³ò³.........................90

Ì²ÆÍÀÐÎÄÍÈÉ Á²ÇÍÅÑ-ÆÓÐÍÀË ÏÐÅÌ²ÓÌ ÊËÀÑÓ

Îñòàíí³ ÷îòèðíàäöÿòü ðîê³â «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêó» î÷îëþº çàñëóæåíèé øàõòàð Óêðà¿íè Çèíîâ³é Ïàñòåðíàê. Ïðî øàõòàðñüê³ áóäí³ ³ ñâÿòà ÷èòàéòå íà ñòîð. 85. For the last fourteen years Krasnolimanska Mine has been headed by Zinoviy Pasternak, the honoured miner of Ukraine. About Miners daily life and their fests, read on page 85.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MAGAZINE PREMIUM CLASS

¹1(6)/2009 Founder: International Friendship Foundation Ltd. It is published in Ukrainian and English. Magazine published quarterly. It has been published since September, 2007. State registration certificate of printed mass-media, serial number KB No. 12533-1417P from 28.03.2007 Printed by: “From A to Z» Ltd, 38/40, Kolektorna st., Kyiv, 02660, tel.: (044) 563-1804 Subscription index: 37326 DP ‘Press’ catalogue Circulation: 10,000 issues Price: contract value

Ó ðåéòèíãó «Ñòî æèâèõ ³íòåëåêòóàë³â ñâ³òó» ëåãåíäàðíèé òóðåöüêèé ó÷åíèé ³ ô³ëîñîô Ôåòõóëëàõ Ãþëåí ïîñ³â ïåðøå ì³ñöå. The legendary Turkish intellectual Fethullah Gulen, one of the world’s most influential Islamic scholars, has come out on top of a list of “The World’s Top 100 Live Public Intellectuals” .

Ñòîð.90

²ìåíåì Ëåîí³äà Áèêîâà íàçâàíî ç³ðêó òà ë³òàê Ì²Ã. Àëå ãîëîâíå, ùî çàëèøèëîñÿ ï³ñëÿ ö³º¿ òàëàíîâèòî¿ ëþäèíè, — éîãî ô³ëüìè, íà ÿêèõ âèðîñòàþòü ïîêîë³ííÿ. The MIG Fighter was named in the honour of the star, Leonid Bikov. Although the main things left after this talented man are his films which generations grow with.

Ñòîð.114

Publishers address: 12, Borysoglibska St. Kyiv, 04070, Ukraine, tel.: +38 044 425 45 32 To be issued 05.01.2009 Ôîòî íà 2-é òà 3-é ñòîð³íö³ îáêëàäèíêè Àíàòîë³ÿ ÊÓÕÀÐ×ÓÊÀ.

Inside front page and and inside back cover pictures by: Anatoliy KUKHARCHUK

ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ REGION OF TNE COUNTRY

Õåðñîíùèíà — ñìàðàãä ó çîëîò³ ëàí³â

Õåðñîíñüêà îáëàñòü ðîçòàøîâàíà íà ï³âäí³ Óêðàíè â Ïðè÷îðíîìîðñüê³é íèçîâèí³, â ñòåïîâ³é çîí³, ïî îáîõ áåðåãàõ íèæíüî¿ òå÷³¿ Äí³ïðà. Îìèâàºòüñÿ ×îðíèì ³ Àçîâñüêèì ìîðÿìè, à òàêîæ îçåðîì Ñèâàøåì. Íà ë³âîáåðåææ³ Äí³ïðà íà 140 êì ïðîñòÿãàþòüñÿ Îëåøê³âñüê³ ï³ñêè ç äþíàìè çàââèøêè 8-15 ì — öå ºäèíà â ªâðîï³ óí³êàëüíà çà ñâî¿ìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè ïóñòåëÿ. Óí³êàëüíèé êóòî÷îê ïðèðîäè íà Õåðñîíùèí³ — öå á³îñôåðíèé çàïîâ³äíèê «Àñêàí³ÿ-Íîâà» ×àïëèíñüêîãî ðàéîíó. Òóò ðîçì³ùåíà ºäèíà ó ñâ³ò³ ä³ëÿíêà ïåðâèííîãî ñòåïó, ÿêà í³êîëè íå âèêîðèñòîâóâàëàñÿ äëÿ ïîòðåá ñ³ëüñüêîãî ãîñïîäàðñòâà. Óçäîâæ ìîðñüêîãî óçáåðåææÿ òÿãíóòüñÿ íèçüê³ ï³ùàí³ îñòðîâè, ï³âîñòðîâè ³ êîñè, íàéá³ëüø³ ç ÿêèõ — îñòð³â Äæàðèëãà÷, ï³âîñòð³â ªãîðëèöüêèé Êóò, êîñè: Òåíäð³âñüêà, Àðàáàòñüêà Ñòð³ëêà, Ê³íáóðíñüêà. Ðåã³îí ðîçä³ëåíèé íà 18 ñ³ëüñüêèõ, à ì. Õåðñîí íà 3 ì³ñüêèõ ðàéîíè. Ó ñêëàä³ îáëàñò³ 9 ì³ñò, ç ÿêèõ Õåðñîí, Êàõîâêà, Òàâð³éñüê òà Íîâà Êàõîâêà º ïðîìèñëîâèìè ì³ñòàìè, òà 18 ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèõ ðàéîí³â. Çàãàëüíà ê³ëüê³ñòü íàñåëåííÿ ñêëàäàº 1 ìëí 107,5 òèñ. îñ³á. ×èñåëüí³ñòü åêîíîì³÷íî àêòèâíîãî íàñåëåííÿ ó â³ö³ 15-70 ðîê³â ñòàíîâèòü 553 òèñ. îñ³á, ³ç íèõ çàéíÿòèõ åêîíîì³÷íîþ ä³ÿëüí³ñòþ — 504,6 òèñ. îñ³á (äàí³ 2006 ðîêó).

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Kherson region is in the south of Ukraine. It is located in the Prichernomorsk lowland, in a steppe area, on both banks of the Dnipro estuary. It is washed by the Black and Azov Seas, as well as by the Syvash. On the left-bank of Dnipro the 140 km long Oleshkivsk sands stretches out with 8-15 m high dunes. It is the only dessert in Europe with unique features. A biosphere preserve Askanya Nova of Chaplinsk district is a unique place of nature in the Kherson region. The only area of primary steppe in the world, which has never been cultivated, is situated here. Low sandy islands, peninsulas and tongues of land stretch along the seashore. The largest of them are Dzharilgach Island, the peninsula of Egorlitsk Corner, Tendrivska, Arabatsk Spit, Kinburnska tongues of land. The region is divided into 18 rural districts, and Kherson city is divided into 3 city districts. There are 9 cities and 18 agricultural districts in the region, Kherson, Kakhovka, Tavriysk and New Kakhovka are industrial cities. The population is 1 million 107,5 thousand people. The economically active population aged 15-70 makes up 553 thousand people. 504,6 thousand people are engaged in economic activity (2006).

Kherson region is an emerald in the fields of gold

ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ REGION OF TNE COUNTRY

Âñòóïíå ñëîâî ãîëîâè Õåðñîíñüêî¿ îáëàñíî¿ äåðæàâíî¿ àäì³í³ñòðàö³¿ Áîðèñà Ñ³ëåíêîâà Øàíîâí³ ÷èòà÷³, äîðîã³ äðóç³! Äîçâîëüòå ìåí³ ç³ ñòîð³íîê öüîãî øàíîâàíîãî âèäàííÿ çàïðîñèòè âñ³õ, õòî âì³º ö³íóâàòè íîâå ³ íåçâ³äàíå, íåñòàíäàðòíå, äî Õåðñîíñüêî¿ îáëàñò³, çåìë³ íà ï³âäí³ Óêðà¿íè, ó äåëüò³ Äí³ïðà. Õåðñîíùèíà ðîçòàøîâàíà íà ïåðåõðåñò³ øëÿõ³â, ÿêèìè ïðîòÿãîì â³ê³â ïðîéøëî íåìàëî ïëåìåí, ùî çãîäîì óòâîðèëè íàðîäè íà òåðåíàõ íèí³øí³õ Çàõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè ³ Ï³âäåííî¿ Àç³¿. Îáëàñòü ïðèâåðòàº óâàãó ëþáèòåë³â ñòàðîâèíè ñâî¿ì áàãàòèì ³ñòîðè÷íèì ìèíóëèì, òóðèñò³â — ðåêðåàö³éíèìè çîíàìè-çàïîâ³äíèêàìè òà êóðîðòàìè. Õåðñîíö³ âì³þòü äèâóâàòè: ç îäíîãî áîêó, í³äå ó ñâ³ò³ íå ë³êóþòü êàâóíàìè, à ç ³íøîãî — îáëàñíèé öåíòð, ì. Õåðñîí, ñòàâ öåíòðîì ñòâîðåííÿ íàéñó÷àñí³øîãî òåõíîïàðêó ç íîâ³òí³ìè ñèñòåìàìè ìàøèíîáóäóâàííÿ. Ñàìå òóò âïåðøå ëþäèíà ïðèðó÷èëà êîíÿ, ³ ñàìå òóò âïåðøå áóëè ïîáóäîâàí³ íàéá³ëüø³ íàóêîâî-äîñë³äí³ ñóäíà. Ñòåïîâà ïåðëèíà Óêðà¿íè íå ò³ëüêè ùåäðà íà âðîæà¿, à é ãîñòèííà äëÿ òóðèñò³â. Ùîðîêó ðåêðåàö³éí³ çîíè Õåðñîíñüêî¿ îáëàñò³ â³äâ³äóº ïîíàä ì³ëüéîí òóðèñò³â ç ð³çíèõ ðåã³îí³â íàøî¿ äåðæàâè òà ³íøèõ êðà¿í ñâ³òó. Óñ³õ ìàíèòü òåïëå Àçîâñüêå ìîðå, ö³ëþù³ äæåðåëà ñîëÿíèõ îçåð, óí³êàëüí³ á³îñôåðí³ çàïîâ³äíèêè — «Àñêàí³ÿ-Íîâà» òà ×îðíîìîðñüêèé. Õåðñîíùèíà — öå çåìëÿ, äå ïóñòåëÿ ìåæóº ç ïåðñèêîâèìè ñàäàìè, ïåðâèííèé ñòåï óæèâàºòüñÿ ç ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèìè óã³ääÿìè. Àëå íàéá³ëüøå áàãàòñòâî Õåðñîíùèíè — ïðàöüîâèò³ òà òàëàíîâèò³ ëþäè, ÿê³ ñâîºþ íåâòîìíîþ ïðàöåþ ïðîñëàâèëè íà âñþ êðà¿íó ³ âåñü ñâ³ò íå ò³ëüêè ñâî¿ ³ìåíà, à é ñâ³é êðàé. Óñ³ì â³äîì³ ñëàâåòí³ õåðñîíö³: ïèñüìåííèêè — Áîðèñ Ëàâðåíüîâ, Ëåîí³ä Êóë³ø, Â³êòîð Êóçüìåíêî, Ìèêîëà Âàñèëåíêî, Ìèêîëà Áðàòàí; îë³ìï³éñüê³ ÷åìï³îíè — Ëàðèñà Ëàòèí³íà, Ìèêîëà Áåðåø, Þð³é Á³ëîíîã, Þð³é Í³ê³ò³í, Âàëåð³é Áîðçîâ; ãåðî¿ ïðàö³ — Äìèòðî Ìîòîðíèé, Ìèêîëà Ìîçãîâèé, Â³ðà Íàéäüîíîâà; ãðîìàäñüê³ ä³ÿ÷³ — Ñòàí³ñëàâ Í³êîëàºíêî, Ëàðèñà Ïîëüñüêà, Ëþäìèëà Êóìïàí — âñ³ âîíè ëþáèëè ³ ëþáëÿòü Õåðñîíùèíó íåçðàäëèâîþ, â³ðíîþ ëþáîâ’þ ³ âêëàäàþòü ñâî¿ ñèëè òà äîñâ³ä ó ðîçâèòîê ðåã³îíó. Ìè ò³ëüêè ïî÷èíàºìî çðîñòàòè, ³ â öüîìó íàøà ïåðåâàãà. Â³ä ñåáå îñîáèñòî çè÷ó âñ³ì íîâèõ çäîáóòê³â, íåçàïåðå÷íèõ óñï³õ³â òà âàãîìèõ ïåðåìîã ó ùîäåíí³é ïðàö³. Àäæå ñàìå öå çàáåçïå÷óº ³ êîæíîìó ç íàñ, ³ áóäü-ÿêîìó ðåã³îíó òà äåðæàâ³ çàãàëîì åêîíîì³÷íå òà äóõîâíå ï³äíåñåííÿ! Ç ïîâàãîþ, Ãîëîâà Õåðñîíñüêî¿ îáëàñíî¿ äåðæàâíî¿ àäì³í³ñòðàö³¿ Áîðèñ Ñ²ËÅÍÊÎÂ

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Áîðèñ Ñ²ËÅÍÊÎÂ:

Херсонщина працює і розвивається 2009 ð³ê äëÿ Õåðñîíñüêîãî ðåã³îíó íåçâè÷àéíèé. Æèòåë³ îáëàñò³ çóñòð³÷àòèìóòü 65-òó ð³÷íèöþ ñâîãî êðàþ. Çàãàëîì ð³ê îá³öÿº áóòè ö³êàâèì ³ çì³ñòîâíèì, íàñè÷åíèì ð³çíîìàí³òíèìè ïîä³ÿìè. ² íå ò³ëüêè îáëàñíîãî, à é ì³æíàðîäíîãî çíà÷åííÿ. Íà çàïèòàííÿ «²ì³äæ.ua» â³äïîâ³äàº î÷³ëüíèê Õåðñîíñüêî¿ îáëàñíî¿ äåðæàâíî¿ àäì³í³ñòðàö³¿ Áîðèñ Â³òàë³éîâè÷ Ñ²ËÅÍÊÎÂ. — Áîðèñå Â³òàë³éîâè÷ó, ùî Âàñ õâèëþº íèí³ íàéá³ëüøå? Ùî íà ÷àñ³ ó ãîëîâè îáëàñíî¿ äåðæàâíî¿ àäì³í³ñòðàö³¿? — Äîâ³ðà ëþäåé äî âëàäè. Òîìó òðåáà ãàðàíòóâàòè âèïëàòè ïåíñ³é òà çàáåçïå÷èòè ìîæëèâ³ñòü îòðèìàòè ðîáîòó ³ çàðîá³òíó ïëàòó. — Âè — äîñâ³ä÷åíèé ãîñïîäàðíèê, ÷³òêî çíàºòå é â³ä÷óâàºòå ïîòðåáè òà ìîæëèâîñò³ Õåðñîíùèíè. Êóäè ïåðåäóñ³ì, íà Âàø ïîãëÿä, ñë³ä ñïðÿìîâóâàòè ³íâåñòèö³¿ ³ äå âîíè ïðàöþþòü íàéåôåêòèâí³øå? — Ïèòàííÿ íå ëèøå â ³íâåñòèö³ÿõ — òóò ó íàñ äîáðà äèíàì³êà. Ïîòð³áí³ ³ííîâàö³¿, àáè íàøà îáëàñòü áóëà êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæíîþ. Íàñàìïåðåä ìàþ íà óâàç³ ñèñòåìó êðàïëèííîãî çðîøåííÿ ³ ïåðåðîáíó ãàëóçü â ÀÏÊ. — Ðîçêàæ³òü, áóäü ëàñêà, ïðî ³äåþ çàïî÷àòêîâàíèõ Âàìè àóêö³îí³â ç ïðîäàæó ïðàâà îðåíäè íà çåìåëüí³ ä³ëÿíêè. ßê³ ìîæëèâîñò³ âîíè ðîçêðèâàþòü äëÿ ðåã³îíó?

— Ïðî óñï³øí³ñòü ö³º¿ ³äå¿ ãîâîðèòü ïðèêëàä Ãåí³÷åñüêîãî ðàéîíó îáëàñò³, ÿêèé çàâäÿêè ïðîäàæó ïðàâà íà äîâãîñòðîêîâó îðåíäó çåìåëüíèõ ä³ëÿíîê ñïðîì³ãñÿ ìîá³ë³çóâàòè äî áþäæåòó 72 ìëí ãðí., ùî óòðè÷³ ïåðåâèùóº áþäæåò ðàéîíó. Çà ðàõóíîê öèõ êîøò³â ãðîìàäà ðàéîíó ðåàë³çóâàëà ïðîåêòè ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó, ÿê³ íå âäàâàëîñÿ âèð³øèòè ïîíàä 20 ðîê³â. Âèñíîâêè ðîá³òü ñàì³. — Íåùîäàâíî íà Êè¿âñüêîìó çàâîä³ ³ìåí³ Àðòåìà â³äáóëàñÿ ïðåçåíòàö³ÿ ãðîìàäñüêî¿ ³í³ö³àòèâè «Ñòàá³ëüí³ñòü äëÿ Êèºâà». ×è âèñòóïàþòü ç ïîä³áíèìè ³äåÿìè õåðñîíö³? — Í³. Íàòîì³ñòü ìè âèñòóïèëè ç ³í³ö³àòèâîþ «ªäèíà Õåðñîíùèíà», àáè çàëó÷èòè äî íå¿ âñ³õ òèõ, õòî ìàº àâòîðèòåò â îáëàñò³ çà ñâî¿ êîðèñí³ äëÿ ëþäåé ñïðàâè, íåçàëåæíî â³ä ïàðò³éíî¿ ïðèíàëåæíîñò³, à òàêîæ ùîáè ð³çí³ ãðîìàäè îáëàñò³ çìîãëè çàáåçïå÷èòè ïðåäñòàâíèöòâî ñâî¿õ ³íòåðåñ³â â ì³ñöåâèõ ðàäàõ.

Ãîëîâà Õåðñîíñüêî¿ îáëàñíî¿ äåðæàâíî¿ àäì³í³ñòðàö³¿ Áîðèñ Ñ²ËÅÍÊÎÂ The head of Kherson regional state administration Boris SILENKOV — Áîðèñå Â³òàë³éîâè÷ó, óñ³ì â³äîìà Âàøà íåáàéäóæ³ñòü ³ ëþáîâ äî Õåðñîíùèíè. Âè º ³í³ö³àòîðîì ð³çíîìàí³òíèõ ïðîåêò³â ùîäî ïîïóëÿðèçàö³¿ ³ çáåðåæåííÿ ¿¿ óí³êàëüíèõ ïðèðîäíèõ ïàì’ÿòîê. ßê îáëàñòü ó ïåðñïåêòèâ³ ïëàíóº âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè ñâî¿ óí³êàëüí³ ãåîãðàô³÷í³ ìîæëèâîñò³, ðîçáóäîâóâàòè âëàñíèé òóðèñòè÷íèé ïîòåíö³àë? — Îäí³ºþ ç ïåðøèõ ³í³ö³àòèâ ó öüîìó íàïðÿìêó ñòàâ ïðîåêò, ÿêèé îòðèìàâ íàçâó «Àðàáàò», — ðîçáóäîâà ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè òà ðåêðåàö³¿ â Ãåí³÷åñüêîìó ðàéîí³ íà Àðàáàòñüê³é Ñòð³ëö³, ïåðåòâîðåííÿ ¿¿ ç ñåçîííîãî ì³ñöÿ â³äïî÷èíêó íà ïîñò³éíèé êóðîðò. Ìè âïðèòóë íàáëèçèëèñü äî óñï³øíî¿ ðåàë³çàö³¿ ïðîåêòó. Íàäàë³ ìàºìî íàì³ð îòðèìàòè ñòàòóñ êóðîðòó äëÿ Ñêàäîâñüêà, ðîçøèðèòè ìåæ³ á³îñôåðíîãî çàïîâ³äíèêà

«Àñêàí³ÿ-Íîâà», ×îðíîìîðñüêîãî á³îñôåðíîãî çàïîâ³äíèêà, ñòâîðèòè íàö³îíàëüíèé ïàðê «Îëåøê³âñüê³ ï³ñêè», ³ â öüîìó ïðàãíåíí³ ðåã³îí îòðèìàâ ï³äòðèìêó Ïðåçèäåíòà Óêðà¿íè Â³êòîðà Þùåíêà, ïðî ùî ñâ³ä÷àòü éîãî íåäàâí³ óêàçè. À ãîëîâíå — çà 2008 ð³ê äî îáëàñò³ íà â³äïî÷èíîê, îçäîðîâëåííÿ òà ë³êóâàííÿ ïðè¿õàëî ïîíàä ì³ëüéîí òóðèñò³â. Öå ó 4 ðàçè á³ëüøå í³æ ó 2004 ðîö³. — Íà Âàøó äóìêó, ÷è âïëèíå åêîíîì³÷íà êðèçà íà ïðîìèñëîâó ³íôðàñòðóêòóðó êðàþ, à òàêîæ íà éîãî ³íâåñòèö³éíó ïðèâàáëèâ³ñòü? ßêùî òàê, òî â ÿêèõ ñåêòîðàõ öå áóäå íàéá³ëüø â³ä÷óòíî? — Íàéá³ëüø óðàçëèâà ãàëóçü ìàøèíîáóäóâàííÿ.

— Ó áåðåçí³ Õåðñîíùèíà â³äçíà÷àòèìå ñâ³é 65-ð³÷íèé þâ³ëåé. Ç ÿêèìè çäîáóòêàìè ³ íàñòðîÿìè ìåøêàíö³ ðåã³îíó çóñòð³÷àòèìóòü þâ³ëåéíó äàòó? — 2008 ðîêó ìè âïåðøå çìîãëè óâ³éòè â äåñÿòêó êðàùèõ ðåã³îí³â êðà¿íè çà ð³âíåì âèêîíàííÿ ìàêðîåêîíîì³÷íèõ ïîêàçíèê³â. ² öå çäîáóòîê óñ³º¿ ãðîìàäè. Õåðñîíùèíà ïðàöþº é ðîçâèâàºòüñÿ. Ìàºìî ÷³òêèé ïëàí ä³é äî 2015 ðîêó. Ìè äîñÿãëè ñòàá³ëüíîñò³. Öå ðåçóëüòàò óïðàâë³íñüêî¿ ñèñòåìè. Ãðîìàäà íàì â³ðèòü. Âñå áóäå ãàðàçä! — Äÿêóºìî.

ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ REGION OF TNE COUNTRY

An opening address of the Head of Kherson regional state administration Boris Silenkov Dear readers and friends! From the pages of this respected edition let me invite all those, who value the new, unexplored, and unusual to the Kherson region, the land in the south of Ukraine in the delta of the Dnipro. Kherson region is situated at the crossroads, which was passed by quite a few tribes, who later formed the nations of present Western Europe and South Asia. The region attracts the collectors of antiquities due to a rich historical past, and tourists to the recreation areas, reserves and resorts. Kherson citizens can surprise you. On the one hand nowhere else in the world is there a water-melon treatment, and on the other — Kherson has become the creation center of a most modern industrial park with the newest systems of engineering. Here a man first domesticated a horse, and here the greatest research ships were first built. The steppe pearl of Ukraine is generous not only with its harvest but it is also hospitable to tourists. Over a million tourists from different regions of our state and other world countries visit the recreation areas of Kherson annually. All are attracted by the warm Sea of Azov, curative springs of salt lakes, unique biosphere preserves — «Askanya Nova» and «the Black Sea» preserve. Kherson region is the land, where the desert borders on peachy gardens, and the primary steppe gets along with agricultural lands. Though, the greatest riches of Kherson are its hard-working and talented people, who glorified their names and their land not only in Ukraine but all over the world. Some glorious Kherson citizens are well known. They are: writers Boris Lavrenyov, Leonid Kulish, Victor Kuz’menko, Mykola Vasylenko, Mykola Bratan; Olympic champions Larissa Latynina, Mykola Beresh, Yuri Bilonog, Yuri Nikitin, Valerie Borzov; heroes of labour Dmitry Motornyi, Mykola Mozgoviy, Vira Naydenova; public men Stanislav Nikolayenko, Larissa Pol’ska, Ljudmila Kumpan. All of them loved and love Kherson with unchangeable, faithful devotion and contributed to the development of the region. We only begin to grow and that is our advantage. I wish everyone new achievements, irrefutable success and significant victories in daily labour. In fact, this provides exactly the economic and spiritual ardor to each of us, and to any region and state on the whole! Yours sincerely, Boris SILENKOV The Head of the Kherson regional state administration

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²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Boris SILENKOV:

The Kherson region is working and developing 2009 for Kherson region is unusual. The inhabitants of this region will meet the 65th year of their motherland. Generally this year is going to be interesting and full of different events which have not just a regional meaning but an international meaning. To the questions, (of Image.ua) the manager of Kherson regional state administration, Boris Silenkov is answering. Mr Boris, what is disturbing you the most? What is on your mind now? The people’s trust in the government. I want to guarantee for people that they will receive pensions and to give them the opportunity to have a job and to pay a salary. You are an experienced manager of the region and you really know and feel all the abilities and needs of the people. Where are investments needed most and where will they be most effective? The question is not only investments but that we have good dynamics and the innovations that we need for our region to be competitive, firstly this is a system of irrigation and the branch which processes the agricultural industrial complex. Tell us please about the idea of auctioning or selling the right for a long lease on land, what opportunities do they discover? About the success of this idea the best example is of Khernichensk

region which could mobilise to the budget of the region 72m UAH which is 3 times more than the usual budget of the region. From this income a social and economic project was implemented which is unprecdented in last twenty years. That was with the help of selling the right to take a long term land lease and make your own conclusion. Several days ago in the Kiev plant named by Artem there was a presentation of community initiation (stability for Kiev). Do the inhabitants of Kherson come forward with the same initiations? No we came forward with the initiative (One Kherson region) to introduce to this initiation all those who have authority in the region for their useful works despite their belonging to different political parties. To be able to represent their interests in local government. Mr Boris, everybody knows your love and fascination for Kherson region you are the instigator of various initiatives for popular raising and saving of its unusual natural beauty areas. In

which way can Kherson region use its geographical opportunities and is it going to build its own tourism industry? One of the first initiates into this way was a project called ‘Arabat’ it’s is building the infrastructure and recreation facilities in Khernichervsk region on the Arabat strylka and transforming this place from an aesthetic place for rest into a full time working health spa & sanatorium. We have come very close to the successful completion of this. In the future we want to take the status of Sanatorium for Skladovsk, and to broaden the borders of the nature reserve ‘Askanya Nova’ , Chernomorsk reserve and to create a national park (Oleshkievski) and in this aim the region joined the President of Ukraine, Victor Yushchenko, to help. During the year 2008, 1,000,000 tourists came to this region for rest, treatment and to improve their health. This is four times more than 2004. Does the economic crisis influence on the industrial infrastructure of the region and on its investment attractiveness? If yes, which sectors feel this the most? The most affected would be the branch of car manufacturing. In March Kherson region will meet their 65th anniversary. With what kind of mood and result will they meet this celebration? In 2008 we initially could come in the ten top regions of the country for our level of macro-economical indexes and it is the result of all our common efforts. Kherson region is working and developing. We have a good plan of our intentions till 2015. We have stability at this time it’s the result of the work of government. The community believes us and everything will be ok. Thank you. ²

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ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ REGION OF TNE COUNTRY

åðñîíùèíà º àãðàðíî-ïðîìèñëîâîþ îáëàñòþ, ÿêà ìàº âåëèêèé ïðèðîäíî-ðåñóðñíèé ïîòåíö³àë. Ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ ìåë³îðàòèâíèõ ñèñòåì Õåðñîíùèíè — îäíà ç ¿¿ íàéãîëîâí³øèõ ïåðåâàã. Ï³âí³÷íîêðèìñüêèé êàíàë — îñíîâíà âîäíà àðòåð³ÿ çîíè çðîøåííÿ. Çàãàëüíà ïëîùà çðîøåííÿ â³ä êàíàëó ñòàíîâèòü 269 òèñ. ãà, îáâîäíåííÿ — 660 òèñ. ãà. Ðîçðàõóíêîâ³ âèòðàòè âîäè â ãîëîâ³ êàíàëó ñêëàäàþòü 394 êóá. ìåòð³â çà ñåêóíäó, ïðîòÿæí³ñòü êàíàëó â³ä Êàõîâñüêîãî ñõîâèùà äî Êåð÷³ — 402 êì. Âïðîâàäæåííÿ ó âèðîáíèöòâî íîâ³òíüî¿ òåõí³êè ïîëèâó ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèõ êóëüòóð, çîêðåìà êðàïåëüíîãî çðîøåííÿ, çàáåçïå÷óº ñ³ëüãîñïòîâàðîâèðîáíèêàì âðîæà¿ îã³ðê³â — 50-60 òîíí, ïîì³äîð³â — 100-110 òîíí òà 80-100 òîíí öèáóë³ ç îäíîãî ãåêòàðà. Îñòàíí³ì ÷àñîì ó ðåã³îí³ çðîøóâàíîãî çåìëåðîáñòâà ôîðìóºòüñÿ çîíà ãàðàíòîâàíîãî âèðîáíèöòâà áàøòàííèõ êóëüòóð, ÿê³ îñîáëèâî ïðèâàáëþþòü ñïîæèâà÷³â ñâî¿ì ñìàêîì. Óðîæàéí³ñòü êàâóí³â — 40-60 ò/ãà, íà îêðåìèõ ïëîùàõ — äî 80 ò/ãà. Ïðè öüîìó âì³ñò öóêðó ñòàíîâèòü 9,1% ïðîòè 8,4% íà áîãàð³ (íåïîëèâíèõ çåìëÿõ).

Îáëàñòü çàö³êàâëåíà â ïîãëèáëåíí³ ñï³âïðàö³ ó ïèòàííÿõ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ òà ðîçâèòêó àãðîïðîìèñëîâîãî êîìïëåêñó, éîãî ³íòåãðóâàííÿ â ºâðîïåéñüêèé àãðîïðîìèñëîâèé ïðîñò³ð. Õåðñîíùèíà — òðàíçèòíà îáëàñòü, òåðèòîð³ºþ ÿêî¿ ïðîõîäÿòü äâà ì³æíàðîäí³ òðàíñïîðòí³ êîðèäîðè: ªâðîÀç³àòñüêèé (Õåðñîí — Êðàñíîïåðåêîïñüê — Ñ³ìôåðîïîëü, ïðîòÿæí³ñòþ 226 êì), ÿêèì çä³éñíþºòüñÿ òðàíñïîðòíèé ïîò³ê ç êðà¿í ªâðîïè ÷åðåç ÷îðíîìîðñüê³ ïîðòè äî Êðèìó, Ðîñ³¿, êðà¿í Çàêàâêàççÿ òà Ñõîäó; ×îðíîìîðñüêà åêîíîì³÷íà ñï³âäðóæí³ñòü (×ÅÑ) (Îäåñà — Ìåë³òî-

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Край степовий, сонячна та щедра земля

ïîëü — Íîâîàçîâñüê, 114 êì), ùî ôîðìóº òðàíñïîðòí³ ïîòîêè êðà¿í Áëèçüêîãî Ñõîäó òà Áàëêàíñüêîãî ï³âîñòðîâà â íàïðÿìêó Ìàð³óïîëÿ, Íîâîàçîâñüêà. Ïîòóæíà ðîçãàëóæåíà òðàíñïîðòíà ñèñòåìà îáëàñò³ ïðåäñòàâëåíà çàë³çíè÷íèì, ìîðñüêèì, ð³÷êîâèì, àâòîìîá³ëüíèì òà àâ³àö³éíèì òðàíñïîðòîì, îñíîâíèìè îá’ºêòàìè ÿêî¿ º: òðè äåðæàâí³ ìîðñüê³ òîðãîâåëüí³ ïîðòè ó ôîðì³ àêö³îíåðíèõ òîâàðèñòâ; îäíå äåðæàâíå ï³äïðèºìñòâî çàë³çíè÷íîãî òðàíñïîðòó; îäíå àâ³àï³äïðèºìñòâî; 276 ìàëèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ, ÿê³ çä³éñíþþòü ïàñàæèðñüê³ ³ âàíòàæí³ ïåðåâåçåííÿ àâòîìîá³ëüíèì òðàíñïîðòîì. Ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðàö³âíèê³â òðàíñïîðòíîãî êîìïëåêñó ñêëàäàº áëèçüêî 14,5 òèñ. îñ³á. Ïðîìèñëîâ³ñòü º îäí³ºþ ç íàéâïëèâîâ³øèõ ãàëóçåé åêîíîì³êè Õåðñîíùèíè, ùî ñòàíîâèòü ÷âåðòü çàãàëüíîîáëàñíèõ îáñÿã³â ðåàë³çàö³¿ ïðîäóêö³¿. Äî ïðîìèñëîâîãî êîìïëåêñó îáëàñò³ âõîäÿòü 192 âåëèêèõ òà ñåðåäí³õ ï³äïðèºìñòâà, íà ÿêèõ ïðàöþþòü áëèçüêî 50 òèñ. ïðàö³âíèê³â (25% ïî îáëàñò³).

Îáëàñòü âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ ïîòóæíîþ áàãàòîãàëóçåâîþ ïðîìèñëîâ³ñòþ: õàð÷îâîþ òà ïåðåðîáíîþ, ìàøèíîáóä³âíîþ, åëåêòðîåíåðãåòè÷íîþ, õ³ì³÷íîþ òà íàôòîõ³ì³÷íîþ, ïàëèâíîþ, ëåãêîþ òà ³íøèìè. Ïðîâ³äíå ì³ñöå â îáëàñò³ ïîñ³äàº ïåðåðîáíà ïðîìèñëîâ³ñòü, íàñàìïåðåä — âèðîáíèöòâî õàð÷îâèõ ïðîäóêò³â. Ï³äïðèºìñòâà ö³º¿ ãàëóç³ âèïóñêàþòü ð³çíîìàí³òíó åêîëîã³÷íî ÷èñòó ïðîäóêö³þ — êåò÷óïè, ìàéîíåç, ñîíÿøíèêîâó îë³þ, êîíñåðâàö³þ, âèíà ³ íàïî¿, íåïîâòîðí³ çà ñìàêîì ³ àðîìàòîì. Âîíè çäîáóëè äîáðó ñëàâó äàëåêî çà ìåæàìè Óêðà¿íè.

A steppe region, sunny and generous land

herson region is an agrarian and industrial area which has great natural and resource potential. The functioning of the meliorative systems of Kherson is one of the most important advantages. The North-Crimean channel is the basic waterway of the irrigation area. The general area of channel irrigation makes 269 thousand hectares, and waters 660 thousand hectares. The estimated use of water in the head of channel make 394 cube meters per second, the length of channel from the Kakhovsk depository to Kerch is 402 km. The introduction of the newest technique of agricultural watering cultures, in particular of drip irrigation, provides a harvest of 50-60 tons of cucumbers, 100-110

tons of tomatoes and 80-100 tons of onions from one hectare. Lately the area production of watermelon cultures which especially attracts consumers by taste qualities is formed in the area of irrigated agriculture. Crop capacity of water-melons is 40-60 t/hectare, on the separate areas — up to 80 t/hectare. And sugar contents is 9,1% against 8,4% on Boghara. The region is interested in deepening its collaboration in the modernization and development of the agro-industrial complex and its integration into the European agroindustrial space. Kherson region is a transit area. On its territory there are two international transport corridors. The Euro-Azian (Kherson — Krasnoperekopsk — Simferopol’, 226 km long) is used for transport stream from the countries of Europe through the Black Sea ports to the Crimea, Russia, Transcaucasia countries and the East. The Black Sea Economic Community (BSEC) (Odesa — Melitopol’ — Novoazovsk, 114 km long) forms transport streams of Near East countries and the Balkan Peninsula in the direction of Mariupol, and Novoazovsk. The powerful ramified transport system of the region is presented by railway, marine, river, motor and aviation transport. Its basic objects are: three state marine trade ports in the form of joint-stock companies; one state enterprise of railway transport; one aviation enterprise; 276 small enterprises which carry out transportation of passengers and loads by motor transport. The quantity of workers in the transport complex is about 14,5 thousand people. Industry is one of the most influential branches of Kherson region economy. It makes quarter of the products in the total regional volumes. The industrial complex includes 192 large and middle enterprises with about 50 thousand workers (25% in the region).

The region has a powerful diversified industry: food and processing, machinebuilding, electric power engineering, chemical and petrochemical, fuel, light, etc. The processing industry occupies a leading place and the most important is the production of food products. The enterprises of this industry are able to produce various environmentally safe products — ketchups, mayonnaise, sunflower-seed oil, canning, wines and drinks unique in taste and aroma. They are well known far outside Ukraine. Kherson region is one of the most beautiful Ukrainian regions which have unique ways of tourism development. Tourist routes go through the territories of exclusive biosphere preserves «The Black Sea preserve» and «Askanya Nova», the roads of the «Milky way» car rally, to places of international festivals the «Tavriyski games» and «The Black Sea games». The significant scientific and technical potential of the region is concentrated in 28 establishments and organizations with 15 establishments of a particular branch profile, 6 academic, 4 higher educational establishments, 3 organizations of factory science. Due to the balanced careeroriented policy 12 establishments of vocational training which specialize in «industry», are capable of providing the regional priority economic industries with skilled specialists within a short time. Kherson region has an outstanding scientific potential, world recognized scientific schools, a developed system of personnel training. 28 organizations (enterprises) carry out scientific and technical activity in the region. Among them there are 15 (53,6%) establishments of a particular branch type, 6 (21,4%) academic, 4 (14,3%) higher educational establishments and 3 (10,7%) establishments of factory science. There are the following institutes: the Institute of Agriculture of the Southern Region of UAASc, the Institute of South Vegetable-growing and Melon growing of UAASc, the Institute of Stock-raising of the Steppe Districts «Askanya Nova», the Institute of Rice of UAASc, the Steppe Branch of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry, the Research and Project Institute of Organization of System of Land Tenure. The universities include: the State, National Technical and State Agrarian University, branch of the Mikolayiv National University of Shipbuilding; open Joint-stock company «The Kakhovsk factory of eclectic welding equipment».

ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ REGION OF TNE COUNTRY

Õåðñîíùèíà — îäèí ³ç íàéãàðí³øèõ ðåã³îí³â Óêðà¿íè, ùî ìàº óí³êàëüí³ ìîæëèâîñò³ äëÿ ðîçâèòêó òóðèçìó. Òóðèñ òè÷í³ ìàðøðóòè ïðîõîäÿòü òåðèòîð³ºþ óí³êàëüíèõ á³îñôåðíèõ çàïîâ³äíèê³â «×îðíîìîðñüêèé» ³ «Àñêàí³ÿÍîâà», äîðîãàìè àâòîðàëë³ «×óìàöüêèé øëÿõ», äî ì³ñöü ì³æíàðîäíèõ ôåñòèâàë³â «Òàâð³éñüê³ ³ãðè» òà «×îðíîìîðñüê³ ³ãðè». Âàãîìèé íàóêîâî-òåõí³÷íèé ïîòåíö³àë îáëàñò³ çîñåðåäæåíèé ó 28 óñòàíîâàõ ³ îðãàí³çàö³ÿõ, ñåðåä ÿêèõ 15 óñòàíîâ ãàëóçåâîãî ïðîô³ëþ, 6 — àêàäåì³÷íîãî, 4 — âèùèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäè, 3 — îðãàí³çàö³¿ çàâîäñüêî¿ íàóêè. Çà óìîâ âèâàæåíî¿ êàäðîâî¿ ïîë³òèêè 12 ïðîôåñ³éíî-òåõí³÷íèõ çàêëàä³â, ÿê³ ïðàöþþòü çà ãàëóçåâèì íàïðÿìîì «ïðîìèñëîâ³ñòü», çäàòí³ â êîðîòêèé òåðì³í çàáåçïå÷èòè êâàë³ô³êîâàíèìè ñïåö³àë³ñòàìè ïð³îðèòåòí³ ãàëóç³ åêîíîì³êè îáëàñò³. Õåðñîíùèíà ìàº âàãîìèé íàóêîâèé ïîòåíö³àë, âèçíàí³ ó ñâ³ò³ íàóêîâ³ øêîëè, ðîçâèíåíó ñèñòåìó ï³äãîòîâêè êàäð³â. Íàóêîâî-òåõí³÷íîþ ä³ÿëüí³ñòþ â îáëàñò³ çàéìàþòüñÿ 28 îðãàí³çàö³é (ï³äïðèºìñòâ). Ñåðåä íèõ: 15 (53,6%) óñòàíîâ ãàëóçåâîãî ïðîô³ëþ, 6 (21,4%) — àêàäåì³÷íîãî, 4 (14,3%) âèùèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäè, 3 (10,7%) — çàâîäñüêî¿ íàóêè. Çîêðåìà, ³íñòèòóòè: çåìëåðîáñòâà ï³âäåííîãî ðåã³îíó ÓÀÀÍ, ï³âäåííîãî îâî÷³âíèöòâà ³ áàøòàííèöòâà ÓÀÀÍ, òâàðèííèöòâà ñòåïîâèõ ðàéîí³â «Àñêàí³ÿ-Íîâà», ðèñó ÓÀÀÍ, Ñòåïîâà ô³ë³ÿ Óêðà¿íñüêîãî íàóêîâî-äîñë³äíîãî ³íñòèòóòó ë³ñîâîãî ãîñïîäàðñòâà, íàóêîâî-äîñë³äíèé òà ïðîåêòíèé ³íñòèòóò çåìëåóñòðîþ; óí³âåðñèòåòè: äåðæàâíèé, íàö³îíàëüíèé òåõí³÷íèé òà äåðæàâíèé àãðàðíèé, ô³ë³ÿ Ìèêîëà¿âñüêîãî íàö³îíàëüíîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó êîðàáëåáóäóâàííÿ; ÂÀÒ «Êàõîâñüêèé çàâîä åëåêòðîçâàðþâàëüíîãî óñòàòêóâàííÿ». Îáëàñòü ìàº çíà÷íèé êóëüòóðíèé ïîòåíö³àë, ñïðÿìîâàíèé íà ðåàë³çàö³þ

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

âàæëèâèõ ñóñï³ëüíî-âèõîâíèõ ôóíêö³é. Â³í ïðåäñòàâëåíèé çàêëàäàìè êóëüòóðè òà ÷èñëåííèìè ïàì’ÿòêàìè ð³çíèõ ³ñòîðè÷íèõ åïîõ. Ó 2007 ðîö³ ìåðåæà çàêëàä³â êóëüòóðè íàë³÷óâàëà: 2 ïðîôåñ³éí³ òåàòðè, 6 ìóçå¿â, 455 çàêëàä³â êóëüòóðè êëóáíîãî òèïó (52 ó ì³ñüêèõ ïîñåëåííÿõ ³ 398 ó ñ³ëüñüê³é ì³ñöåâîñò³), 497 ìàñîâèõ òà óí³âåðñàëüíèõ á³áë³îòåê (â³äïîâ³äíî 127 ³ 370), 167 ê³íîóñòàíîâîê, 36 øê³ë åñòåòè÷íîãî âèõîâàííÿ.

îâèé åòàï ï³äéîìó åêîíîì³êè íåçàëåæíî¿ Óêðà¿íè ñïðè÷èíèâ ïîøòîâõ ðîçâèòêó ðåêðåàö³éíî-îçäîðîâ÷î¿ ãàëóç³. Çàê³í÷èâñÿ ïåð³îä õàîòè÷íîãî îñâîºííÿ òåðèòîð³é. Óêðà¿íñüêèì äåðæàâíèì íàóêîâîäîñë³äíèì ³íñòèòóòîì «Ä³ïðîì³ñòî» (ì. Êè¿â) ðîçðîáëåíà ñõåìà ïëàíóâàííÿ òåðèòîð³¿ êóðîðòíî-ðåêðåàö³éíî¿ çîíè óçáåðåææÿ Àçîâñüêîãî ìîðÿ — Àðàáàòñüêî¿ Ñòð³ëêè Õåðñîíñüêî¿ îáëàñò³. Ïðîòÿæí³ñòü ìîðñüêèõ ïëÿæ³â Àðàáàòñüêî¿ Ñòð³ëêè ïåðåâèùóº 200 êì, ðîäîâèùà ë³êóâàëüíèõ ãðÿçåé, ðîïè, óí³êàëüí³ ñîëÿí³ îçåðà, ë³êóâàëüíî-òåðìàëüí³ âîäè, äæåðåëà ì³íåðàëüíèõ âîä, áàëàíñîâ³ åêñïëóàòàö³éí³ çàïàñè ÿêèõ ñòàíîâëÿòü 388 ì3 íà äîáó. Àðàáàòñüêà Ñòð³ëêà — öå óí³êàëüíå ïðèðîäíå ÿâèùå Óêðà¿íè, äå ïîºäíàí³ íàäçâè÷àéíî ñïðèÿòëèâ³ óìîâè äëÿ îçäîðîâëåííÿ òà â³äïî÷èíêó ëþäèíè, çîêðåìà, êë³ìàòè÷í³, áàëüíåîëîã³÷í³, ïðèðîäí³ ðåñóðñè òà çðó÷íå ãåîãðàô³÷íå ðîçòàøóâàííÿ. Öüîìó äîïîìîãàþòü ñïðèÿòëèâ³ êë³ìàòè÷í³ óìîâè. Ñåðåä êë³ìàòè÷íèõ ïåðåâàã — ïðèìîðñüêèé, ïîì³ðíî-êîíòèíåíòàëüíèé, ñòåïîâèé êë³ìàò ç äóæå òåïëèì ë³òîì ³ ì’ÿêîþ çèìîþ. Êë³ìàòè÷íèé ðåæèì º îäíèì ³ç ë³êóâàëüíèõ ôàêòîð³â. Òðèâàë³ñòü êóïàëüíîãî ñåçîíó ñòàíîâèòü 120-130 äí³â. Ïðîãð³âàííÿ âîäè ó ìîð³ äî 28° Ñ äîçâîëÿº òðèâàëèé ÷àñ ïðèéìàòè ìîðñüê³ âàííè. Íàéêðàùèé ïåð³îä òà óìîâè äëÿ êë³ìàòó òåðèòîð³¿ — ç òðàâíÿ äî ñåðåäèíè æîâòíÿ.

Çàðàç íà Àðàáàòñüê³é Ñòð³ëö³ âèêîíóþòüñÿ ðîáîòè ç áóä³âíèöòâà ì³æíàðîäíî¿ êë³í³êè â³äíîâíîãî ë³êóâàííÿ, ÿêà ðîçì³ñòèëàñÿ íà 360 ãà. Öå ïåðøèé åòàï Ïðîãðàìè ðîçâèòêó êóðîðòíî-ðåêðåàö³éíîãî êîìïëåêñó òà òóðèçìó â Ãåí³÷åñüêîìó ðàéîí³. ²ñíóº âîäîë³êàðíÿ «Ãàðÿ÷å äæåðåëî» íà 600 â³äâ³äóâàíü ó çì³íó, à òàêîæ áóäóºòüñÿ áàëüíåîëîã³÷íà ë³êàðíÿ. Íàÿâí³ñòü 74 îá’ºêò³â ³ òåðèòîð³é ïðèðîäíî-çàïîâ³äíîãî ôîíäó, äâîõ ç òðüîõ óêðà¿íñüêèõ á³îñôåðíèõ çàïîâ³äíèê³â — ×îðíîìîðñüêîãî òà «Àñêàí³¿-Íîâî¿», ÿê³ âõîäÿòü äî âñåñâ³òíüî¿ ìåðåæ³ ïðèðîäíèõ ðåçåðâàò³â, 5 çàêàçíèê³â äåðæàâíîãî çíà÷åííÿ òà ïîíàä 5 òèñ. ³ñòîðèêî-êóëüòóðíèõ îá’ºêò³â ñâ³ä÷èòü ïðî ïîòóæíèé ïîòåíö³àë äëÿ ðîçâèòêó òóðèçìó. Á³îñôåðíèé çàïîâ³äíèê ³ì. Ôàëüö-Ôåéíà «Àñêàí³ÿ-Íîâà» çäîáóâ ñëàâó ïåðëèíè ñòåïîâîãî êðàþ. Ïåðâîçäàííèé ñòåï çàéìàº ïëîùó 11 òèñ. 54 ãåêòàðè. Åêçîòè÷í³ ôëîðà ³ ôàóíà çàïîâ³äíèêà ïðåäñòàâëåí³ 3800 âèäàìè, á³ëüø³ñòü ÿêèõ çàâåçåíî ç Ï³âäåííî¿ Àìåðèêè, Àôðèêè, Àç³¿. Ó á³îñôåðíîìó çàïîâ³äíèêó — ïîíàä 117 ð³äê³ñíèõ, çíèêàþ÷èõ âèä³â ðîñëèí ³ òâàðèí. Õåðñîíùèíà — áëàãîäàòíà ³ ùåäðà çåìëÿ, çà ñâî¿ìè ïðèðîäíèìè òà êë³ìàòè÷íèìè óìîâàìè íàëåæèòü äî êðàùèõ òåðèòîð³é ñâ³òó, çà ê³ëüê³ñòþ ñîíÿ÷íèõ äí³â íàø êðàé íå ïîñòóïàºòüñÿ Êðèìó. Ïîâ³òðÿ â öèõ ì³ñöÿõ íàñè÷åíå àðîìàòàìè ñòåïîâèõ òðàâ, êâ³òó÷èõ ñàä³â, õâî¿, ñîëîíèìè ìîðñüêèìè áðèçàìè, íàïîâíåíèìè ³îíàìè áðîìó òà éîäó. Òîìó Õåðñîíùèíà âæå óïðîäîâæ áàãàòüîõ äåñÿòèë³òü º âèçíàíîþ îçäîðîâíèöåþ äëÿ ä³òåé òà äîðîñëèõ. Ç ëþòîãî 2005 ðîêó îáëàñòþ êåðóº Áîðèñ Ñ³ëåíêîâ. Çà öåé ïåð³îä ñóòòºâî ïîë³ïøèëàñÿ ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íà ñèòóàö³ÿ â ðåã³îí³, ñòð³ìê³ ñèñòåìí³ åêîíîì³÷í³ ìåòîäè íîâî¿ êîìàíäè äîçâîëèëè äîñÿãòè çíà÷íèõ ïîçèòèâíèõ çðóøåíü ó ðåàëüíîìó ñåêòîð³ åêîíîì³êè òà ñîö³àëüí³é ñôåð³.

he region possesses considerable cultural potential, directed on completion of important socially educational functions. It is represented by establishments of culture and numerous sights of different historical epochs. In 2007 the network of cultural establishments numbered: 2 professional theaters, 6 museums, 455 establishments of club type culture (52 in city settlements and 398 in rural locality), 497 public and universal libraries (accordingly 127 and 370), 167 projecting machines, 36 schools of aesthetic education. The new stage of the independent Ukraine economic growth entailed the development of the recreational-health industry. The period of chaotic mastering of territories has finished. The Ukrainian State Research Institute «Dnipromisto» (Kyiv) has developed a chart of the resort-recreational area territory planning

of the Azov Sea coast of Arabatsk Spit in Kherson region. The length of the marine beaches of Arabatsk Spit exceeds 200 km. There are deposits of medical mud, saline, unique salt lakes, medicinal-thermal waters, deposits of mineral waters, the balance operating supplies of which make 388 ì3 per day. Arabatsk Spit is a unique natural phenomenon of Ukraine, where extraordinarily favorable conditions for health and rest, in particular climatic, biological, natural resources and comfortable geographical location of territory are combined. The steppe climate is seashore, moderately continental, with very warm summer and mild winter. The climatic mode is one of the medical factors. The duration of the bathing season is 120-130 days. The sea water warms up to 28°Ñ, which allows taking marine baths for a long time. The best period and conditions for the climate of the territory is from May to the middle of October. Presently an international clinic of recreational treatment which occupies 360

hectares is being built on Arabatsk Spit. It is the first stage of a resort-recreational complex development and tourism program in Genichesk district. There is a hydropathic establishment «the Thermal spring» for 600 visits per shift. A balneal hospital is also being built. There are 74 objects and territories of the protected nature fund, two of three existing in Ukraine biosphere preserves: «The Black Sea» preserve and «Askanya Nova», which are included into the world network of natural reserves, 5 wildlife preserves of state importance and over 5 thousand of historical-cultural sites which are a powerful potential for tourism development. A biosphere preserve named after Falts-Feyn «Askanya Nova» is known as the steppe pearl. Primordial steppe occupies an area of 11 thousand 54 hectares. The exotic flora and fauna of the preserve are represented by 3800 kinds, the majority of which are brought from South America, Africa, and Asia. In the biosphere preserve there are over 117 rare or endangered species. Kherson region is a beneficial and generous land, which by natural and climate conditions belongs to the best territories of the world. In the amount of sunny days our region does not yield to Crimea. The air in these places is saturated with the aromas of steppe herbs, flowering gardens, pine-needle, salt seabreezes, filled with ions of bromine and iodine. Therefore Kherson has been an acknowledged health-resort for children and adults for many decades. Since February 2005 Boris Silenkov has governed the region. During this period the socio-economic situation has substantially improved in the region, the swift system economic methods of the new team allowed us to attain considerable positive changes in the real sector of economy and social sphere.

ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ REGION OF TNE COUNTRY

Інвестуйте в Херсонщину Õåðñîíùèíà º ïðèâàáëèâèì ðåã³îíîì äëÿ çàëó÷åííÿ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é. Öüîìó ñïðèÿº ¿¿ ì³ñòêèé âíóòð³øí³é ðèíîê ñïîæèâàííÿ, ÷èìàëèé ïðîìèñëîâèé òà àãðàðíèé ïîòåíö³àë, âèñîêîêâàë³ô³êîâàí³ òà âîäíî÷àñ äåøåâ³ òðóäîâ³ ðåñóðñè, çíà÷íà íàóêîâî-òåõí³÷íà áàçà, âåëèê³ çàïàñè ïðèðîäíèõ ðåñóðñ³â.

áëàñòü ìàº âèã³äíå ãåîãðàô³÷íå ðîçòàøóâàííÿ, óí³êàëüí³ ïðèðîäíî-êë³ìàòè÷í³ óìîâè, áàãàòó ³ñòîð³þ, ñîë³äíèé åêîíîì³÷íèé ïîòåíö³àë. Òóò áóäóþòü îêåàíñüê³ ñóäíà, âèðîùóþòü äîá³ðíó ïøåíèöþ, çàéìàþòüñÿ âèíîðîáñòâîì. ×åðåç Õåðñîíñüêèé ðåã³îí ïðîõîäÿòü 2 ì³æíàðîäíèõ òðàíñïîðòíèõ êîðèäîðè: ×îðíîìîðñüêà åêîíîì³÷íà ñï³âäðóæí³ñòü òà ªâðîàç³àòñüêèé òðàíñïîðòíèé ïîò³ê. ²ç ªâðîïè ÷åðåç ÷îðíîìîðñüê³ ïîðòè äî Êðèìó, Ðîñ³¿, íà Çàêàâêàççÿ ³ Ñõ³ä — ö³ êîðèäîðè â³äêðèâàþòü ëåãêèé äîñòóï äî ðèíê³â áàãàòüîõ êðà¿í. Àåðîïîðò, òðè ìîðñüêèõ òîðãîâåëüíèõ ïîðòè, äâà ð³÷êîâèõ ïîðòè, òèñÿ÷³ ê³ëîìåòð³â çàë³çíèö³ òà àâòîäîð³ã ïîâ’ÿçóþòü Õåðñîíñüêó îáëàñòü ç ð³çíèìè ðåã³îíàìè Óêðà¿íè, êðà¿íàìè ÑÍÄ, Ñõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè, Çàêàâêàççÿ ³ Áëèçüêîãî Ñõîäó. Õåðñîíùèíà — îäèí ç íàéãàðí³øèõ ðåã³îí³â Óêðà¿íè, ùî ìàº óí³êàëüí³ ìîæëèâîñò³

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

ÊÀÐÒÀ ÕÅÐÑÎÍÑÜÊÎ¯ ÎÁËÀÑÒ² Ç ÀÄÌ²Í²ÑÒÐÀÒÈÂÍÈÌ ÖÅÍÒÐÎÌ Ó Ì. ÕÅÐÑÎÍ²

MAP OF KHERSON REGION WITH ITS ADMINISTRATIVE CENTRE IN THE CITY OF KHERSON.

Ïëîùà — 28,5 òèñ. êì2, ùî ñòàíîâèòü 4,7% òåðèòîð³¿ Óêðà¿íè. Ïåðåâàæíî íàñåëåííÿ çîñåðåäæåíî â ì³ñòàõ îáëàñíîãî (Õåðñîí, Êàõîâêà, Íîâà Êàõîâêà) ³ ðàéîííîãî ï³äïîðÿäêóâàííÿ, à êð³ì òîãî ó ñåëèùàõ ì³ñüêîãî òèïó ³ ñåëàõ. Â³äñòàíü äî ñòîëèö³ Óêðà¿íè, ì. Êèºâà, — 584 êì, äî ì. Îäåñè — 205 êì, äî ì. Äí³ïðîïåòðîâñüêà — 320 êì. Íàñåëåííÿ îáëàñò³ ñòàíîâèòü áëèçüêî 1,111 ìëí îñ³á, ù³ëüí³ñòü íà 1 êì2 — 39 îñ³á.

It is an area of 28,500 km² which is 4.7% of the territory of Ukraine. Mainly the population is situated in the cities of the region (Kherson, Khahofvka, Nova Khahofvka) and the towns and villages. The distance to the capital of Ukraine, Kiev, is 584km, to Odessa is 205km and to Dnipropetrovsk is 320km. The population of the region is nearly 1.1m, density of population is 39 to each square kilometer.

äëÿ ðîçâèòêó òóðèçìó. Ùîðîêó ðåêðåàö³éí³ çîíè Õåðñîíñüêî¿ îáëàñò³ â³äâ³äóº ïîíàä ì³ëüéîí òóðèñò³â ç ð³çíèõ ðåã³îí³â íàøî¿ äåðæàâè òà ³íøèõ êðà¿í ñâ³òó. Óñ³õ âàáèòü òåïëå Àçîâñüêå ìîðå, ö³ëþù³ äæåðåëà ñîëÿíèõ îçåð, óí³êàëüí³ á³îñôåðí³ çàïîâ³äíèêè — «Àñêàí³ÿ-Íîâà» òà ×îðíîìîðñüêèé. (Äåòàëüí³øà ³íôîðìàö³ÿ ïðî Õåðñîíñüêó îáëàñòü — íà ñàéò³ www.oda.herson.ua).

Âñå öå ñòâîðþº íåîáõ³äí³ óìîâè äëÿ åôåêòèâíîãî ³íâåñòóâàííÿ òà âåäåííÿ á³çíåñó íà Õåðñîíùèí³, äå âæå óñï³øíî ïðàöþþòü ï³äïðèºìñòâà ç ³íîçåìíèìè ³íâåñòèö³ÿìè é â³äîìèìè ó ñâ³ò³ áðåíäàìè: «×óìàê» — ïðîâ³äíèé âèðîáíèê êåò÷óï³â, ìàéîíåç³â, ñîóñ³â, òîìàòíî¿ ïàñòè, ñîíÿøíèêîâî¿ îë³¿, à òàêîæ êîíñåðâîâàíèõ îâî÷³â ³ ôðóêò³â;

«Äàíîí-Äí³ïðî» — âèðîáëÿº ïðîäóêö³þ ç íåçáèðàíîãî ìîëîêà, ÿêó íåîäíîðàçîâî â³äçíà÷åíî ÿê êðàùó íà êîíêóðñàõ ÿêîñò³ Íàö³îíàëüíî¿ àñîö³àö³¿ ìîëî÷íèê³â Óêðà¿íè. Íà ï³äïðèºìñòâ³ âèðîáëÿþòü ïðîäóêö³þ òîðãîâåëüíèõ ìàðîê «Àêòèâ³à», «Äàí³ññ³ìî» òà éîãóðò³â «Äàíîí». «Ìåõàí³÷íèé çàâîä» — âèïóñêàº àëþì³í³ºâ³ ñïëàâè âèñîêî¿ ïðîáè. Âèðîáè ñåðòèô³êîâàíî çà ì³æíàðîäíîþ ñèñòåìîþ ÿêîñò³ ISO-9000. Éîãî ïðîäóêö³þ ïîñòà÷àþòü â³äîìèì íà âåñü ñâ³ò êîðïîðàö³ÿì «Õîíäà», «Í³ññàí», «Òîéîòà» òà ³í.; «Õåðñîíñüêèé êîìá³íàò õë³áîïðîäóêò³â» — îäíå ç íàéá³ëüøèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ ï³âäíÿ Óêðà¿íè ç ïåðåðîáêè çåðíà ³ ïåðåâàëêè ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêî¿ ïðîäóêö³¿, çîêðåìà é íà åêñïîðò; «Ôð³äîì Ôàðì ²íòåðíåøíë» òà «Ôëåì³íã-Âåíäåëüí, Óêðà¿íà» — ñòâîðåíî íà îñíîâ³ ñòîâ³äñîòêîâèõ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é ó ñôåðó àãðîïðîìèñëîâîãî êîìïëåêñó Õåðñîíñüêî¿ îáëàñò³; «Äóíàïàê Óêðà¿íà Ï³âäåíü» — ï³äïðèºìñòâî, ÿêå ö³ëêîì íàëåæèòü ³íîçåìíèì ³íâåñòîðàì, âèðîáëÿº áàãàòîøàðîâ³ ïàïåðîâ³ ì³øêè, ãîôðîâàí³ êàðòîíí³ ïàêóâàëüí³ ìàòåð³àëè òà ÿùèêè. Òèì ÷àñîì ³íâåñòèö³éíèé ïîòåíö³àë îáëàñò³ çàëèøàºòüñÿ çíà÷íèì òà ïðèâàáëèâèì. Äî Âàøî¿ óâàãè — ³íâåñòèö³éí³ ïðîïîçèö³¿ çà íàïðÿìêàìè: ïåðåðîáíà ãàëóçü, òðàíñïîðòíà ³íôðàñòðóêòóðà, ðåêðåàö³ÿ, ëîã³ñòèêà, ìîðñüêå ñïîëó÷åííÿ (ðîçøèðåííÿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè ïîðò³â). Îäíèì ç ïð³îðèòåòíèõ íàïðÿìê³â ðåã³îíó º ðîçâèòîê ðåêðåàö³éíî-êóðîðòíî¿ çîíè, íàñàìïåðåä Àðàáàòñüêî¿ Ñòð³ëêè, ùî ó Ãåí³÷åñüêîìó ðàéîí³. Â ìåæàõ Ôîðóìó çàïëàíîâàíî ïðîâåäåííÿ çåìåëüíîãî àóêö³îíó. Ïðîïîíóþòüñÿ íà ïðîäàæ àáî â îðåíäó çåìåëüí³ ä³ëÿíêè ðåêðåàö³éíèõ çîí Ãåí³÷åñüêîãî òà Ñêàäîâñüêîãî ðàéîí³â, à òàêîæ ì. Õåðñîíà — äëÿ æèòëîâî¿ çàáóäîâè. ²íôîðìàö³ÿ ïðî çåìåëüí³ ä³ëÿíêè òà óìîâè ïðîâåäåííÿ àóêö³îíó ïîñò³éíî îíîâëþºòüñÿ íà ñàéò³ á³ðæ³ www. agrobirja.com.ua. Õåðñîíùèíà íàëåæèòü äî òèõ ðåã³îí³â, ÿê³ àêòèâíî ïðàöþþòü íàä âëàñíîþ ïðèâàáëèâ³ñòþ, äåìîíñòðóþòü â³äêðèò³ñòü ³ ãîòîâí³ñòü äî ä³àëîãó. Êîæåí, õòî óâàæíî âèâ÷èòü ìîæëèâîñò³ íàøîãî êðàþ, íåîäì³ííî âèð³øèòü ðîçâèâàòè ñâ³é á³çíåñ ñàìå ó Õåðñîíñüê³é îáëàñò³. Óñï³øíîãî á³çíåñó! Ï³äãîòîâëåíî ³íôîðìàö³éíî-àíàë³òè÷íèì óïðàâë³ííÿì Õåðñîíñüêî¿ îáëàñíî¿ äåðæàâíî¿ àäì³í³ñòðàö³¿

Invest in Kherson region Kherson is an attractive region for foreign investors as its large consumer base, industrial and agricultural potential, highly qualified but cheap labour force, a solid scientific and technical base and abundant natural resources. The region has convenient geographical location, unique climate, a rich history and substantial economic potential. Ocean going ships are built here, selected wheat is grown here and wine is produced here. Two international transport corridors pass through the region; the Black Sea economical cooperative and the Eurasian transport route. From Europe through these Black Sea ports to the Crimea, Russia and to beyond the Kafkas mountains these corridors open an easy access to the markets of many countries. The airport, three sea trade ports , two river ports, a thousand kilometers of railways and motorways connect Kherson region with the other regions of Ukraine, the countries of the CIS, Eastern Europe and the Near East. Kherson region is one of the most beautiful regions in Ukraine which has unique opportunities for the development of tourism. Every year recreational areas are visited by more than 1 million tourists both local and international. Everybody is attracted to the warm Azov Sea and the sources of the salt lakes, unique nature reserves; ‘Askania Nova’ Chernomorsky (more details about Kherson region are on the site www.oda.herson.ua). All of this creates the necessary conditions for effective investment and running of businesses in Kherson region where some enterprises already work successfully with foreign investments and well-known brands: Chumak’ producer of sauces, mayonnaise and ketchups, tomato paste, cooking oils and also canned vegetables and fruits; ‘Dnone Dnipro’ — producers of whole milk products which won many awards for quality of the National Association of milk producers of Ukraine. Their products include Activia, Danisimo and the yoghurt Danone

Mechanised factory — producer of aluminum alloys of high quality. The products are certified by the international standard of quality ISO-9000. Its products are supplied to Honda, Nissan, Toyota and others. Kherson Bakery — is one of the biggest enterprises of southern Ukraine for the processing and exporting of cereals and other agricultural products. Freedom Farm International — ‘Fleming Vendeln Ukraine’ was created on the base of 100% foreign investments in the sphere of agro-industrial complex of Kherson region. Dunapark Ukraine South — is an Enterprise which belongs completely to foreign investors, it produces many layers of paper bags, corrugated cardboard packaging materials and boxes. So the investment potential of the region remains both substantial and attractive. There are some investment proposals for spheres of recycling, transport infrastructure, recreation, logistics; Marine terminals (developing the infrastructure of ports) One of the main directions of the region is the development of recreational resort zones such as Arabatska Stilka, which is in Genichersk district. A land auction will be held during the forum. Some land areas are offered for sale or rent in Genichersk and Skadovsk districts and also in Kherson, for building apartment blocks. The information about land areas and the conditions of the auction is constantly being updated on the site of the exchange www. agrobirja.com.ua. Kherson is one of the regions that are actively engaged in demonstrating both their attractiveness and their willingness to open a dialogue with potential investors. Everybody who learns of the opportunities of our region will want to develop his business in Kherson. We wish you success in your business! Prepared by the informational and analytical management of Kherson regional state administration

ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ REGION OF TNE COUNTRY

Âàæêî ïîâ³ðèòè, àëå ñàìå íåîçîð³ ð³âíèíè Ï³âí³÷íîãî Ïðè÷îðíîìîð’ÿ áóëè ãîëîâíèì ïîë³ãîíîì äëÿ áàãàòüîõ íàðîä³â, ùî çàñåëÿþòü íèí³ çíà÷í³ òåðèòîð³¿ ªâðîïè é Àç³¿. Âîíè òóò óòâåðäæóâàëèñü ³ çàëèøèëè äëÿ íàùàäê³â ÷èñëåíí³ ñâ³ä÷åííÿ ñâîãî ñòàíîâëåííÿ, æèòòºâîãî óñòðîþ é ó÷àñò³ ó æîðñòîêèõ áèòâàõ, ùî òî÷èëèñÿ ìàéæå áåçïåðåðâíî çà ïåðåðîçïîä³ë çåìåëü ³ ñôåð âïëèâó.

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

ÄÐÅÂÍ² ÇÍÀÌÅÍÀ ÂÅËÈÊÎÃÎ ÑÒÅÏÓ Ñàìå òóò îñòàíí³ì ÷àñîì äîñë³äíèêè ëîêàë³çóþòü àð³¿â — ëåãåíäàðíèõ ïðåäê³â ³íäîºâðîïåéñüêèõ íàðîä³â. Ââàæàºòüñÿ, ùî ñòîëèöåþ ¿õíüîþ áóëî Ìèõàéë³âñüêå ãîðîäèùå. Ç ö³ºþ æ òåðèòîð³ºþ ïîâ’ÿçóþòü ³ ïðèðó÷åííÿ ó ²V òèñ. äî í.å. äèêîãî êîíÿ. Çâ³äñè àð³¿ âèðóøèëè ó ñâ³é ñëàâíîçâ³ñíèé ïîõ³ä íà ²íä³þ. Ç òîãî ÷àñó Òàâð³éñüê³ ñòåïè ñòàþòü àðåíîþ êðèâàâèõ áèòâ. Ñàìå ñòåïîâèêè ÷àñòî-ãóñòî çì³íþâàëè òîãî÷àñíó ïîë³òè÷íó êàðòó ñâ³òó. Íàéäàâí³øèì íàðîäîì Ï³âí³÷íîãî Ïðè÷îðíîìîð’ÿ, ³ì’ÿ ÿêîãî ä³éøëî äî íàñ, áóëè ê³ìåð³éö³. Âïðàâí³ âåðøíèêè òà íåçð³âíÿíí³ ëó÷íèêè, âîíè çìóñèëè òðåìò³òè ïåðåä ñîáîþ ìîãóòí³ äåðæàâè Àç³¿. Â³ä÷àéäóøí³ ñòåïîâ³ âî¿íè ïðèâåðíóëè äî ñåáå óâàãó àíòè÷íèõ ïîåò³â. Çãàäóº ïðî íèõ ³ ñëàâíîçâ³ñíèé Ãîìåð ó ñâî¿é áåçñìåðòí³é «Îä³ñå¿». Òà âñå ìèíàº, âñå çì³íþºòüñÿ. ² âæå ó VII ñò. äî í.å. ï³ñëÿ 200-ë³òíüîãî ïàíóâàííÿ ó ñòåïó ê³ìåð³éö³ áóëè çìóøåí³ â³äñòóïèòè ïåðåä ìîãóòí³ñòþ òàêîæ àð³éñüêîãî íàðîäó — ñêîëîò³â, ÿê³ â àíòè÷íèõ äæåðåëàõ çãàäóþòüñÿ ï³ä ³ì’ÿì ñê³ô³â. Ö³ ïëåìåíà ïåðøèìè óâ³éøëè ó êîíòàêò ç äàâí³ìè ãðåêàìè, ÷è åëë³íàìè, ùî ç òîãî ÷àñó ïî÷èíàþòü çàñíîâóâàòè ó Ï³âí³÷íîìó Ïðè÷îðíîìîð’¿ ñâî¿ êîëîí³¿... Ïðî ìóæí³ñòü ñêîëîò³â (ñê³ô³â) õîäèëè ëåãåíäè. Äàâíüîãðåöüêèé ³ñòîðèê Ãåðîäîò îïîâ³äàº, ùî íà âèìîãó íàéá³ëüøîãî ñâ³òîâîãî àãðåñîðà òîãî ÷àñó, ³ðàíñüêîãî (ïåðñüêîãî) öàðÿ Äàð³àâàóøà (Äàð³ÿ), ïðî ïîêîðó ãîðä³ ñèíè ñòåïó â³äïîâ³ëè: «ßêùî âè, ïåðñè, íå çëåòèòå ó íåáî, ÿê ïòàõè, íå çàðèºòåñÿ ó çåìëþ, ÿê ìèø³, ÷è íå ñõîâàºòåñÿ ó âîäó, ÿê æàáè, òî áåðåæ³òüñÿ, áî âàñ íå ìèíóòü ñòð³ëè ñê³ô³â». Àëå âæå ó ²²²–²² ñò. äî í.å. íåïåðåìîæíèõ ñê³ô³â ïîäîëàëè ¿õí³ ðîäè÷³ ñàðìàòè, ïàíóâàííÿì ÿêèõ çàê³í÷óºòüñÿ ³ñòîð³ÿ ³ðàíîìîâíèõ êî÷³âíèê³â ó Âåëèêîìó ñòåïó. Ëèøå âåëè÷í³ êóðãàíè íàãàäóþòü íèí³ ïðî ò³ ëåãåíäàðí³ ÷àñè. Ó III ñò. í. å. ó ñê³ôñüêèé ñòåï ïðèõîäÿòü íîâ³ çàâîéîâíèêè — ãåðìàíñüê³ ïëåìåíà ãîò³â, ÿê³ íàäàëè ö³é çåìë³ íîâå ³ì’ÿ — Îé óì. Âî÷åâèäü ïðèáóëüöÿì ó Ñòåïó ñïîäîáàëîñÿ, àäæå âîíè çàñíóâàëè òóò äåðæàâó, ÿêà çãîäîì ñòàëà ïðîîáðàçîì áàãàòüîõ äåðæàâ Çàõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè. Ñàìå ãîòè äàëè íàéá³ëüø³é ð³÷ö³ Óêðà¿íè ¿¿ ñó÷àñíó íàçâó Äàíïàð (÷è Äàíàïð) — Äí³ïðî, â³ä ÿêî¿ ïîõîäèòü ³ì’ÿ ¿õíüî¿ ñòîëèö³ — Äàíïàðøòàäò, êîòðà, ÿê ââàæàþòü äîñë³äíèêè, ðîçòàøîâóâàëàñÿ íà ì³ñö³ ñó÷àñíîãî Áîðèñëàâà.

Ãîòñüêå êîðîë³âñòâî, êîòðå äîñÿãëî íàéá³ëüøîãî ðîçêâ³òó çà ÷àñ³â ïðàâë³ííÿ Ãåðìàíàðèõà, ñòàëî ïåðøîþ õðèñòèÿíñüêîþ äåðæàâîþ íà òåðåíàõ ñó÷àñíî¿ Óêðà¿íè. Òà ê³íåöü ïàíóâàííÿ ãîò³â ó Ï³âí³÷íîìó Ïðè÷îðíîìîð’¿ âæå íàáëèæàâñÿ. 375 ð. ñþäè ïðèéøëè ãóíè — ïåðøèé òþðêñüêèé íàðîä, ùî ç’ÿâèâñÿ â ªâðîï³. ×àñòèíà ãîò³â ï³äêîðèëàñÿ çàâîéîâíèêàì, à ÷àñòèíà ðóøèëà íà Çàõ³ä, ïîêëàâøè ïî÷àòîê Âåëèêîìó ïåðåñåëåííþ íàðîä³â, à çàðàçîì ³ íîâ³é äîá³ â ³ñòîð³¿ ëþäñòâà — Ñåðåäíüîâ³÷÷þ. Ç òîãî ÷àñó Ïðè÷îðíîìîðñüê³ ñòåïè îïàíîâóþòü êî÷îâ³ íàðîäè òþðêñüêîãî ïîõîäæåííÿ: ãóíè, óòèãóðè, êóòóðãóðè, âåðõëí³òè (àâàðè), áîëãàðè, õîçàðè. Âîæäü ãóí³â Àòòèëà, àâàðñüêèé êàãàí Áàÿí, áîëãàðñüêèé õàí Àñïàðóõ — óñ³ âîíè ³øëè öèìè çåìëÿìè, àáè êèíóòè âèêëèê àãîí³çóþ÷îìó Ðèìó òà ìîãóòí³é Â³çàíò³¿.

ÏÎËÎÂÅÖÜÊÅ ËÓÊÎÌÎÐ’ß Ó ñåðåäèí³ IX ñò. ñòåïè ì³æ Äí³ïðîì òà Äí³ñòðîì îïàíóâàëè êî÷³âíèêè — ìàäÿðè, ùî óòâîðèëè òóò äåðæàâó Ëåâåä³ÿ. Ö³ çåìë³ â³ä³ãðàëè íå îñòàííþ ðîëü ó ñòàíîâëåíí³ ñó÷àñíîãî óãîðñüêîãî íàðîäó. Õî÷ óãðè-ìàäÿðè áóëè ãðîçîþ Â³çàíò³¿ òà Áîëãàð³¿, àëå é ñàì³ íå âñòîÿëè ïåðåä íàñòóïîì ç³ ñõîäó òþðêñüêèõ êî÷³âíèê³â-ïå÷åí³ã³â ³ ìóñèëè â³äñòóïèòè ó Ïàííîí³þ, äå çíàéøëè ñîá³ íîâó áàòüê³âùèíó. Ïàì’ÿòü ïðî ö³ ïîä³¿ äîñ³ ñâ³æà â óãîðñüêîìó íàðîä³, êîòðèé ùîðîêó ñâÿòêóº Äåíü â³äíàéäåííÿ áàòüê³âùèíè.

Ì²Æ ÊÈªÂÎÌ ² Â²ÇÀÍÒ²ªÞ ² çíîâ Ï³âí³÷íå Ïðè÷îðíîìîð’ÿ ñòàëî àðåíîþ áîðîòüáè çà ñôåðè âïëèâó. Öüîãî ðàçó òóò ç³òêíóëèñÿ ³íòåðåñè Â³çàíò³¿, Êè¿âñüêî¿ Ðóñ³ òà ïå÷åí³ã³â. Îñòàíí³, ïåðåâàæíî, ï³äòðèìóâàëè òîé àáî ³íøèé á³ê, çàëåæíî â³ä âèãîäè, ëèøàþ÷èñü ïðè öüîìó ñïðàâæí³ìè ãîñïîäàðÿìè ó ïîíèçç³ Äí³ïðà, Áóãó òà Äîíó. Â³ä ê³íöÿ IX äî ² ïîë. XI ñò. êè¿âñüê³ êíÿç³ çä³éñíþþòü ðÿä ïîõîä³â íà Â³çàíò³þ. Ãèðëî Äí³ïðà, ÿêå ñëîâ’ÿíè íàçèâàëè Á³ëîáåðåææÿì, áà÷èëî Îëåãà Â³ùîãî, ²ãîðÿ Ñòàðîãî, Ñâÿòó Îëüãó, Ñâÿòîñëàâà Çàâîéîâíèêà, Âîëîäèìèðà Âåëèêîãî... Ï³ñëÿ ðîçãðîìó ïå÷åí³ã³â ï³ä Êèºâîì 1036 ð. Êè¿âñüê³é Ðóñ³ íàðåøò³ âäàëîñÿ çàêð³ïèòèñÿ íà Íèæíüîìó Äí³ïð³. Ñàìå ó òîé ÷àñ íà îñòðîâ³, ùî íèí³ ìàº íàçâó Âåëèêèé Ïîòüîìê³íñüêèé, âèíèêàº ñëîâåíñüêå ïîðòîâå ì³ñòî Îëåøøÿ — ìîðñüê³ âîðîòà Äàâíüî¿ Ðóñ³. Òîä³ æ ó ïî-

íèçç³ Äí³ïðà ìåøêàëè áðîäíèêè — çá³ðíà íàçâà õîçàð³â-õðèñòèÿí, àëàí³â (íàùàäê³â ñàðìàò³â) òà ñëîâ’ÿí, ùî ñåëèëèñÿ á³ëÿ ïåðåâîç³â — áðîä³â (â³ä ÿêèõ ³ îòðèìàëè ñâîº ³ì’ÿ) âçäîâæ ñëàâíîçâ³ñíîãî òîðãîâîãî øëÿõó «ç âàðÿã ó ãðåêè». ²íøèìè ñóñ³äàìè Îëåøøÿ áóëè êèï÷àêè (ó ðóñüêèõ ë³òîïèñàõ çãàäóþòüñÿ ï³ä ³ì’ÿì ïîëîâö³â) — êî÷³âíèêè òþðêñüêîãî ïîõîäæåííÿ. Ó ãèðë³ Äí³ïðà êî÷óâàëà îðäà «ïîëîâö³â ëóêîìîðñüêèõ». Ïàì’ÿòêàìè ¿õíüîãî ïåðåáóâàííÿ ó êðà¿ º ÷èñëåíí³ êóðãàíè òà çíàìåíèò³ «êàì’ÿí³ áàáè» — ñêóëüïòóðí³ çîáðàæåííÿ âî¿í³âáîãàòèð³â òà ¿õí³õ æ³íîê. Íàéá³ëüøà êîëåêö³ÿ öèõ òâîð³â ìèñòåöòâà íèí³ çáåðåãëàñÿ â Äåðæàâíîìó çàïîâ³äíèêó «Àñêàí³ÿ-Íîâà». Ñòîñóíêè êèï÷àê³â-ïîëîâö³â ç Ðóññþ áóëè íåïðîñòèìè: ¿õí³ õàíè òî âîþâàëè ç ðóñüêèìè êíÿçÿìè, òî ðîäè÷àëèñÿ ç íèìè. Òà ïðè âñüîìó òîìó Îëåøøÿ íå â³ä÷óâàëî íà ñîá³ ¿õí³õ íàá³ã³â, àäæå òóò, íà òîðæèù³, êî÷³âíèêè ìîãëè îáì³íÿòè êîíåé, õóäîáó, øêóðè íà çáðîþ, çíàðÿääÿ ïðàö³, ïðåäìåòè ðîçêîø³, ùî ïðèâîçèëèñÿ ç Êèºâà, ×åðí³ãîâà, Ãàëè÷à, Â³çàíò³¿, Çàõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè, àðàáñüêèõ êðà¿í... XIII ñò. ñòàëî ôàòàëüíèì äëÿ áàãàòüîõ íàðîä³â Ñõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè. Ç ãëèáèí Öåíòðàëüíî¿ Àç³¿, çíèùóþ÷è âñå íà ñâîºìó øëÿõó, ïîñóíóëè îðäè ìîíãîë³â. Ï³ä ¿õí³ìè óäàðàìè âïàëî Îëåøøÿ, çàçíàëî êðàõó é ïîëîâåöüêå îá’ºäíàííÿ, ùî òàê ³ íå âñòèãëî ïåðåòâîðèòèñÿ íà äåðæàâó. Äîëÿ ñàìèõ ïîëîâö³â ñêëàëàñÿ ïî-ð³çíîìó: ÷àñòèíà ¿õ â³äêî÷óâàëà â Óãîðùèíó òà Áîëãàð³þ, ÷àñòèíà — ï³äêîðèëàñÿ ìîíãîëàì, äàâøè ïî÷àòîê êðèìñüêèì òàòàðàì, ÷àñòèíà, ñï³ëüíî ç áðîäíèêàìè, ðîçïî÷àëà áîðîòüáó ïðîòè çàâîéîâíèê³â ³ çãîäîì óâ³éøëà â ³ñòîð³þ ï³ä íàçâîþ êîçàöòâà. Ñòåïàìè Ïðè÷îðíîìîð’ÿ ç òîãî ÷àñó çàâîëîä³ëà çàïî÷àòêîâàíà ìîíãîëàìè äåðæàâà — Çîëîòà îðäà. Ñïðîáè Ãåíóåçüêî¿ ðåñïóáë³êè òà Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî çàêð³ïèòèñÿ òóò íå ìàëè óñï³õó. À â îñòàííþ ÷âåðòü XV ñò. ïîíèççÿ Äí³ïðà áóëî çàâîéîâàíå íàéá³ëüøèì àãðåñîðîì ï³çíüîãî ñåðåäíüîâ³÷÷ÿ — Îñìàíñüêîþ ³ìïåð³ºþ. Áàæàþ÷è çàêð³ïèòèñÿ íà Äí³ïð³, òóðêè çáóäóâàëè òóò ðÿä ôîðòåöü: Ãàç³Êåðìåí (íèí³ ì. Áåðèñëàâ), ²ñëàì-Êåðìåí (íèí³ ì. Êàõîâêà), Òÿãèí (íèí³ ñ. Òÿãèíêà Áåðèñëàâñüêîãî ðàéîíó), ÿê³ ñòàëè îïîðíèìè ïóíêòàìè äëÿ íàá³ã³â òóðê³â ³ òàòàð íà óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³. Ùîðîêó ìóñóëüìàíñüê³ õèæàêè ïàëèëè ñåëà é ì³ñòà òà áðàëè ó íåâîëþ òèñÿ÷³ õðèñòèÿí.

ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ REGION OF TNE COUNTRY

ÊÎÇÀÖÜÊÀ ÄÎÁÀ

Îòàìàí ²âàí Ñ³ðêî Ivan Sirko

Êèíóòè âèêëèê çàâîéîâíèêàì íàñì³ëèëèñÿ ò³ëüêè êîçàêè. 1492 ð. á³ëÿ ôîðòåö³ Òÿãèí âîíè äàëè ïåðøèé á³é òóðêàì, çàõîïèâøè ïðè öüîìó âîðîæèé êîðàáåëü. Îñîáëèâî àêòèâ³çóâàëèñÿ ñóõîïóòí³ òà ìîðñüê³ ïîõîäè ï³ñëÿ çàñíóâàííÿ ó ñåðåäèí³ XVI ñò. Çàïîðîçüêî¿ Ñ³÷³. Ó íàðîäí³é ïàì’ÿò³ íàçàâæäè çàêàðáóâàëèñÿ ³ìåíà Äìèòðà Áàéäè-Âèøíåâåöüêîãî, Áîãäàíà Ðóæèíñüêîãî, Ïåòðà Ñàãàéäà÷íîãî, Ìèõàéëà Äîðîøåíêà. Ó ² òðåòèí³ XV²² ñò. çàïîðîæö³ ïîâí³ñòþ î÷èñòèëè ãèðëî Äí³ïðà â³ä òóðåöüêèõ ôîðòåöü. Óñï³øí³ ä³¿ êîçàê³â äîçâîëèëè ãåòüìàíó Áîãäàíó Õìåëüíèöüêîìó óêëàñòè

Õåðñîíùèíà — öå ì³ñöå, äå ó òðàã³÷í³ äëÿ çàïîðîçüêèõ êîçàê³â ÷àñè ðîçòàøîâóâàëèñÿ òðè ñ³÷³. Ñàìå òóò çàñÿÿëà ç³ðêà ïîëêîâîäöÿ ²âàíà Ñ³ðêà, öèì îñü Äí³ïðîì õîäèâ äî Òóðå÷÷èíè íà äèâîâèæíèõ ÷îâíàõ ëåãåíäàðíèé ãåòüìàí Ñàãàéäà÷íèé, òóò ïðîëÿãàëè øëÿõè ³ Áîãäàíà Õìåëüíèöüêîãî, ³ Êîñòÿ Ãîðä³ºíêà, ³ Ïåòðà Êàëíèøåâñüêîãî, ³ ³íøèõ âèäàòíèõ ä³ÿ÷³â íàøî¿ Óêðà¿íè.

Ãåòüìàí Ïåòðî Ñàãàéäà÷íèé Hetman Petr Sagaydachny

ç Îñìàíñüêîþ ³ìïåð³ºþ 1649 ð. ìèðíèé äîãîâ³ð, çã³äíî ç ÿêèì äî Â³éñüêà Çàïîðîçüêîãî â³äõîäèëè òåðèòîð³¿ ì³æ Äí³ïðîì ³ Áóãîì àæ äî âïàä³ííÿ öèõ ð³ê ó ×îðíå ìîðå, äå ìàëè ïîñòàòè ïîðòîâ³ ì³ñòà. Àëå ñîþç ç Ìîñêîâñüêèì öàðñòâîì òà ì³æóñîáí³ â³éíè, ùî ðîçïî÷àëèñÿ â Óêðà¿í³ ï³ñëÿ ñìåðò³ Áîãäàíà Õìåëüíèöüêîãî, óíåìîæëèâèëè âèêîíàííÿ öèõ íàì³ð³â. Òàêîþ ñèòóàö³ºþ ñêîðèñòàëàñÿ Òóðå÷÷èíà, ÿêà âæå ó 60–70-õ ðð. XV²² ñò. íå ëèøå â³äáóäóâàëà íà Äí³ïð³ âñ³ ñâî¿ ñòàð³ ôîðòåö³ Ãàç³-Êåðìåí, ²ñëàìÊåðìåí, Òÿãèí, àëå é çâåëà äâ³ íîâ³ — Ìóñòðèò-Êåðìåí òà Ìóáàðåê-Êåðìåí. ² çíîâ çàñòîãíàëà Óêðà¿íà â³ä òóðåöüêî-òàòàðñüêèõ íàá³ã³â. Ñàìå òîãî âàæêîãî ÷àñó Çàïîðîçüêó Ñ³÷ î÷îëèâ çíà-

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

ìåíèòèé êîøîâèé îòàìàí ²âàí Ñ³ðêî. Çà ñâîº æèòòÿ â³í áðàâ ó÷àñòü ó 55 áèòâàõ, ïðàêòè÷íî íå çíàâ ïîðàçîê. Îðäèíö³ íàçèâàëè éîãî «óðóñ-øàéòàíîì» ³ ëÿêàëè íèì ñâî¿õ ä³òåé. ²ì’ÿ öüîãî ñëàâíîãî êîøîâîãî íàâ³þâàëî ñòðàõ ó òóðåöüêèõ çàìêàõ íà Íèæíüîìó Äí³ïð³ òà â ³íøèõ äí³ïðîâñüêèõ ôîðòåöÿõ Îñìàíñüêî¿ ³ìïåð³¿, ÿêà áóëà çìóøåíà òåðì³íîâî áóäóâàòè íà Ê³íáóðíñüê³é êîñ³ çàìîê Ê³ë-Áóðóí («ãîñòðèé í³ñ»), ÷è Ê³íáóðí. Îòæå, ïîíèççÿ Äí³ïðà (òî÷í³øå éîãî ïðàâîáåðåæíà ÷àñòèíà) çíîâ îïèíèëîñÿ ï³ä êîíòðîëåì êîçàê³â. ²âàí Ìàçåïà, íàìàãàþ÷èñü çáåðåãòè àâòîíîì³þ Óêðà¿íè, çàðó÷èâñÿ ï³äòðèìêîþ øâåäñüêîãî êîðîëÿ Êàðëà XII, ÿêèé íà òîé ÷àñ âîþâàâ ç Ðîñ³ºþ, ³

ãåòüìàí ñïðîáóâàâ ï³äíÿòè ïðîòè Ïåòðà ² íàö³îíàëüíî-âèçâîëüíå ïîâñòàííÿ. Éîãî ï³äòðèìàëè íàñàìïåðåä çàïîðîæö³, î÷îëþâàí³ êîøîâèì îòàìàíîì Êîñòåì Ãîðä³ºíêîì. Òà âèñòóï çàçíàâ ïîðàçêè, à Ñòàðó, àáî ×îðòîìëèöüêó, Ñ³÷ ó òðàâí³ 1709 ð. áóëî çðóéíîâàíî öàðñüêèìè â³éñüêàìè. Ðîçáèò³ çàïîðîæö³ ñïî÷àòêó îòàáîðèëèñÿ ïðè ãèðë³ áàëêè Êàì’ÿíêè (íèí³ ñ. Ðåñïóáë³êàíåöü Áåðèñëàâñüêîãî ðàéîíó), äå çàñíóâàëè Êàì’ÿíñüêó Ñ³÷, àëå âæå ÷åðåç äâà ðîêè áóëè çìóøåí³ ïîêèíóòè ¿¿ ï³ä òèñêîì ðîñ³éñüêîãî êîìàíäóâàííÿ é ïåðåéòè ï³ä ïðîòåêòîðàò êðèìñüêîãî õàíà. Íîâèì ïðèñòàíîâèùåì íèçîâèõ êîçàê³â ñòàëà Îëåøê³âñüêà Ñ³÷ (íèí³ ì. Öþðóïèíñüê), çàñíîâàíà 1711 ð. ó òàòàðñüêèõ âîëîä³ííÿõ. Ñïî÷àòêó æèòòÿ çàïîðîæö³â ó õàíñüêîìó ï³ääàíñòâ³ áóëî íåïîãàíèì: ç íèõ íå áðàëè ïîäàòê³â, äîçâîëèëè áåç ìèòà äîáóâàòè ñ³ëü ó Ïðîãíîéñüêèõ îçåðàõ, ïîëþâàòè òà ðèáàëèòè ó ãèðë³ Äí³ïðà, à çãîäîì â³ääàëè ¿ì Ãàâàíñüêèé ïåðåâ³ç. Ñïðàâó ²âàíà Ñ³ðêà ïðîäîâæèâ ãåòüìàí Ë³âîáåðåæíî¿ Óêðà¿íè ²âàí Ìàçåïà. 1695 ð. ï³ä éîãî êåð³âíèöòâîì óêðà¿íñüê³ êîçàöüê³ ïîëêè òà íåâåëèêèé êîíòèíãåíò ìîñêîâñüêîãî â³éñüêà âîºâîäè Áîðèñà Øåðåìåòüºâà îâîëîä³ëè Ãàç³-Êåðìåíîì òà Áåðèñëàâîì ³ Êàõîâêîþ. Àëå ç ÷àñîì ñèòóàö³ÿ çì³íèëàñÿ — êîçàöòâî áóëî ïîçáàâëåíå âñ³õ ïîïåðåäí³õ ïðèâ³ëå¿â, äî òîãî æ ¿õ çìóøóâàëè âèêîíóâàòè çåìëÿí³ ðîáîòè íà Ïåðåêîï³, çàáîðîíÿëè áóäóâàòè óêð³ïëåííÿ òà òðèìàòè ó Ñ³÷³ àðòèëåð³þ, õà-

ïàëè íàâ³òü ëþäåé äëÿ ïðîäàæó ó ðàáñòâî, ùî âèêëèêàëî íåçàäîâîëåííÿ îñíîâíî¿ ìàñè çàïîðîæö³â. ² 1728 ð. âîíè ïîêèíóëè Îëåøêè. Ëèøå 1734 ð. Çàïîðîçüêà Ñ³÷ áóëà ïðèéíÿòà äî ðîñ³éñüêîãî ï³ääàíñòâà. Â îñòàíí³ ÷àñè ³ñíóâàííÿ Ñ³÷³ (1734–1775 ðð.) òåðèòîð³ÿ Ñëàâíîãî Â³éñüêà Çàïîðîçüêîãî Íèçîâîãî ïîä³ëÿëàñÿ íà 8 ïàëàíîê, ùî ÿâëÿëè ñîáîþ òåðèòîð³àëüíî-àäì³í³ñòðàòèâí³ îêðóãè. Â ìåæàõ ñó÷àñíî¿ Õåðñîíùèíè áóëè Ïåðåâ³çüêà (àáî ²íãóëüñüêà) òà Ïðîãíî¿âñüêà ïàëàíêè. Ïåðøà ç íèõ îõîïëþâàëà âñþ ïðàâîáåðåæíó ÷àñòèíó îáëàñò³ ³ âèêîíóâàëà ôóíêö³¿ ñïîñòåðåæåííÿ çà òàòàðàìè, êîíòðîëü íàä ðèáàëüñòâîì íà Íèæíüîìó Äí³ïð³ é ²íãóëüö³ òà íàä ïåðåâîçàìè. Çîâñ³ì ³íøèìè áóëè çàâäàííÿ Ïðîãíî¿âñüêî¿ ïàëàíêè. Òóò çîñåðåäæóâàëèñÿ ñîëÿí³ ïðîìèñëè, ùî ïðèíîñèëè Â³éñüêó ÷èìàëèé ïðèáóòîê. Ñàìå ñþäè ïðÿìóâàëè ÷óìàêè, ÿê³ âåçëè ïîò³ì ïðîãíî¿âñüêó ñ³ëü â Óêðà¿íó, Ïîëüùó, Ðîñ³þ. Àëå íà â³äì³íó â³ä ³íøèõ ïàëàíîê, òóò çàáîðîíÿëîñÿ çàñíîâóâàòè ñåëà ÷è õóòîðè-çèì³âíèêè — äàâàëîñÿ âçíàêè ñóñ³äñòâî ç Êðèìñüêèì õàíñòâîì. Çàïîðîçüêå êîçàöòâî áðàëî àêòèâíó ó÷àñòü ó ðîñ³éñüêî-òóðåöüêèõ â³éíàõ 1735–1739 òà 1769–1774 ðð., âèÿâèâøè çðàçêè ñïðàâæíüîãî ãåðî¿çìó. Àëå ï³ñëÿ óêëàäåííÿ 1774 ð. Êþ÷óêÊàéíàðäæèéñüêîãî ìèðó, êîëè Ðîñ³ÿ îñòàòî÷íî çàâîëîä³ëà çàïîðîçüêèìè çåìëÿìè òà òóðåöüêîþ ôîðòåöåþ Ê³íáóðí, Ñ³÷ âòðàòèëà ñâîº çíà÷åííÿ ïðèêîðäîííîãî ôîðïîñòó. Öèì â³äðàçó æ ñêîðèñòàëàñÿ ðîñ³éñüêà ³ìïåðàòðèöÿ Êàòåðèíà II, ÿêà 1775 ð. âèäàëà óêàç ïðî ë³êâ³äàö³þ Ñëàâíîãî Â³éñüêà Çàïîðîçüêîãî Íèçîâîãî. Îäíàê 1776 ð. ³ç çàïîðîæö³â ôîðìóºòüñÿ Õåðñîíñüêèé ï³ê³íåðíèé ïîëê, ïåðåòâîðåíèé 1783 ð. íà ëåãêîê³ííèé òà âêëþ÷åíèé 1790 ð. äî Êàòåðèíîñëàâñüêîãî êîçàöüêîãî â³éñüêà. Êð³ì òîãî, 1783 ð. ó Õåðñîí³ ðîçïî÷àëîñÿ ôîðìóâàííÿ ×îðíîìîðñüêîãî êîçàöüêîãî â³éñüêà. ×îðíîìîðö³ òà êàòåðèíîñëàâö³ âèÿâëÿëè âèíÿòêîâó ìóæí³ñòü ó ðîñ³éñüêî-òóðåöüê³é â³éí³ 1787– 1791 ðð. Àëå çãîäîì ×îðíîìîðñüêå â³éñüêî áóëî âèñåëåíå íà Êóáàíü, à Êàòåðèíîñëàâñüêå ïåðåòâîðåíå íà ðåãóëÿðí³ ê³íí³ ïîëêè ðîñ³éñüêî¿ àðì³¿. Ìàòåð³àë ï³äãîòîâëåíî Óïðàâë³ííÿì ³íôîðìàö³éíî¿ ðîáîòè Õåðñîíñüêî¿ îáëàñíî¿ äåðæàâíî¿ àäì³í³ñòðàö³¿.

It is hard to believe that the wide plains of the Black Sea territory were the main location for many nations that now cover the great territory of Europe and Asia. They have settled here and left a great amount of evidence of their foundation, household and battles for land and power that constantly took place here.

ANCIENT BANNERS OF THE GREAT STEPPE This steppe is the place where researchers found evidence of Aryans who are the legendary ancestors of Indo-European nations. It is believed that Mikhailivski town was their capital. This territory is also believed to be the place where the wild horse was first tamed. This was also the place where the Aryans started their legendary war trip to India. Since then the Tavria steppes became a battle field. It was the steppe people who changed the world political map so often. The oldest nation of Northern Black Sea lands that is preserved up to the present day is the Cimmerian. Perfect riders and incomparable archers made the great countries of Asia afraid of them. Determined steppe warriors, who attracted attention of the ancient world poets. They were also mentioned by Homer in his immortal «Odysseus». Everything passes though and in the VII century after 200 years

of supremacy in the steppe Kimerians had to yield to another powerful nation the Skolots who were mentioned in ancient resources as Skiffs. This was the first generation to contact the Ancient Greeks or the Hellenes who started to settle its colonies on the North Black Sea territory. There were legends about the Skiffs’ (Skolots’) bravery. Gerodot the famous Ancient Greek poet mentioned that to the most powerful world aggressor of that time Persian king Dariavaush’s (Daria’s ) command the proud steppe sons replied: «If you Persians don’t fly into the air like birds or dig yourself into the ground like mice or hide yourself in the water like frogs, you will not escape from the Skiff’s arrows.» Yet in III-II centuries BC the unbeatable Skiffs were defeated by their relatives the Sarmats, whose rule (supremacy) ended the history of Iranian speaking nomads in the Great Steppe. Only the great tumulus remind us about that legendary time.

ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ REGION OF TNE COUNTRY

In III century the great German family of Goths invaded this territory and gave it another name — Oiy Um. Probably they liked the steppe as they founded a new country there, which became the prototype of most West European countries. It was the Goths who named the biggest river in Ukraine, which is Danpar or Danapr — Dnipr named after their capital Danparshtadt which was considered by the researchers to be situated on nowadays Borislav. The Goths kingdom, which reached the biggest prosperity under Germanarikh’s rule, became the first Christian country on the modern Ukraine’s territory. It was the beginning of the end of the Goths rule on the North Black Sea territory. In 375 the Goons, the first Turkic nation that came from Europe arrived. Some of the Goths surrendered to the Goons and some moved to the West and thus started the Great migration as well as the new era in history — the Middle Ages. Since then the Black Sea steppe was captured by nomads of Turkic origin: the Goons, the Utugures, the Kututrgures, the Verhlnity (Avars), Bulgarians and the Khzars. The Goons’ chief Atilla, Avarian’s khagan Bayan, Bugarian khan Asparukh, all of them walked these roads in order to challenge the great Rome or powerful Byzantine Empire.

POLOVTSIAN CURVED SEASHORE In the mid IX century between Dniper and Dnister steppe other nomads had settled, the Magyars, who founded a state here named Livedia. These lands played a great role in founding the nowadays Hungarian people. Though the Magyars were a big threat to the Byzantine Empire and Bulgaria they could not resist themselves the attack of Turkic nomads from the East and had to retreat to Pannonia, where they established a new motherland. These events are still fresh in Hungarians’ memories, who celebrate The Foundation of the Country.

BETWEEN KIEV AND BYZANTINE The North Black Sea territory became a battlefield for influence and power. This time it was between the Byzantine Empire, Kievan Rus and the Pechenigs, the last ones to support one side or the other depending on how beneficial it was remaining real masters on Dnister, Bug and Don. From the end of the IXth century till the first half of the XIth Kiev princes made

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

number of attacks on the Byzantine Empire. Dniper’s mouth, called White Coast by the Slavs, was attended by Oleg the Great, Igor the Old, St Olga, Svyatoslav the Conqueror and Vladimir the Great. After Pechenigis’ defeat near Kiev in 1036, Kievan Rus finally managed to strengthen its positions on the Lower Dniper. This was the time when the Slav port town Olesha was founded on the island now called Great Potyomkin’s. This place was the sea gate to Kievan Rus. At the same time there were the Brodniky who lived in the Low Dniper — this is a collective name for the Khazars, the Alanivs (the Armats’ descendants) and the Slavs who settled near ferries (Brody in Ukrainian), that is why they are called Brodniky. They settled near the famous trading road «from the Varangians to the Greeks». The other Olesha’s neighbours were Kipchaks (in Russian chronicle mentioned as Polovtsians) — another nomad of Turkish origin. There was a horde of «curved seashore Polovtsians» in the Dniper’s mouth. There are still monuments that remind us about their existence: a number of tumuli and their famous stone image of their warriors and their wives. The biggest collection of this art is now preserved in the state national reserve Askaniya Nova. The relationship between KipchaksPolovtsians and Russa was quite complicated: their khans either were at war with them or they were related. In spite of all this, Olesha didn’t feel their raids because here the trading nomads could exchange their horses, cattle, weapon, jewellery, etc brought from Kiev, Byzantine, West Europe, Arabian countries and others. Nevertheless the XIII century became fatal for most of the East European nations. From deep central Asia the Mongolians’ hordes moved destroying everything in their path. Olesha was also among those who yielded as well as the Polovtsians union, which hadn’t established a country as yet. For the Polovtsians themselves it was different: some of them moved to Bulgaria and Hungary, some surrendered to the Mongolians and thus gave the origin to Crimea Tartars, some, together with Brodniky, started to fight with the conqueror and soon went down in history as Cossacks. Since then the Black Sea steppe was possessed by the Mongolians — the Golden Horde. The attempts of the Genoan republic and Grand Duchy of Lithuania to settle here did not succeed. In the last quarter of the XVth centu-

ry the Lower Dniper steppe was conquered by the biggest aggressor of the late Middle Ages — the Ottoman Empire. Willing to settle here the Turks started to build the fortresses: Gazi-Kermen (now Borislav), Islam Kermen (now Kakhovka), Tyagyn (now Tyagynka, Boryslav region). These places became the main bases for Turks and Tartars raids into Ukrainian lands. Each year the Muslim predators burnt towns and villages and enslaved thousands of Christians.

THE COSSACK’S ERA It was only the Cossacks could challenge the conquerors. In 1492 near Tyagyn fortress they fought with the Turks for the first time and seized the enemy’s ships. Land and sea raids have increased especially after the Zaporizhska Sich foundation. People will always remember such names as Dmitry Baidy-Vyshnevetsky, Petra Sagaydachnogo and Michailo Doroshenko. In the first quarter of the XVIIth century Zaporizhians mopped up the whole Dniper outfall of Turkish fortresses. The Cossack’s successes permitted hetman Bogdan Khmelnytsky to conclude an agreement with the Ottoman Empire in 1649 according to which they received territory between the Dnipr and the Bug up to the Black Sea, where they wanted to build some ports but the union with the Russian Empire and internecine wars that started in Ukraine after Bogdan’s death made this attempt impossible. This situation was used by Turkey, which in the 60’s and 70’s of the 17th century not only rebuilt its old fortresses on the Dnipr but also built two new ones, Mustritkerman and Mubarekermen. Thus Ukraine started to suffer from Turkish and tartar raids again. This was a difficult time in the Zaporizhskan Sich while it was ruled by Ivan Sirko. He took part in 55 battles throughout his life almost without defeat. The hordes called him Urus-Shaitan and scared their children with stories of him. The name of this famous commander of the Cossack camp, that put fear into the Turks of the lower Dnipr and other Dnipr fortresses of the Ottoman Empire which were forced to build Kilborron Castle on Kingurn spit. (Kil-boron is translated as ‘straight nose’). Thus the lower Dnipr, its right bank to be more precise, now belonged to the Cossacks again. Ivan Mazepa trying to save the Ukrainian autonomy, found support from the Swedish King Karl 12th who was fighting with Russia at that time, and the Hetman tried to revolt against Peter 1st, this revolt was called

Àôàíàñ³é Ñëàñò³îí (1855-1933). Ïðîâîäè íà Ñ³÷.

Kherson region was the place where three Cossack hosts were located during their tragic times. This was the place were Ivan Sirka became popular, legendary Hetman Sagaydachny was crossing the Dniper using these wonderful boats, Bogdan Khmelnytsky also set his foot on these lands as well as Kostya Gordienko and many other famous Ukrainian figures Ïåòðî Êàëíèøåâñüêèé Petro Kalnyshevskiy

the national freedom revolt. He was supported first of all by the Zaporoshians who were led by Ataman Kostya Gordienko, but the revolt failed and the old Sich was destroyed by Czarist troops in May 1709. The defeated Zaporisians gathered by the Kamyanka river junction (now its republicanetz Borislav Region) where they founded Kamyanka Sich, but within two years they were forced to leave it under pressure from the Russians and used the protectorate of Crimean khan. Alushkievska Sich (now the Turupinsk) became the new settlement for the lower Cossacks founded in 1711 in Tartar lands. At first Zaporisians had a good life under the Khans protection: they were not made to pay taxes and they were allowed to collect salt from Pragnoyski lakes, go hunting and fishing in the Dnipr junction and after time they received Havan ferriage.

Ivan Serkovs plans were continued by Ivan Mazepa, hetman of the left bank. In 1695 under his rule Ukrainian Cossack troops and a small number of Russian troops, led by Boris Sheremetiev conquered Borislav Ghazi-kermen and Kharhovka. After time the situation changed and the Cossacks lost all the privileges they had previously held, and were also forced to farm on Perikop, they were forbidden to built defenses and keep artillery, some of them were even sold as slaves, which made Zaporisians discontented. In 1728 they left Aleshki and only in 1734 the Zaporisian Sich was permitted to become part of Russia. In their last years (1734-1775) the territory of the famous Zaporisian troops was divided into eight Palanka which were considered to be separate administrative regions. On modern Kherson region territory there was Pereviiska (or Ingulska) and Prognoyivska Palankas.

Afanasiy Slasteon (1855-1933). Seeing off for Sich.

The first one covered the whole right hand part of the region and had to watch the Tartars, control fishing and transportation on the Lower Dnipr. Another completely separate task was for Prognoyivska palanka, the main salt collection was concentrated here which contributed a lot for the troops. This was the place to which the Tchoomaks were drawn to buy the salt and carry it to Ukraine, Poland and Russia but unlike other Palankas it was forbidden to build villages here because of the neighboring Crimean Khan. Zaporisian Cossacks took an active part in the Russian Turkish wars in 17351739 and 1769-1774, showing true heroism. After the 1774 agreement (Kootchuk— Kainargiski agreement) when Russia finally seized Zaporisian lands and the Turkish fortress of King-burun, the Sich lost its customs post status, and Russian Empress Catherine 2nd used that at once. In 1775 she decreed the troops of the Lower Dnipr Zaporosians be evicted. In 1776 Zaporisians founded the Kherson pike men regiment, which then became a mounted lancer regiment in 1783 and 1790 was incorporated into Katherinaslavski Cossack troops, who showed outstanding bravery in the Russian — Turkish wars of 1787-1791. After a while the Black Sea troops were sent to Kuban in the north and Katerinaslavski troops were transformed into ordinary horse troops of the Russian army. This material is presented by the Information Services Establishment. Kherson Regional State Administration.

ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ REGION OF TNE COUNTRY

ÂÀÒ «Õåðñîíñüêèé êîìá³íàò õë³áîïðîäóêò³â» íèí³ º îäíèì ç íàéá³ëüøèõ õë³áîïðèéìàëüíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ êðà¿í ÑÍÄ. Õåðñîíñüêèé ÊÕÏ — öå ïîíàä 70 ðîê³â óñï³õó, ïîñò³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó é óäîñêîíàëåííÿ. Î÷îëþº ï³äïðèºìñòâî Îëåêñàíäð Ìèõàéëîâè÷ ÑÀÁÅËÊÎ. Ñüîãîäí³ êîìá³íàò çäàòíèé çä³éñíþâàòè íàãðîìàäæåííÿ é ïåðåâàëêó á³ëüøå 15 âèä³â çåðíîâèõ ³ îë³éíèõ êóëüòóð, ï³äïðèºìñòâî ìàº íàéêðàùå îáëàäíàííÿ äëÿ äîâåäåííÿ çåðíà äî åêñïîðòíèõ êîíäèö³é. Êð³ì öüîãî Õåðñîíñüêèé ÊÕÏ âèïóñêàº âèñîêîÿê³ñíå ïøåíè÷íå áîðîøíî, íàäàº ïîñëóãè ç ãðàíóëÿö³¿ é ïåðåâàëêè âèñ³âîê. Õåðñîíñüêèé ÊÕÏ êîðèñòóºòüñÿ ñèëîñíèìè ºìíîñòÿìè äî 100 000 òîíí îäíî÷àñíîãî çáåð³ãàííÿ çåðíà. Âåäóòüñÿ ðîáîòè ç³ çá³ëüøåííÿ ºìíîñò³ äî 150 000 òîíí. Îëåêñàíäð ÑÀÁÅËÊÎ, ãîëîâà ïðàâë³ííÿ ÂÀÒ «Õåðñîíñüêèé êîìá³íàò õë³áîïðîäóêò³â»

Oleksandr SABELKO, head joint-stock company «Kherson integrated cereal plant»

Підсумки діяльності комбінату вагомі й разючі Í

à ñâî¿é òåðèòîð³¿ êîìá³íàò çäàòíèé ïðèéìàòè é â³äâàíòàæóâàòè ñóäíà âîäîòîííàæí³ñòþ äî 50 000 òîíí, ùî çíà÷íî çäåøåâëþº ïåðåâàëêó é ôðàõò ñóäåí. Äî ïîñëóã ïàðòíåð³â ÕÊÕÏ òàêîæ ñêëàäè äâîõ ñòðóêòóðíèõ ï³äðîçä³ë³â — Ìèê³ëüñüêîãî õë³áîïðèéìàëüíîãî ï³äïðèºìñòâà òà Êîïàíñüêîãî õë³áîïðèéìàëüíîãî ï³äïðèºìñòâà. Çâàæóþòü ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüê³ êóëüòóðè ï³ä ÷àñ ïðèéìàííÿ ÷è â³äâàíòàæåííÿ íà åëåêòðîííèõ òåðåçàõ, ³íòåãðîâàíèõ ó àâòîìàòèçîâàíó ñèñòåìó êåðóâàííÿ

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

îáë³êó íà áàç³ áóõãàëòåðñüêîãî êîìïëåêñó 1Ñ «Ï³äïðèºìñòâî», ñåðòèô³êîâàíó é â³äïîâ³äíó ì³æíàðîäíîìó ñòàíäàðòîâ³ ²SO 9000. Öå äîçâîëÿº óñóíóòè âïëèâ ëþäñüêîãî ôàêòîðà íà îáë³êîâ³ äàí³ ïðî ê³ëüê³ñíîÿê³ñí³ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèõ êóëüòóð. Ìëèí îáëàäíàíî óí³êàëüíèì òåõíîëîã³÷íèì óñòàòêóâàííÿì, âèãîòîâëåíèì çà ë³öåíç³ºþ øâåéöàðñüêî¿ ô³ðìè «Áþëåð», à òàêîæ ñèñòåìîþ àâòîìàòèçîâàíîãî êåðóâàííÿ òåõíîëîã³÷íèì ïðîöåñîì ³ç çàñòîñóâàííÿì ñó÷àñíî¿ êîìï’þòåðíî¿ òåõí³êè. Çà âèðîáíè÷èìè ïîòóæíîñòÿìè ìëèí Õåðñîíñüêî-

ãî ÊÕÏ º îäíèì ç ë³äåð³â Óêðà¿íè — 405 òîíí íà äîáó. Íèí³ ÂÀÒ «Õåðñîíñüêèé ÊÕÏ» ïåðåðîáëÿº äî 10 000 òîíí çåðíà íà ì³ñÿöü. ßê³ñòü áîðîøíà Õåðñîíñüêîãî êîìá³íàòó õë³áîïðîäóêò³â íàëåæíî îö³íèëè íå ò³ëüêè ñïîæèâà÷³ âñ³õ ðåã³îí³â Óêðà¿íè, àëå é çà êîðäîíîì. Êîìá³íàò ïîñòà÷àº ïðîäóêö³þ â Ãðóç³þ, Ìîëäîâó, Ñèð³þ, ÎÀÅ, Òà¿ëàíä, Òàäæèêèñòàí, Àçåðáàéäæàí, Â³ðìåí³þ, ×åõ³þ, ²ðàí, ²çðà¿ëü, êðà¿íè Àôðèêè. Ïåðñïåêòèâíó ñòðàòåã³þ ï³äïðèºìñòâà Îëåêñàíäð Ñàáåëêî âèçíà÷àº òàê: «Íàøà ìåòà — ðîçøèðþâàòè ñïåêòð ïîñëóã ³ ïîñò³éíî ¿õ âäîñêîíàëþâàòè. Òîìó ìè ñôîêó-

The results of the integrated plant activity are significant and impressive The open joint-stock company «Kherson integrated cereal plant » is one of the biggest grain receiving enterprises of the CIS countries. It has more than 70 years of successes, with constant development and improvement. This enterprise is headed by Sabelko Oleksandr Michajlovich. Nowadays this plant can manage the storage and transfer of more than 15 kinds of grain and oil-bearing crops; it has the best equipment to reduce the grain to export standards. It also produces high-quality wheat meal, offers its assistance in siftings (chaff, bran) granulation and transferring. «Kherson integrated cereal plant » uses a silo capacity of 100 000 tons of simultaneous grain curing. We are working to increase the capacity to 150 000 tons.

ñóâàëèñÿ íà òàêèõ êëþ÷îâèõ çàâäàííÿõ. Íàñàìïåðåä — çðîñòàííÿ îáñÿã³â ïåðåâàëêè ³ ÿêîñò³ íàäàâàíèõ ïîñëóã. Äîñÿãòè öüîãî ïëàíóºìî çà ðàõóíîê ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ îáëàäíàííÿ âñ³õ âèðîáíè÷èõ ä³ëÿíîê êîìá³íàòó. Äàë³ — çá³ëüøåííÿ ïåðåðîáíèõ ïîòóæíîñòåé. Ìè ìàºìî íàì³ð çðîáèòè çíà÷í³ êàï³òàëîâêëàäåííÿ é âèêîðèñòàòè íàÿâíèé äîñâ³ä äëÿ ðîçøèðåííÿ ïîòóæíîñòåé êîìá³íàòó. Äóìàþ, òàêèé çàõ³ä äîçâîëèòü íàì äîñÿãòè á³ëüøî¿ ïðèñóòíîñò³ íà ðèíêó çåðíà. ² íàðåøò³ — êîíòðîëü çà âñ³ì âèðîáíè÷î-òåõíîëîã³÷íèì ëàíöþæêîì: â³ä çàêóï³âë³, çáåð³ãàííÿ é âèðîáíèöòâà äî ðåàë³çàö³¿, ùî äîçâîëèòü íàì çàáåçïå÷èòè âèñîêó ÿê³ñòü ³ êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæí³ñòü âèðîáëåíî¿ ïðîäóêö³¿, îïòèì³çóâàòè ¿¿ ñîá³âàðò³ñòü, ìîá³ëüí³øå ðåàãóâàòè íà âèìîãè ðèíêó, à ãîëîâíå — êðàùå çàäîâîëüíÿòè ïîòðåáè íàøèõ êë³ºíò³â. Ìè ïðàãíåìî óòðèìóâàòè ñòàòóñ ïðîâ³äíîãî ï³äïðèºìñòâà Óêðà¿íè ç åêñïîðòó é ïåðåðîáêè çåðíà!»

Òåë. 8(0552)42-33-09, 41-00-30, 41-00-35; ôàêñ 8(0552)42-33-08, 41-00-35 e-ma³l: l³m@hkhp.com.ua www.hkhp.com.ua

his integrated plant can accept and ship shipments of 50,000 tons displacement on its territory, which considerably reduces the price of the ships transshipment and freight. Storehouses of two structural subdivisions — Mukilsk breadreceiving enterprise (company) and Kopansk breadreceiving enterprise (company) — also refer to the services of KIPGP. ??? (They missed some words in the Ukrainian variant of this sentence) Cultures are weighed on electronic scales, integrated into an automated system of accounting, managed on the base of the certificated account system 1S «Enterprise», and corresponds to international standard ISO 9000, while accepting or shipment. It makes it possible to eliminate the influence of a human factor în the accounting data about the qualitative characteristics of the crops. The mill is equipped with unique technological equipment, produced under the license of a Swiss company «Buler», as well as by a system of automatic control of the technological process using modern computer technology. The mill of the Kherson plant is one of the leaders in Ukraine — 405 tons per hour. Nowadays the open-end company «Kherson IPGP» refines 10 000 tons of grain per month. The quality of the Kherson plant was assessed not only by the consumers of Ukraine, but also abroad. This plant supplies its production to Georgia, Moldova, Syria, The United Arab

Emirates, Thailand, Tadzhikistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, The Czech Republic, Iran, Israel and countries of Africa. Oleksandr Sabelko defines the perspective strategy in the following way: «Our goal is to broaden the range of services and improve them constantly. That is why we have focused on such key targets: first of all to extend the volume of transshipment and make the quality of services better. We want to attain this by a retrofit installation of all production departments of our enterprise. Then we want to increase the converting facility. We intend to make a considerable investment and use our staff’s experience to increase the facility of our complex. I think all these actions will help us to increase our grain market share. And after all, the control of all the industrial-engineering chain from purchasing, storing and production would help us to ensure the high quality and competitiveness of our products, to optimize cost price and quickly react to the needs of the market and the main aspect — to satisfy the demands of our customers We try to retain our status as the leading company of Ukraine in grain exporting! Tel. 8(0552)42-33-09, 41-00-30, 41-00-35; fax 8(0552)42-33-08, 41-00-35 e-ma³l: l³m@hkhp.com.ua site: www.hkhp.com.ua

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

Àëüã³ðäàñ ÊÓÌÆÀ:

«Україна — невіддільна частина Європи, європейської історії та європейської сучасності» — Ïàíå Ïîñîë, ÿê Âè ñüîãîäí³ îö³íþºòå ð³âåíü ì³æäåðæàâíèõ â³äíîñèí ì³æ Ëèòîâñüêîþ Ðåñïóáë³êîþ òà Óêðà¿íîþ?

Àëüã³ðäàñ Êóìæà — Íàäçâè÷àéíèé ³ Ïîâíîâàæíèé Ïîñîë Ëèòîâñüêî¿ Ðåñïóáë³êè â Óêðà¿í³ — íà öüîìó âèñîêîìó äèïëîìàòè÷íîìó ïîñòó ç ëþòîãî 2006 ðîêó. Íàøèì ÷èòà÷àì áóäå ö³êàâî ä³çíàòèñÿ, ùî ïàí Êóìæà ç 1999 ïî 2006 ð³ê áóâ ïðåçèäåíòîì Ôîíäó Òàðàñà Øåâ÷åíêà â Ëèòâ³, ìåòîþ ÿêîãî º ðîçâèâàòè íàóêîâ³ é êóëüòóðí³ çâ’ÿçêè ì³æ Ëèòâîþ òà Óêðà¿íîþ.

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

— Ïîë³òèêè é äèïëîìàòè íàøèõ êðà¿í îñòàíí³ì ÷àñîì äîñÿãëè ÷èìàëî. Îñîáëèâî õî÷ó íàãîëîñèòè íà ðîë³ ïðåçèäåíò³â — Âàëäàñà Àäàìêóñà òà Â³êòîðà Þùåíêà. Ï³ä ÷àñ â³çèòó Ïðåçèäåíòà Óêðà¿íè äî Â³ëüíþñà âë³òêó öüîãî ðîêó áóëî ï³äòâåðäæåíî, ùî íàø³ êðà¿íè º ñòðàòåã³÷íèìè ïàðòíåðàìè. Öå — âèùèé ð³âåíü ³ äèïëîìàòè÷íèõ, ³ ïîë³òè÷íèõ â³äíîñèí. Öüîìó ñïðèÿþòü ³ ñòâîðåí³ â íàøèõ êðà¿íàõ ³íñòèòóö³¿, ïîêëèêàí³ ïîãëèáëþâàòè âçàºìîâèã³äí³ çâ’ÿçêè Ëèòâè é Óêðà¿íè, — ïðåçèäåíòñüê³ é ì³æóðÿäîâ³ ðàäè, òðèñòîðîííÿ (Óêðà¿íà, Ïîëüùà, Ëèòâà) ì³æïàðëàìåíòñüêà àñàìáëåÿ òîùî. Îäíèì ³ç ïð³îðèòåòíèõ íàïðÿìê³â ó â³äíîñèíàõ ç Óêðà¿íîþ ìè ðîçãëÿäàºìî åêîíîì³÷íó ñï³âïðàöþ. Ìè çàâæäè ðàä³ ³íâåñòèö³éíèì ïðîïîçèö³ÿì. Ñâîºþ ÷åðãîþ ëèòîâñüêèé á³çíåñ, îñîáëèâî îñòàíí³ì ÷àñîì, àêòèâíî îñâîþº óêðà¿íñüêèé ðèíîê. Õî÷ó ï³äêðåñëèòè: ìè ñåðéîçíî ïî÷àëè ïðàöþâàòè ç óêðà¿íñüêèìè ï³äïðèºìñòâàìè â òàêîìó âàæëèâîìó íàïðÿìêó, ÿê òåïëîçáåðåæåííÿ, ùî ïåðåäáà÷àº âñòàíîâëåííÿ íîâ³òí³õ, îùàäëèâèõ ñèñòåì ì³ñüêîãî òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ. ² íà êóëüòóðíîìó ð³âí³ íàø³ âçàºìèíè ðîçâèâàþòüñÿ óñï³øíî. Ìèíóëîãî ðîêó â Óêðà¿í³ ïðîõîäèâ Ð³ê ëèòîâñüêî¿ êóëü-

òóðè, ó ðàìêàõ ÿêîãî ó âàñ â³äáóëîñÿ áëèçüêî 70 ð³çíèõ çàõîä³â — êîíöåðò³â, âèñòàâ, åêñïîçèö³é, òâîð÷èõ çóñòð³÷åé. — À Âè îñîáèñòî, çóñòð³÷àþ÷èñü ³ç á³çíåñìåíàìè-ñï³ââ³ò÷èçíèêàìè, ðåêîìåíäóºòå ¿ì àêòèâí³øå ïðîñóâàòèñÿ íà óêðà¿íñüêèé ðèíîê? — Íå ò³ëüêè ðåêîìåíäóþ, àëå é çíàéîìëþ ¿õ ç îñîáëèâîñòÿìè óêðà¿íñüêîãî ðèíêó. Ðàäæó íå îïóñêàòè ðóêè ï³ñëÿ ïåðøèõ íåâäà÷. Àäæå íå ñåêðåò, ùî ÷àñòî á³çíåñ íàòðàïëÿº íà ïåðåøêîäè, òàê áè ìîâèòè, ñóá’ºêòèâíîãî õàðàêòåðó, êîëè íå çàêîíè, à áåçâ³äïîâ³äàëüíà ïîçèö³ÿ áþðîêðàò³â çàâàæàº á³çíåñó. Òîìó íàøèì ï³äïðèºìöÿì ÿ ïåðåêîíëèâî ðàäæó øóêàòè ÷åñíèõ ³ íàä³éíèõ ïàðòíåð³â. — ßêùî ìè Âàñ ïðàâèëüíî çðîçóì³ëè, óêðà¿íñüêèé ðèíîê º ³íâåñòèö³éíî ïðèâàáëèâèì äëÿ ëèòîâñüêîãî á³çíåñó? — Íà ì³é ïîãëÿä, óêðà¿íñüêèé ðèíîê çà ñâî¿ìè ìàñøòàáàìè º îäíèì ç íàéá³ëüøèõ ó Ñõ³äí³é ªâðîï³. À îò ç òî÷êè çîðó ³íâåñòèö³éíî¿ ïðèâàáëèâîñò³ ðîáîòè òóò — íåîðàíå ïîëå. Ëèòâà — òðàäèö³éíî àãðàðíèé êðàé. Ï³ñëÿ âñòóïó íàøî¿ êðà¿íè äî ªâðîñîþçó ìè, çâè÷àéíî, çáàãàòèëèñÿ é íîâèìè ï³äõîäàìè, é íîâèìè òåõíîëîã³ÿìè ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêîãî âèðîáíèöòâà. Ñàìå â öüîìó ñåêòîð³ åêîíîì³êè íàïðàöüîâàíî ÷èìàëî, ÷èì ³ ä³ëèìîñÿ ç³ ñâî¿ìè ïàðòíåðàìè. Íàø³

ï³äïðèºìö³ äóæå óâàæíî âè-â÷àþòü óêðà¿íñüêèé ðèíîê ñ³ëüãîñïïðîäóêö³¿. Ëèòîâñüê³ ôåðìåðè îðåíäóþòü â Óêðà¿í³ â³ä ï’ÿòè äî äâàäöÿòè òèñÿ÷ ãåêòàð³â — äëÿ ëèòîâñüêèõ ³íâåñòîð³â òàê³ ìàñøòàáè íå ïðîñòî ïåðñïåêòèâí³, âîíè ¿õ áóêâàëüíî íàäèõàþòü. Ëèòîâö³ ïðèâîçÿòü â Óêðà¿íó ñîðòîâå íàñ³ííÿ, ñó÷àñíó àãðàðíó òåõíîëîã³þ é îòðèìóþòü âèñîê³ ðåçóëüòàòè. ² óêðà¿íö³ îõî÷å çâåðòàþòüñÿ äî íàøèõ á³çíåñìåí³â çà äîñâ³äîì àãðàðíîãî âèðîáíèöòâà, çáàãà÷åíîãî ñó÷àñíèìè ºâðîïåéñüêèìè òåõíîëîã³ÿìè. Íèí³ íà ìî¿õ î÷àõ ñòâîðþºòüñÿ âçàºìîâèã³äíèé àãðîïðîìèñëîâèé àëüÿíñ ó Äí³ïðîïåòðîâñüê³é îáëàñò³ — òàì ëèòîâñüê³ ôàõ³âö³ ïëàíóþòü ïðàöþâàòè ç óêðà¿íñüêèìè àãðàð³ÿìè â ãîñïîäàðñòâàõ, äå ïëîù³ ïåðåâèùóþòü 120 òèñÿ÷ ãåêòàð³â, ïîºäíóþ÷è òåõí³êó, òåõíîëîã³¿, ñòâîðþþ÷è íîâ³ ðîáî÷³ ì³ñöÿ â óêðà¿íñüêîìó ñåë³. ²íøèé âàæëèâèé íàïðÿìîê âçàºìîâèã³äíîãî ñï³âðîá³òíèöòâà — åíåðãîçáåðåæåííÿ. Ìè ïðîïîíóºìî óêðà¿íñüêèì ïàðòíåðàì íîâ³òí³ òåõíîëîã³¿ îïàëåííÿ íåâåëèêèõ ì³ñò; òåõíîëîã³¿, ÿê³ äîçâîëÿþòü çíà÷íî çíèçèòè âèòðàòè êîìóíàëüíèõ ³ ïðèâàòíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ, à òàêîæ çìåíøèòè âàðò³ñòü îïëàòè çà êîðè-

ñòóâàííÿ êîìóíàëüíèìè ïîñëóãàìè äëÿ íàñåëåííÿ. Ç³ âïðîâàäæåííÿ òàêèõ òåõíîëîã³é ëèòîâñüê³ á³çíåñìåíè ïðàöþþòü ³ â Àðòåì³âñüêó íà Äîíå÷÷èí³, äå ìàþòü ïîâíå âçàºìîðîçóì³ííÿ ç ì³ñöåâîþ âëàäîþ. Ïîâ÷àëüíèì º ïðèêëàä á³çíåñìåí³â ³ç Êëàéïåäè, ÿê³ ïðèéøëè â Çàïîð³çüêó îáëàñòü, ó ì³ñòî Ïîëîãè ç íàñåëåííÿì, ëåäâå á³ëüøèì çà äâàäöÿòü òèñÿ÷. Öå ï³ëîòíèé ïðîåêò, àëå â³í ïîêàçàâ ð³âåíü åêîíîì³÷íîñò³ ïðîïîíîâàíèõ òåõíîëîã³é. Òàê, åêîíîì³ÿ ãàçó ñêëàëà 60%, åëåêòðîåíåðã³¿ — 300%, âîäè — 400%. Êð³ì òîãî, íàø³ á³çíåñìåíè âïðîâàäèëè é ñó÷àñíó ñèñòåìó îáë³êó. Àëå âèÿâèëîñÿ, ùî öå íîâîââåäåííÿ ïðîáèâàº ñîá³ äîðîãó äóæå âàæêî — ãîðîäÿíè çâèêëè íå ïëàòèòè çà òåïëî. Ó íàñ ó Ëèòâ³ òåæ óñïàäêóâàëè öþ ïîñòêîìóí³ñòè÷íó ñèñòåìó íåïëàòåæ³â, àëå ñüîãîäí³ âæå âäàºòüñÿ öþ ïðîáëåìó ïîäîëàòè. Â³ðþ, ùî é Óêðà¿íà â íàéáëèæ÷îìó ìàéáóòíüîìó, ðóõàþ÷èñü øëÿõîì ºâðî³íòåãðàö³¿, òàê ñàìî çóì³º ïîçáóòèñÿ òàêèõ ïðîáëåì ó êîìóíàëüíîìó ñåêòîð³ åêîíîì³êè. Ïðîïîíîâàí³ íàìè òåõíîëîã³¿ ìîæóòü çíà÷íî ñêîðîòèòè ñïîæèâàííÿ ãàçó çà

ðàõóíîê âèêîðèñòàííÿ äëÿ îá³ãð³âó êîòåëåíü… óêðà¿íñüêîãî ïðîäóêòó, ÿêèé äîñ³ íàâ³òü íå áðàâñÿ äî óâàãè, íàñàìïåðåä ó òåõíîëîã³÷íîìó ïëàí³, — ñîëîìè. Íà îêîëèöÿõ ì³ñòà Ïîëîãè òàêî¿ ïàëèâíî¿ ñèðîâèíè íàêîïè÷óâàëîñÿ ùîðîêó äî 80 òèñÿ÷ òîíí! Ùå îäèí ïåðñïåêòèâíèé íàïðÿìîê íàøî¿ ñï³âïðàö³ — áóä³âíèöòâî. Óêðà¿íñüê³ çîä÷³ âèçíàþòü, ùî ¿õí³ ëèòîâñüê³ êîëåãè â ãàëóç³ áóä³âåëüíèõ òåõíîëîã³é ³ îðãàí³çàö³¿ ïðàö³ «âèðâàëèñÿ» ðîê³â íà ï’ÿòü óïåðåä. Ñïîä³âàþñÿ, íàïåðåäîäí³ ªâðî–2012 íàø³ óêðà¿íñüê³ ïàðòíåðè çâåðíóòü óâàãó íà ëèòîâñüêèé äîñâ³ä, ìåíåäæìåíò, ñó÷àñí³ òåõíîëîã³¿ òà ìàòåð³àëè. Íå ìîæó íå â³äçíà÷èòè é ïðèâàáëèâ³ñòü ëèòîâñüêîãî äîñâ³äó â ñôåð³ ïðîãðàìóâàííÿ òà åëåêòðîí³êè. Íàñàìïåðåä, öå ïðîãðàìè «Åëåêòðîííèé óðÿä», «Åëåêòðîííå ñàìîâðÿäóâàííÿ». Âîíè ñïðÿìîâàí³ íà åôåêòèâíèé îáë³ê äåðæàâíîãî é ì³ñüêîãî ìàéíà, äëÿ êåðóâàííÿ ïîäàòêàìè, äëÿ çàáåçïå÷åííÿ «ºäèíîãî â³êíà» â ð³çíèõ ì³í³ñòåðñòâàõ ³ â³äîìñòâàõ. Òàê³ ïðîãðàìè ìè âæå âïðîâàäèëè ó Â³ëüíþñ³, ó äåÿêèõ ³íøèõ ì³ñòàõ Ëèòâè.

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

— Ïàíå Ïîñîë, ÷è íå ìîãëè á Âè íàçâàòè ïðèêëàäè íàéá³ëüø óñï³øíîãî ñï³âðîá³òíèöòâà ëèòîâñüêèõ ³ óêðà¿íñüêèõ á³çíåñìåí³â? — Ëèòâà óñï³øíî ïðîäàº Óêðà¿í³ âèñîêîÿê³ñíèé áåíçèí, ìåáë³, õîëîäèëüíèêè é áåçë³÷ ³íøèõ òîâàð³â. Àëå ö³êàâ³øå áóäå ïîãîâîðèòè íå ïðî òîðã³âëþ, à ïðî âäàëå ³íâåñòóâàííÿ. Ó íàñ º îäíà ³ñòîð³ÿ, ÿêó ìîæíà íàçâàòè ³ñòîð³ºþ óñï³õó ëèòîâñüêèõ ³íâåñòîð³â. Ìàþ íà óâàç³ ïðàêòèêó ñòâîðåííÿ êîìïàí³¿ «Ñàíäîðà». Êîìïàí³þ ñòâîðåíî 1995 ðîêó, é îò óæå ïðîòÿãîì 13 ðîê³â âîíà º ë³äåðîì óêðà¿íñüêîãî ðèíêó ñîê³â. Çà äàíèìè íåçàëåæíèõ äîñë³äæåíü, íà ÷àñòêó ïðîäàæ³â êîìïàí³¿ «Ñàíäîðà» ïðèïàäàº áëèçüêî 47% âñ³õ îáñÿã³â ðîçäð³áíèõ ïðîäàæ³â ñîê³â, íåêòàð³â ³ íàïî¿â â Óêðà¿í³. Öå íàñë³äîê ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó êîìïàí³¿, óäîñêîíàëåííÿ âèðîáíè÷èõ ïðîöåñ³â, ðîçðîáëåííÿ íîâèõ âèä³â ïðîäóêò³â, à òàêîæ âèêîðèñòàííÿ ïåðåäîâèõ òåõíîëîã³é. «Ñàíäîðó» ñòâîðþâàëè äâîº äîâîë³ ìîëîäèõ á³çíåñìåí³â ç Â³ëüíþñà: ïî÷èíàëè ç ìàëîãî — ç çàíåäáàíîãî ìàëåíüêîãî çàâîäèêà, àëå ìàëè ôàíòàç³þ é çàâçÿò³ñòü — îñü òàê ³ ñòâîðèëè îäíó ç íàéá³ëüøèõ êîìïàí³é â Óêðà¿í³, êîìïàí³é ñâ³òîâîãî ð³âíÿ ç âèðîáíèöòâà ñîê³â ³ íåêòàð³â. Òîðãîâåëüí³ ïðåäñòàâíèöòâà ÒÎÂ «Ñàíäîðà» îáñëóãîâóþòü á³ëüøó ÷àñòèíó òåðèòîð³¿ Óêðà¿íè. Êîìïàí³ÿ åêñïîðòóº 25% ñâîº¿ ïðîäóêö³¿, ùî ñòàíîâèòü ïîíàä 67% âñåóêðà¿íñüêîãî åêñïîðòó ñîê³â. Ñàíäîð³âñüê³ ñîêè ïðåäñòàâëåíî â á³ëüø ÿê 20 êðà¿íàõ ñâ³òó: ÑØÀ, Âåëèêîáðèòàí³¿, Í³ìå÷÷èí³, Øâåö³¿, ²çðà¿ë³, Ãðåö³¿, Ïîëüù³, Êàíàä³ òîùî. ²íäåêñ âï³çíàâàíîñò³ ïðîäóêö³¿ «Ñàíäîðè» ó ñïîæèâà÷³â ñòàíîâèòü 90%. Öå íàéâèùèé ïîêàçíèê ñåðåä âñ³õ âèðîáíèê³â ñîê³â ³ ñîêîâî¿ ïðîäóêö³¿ â Óêðà¿í³. Ùîïðàâäà, ð³ê òîìó âîíè ïðîäàëè ñâîþ êîìïàí³þ àìåðèêàíñüê³é «Ïåïñèêî», àëå ìåíå ò³øèòü, ùî êàï³òàëè â³ä ïðîäàæó çàëèøèëèñÿ â Óêðà¿í³ ÿê íîâ³ ³íâåñòèö³éí³ ïðîåêòè. — Íà Âàø ïîãëÿä, ÿêèì ÷èíîì ³ì³äæ êðà¿íè â ì³æíàðîäíîìó ñï³âòîâàðèñòâ³ ìîæå âïëèíóòè íà ¿¿ ³íâåñòèö³éíó ïðèâàáëèâ³ñòü? — Óêðà¿íó ñüîãîäí³ çíàþòü ó ªâðîï³ ÿê äåðæàâó ç äàâíüîþ é äóõîâíî áàãàòîþ ³ñòîð³ºþ. Çíàþòü, ùî â Óêðà¿í³ æèâóòü

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ïðèâ³òí³ é òàëàíîâèò³ ëþäè, ùî Óêðà¿íà — öå êðà¿íà íåïîâòîðíèõ ó ñâî¿é êðàñ³ ïðèðîäíèõ ëàíäøàôò³â, ì³ñò ³ ñ³ë. Áåçóìîâíî, ³íîçåìí³ á³çíåñìåíè ÷åêàþòü â Óêðà¿í³ ñïðèÿòëèâ³øîãî ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî êë³ìàòó. ² ÿ ïåâåí, ùî ï³ñëÿ âñòóïó Óêðà¿íè äî ÑÎÒ óìîâè äëÿ âåäåííÿ á³çíåñó íàáëèæàòèìóòüñÿ äî òèõ, äî ÿêèõ ìè çâèêëè â ªâðîï³. — ² îñòàííº çàïèòàííÿ — ùîäî íàøîãî æóðíàëó. Çàâäàííÿ «²ì³äæ.ua» — ôîðìóâàííÿ ïîçèòèâíîãî ì³æíàðîäíîãî ³ì³äæó Óêðà¿íè. Íà Âàø ïîãëÿä, ÷è ïîòð³áí³ òàê³ âèäàííÿ, ÿê³ ïðîïàãóþòü òå êðàùå, ÷îãî äîñÿãëà êðà¿íà çà ðîêè íåçàëåæíîñò³, ùî çðîáëåíî, ùî ìè ùå çðîáèìî íà øëÿõó â ðîäèíó öèâ³ë³çîâàíèõ äåðæàâ?.. — Äóìàþ, òàê³ âèäàííÿ ïðîñòî íåîáõ³äí³. Âîíè ïîêàçóþòü íàì ðåàëüí³ çäîáóòêè Óêðà¿íè, âîíè â³äêðèâàþòü äëÿ íàñ êðà¿íó í³áè «çñåðåäèíè», íåíàâ’ÿçëèâî, àëå ïåðåêîíëèâî. Íàì ö³êàâ³ âàø³ óñï³õè,

ìè ùèðî ïåðåæèâàºìî, êîëè ó âàñ ïðîáëåìè é íåâäà÷³. Àëå ãîëîâíå, ùî ñüîãîäí³ âæå âñ³ çðîçóì³ëè: Óêðà¿íà — öå íåâ³ää³ëüíà ÷àñòèíà ªâðîïè, ºâðîïåéñüêî¿ ³ñòîð³¿ ³ ºâðîïåéñüêî¿ ñó÷àñíîñò³. — Äÿêóºìî Âàì çà ö³êàâå é çì³ñòîâíå ³íòåðâ’þ. ²íòåðâ’þ ïðîâ³â Ñåðã³é ÄÅÍÈÑÅÍÊÎ.

Algirdas KUMZA

‘Ukraine is an integral part of Europe, European history and the European present.’ Algirdas Kumza has been an extraordinary representative ambassador of the Lithuanian Republic in Ukraine since February 2006. It’s interesting for our readers to know that Mr Kumza had been the president of the Taras Shevchenko Fund in Lithuania from 1999 to 2006. The aim of this fund is the development of scientific and cultural connections between Lithuania and Ukraine. Mr Kumza, what can you say about the level of relations between The Lithuanian Republic and Ukraine today. The politicians and diplomats of our countries have achieved a lot recently. Particularly I’d like to emphasize the role of the presidents — Valdas Adamkus and Victor Yushchenko. During the visit of the president of Ukraine to Vilnius this summer our countries were confirmed as being strategic partners. This is the higher level of diplomatic and political relationships. It’s supported by the institutions created in our countries in order to make deeper mutually beneficial connections between Lithuania and Ukraine — Presidential and Inter governmental Soviets, Three nations (Poland, Ukraine and Lithuania) inter parliamentary Assembly etc… Economical cooperation is considered to be one of the main directions in the relationships with Ukraine. We are always happy to receive investment offers. The Lithuanian business in its turn

copes with the Ukrainian market especially recently. I’d like to emphasize: we began to work seriously with Ukrainian enterprises in such important areas as energy saving which means putting up-to-date saving systems for energy supplies. Our relationships also develop successfully on the cultural level. The year of Lithuanian culture is held now in Ukraine, about seventy different events — concerts, exhibitions and creative meetings took place during this last year. Do you recommend that the Lithuanian businessman should work more actively in the Ukrainian market? I not only recommend it but I would also acquaint them with the peculiarities of the Ukrainian market. I advise not to quit after every failure. It’s not a secret that a business can be faced with obstacles of a subjective character when the irresponsible position of bureaucrats and not the laws prevent you from doing business.

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

If we understood you correctly, is the Ukrainian market attractive to Lithuanian investors? In my opinion the Ukrainian market with its scale is one of the biggest in Eastern Europe. But from the point of view of investment attractiveness there is a lot of work here. Lithuania is a traditionally agricultural area. When we entered the European Union we have, of course been enriched with new approaches and technologies of agricultural production. In this sector a lot has been done and we share these innovations with our partners. Our businessmen study the Ukrainian market of agricultural production very attentively. Lithuanian farmers rent land in Ukraine from 5-20,000 hectares and such a scale for Lithuanian investors is not only interesting but inspiring. Lithuanians bring selected seeds, modern agricultural technology and receive higher results. Ukrainians seek advice from our businessmen on agricultural production enriched with modern European technologies. Now a mutually beneficial agro-industrial alliance in Dnipropetrovsk region has been created Lithuanian specialists are going to work with Ukrainian farmers of more than 120,000 hectares combining techniques and technologies and creating new working places in Ukrainian villages. Another important direction of mutually beneficial cooperation is energy saving. We offer to our Ukrainian partners

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new technologies for the heating of towns; these technologies reduce the expenses of municipal and private enterprises and too decrease prices of public utilities. With the implementation of these technologies Lithuanian businessmen work in Artemivsk in Donetsk region where they have a full mutual understanding with local authorities. The example of a businessman from Klaypeda who came to Zaporisha region to the town of Pologi with a population of not much over 20,000 is instructive. This is a pilot project but it has shown the economical level of the technologies on offer. So the saving on gas was 60%, on electricity 300% and water 400%. Also our businessman began a modern system of registration. It was later discovered that this new method was unacceptable since the citizens previously hadn’t paid for their energy. Lithuanians also inherited this post communistic system of non-payment but today we manage to overcome this problem. I believe that Ukraine in the near future will move to Euro integration and will be able to get rid of these problems in the municipal sector of its economy. The technologies on offer can significantly reduce gas consumption owing to their use of heating from boiler houses… of the Ukrainian product which was ignored until now, mainly in technology, straw. About 80,000 tons of this is gathered outside Pologi every year.

worked hard and in this way they created one of the biggest companies in Ukraine. A world class company of juice and nectar producers. Trade representatives of ‘Sandora Ltd’ service the majority of Ukraine. The company exports 25% of its products which is over 67% of total Ukrainian juice exports. The juices of ‘Sandora’ have been introduced in more than 20 countries throughout the world; the USA, Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, Israel, Greece, Poland, Canada and others. The index of recognition of its products among consumers is 90%. This is the highest level among the juice producers of Ukraine. A year ago they sold the company to the American Pepsico but I’m happy that the money from the sale remained in Ukraine as new investment projects. How do you think, how can the image of the country internationally influence on its investment attractiveness?

Mr Ambassador, could you name some examples of the most successful cooperation between Ukrainian and Lithuanian businessmen?

Another prospective direction of our cooperation is building. Ukrainian architects admit that their Lithuanian colleagues in the sphere of building technologies are better. I hope that before the year 2012 our Ukrainian partners will pay attention to the Lithuanian experience, management, modern technologies and materials. I’d like to say about the attractiveness of the Lithuanian experience in the sphere of programming and electronics. First of all there are the programs ‘electronic government’ and ‘electronic self government’. They are directed toward the effective registration of State and Urban property for conducting taxes and providing ‘one window’ in different ministries. Such programs already work in Vilnius and in some other cities of Lithuania.

Lithuania successfully sells high quality petrol, furniture, refrigerators and many other products here in Ukraine. It’s more interesting to talk not about trade but about successful investment. We have one story that we can tell «the story of the success of the Lithuanian investors.’ What I mean is the practice of creating the company ‘Sandora’ The company was created in 1995 and it has been a leader in the Ukrainian juice market for thirteen years. According to independent research Sandora now has 47% of the Ukrainian market share of Juices and beverages. It’s the result of the innovative development of the company the improvement of production processes, launching new products and using new technologies. ‘Sandora’ was created by two youngish businessmen from Vilnius and they, from small beginnings, had a dream and

Today Ukraine is known in Europe as a country with an ancient and rich history. It’s known that the people are both amiable and talented and that Ukraine is a country of unique beauty, its cities, villages and scenery. Of course foreign businessmen are waiting for more suitable investment climate in Ukraine. I’m sure; now that Ukraine has joined the WTO the conditions for business will become more «European’ And finally, about our magazine, our task is to promote a positive national image of Ukraine abroad. In your opinion, do we need such a magazine, which tells about the achievements we have made since independence, our future plans and hopes and tasks presently being undertaken on our way to joining the ‘family’ of civilized countries? I think such publications are necessary. They show us the real achievements of Ukraine and show for us the heart of the country, intrusive but persuasive. We’re interested in your success and we worry about your problems and failures. The most important thing is that today everybody understands that ‘Ukraine is an integral part of Europe, European history and the European present.’ Thank you for an interesting and informative interview. ²

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

Мікалоюс Чюрльоніс повертається до Києва Ó Íàö³îíàëüíîìó õóäîæíüîìó ìóçå¿ Óêðà¿íè åêñïîíóâàëèñÿ òâîðè æèâîïèñó ³ ãðàô³êè ãåí³àëüíîãî ëèòîâñüêîãî ìèòöÿ — êîìïîçèòîðà ³ õóäîæíèêà Ì³êàëîþñà Êîíñòàíò³íàñà ×þðëüîí³ñà (1875-1911). Âèñòàâêà â³äáóëàñÿ ï³ä ïàòðîíàòîì Ïðåçèäåíòà Ëèòîâñüêî¿ Ðåïóáë³êè Âàëäàñà Àäàìêóñà, ÿêèé âçÿâ ó÷àñòü ó ¿¿ â³äêðèòò³. Öå ñïðàâæí³é ïîäàðóíîê äëÿ ³ñòèííèõ ïîö³íîâóâà÷³â ìèñòåöòâà, îñê³ëüêè âîñòàííº òâîðè âèäàòíîãî ëèòîâñüêîãî õóäîæíèêà óêðà¿íñüêà ïóáë³êà íà âëàñí³ î÷³ ìîãëà ïîáà÷èòè ìàéæå ñòî ðîê³â òîìó, ó 1910 ðîö³. Æèâîïèñ Ì.Ê.×þðëüîí³ñà âèêëèêàº çàõîïëåííÿ åêñïåðò³â òà ëþáèòåë³â ìèñòåöòâà ç óñüîãî ñâ³òó. Éîãî âèñòàâêè ç âåëè÷åçíèì óñï³õîì ïðîõîäèëè â ãàëåðåÿõ Ïàðèæà, Òîê³î, Áåðë³íà, Ëîíäîíà, Ìîñêâè ³ Âàðøàâè. Âîíè áàæàí³ ó áàãàòüîõ êðà¿íàõ ñâ³òó, àëå íàðàç³ õóäîæí³ ðîáîòè ìèòöÿ çà êîðäîí âè¿çäÿòü íàäòî ð³äêî. Ðåñòàâðàòîðè çàáîðîíèëè ¿õ ïåðåâîçèòè ç êðà¿íè ÷å-

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

ðåç êðèõê³ñòü. Àëå â ðàìêàõ Äí³â êóëüòóðè Ëèòâà íàäàëà ïð³îðèòåò Óêðà¿í³ ³ äîçâîëèëà åêñïîíóâàòè ðîáîòè òàëàíîâèòîãî ìèòöÿ ó Êèºâ³. «Òâîð÷³ñòü ×þðëüîí³ñà — âàæëèâà ñòîð³íêà ³ñòîð³¿ ìèñòåöòâà ªâðîïè, — çàóâàæèëà â õîä³ óðî÷èñòîñòåé ç íàãîäè â³äêðèòòÿ âèñòàâêè àòàøå ç ïèòàíü êóëüòóðè Ëèòîâñüêî¿ Ðåñïóáë³êè â Óêðà¿í³ ³ Ãðóç³¿ Ãàáð³ºëå ÆÀÉÄ²ÒÅ. Â³í òâîðèâ íà ñòèêó äâîõ ìèñòåöòâ — ìóçèêè ³ æèâîïèñó, ãåíåðóþ÷è ñâ³é íåïîâòîðíèé ãàðìîí³éíèé ñâ³ò. Ñó÷àñíèêè íàçèâàëè õóäîæíèêà ìàéñòðîì íàòÿêó, ìåä³óìîì óÿâè. Â³í òâîðèâ ñâ³é âëàñíèé íåïîâòîðíèé ñâ³ò, ÿêîãî íå

³ñíóº â ðåàëüíîñò³, àëå â ÿêèé òàê õî÷åòüñÿ çàíóðèòèñÿ. Âèñòàâêà áóëà ö³êàâà ùå é òèì, ùî ïîðó÷ ç ðîáîòàìè Ì.Ê.×þðëüîí³ñà íà í³é áóëè ïðåäñòàâëåí³ é óí³êàëüí³ õóäîæí³ òà ãðàô³÷í³ ðîáîòè éîãî ñó÷àñíèê³â. Îðãàí³çàòîðè çàõîäó, à öå ïåðåäóñ³ì Íàäçâè÷àéíèé ³ Ïîâíîâàæíèé Ïîñîë Ëèòîâñüêî¿ Ðåñïóáë³êè â Óêðà¿í³ Àëüã³ðäàñ Êóìæà, ì³í³ñòð êóëüòóðè Ëèòâè Éîíàñ Þ÷³ñ, äèðåêòîð Êàóíàñüêîãî íàö³îíàëüíîãî õóäîæíüîãî ìóçåþ ×þðëüîí³ñà Îñâàëüäàñ Äàóãÿë³ñ, ì³í³ñòð êóëüòóðè ³ òóðèçìó Óêðà¿íè Âàñèëü Âîâêóí, ÿê³ äîêëàëè ÷èìàëî çóñèëü ³ âëàñíî¿ äóø³ â îðãàí³çàö³þ ³ ðåàë³çàö³þ öüîãî ïðîåêòó. Âèñòàâêà — öå ñèìâîë³÷íå çàïðîøåííÿ â³äâ³äàòè Ëèòâó ³ îçíàéîìèòèñÿ ç ¿¿ êóëüòóðîþ òà ìèñòåöòâîì áëèæ÷å. Òèì á³ëüøå, ùî ¿¿ ñòîëèöÿ, Â³ëüíþñ, öüîãîð³÷ îòðèìàº ñòàòóñ êóëüòóðíî¿ ñòîëèö³ ªâðîïè. Ìèðîñëàâà ÁÀÃÀÒÀ

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

Всі дороги ведуть в Україну ÅÍÅÐÃ²ÉÍÈÉ, ÍÀÏÎËÅÃËÈÂÈÉ, ÏÐÀÖÜÎÂÈÒÈÉ, ÏÐÈªÌÍÈÉ ÒÀ Â²ÄÊÐÈÒÈÉ Ó ÑÏ²ËÊÓÂÀÍÍ², ªÂÐÎÏÅªÖÜ ÇÀ ÏÎÕÎÄÆÅÍÍßÌ ² ÌÈÑËÅÍÍßÌ, ÙÈÐÈÉ ÄÐÓÃ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÑÜÊÎÃÎ ÍÀÐÎÄÓ — ÒÀÊÈÌ ª Â²ÄÎÌÈÉ ËÈÒÎÂÑÜÊÈÉ Á²ÇÍÅÑÌÅÍ ÐÎÁÅÐÒÀÑ ÃÀÁÓËÀÑ.

ðè¿õàâøè äî Óêðà¿íè, Ðîáåðòàñ ïðèâ³ç ³ç ñîáîþ «øìàòî÷îê» ªâðîïè ó âèãëÿä³ íîâ³òí³õ òåõíîëîã³é äîðîæíüîãî áóä³âíèöòâà, ÿê³ àêòèâíî âïðîâàäæóº íà Êè¿âùèí³ ïðîòÿãîì îñòàíí³õ ñåìè ðîê³â, î÷îëþþ÷è ÒÎÂ «Ñó÷àñí³ òåõíîëîã³¿ äîð³ã» («ÑÒÄ»). Çàñòîñóâàííÿ á³òóìíèõ åìóëüñ³é â³äêðèâàº óí³êàëüí³ ìîæëèâîñò³ çàõèñòó âåðõíüîãî øàðó àâòîìîá³ëüíèõ äîð³ã â³ä ñòàð³ííÿ âíàñë³äîê íåñïðèÿòëèâèõ ïîãîäíèõ óìîâ, ãàðàíòóº áåçïåêó ðóõó òà â³äíîâëåííÿ âîäîíåïðîíèêíîñò³ äîðîæíüîãî ïîêðèòòÿ. Îáðàçíî êàæó÷è, á³òóìí³ åìóëüñ³¿ — öå çàõèñí³ øàðè äëÿ ïîêðèòòÿ àâòîìîá³ëüíèõ äîð³ã. Åêñïåðòè íàçèâàþòü òðè âèçíà÷àëüí³ ôàêòîðè, ÿê³ âïëèâàþòü íà çá³ëüøåííÿ îáñÿã³â ¿õíüîãî âèêîðèñòàííÿ â äîðîæíüîìó ãîñïîäàðñòâ³. Ïî-ïåðøå, åêîíîì³÷í³ ïåðåâàãè — ìåíø³ êàï³òàëîâêëàäåííÿ â îáëàäíàííÿ, íèæ÷³ åíåðãîâèòðàòè. Âèñîêîÿê³ñí³ ðîáîòè ìîæíà ïðîâîäèòè, íå íàãð³âàþ÷è ìàòåð³àëè, ùî çàîùàäæóº ïîíàä 40 â³äñîòê³â åíåðã³¿ ïîð³âíÿíî ç «ãàðÿ÷èìè òåõíîëîã³ÿìè». Ïî-äðóãå, åêîëîã³÷íà áåçïåêà — íåìàº øê³äëèâèõ âèêèä³â â³ä ðîç÷èííèê³â ³ á³òóìó â àòìîñôåðó âíàñë³äîê òåïëîâî¿ ðåãåíåðàö³¿ ìàñè, à òàêîæ ðèçèêó âèáóõó ïðè òðàíñïîðòóâàíí³ é îáðîáö³ á³òóìíîãî ðîç÷èíó. Íàðåøò³, ïåðåâàãè òåõí³÷í³ — â³äêðèâàþòüñÿ óí³êàëüí³ ìîæëèâîñò³ ïåðåõîäó äî íîâèõ òåõíîëîã³é. Ïðèºìíî, ùî ñâîþ õîäó øëÿõàìè Óêðà¿íè íîâ³ äîðîæí³ òåõíîëîã³¿ ðîçïî÷àëè ñàìå ç³ ñòîëè÷íîãî ðåã³îíó. Äëÿ âèðîáíè÷èõ ïîòðåá ô³ðìà ïîáóäóâàëà ó ì³ñòå÷êó Âèøíåâîìó çàâîä ç âèðîáíèöòâà âîäíî-á³òóìíî¿ åìóëüñ³¿. Çãî-

äîì âèðîáíè÷à áàçà «ÑÒÄ» ñòàëà öåíòðîì ïðîâåäåííÿ âñåóêðà¿íñüêèõ ñåì³íàð³â ç âèâ÷åííÿ ïåðåäîâîãî äîñâ³äó ó âïðîâàäæåíí³ íîâèõ òåõíîëîã³é äëÿ âñ³õ óêðà¿íñüêèõ øëÿõîâèê³â. Ñèðîâèíó äëÿ âèðîáíèöòâà «Ñó÷àñí³ òåõíîëîã³¿ äîð³ã» çàâîçÿòü ç Ëèòâè ³ Øâåö³¿. Òîìó é ðåêîìåíäóþòü óñ³ì øëÿõîâèêàì ïðàöþâàòè ç ö³ºþ ô³ðìîþ, ÿêà ïðè âèðîáíèöòâ³ ïðîäóêö³¿ ñêðóïóëüîçíî äîòðèìóºòüñÿ óñ³õ òåõíîëîã³÷íèõ íîðì. À íà Êè¿âùèí³ øëÿõîâèêè âæå âñòèãëè íà ïðàêòèö³ â³ä÷óòè ïåðåâàãè íîâî¿ òåõíîëîã³¿. Êð³ì óæå íàçâàíèõ çðó÷íîñòåé, íàä³éíîñò³ òà åêîëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè, äî íèõ ìîæíà äîäàòè ï³äâèùåíó ñò³éê³ñòü äî ðóéíóâàíü — òàêîãî äîðîæíüîãî ïîêðèòòÿ âèñòà÷èòü, ì³í³ìóì, íà 3-4 ðîêè. ÒÎÂ «ÑÒÄ» íåîäíîðàçîâî âõîäèëî äî ÷èñëà êðàùèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ ãàëóç³ çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè íåçàëåæíèõ îö³íþâàíü, óäîñòîþâàëîñÿ ð³çíîìàí³òíèõ ïðåñòèæíèõ íàãîðîä. Òà ÷è íå íàéãîëîâí³øèì íàäáàííÿì ïàíà Ãàáóëàñà íà ïîñàä³ äèðåêòîðà «Ñó÷àñíèõ òåõíîëîã³é äîð³ã» º êîëåêòèâ ï³äïðèºìñòâà. Êåð³âíèê óïåâíåíèé ó âèñîêîìó ïðîôåñ³îíàë³çì³ òà â³äïîâ³äíèõ ìîðàëüíèõ ö³ííîñòÿõ êîæíîãî ç³ ñâî¿õ ïðàö³âíèê³â. Çàðàäè ñïðàâåäëèâîñò³ âàðòî çàóâàæèòè, ùî ä³ÿëüí³ñòü Ðîáåðòàñà Ãàáóëàñà íå îáìåæóºòüñÿ ëèøå âèðîáíèöòâîì ñó÷àñíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â äëÿ äîðîæíüîãî áóä³âíèöòâà. Àêòèâíî ñï³âïðàöþº ï³äïðèºìåöü ç ì³ñöåâîþ âëàäîþ, áåðå ó÷àñòü ó ðåàë³çàö³¿ ñîö³àëüíèõ ïðîãðàì, íàäàº äîïîìîãó â àñôàëüòóâàíí³ âóëèöü, áóäóº ñó÷àñí³ æèòëîâ³ áóäèíêè äëÿ ìåøêàíö³â Âèøíåâîãî, â ÿêîìó «ïðîïèñàëàñÿ» éîãî ô³ðìà ³ ç ÿêèì éîãî ïîâ’ÿçóþòü

áàãàòîð³÷í³ òåïë³ ñòîñóíêè. Îï³êóºòüñÿ Ð.Ãàáóëàñ ä³òüìè-³íâàë³äàìè, äîïîìàãàº ä³ÿ÷àì êóëüòóðè, ìèñòåöòâà òà ñïîðòó, ïîíàä ï³âì³ëüéîíà ãðèâåíü ïîæåðòâóâàâ íà çâåäåííÿ Õðàìó íà ÷åñòü ³êîíè Áîæî¿ Ìàòåð³ «Çíàéäåííÿ çàãèáëèõ» ó Êèºâî-Ñâÿòîøèíñüêîìó ðàéîí³. Ðîáåðòàñ Ãàáóëàñ áóâ ïåðåìîæöåì îáëàñíîãî òóðó Âñåóêðà¿íñüêîãî êîíêóðñó íà çâàííÿ «Êðàùèé ðîáîòîäàâåöü ðîêó», Óêðà¿íñüêà ïðàâîñëàâíà öåðêâà íàãîðîäæóâàëà éîãî îðäåíîì Ð³âíîàïîñòîëüíîãî êíÿçÿ Âîëîäèìèðà III ³ II ñòóïåí³â òà îðäåíîì Íåñòîðà Ë³òîïèñöÿ ²²² ³ II ñòóïåí³â, Íàö³îíàëüíèé á³çíåñ-ðåéòèíã óäîñòî¿â îðäåíîì Ìèêîëè ×óäîòâîðöÿ. Òîðãîâî-ïðîìèñëîâà ïàëàòà Óêðà¿íè íàãîðîäèëà éîãî äèïëîìîì «Ë³äåð ãàëóç³». Ïåðøèé ïðåçèäåíò Óêðà¿íè Ë.Êðàâ÷óê çà àêòèâíó ãðîìàäñüêó ä³ÿëüí³ñòü ïðèñâî¿â Ð.Ãàáóëàñó çâàííÿ «Ïî÷åñíèé ïîñîë Óêðà¿íè». Íåâ³ä’ºìíà ÷àñòèíà àêòèâíî¿ ãðîìàäÿíñüêî¿ ïîçèö³¿ Ðîáåðòàñà Ãàáóëàñà — ó÷àñòü â ðîáîò³ Ì³æíàðîäíîãî êîì³òåòó çàõèñòó ïðàâ ëþäèíè. ßê çàñòóïíèê ãîëîâè êîì³òåòó, êîì³ñàð äðóãîãî ðàíãó, â³í áàãàòî ðîáèòü äëÿ çàõèñòó ïðàâ ³ ñâîáîä ãðîìàäÿí â Óêðà¿í³ òà êðà¿íàõ Áàëò³¿, äîïîìàãàº âèð³øóâàòè ¿õí³ ïðîáëåìè. Îëåñÿ Ì²ÐÎØÍÈÊ

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

All Roads Lead to Ukraine THE FAMOUS LITHUANIAN BUSINESSMAN ROBERTAS GABULAS IS ENERGETIC, PERSISTENT, INDUSTRIOUS, AMIABLE AND OPEN TO COMMUNICATION, EUROPEAN FOR HIS ORIGIN AND WAY OF THINKING AND A SINCERE FRIEND OF THE UKRAINIAN NATION.

aving come to Ukraine, Robertas, who now heads LTD «Modern Technologies of Roads» («MTR») brought with him, as «a part» of Europe, up-to-date technologies for building roads, which have been actively introduced by him in the Kyiv Region for the last 7 years. The use of bitumen emulsions opens unique opportunities for the protection of the upper layer of the roads from ageing due to bad weather conditions, guarantees safe movement and renovation of the waterproofing of road surfacing. To put it simply, the bitumen emulsions are protective layers for road surfacing. Experts name three main factors which influence on road economy. Firstly, there are economical advantages less capital investment in equipment and less energy expended. High-quality works can be performed without the heating of materials which uses 40 per cent less energy than «hot technologies». Secondly, ecological security there are no toxic waste of solvents and bitumen in the atmosphere owing to heat regeneration of mass and no risks of explosion during transportation and processing of the bitumen mortar(solution). Finally, there are technical advantages unique possibilities of a transition to new technologies are opened.

It is nice, that the new technologies for roads began on the Ukrainian roads from Kyiv Region. The company built a factory for producing water-bitumen emulsions in the town Vyshneve. Then the producing base «MTR» became the centre for the holding of all Ukrainian seminars of training for the introduction of the new technologies to all Ukrainian road-builders. Raw materials are brought by «Modern Technologies of Roads» from Lithuania and Sweden. That’s why all road-builders are recommended to work with this company, whose production keeps scrupulously to all technological standards. And in Kyiv Region road-builders have already felt the advantages of the new technology. In addition to these conveniences, safety and ecologically secure, it is very tough this road surfacing will last for at least 3-4 years. LTD «MTR» was often rated as one of the best enterprises in the sphere according to the results of independent estimations and won various popular awards. But one of the main achievements of Mr. Gabulas as a director of «Modern Technologies of Roads» is the staff of the enterprise. The director is sure of high professionalism and moral values of every one of his workers.

It also should be mentioned, that the work of Robertas Gabulas is not limited only to producing modern materials for road building. The businessman collaborates actively with the local authority, takes part in creating social programs, helps to asphalt the roads and builds modern apartment blocks for the inhabitants of Vyshneve. R.Gabulas helps invalid children, agents of culture, art and sport, he donated more than a half of a million UAH to build a Temple to honor the icon of God’s Mother «Finding of Perished» in Kyevo-Sviatoshynskyi district. Robertas Gabulas has won the regional tour of the whole Ukrainian contest «The Best Employer of the Year», the Ukrainian Orthodox Church conferred a decoration upon Prince Volodymyr of III and II degrees and Nestor the Chronicler (Annalist) of III and II degrees, the National business-rating conferred an award upon Mykola Miracle-Worker. The Trade-industrial Chamber (of Commerce) awarded him with the diploma «Leader of the Sphere». The first president of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk named Gabulas for his civil activity «The Ambassador of Honor in Ukraine». An important part of the active civil position of Robertas Gabulas is taking part in the work of The International Committee of Defence of People’s Rights. As a vice-chairman, a commissar of the second rank he does a lot for defence of people’s rights in Ukraine and the Baltic countries and helps to solve their problems. Olesia MIROSHNYK

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

Про тісну співпрацю і не тільки...

Â³äíîñèíè Óêðà¿íè é Ëèòâè áàãàòî â ÷îìó óí³êàëüí³. Íàø³ íàðîäè ïîâ’ÿçóº áàãàòîâ³êîâà ³ñòîð³ÿ, ùî áåðå ñâ³é ïî÷àòîê ùå ç ÷àñ³â Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî. Ç Ëèòâîþ ïåâíîþ ì³ðîþ ïîâ’ÿçàí³ ³ìåíà áàãàòüîõ âèäàòíèõ óêðà¿íö³â — Ìåëåò³ÿ Ñìîòðèöüêîãî, ßêîâà Ãîëîâàöüêîãî é, íàðåøò³, Òàðàñà Øåâ÷åíêà. Íèí³ ó Ëèòâ³ ïðîæèâàº 21 òèñÿ÷à åòí³÷íèõ óêðà¿íö³â.

ßê ñòðàòåã³÷íå ïàðòíåðñòâî âè-çíà÷åíî óêðà¿íñüêî-ëèòîâñüê³ ñòîñóíêè íà íàéâèùîìó ð³âí³. Ëèòâà ï³äòðèìóº Óêðà¿íó íà øëÿõó ¿¿ ºâðî³íòåãðàö³¿. ² öÿ ï³äòðèìêà ìàº íå ëèøå ïîë³òè÷íèé, à é ïðàêòè÷íèé õàðàêòåð. Íàïðèêëàä, òîð³ê áóëî ðåàë³çîâàíî äâàíàäöÿòü ñï³ëüíèõ ïðîåêò³â, ó ðàìêàõ ÿêèõ ëèòîâñüê³ ïîñàäîâö³ îáì³íþâàëèñÿ ñâî¿ì ºâðîäîñâ³äîì ç óêðà¿íñüêèìè êîëåãàìè. Äèíàì³÷íîþ ñêëàäîâîþ â³äíîñèí ì³æ

íàøèìè äåðæàâàìè º òîðãîâåëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íà ñï³âïðàöÿ, îñîáëèâî àêòèâíî ðîçâèâàºòüñÿ ³íâåñòèö³éíà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü. Íà òåðèòîð³¿ Óêðà¿íè çàðåºñòðîâàíî 220 ï³äïðèºìñòâ ç ëèòîâñüêèì êàï³òàëîì. Àëå íàéïåðñïåêòèâí³øèìè íàïðÿìàìè ââàæàºòüñÿ åíåðãåòèêà ³ òðàíñïîðò. Ó ö³é öàðèí³ íàø³ ³íòåðåñè ïîâí³ñòþ çá³ãàþòüñÿ. Óêðà¿íà, ÿê ³ Ëèòâà, ïðàãíå åíåðãåòè÷íî¿ áåçïåêè, äèâåðñèô³êàö³¿ äæåðåë åíåðãîðåñóðñ³â, ïðèºäíàííÿ äî çàãàëüíîºâðîïåéñüêî¿ åíåðãîñèñòåìè. Óêðà¿íà äóæå çàö³êàâëåíà ó ïðàêòè÷íîìó âèêîðèñòàíí³ äîñâ³äó Ëèòâè ç ïèòàíü åíåðãîçáåðåæåííÿ òà àëüòåðíàòèâíèõ äæåðåë åíåðã³¿. Âò³ì îñíîâí³ àêöåíòè ñï³ëüíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ñòîðîíè ðîçñòàâèëè ï³ä ÷àñ Â³ëüíþñüêîãî é Êè¿âñüêîãî åíåðãåòè÷íèõ ñàì³ò³â, à òàêîæ ó õîä³ â³çèòó Ïðåçèäåíòà Óêðà¿íè Â³êòîðà Þùåíêà äî Ëèòîâñüêî¿ Ðåñïóáë³êè, â ðàìêàõ ÿêîãî áóëî ï³äïèñàíî Ìåìîðàíäóì ïðî ñï³âïðàöþ â ãàëóç³ åíåðãåòèêè. Óïåâíåíî ìîæíà ñêàçàòè, ùî íèí³ çàêëàäåíî ì³öíó îñíîâó äëÿ ðîçâèòêó óêðà¿íñüêî-ëèòîâñüêîãî ñï³âðîá³òíèöòâà. Ïðî òå, ÿê ñüîãîäí³ ïðàöþºòüñÿ ëèòîâñüêèì êîìïàí³ÿì â Óêðà¿í³, íàøà ðîçìîâà ç ïðåçèäåíòîì ÒÎÂ «Ãàçòåïëîåíåðãî» ïàíîì Ñàóëþñîì ÅÍÄÐÞØÊÀ.

— Ïàíå Ñàóëþñå, «Ãàçòåïëîåíåðãî» — ïðèâàòíà åíåðãîñåðâ³ñíà êîìïàí³ÿ, ÿêà ïðàöþº â Óêðà¿í³ ç ³íîçåìíèìè ³íâåñòèö³ÿìè. Âàøà êîìïàí³ÿ çàðåêîìåíäóâàëà ñåáå ÿê ïîâàæíà á³çíåññòðóêòóðà, ùî ïîºäíóº ºâðîïåéñüê³ ö³ííîñò³ ç íàö³îíàëüíèìè òðàäèö³ÿìè. Ñüîãîäí³ ïîáóòóº äóìêà, ùî òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ — öå ñóö³ëüí³ çáèòêè, ïðèíàéìí³, òàê ñòâåðäæóþòü ó ì³í³ñòåðñòâ³ ÆÊÃ. Íà Âàøó äóìêó, ÷è ìîæå òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ áóòè ïðèáóòêîâîþ ñïðàâîþ?

— Òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ ó êðà¿íàõ ªâðîñîþçó äàâíî ñòàëî ïðèáóòêîâèì á³çíåñîì, çàéìàòèñÿ ÿêèì âèã³äíî ³ ïðåñòèæíî. Ó êðà¿íàõ ç ïåðåõ³äíîþ åêîíîì³êîþ, äî ÿêèõ, äî ðå÷³, íàëåæèòü ³ Óêðà¿íà, âîíî ìîæå çàáåçïå÷óâàòè åôåêòèâíå é åêîëîã³÷íå åíåðãîçáåðåæåííÿ íåâåëèêèõ íàñåëåíèõ ïóíêò³â òà ö³ëèõ ì³ñò. Íàøà êîìïàí³ÿ çàéìàºòüñÿ ïîñòà÷àííÿì íîâîãî åôåêòèâíîãî åíåðãîîùàäíîãî îáëàäíàííÿ äëÿ êîìóíàëüíîãî ãîñïîäàðñòâà, âîäîêàíàë³â, çîêðåìà áóä³âíèöòâîì òà åêñïëóàòàö³ºþ

êîòåëåíü. Çàãàëîì, ÿ ïåðåêîíàíèé, öåíòðàë³çîâàíå òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ ìàº âåëèê³ ïåðåâàãè, îñê³ëüêè º íàéá³ëüø åêîëîã³÷íî áåçïå÷íèì, à çàâäÿêè âïðîâàäæåííþ ñèñòåì êîãåíåðàö³¿ ñóêóïí³ âèêèäè äâîîêèñó âóãëåöþ ó êðà¿íàõ, ÿê³ íàäàþòü ïåðåâàãó ñàìå òàêîìó âèäó îïàëåííÿ, çíèçèëèñÿ íà òðè-÷îòèðè â³äñîòêè. Öåé ïîêàçíèê º íèæ÷èì çà âèìîãè Ê³îòñüêîãî ïðîòîêîëó, çã³äíî ç ÿêèì äîïóñòèìà íîðìà âèêèä³â ïàðíèêîâèõ ãàç³â ó ïðîìèñëîâî ðîçâèíóòèõ êðà¿íàõ ñòàíîâèòü ï’ÿòü â³äñîòê³â.

Ñàóëþñ ÅÍÄÐÞØÊÎ Ïðåçèäåíò ÂÀÒ «Ãàçòåïëîåíåðãî» Sauljus ENDRJUSHKO the president of the LLC «Gazteploenergo»

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

— À ùî, íà Âàøó äóìêó, ïîòð³áíî äëÿ ïîâíîö³ííîãî ðîçâèòêó ñèñòåìè öåíòðàëüíîãî òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ? ² âçàãàë³, ùî òàêå ñó÷àñíå ÖÒ? — Ñó÷àñíå ÖÒ — öå åôåêòèâíà ñèñòåìà, ÿêà âèêîðèñòîâóº åíåðãîîùàäí³ òåõíîëîã³¿ ³ õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ ãíó÷ê³ñòþ ïðè ïåðåõîä³ ç îäíîãî âèäó ïàëèâà íà ³íøå. Âîíà ìàº áóòè çäàòíîþ ïîêðèâàòè ïîòî÷í³ âèòðàòè, ïåðåäáà÷àòè âèòðàòè íà çàì³íó îáëàäíàííÿ ³ ïîâåðíåííÿ ³íâåñòèö³é. ¯é ïðèòàìàíí³ âèñîêèé ð³âåíü ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ é óïðàâë³ííÿ ñèñòåìàìè òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ, êîíêóðåíòí³ñòü ïîð³âíÿíî ç ³íøèìè âèäàìè ïîñòà÷àííÿ, ïðîçîð³ñòü òàðèô³â, çàõèñò ñïîæèâà÷à â³ä íåîá´ðóíòîâàíî çàâèùåíèõ ö³í. Íàïðèêëàä, ó Ô³íëÿíä³¿ ÷è Øâåö³¿, äå ñïîæèâà÷ ìàº ïðàâî ñàì îáèðàòè íåîáõ³äíèé éîìó òèï îïàëåííÿ, ïåðåâàãà íàäàºòüñÿ ñàìå öåíòðàëüíîìó òåïëîïîñòà÷àííþ — ÷åðåç çðó÷í³ñòü ó êîðèñòóâàíí³ òà äîâîë³ ïðèâàáëèâ³ ö³íè. Àëå äëÿ ïîâíîö³ííîãî ðîçâèòêó áóäüÿêîãî ïðîåêòó ïîòð³áíà àäåêâàòíà åêîíîì³÷íà ïîë³òèêà, ÿêà ìàº ñòàòè ÷àñòèíîþ çàãàëüíî¿ åíåðãåòè÷íî¿ ñòðàòåã³¿ äåðæàâè, ñïðèÿþ÷è ïðèòîêó ³íâåñòèö³é. — ßê íàâ÷èòèñÿ ðàö³îíàëüíî ñïîæèâàòè ãàç? Â óìîâàõ ãëîáàëüíîãî ïîòåïë³ííÿ öå ïèòàííÿ çàëèøàºòüñÿ äóæå àêòóàëüíèì, íå êàæó÷è âæå ïðî ìîæëèâå ï³äâèùåííÿ ö³íè íà åíåðãîíîñ³¿, ÿêîãî î÷³êóþòü óêðà¿íö³ ó íîâîìó ðîö³. — ×èì øâèäøå ïðèïèíÿòüñÿ ñïåêóëÿö³¿ íàâêîëî äåøåâîãî ãàçó çà íåðèíêîâîþ ö³íîþ, òèì ë³ïøå. Òðåáà óñâ³äîìèòè, ùî ö³íó âñòàíîâëþº ðèíîê. Òàê öå â³äáóâàºòüñÿ â ªâðîï³. ²íøà ð³÷, íå òðåáà áóòè âåëèêèì åêñïåðòîì, ùîáè ïîáà÷èòè, ÿê³ ³ñíóþòü ìîæëèâîñò³ íà êîæíîìó êðîö³ äëÿ åêîíîì³¿ äîðîãîãî ãàçó. Ñê³ëüêè éîãî ïðîñòî «âèë³òàº ó ïîâ³òðÿ»? Ñê³ëüêè éîãî âòðà÷àºòüñÿ ÷åðåç çàñòàð³ë³ òåõíîëîã³¿, âòðàòè íà òåïëîòðàñàõ, íåäáàë³ñòü ïåðåñ³÷íèõ êîðèñòóâà÷³â? Äëÿ ðàö³îíàëüí³øîãî âèêîðèñòàííÿ ãàçó, ñêàæ³ìî äëÿ öåíòðàë³çîâàíîãî òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ, ñë³ä çìåíøèòè âòðàòè ïðè âèãîòîâëåíí³, òðàíñïîðòóâàíí³ ³ ñïîæèâàíí³ òåïëîâî¿ åíåðã³¿. Íàÿâí³ åíåðãîîùàäí³ òåõíîëîã³¿ äîçâîëÿþòü çìåíøèòè ñïîæèâàííÿ òåïëîâî¿ åíåðã³¿ á³ëüø ÿê óäâ³÷³, ùî âåäå äî åêîíîì³¿ ïðèðîäíîãî ãàçó ³ íå ïðîâîêóº çðîñòàííÿ òàðèô³â íà òåïëîåíåðã³þ.

About close collaboration and not only… The relationship between Ukraine and Lithuania is unique in many respects. Our nations are connected by a centuries-old history, which started in the time of the Great Lithuanian Principality. Many names of outstanding Ukrainians are connected with Lithuania in some way: Meletij Smotruckuj, Jakov Golovackuj and of course Taras Shevchenko. Nowadays 21 thousand Ukrainians live in Lithuania. Ukrainian — Lithuanian relationships are determined as strategic partnership on the highest level. Lithuania supports Ukraine on its way to euro integration. This support has not only a strategic, but also a practical character. For example, twelve joint projects were completed last year, during which Lithuanian professionals exchanged their euro experiences with their Ukrainian colleagues. Trade and economic collaboration is a dynamic part of the relationships between our countries and investment activity, especially, develops very quickly. 220 enterprises with the Lithuanian capital are registered in the territory of Ukraine But power engineering and transport are supposed to be the most perspective directions. Our interests completely concur in this sphere. Both Ukraine and Lithuania aspire to energy safety, diversification of sources of energy resource and joining the all-European power system. Ukraine is really interested in using the experiences of Lithuania in energy saving and alternative power sources in practice. Both sides did the main accents of a joint venture during the Vilnius and Kyiv power summits, as well as during the visit of Victor Yushchenko the President of Ukraine to Lithuania, when a memorandum about the development of collaboration in the energy sphere was signed. We can say for sure that a great foundation has been already laid under Ukrainian— Lithuanian relationships. Now we will discuss the work of Lithuanian companies in Ukraine with Sauljus Endrjushko the president of the LLC «Gazteploenergo». — Mr. Sauljus, «Gazteploenergo» is a private energy servicing company, which works in Ukraine with an inward investment. Your company showed itself to be a reliable business-structure, which combines European values with national traditions. Nowadays people think that heat supply is a continuous loss, at least according to the words of the ministry of housing & municipal economy. What do you think? Can heat supply be a profitable business? — Heat supply in the countries of the European Union became a profitable business a long time ago, it is advantageous and prestigious to go in for it. It can ensure effective and

ecological energy saving in small settlements and cities of countries with a transition economy, including Ukraine. Our company supplies new effective energy saving equipment for the municipal economies, ‘âîäîêàíàë³â’, in particular builds and runs boiler houses. In general, I’m sure, that the central heat supply has great advantages, because it is the most environmentally sound and in the countries, where cogeneration systems were introduced, emission of carbon dioxide went down by 3-4%. This result is lower then the standards of the Kyoto protocol, according to which, an acceptable emission standard in industrially-developed countries is 5%.

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

Àëå äëÿ öüîãî òðåáà âêëàäàòè êîøòè â îíîâëåííÿ îñíîâíèõ ôîíä³â äåðæàâíèõ ³ ìóí³öèïàëüíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ. Â Óêðà¿í³ ÿêðàç äàºòüñÿ âçíàêè ñåðéîçíå çíîøåííÿ îáëàäíàííÿ. Íà áàëàíñ³ óêðà¿íñüêîãî æèòëîâî-êîìóíàëüíîãî ãîñïîäàðñòâà ïîíàä 60 òèñÿ÷ êîòë³â. ×âåðòü ç íèõ ìàþòü çíîøåí³ñòü, á³ëüøó çà ïðèïóñòèìèé òåðì³í åêñïëóàòàö³¿ (25 ðîê³â), ³, â³äïîâ³äíî, ¿õí³é êîåô³ö³ºíò êîðèñíî¿ ä³¿ º äóæå íèçüêèì. Öå ïåðøå. Çâè÷àéíî, ÿêùî äîêëàñòè çóñèëü, àáè ¿õ çàì³íèòè — öå âæå áóëà á â³ä÷óòíà åêîíîì³ÿ ãàçó. Àëå öå ùå íå âñå. Âçèìêó ìîæíà ïîáà÷èòè ö³ë³ «çèìîâ³ ñàäè», ÿê³ ðîñòóòü âçäîâæ òåïëîòðàñ. Öå ïðèêëàä òåïëà, ÿêå áåçäàðíî «âèë³òàº ó ïîâ³òðÿ». Ïî-äðóãå, äîïîêè ñïîæèâà÷³ íå áóäóòü ñïëà÷óâàòè ðèíêîâó ö³íó çà ãàç, âîíè í³êîëè íå çàìèñëþâàòèìóòüñÿ íàä òèì, ùî éîãî òðåáà áåðåãòè, ùî òåïëî â äîì³âö³ êîøòóº äóæå äîðîãî. Íàïðèêëàä, í³ìöÿ íå òðåáà äîâãî ïåðåêîíóâàòè â íåîáõ³äíîñò³ îùàäëèâîãî ñòàâëåííÿ äî òåïëà. Â³í ÷³òêî çíàº, ùî îäèí ì³ñÿöü íà ð³ê â³í ïðàöþº ëèøå äëÿ òîãî, àáè çàáåçïå÷èòè ñåáå ³ ñâîþ ñ³ì’þ åíåðãîðåñóðñàìè, àáè éîãî îñåëÿ áóëà òåïëîþ, áóëà ãàðÿ÷à âîäà, åëåêòðîåíåðã³ÿ òîùî. ² â³í, çâè÷àéíî, âñå öå áåðåæå. ßêùî íå ðàõóâàòèìåø êîï³éêè, í³êîëè íå ìàòèìåø ãðèâí³. Òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ ïîòðåáóº äèôåðåíö³éîâàíîãî ï³äõîäó. Çðîçóì³ëî, ùî äëÿ çàáåçïå÷åííÿ òåïëîì äâîïîâåðõîâîãî áóäèíêó ïîòð³áíà îäíà íàïðóãà ãàðÿ÷î¿ âîäè, äëÿ ï’ÿòèïîâåðõîâîãî — ³íøà, à ùîá ïðîòîïèòè äåâ’ÿòü ïîâåðõ³â, ïîòð³áí³ âæå çîâñ³ì ³íø³ ïîêàçíèêè. ², çâè÷àéíî, êîæíèé áóäèíîê ñë³ä îñíàñòèòè ³íäèâ³äóàëüíèìè òåïëîïóíêòàìè. Íà êîæíîìó êðîö³ º øëÿõè ³ ñïîñîáè åêîíîì³¿. Àëå äëÿ öüîãî ïîòð³áíà çàö³êàâëåí³ñòü. Äî ñëîâà, ÿ ÿêðàç ÷àñòî áà÷ó çàö³êàâëåí³ñòü ïîñòà÷àëüíèêà íàâïàêè ñïàëþâàòè ÿêîìîãà á³ëüøå ãàçó, òîìó ùå â³í òîä³ îòðèìóº á³ëüø³ ïðèáóòêè. À öå âæå, ÿê âè ðîçóì³ºòå, íå åíåðãîçáåðåæåííÿ. Ñïîæèâà÷ ñòðàæäàº, éîìó õîëîäíî, â³í íå îòðèìóº ÿê³ñíî¿ ïîñëóãè, çà ÿêó ñïëàòèâ.

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

— Íà Âàøó äóìêó, ÷îìó â ªâðîï³ íàâ÷èëèñÿ çàîùàäæóâàòè åíåðãîðåñóðñè, à â Óêðà¿í³ ëèøå ïî÷èíàþòü óñâ³äîìëþâàòè ¿õíþ ñïðàâæíþ âàðò³ñòü? — Ñïðàâä³, ºâðîïåéö³ ºäèí³ ó ñâîºìó ïðàãíåíí³ ó áóäü-ÿêèé ñïîñ³á çíèçèòè ñïîæèâàííÿ åíåðãîðåñóðñ³â. Ðîçðîáëåíèé 2006 ðîêó ïëàí ä³é ùîäî åêîíîì³¿ åíåðã³¿ â ªÑ ì³ñòèòü 75 ïîçèö³é. Çàïðîïîíîâàí³ ªâðîêîì³ñ³ºþ çàõîäè ñïðèÿþòü çàîùàäæåííþ äî 100 ìëðä ºâðî ùîð³÷íî. Öèôðà, ïîãîäüòåñÿ, ïåðåêîíëèâà, àëå ³ öå ùå äàëåêî íå ìåæà. ªâðîïåéñüêèé äîñâ³ä ó öüîìó ïëàí³ — êëàäåíü çíàíü äëÿ óêðà¿íö³â. Ïîë³òèêà ªâðîïè ó ãàëóç³ òåïëîçáåðåæåííÿ ñïðÿìîâàíà íà ðîçâ’ÿçàííÿ çàâäàíü ùîäî åêîíîì³¿ åíåðã³¿ òà çíèæåííÿ øê³äëèâèõ äëÿ íàâêîëèøíüîãî ñåðåäîâèùà âèêèä³â øëÿõîì ðîçâèòêó ÖÒ, à òàêîæ çàâäÿêè êîìá³íóâàííþ âèðîá³òêó òåïëà òà åëåêòðîåíåðã³¿ (ÒÅÖ) ³ ìàëåíüêèõ äåöåíòðàë³çîâàíèõ ñèñòåì òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ, ÿê³ îõîïëþâàòèìóòü ìàêñèìàëüíî âåëèêó ê³ëüê³ñòü ñïîæèâà÷³â. Çàâäÿêè ðîçâèòêîâ³ êîìá³íîâàíîãî âèðîáíèöòâà òåïëà é åëåêòðîåíåðã³¿ ó êðà¿í³ íå ìàº ëèøèòèñÿ æîäíî¿ åëåêòðîñòàíö³¿, ÿêà á ïðàöþâàëà çà êîíäåíñàö³éíèì öèêëîì, ³ âîäíî÷àñ çàáåçïå÷óâàòèìåòüñÿ ìàêñèìàëüíî ìîæëèâå âèêîðèñòàííÿ êîòåëüíèõ óñòàíîâîê äëÿ âèðîáëåííÿ íå ëèøå òåïëîâî¿, à é åëåêòðè÷íî¿ åíåðã³¿.

— ßê³ îá’ºêòè â Óêðà¿í³ ö³êàâëÿòü Âàøó êîìïàí³þ ïåðåäóñ³ì? — Íàñàìïåðåä ò³, ùî ïîòåðïàþòü â³ä íåäîïîñòà÷àííÿ òåïëà, àáî ò³, äå âçàãàë³ â³äñóòíÿ ìîæëèâ³ñòü òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ. Ó òàêèõ ì³ñöåâîñòÿõ ìè ãîòîâ³ ñòàâèòè ñâî¿ êîòåëüí³ ³ çà âñòàíîâëåíèìè ì³ñöåâîþ âëàäîþ òàðèôàìè ïîñòà÷àòè òåïëî. Íà øâèäê³ ïðèáóòêè ìè íå ðîçðàõîâóºìî, àëå â ïåðñïåêòèâí³ñòü ñâîº¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ â³ðèìî. Íåìàº ³íøîãî øëÿõó, í³æ äåðæàâíå ³ ïðèâàòíå ïàðòíåðñòâî. Êîëè ì³ñöåâå ñàìîâðÿäóâàííÿ ³ ³íâåñòîðè çíàõîäÿòü ñï³ëüíó ìîâó ³ ïðèéìàþòü ïðàâèëüí³ äëÿ ì³ñòà ³ îáëàñò³ ð³øåííÿ, âèãðàþòü óñ³. Ì³ñöåâ³ áþäæåòè íå â çìîç³ ñàì³ âèòðèìóâàòè òàê³ íàâàíòàæåííÿ. Áåç çàëó÷åííÿ ïðèâàòíîãî êàï³òàëó ãàëóç³ ÆÊÃ íå âñòîÿòè. Àëå ðîçãëÿäàòè òàêó ñï³âïðàöþ ëèøå ÿê ñïîíñîðñòâî ç áîêó ³íâåñòîðà — òåæ íåïðàâèëüíî, çâè÷àéíî æ, ìè çàö³êàâëåí³ ó ïðèáóòêàõ. Óò³ì ïåðñïåêòèâè äëÿ ðîçâèòêó íàøîãî á³çíåñó º. — Çà ÿêèìè ñõåìàìè óêëàäàþòüñÿ êîíòðàêòè âàøî¿ êîìïàí³¿? — Ïðè óêëàäàíí³ óãîä ïåðåäóñ³ì âèõîäèìî ç ïîòðåá ³ ìîæëèâîñòåé êë³ºíòà. Öå ìîæå áóòè êîíòðàêò íà ïîñòà÷àííÿ ñó÷àñíîãî åíåðãîîùàäíîãî îáëàäíàííÿ, íà ìîäåðí³çàö³þ ñèñòåìè òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ «ï³ä êëþ÷» ç ïîâåðíåííÿì âêëàäåíèõ íàìè ô³íàíñîâèõ ðåñóðñ³â çà ðàõóíîê îòðèìàíèõ â³ä åêñïëóàòàö³¿ ñèñòåìè äîõîä³â. Öå ìîæå áóòè êóï³âëÿ êîðïîðàòèâíèõ ïðàâ ó êîìïàí³¿, ùî çàéìàºòüñÿ òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿì. Òàêîæ íàø³ ïîñëóãè ìè íàäàºìî â ë³çèíã. Ñèñòåìà ñï³âïðàö³ ç êë³ºíòàìè ð³çíîá³÷íà ³ ãíó÷êà — ìîæíà âèð³øèòè çàâäàííÿ áóäü-ÿêî¿ ñêëàäíîñò³. — Õòî º âàøèìè êë³ºíòàìè? — Íàø³ êë³ºíòè? Âñÿ Óêðà¿íà. Ó áóäüÿêîìó ¿¿ êóòî÷êó ìè ìîæåìî çíàéòè òî÷-

Óêðà¿íà äîñèòü äîâãî æèëà ó «òåïëè÷íèõ óìîâàõ»: ö³íà, çà ÿêîþ ëþäè ñïîæèâàëè ïðèðîäíèé ãàç, ïîð³âíÿíî ç ªâðîïîþ, áóëà çàíèçüêîþ, à ïîë³òè÷íà ñêëàäîâà ó öüîìó ïèòàíí³ — íàâïàêè, çàâèñîêîþ. ², íà æàëü, òîé ìîìåíò, êîëè ïðàêòè÷íî áåçáîë³ñíî ìîæíà áóëî ìîäåðí³çóâàòè ñèñòåìó ÖÒ, âòðà÷åíî. Íå ìîæó íå çàóâàæèòè, ùî ïîë³òèêà ìàº çàáåçïå÷óâàòè åêîíîì³êó, à íå ìàí³ïóëþâàòè íåþ.

êó ñâîãî ³íòåðåñó. Ñêàæ³ìî, ó Ð³âíåíñüê³é îáëàñò³ ðàçîì ³ç ì³ñöåâèìè ïàðòíåðàìè ìè çáóäóâàëè îäèíàäöÿòü êîòåëåíü. Ó Êàì’ÿíö³-Ïîä³ëüñüêîìó, ùî íà Õìåëüíè÷÷èí³, òàêîæ ïëàíóºìî â³äêðèòè ÷åðãó. Íàøèìè çóñèëëÿìè çâåäåíî ÷èìàëî êîòåëåíü ó Ñóìñüê³é ³ Ëüâ³âñüê³é îáëàñòÿõ. Ìè áóëè ïîñòà÷àëüíèêàìè îáëàäíàííÿ äëÿ ×åðí³ã³âñüêîãî îáëàñíîãî òóáåðêóëüîçíîãî äèñïàíñåðó òîùî. Êîìïàí³ÿ íàñàìïåðåä ïîñòà÷àº òåïëî äëÿ øê³ë, äèòÿ÷èõ ñàäî÷ê³â, ë³êàðåíü, ïîë³êë³í³ê, øê³ë-³íòåðíàò³â. Êîëî íàøèõ ³íòåðåñ³â — öå ñîö³àëüíà ñôåðà. Ìè â Óêðà¿í³ ïðàöþºìî ç ëèñòîïàäà 2004 ðîêó. ² êðîê çà êðîêîì ïðîñóâàºìîñÿ íà ðèíêó òåïëîïîñòà÷àííÿ Óêðà¿íè. Âñå ïîåòàïíî. Çãàäàâ äåùî êóìåäíó ³ñòîð³þ. Êîëè ìè ò³ëüêè ïðèäèâëÿëèñÿ äî Óêðà¿íè ÿê êðà¿íè, äå ìîæíà ðîçâèâàòè âëàñíèé á³çíåñ, ðîçäóìóâàëè ùîäî òàêî¿ äîö³ëüíîñò³ ³ âèâ÷àëè ¿¿ âíóòð³øí³é ðèíîê, ïðè¿õàëè äî Ñóìñüêî¿ îáëàñò³ áóäóâàòè êîòåëüí³. ² êîëè ïîáà÷èëè, ÿê íàçóñòð³÷ îäíîìó ì³ñöåâîìó ÷èíîâíèêîâ³ âèñêî÷èëè ë³òí³ æ³íî÷êè ³ ïî÷àëè òðóñèòè éîãî çà ãðóäêè, âèìàãàþ÷è òåïëà ó ñâî¿õ îñåëÿõ, ÿ çðîçóì³â, ùî ðîáîòè äëÿ íàñ òóò âèñòà÷èòü. Õî÷ó ï³äêðåñëèòè, ùî ìè äóæå âèâàæåíî ñòàâèìîñÿ äî ïîòðåá ì³ñò, äå ïðàöþºìî. Íàøå êðåäî — ïðàöþâàòè ëèøå íà ïåðñïåêòèâíèé ðîçâèòîê ³ ò³ëüêè íà êîðèñòü óêðà¿íñüêèõ ì³ñò, à íå íàñàäæóâàòè òàì ïëàíè âëàñíîãî çáàãà÷åííÿ. Çàãàëîì, Óêðà¿íà äóæå ïåðñïåêòèâíà. Êðà¿íà ç áàãàòîì³ëüéîííèì íàñåëåííÿì ìîæíå ñòâîðèòè òàêèé âíóòð³øí³é ðèíîê, ùî ö³êàâî¿ ðîáîòè ñòàíå äëÿ âñ³õ. Ñêàæó âàì ïî ñåêðåòó, ùî ÿ îñîáèñòî â³ä÷óâàþ ñåáå áîðæíèêîì Óêðà¿íè ³ ââàæàþ, ùî ìàþ â³äïðàöüîâóâàòè ñâî¿ áîðãè, çðîáèòè ùîñü êîðèñíå äëÿ ¿¿ åêîíîì³÷íîãî çðîñòàííÿ. — Âè ìåíå çà³íòðèãóâàëè. Â ÿêîìó ñåíñ³ áîðæíèê? — Ð³÷ ó ò³ì, ùî ï’ÿòíàäöÿòü ðîê³â òîìó ÿ âèâ³ç ç Óêðà¿íè îäíó ïðåêðàñíó æ³íêó, òàëàíîâèòîãî íàóêîâöÿ ³ ïðàêòèêà, ÿêà çãîäîì ñòàëà ìîºþ äðóæèíîþ. (Ïîñì³õàºòüñÿ). À ÿêùî ñåðéîçíî, òî íàø³ íàðîäè ìàþòü äóæå ò³ñí³ çâ’ÿçêè, ³ ó ìåíå îñîáèñòî º äóæå âåëèêå áàæàííÿ òóò ïðàöþâàòè. — Äÿêóþ, ïàíå Ñàóëþñå, áàæàºìî Âàì óñï³õ³â ó á³çíåñ³, ö³êàâèõ ïðîåêò³â Ðîçìîâó âåëà Ê³ðà ØÏÀÍÜÊÎ

What do you think is important for the full-fledging of the central heating supply system? And what is central heating supply in general? Modern central heating supply is an effective system, which uses energo-saving technologies and is flexible while changing over from one type of fuel to another. It must be able to pay off current expenditure, to foresee expenses for equipment, substitution and return of investments. It has a high level of efficiency and control of the heating supply system; it is competitive in comparison with other types of supply, has transparent rates and protects the consumer from groundlessly excessive price. For example, in such countries as Finland and Sweden, where every consumer can chose the heating type that he needs, central heat supply is the most prevailing because it is easy to use and has a sufficiently reasonable price. But adequate economic policy is very important to let this project develop; it has to become a part of a general power strategy of the country, facilitating investment inflow. How can we learn to make efficient use of gas ? This question is very real under the conditions of global warming, saying nothing of the possible rise in prices of energy sources, which is expected in the coming year in Ukraine. We should stop speculations with cheap gas at non-market prices as soon as possible. We must realize that the price is set by the market. In this way it works in Europe. You don’t even need to be an expert to see how many ways there are to save such expensive gas. How much of it just simply «goes into the air»? How much is spent because of the outdated equipment, losses on heating mains and the carelessness of users? We should lessen losses while producing, transporting and usage of the thermal energy to make the usage of gas more rational, for ex-

ample, for central heat supply. Energy saving technologies, available nowadays make it possible to lessen the consumption of thermal energy more than twice, which helps to save natural gas and doesn’t cause a growth of the price of heating power. But it requires investing money into the capital renewals of the state and municipal heat supply companies. Nowadays we can feel the influence of the outdated equipment in Ukraine. To begin with, our Ukrainian housing –municipal economy has more than 60 000 boilers on its balance, quarter of which are outdated more than is acceptable by the operating period (25 years) and accordingly, their coefficient of efficiency is very low. For sure, if we make some efforts to change it, we could save a lot of gas. But that’s not the half of it. We can see the «winter gardens» growing along heating mains in winter, which is an example of heat uselessly «going into the air». Secondly, consumers will never think of saving gas, of its high price, until they start to pay market prices. For example, you don’t need to induce a German to use gas thriftily. He knows for sure that he works a month in every year to supply himself and his family with energy resources to make his house warm and supply it with water, electricity etc. if you don’t take care of the kopeck, you will never have hrivna. Power supply needs differentiated approach. it is clear that if we want to provide two-storied house with the heat, we need one voltage of hot water, for five-storied, another one and for nine-storied house we need absolutely different rates. And, of course, every house needs to be equipped with individual systems. We can find at every new step ways to save energy. For example, I often see suppliers who are interested in burning up as much gas as he can, because it brings more profit. And as far as you can understand, it is not energy saving. Consumer suffers and doesn’t get the high-quality service, for which he paid.

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

What do you think, why have European countries already learned to save energy resources and Ukraine only starts to understand its fair value? Indeed the Europeans desire to reduce their consumption of energy resources in every way. A new plan according energy saving in EU was worked out in 2006 and contains 75 articles. Measures, proposed by the Euro commission help to save at least $100 billion every year and it is not a limit. European experience in this sphere is a source of knowledge for Ukrainians. European policy in the sphere of heat saving is directed on energy saving and the lowering of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere by developing central heating systems and combining heat and electricity production with small decentralized heat supply systems, which will cover a maximally large number of consumers. Thanks to this system there will be no electric power station working by the condensation cycle and the number of the boiler units, used for providing both heat and electric energy would be maximally possible. Ukraine has been living in «hothouse conditions» for a long time: the price of the natural gas used was too low, in comparison with Europe and the political component in this problem — inversely too high. And unfortunately, we have missed the chance of a painless updating of the central heating system. I should note that politics must provide economy, instead of manipulating it. What are the projects in Ukraine in which your company is most interested? First of all those which suffer from insufficient supply of heat or those which don’t even have the possibility to be supplied with it. We are ready to set our boiler houses in such places and provide them with heat by the rates, set by local authorities. We don’t expect quick returns, but believe in the availability of our activity. There is no other way except state and private partnership. Everybody gains when local authorities and investors find a common language and make decisions, important for the town and whole region. Local budgets can not carry such a load themselves; they need the attraction of private investments. But we can not consider such a collaboration as sponsorship from investors we are also interested in profit. But there are still prospects for our business development.

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Ñàóëþñ ÅÍÄÐÞØÊÀ áåðå àêòèâíó ó÷àñòü ó áëàãîä³éíîìó âå÷îð³ ó ïîñîëüñòâ³ Ëèòîâñüêî¿ Ðåñïóáë³êè*

What are the schemes of contracts in your company? We always start with the needs and possibilities of a client while making a bargain. It can be a contract for the supplying of modern energy saving equipment, for the modernizing of a heat supplying system «turnkey» with the return of our financial resources at the expense of the profit, gained from running the system. It can be the buying of corporative rights from the company, which works with heat supplying. We also let out our services on lease. Our system of collaboration with clients is very versatile, so we can resolve tasks of any complicity. Who are your clients? Our clients? They are all over Ukraine. For example, we have built eleven boiler houses in Rhivne region with the help of our local partners. We also want to start a project in Kamianets-Podilskyi, Khmelnitski region. Many boiler houses were built in Sumy and Lviv regions. We provided equipment for Chernihiv regional tuberculosis dispensary etc. first of all our company provides heat for schools, kindergartens, hospitals, polyclinics, boarding schools. The social sphere is in the interests of our company. We have been working in Ukraine since November 2004 and now we are step by step moving forward into the heat supplying market of Ukraine. I have been reminded of a funny story. When we only started to consider Ukraine as a place to run our business and inves-

tigated its home market, we came to Symu region to build our boiler houses. And when I saw two women running towards to a local functionary and requiring heat for their houses, I understood that here is enough work for us I want to lay stress on the fact that we take care about the needs of the cities were we work. Our credo is to work only for the perspective development and favor of Ukrainian cities, instead of spreading plans for our enrichment there. Generally, Ukraine has great prospects. A country with a population of many millions can create such a home market, that there would be enough work for everybody. Frankly speaking, I feel myself in debt to Ukraine and I think that I have to work it out and do something useful for its economical development. You arouse my interest. What do you mean you are a debtor? The fact is that, I brought a beautiful woman, a talented scientist and practical worker from Ukraine fifteen years ago, who later became my wife. (Smiles). Seriously speaking, our nations are closely related and I have a great desire to work in Ukraine. Thank you, Mr Sauljus, we wish you success in your business endeavors, interesting projects and reliable partners in Ukraine. * Ðåäàêö³ÿ âäÿ÷íà æóðíàëó «Ðîáîòîäàâåöü» çà íàäàíå ôîòî.

«Бонум Груп»: відкритість і довіра Ëèòîâñüêà êîìïàí³ÿ «Áîíóì Ãðóï» ïðàöþº íà ðèíêó ö³ííèõ ïàïåð³â, çîêðåìà, çä³éñíþº êåðóâàííÿ àêòèâàìè ñï³ëüíîãî ³íâåñòóâàííÿ. Çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè íåçàëåæíîãî ðåéòèíãó ³íâåñòôîíä³â, «Áîíóì Ãðóï» ïîñ³äàº ïåðøå ì³ñöå ñåðåä íàéïðèáóòêîâ³øèõ â³äêðèòèõ ³íâåñòèö³éíèõ ôîíä³â. Íàø ñïåö³àëüíèé êîðåñïîíäåíò ñï³ëêóâàâñÿ ç ³íâåñòèö³éíèì êåðóþ÷èì êîìïàí³¿ Àóäðþñîì Ì²ÖÞÊßÂ²×ÓÑÎÌ.

Àóäðþñ Ì³öþêÿâ³÷óñ, ²íâåñòèö³éíèé êåðóþ÷èé ÊÓÀ «Áîíóì Ãðóï» Audrius Miciukevicius Investment manager of «Bonum Group» — Ïàíå Àóäðþñå, íàñê³ëüêè ïåðñïåêòèâíèì, íà Âàø ïîãëÿä, º ðèíîê ö³ííèõ ïàïåð³â Óêðà¿íè? — Îñíîâíîþ ïðè÷èíîþ íàøîãî ïðèõîäó â Óêðà¿íó áóëà íåâ³äïîâ³äí³ñòü ñòóïåíÿ ðîçâèòêó åêîíîì³êè Óêðà¿íè ³ ¿¿ ôîíäîâîãî ðèíêó. Ïîòåíö³àë ðîñòó îñòàííüîãî âåëè÷åçíèé. Äîòåïåð â³í íå áóâ ³íäèêàòèâíèì ïîêàçíèêîì ðîçâèòêó åêîíîì³êè. Íà ïåðøèé ïîãëÿä, â³í ³ñíóº í³áè ó âàêóóì³, ñàì ïî ñîá³. Îäíàê ïðèêëàäè á³ëüøîñò³ êðà¿í Ñõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè ïîêàçóþòü, ùî ðàíî ÷è ï³çíî ôîíäîâ³ ðèíêè ç³ ñïåêóëÿòèâíîãî ïîëÿ ñòàþòü ðåàëüíèì åëåìåíòîì çàëó÷åííÿ ³íâåñòèö³é äëÿ á³ëüøîñò³ åêîíîì³÷íèõ ñóá’ºêò³â. Âîäíî÷àñ ìè ââàæàºìî,

ùî êðèçà ç³ãðàº ïîçèòèâíó ðîëü äëÿ ðèíêó ö³ííèõ ïàïåð³â Óêðà¿íè. Ïî éîãî çàâåðøåíí³ êîìïàí³ÿì áóäå íàáàãàòî ñêëàäí³øå ä³ñòàòè êðåäèòè â áàíê³âñüêèõ óñòàíîâàõ. Ö³ êîøòè, íåîáõ³äí³ äëÿ âèõîäó íà ïîïåðåäí³, äîêðèçîâ³ ïîçèö³¿, ìîæíà áóäå îäåðæàòè â³ä ïðîäàæó âëàñíèõ àêö³é. Íà íàøó äóìêó, ñàìå áðàê ïîçèê çìóñèòü êîìïàí³¿ ñåðéîçí³øå ïðèäèâèòèñÿ äî ôîíäîâîãî ðèíêó. À ÿêùî â ðèíîê ö³ííèõ ïàïåð³â ïîâ³ðÿòü ñàì³ åì³òåíòè — ðîáèòè âíåñêè â íüîãî ïî÷íóòü ³ øèðîê³ ìàñè íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íè, à íå ò³ëüêè ì³æíàðîäí³ ô³íàíñîâ³ ñïåêóëÿíòè. — Íà ïî÷àòêó 2008 ðîêó êîìïàí³ÿ «Áîíóì Ãðóï» ïðîâåëà ³íôîð-

ìàö³éíèé ñåì³íàð «Óêðà¿íà — íåðîçêðèòèé ïîòåíö³àë». ×è ïëàíóþòüñÿ íàäàë³ ïîä³áí³ çàõîäè? — Òàê, öåé ñåì³íàð ïîêàçàâ âåëè÷åçíèé ³íòåðåñ äî Óêðà¿íè ç áîêó ïðèáàëò³éñüêèõ ³íâåñòîð³â. Ìè îòðèìàëè ÷èìàëî ïðîïîçèö³é ïðî ñï³âïðàöþ. Íàâ³òü ïîïðè òîé ôàêò, ùî ó÷àñíèêè ñåì³íàðó âèçíàâàëè íåìèíó÷³ñòü øâèäêî¿ êðèçè â åêîíîì³ö³. Çâè÷àéíî, ê³íåöü 2008 — ïî÷àòîê 2009 ðîêó — íå íàéë³ïøèé ÷àñ äëÿ ïðîâåäåííÿ òàêèõ ìàñîâèõ çàõîä³â. Îäíàê ìè ïðîâîäèìî ïîñò³éíó ³íôîðìàö³éíî-ïðîïàãàíäèñòñüêó ðîáîòó ç ïðîñóâàííÿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî ðèíêó ñåðåä ³íâåñòîð³â Ï³âí³÷íî¿ ªâðîïè â ðåæèì³ «tåt-à-tåt». Íàñòóïíèé òàêèé ñåì³íàð çàïëàíóâàëè íà âåñíó 2009 ðîêó.

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

— ßêà ãåîãðàô³ÿ ïðîäàæó ñåðòèô³êàò³â Âàøèõ ôîíä³â? — Êð³ì íàøîãî ãîëîâíîãî îô³ñó â Êèºâ³, íàø³ ñåðòèô³êàòè ìîæíà ïðèäáàòè â óñ³õ îáëàñòÿõ Óêðà¿íè, à òàêîæ â Àâòîíîìí³é Ðåñïóáë³ö³ Êðèì. Íàøà ìåðåæà ïðîäàæ³â çä³éñíþºòüñÿ ÷åðåç íåçàëåæíèõ òîðãîâö³â, ï³äá³ð ÿêèõ çä³éñíþºòüñÿ íà êîíêóðåíòí³é îñíîâ³. — ßê³ Âàø³ ïðîãíîçè ðîçâèòêó ðèíêó ö³ííèõ ïàïåð³â Óêðà¿íè íà 2009 ð³ê? — Áåçóìîâíî, îñíîâíîþ òåìîþ 2009 ðîêó ñòàíå áîðîòüáà ç³ ñâ³òîâîþ åêîíîì³÷íîþ êðèçîþ é ë³êâ³äàö³ÿ ¿¿ íàñë³äê³â. Ó öüîìó ïëàí³ óêðà¿íñüêèé ðèíîê éòèìå ó ôàðâàòåð³ ñâ³òîâèõ òåíäåíö³é. Ìè ââàæàºìî, ùî ãîëîâíå î÷³êóâàííÿ â³ä 2009 ðîêó — íå ïîâåðíåííÿ á³ðæîâîãî ³íäåêñó íà êîëèøí³ ïîçèö³¿ (â³ä³ãðàòèñÿ çà 5-ðàçîâå ïàä³ííÿ — ïðàêòè÷íî íåðåàëüíî), à ñòðóêòóðíà ïåðåáóäîâà ðèíêó. Ïðèïóñò³ìî, ùî ì³æíàðîäí³ ³íâåñòôîíäè ç îñòðàõîì äèâèòèìóòüñÿ íà íàø ðèíîê ïðîòÿãîì óñüîãî ðîêó. Îäíàê ìè î÷³êóºìî çðîñòàííÿ ³íòåðåñó äî ðèíêó ç áîêó íåðåçèäåíò³â. Ïðè÷èíà — ÿâíà íåäîîö³íêà áàãàòüîõ àêòèâ³â. Õðîíîëîã³÷íî ö³ëêîì ³ìîâ³ðíî, ùî â ïåðøîìó êâàðòàë³ íà ÏÔÒÑ áóäå ïåðåâàæàòè á³÷íèé òðåíä (ñòàãíàö³ÿ). Íàäàë³ ïî÷íåòüñÿ ïîñòóïîâå çðîñòàííÿ. À íàáèðàííÿ îáåðò³â ìîæëèâå â äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ ðîêó. Çà îïòèì³ñòè÷íîãî ñöåíàð³þ, 2009-ãî ðèíîê ö³ííèõ ïàïåð³â ìîæå çðîñòè íàâ³òü óäâ³÷³, à òî é á³ëüøå. — ×èì «Áîíóì Ãðóï» â³äð³çíÿºòüñÿ â³ä ³íøèõ êîìïàí³é, ÿê³ ïðàöþþòü ç àêòèâàìè? — Ïðèéøîâøè â Óêðà¿íó, ìè íàìàãàëèñÿ çðîáèòè îñíîâíîþ êîíêóðåíòíîþ ïåðåâàãîþ íàøî¿ ÊÓÀ âèñîê³ ïðèáàëò³éñüê³ ñòàíäàðòè ñåðâ³ñó. Íàâ³òü ïîïðè êðèçîâ³ ÿâèùà, ìè ï³äòðèìóºìî ç íàøèìè êë³ºíòàìè äðóæí³ âçàºìèíè. Êð³ì òîãî, äëÿ íàñ âàæëèâèì º åòè÷íèé á³ê âåäåííÿ á³çíåñó. Ìè ïðîòè ÷àñòîãî âèêîðèñòàííÿ

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

«êîðîòêèõ óãîä» (çàðîá³òêó íà îáâàë³ ðèíêó) òîùî. — Ó ÷îìó ïåðåâàãè Âàøèõ âêëàäíèê³â? — Âêëàäíèêè îáðàëè íàñ çà êîíêóðåíòí³ ïåðåâàãè — ñåðâ³ñ ³ ïîâíó äîâ³ðó. Ìè íàìàãàºìîñÿ ¿õ íå ðîç÷àðîâóâàòè. — À ÷îìó «Áîíóì Ãðóï» îáðàâ ñàìå Óêðà¿íó? — Óêðà¿íñüêèé ðèíîê ïàïåð³â — îäèí ç íàéïåðñïåêòèâí³øèõ ó ñâ³ò³. Óêðà¿íà — îäíà ç íàéá³ëüøèõ äåðæàâ ªâðîïè ç ïîòóæíîþ ïðîìèñëîâ³ñòþ, îñâ³÷åíèìè ëþäüìè òà çíà÷íèìè äåøåâèìè ïðèðîäíèìè ðåñóðñàìè. Óêðà¿íñüêà åêîíîì³êà «âàæèòü» òðîõè ìåíøå, í³æ ïîëîâèíà ðîñ³éñüêî¿, ïðè öüîìó êîíêóðåíö³ÿ òóò íå òàêà ñèëüíà. Êðèçà óïåâíèëà íàñ ó áàæàíí³ ïðàöþâàòè òóò. Âîíà âæå «î÷èñòèëà» ÷àñòèíó ñïåêóëÿíò³â, ùî êîðèñòàëèñÿ ç³ ñëàáêî¿ ðîçâèíåíîñò³ ôîíäîâîãî ðèíêó. Ðèçèêíåìî ïðèïóñòèòè, ùî êðèçîâ³ ÿâèùà äîïîìîæóòü ³ óêðà¿íñüêèì ï³äïðèºìñòâàì øâèäøå ºâðîïå¿çóâàòèñÿ é ðîáèòè ñâîþ ä³ÿëüí³ñòü ïðîçîð³øîþ. — Íàñê³ëüêè, íà Âàøó äóìêó, Óêðà¿íà º ³íâåñòèö³éíî ïðèâàáëèâîþ äëÿ Ëèòâè ³ ÿê³ ãàëóç³ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ åêîíîì³êè íàéâèã³äí³ø³ äëÿ ³íâåñòóâàííÿ? — Óêðà¿íñüêà åêîíîì³êà îäíàêîâî âèã³äíà ÿê äëÿ ëèòîâñüêîãî, òàê ³ äëÿ áóäü-ÿêîãî ³íøîãî ³íâåñòîðà. ² ìè ùîíàéá³ëüøå çàö³êàâëåí³ â ïðèõîä³ ñþäè ëèòîâñüêîãî êàï³òàëó. Ñâî¿ì ïàðòíåðàì ìè ïðîïîíóºìî âêëàäàòè ÿê ó çíåö³íåí³ àêòèâè (íåäîáóäîâàí³ îá’ºêòè íåðóõîìîñò³, ö³íí³ ïàïåðè åì³òåíò³â àãðîïðîìèñëîâîãî, õ³ì³÷íîãî, ÷àñòêîâî ã³ðíè÷î-ìåòàëóðã³éíîãî ñåêòîðà), òàê ³ ó â³äíîñíî ñòàá³ëüí³ ï³äïðèºìñòâà, ÿê³ ïîñòðàæäàëè ìåíøå, íàïðèêëàä, ó ìàøèíîáóä³âíó ãàëóçü. — Äÿêóþ.

The Lithuanian company «Bonum Group» works in the market of value documents and manages the assets of common investments. According to the results of independent ratings of ‘Invest funds’ Bonum Group takes the first place in the most profitable open investment funds. Our special correspondent met and asked these questions to the manager of the company, Audrius MICIUKEVICIUS.

Mr Audrius, how good is the perspective of the market of value documents in Ukraine? The main reason for our coming to Ukraine was this unbalance between the development of the Ukrainian economy and its fund market. The fund market has a great opportunity to increase and up to now it has never indicated the level of economical development at first sight it exists alone like in some vacuum but there are many examples of the majority countries in the east of Europe that show us that early or late fund markets will transform from the speculator field into a real element of enlisting investments for the majority of economical subjects. At the same time we believe that the crisis would play a positive role for the market of value documents in Ukraine. After the completion of the crisis it would be more difficult to get credit from the banks money that they need for making old positions they would take from selling their shares. To our mind the lack of borrowed money will make them think seriously about the fund market, if seriously remittent believe the market of value documents the mass of the population will also pay. At the beginning of 2008 the Bonum Group conducted an informed seminar (Ukraine is undiscovered potential.) do you plan such arrangements in the future? Yes this seminar drew a huge interest from PreBaltic investors for Ukraine. We’ve got quite a lot of offers to assist despite the fact that the participants admitted the inevitable crisis in the economy of the coun-

‘Bonum Group’: frankness and trust try. Yes of course the end of 2008 and the beginning of the New Year is not the best time to conduct such mass arrangements. But we continue regular information work for the advancement of the Ukrainian market and for the investors of Eastern Europe in a tête-à-tête regime. The next seminar is planned for the spring of 2009. What is the geography of selling your fund certificates? Besides our main office in Kiev you can buy our certificates in all regions of Ukraine and also in the Crimea. Our sales net is provided by independent salesmen who were selected by a complete base. What is your prognosis according to the development of the value papers market in the year 2009? Of course the main topic of the next year will be the fight with the world economic crisis and the liquidation of its consequences. In this case the Ukrainian market will go together with world tendencies. Within the main theme of waiting for 2009 is not returning the stock index to the previous positions because to increase its 5 times reduction is practicably unreal but a structural reorganisation of the market.

Suppose that international invest funds will look with fright on our market during the old year but we are waiting for the increase of the presidents interest in this market and the main reason is the undervaluation of many assets. Suppose that chronologically in the first quarter on the FTSE there will be side trend stagnation in the future will begin a gradual increase and increase maybe only in the second half of the year. If everything is good in 2009 the market of value documents can grow by double or more. What is the difference between Bonum Group and other companies? The aim of our coming to Ukraine was to make the main concrete advance of our KOA high pre Baltic standards of service despite the crisis we assist with our clients and also most important for us is the label side of managing the business our position is opposed to small transactions like taking money when the market is ruined. What is the advantage for your clients? Our clients chose us because of our competitive abilities, service and trust and we try not to disappoint them.

Why has Bonum Group chosen Ukraine? The Ukrainian market of value documents is one of the most lucrative in the world. Ukraine is one of the greatest countries of Europe and it has a powerful industry, educated people and a great amount of cheap natural resources. The Ukrainian economy is weighted a little bit less than half of the Russian economy and according to this the competition is not so strong the crisis made us wish to come here and it has cleaned out half of the speculators who exploited the development of the fund market. Suppose that the crisis can give Ukrainian companies the opportunity to come to Europe and work transparently. How attractive is Ukraine for Lithuania and what branches of the economy are the most lucrative for investing? The Ukrainian economy is profitable for Lithuania the same as for other investors but we from our side have a great interest in bringing Lithuanian capital here. We suggest that our partners make investments in the most undervalued assets such as quite stable organisations that suffered not so much like the sector of car manufacturing. Thank you!

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

«Вікінг» долає кордони ÏÎ¯ÇÄ ÊÎÌÁ²ÍÎÂÀÍÈÕ ÏÅÐÅÂÅÇÅÍÜ «Â²Ê²ÍÃ» — Ì²ÆÍÀÐÎÄÍÈÉ ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÈÉ ²ÍÒÅÐÌÎÄÀËÜÍÈÉ ÏÐÎÅÊÒ — 6 ËÞÒÎÃÎ 2003 ÐÎÊÓ ÏÅÐØÈÌ ÐÅÉÑÎÌ Ç’ªÄÍÀÂ ÄÂÀ ÏÎÐÒÈ,

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Â²ËÜÍÞÑ

Ì²ÍÑÜÊ

ÊÎÐÎÑÒÅÍÜ

²ËË²×²ÂÑÜÊ ÍÀ ×ÎÐÍÎÌÓ ² ÊËÀÉÏÅÄÓ ÍÀ ÁÀËÒ²ÉÑÜÊÎÌÓ ÌÎÐßÕ

The ‘Viking’ invasion THE COMBINED TRANSPORTATION TRAIN ‘VIKING’ IS AN INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT INTER-MODAL PROJECT WHICH CONNECTED THE TWO PORTS ILLICHIVSK, ON THE BLACK SEA, AND KLAEPEDA ON THE BALTIC COAST ON THE 6TH OF FEBRUARY 2003.

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

Ç ×ÎÃÎ ÂÑÅ ÏÎ×ÈÍÀËÎÑß ²äåþ ùîäî ðîçøèðåííÿ òðàíñêîíòèíåíòàëüíèõ çâ’ÿçê³â ³ åôåêòèâí³øîãî âèêîðèñòàííÿ IX Êðèòñüêîãî òðàíñïîðòíîãî êîðèäîðó áóëî óõâàëåíî íà òðåòüîìó ì³æóðÿäîâîìó çàñ³äàíí³ ëèòîâñüêî-óêðà¿íñüêî¿ êîì³ñ³¿ ç ïèòàíü ñï³âðîá³òíèöòâà ó ñôåðàõ òîðã³âë³, åêîíîì³êè, íàóêè ³ òåõí³êè, ÿêå â³äáóëîñÿ 17 ëèïíÿ 2001 ðîêó ó Â³ëüíþñ³. Ð³øåííÿ ïðî ñï³ëüíó ðîáîòó àäì³í³ñòðàö³é çàë³çíèöü Óêðà¿íè, Ëèòâè, Á³ëîðóñ³ òà ïîðòîâèõ àäì³í³ñòðàö³é ²ëë³÷³âñüêà, Îäåñè, Êëàéïåäè áóëî çàêð³ïëåíî â ïðîåêò³ îðãàí³çàö³¿ ïî¿çäà êîìá³íîâàíèõ ïåðåâåçåíü ó ðàìêàõ ì³æíàðîäíîãî òðàíñïîðòíîãî êîðèäîðó Áàëòèêà — ×îðíå ìîðå. Óíàñë³äîê ïðîäóìàíèõ ï³äãîòîâ÷èõ çàõîä³â ³ ñêîîðäèíîâàíèõ çóñèëü óñ³õ ñòîð³í áóëî âñòàíîâëåíî ºäèíèé òàðèô íà âåñü ìàðøðóò ðóõó ïî¿çäà â³ä ²ëë³÷³âñüêà äî Êëàéïåäè ³ íàçàä. Ïî¿çä êóðñóº çà óçãîäæåíèì ÷³òêèì ãðàô³êîì, çàáåçïå÷åíî éîãî îïåðàòèâíèé êîíòðîëü. Íà òåðèòîð³¿ âñ³õ çàëó÷åíèõ äåðæàâ (Óêðà¿íè, Á³ëîðóñ³, Ëèòâè) «Â³ê³íãîâ³» íàäàþòü ðåæèì íàéá³ëüøîãî ñïðèÿííÿ. Ñïåö³àëüí³ çàë³çíè÷í³ ï³äðîçä³ëè çàáåçïå÷óþòü âîºí³çîâàíó îõîðîíó ïî¿çäà. ×àñ äîïðàâëåííÿ âàíòàæ³â â³ä ïîðòó äî ïîðòó ñòàíîâèòü 2 äîáè, â³äñòàíü — 1733 êì. ÓÌÎÂÈ ÐÅÀË²ÇÀÖ²¯ ÒÀ ÏÅÐÅÂÀÃÈ ÏÐÎÅÊÒÓ «Â³ê³íã» ïðèçíà÷åíèé äëÿ ïåðåâåçåíü àâòîïî¿çä³â, íàï³âïðè÷åï³â, à òàêîæ 20- ³ 40-ôóòîâèõ óí³âåðñàëüíèõ êîíòåéíåð³â, ðåôðèæåðàòîðíèõ ³ òàíê-êîíòåéíåð³â, ïîâíîþ ì³ðîþ ðåàë³çîâóº âñ³ ìîæëèâîñò³ êîíòðåéëåðíèõ ïåðåâåçåíü. Ïåðåâàãè ïî¿çäà ïîð³âíÿíî ç àâòîìîá³ëüíèìè ïåðåâåçåííÿìè çà òàêèì ñàìèì ìàðøðóòîì â³äîì³: êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæí³ òàðèôè, îïåðàòèâíå äîïðàâëåííÿ âàíòàæ³â äî ñòàíö³¿ ïðèçíà÷åííÿ, ñïðîùåí³ ïðîöåäóðè ïåðåòèíó êîðäîí³â ³ ìèòíîãî îôîðìëåííÿ, áåçïåêà é åêîëîã³÷í³ñòü òðàíñïîðòó. Òàðèôè íà êîíòåéíåðí³ ïåðåâåçåííÿ íà «Â³ê³íãó» çàðàç ïðèáëèçíî íà òðèäöÿòü â³äñîòê³â íèæ÷³, í³æ ïðè ïåðåâåçåíí³ àâòîòðàíñïîðòîì, òàê ñàìî ÿê ³ òàðèôè íà ïåðåâåçåííÿ àâòîïî¿çä³â ³ íàï³âïðè÷åï³â. Ùå îäí³ºþ ïåðåâàãîþ «Â³ê³íãà» º ìîæëèâ³ñòü ïîäàëüøîãî äîïðàâëåííÿ âàíòàæ³â ç ²ëë³÷³âñüêîãî ïîðòó äî ïîðò³â Ãðåö³¿, Ãðóç³¿, Áîëãàð³¿, êðà¿í Ï³âäåííîÑõ³äíî¿ Àç³¿. À ç Êëàéïåäè — äî Àíãë³¿,

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Áåëüã³¿, Ãîëëàíä³¿, Ãåðìàí³¿, Øâåö³¿ òà ³íøèõ êðà¿í. Ìîðñüê³ ïîðòè ²ëë³÷³âñüêà òà Êëàéïåäè îáðàí³ ê³íöåâèìè ïóíêòàìè ìàðøðóòó êóðñóâàííÿ «Â³ê³íãà» íåâèïàäêîâî: ³íôðàñòðóêòóðà îáîõ ïîðò³â äîçâîëÿº íà âèñîêîìó ð³âí³ â³äïðàâëÿòè ³ ïðèéìàòè âàíòàæ³. Â ²ëë³÷³âñüêó, íàïðèêëàä, ñòâîðåíî óñ³ íàëåæí³ óìîâè äëÿ ïðèéîìó òà â³äâàíòàæåííÿ çàë³çíè÷íèõ âàãîí³â, âåëèêîòîííàæíèõ àâòîìàøèí, êîíòåéíåð³â òà ïëàòôîðì. Çàäëÿ íàëåæíîãî îáñëóãîâóâàííÿ ïî¿çäà ïîðò ðîçðîáèâ ñïåö³àëüíó òåõíîëîã³þ íàâàíòàæåííÿ íà çàë³çíè÷í³ ïëàòôîðìè ñàìîõ³äíî¿ òåõí³êè (âåëèêîâàíòàæíèõ àâòîìîá³ë³â, àâòîïî¿çä³â) ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì àïàðåë³. Ìîá³ëüíà àïàðåëü ñïðîåêòîâàíà é ïîáóäîâàíà íà ìóëüòèìîäàëüíîìó òåðì³íàë³ ïîðòó. Òàêîæ ðîçðîáëåíî òåõíîëîã³þ íàâàíòàæåííÿ êîíòåéíåð³â â óìîâàõ ìóëüòèìîäàëüíîãî òåðì³íàëà. Âàíòàæàòü íà çàë³çíè÷í³ ïëàòôîðìè ïíåâìîêîë³ñí³ àâòîìîá³ëüí³ êðàíè âàíòàæîï³äéîìí³ñòþ 50 òîíí àáî êîíòåéíåðí³ àâòîíàâàíòàæóâà÷³ òèïó «Ð³÷ñòàêåð» âàíòàæîï³äéîìí³ñòþ 37 òîíí. Ñòâîðþþ÷è ïî¿çä, ïð³îðèòåòîì éîãî âèêîðèñòàííÿ ðîáèëè ïåðåâåçåííÿ çàâàíòàæåíèõ êîíòðåéëåð³â, àëå ðèíîê âèð³øèâ ³íàêøå: çà îñòàíí³ ðîêè ñòàëî î÷åâèäíèì, ùî öèì ìàðøðóòîì òðàíñïîðòóþòüñÿ ëèøå êîíòåéíåðè. Òàêîæ ïðàêòèêà ïîêàçàëà, ùî çàãàëüíèé ìàðøðóò ïî¿çäà âèêîðèñòîâóºòüñÿ íå ïîâíîþ ì³ðîþ. Çà ðîêè êóðñóâàííÿ ñïîñòåð³ãàëàñÿ ïåâíà äèñïðîïîðö³ÿ âàíòàæîïîòîêó: ñïî÷àòêó îñíîâíà ÷àñòèíà âàíòàæ³â ïðÿìóâàëà ç Óêðà¿íè äî Áàëò³¿. ²ñíóº âîíà ³ ñüîãîäí³, àëå… íàâïàêè. Çà ³íôîðìàö³ºþ «Óêðçàë³çíèö³», ó íàïðÿìêó Êëàéïåäñüêîãî ïîðòó 2008 ðîêó ñôîðìîâàíî ³ íàïðàâëåíî 69 ïî¿çä³â (ùî íà 1 ïî¿çä á³ëüøå, í³æ òîð³ê), à ó çâîðîòíîìó íàïðÿìêó — 140 ïî¿çä³â (íà 24 á³ëüøå, í³æ 2007-ãî). Íèí³ ñóòòºâîþ ïðîáëåìîþ º çàòðèìêà ðóõó ÷åðåç ñêëàäí³ òà òðèâàë³ ïðîöåäóðè êîíòðîëþ íà êîðäîí³. Íàïðèêëàä, íà êîðäîíàõ ªÑ ïåðåâ³ðêà ïî¿çäà òðèâàº ëèøå 30 õâèëèí. Ëèòîâñüê³ ìèòíèêè íà îñíîâ³ àíàë³çó ïîïåðåäíüî¿ ³íôîðìàö³¿ òà çàñòîñóâàííÿ ìèòíî¿ ³íôîðìàö³éíî¿ ñèñòåìè ASYSUDA, NCTS ñêëàäàþòü îö³íêó ðèçèêó é çàçäàëåã³äü âèçíà÷àþòü íåîáõ³äíèé ð³âåíü êîíòðîëþ. Ïîãëÿäè ³ íàì³ðè âñ³õ ñòîð³í áóëè ºäèíèìè — íåîáõ³äíî âæèòè ð³øó÷èõ ä³é, àáè óñóíóòè ïåðåøêîäè, ÿê³ ñòðèìóþòü ïîâíîö³ííó åêñïëóàòàö³þ ïî¿çäà. Óêðà¿í³, çîêðåìà, áóëî äîðó÷åíî ðîçðîáèòè ñïðîùå-

ÏÎÐÒ Ó ÑÈÑÒÅÌ² ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÈÕ ÊÎÐÈÄÎÐ²Â

ÊËÀÉÏÅÄÀ Â²ËÜÍÞÑ Ì²ÍÑÜÊ

ÊÎÐÎÑÒÅÍÜ

²ËË²×²ÂÑÜÊ

íèé ïîðÿäîê îôîðìëåííÿ é äîãëÿäó êîíòåéíåðíèõ âàíòàæ³â íà ïðèêîðäîííèõ ïåðåõîäàõ ³ â ïîðòàõ ²ëë³÷³âñüêà òà Îäåñè, ùî äîçâîëèëî áè åôåêòèâí³øå âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè ô³òèíãîâ³ ïëàòôîðìè ³ ñêîðîòèëî áè ÷àñ ïåðåáóâàííÿ êîíòåéíåð³â ó ïîðòàõ. Ëîã³÷íèì ïðîäîâæåííÿì ïåðåãîâîð³â ñòàëî ï³äïèñàííÿ ì³í³ñòðàìè òðàíñïîðòó òðüîõ êðà¿í ó Â³ëüíþñ³ Óãîäè ïðî ðîçâèòîê ïåðåâåçåíü â íàïðÿìêó Áàëò³éñüêå ìîðå — ×îðíå ìîðå. Ìåòà öüîãî äîêóìåíòà — âèêîðèñòàííÿ Óêðà¿íîþ, Ëèòâîþ ³ Á³ëîðóññþ óñ³õ çàñîá³â, ÿê³ ìîãëè áè ñêîðîòèòè ÷àñ òðàíçèòíèõ ïåðåâåçåíü òåðèòîð³ÿìè öèõ êðà¿í, âñòàíîâëåííÿ êîíêóðåíòíèõ òàðèô³â íà òàê³ ïîñëóãè, ñïðîùåííÿ é óí³ô³êóâàííÿ ïîâ’ÿçàíèõ ç öèì äîêóìåíò³â òà ïðîöåäóð.

THE BEGINNING The idea of broadening trans-continental connections and more effective use of the 9th transport corridor ‘Crete’ was declared at the 3rd inter-governmental meeting of Lithuanian Ukrainian commission on problems of cooperation in the trade and economic, science and technical which was held on the 17th July 2001 in Vilnius. The decision about the common work of the administrations of Ukrainian, Lithuanian and Belarusian railways and port administrations of Illichivsk, Odessa and Klaepeda was consolidated in the project of the organization of the train of combined transportation in the international transport corridor, Baltic- Black Sea. Owing to considerable preparation and the coordinated efforts of all sides one tariff for the whole return route of the train was set up. The train goes according to an exact schedule and its operational control is provided. The territory of all countries involved in Viking is given the greatest priority. A special railway subdivision provides military security for the train. The time of transportation of loads from one port to another is two days and the distance is 1733km.

sending and receiving of loads. Efficient conditions of receiving and unloading railway carriages, special platforms for containers and trucks were created in Illichivsk. For the efficient service of the train the port created a special technology for loading at the rail platforms, self propelled techniques ‘Trucks’ and ‘Autotrains’ with the use of ‘apparel’. This was designed and built in the multi modal terminal of the port. The technology of loading containers under multi modal terminal was also designed. The railway platforms are pneumo-wheeled auto cranes with the ability to lift 50 tons or container auto loaders like ‘Richstacker’ which can lift up to 37 tons.

procedures of control at customs. For example at the customs of the European Union the checking of trains takes only 30 minutes. The Lithuanian customs officials, by means of analysis of previous information and use of customs informational system ASYSUDA and NCTS estimate the risk and find the necessary level of control beforehand. In Ukraine control procedures are not decided so well now and checking of a load can continue much longer than in Lithuania. That’s why the Viking is delayed at customs. The views and intentions of all the parties were the same — it’s necessary to take decisive measures to remove preventions from efficient exploitation of the

Creating the train the priority of its use was transportation of loaded contrailers but the market decided another use: during the last years it became obvious that only containers are transported on this route. Practice also showed that the total route of the train isn’t fully used. During the years of its use some irrelevance in the turnover of goods was noticed: at first the main part of loads were transported from Ukraine to the Baltic. Nowadays this also occurs but on the contrary. According to information from ‘UKRZALIZNITSA’ 69 trains were formed and sent in the direction of Klaepeda port in 2008 (one more train than last year) while 140 trains returned (24 trains more than 2007). Now a topical problem is the delay of movement because of difficult and long

train. In particular Ukraine was charged with making an easier registration and care of container loads at customs points and in the ports of Illichivsk and Odessa which would enable us to use fitting platforms more effectively and reduce the time of being in containers at the ports. The logical continuation of the negotiations in March became the signing, by the ministers of transport of the three countries, an agreement about the development of transportation on the route Baltic/ Black Sea on the twelfth of May. The purpose of this document is the use by these countries of all the ways which can shorten the time of transit and transportation through the territories of these countries, the establishment of competitive tariffs for such a service and to simplify and unite the procedures connected with this document.

THE ADVANTAGES AND DETAILS OF THE PROJECT Viking was created for the transportation of autotrains, trailers and also 20 and 40 foot multi purpose containers, refrigerated and tank containers and creates the possibility to cover all con-trailer transportation. The advantages of the train compared with automobile transportations for the same route are well known: competitive tariffs, efficient transportation of the loads to destination, easier procedures of crossing borders and customs registration, security and ecological safety. Tariffs on railway container transportation by Viking are now approximately 30% lower than the same tariffs for auto transportation. One more advantage of Viking is the possibility of further transportation of loads from Illichivsk port to ports of Greece, Georgia, Bulgaria and the countries of Southern and Eastern Asia. And from Klaepeda to England, Belgium, Holland and Germany etc.. The sea ports of Illichivsk and Klaepeda were not chosen by chance as terminals of the Viking train: the infrastructure of both ports allows for the efficient

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

2008 ð³ê ñòàâ «ïåðåëîìíèì» â ³ñòîð³¿ «Â³ê³íãà». Ñòîðîíè ðîçïî÷àëè ä³¿ ç àêòèâ³çàö³¿ êóðñóâàííÿ ïî¿çäà íà ïîâíîìó ìàðøðóò³. Ïèòàííÿ åôåêòèâíî¿ ðåàë³çàö³¿ ïðîåêòó «Â³ê³íã», à ñàìå ïðîöåäóðè ìèòíîãî îôîðìëåííÿ, óçãîäæåííÿ òàðèô³â òà óìîâè ïåðåâåçåíü âàíòàæ³â ñòàëè îñíîâîþ òðèñòîðîííüî¿ çóñòð³÷³ ïðåäñòàâíèê³â Óêðà¿íè, Ëèòâè òà Á³ëîðóñ³, ùî â³äáóëàñÿ 4 áåðåçíÿ 2008 ðîêó â ²ëë³÷³âñüêîìó ìîðñüêîìó òîðãîâåëüíîìó ïîðòó. Çóñòð³÷ ïðîõîäèëà ï³ä ãîëîâóâàííÿì çàñòóïíèêà ì³í³ñòðà òðàíñïîðòó òà çâ’ÿçêó ².Óðáàíñüêîãî. Äåëåãàö³þ ïðèáàëò³â î÷îëþâàâ ñåêðåòàð Ì³í³ñòåðñòâà òðàíñïîðòó é êîìóí³êàö³é Ëèòîâñüêî¿ Ðåñïóáë³êè À.Âàéòêóñ. Ãîëîâîþ á³ëîðóñüêî¿ äåëåãàö³¿ áóâ çàñòóïíèê íà÷àëüíèêà ñëóæáè âàíòàæíî¿ ðîáîòè ³ çîâí³øíüîåêîíîì³÷íî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ Á³ëîðóñüêî¿ çàë³çíèö³ Â.Ìèõàéëîâñüêèé.

²ãîð ÓÐÁÀÍÑÜÊÈÉ, çàñòóïíèê Ì³í³ñòðà òðàíñïîðòó òà çâ’ÿçêó Óêðà¿íè

Igor URBANSKYY, deputy Minister of transport and communication Ukraine

Îñü ÿê ïðîêîìåíòóâàâ æóðíàëó «²ì³äæ.ua» ïîçèö³þ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ñòîðîíè çàñòóïíèê ì³í³ñòðà òðàíñïîðòó òà çâ’ÿçêó Óêðà¿íè ²ãîð ÓÐÁÀÍÑÜÊÈÉ. 2008 became a ‘crucial’ year in the history of Viking. The countries began the activation of the train across the full route. The problem of effective completion of the project ‘Viking’ more precisely the procedures of the customs registration and agreement of tariffs and conditions for the transportation of loads became the basis of three party negotiations of representatives from Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus which took place in Illichivsk port on the 4th March 2008. the head of the negotiations was the Minister of Transport and Communications, I. Urbanski. The delegation of Lithuanians was led by A. Vietkus, the Secretary of the ministry of Transport and Communication. The head of the Belarusian delegation was the Director of the Service of Loading and Foreign Activity of Belarusian Railways, V. Mikaelovski.

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

— ²ãîðå Àíàòîë³éîâè÷ó, ùî ïåðåøêîäæàº ñüîãîäí³ ïîâíîö³íí³é ðîáîò³ öüîãî ïðîåêòó? — Ñüîãîäí³ «Â³ê³íã» íå âèêîðèñòîâóº âåñü ñâ³é ïîòåíö³àë. Ïðè÷èíà òîìó — â³äñóòí³ñòü âàíòàæîïîòîêó. Çàðàäè ñïðàâåäëèâîñò³ ñêàæó, ùî, â ïðèíöèï³, öå ñâ³òîâà òåíäåíö³ÿ, ê³ëüê³ñòü âàíòàæîïåðåâåçåíü çà îñòàíí³é ð³ê çíèçèëàñÿ íà ï’ÿòäåñÿò â³äñîòê³â. Ìè ðîçøèðþºìî ãåîãðàô³þ «Â³ê³íãà». Íèí³ ðîçãëÿäàºòüñÿ ïèòàííÿ ùîäî çàëó÷åííÿ êðà¿í Ñêàíäèíàâ³¿ äî öüîãî ïðîåêòó. Òàêîæ äîìîâëÿºìîñÿ ïðî ïåðåãîâîðè ç òóðåöüêèìè êîìïàí³ÿìè. Òóðå÷÷èíà — äðóãà ó ñâ³ò³ êðà¿íà çà âèêîðèñòàííÿì àâòîìîá³ëüíîãî òðàíñïîðòó äëÿ äîïðàâëåííÿ âàíòàæ³â. Âåëè÷åçíèé âàíòàæîïîò³ê ³äå ç Òóðå÷÷èíè äî ªâðîïè. ×åðåç öå âèíèêàþòü ïðîáëåìè, ïîâ’ÿçàí³ ç çàáðóäíåííÿì íàâêîëèøíüîãî ñåðåäîâèùà, à òàêîæ ïåðåâàíòàæåííÿì àâòîøëÿõ³â ªâðîïè. Òîìó ìè õî÷åìî çàïðîïîíóâàòè öåé ïîòÿã òó-

ðåöüêèì òðàíñïîðòíèêàì. Êîðèñòü â³ä öüîãî ïðîåêòó íàñò³ëüêè âåëèêà, ùî íå âèêëèêàº ñóìí³â³â ùîäî ñâîº¿ åôåêòèâíîñò³. Â ªâðîï³ òàêîãî ïîòÿãà ùå íåìà. Òàêîæ ïëàíóºìî ðîçøèðèòè âàíòàæîïîò³ê ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì ô³äåðíîãî äîïðàâëåííÿ. ßêùî öå âäàñòüñÿ, ìè äàìî «Â³ê³íãîâ³» äðóãå æèòòÿ. — Õòî ç óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ñòîðîíè çàáåçïå÷óº ðóõîìèé ñêëàä ïîòÿãà? — Îñíîâíà êîìïàí³ÿ â Óêðà¿í³ — öå êîìïàí³ÿ «Ë³ñêè». Àëå ìè ïëàíóºìî çàëó÷àòè é ³íøèõ äî öüîãî ïðîåêòó. Ç öèì ïðîáëåì íå áóäå. Óêðà¿íñüê³ òðàíñïîðòí³ êîìïàí³¿ ìàþòü âåëèêèé ïîòåíö³àë, ùîá óïîðàòèñÿ ç ö³ºþ ðîáîòîþ. — ×è áóäóòü ÿê³ñü îáìåæåííÿ äëÿ êîìïàí³é, ÿê³ õî÷óòü âçÿòè ó÷àñòü ó ïðîåêò³? — Òàê, áóäóòü. Ïîñåðåäíèê³â ïðîñèìî íå òóðáóâàòè!

There are some comments for the magazine Image.ua about the position of the Ukrainian party of Igor Urbanski, the Minister of Transport and Communications. Mr Minister, what prevents the efficient work of this project today? Today Viking doesn’t use all of its potential. The reason for this is a lack of turnover of loads. To be honest this is a world wide tendency and the number of transported loads decreased by 50% during the last year. Now the question of prolonging the route to the Scandinavian countries is being discussed. We also are arranging negotiations with Turkish companies. Turkey is the second country in the world for its use of road transport for moving loads. A lot of loads come from turkey to Europe. That’s why some problems arise connected with pollution of the environment and also because of overloading the traffic routes of Europe. That’s why we want to offer this project to Turkish transport companies. The benefits of this project are huge so there are no doubts as to its effectiveness. Europe doesn’t have such a train. We also are planning to spread the transportation of loads with the use of Feeder Transportation. If we manage it this will give a second life to Viking. Who from the Ukrainian party provides the rolling stock? The main company in Ukraine is Liski. But we are planning to involve other companies in this project. We will not have problems with it. Ukrainian transport companies have a great potential to cope with this work. Will you have any limitations for the companies which want to take part in this project? Yes, there will be some, we ask mediators not to disturb us!

ÄÎ ÊÐÀÞ ÒÓÐÅÖÜÊÎÃÎ Ñïî÷àòêó ïðîåêò «Â³ê³íã» ñòâîðþâàâñÿ â ìåæàõ îðãàí³çàö³¿ ïåðåâåçåíü òðàíñïîðòíèì êîðèäîðîì ÒRÀÑÅÑÀ (ªâðîïà — Êàâêàç — Àç³ÿ). Ïðèºäíàííÿ äî ÷îðíîìîðñüêî-áàëò³éñüêîãî ïðîåêòó Òóðå÷÷èíè äîçâîëèòü àâòîìàòè÷íî çàëó÷èòè äî íüîãî ²ðàí, ²ðàê, Òóðêìåí³ñòàí, Àçåðáàéäæàí — êðà¿íè, ÿê³ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü òóðåöüê³ ïîðòè äëÿ òðàíçèòó. Öå äîäàñòü «Â³ê³íãîâ³» íîâèõ ñèë. Ç ö³º¿ òî÷êè çîðó ²ëë³÷³âñüê º äóæå âäàëèì ì³ñöåì. Ñàìå òóò óñï³øíî ôóíêö³îíóº çàë³çíè÷íî-ïîðîìíà ïåðåïðàâà Áîëãàð³ÿ — Óêðà¿íà — Ãðóç³ÿ (Âàðíà — ²ëë³÷³âñüê — Ïîò³/Áàòóì³), Óêðà¿íà — Òóðå÷÷èíà (²ëë³÷³âñüê — Äåðèíäæå). Íàÿâí³ñòü ðåãóëÿðíîãî çàë³çíè÷íî-ïîðîìíîãî ñïîëó÷åííÿ ì³æ Óêðà¿íîþ, Áîëãàð³ºþ òà Òóðå÷÷èíîþ íàäàº ïåðåâàãó êîíòðåéëåðíèì ïåðåâåçåííÿì âàíòàæ³â ç Òóðå÷÷èíè äî ªâðîïè òà ó çâîðîòíîìó íàïðÿìêó. Âêàçàí³ ïîðîìí³ ë³í³¿ îáñëóãîâóþòü ÷îòèðè çàë³çíè÷íèõ ïîðîìè ì³ñòê³ñòþ 108 âàãîí³â àáî âåëèêîâàíòàæíèõ àâòîìîá³ë³â êîæåí ³ îäèí ïîðîì ì³ñòê³ñòþ 49 âàãîí³â ³ 50 âåëèêîâàíòàæíèõ àâòîìîá³ë³â. Âñ³ ïîðîìè

TO TURKEY At first the project Viking was created within the organization of transportation through the corridor ‘TRACECA’ (Europe — Caucasus — Asia). The joining of turkey to the Black Sea /Baltic project automatically will enable Iran, Iraq, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan to become involved, countries which use Turkish ports for transit. It will give new power to Viking. From this point of view Illichivsk is a very beneficial place. Here the railway ferry Bulgaria / Ukraine / Georgia (Varna — Illichivsk — Poti — Batumi) and Ukraine — Turkey (Illichivsk — Derindja) function successfully. The existence of regular railway ferry connection between Ukraine, Bulgaria and Turkey gives the advantage to con — trailer transportation of loads from Turkey to Europe and back. These ferry lines service four railway ferries of 108 carriages or trucks each and one ferry with 49 carriages and fifty trucks. Every ferry has a precise timetable of movement. The power of the terminal enables two ferries to be serviced at the same time.

ìàþòü ÷³òêèé ðîçêëàä ðóõó. Ïîòóæíîñò³ òåðì³íàëà äîçâîëÿþòü îäíî÷àñíî îáñëóãîâóâàòè äâà ïîðîìè. Ñàìå òîìó äî ²ëë³÷³âñüêîãî ïîðòó ó òðàâí³ öüîãî ðîêó ïðèáóëè ïîâíîâàæí³ ïîñëè Ëèòîâñüêî¿ Ðåñïóáë³êè, àêðåäèòîâàí³ â êðà¿íàõ ×îðíîìîðñüêîãî áàñåéíó — â Óêðà¿í³, Òóðå÷÷èí³, Ãðóç³¿, à òàêîæ ïîñëè é ñï³âðîá³òíèêè äèïëîìàòè÷íèõ ì³ñ³é Ëèòâè â Á³ëîðóñ³, Ìîëäîâ³, Àçåðáàéäæàí³, Â³ðìåí³¿, êîíñóë Ëèòâè â Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðç³, ïðåäñòàâíèêè Ì³í³ñòåðñòâà òðàíñïîðòó é êîìóí³êàö³é Ëèòâè, äèðåêö³¿ äåïàðòàìåíòó çàë³çíèöü Ëèòâè, àäì³í³ñòðàö³¿ Êëàéïåäñüêîãî ïîðòó. Òåìîþ îáãîâîðåííÿ â ìåæàõ ïðîâåäåíîãî êðóãëîãî ñòîëó áóëè ïèòàííÿ ùîäî çàëó÷åííÿ âàíòàæîïîòîê³â äî ïî¿çäà «Â³ê³íã» òà ïîøóêó ìîæëèâîñòåé ïðîäîâæèòè ìàðøðóò ÷åðåç ×îðíå ìîðå äî Òóðå÷÷èíè òà êðà¿í Êàâêàçó. Óêðà¿íñüêî-ëèòîâñüêèé ä³àëîã îòðèìàâ ðîçâèòîê íà ïåðåãîâîðàõ â Îäåñ³. Ïèòàííÿ ïîäîâæåííÿ ìàðøðóòó äî Òóðå÷÷èíè îáãîâîðþâàëèñÿ íà ð³âí³ êåð³âíèê³â ïðîô³ëüíèõ ì³í³ñòåðñòâ Ëèòîâñüêî¿ Ðåñïóáë³êè, Óêðà¿íè, Òóðå÷÷èíè.

In Illichivsk port the representative ambassadors of the Lithuanian Republic accredited in the countries of the Black Sea, Georgia, Ukraine and Turkey and also the ambassadors and workers of the diplomatic delegations of Lithuania in Belarus, Moldova, Azerbaijan and Armenia, the consul of Lithuania in St Petersburg and the representatives of the Ministry of transport and communications of Lithuania, the management of the department of Lithuanian railways and the administration of Klaepeda port. The problems of the involvement of loads to the train Viking and searching for possibilities to prolong the route through the Black Sea to Turkey and the Caucasus countries were discussed. The Ukrainian Lithuanian dialogue was developed at the negotiations in Odessa on the 26th of June. The problem of prolonging the route to Turkey was discussed by the leaders of the different ministries of the Lithuanian Republic, Ukraine and Turkey.

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

Ïðî ó÷àñòü Ëèòâè ó ñï³ëüíîìó ïðîåêò³ «Â³ê³íã» ðîçïîâ³äàº ñåêðåòàð (çàñòóïíèê ì³í³ñòðà) Ì³í³ñòåðñòâà òðàíñïîðòó é êîìóí³êàö³é Ëèòâè Àðâ³äàñ ÂÀÉÒÊÓÑ: — Ïî÷èíàþ÷è ç 2002 ðîêó, ÿ áåðó ó÷àñòü ó ðîáîò³ ì³æóðÿäîâî¿ êîì³ñ³¿ Ëèòâè é Óêðà¿íè é äîòåïåð êåðóþ ðîáî÷îþ ãðóïîþ ç áîêó ëèòîâñüêî¿ äåëåãàö³¿. Òîáòî äîâîäèòüñÿ ïðèéìàòè ð³øåííÿ é çàáåçïå÷óâàòè ¿õíþ ðåàë³çàö³þ. Ìåí³ îñîáèñòî öåé ïðîåêò ³ìïîíóº òèì, ùî â³í çìóñèâ øóêàòè á³ëüø îïòèìàëüí³ øëÿõè âçàºìîä³¿ ñóõîïóòíîãî é ìîðñüêîãî òðàíñïîðòó. Îñê³ëüêè ÿ îï³êóþñÿ ìîðñüêèì ñåãìåíòîì, ìåí³ áóëî âàæëèâî ïðèñêîðèòè ïåðåâàëêó âàíòàæ³â ³ç ñóõîïóòíîãî òðàíñïîðòó íà ìîðñüê³ ñóäíà, à äëÿ öüîãî ïîòð³áíî áóëî ìîäåðí³çóâàòè ³íôðàñòðóêòóðó ï³ä’¿çíèõ çàë³çíèöü. Çàë³çíèöÿ ìîæå äóæå çëàãîäæåíî ïðàöþâàòè ç ìîðñüêèì òðàíñïîðòîì, ÿêùî ñòâîðåíî íîðìàëüíó ³íôðàñòðóêòóðó äëÿ ïåðåâàíòàæåííÿ. Ïî¿çä çäàòíèé çà îäèí ðàç ïåðåâî-

Arvidas Vaitkus — the secretary (Vice Minister) of the Ministry of Transport and Communications of Lithuania: Since 2002 I’ve taken part in the work of inter-governmental commissions of Ukraine and Lithuania and led the workgroup of the Lithuanian delegation. So I have to make decisions and see to their implementation. I like this project because it made me look for better ways of cooperation in land and sea transport. As I look after the Sea part it was important for me to accelerate the transference of loads from land transport to ships and the infrastructure of railways had to be modernized for this. The railway can work with sea transport very harmoniously if the appropriate infrastructure for transferring loads is created. The train is able to transport more loads at the same time and modern ships also can do the same. The winter 2002-03 was very cold. Almost the whole Baltic Sea was frozen

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

çèòè âàíòàæ³ â á³ëüøèõ ðîçì³ðàõ, òàê ñàìî ³ ñó÷àñí³ êîðàáë³. ßêðàç â 2002–2003 ðîêàõ áóëà äóæå õîëîäíà çèìà. Ìàéæå âñå Áàëò³éñüêå ìîðå âêðèëîñÿ êðèãîþ, àëå óçáåðåææÿ Êëàéïåäè íå çàìåðçëî, à îñê³ëüêè òàì óæå ä³ÿëè ë³í³¿ ç ïåðåâàíòàæåííÿ êîíòåéíåð³â, öåé ìîäóëü çðîáèâ Êëàéïåäñüêèé ïîðò òîä³ «ç³ðêîþ». ² äîòåïåð Êëàéïåäà çáåð³ãàº ë³äåðñòâî ó ñôåð³ êîíòåéíåðíèõ âàíòàæîïåðåâåçåíü íà ñõ³äíîìó óçáåðåææ³ Áàëòèêè. «Â³ê³íã» ðîçøèðèâ ö³ ìîæëèâîñò³. ² ñüîãîäí³ íàéá³ëüø³ òðàíñïîðòí³ êîìïàí³¿, òàê³ ÿê MSI, ÌAJERSK, ðîçãëÿäàþòü ìîæëèâ³ñòü ó Êëàéïåä³ ñòâîðèòè âàíòàæîïåðåâàëþâàëüí³ áàçîâ³ êîíòåéíåðí³ öåíòðè. ² îäíå ç êëþ÷îâèõ ïèòàíü: ÷è çáåðåæå «Â³êèíã» ñâî¿ ãîëîâí³ ïåðåâàãè — øâèäê³ñòü, êîíêóðåíòí³ òàðèôè, óí³âåðñàëüí³ñòü ³ çëàãîäæåí³ñòü ùîäî çä³éñíåííÿ ìèòíèõ ïðîöåäóð ï³ä ÷àñ ïðîõîäæåííÿ êîðäîí³â. ² õî÷à åêîíîì³÷í³ é ïîë³òè÷í³ óìîâè â óñ³õ òðüîõ äåðæàâàõ, ÿê³ çàëó÷åí³ äî ïðîåêòó, º ð³çíèìè, ïðàêòè÷íî âñ³ âîíè ìîæóòü óñï³øíî çä³éñíþâàòè

but the coast of Klaepeda wasn’t affected and as the lines of transferring containers worked there it made Klaepeda famous. And by now the port keeps the leadership in the sphere of container transportation of loads on the eastern coast of the Baltic. Viking broadened these possibilities. And now the biggest transport companies such as MSI, MAJERSK are considering the possibility of the creation of basic container transfer services in Klaepeda. One of the main questions is will Viking keep its main advantages? Speed , competitive tariffs, universal and harmonious operation of customs procedures at border crossings. Despite the difference of the economical and political conditions of all three countries all of them can carry out common transport and transit projects successfully. Viking has been working for five years and this is the result of their efforts. Unfortunately the load turnover between Klaepeda and Illichivsk is still not

ñï³ëüí³ òðàíñïîðòí³ ³ òðàíçèòí³ ïðîåêòè. «Â³ê³íã» óñï³øíî «ïðàöþº» âæå 5 ðîê³â, ³ öå çàñëóãà âñ³õ òðüîõ äåðæàâ. Øêîäà, ùî âàíòàæîîá³ã ì³æ Êëàéïåäîþ òà ²ëë³÷³âñüêîì ùå íåâåëèêèé, àëå ì³æ Êëàéïåäîþ òà Ì³íñüêîì â³í ñêëàäàº ïîíàä 40 òèñ. TEU. Íà öüîìó â³äð³çêó çàë³çíèö³ ïðîõîäèòü íå ìåíøå îäíîãî ïîòÿãà íà äåíü, à ÷àñîì ³ òðè. Öå äóæå îáíàä³þº, î÷åâèäíà ïåðñïåêòèâí³ñòü ïðîåêòó. ßêùî ïðîåêò ðîçâèâàòèìåòüñÿ (à çàö³êàâëåí³ñòü ó öüîìó ïðîÿâëÿº é Òóðå÷÷èíà, ³ Øâåö³ÿ, é ³íø³ êðà¿íè), òî âæå íåçàáàðîì íàáóäå íåàáèÿêî¿ ïîïóëÿðíîñò³ é àêòèâíî ïðàöþâàòèìå ñàìå â Óêðà¿í³. Ó Òóðå÷÷èí³, ÿê â³äîìî, îñíîâí³ âàíòàæîïåðåâåçåííÿ ïðèïàäàþòü íà àâòîòðàíñïîðò, àëå ï³ä ÷àñ çóñòð³÷³ òóðåöüêèõ, ëèòîâñüêèõ òà óêðà¿íñüêèõ ôàõ³âö³â â Îäåñ³ ÿê ðàç ³øëîñÿ ïðî ìîæëèâ³ñòü ïåðåíåñåííÿ ÷àñòèíè àâòîòðàíñïîðòó é âàíòàæ³â íà ïëàòôîðìè, ÿê³ ìàº Óêðà¿íà. Ìîæíà âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè â³äïîâ³äí³ äèñòðèáóö³éí³ öåíòðè â Êèºâ³, Ì³íñüêó òà Â³ëüíþñ³. Ìè ñüîãîäí³ ðîáèìî êîíêðåòí³ êðîêè ç³ ñòâîðåííÿ

öåíòðó ëîã³ñòèêè ó Â³ëüíþñ³, çãîäîì òàêèé öåíòð ìàº ç’ÿâèòèñÿ é ó Êèºâ³. Á³ëüø³ñòü êðà¿í çàóâàæóº ñêëàäíîù³, ùî âèíèêàþòü ïðè ïåðåòèí³ êîðäîí³â Óêðà¿íè. Äóìàþ, ùî ï³ñëÿ âíåñåííÿ ïåâíèõ ïîïðàâîê äî ïðàâîâèõ àêò³â, óêðà¿íö³ çìîæóòü âèð³øèòè ö³ ïèòàííÿ. Öüîìó áóëà ïðèñâÿ÷åíà çóñòð³÷ â Îäåñ³ çà ó÷àñòþ ìèòíèê³â ³ ï³äïðèºìö³â Ëèòâè é Óêðà¿íè. Ëèòîâñüê³ ìèòíèêè ³íôîðìóþòü ñâî¿õ óêðà¿íñüêèõ êîëåã ïðî äîñâ³ä âñòóïó äî ªÑ. 2004 ðîêó, êîëè ìè ãîòóâàëèñÿ ñòàòè ÷ëåíàìè ªâðîïåéñüêîãî Ñîþçó, çâó÷àëè çàñòåðåæåííÿ, ùî öå óñêëàäíèòü ïðîöåäóðè ïðîõîäæåííÿ ìèòíî¿ ïåðåâ³ðêè, àëå ìè òåïåð äóæå ðàä³, ùî ïî¿çä «Â³ê³íã» äîëàº êîðäîíè é óñ³ òàìòåøí³ ïðîöåäóðè òðèâàþòü ï³âãîäèíè-ãîäèíó, íå á³ëüøå. ×óäîâèé ðåçóëüòàò. Íàø³ êðà¿íè í³êîëè íå ñâàðèëèñÿ, í³êîëè íå âîþâàëè îäíå ç îäíèì. Â íàø³é ³ñòîð³¿ — ëèøå ñòîð³íêè ñï³âïðàö³ é êóëüòóðíîãî îáì³íó. ß á ì³ã áåç ê³íöÿ ïåðåðàõîâóâàòè ïðèêëàäè äîáðîñóñ³äñüêèõ êîíòàêò³â. Íèí³øí³ì ïîë³òè÷íèì ë³äåðàì Ëèòâè é Óêðà¿íè òðåáà ïîñòàðàòèñÿ íå ç³ïñóâàòè öþ ³ñòîð³þ ïë³äíî¿ ñï³âïðàö³.

substantial but between Klaepeda and Minsk it’s more than 40,000TEU. On this part of the railway at least one train per day comes and sometimes three trains a day. It’s a very hopeful sign and the prospects of the project are obvious. If the project is developed (Turkey, Sweden and other countries are interested in it) It will be very popular soon and work actively in Ukraine. As for now in Turkey the main load transportation form is by road but this year during the negotiations of Turkish, Lithuanian and Ukrainian experts in Odessa the subject of transferring part of Turkish auto transport and loads to Ukrainian railcars was discussed. Distribution centers in Kiev Minsk and Vilnius can be used for it. Today we make some firm steps towards the creation of a center of logistics in Vilnius. Soon such a center should also appear in Kiev. Most of the countries admit to difficulties which arise at the Ukrainian customs points. I think that after some corrections

Àðâ³äàñ ÂÀÉÒÊÓÑ, Äåðæàâíèé Ñåêðåòàð Ì³í³ñòåðñòâà òðàíñïîðòó ³ êîìóí³êàö³é Ëèòîâñüêî¿ Ðåñïóáë³êè Arvidas VAITKUS, State Secretary, Ministry of Transport and Communications, Lithuania

in the juridical acts Ukrainians will be able to solve these problems. The negotiation in Odessa between the customs officials and business men of Lithuania and Ukraine was devoted to it. The Lithuanian customs officials informed their Ukrainian colleagues about their experience of entry to the European Union. In 2004 when we were preparing to enter the European Union there were some warnings that it might complicate the procedures of control at customs and now we are very happy that the train is working across the borders with customs procedures taking only one hour or sometimes even 30 minutes, it’s an excellent result. Our countries have never quarreled and never been at war. Our history has only pages of cooperation and cultural exchange. I can count endlessly the examples of good neighborly contacts. The political leaders of Lithuania and Ukraine today have to try not to spoil this history of fruitful cooperation.

One more negotiation Ukraine — Lithuania — Belarus — Turkey, took place in Kiev on the 23rd of October. The participants of the negotiation agreed to continue working toward the development of this project. The participants also discussed the creation of a on Problems of the route of Viking. Taking into account the urgency of the problem of optimization of the control procedures during the transporting of loads between the countries the parties agreed to involve the representatives of customs and other competent services of the four countries in the national area of the Coordination Committee. During the numerous negotiations transport executives from all the participating countries proved their readiness to ensure that the Viking kept to its schedule. The establishment of customs and other types of control are essential to the smooth working and continuance of the project.

ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍÅ Ï²ÄÏÐÈªÌÑÒÂÎ «²ËË²×²ÂÑÜÊÈÉ ÌÎÐÑÜÊÈÉ ÒÎÐÃÎÂÅËÜÍÈÉ ÏÎÐÒ» ²ëë³÷³âñüêèé ïîðò º â³äïðàâíèì ³ ê³íöåâèì ïóíêòîì êîíòðåéëåðíîãî ïî¿çäà «Â³ê³íã», ùî êóðñóº çà ìàðøðóòîì ²ëë³÷³âñüê (Óêðà¿íà) — Êè¿â (Óêðà¿íà) — Ì³íñüê (Á³ëîðóñü) — Â³ëüíþñ (Ëèòâà) — Êëàéïåäà (Ëèòâà) ³ ó çâîðîòíîìó íàïðÿìêó.

Ìóëüòèìîäàëüíèé êîìïëåêñ ²ÌÒÏ Çàë³çíè÷íî-ïîðîìí³ ë³í³¿, ÿê³ ç’ºäíóþòü Óêðà¿íó ç Áîëãàð³ºþ (Âàðíà), Ãðóç³ºþ (Ïîò³, Áàòóì³) ³ Òóðå÷÷èíîþ (Äåðèíäæå). Íà ë³í³ÿõ ïðàöþþòü äâà áîëãàðñüêèõ ïîðîìè («Ãåðî¿ Îäåñè», «Ãåðî¿ Ñåâàñòîïî-

ëÿ») ³ äâà óêðà¿íñüêèõ («Ãåðî¿ Øèïêè», «Ãåðî¿ Ïëåâíè»). Ì³ñòê³ñòü êîæíîãî ïîðîìà — 108 çàë³çíè÷íèõ âàãîí³â àáî âåëèêîâàíòàæíèõ àâòîìîá³ë³â. Íà ë³í³¿ «²ëë³÷³âñüê — Ïîò³» ïðàöþº ïàðîì «Ãðåéñâàëüä» ì³ñòê³ñòþ 49 âàãîí³â ³ 50 àâòîìîá³ë³â.

Ïîòóæí³ñòü êîìïëåêñó Îïåðàö³¿ ç âàãîíàìè — 4,5 ìëí ò íà ð³ê. Îïåðàö³¿ ç êîíòåéíåðàìè é àâòîòðàíñïîðòîì — 150 òèñ. ò íà ð³ê. Îäíî÷àñíå îáñëóãîâóâàííÿ äâîõ çàë³çíè÷íèõ ïîðîì³â ³ äâîõ àâòîïîðîì³â. Ñêëàä êîë³ñíî¿ àâòîòåõí³êè ì³ñòê³ñòþ 6700 à/ì ³ 130 TEU/TIR.

×àñ ïîðîì³â íà øëÿõàõ: ²ëë³÷³âñüê — Âàðíà 18 ãîä. ²ëë³÷³âñüê — Ïîò³ 44 ãîä. ²ëë³÷³âñüê — Áàòóì³ 46 ãîä. ²ëë³÷³âñüê — Äåðèíäæå 27 ãîä. Äåòàëüí³øó ³íôîðìàö³þ ìîæíà ä³çíàòèñÿ íà ñàéò³ www.ilport.com.ua e-mail: port@ilport.com. Âóë. Ïðàö³, 6, ì. ²ëë³÷³âñüê, Îäåñüêà îáë., 68001, Óêðà¿íà Òåë.. + 38 (048) 760 86 00 Ôàêñ + 38 (048) 760 06 06

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ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

Illichivsky port is the starting point and final destination of contrailer train «Viking» that follows the rout Illichivsk (Ukraine) — Kiev (Ukraine) — Minsk (Belorus) — Vilnius (Lithuania) — Klaipeda (Lithuania) and vice versa.

Multimodal complex of ISTP Railway — ferry lines that join Ukraine with Bulgaria (Varna), Georgia (Poti, Batumi), Turkey (Darindge); Two Bulgarian ferries work on the shipping line («Heroes of Odessa», «Heroes of Sevastopol») and two Ukrainians («Heroes of Shipka», «Heroes of Plevna»). Volume of each is 108 railway carriages Also «Gracewald» ferry works on «Illichivsk — Poti» shipping line volume of which is 49 carriages and 50 cars

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

STATE ENTERPRISE «ILLICHIVSKY SEA TRADING PORT» Capacity of the complex Operations with the carriages — 4,5 mln a year Operations with containers and autovehicles — 150 thousand a year Simultaneous service of two railway ferries and two auto ferries Storehouse of wheeled auto equipment with capaciousness of 6700 automobiles and 130 TEU/TIR

Time of ferries on their routs Illichivsk — Varna 18 hours Illichivsk — Poti 44 hours Illichivsk — Batumi 46 hours Illichivsk — Derindge 27 hours

For further information visit www.ilport.com.ua e-mail: port@ilport.com Address: avenue Pratsi 6, Illichivsk, Odessa region, Ukraine 68001 Tel: +38 (048) 760 86 00 Fax: +38 (048) 760 06 06

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ÊËÀÉÏÅÄÑÜÊÈÉ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍÈÉ ÌÎÐÑÜÊÈÉ ÏÎÐÒ Êëàéïåäñüêèé ïîðò — êðàéí³é ï³âí³÷íèé íåçàìåðçàþ÷èé ïîðò, ðîçòàøîâàíèé íà ñõ³äíîìó óçáåðåææ³ Áàëò³éñüêîãî ìîðÿ. Ïîðò ìàº áàãàòîö³ëüîâå ïðèçíà÷åííÿ ³ îáëàäíàíèé ïîíàä 25 ñïåö³àë³çîâàíèìè âàíòàæíèìè òåðì³íàëàìè. Ó Êëàéïåä³ çàáåçïå÷åíî ìîæëèâ³ñòü îáðîáêè áóäü-ÿêèõ òèï³â âàíòàæ³â. Çðó÷íå ãåîãðàô³÷íå ðîçòàøóâàííÿ, îïåðàòèâí³ñòü âèêîíàííÿ ïîðòîâèõ îïåðàö³é, øèðîêèé ñïåêòð ïîñëóã. Êëàéïåäà — ãëèáîêîâîäíèé ïîðò. Ãëèáèíà âõ³äíîãî êàíàëó ñòàíîâèòü 15,5 ì, ñóäíîïëàâíèé êàíàë ìàº ãëèáèíó 13–15 ì. Ùîðîêó ïîðò ïðèéìàº áëèçüêî 8000 ñóäåí ³ç 65 êðà¿í. 2008 ð. îáñÿãè âàíòàæ³â, ùî ïðîõîäÿòü ÷åðåç Êëàéïåäñüêèé ïîðò, ïðîäîâæóâàëè çðîñòàòè. Îäíèì ç íàéïåðñïåêòèâí³øèõ ³íâåñòèö³éíèõ ïðîåêò³â Êëàéïåäñüêîãî ïîðòó ìîæå ñòàòè áóä³âíèöòâî ãëèáîêîâîäíîãî (äî 17,5 ì) àâàíïîðòó. 2009 ðîêó äèðåêö³ÿ ÊÄÌÏ ïðîàíàë³çóº äîö³ëüí³ñòü éîãî ñïîðóäæåííÿ òà åêñïëóàòàö³¿. 2010-ãî áóäå ïðîâåäåíî îö³íêó âïëèâó ïðîåêòó íà íàâêîëèøíº ñåðåäîâèùå. Îð³ºíòîâíî áóä³âíèöòâî ìîæå ðîçïî÷àòèñü 2012 ðîêó.

Ïðîãíîçîâàí³ ïåðåâàãè ñïîðóäæåííÿ àâàíïîðòó: Ðîçì³ùåííÿ òàíêåð³â íàéá³ëüøîãî òîííàæó, ùî ìîæóòü óâ³éòè ó Áàëò³éñüêå ìîðå. Çíèæåííÿ àêòèâíîñò³ íàâ³ãàö³¿ â êàíàë³ âíóòð³øíüîãî ïîðòó òà ï³äâèùåííÿ ð³âíÿ íàâ³ãàö³éíî¿ áåçïåêè. Çíà÷íå ðîçøèðåííÿ òåðèòîð³¿ äëÿ ðîáîòè ç êîíòåéíåðàìè, ùî íåîáõ³äíî ÷åðåç ñòð³ìêèé ðîçâèòîê êîíòåéíåðíèõ ïåðåâåçåíü ³ çá³ëüøåííÿ îáñÿãó êîíòåéíåð³â ó ñõ³äí³é ÷àñòèí³ Áàëò³éñüêîãî ðåã³îíó. Íàäàííÿ äåðæàâ³ àëüòåðíàòèâíîãî ñïîñîáó ³ìïîðòó ñêðàïëåíîãî ïðèðîäíîãî ãàçó ÷åðåç òåðì³íàëè.

Äåòàëüí³øó ³íôîðìàö³þ ìîæíà îòðèìàòè íà ñàéò³ www.portofklaipeda.lt å-mail: info@port.lt Äèðåêö³ÿ Êëàéïåäñüêîãî äåðæàâíîãî ìîðñüêîãî òðàíñïîðòó Âóë. Þ.ßíîí³î, 24, Êëàéïåäà, Ëèòâà Òåë..: +370 46 499 624 Ôàêñ: + 370 466 499 625

KLIPEDA STATE SEA PORT Klipeda port is the furthest north ice free port, located on the West coast of the Baltic Sea. It is a multi purpose port which is equipped with more than 25 specialized freight terminals. Klipeda guarantees any kind of load (freight) processing. Convenient geographical position, promptness of any port operations and a wide range of services are guaranteed on Klipeda. Klipeda is deep-sea port. The depth of the entry channel is 15,5 m, navigable channel is 13-15 m deep. Each year the port receives around 8000 vessels from 65 countries. In 2008 the amount of freight that went through Klipeda continued to increase. One of the most perspective investment projects in Klipeda port is the building of a deep-sea outer harbour (up to 17.5m). Next year the authorities of KSSP are going to analyze the expediency of its construction and usage, in 2010 the project’s influence on the environment will be evaluated and estimated date for the beginning of the construction will be in 2012.

Predicted advantages of the construction of the outer harbour: placing the biggest tonnage that can enter the Baltic Sea lowering navigation activity in the inner port channel and increasing the navigation security level considerable extension of the territory for the work with containers which is very necessary due to the fast development of container transportation and increasing number of containers in the Baltic region Providing the country with an alternative way of importing of liquefied gas through the terminals

For further information visit www.portofklipeda.it e-mail: info@port.it Authorities of KSSP Address: Yanonio str 24, Klipeda, Lithuania Tel: +37 46 499 624 Fax: +37 466 499 625

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ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍÅ Ï²ÄÏÐÈªÌÑÒÂÎ «ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÑÜÊÈÉ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍÈÉ ÖÅÍÒÐ ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎÃÎ ÑÅÐÂ²ÑÓ «Ë²ÑÊÈ» Êîìïàí³ÿ çä³éñíþº äîïðàâëåííÿ âàíòàæ³â ó áóäü-ÿêîìó íàïðÿìêó, ïîºäíóþ÷è ôóíêö³îíàëüíèé ïîòåíö³àë àâòîìîá³ëüíîãî, çàë³çíè÷íîãî é ìîðñüêîãî òðàíñïîðòó, çä³éñíþº ïåðåâåçåííÿ âàíòàæ³â â óí³âåðñàëüíèõ 20- ³ 40-ôóòîâèõ êîíòåéíåðàõ, ðåôðèæåðàòîðíèõ ³ òàíê-êîíòåéíåðàõ, à òàêîæ åêñïåäèðóº áóäü-ÿê³ âàíòàæ³ çàë³çíè÷íèì ³ ³íøèì âèäàìè òðàíñïîðòó. Ìàº íàä³éí³ é ñòàá³ëüí³ äîãîâ³ðí³ â³äíîñèíè ç ïðîâ³äíèìè åêñïåäèòîðñüêèìè îðãàí³çàö³ÿìè ÑÍÄ ³ ªâðîïè, ùî äîçâîëÿº ïðîâàäèòè êîìïëåêñíå òðàíñïîðòíî-åêñïåäèö³éíå îáñëóãîâóâàííÿ âàíòàæ³â êë³ºíò³â ç äîïðàâëåííÿì âàíòàæó çà ñõåìîþ «â³ä äâåðåé äî äâåðåé» òåðèòîð³ºþ êðà¿í ÑÍÄ, Áàëò³¿ òà ªâðîïè.

Ïî¿çä êîìá³íîâàíîãî òðàíñïîðòó «Â³ê³íã» — öå:

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ç’ºäíàííÿ ìåðåæ³ ìîðñüêèõ êîíòåéíåðíèõ ë³í³é Áàëò³éñüêîãî ðåã³îíó ç àíàëîã³÷íîþ ñèñòåìîþ ×îðíîãî, Ñåðåäçåìíîãî òà Êàñï³éñüêîãî ìîð³â; ÷àñ ó äîðîç³ — äâ³ äîáè; äîâæèíà ìàðøðóòó — 1733 êì; ïåðåâåçåííÿ 20- ³ 40-ôóòîâèõ óí³âåðñàëüíèõ êîíòåéíåð³â, ðåôðèæåðàòîðíèõ ³ òàíê-êîíòåéíåð³â, à òàêîæ íàï³âïðè÷åï³â ³ àâòîïî¿çä³â.

Ïåðåâàãè òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ âàíòàæ³â ñïåöïîòÿãîì «Â³ê³íã» êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæí³ òàðèôè; îïåðàòèâíå äîïðàâëåííÿ âàíòàæ³â äî ñòàíö³¿ ïðèçíà÷åííÿ; ñïðîùåí³ ïðîöåäóðè ïåðåòèíó êîðäîí³â ³ ìèòíîãî îôîðìëåííÿ; áåçïåêà é åêîëîã³÷í³ñòü; ìîæëèâ³ñòü ïîäàëüøîãî äîïðàâëåííÿ âàíòàæ³â ç ²ëë³÷³âñüêîãî òà Îäåñüêîãî ïîðò³â êîíòåéíåðíèìè é ïîðîìíèìè ë³í³ÿìè äî Òóðå÷÷èíè, Ãðóç³¿, Áîëãàð³¿, êðà¿í Ï³âäåííî-Ñõ³äíî¿ Àç³¿; ìîæëèâ³ñòü ïîäàëüøîãî äîïðàâëåííÿ âàíòàæ³â ç Êëàéïåäñüêîãî ïîðòó êîíòåéíåðíèìè é ïîðîìíèìè ë³í³ÿìè äî ïîðò³â Àíãë³¿, Áåëüã³¿, Ãîëëàíä³¿, Í³ìå÷÷èíè, Øâåö³¿ òà ³íøèõ êðà¿í.

Êîìïàí³ÿ ïðîïîíóº òàêèé ñïåêòð ïîñëóã: Åêñïåäèðóâàííÿ âàíòàæ³â òåðèòîð³ºþ ÑÍÄ ³ ³íøèõ êðà¿í — çàë³çíèöåþ, ìîðåì ³ â çì³øàíîìó ñïîëó÷åíí³. Ïåðåâåçåííÿ âàíòàæ³â ó êîíòåéíåðàõ. Îðãàí³çàö³ÿ ïåðåâåçåíü âàíòàæ³â ÷åðåç ïîðîìí³ ïåðåïðàâè. Ìèòíå îôîðìëåííÿ âàíòàæ³â. Ïåðåâåçåííÿ íàäãàáàðèòíèõ, íåãàáàðèòíèõ ³ âåëèêîâàãîâèõ âàíòàæ³â.

Íàãëÿä çà âàíòàæåì ³ îïåðàòèâíå óñóíåííÿ çàòðèìîê Îðãàí³çàö³ÿ ïåðåâåçåíü òðàíçèòíèõ âàíòàæ³â, âðàõîâóþ÷è ìèòíå îôîðìëåííÿ. Äîïðàâëåííÿ «â³ä äâåðåé äî äâåðåé» ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì àâòîòðàíñïîðòó. Ðîçðîáëåííÿ ìàðøðóò³â ³ óìîâ ïåðåâåçåííÿ, ðîçðàõóíîê âàðòîñò³ â³ä ïóíêò³â â³äïðàâëåííÿ äî ïóíêò³â ïðèçíà÷åííÿ, íåçàëåæíî â³ä ê³ëüêîñò³ âèä³â òðàíñïîðòó, ùî âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ ó õîä³ äîïðàâëåííÿ âàíòàæ³â. Ïîñëóãè ç îáðîáêè âàíòàæ³â íà òåðì³íàëàõ, âðàõîâóþ÷è çì³íó âèä³â òðàíñïîðòó, à òàêîæ ïîñëóãè ìèòíî-ë³öåíç³éíîãî ñêëàäó. Êîìïëåêñíà îáðîáêà âàíòàæ³â, ùî ïðèáóâàþòü ç ïîðò³â Îäåñè òà ²ëë³÷³âñüêà íà òåðì³íàë³ öåíòðó íà ñò. Îäåñà — Ë³ñêè Îäåñüêî¿ çàë³çíèö³. Êîíòðåéëåðí³ ïåðåâåçåííÿ ïî¿çäîì «Â³ê³íã» ( ²ëë³÷³âñüê — Êè¿â — Êëàéïåäà). Ñòðàõóâàííÿ âàíòàæ³â.

Ô³ë³¿ öåíòðó â ì³ñòàõ: Îäåñà, Äí³ïðîïåòðîâñüê, Õàðê³â, Ëóãàíñüê, Ëüâ³â — ïåðåâàíòàæóâàëüíà ä³ëüíèöÿ ñò. ×îï.

www.liski.com.ua å-mail: liski@liski.com.ua Òåë.: + 38 044 568 76 90 Ôàêñ: + 38 044 568 77 05

STATE ENTERPRISE «UKRAINIAN STATE TRANSPORT SERVICES CENTRE «LISKI» The company provides cargo transportation in any direction combining functional potential of auto, railway and sea transport using standard 20ft — 40ft containers, refrigerators and tank containers and also forwards any cargo by railway or any other type of transport. It has secure and stable relations with leading CIS and European forwarders, which provides integrated transport forwarding cargo services, so called door-to-door delivery in CIS, Baltic and European countries.

Combined transport train «Viking» is connection of sea shipping line net of Baltic region with similar system of Black, Mediterranean and Caspian Seas; time on the way — 2 days; total rout distance — 1733 km; transportation of 20 and 40 ft standard containers, refrigerators and tank-containers and also semitrailers and articulated lorries

Advantages in transporting cargoes with «Viking»: competitive prices; efficient delivery of the cargo to the destination; simplified procedures of

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

crossing borders and customs registration; safety and ecology; possibility of following cargo transporting from Illichivsk port by containers and ferry to Turkey, Georgia, Bulgaria and South-East Asian countries; possibility of following cargo transporting from Klapeda port by containers and ferry to the ports of England, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Sweden and other countries.

The company provides the following range of services: forwarding the consignment around CIS and other countries by rail, by sea and both consignment transportation in containers organization of transportation through the ferries customs cargo registrations transportation of overall, out-of-gauge and consignment consignment controlling (supervising) and fast delay solving forwarding of transit consignment organization including customs registrations door-to-door delivery using motor transport

qualified consulting concerning consignment transportation organization and all required execution of documents rout planning and transportation conditions, expenses calculation from departure place to destination, regardless of transport amount used in transportation ñonsignment processing (handling) services at terminals including type of transport change and customs license warehouse services. complex cargo processing delivered from Odessa and Illichivsk ports and to central terminal of Odessa railway Odessa-Liski contrailer transportation by «Viking» train (Illichivsk — Kiev — Klapeda) consignment insurance

Branches in other cities: Odessa; Dnipropetrovs’k; Kharkiv; Lugansk; Lviv — reloading station Tchop. www.liski.com.ua e-mail: liski@liski.com.ua Tel: +38 044 568 76 90 Fax: +38 044 568 77 05

Ï Ð Î Å Ê Ò Ó Ó × À Ñ Í È Ê PROJECT THE OF PARTICIPANTS

ÀÊÖ²ÎÍÅÐÍÅ ÒÎÂÀÐÈÑÒÂÎ «ËÈÒÎÂÑÜÊ² ÇÀË²ÇÍÈÖ²» Çàë³çíè÷íèé òðàíñïîðò Ëèòâè ïðåäñòàâëÿº ÀÒ «Ëèòîâñüê³ çàë³çíèö³» — íàéá³ëüøå â êðà¿í³ òðàíñïîðòíå ï³äïðèºìñòâî. Çàë³çíè÷íèé òðàíñïîðò Ëèòâè — óñï³øíà ãîñïîäàðñüêà ãàëóçü, ÿêà çä³éñíþº ìàéæå 44 â³äñîòêè âñüîãî ïåðåâ³çíîãî Ëèòîâñüêîþ Ðåñïóáë³êîþ âàíòàæó. Öå äîñèòü âèñîêèé ð³âåíü ïîð³âíÿíî ç ³íøèìè êðà¿íàìè ªâðîïåéñüêîãî Ñîþçó, âàíòàæí³ ïåðåâåçåííÿ ÿêèõ çàë³çíèöåþ ñòàíîâëÿòü äî 10 â³äñîòê³â çàãàëüíèõ ïåðåâåçåíü. Óñï³øíî ïðàöþâàòè é íàðîùóâàòè âàíòàæí³ ïåðåâåçåííÿ ñòàëî ìîæëèâî çàâäÿêè âñòóïîâ³ Ëèòâè äî ªâðîïåéñüêîãî Ñîþçó; ³íòåíñèâíîìó çðîñòàííþ åêîíîì³êè, ñïðèÿòëèâîìó äëÿ çä³éñíåííÿ ì³æíàðîäíèõ ïåðåâåçåíü ãåîãðàô³÷íîìó ðîçòàøóâàííþ êðà¿íè, íàÿâíîñò³ ìîäåðí³çîâàíîãî ïîðòó Êëàéïåäè, ùî âçèìêó íå çàìåðçàº, à òàêîæ ñó÷àñí³é çàë³çíè÷í³é ³íôðàñòðóêòóð³ êðà¿íè é ðîçãàëóæåí³é òðàíñïîðòí³é ìåðåæ³. Çà 11 ì³ñÿö³â 2008 ðîêó ïåðåâåçåíî 50,9 ìëí òîíí âàíòàæ³â, ùî íà 4,5 â³äñîòêà á³ëüøå, í³æ òîð³ê. Á³ëüøó ÷àñòèíó ïåðåâåçåíèõ ëèòîâñüêîþ òåðèòîð³ºþ âàíòàæ³â öüîãîð³÷ ñêëàëè íàôòà é íàôòîïðîäóêòè (20,5 ìëí òîíí), õ³ì³÷í³ é ì³íåðàëüí³ äîáðèâà (9,2 ìëí òîíí), ì³íåðàëü-

THE JOINT STOCK COMPANY LITHUANIA RAILWAYS The railways of Lithuania represent the joint stock company Lithuania railways which is the greatest transport company in the country. The railway transport of Lithuania, a successfully working economical branch that realises about 44% of all load transportation in the Lithuanian republic. It’s a sufficiently high level of load transport to compare with the other countries of the European Union in which load transport by rail are less than 10% of all transportation. Successful work and the increase of transportation became possible when Lithuania joined the European Union and because of its well developed economical system and favourable geographical location for international transportation and the presence of the ice free and modernised port Klaepeda and also because of its modern railway infrastructure and multi modern transport net in the country. 5.9m tonnes of load were transported during the first eleven months of 2008 this is 4.5% more than

í³ ïðîäóêòè (5,5 ìëí òîíí) ³ ÷îðíèé ìåòàë (3,3 ìëí òîíí). Ëèòîâñüê³ çàë³çíèö³, ðîçòàøîâóþ÷èñü íà ïåðåòèí³ òðàíñïîðòíèõ øëÿõ³â Ñõ³ä–Çàõ³ä ³ Ï³âí³÷–Ï³âäåíü, º ïðèðîäíèì ç’ºäíóâàëüíèì ëàíöþãîì, ùî ãàðàíòóº íåðîçðèâíå òðàíçèòíå ïåðåâåçåííÿ ç êðà¿í ÑÍÄ ³ Àç³¿ äî Çàõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè. Âàæëèâèé íàïðÿìîê ó çá³ëüøåíí³ îáñÿã³â âàíòàæîïîòîêó ëèòîâñüêîþ òåðèòîð³ºþ — ì³æíàðîäí³ ïðîåêòè. Ùîáè çàëó÷èòè «Ëèòîâñüê³ çàë³çíèö³» äî ìåðåæ³ äîïðàâëåííÿ «â³ä äâåðåé äî äâåðåé» ïðîäóêö³¿ øèðîêîãî ñïåêòðà, êîìïàí³ÿ ö³ëåñïðÿìîâàíî ïðàöþº íàä íîâèì ïåðñïåêòèâíèì íàïðÿìêîì — ñòâîðåííÿì ñèñòåìè ì³æíàðîäíèõ ³íòåðìîäàëüíèõ ïåðåâåçåíü. ×èìðàç á³ëüøîãî çíà÷åííÿ íàáóâàþòü âàíòàæîïåðåâåçåííÿ â êîíòåéíåðàõ, ùî çàâäÿêè ñâî¿é óí³âåðñàëüíîñò³ ñòàþòü îäí³ºþ ç íàéâàæëèâ³øèõ ïîñëóã. Çà 11 ì³ñÿö³â 2008 ðîêó ïåðåâåçåíî 54,6 òèñ. TEU. Íàéâäàë³øèé ïðèêëàä óñï³øíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ â ö³é ñôåð³ — ì³æíàðîäíèé ïðîåêò «Â³ê³íã». Ïî¿çä êóðñóº çà ìàðøðóòîì Îäåñà (²ëë³÷³âñüê) — Êè¿â — Ì³íñüê — Êëàéïåäà. Îáñÿãè ïåðåâåçåíèõ íà öüîìó ïîòÿãó êîíòåéíåð³â çðîñòàëè ç êîæíèì ðîêîì, 2007 ðîêó ïåðåâåçåíî 40,1 òèñ. TEU, òîáòî ìàé-

æå íà 60% á³ëüøå, í³æ 2006-ãî. 2008 ðîêó ïåðåâåçåííÿ çíèçèëèñÿ íà 10–15 â³äñîòê³â ó íàïðÿìêó Á³ëîðóñü — Ëèòâà, îäíàê çíà÷íî çá³ëüøèëèñÿ äî Óêðà¿íè. Íàðàç³ «Â³ê³íã» êóðñóº ðåãóëÿðíî, ïåðåâ³ðêà ïî¿çäà íà êîðäîí³ ªÑ òðèâàº ëèøå 30 õâèëèí. Äîñÿãòè öüîãî âäàëîñÿ çàâäÿêè ñï³âïðàö³ ç ìèòíèìè ³ ïðèêîðäîííèìè ñòðóêòóðàìè, à òàêîæ çàâäÿêè âïðîâàäæåííþ íîâèõ ïåðñïåêòèâíèõ ³íôîðìàö³éíèõ ñèñòåì. Ïîïðè íåñïðèÿòëèâó åêîíîì³÷íó ñèòóàö³þ â êðà¿íàõ, ÿê³ áåðóòü ó÷àñòü ó ïðîåêò³, «Â³ê³íã» çàëèøàºòüñÿ ïð³îðèòåòîì. Êîìïàí³ÿ «Ëèòîâñüê³ çàë³çíèö³» ïåðåêîíàíà â íåîáõ³äíîñò³ ïðîäîâæóâàòè ðîáîòó ç åêñïëóàòàö³¿ ïî¿çäà, çàëó÷åíí³ äî ïåðåâåçåííÿ äîäàòêîâèõ îáñÿã³â âàíòàæ³â, ïîäàëüøîìó ðîçøèðåíí³ ìàðøðóòó. Â öüîìó àñïåêò³ ðîçãëÿäàþòü ð³çí³ ìîæëèâîñò³ çá³ëüøèòè ïåðåâåçåííÿ êîíòåéíåð³â, ïðîâîäÿòü ìàðêåòèíãîâ³, ðåêëàìí³ òà ³íø³ çàõîäè. «Ëèòîâñüê³ çàë³çíèö³» âïðîâàäæóþòü ïåðñïåêòèâí³ ³íôîðìàö³éí³ òåõíîëîã³¿ äëÿ çàáåçïå÷åííÿ êðàùîãî êîíòðîëþ îðãàí³çàö³¿, îáë³êó á³çíåñó é óïðàâë³ííÿ ïåðåâåçåííÿìè âàíòàæ³â. Çîêðåìà, íîâèìè ôóíêö³ÿìè îñíàùåíî ³íôîðìàö³éíó ñèñòåìó «KROVINYS», çàâåðøåíî ïðîåêò ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ Ãëîáàëüíî¿ ìåðåæ³ ïåðåäà÷³ äàíèõ, êîìïàí³ÿ ïîâí³ñòþ ïåðåéøëà íà íàö³îíàëüíó îïåðàòèâíó êîìï’þòåðíó ³íôîðìàö³éíó ñèñòåìó ïåðåâåçåíü «OPKIS».

in 2007. The greater part of the load transportation in Lithuania in 2008 were oil and oil products 20.5m tonnes, chemicals and mineral fertilisers 9.2 m tonnes, mineral products 5.5m tonnes and black metal 3m tones. Lithuania’s railways which are at a junction of east west and north south that guarantees inseparable transit from the CIS countries and Asia to Western Europe. An important direction in which to increase the volume of load transportation in the Lithuanian railways are international products. The newest perspective direction is inter-model load transportation. To inculcate Lithuanian railways into the net of transportation known as ‘Door to door’ that transports products of a wide spectrum this company works to make a system of internationally inter-model transportations. This service is becoming more and more important because it makes universal load transportation in containers. 54.600 TEU was transported during the first eleven months of 2008. The best example of successful results in this sphere is the intermodel project (Viking) plying between Odessa, Kiev, Minsk and Klaepeda. The values of containers transported on this train were increasing year after year; in

2007 this train transported 40,100 TEU which is more than 60% more than in 2006. In 2008 the transportation was reduced by 10-15% in the direction Belarus and Lithuania but they increased in the direction of Ukraine. Now Viking is plying regularly, the train border control takes only 30 minutes. A successful assistant with the customs and frontier structures and new technologies helped to achieve much. Despite the inconsolable economic situation of the countries the project Viking is still a priority. The company is confident in the sincerity of working to use the train and enlisting supplementary loads and, in the future, enlarging the route and volume of transported loads are being considered while marketing and advertising is being carried out. Lithuania railways are introducing better information technologies in order to organise business and to manage load transportation now the information system ‘KROVINYS’ is improved and it modernised this project of the global net for transferring information and it has moved completely to the national operative information system of transportation (OPKIS).

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

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архітектор перевезення

Ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿ «ì³æíàðîäíèé åêñïåäèòîð» ñòð³ìêî ââ³éøëî â ä³ëîâå æèòòÿ. Í³ äëÿ êîãî íå ñåêðåò, ùî ùå íåäàâíî â áàãàòüîõ âèñîêèõ êîðèäîðàõ âëàäè åêñïåäèòîðà ñïðèéìàëè ò³ëüêè ÿê ïîñåðåäíèêà ì³æ âàíòàæîâëàñíèêîì ³ òðàíñïîðòíîþ êîìïàí³ºþ. Îñòàíí³ì ÷àñîì Óêðà¿íà ö³êàâèòü ñâ³òîâå òðàíñïîðòíå ñï³âòîâàðèñòâî ³ ÿê íàä³éíèé ïàðòíåð, ³ ÿê íåáåçïå÷íèé ñóïåðíèê. Ðîçâèâàþ÷è ñâîþ òðàíçèòíó ì³öü, óêðà¿íñüêà äåðæàâà âåäå ïîæâàâëåíó ïîë³òèêó ðîçâèòêó òðàíñïîðòíî¿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè, ñòâîðåííÿ íàö³îíàëüíî¿ ìåðåæ³ ì³æíàðîäíèõ òðàíñïîðòíèõ êîðèäîð³â, ÿêà â³äïîâ³äàëà á ñâ³òîâèì ñòàíäàðòàì. ² â öüîìó ðàç³ íà ïëå÷³ ì³æíàðîäíèõ åêñïåäèòîð³â ëÿãëî âèð³øåííÿ îäíîãî ç íàéâàæëèâ³øèõ çàâäàíü — çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ìàêñèìóìó ïåðåâåçåíü âàíòàæó çà îäèíèöþ ÷àñó. Á³ëüøå âàíòàæ³â ó ïðîì³æîê ÷àñó — êðàùèé òðàíçèò, á³ëüøå ãðîøåé á³çíåñó é áþäæåòó, à êðà¿í³ — ïðåñòèæó.

åëè÷åçíèé âïëèâ íà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü ì³æíàðîäíèõ òðàíñïîðòíèõ åêñïåäèòîð³â Óêðà¿íè ðîáëÿòü ñâ³òîâ³ íåóðÿäîâ³ îðãàí³çàö³¿, ÷ëåíàìè ÿêèõ º äåÿê³ òðàíñïîðòíî-åêñïåäèòîðñüê³ îðãàí³çàö³¿ Óêðà¿íè. Ñåðåä ì³æíàðîäíèõ îðãàí³çàö³é: FIATA (Ì³æíàðîäíà ôåäåðàö³ÿ âàíòàæíèõ åêñïåäèòîðñüêèõ àñîö³àö³é), IATA (Ì³æíàðîäíà àñîö³àö³ÿ àâ³àïåðåâ³çíèê³â); ÀÑÏÎÃ (Ì³æíàðîäíà àñîö³àö³ÿ ç íåáåçïå÷íèõ âàíòàæ³â); IMMTA (Ì³æíàðîäíà àñîö³àö³ÿ ìóëüòèìîäàëüíèõ ïåðåâåçåíü); ÅÂÀ (ªâðîïåéñüêà á³çíåñ-àñîö³àö³ÿ); CLECAT (ªâðîïåéñüêà àñîö³àö³ÿ åêñïåäèðóâàííÿ, òðàíñïîðòó, ëîã³ñòèêè é ìèòíèõ ïîñëóã) ³ ÎÑÇ (Îðãàí³çàö³¿ ñï³âðîá³òíèöòâà çàë³çíèöü). Çà äîïîìîãîþ àñîö³àö³é ³ ñóñï³ëüíèõ îá’ºäíàíü åêñïåäèòîðñüê³ îðãàí³çàö³¿ âèð³øóþòü ð³çí³ ïðîáëåìè. Ç ìåòîþ âäîñêîíàëåííÿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ åêñïåäèòîðñüê³ îðãàí³çàö³¿ ñïðèÿþòü ñòàá³ë³çàö³¿ òàðèôíèõ ñòàâîê, ìîäåðí³çóþòü òåõíîëîã³¿ òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ âàíòàæ³â, çàáåçïå÷óþ÷è åêîíîì³þ ÷àñó é ãðîøåé, âïëèâàþòü íà îáìåæåííÿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ïðèðîäíèõ ìîíîïîë³é øëÿõîì ðåãóëþâàííÿ òàðèô³â ³ ðîçðîáëÿþ÷è íàéá³ëüø åêîíîì³÷í³ äëÿ êë³ºíòà ìàðøðóòè ðóõó òîâàðíèõ ïîòîê³â. ßê çàçíà÷àº ïðåçèäåíò «ÏËÀÑÊÅ» ÇÀÒ Îëåã Ïëàòîíîâ, ñüîãîäí³ åêñïåäèòîðè ñïðèÿþòü ñòàíäàðòèçàö³¿ é êîìï’þòåðèçàö³¿ òåõíî-

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

ëîã³÷íî¿ áàçè é àâòîìàòèçàö³¿ ðóõó äîêóìåíò³â, ñòâîðåííþ ºäèíî¿ êîíöåïö³¿ òðàíñïîðòíèõ êîðèäîð³â ³ âóçë³â, à òàêîæ âçàºìîä³þòü ³ç îðãàíàìè âëàäè ïðè âèð³øåíí³ ïðîáëåì. Êð³ì öüîãî, âîíè áåðóòü ó÷àñòü ó ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ñâ³òîâîãî åêñïåäèòîðñüêîãî ñï³âòîâàðèñòâà ç îïòèì³çàö³¿ òðàíñïîðòíî-åêñïåäèòîðñüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ òà ñòâîðåííÿ íàéá³ëüø ñïðèÿòëèâèõ óìîâ äëÿ ïåðåâåçåííÿ âàíòàæ³â. ²íôîðìóþòü ñâ³òîâå ñï³âòîâàðèñòâî ïðî ðîçâèòîê, ïåðñïåêòèâè é äîñÿãíåííÿ òðàíñïîðòíî¿ ãàëóç³ Óêðà¿íè. Òàê, ³íòåãðóþ÷èñü ó ñâ³òîâó òîðãîâåëüíó ³ òðàíñïîðòíó ñèñòåìè, íàøà äåðæàâà âñå ÷àñò³øå ç³øòîâõóºòüñÿ ç ïðîáëåìàìè, ïîâ’ÿçàíèìè ç ð³çíèöåþ íå ò³ëüêè ì³æ îðãàí³çàö³éíî-ïðàâîâèìè ðåãóëÿòîðàìè, àëå é ï³äõîäàìè äî òèõ àáî òèõ ïðàâîâ³äíîñèí. Ó «ÏËÀÑÊÅ» ââàæàþòü, ùî ñàìå ñóïåðå÷íîñò³ ì³æ ïðàâîâèìè ñèñòåìàìè ð³çíèõ äåðæàâ íåãàòèâíî âïëèâàþòü ïåðåäóñ³ì íà òðàíñïîðò ³ òîðã³âëþ. ² ñüîãîäí³ óêðà¿íñüêèì òðàíñïîðòíî-åêñïåäèòîðñüêèì êîìïàí³ÿì íåîáõ³äíî çîñåðåäèòè ñâîþ óâàãó íà ïîäîëàíí³ òàêî¿ íåñóì³ñíîñò³ øëÿõîì ì³æíàðîäíèõ äîãîâîð³â, êîíâåíö³é, à òàêîæ ³íøèõ äîêóìåíò³â, ÿê³ ìàþòü õàðàêòåð çàãàëüíîâèçíàíîãî ðåãóëÿòîðà ì³æíàðîäíèõ â³äíîñèí. Íàïðèêëàä, äâà ðîêè òîìó «Óêðçàë³çíèöÿ» ïî÷àëà åêñïåðèìåíò ³ç çàñòîñóâàííÿ óí³ô³êîâàíî¿ íà-

Îëåã ÏËÀÒÎÍÎÂ, ïðåçèäåíò «ÏËÀÑÊÅ» ÇÀÒ Oleg PLATONOV, President of «PLASKE» JSC

êëàäíî¿ Ö²Ì/ÑÌÃÑ, ðîçðîáëåíî¿ â ðàìêàõ âèêîíàííÿ äîðó÷åííÿ Ðàäè ì³í³ñòð³â òðàíñïîðòó ÎÑÇ. Äîêóìåíò, çà ñëîâàìè ïðåçèäåíòà «ÏËÀÑÊÅ», ³í³ö³þâàëà ñàìå óêðà¿íñüêà ñòîðîíà. Ð³øåííÿ ïðî éîãî âïðîâàäæåííÿ ïðèéíÿëè íà 34-é ñåñ³¿ Ðàäè ì³í³ñòð³â òðàíñïîðòó ÎÑÇ ó Ñîô³¿. Öå äîçâîëèëî çíà÷íî ñêîðîòèòè äîêóìåíòîîá³ã, ñïðîñòèòè ïðèêîðäîíí³ ïðîöåäóðè é — ó ï³äñóìêó — çìåíøèòè ñòðîê òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ âàíòàæ³â. Ó ñâ³òîâ³é åêñïåäèòîðñüê³é ïðàêòèö³ øèðîêî çàñòîñîâóþòü äîêóìåíòè F²ÀÒÀ. Â Óêðà¿í³ äîêóìåíòè F²ÀÒÀ ÷èìðàç ÷àñò³øå âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ïðè çì³øàíèõ ïåðåâåçåííÿõ âàíòàæ³â. Ïîçèòèâíèì ïðèêëàäîì òóò º çàë³çíè÷íà ïîðîìíà ïåðåïðà-

âà Âàðíà (Áîëãàð³ÿ) — ²ëë³÷³âñüê (Óêðà¿íà) — Ïîò³/Áàòóì³ (Ãðóç³ÿ) íà ä³ëÿíö³ òðàíñïîðòíîãî êîðèäîðó ªâðîïà — Êàâêàç — Àç³ÿ (ÒRÀÑÅCÀ). Äî ïîðîìíîãî ïåðåâåçåííÿ ïðèéìàþòüñÿ âàíòàæ³ â çàë³çíè÷íîìó ðóõîìîìó ñêëàä³ ïðàêòè÷íî âñ³õ òèï³â, ó âåëèêîâàíòàæíèõ àâòîìîá³ëÿõ, êîíòåéíåðàõ, ïàëóáí³ âàíòàæ³ ³ ëåãêîâ³ àâò³âêè, à òàêîæ çä³éñíþºòüñÿ ïåðåâåçåííÿ ïàñàæèð³â. Êð³ì òîãî, ç 2001 ðîêó àêòèâíî ïðàöþº çàë³çíè÷íî-àâòîìîá³ëüíà ïîðîìíà ë³í³ÿ ²ëë³÷³âñüê (Óêðà¿íà) — Äåðèíäæå (Òóðå÷÷èíà). Çàñòîñóâàííÿ ìóëüòèìîäàëüíèõ äîêóìåíò³â F²ÀÒÀ áóëî ñïðè÷è-

íåíî ðîçâèòêîì ªâðî-Àç³àòñüêîãî òðàíñïîðòíîãî êîðèäîðó é ïîòðåáîþ â³äïðàâíèê³â âàíòàæó çâ³ëüíèòèñÿ â³ä íåïîòð³áíèõ ³ íåâëàñòèâèõ ¿ì ôóíêö³é ç îðãàí³çàö³¿ äîïðàâëåííÿ òîâàðó îäåðæóâà÷åâ³, à òàêîæ íåîáõ³äí³ñòþ ïðèñêîðèòè îá³ã êîøò³â, ï³äâèùèòè êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæí³ñòü ³ ñòâîðèòè óí³ô³êîâàí³ óìîâè äîïðàâëåííÿ òîâàðó. Íà äóìêó óêðà¿íñüêèõ ôàõ³âö³â, íèí³ ó ñâ³ò³ äîñèòü ³íòåíñèâíî çðîñòàº ÷èñëî êîíòåéíåðíèõ ïåðåâåçåíü, ïðèáëèçíî íà 10–15% çà ð³ê, àëå ïåðåâàæíî çà ðàõóíîê ìîðñüêîãî òðàíñïîðòó, òîáòî ì³æêîíòèíåíòàëüíèõ ïåðåâåçåíü ì³æ Àìåðèêîþ, êðà¿íàìè Àç³àòñüêîãî òðàíñïîðòíîãî êîðèäîðó òà ªâðîïîþ. Ïðîáëåìà â ò³ì, ùî êîíòåéíåðîïîò³ê íåäîñòàòíüî çáàëàíñîâàíî. Êîíòåéíåðè ïåðåâîçÿòü çäåá³ëüø ³ìïîðòí³ âàíòàæ³, à â çâîðîòíîìó íàïðÿìêó íàé÷àñò³øå âîíè éäóòü ïîðîæí³ìè. Â³äïîâ³äíî, ãîñòðî ñòî¿òü ïèòàííÿ çàáåçïå÷åííÿ çâîðîòíîãî çàâàíòàæåííÿ. Òîìó åêñïåðòè êðà¿í-ó÷àñíèöü TRACECA ïðàöþþòü íàä íîâèìè ñõåìàìè çàëó÷åííÿ åêñïîðòíèõ êîíòåéíåðíèõ âàíòàæ³â, çâåäåííÿ äî ì³í³ìóìó ÷èñëà

ïîðîæí³õ ðåéñ³â. ² òóò íåîáõ³äíî óäîñêîíàëþâàòè òàðèôíó ïîë³òèêó. Çàðàç âèðîáëÿþòü ìîæëèâîñò³ ïðîäîâæèòè íà ìàðøðóòè êîðèäîðó TRACECA êîìá³íîâàíèé êîíòðåéëåðíîêîíòåéíåðíèé ïî¿çä «Â³ê³íã», ÿêèé íèí³ êóðñóº íà øëÿõó Êëàéïåäà — ²ëë³÷³âñüê. Â³í ñëóãóâàòèìå çðàçêîì çâ’ÿçêó ì³æ ìåðåæåþ ìîðñüêèõ êîíòåéíåðíèõ ë³í³é Áàëò³éñüêîãî ðåã³îíó ç àíàëîã³÷íîþ ñèñòåìîþ Ñåðåäçåìíîãî, ×îðíîãî òà Êàñï³éñüêîãî ìîð³â, à òàêîæ äîçâîëèòü óíèêíóòè òðèâàëîãî é äîðîãîãî ïåðåâåçåííÿ êîíòåéíåð³â íàâêîëî ªâðîïè. Òàêîæ ïðîòÿãîì ðîêó Äåïàðòàìåíò þñòèö³¿ ÑØÀ/ICITAP (International Criminal Investigative Assistance Program) ðàçîì ç Àñîö³àö³ºþ òðàíñïîðòíî-åêñïåäèòîðñüêèõ îðãàí³çàö³é Óêðà¿íè «ÓÊÐÇÎÂÍ²ØÒÐÀÍÑ», Àñîö³àö³ºþ ì³æíàðîäíèõ åêñïåäèòîð³â Óêðà¿íè (ÀÌÅÓ), Àñîö³àö³ºþ ìèòíèõ áðîêåð³â Óêðà¿íè çà òåõí³÷íî¿ ï³äòðèìêè «ÏËÀÑÊÅ» ÇÀÒ çàéìàþòüñÿ ðîçøèðåííÿì ð³âíÿ ³íôîðìîâàíîñò³ ïðåäñòàâíèê³â á³çíåñó ³ ãðîìàäñüêîñò³ Óêðà¿íè â õîä³ ¿¿ ïðèºäíàííÿ äî Íîâî¿ êîìï’þòåðèçîâàíî¿ òðàíçèòíî¿ ñèñòåìè NCTS.

ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ — ËÈÒÂÀ UKRAINE — LITHUANIA

ßê çàçíà÷àº ïðåçèäåíò «ÏËÀÑÊÅ» Îëåã Ïëàòîíîâ, óí³êàëüí³ñòü ñèñòåìè ïîëÿãàº â òîìó, ùî âîíà âïåðøå äîçâîëèòü êðà¿í³, ÿêà íå íàëåæèòü äî ªÑ, ïðèºäíàòèñÿ äî íîâî¿ êîìï’þòåðèçîâàíî¿ òðàíçèòíî¿ ñèñòåìè êðà¿í ªâðîïåéñüêîãî Ñï³âòîâàðèñòâà (NCTS) ³ çàâ÷àñíî íàäàâàòè ºâðîïåéñüêèì ìèòíèì ñëóæáàì âñ³ íåîáõ³äí³ äàí³ ïðî òîâàðè ³ òðàíñïîðòí³ çàñîáè, ÿê³ ðóõàþòüñÿ òðàíçèòîì ÷åðåç òåðèòîð³þ ªÑ. Âïðîâàäæåííÿ íà òåðèòîð³¿ Óêðà¿íè NCTS ³ ³íøèõ ñïðîùåíü ìèòíèõ ïðîöåäóð äîçâîëèòü ï³äâèùèòè ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ³ îïåðàòèâí³ñòü ðîáîòè óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìèòíèö³, à ãîëîâíå — âèð³øèòü íàéáîëþ÷³øó ïðîáëåìó êîíòðàáàíäè. Ä³ÿëüí³ñòü êîìïàí³¿ «ÏËÀÑÊÅ» óæå äàâíî ïîäîëàëà òîé åòàï, êîëè ìîæíà îáìåæèòèñÿ ò³ëüêè íàäàííÿì òðàíñïîðòíî-åêñïåäèòîðñüêèõ ïîñëóã. Êîìïàí³ÿ àêòèâíî ïðàöþº ³ ùîäî ïðîôåñ³éíî¿ ï³äãîòîâêè ìèòíèõ áðîêåð³â, âàíòàæíèõ àãåíò³â òà ì³æíàðîäíèõ åêñïåäèòîð³â. Íèí³ òðèâàº ðåòåëüíà ï³äãîòîâêà äî êîíôåðåíö³¿ «Äåíü ì³æíàðîäíîãî åêñïåäèòîðà — 2009», ÿêó òðàäèö³éíî ïðîâîäÿòü íà ïî÷àòêó ë³òà, óæå ïðîòÿãîì ñåìè ðîê³â. Íà ïîðÿäêó äåííîìó — îáãîâîðåííÿ çãàäóâàíèõ âèùå àêòóàëüíèõ ïèòàíü, ñåðåä ÿêèõ ³ ðîáîòà Öåíòðó FIÀÒÀ ç ïðîôåñ³éíî¿ ï³äãîòîâêè åêñïåäèòîð³â äëÿ êðà¿í Ñõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè òà ÑÍÄ, ïåðñïåêòèâè ðîçâèòêó òðàíñïîðòíîãî êîðèäîðó Òîëüÿòò³ — Ñàìàðà — Îäåñà — ²ëë³÷³âñüê òîùî. À ó âåðåñí³ 2009 ðîêó â Æåíåâ³ (Øâåéöàð³ÿ) â³äáóäåòüñÿ Âñåñâ³òí³é êîíãðåñ FIÀÒÀ, äå áóäå ï³äáèòî ï³äñóìêè âñüîãî òðàíñïîðòíîãî ðîêó.

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

The term «international freight forwarder» entered the business life steeply. It is not a secret that in the corridors of power freight forwarder was regarded only as the intermediary between the cargo owner and the transport company. In recent years Ukraine has been in the spotlight of the transport community both as a reliable partner and as a dangerous competitor. Developing its transit, the Ukrainian government conducts a policy on transport infrastructure development and the creation of an international transport corridors national network that complies with international standards. Thus, the freight forwarder faces one of the most complicated tasks — to provide the maximum traffic within a definite unit of time. More cargo means better transit, more money from business and budget and a wealthier country.

The Freight Forwarder is an architect of traffic. And some more… World non-government organizations influence greatly on the international freight forwarders of Ukraine. Some freight forwarding organizations of Ukraine are their members. Among them are: FIATA (International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations), IATA(International Air Transport Association), IDGCA (International Dangerous Goods and Containers Association), IMMTA (International Multi-Modal Transport Association), EBA (European Business Association), CLECAT (European Association for Forwarding, Transport, Logistic and Customs Services) and OSJD (Organization for Railways Organizations). Together with Associations and public organizations, freight forwarding organizations solve different problems. To improve their activity, they contribute to the stabilization of tariff rates, improve transport technologies aimed at timesaving, influence on natural monopolies by means of regulation of tariff rates and developing better routes for goods flows. As Mr. Oleg Platonov, President of «PLASKE» JSC, said, today freight forwarders contribute to the standardization, computerization of the technological base and automa-

tion of document flows, the creation of a single concept of transport corridors as well as cooperate with authorities to solve current problems. Apart from that, they participate in the optimization of freight forwarding activity together with the world community, contribute to the creation of favorable conditions for goods movement and inform the world community on development, future prospects and achievements in the transport field of Ukraine. Thus, during the integration of our state into the world trade and transport system, we continue to face problems related to the differences in legal regulations and approaches to legal relations. «PLASKE» JSC thinks that the discrepancies between the legal systems of the states have a negative influence on transport and trade. Today Ukrainian freight forwarding companies should focus on overcoming this discrepancy using such tools as international negotiations, conventions as well as other documents that have the nature of acknowledged regulators. For example, two years ago «Ukrzaliznitsia» (Ukrainian Railways) started an experiment on application of CIM/SMGS unified consignment note, developed in

the framework of a corresponding order of the OSJD Ministers of Transport Meeting. The document was initiated by the Ukrainian party, said Mr. Platonov. The decision on its introduction was adopted in the 34th session of the OSJD Ministers of Transport Meeting on Sofia. It significantly reduced the number of documents used, facilitated some procedures and decreased the terms of goods transfer.

Ukrainian specialists say that today the world is witnessing an intensive growth in container transport, 10-15% annually. But it accounts mainly to maritime transport, i.e. intercontinental traffic between the USA, Asia and Europe. The problem is that container flow is insufficiently balanced. Containers transfer import cargo and they return empty. That is why the urgent issue is the return load. World

FIATA documents are widely used in world practice. In Ukraine such documents are mainly used with multi-modal transport. The rail-ferry crossing Varna (Bulgaria) — Illichivsk (Ukraine) — Poti/Batumi (Georgia) in Europe-CaucasusAsia Corridor (TRACECA) is a great positive example. The ferry crossing accepts the goods in rail rolling equipment of mainly all types, in heavy vehicles and containers. They also conduct passenger and car transport. The rail-auto ferry line Illichivsk (Ukraine) — Derindzhe (Turkey) has actively worked since 2001. FIATA documents became very popular because of the development of the Eurasian transport corridor, at a time when shippers needed to eliminate the burden of their additional and unnecessary functions on supply of goods to the consignee, to accelerate money turnover, to increase the competitiveness and create unified conditions of goods supply.

experts — TRACECA members — develop new schemes on attraction of export container cargo and minimizing the empty container traffic. And here we need a developed tariff policy. The possibilities of extending the routes of the container train «Viking» in the TRACECA corridor are being examined. The train makes trips via the Klaipeda-Illichivsk route. It can be-

come the link between maritime container lines of the Baltic region with the similar system in the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian seas. During this year the Department of Justice US/ICITAP (International Criminal Investigative Assistance Program) together with the Association of International Freight Forwarders of Ukraine (AIFFU), the Association of Customs Brokers of Ukraine with the technical assistance of «PLASKE» JSC was developing the awareness of business and the general public of Ukraine on its joining of the new computerized transit system NCTS. As Mr. Platonov highlights, the system is unique because it will allow the joining of an EU non-member state and an advance providing of European customs services with information on goods transiting via the territory of EU. The introduction of NCTS and other facilitators of customs procedures will help to increase the capacity and efficiency of Ukrainian customs and will solve the most complicated problem of smuggling. «PLASKE» JSC has passed that stage when is can render just freight forwarding services. Today this company actively works on training for customs brokers, cargo agents and international freight forwarders Traditionally «International Freight Forwarder’s Day 2009» is held at the beginning of the summer. The preparation for

this event that has been organized for seven years has already started. The agenda includes five main issues. Among them are the following: Center of vocational training for Eastern Europe and the future prospects of Tolyatti — Samara — Odessa — Illichivsk transport corridor. Switzerland will host the FIATA World Congress in September 2009 where the transport year will be summarized. www.plaske.com

Ç ÏÅÐØÈÕ ÂÓÑÒ FROM THE HORSE’S MOUTH

Øàíîâí³ äðóç³! Ðåäàêö³ÿ æóðíàëó «²ì³äæ.ua» âèêîíóº áëàãîðîäíó ì³ñ³þ, ôîðìóþ÷è ïîçèòèâíèé ì³æíàðîäíèé ³ì³äæ Óêðà¿íè ó ñâ³ò³. Ñüîãîäí³, êîëè êóðñ íà ºâðî³íòåãðàö³þ ñòàâ íàö³îíàëüíîþ ³äåºþ, ÿê í³êîëè âàæëèâî äîíåñòè àêòóàëüí³ â³äîìîñò³ ïðî íàøó äåðæàâó äî ñóñï³ëüíèõ, ïîë³òè÷íèõ ³ ä³ëîâèõ ê³ë ªâðîïè òà ñâ³òó, ñïðèÿòè çðîñòàííþ äîâ³ðè äî óêðà¿íñüêîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà, àêòèâ³çàö³¿ á³çíåñîâèõ êîíòàêò³â, ïðèñêîðåííþ ºâðî³íòåãðàö³éíèõ ïðîöåñ³â. Áàæàþ óñüîìó ðåäàêö³éíîìó êîëåêòèâó òâîð÷èõ óñï³õ³â òà íîâèõ çâåðøåíü ó ö³é âàæëèâ³é ³ ïîòð³áí³é äëÿ Óêðà¿íè ñïðàâ³. Íåõàé êîæåí âàø çàäóì áóäå âäàëèì ³ óñï³øíèì! Ç ïîâàãîþ, Ì³í³ñòð åêîíîì³êè Óêðà¿íè Áîãäàí ÄÀÍÈËÈØÈÍ

Dear friends! The editorial staff of the magazine «Image.ua», performs a noble mission forming a positive international image of Ukraine in the world. Today when the course to Euro integration has become a national idea it is very important to report some topical information about our country to social, political and business circles around the world, to promote the building of trust and confidence in Ukrainian enterprises and the creation of business contacts and also accelerate the Euro integration process. I wish you creative success and new achievements in this important and necessary task for Ukraine. Let all your good intentions prove beneficial and fruitful! With respect The Minister of Economics of Ukraine: Bohdan DANYLYSHYN

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Øàíîâí³ ÷èòà÷³, êîëåãè! Âè òðèìàºòå â ðóêàõ ÷åðãîâå ÷èñëî ì³æíàðîäíîãî ä³ëîâîãî æóðíàëó «²ì³äæ.ua», âèäàííÿ, ÿêå çàðåêîìåíäóâàëî ñåáå ÿê íàä³éíå äæåðåëî ð³çíîìàí³òíî¿ àíàë³òè÷íî¿, ä³ëîâî¿ òà ïðîñâ³òíèöüêî¿ ³íôîðìàö³¿. Íà éîãî ñòîð³íêàõ ì³ñòèòüñÿ ÷èìàëî ö³êàâèõ ³ êîðèñíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â ïðî ä³ÿëüí³ñòü êðàùèõ â³ò÷èçíÿíèõ êîìïàí³é ³ ï³äïðèºìñòâ, ³íâåñòèö³éíèõ ïðîåêò³â. ×àñîïèñ ïðèä³ëÿº âåëèêó óâàãó ñòâîðåííþ ïîçèòèâíîãî ³ì³äæó íàøî¿ êðà¿íè ÿê íàä³éíîãî ä³ëîâîãî ïàðòíåðà çà êîðäîíîì, ðîçêðèâàº ¿¿ ³íâåñòèö³éíó ïåðñïåêòèâí³ñòü ³ ïðèâàáëèâ³ñòü. Ãîðòàþ÷è éîãî ñòîð³íêè, íàïîâíþºøñÿ ãîðä³ñòþ çà ñâîþ Áàòüê³âùèíó, ¿¿ ïðàöüîâèòèõ ³ òàëàíîâèòèõ ëþäåé. ²ç ïðèºìí³ñòþ õî÷ó â³äçíà÷èòè, ùî âèäàííÿ íå îá³éøëî ñâîºþ óâàãîþ ³ âóã³ëüíó ãàëóçü Óêðà¿íè, ðîçïîâ³äàþ÷è ïðî ¿¿ áóäí³ ³ ïåðñïåêòèâè ðîçâèòêó. Öå òèì ïðèºìí³øå, ùî óêðà¿íñüêèì øàõòàðÿì, ïîïðè âñ³ îá’ºêòèâí³ òðóäíîù³, ÿê³ ïåðåæèâàº íèí³ âóã³ëüíà ïðîìèñëîâ³ñòü, º ÷èì ïèøàòèñÿ. Ïðàöÿ øàõòàðÿ — áóëà ³ çàëèøàòèìåòüñÿ ïî÷åñíîþ ³ âàæëèâîþ â Óêðà¿í³! Òèì ïà÷å, ùî ïðîòÿãîì 2008 ðîêó ã³ðíèêàì ñèñòåìè Ì³íâóãëåïðîìó Óêðà¿íè âäàëîñÿ íå ëèøå çóïèíèòè ñïàä âèäîáóòêó âóã³ëëÿ, à é âèäàòè íà-ãîðà íà ÷îòèðè ì³ëüéîíè òîíí á³ëüøå, í³æ ó 2007 ðîö³. Ùèðî ³ â³ä äóø³ áàæàþ êîëåêòèâó ðåäàêö³¿ ëåãêîãî ³ ãîñòðîãî ïåðà, à ÷èòà÷àì — ö³êàâèõ, çàõîïëèâèõ ìàòåð³àë³â! Ç ïîâàãîþ, Ì³í³ñòð âóã³ëüíî¿ ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ Óêðà¿íè Â³êòîð ÏÎËÒÀÂÅÖÜ

Dear readers and colleagues! You’re holding in your hands the next issue of the international business magazine «Image.ua», the edition which has proved itself as a reliable source of analytical business and educational information. There is a lot of interesting and useful material about the activities of the best Ukrainian companies and investment projects. The edition pays a lot of attention to the creation of a positive image for our country as a reliable business partner abroad, introduces its investment opportunities and attractiveness. Turning its pages you fill with pride for your motherland and its industrious and talented people. I’d like to mention that the edition also calls attention to the coal industry of Ukraine and tells of its prospects for development. It’s even more pleasant since the Ukrainian miners, despite all the objective problems which the coal industry now has, have something to be proud of. The mine worker has always been and will remain important in Ukraine! Moreover, during 2008 the miners of the system MCI Ukraine managed not only to stop the decline of mining but they mined 4 million tones more than in 2007. I sincerely wish light work and a sharp pen to the editorial staff and to the readers more of this interesting and fascinating material! With respect The Minister of Coal industry of Ukraine Victor POLTAVETS

²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²¯ INVESTMENTS

Україна очима експертів Urkaine through the eyes of experts

On the pages of our edition we pay a lot of attention to the problems of Euro integration of Ukraine and its presentation as a worthy and competitive player on the world market. There are in these new topics estimates of famous consulting analysts and experts of investment and rating companies and international organisations who analyse professionally the current economical situation in Ukraine. This time we asked them to estimate the further investment prospects of the country and to share their thoughts about its potential.

Íà ñòîð³íêàõ íàøîãî âèäàííÿ ìè ïðèä³ëÿºìî âåëèêó óâàãó ïèòàííÿì ºâðî³íòåãðàö³¿ Óêðà¿íè, ¿¿ ïðåçåíòàö³¿ ÿê äîñòîéíîãî ³ êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæíîãî ãðàâöÿ íà ñâ³òîâîìó ðèíêó. Ó íîâ³é ðóáðèö³ äî Âàøî¿ óâàãè äóìêè, îö³íêè ïðîâ³äíèõ àíàë³òèê³â ³ åêñïåðò³â êîíñàëòèíãîâèõ, ³íâåñòèö³éíèõ, ðåéòèíãîâèõ êîìïàí³é ³ ì³æíàðîäíèõ åêîíîì³÷íèõ îðãàí³çàö³é, ùî ïðîôåñ³éíî çàéìàþòüñÿ àíàë³çîì ïîòî÷íî¿ åêîíîì³÷íî¿ ñèòóàö³¿ â Óêðà¿í³. Öüîãî ðàçó ìè ïîïðîñèëè ¿õ îö³íèòè ïîäàëüøó ³íâåñòèö³éíó ïåðñïåêòèâó Óêðà¿íè ³ ïîä³ëèòèñÿ äóìêàìè ùîäî ¿¿ ³íâåñòèö³éíî¿ ïðèâàáëèâîñò³.

Àíäðå ÊÓÓÑÂÅÊ, äèðåêòîð ïðåäñòàâíèöòâà ªÁÐÐ â Óêðà¿í³: — Ïàíå Êóóñâåê, ÿê ªÁÐÐ îö³íþº ³íâåñòèö³éíó ïðèâàáëèâ³ñòü Óêðà¿íè? — Ç íàøî¿ òî÷êè çîðó, ³ñíóº ê³ëüêà îñíîâíèõ ôàêòîð³â, ÿê³ âèçíà÷àþòü ³íâåñòèö³éíó ïðèâàáëèâ³ñòü Óêðà¿íè. Âîíè îäíàêîâ³ ÿê äëÿ ªÁÐÐ, òàê ³ äëÿ ³íøèõ ³íâåñòîð³â. ß á ïîä³ëèâ ¿õ íà äâ³ êàòåãîð³¿: ñèëüíèé á³ê ³ ìîæëèâîñò³, à òàêîæ çàãðîçè. Äðóãà êàòåãîð³ÿ îñîáëèâî âàæëèâà äëÿ ³íâåñòîð³â, îñê³ëüêè âîíà äàº ìîæëèâ³ñòü á³ëüø-ìåíø ðåàë³ñòè÷íî îö³íèòè òå, ùî â³äáóâàòèìåòüñÿ â Óêðà¿í³ ó ïðîãíîçîâàí³é ïåðñïåêòèâ³. Äî ñèëüíèõ áîê³â ìîæíà â³äíåñòè äîâîë³ ïîòóæí³ ìàêðîåêîíîì³÷í³ ïîêàçíèêè, âñòóï Óêðà¿íè äî ÑÎÒ, áåççàïåðå÷íèé ðóõ âàøî¿ êðà¿íè â íàïðÿìêó äåìîêðàòèçàö³¿, çíà÷íèé ðèíêîâèé ïîòåíö³àë, ïðèâàáëèâå ãåîãðàô³÷íå ðîçòàøóâàííÿ, âèðîáíè÷³ òðàäèö³¿, ñèëüí³ åêñïîðòí³ ïîêàçíèêè, íàäõîäæåííÿ ïðÿìèõ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é, çîêðåìà, âñòóï ãîëîâíèõ

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

³íîçåìíèõ áàíê³â, ÿê³ ñïðèÿëè ô³íàíñîâîòîðãîâîìó äåô³öèòó. ßê öå íå ïàðàäîêñàëüíî çâó÷èòü — íèçüêà ³ ñåðåäíÿ âàðò³ñòü ðîáî÷î¿ ñèëè. Íàëàãîäæåííÿ ò³ñí³øèõ çâ’ÿçê³â ç ªÑ, ìàþ íà óâàç³ Ïðîãðàìó ºâðîïåéñüêîãî äîáðîñóñ³äñòâà ³ âåëèê³ øàíñè ï³äïèñàííÿ Äîãîâîðó ïðî â³ëüíó òîðã³âëþ ç ªÑ. Íàðåøò³, ×åìï³îíàò ç ôóòáîëó ªÂÐÎ-2012. Äî íåñïðèÿòëèâèõ ìîìåíò³â íàëåæàòü íàÿâí³ñòü «ñëàáêèõ ì³ñöü» ó áàíê³âñüêîìó ñåêòîð³, äîñèòü ïîâ³ëüíèé ïðîãðåñ ó ñôåð³ ðåôîðì, ïîë³òè÷íà íåñòàá³ëüí³ñòü, çàëåæí³ñòü â³ä ðîñ³éñüêîãî ãàçó, «â³äò³ê ì³çê³â» òà íèçüê³ îñâ³òí³ ñòàíäàðòè íàñåëåííÿ, ïîøèðåííÿ Â²Ë³íôåêö³¿, òåíäåíö³ÿ äî çðîñòàííÿ âàðòîñò³ ðîáî÷î¿ ñèëè. — Óêðà¿íà ââàæàºòüñÿ îñîáëèâîþ çîíîþ ³íâåñòóâàííÿ äëÿ ªÁÐÐ. ×îìó? — Óêðà¿íà º äðóãîþ (çà òåðèòîð³ºþ) êðà¿íîþ äëÿ ªÁÐÐ (ï³ñëÿ Ðîñ³¿) ùîäî íîâîãî ð³÷íîãî îáñÿãó á³çíåñ-îïåðàö³é. Îáñÿã ï³äïèñàííÿ ð³÷íèõ óãîä ó Ðîñ³¿ ñÿãàº 1 ìëðä äîëàð³â ÑØÀ íà ð³ê. Ìè ìàºìî ïåâí³ îïåðàö³éí³ ïð³îðèòåòè, ïðîïèñàí³ â íàø³é ñòðàòåã³¿ äëÿ Óêðà¿íè. Ïåðåäóñ³ì öå ñïðèÿííÿ åôåêòèâ-

íîñò³ âèêîðèñòàííÿ åíåðã³¿ é åíåðãåòè÷íî¿ áåçïåêè â óñ³õ ñåêòîðàõ åêîíîì³êè; çðîñòàííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ é íàä³éíîñò³ îñíîâíî¿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè, âèðîáíèöòâà åíåðã³¿; ïåðåäà÷à é ðîçïîä³ë íàôòîãàçîâèõ òðàíñïîðòíèõ ñèñòåì Óêðà¿íè; ï³äâèùåííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³, êîíêóðåíòîçäàòíîñò³ òà âäîñêîíàëåííÿ ñòàíäàðò³â êîðïîðàòèâíîãî óïðàâë³ííÿ â ì³ñöåâîìó ïðèâàòíîìó ñåêòîð³; äîïîìîãà ïðÿìèì ³íîçåìíèì ³íâåñòèö³ÿì; ïîäàëüøèé ðîçâèòîê ðèíê³â êàï³òàëó òà ì³ñöåâèõ âàëþòíî-ô³íàíñîâèõ ³íñòðóìåíò³â. — Íàçâ³òü, áóäü ëàñêà, ï³äïðèºìñòâà é ðåã³îíè, äå ïðàöþþòü ³íâåñòèö³¿ ªÁÐÐ. — ªâðîïåéñüêèé áàíê ðåêîíñòðóêö³¿ òà ðîçâèòêó º íàéá³ëüøèì ô³íàíñîâèì ³íâåñòîðîì Óêðà¿íè. Ñòàíîì íà æîâòåíü 2008 ðîêó â³í ìàº çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ íà ïîíàä 3,74 ìëðä ºâðî ó 172 ïðîåêòàõ. Êëþ÷îâèìè ïð³îðèòåòíèìè íàïðÿìêàìè ªÁÐÐ â Óêðà¿í³ º ô³íàíñîâèé ñåêòîð (ïðèáëèçíî 25% ïîðòôåëÿ), àãðîá³çíåñ (21%), òðàíñïîðò (16%), çàãàëüíà ïðîìèñëîâ³ñòü (11%). Îñü äåÿê³ ïðèêëàäè ïðîåêò³â. «Ãàëíàôòîãàç»: ô³íàíñîâèé ïàêåò íà ñóìó 68 ìëí

ºâðî ó ÂÀÒ «Êîíöåðí «Ãàëíàôòîãàç» äëÿ ï³äòðèìêè ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ é íàö³îíàëüíîãî ðîçøèðåííÿ ìåðåæ³ àâòîçàïðàâíèõ ñòàíö³é ãðóïè «OKKO». Ïîòî÷íå ô³íàíñóâàííÿ äîïîìîæå âèéòè íà ð³âåíü ïîíàä 400 ñòàíö³é «ÎÊÊÎ» äî 2016 ðîêó, òîáòî ìàéæå ïîäâî¿òè ìåðåæó áðåíäó ïîð³âíÿíî ç íèí³øíüîþ ñèòóàö³ºþ. Áàíê «Ôîðóì»: êðåäèòíà ë³í³ÿ íà 17 ìëí ºâðî äëÿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî áàíêó «Ôîðóì» çà ïðîãðàìîþ åíåðãåòè÷íî¿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ Óêðà¿íè. Ïîòåíö³éíèìè êë³ºíòàìè áàíêó áóäóòü ì³ñöåâ³ êîìïàí³¿ ïðèâàòíîãî ñåêòîðà, ÿê³ çìîæóòü îòðèìàòè ñóáêðåäèòè íà ñóìó äî 3,4 ìëí ºâðî äëÿ ô³íàíñóâàííÿ ïðîåêò³â ç ï³äâèùåííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ åíåðãîñïîæèâàííÿ é â³äíîâëåííÿ åíåðã³¿. «ÓêðÅêñ³ì Áàíê»: êðåäèòíà ë³í³ÿ íà 34 ìëí ºâðî äëÿ ÀÊ Äåðæàâíîãî åêñïîðòíî-³ìïîðòíîãî áàíêó Óêðà¿íè, äðóãîãî çà ðîçì³ðîì äåðæàâíî-

ãî áàíêó êðà¿íè. Ãîëîâíà ìåòà öüîãî ïðîåêòó — âèð³øèòè ïèòàííÿ åíåðãîºìíîñò³ Óêðà¿íè, ùî º âòðè÷³ á³ëüøîþ â³ä ñåðåäíüîãî ïîêàçíèêà äëÿ ªâðîïåéñüêîãî Ñîþçó. Îïåðàö³ÿ çä³éñíþºòüñÿ â ðàìêàõ òðàíøó íà 100 ìëí ºâðî äëÿ ñï³âïðàö³ ç ô³íàíñîâèìè óñòàíîâàìè çà ïðîåêòàìè ï³äâèùåííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ åíåðãîñïîæèâàííÿ òà â³äíîâëþâàíèõ äæåðåë åíåðã³¿ â Óêðà¿í³. Ïîòåíö³éí³ êë³ºíòè çà ïðîåêòàìè ï³äâèùåííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ åíåðãîñïîæèâàííÿ îäåðæàòü ô³íàíñóâàííÿ íà 3,4 ìëí ºâðî â³ä áàíê³â-ó÷àñíèê³â. Êè¿âñüêèé ìóí³öèïàëüíèé òðàíñïîðò: ïåðøå äîâãîñòðîêîâå ô³íàíñóâàííÿ ì³ñüêîãî òðàíñïîðòó â Óêðà¿í³ ì³ñòèòü ô³íàíñîâèé ïàêåò íà 100 ìëí ºâðî äëÿ ì³ñüêèõ òðàíñïîðòíèõ êîìïàí³é: ÊÏ «Êè¿âñüêèé ìåòðîïîë³òåí» (ìåòðî) òà ÊÏ «Êè¿âïàñòðàíñ» (àâòîáóñè ³ òðîëåéáóñè). Êðåäèò íà 40 ìëí

ºâðî äëÿ ìåòðîïîë³òåíó çàáåçïå÷èòü ô³íàíñóâàííÿ 15 íîâèõ åëåêòðîïî¿çä³â, ÿê³ ïðàöþâàòèìóòü íà Ñèðåöüêî-Ïå÷åðñüê³é ë³í³¿, à êðåäèò íà 60 ìëí ºâðî äëÿ «Êè¿âïàñòðàíñó» ïðîô³íàíñóº ïðèäáàííÿ äî 225 íîâèõ òðîëåéáóñ³â ³ äî 125 äèçåëüíèõ àâòîáóñ³â, à òàêîæ â³äïîâ³äíó ³íôðàñòðóêòóðó. 40% êîæíîãî ç êðåäèò³â ñèíäèêîâàí³ äëÿ êîìåðö³éíèõ áàíê³â. Óêðà¿íñüêèé àâòîáàí: êðåäèò äëÿ Óêðà¿íè íà ñóìó 200 ìëí ºâðî ï³ä äåðæàâíó ãàðàíò³þ íàäàºòüñÿ Äåðæàâí³é ñëóæá³ àâòîìîá³ëüíèõ äîð³ã Óêðà¿íè «Óêðàâòîäîð». Ïðîåêò ñïðÿìîâàíî íà ô³íàíñóâàííÿ â³äíîâëåííÿ ê³íöåâî¿ ä³ëÿíêè çàâäîâæêè 427 ê³ëîìåòð³â àâòîáàíó M06, ùî ñïîëó÷àº ñòîëèöþ Óêðà¿íè ç êðà¿íàìè ªâðîïåéñüêîãî Ñîþçó, à ñàìå: Óãîðùèíîþ, Ñëîâàöüêîþ Ðåñïóáë³êîþ òà Ïîëüùåþ.

AndreKuUSVEK, the director of the representative of the European bank of Reconstruction and Development in Ukraine

virus and the tendency to increase the price of the labour force.

an bank ‘Forum’ for a program of energy effectiveness in Ukraine. The potential clients of the bank will be local companies of the private sector which will be able to receive subcredits up to the sum of 3.4m euro for the finance of projects to increase the effectiveness of energy consumption and renovation of energy systems. ‘Ukrexim Bank’: a credit line of 34m euros for the joint stock company of the State export import bank of Ukraine, the second largest state bank in the country. The main purpose of this project is to decide the problem of power consumption in Ukraine which is 3 times bigger than the average in the EU. The operation is being performed to increase the energy effectiveness and renovate sources of energy in Ukraine. The potential clients in this sphere receive 3.4 m euros from the banks which take part. Kiev Municipal transport, at first a long time finance of public transport in Ukraine contains a financial packet of 100m euros for local transport companies: ‘Metropolitan of Kiev’ (Metro) ‘Kiev Bustrans’ (buses and trolley busses). A loan of 40m euros for Metropolitan will provide the finance for 15 new electric trains which will work in Kiev and a credit of 60m euros for Kiev public transport will finance the purchase of 225 new trolley busses and 125 diesel busses and also appropriate infrastructure. 40% of each loan is syndicated into commercial banks. The Ukrainian autobahn: A loan for Ukraine of 200m euros under a state guarantee is given to the state service of major roads of Ukraine ‘UKRautodor’. The project is directed to the financing of renovations to the final area 427km long of the route MO6 which connects the capital of Ukraine with the countries of the European Union, Hungary, The Slovenic Republic and Poland.

Mr Kuusvek, how does the EBRD estimate the investment potential of Ukraine? From our point of view there are some main factors which determine this. They are the same as for our bank and for other investors. I can divide them into two categories: A strong side and possibilities and also threats. The second category is particularly important for investors as it gives the chance to estimate everything that will happen in Ukraine in the predicted prospect. The strong side includes powerful macroeconomical indicators, the entrance of Ukraine into the WTO, the sure movement of the country towards becoming a true democracy, significant market potential, the attractive geographical position, production traditions, powerful expert indicators and income of direct foreign investments, in particular the entry of the main foreign banks which has helped the financial trade deficit and, maybe it sounds paradoxical, the low and medium price of the labour force. The strengthening of ties with the European Union, I mean the program of European good neighbourliness and great chances of signing the contract for free trade with the EU and at last the Euro 2012 football Championship. To the unbeneficial aspects belong the existence of weaknesses in the banking sector and the slow progress in the reform sector, political instability, dependence on Russian gas and the brain drain and the low educational standard of the population, spreading of the AIDS

Ukraine is supposed to be a special zone of investment for the EBRD, why? Ukraine is the second (for its territory) country for the EBRD (after Russia) as for new yearly size of business operations. The size of signing of yearly agreements in Russia is $1bn. We have some operational priorities in our strategy for Ukraine. First of all, these are the promotion of the effectiveness of energy use and safety in all economical sectors; increase the effectiveness and reliability of the main infrastructure, producing energy; transportation and division of the oil/ gas transport systems in Ukraine; increase the effectiveness, competitiveness and improvement of the standards of cooperative management in the local private sector; help to direct foreign investments; further development of the markets of capital and local exchange instruments. Can you name the enterprises and regions your investments are directed at? We are the biggest financial investor in Ukraine. In October 2008 we have obligations for more than 3.74bn euros in 172 projects. Our main directions in Ukraine are the financial sector (aprox. 25%), agriculture (21%) transport (16%) and total industry (11%) Here are some examples of the projects. ‘Galnavtogas’ : the financial packet to the sum of 68m euro in the open joint stock company ‘Galnavtogas’ for the support of modernisation and national spreading of the net of petrol stations of the group ‘Okko’. The current finance will help to bring into operation more than 400 petrol stations by 2016 almost doubling the net of the brand. Bank ‘Forum’: the credit line for 17m euro has been extended to the Ukraini-

— Äÿêóºìî çà íàäàíó ³íôîðìàö³þ.

Thank you for the information.

²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²¯ INVESTMENTS

Îëåã ÓÑÒÅÍÊÎ, êàíäèäàò åêîíîì³÷íèõ íàóê, ìàã³ñòð ÊÍÅÓ é Ãàðâàðäñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó (ÑØÀ), çàñòóïíèê âèêîíàâ÷îãî äèðåêòîðà The Bleyzer Fundation:

— ß ïåðåêîíàíèé, ùî Óêðà¿íà ìàº ñåðéîçíó ³íâåñòèö³éíó ïåðñïåêòèâó. Ïîÿñíþ ÷îìó. Ïî-ïåðøå, â Óêðà¿í³ âèñîêèé ð³âåíü íååôåêòèâíîñò³ åêîíîì³êè, òîìó çàëó÷åííÿ áóäü-ÿêî¿ äîäàòêîâî¿ ³íâåñòèö³¿ ìîæå ïðèíåñòè â³ä÷óòíèé åôåêò. Òîáòî ³íâåñòîð, âêëàäàþ÷è ãðîø³ ñàìå â Óêðà¿íó, à íå, ñêàæ³ìî, â Àíãë³þ, Ôðàíö³þ, ²ñïàí³þ

Oleg USTENKO, Candidate of economic science, holder of a master’s degree of the KNEU and Harvard University, deputy of the Executive Director The Bleyzer Foundation:

— I am sure that Ukraine has serious investment prospects. Let me explain why. First of all, Ukraine has a high level of economic inefficiency that is why the attraction of any extra investments can be effective, which means that if an investor invests money in Ukraine, he can get a sufficiently high profit, in contrast to such countries as England, France, Spain or Italy, where it is rather difficult to find any new sector for your business. Secondly, Ukraine has a well educated, highly qualified and comparatively inexpensive labour force, which is why it is much cheaper to do business in Ukraine, than in other countries. Likewise, Ukraine has good con-

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

÷è ²òàë³þ, äå ñüîãîäí³ âæå äîñèòü ñêëàäíî çíàéòè íîâ³ øëÿõè äëÿ åôåêòèâíîãî âåäåííÿ á³çíåñó, ìîæå îòðèìóâàòè íåàáèÿê³ ïðèáóòêè. Ïî-äðóãå, â Óêðà¿í³ º äîáðå îñâ³÷åíà, âèñîêîêâàë³ô³êîâàíà ³ ïîð³âíÿíî íåäîðîãà ðîáî÷à ñèëà. Îò ³ âèõîäèòü, ùî ïðîâàäèòè á³çíåñ â Óêðà¿í³ çíà÷íî äåøåâøå, í³æ ó çàõ³äíèõ êðà¿íàõ. Á³ëüøå òîãî, Óêðà¿íà ìàº ì³öí³ çâ’ÿçêè ç ªâðîñîþçîì. Çàõ³äíèé á³çíåñìåí, ì³ðêóþ÷è, äå éîìó âèã³äí³øå â³äêðèâàòè ï³äïðèºìñòâî — ó ñóñ³äí³é ç íàìè Ïîëüù³ àáî ×åõ³¿, â ÿêèõ äîâåäåòüñÿ ïëàòèòè âèùó çàðîá³òíó ïëàòíþ, — ïðåêðàñíî óñâ³äîìëþº, ùî åêîíîì³÷íî åôåêòèâí³øå çàñíóâàòè ï³äïðèºìñòâî ñàìå â Óêðà¿í³. ßêùî ñèñòåìíî àíàë³çóâàòè, â³ä ÿêèõ ôàêòîð³â çàëåæèòü íàäõîäæåííÿ ³íâåñòèö³é, — áåçóìîâíî, â³ä ñòàá³ëüíî¿ ìàêðîåêîíîì³÷íî¿ ïîë³òèêè, îñîáëèâî òàêèõ âàæëèâèõ ¿¿ ñêëàäîâèõ, ÿê êóðñîâà ñòàá³ëüí³ñòü òà ³íôëÿö³éí³ ðèçèêè, íà ùî ïåðåäóñ³ì çâåðòàþòü óâàãó ³íâåñòîðè, «éäó÷è» äî ò³º¿ ÷è ò³º¿ êðà¿íè. Òàêîæ âàæëèâî, ÿê ë³áåðàë³çîâàíî ³ äåðåãóëüîâàíî â êðà¿í³ á³çíåñ, òîáòî íàñê³ëüêè â³ä÷óòíèì º âòðó÷àííÿ äåðæàâè. Äëÿ ³íâåñòîðà öå äóæå ³ñòîòí³ ôàêòîðè. Ïîïðè òå, ùî â äîïîâ³äÿõ Ñâ³òîâîãî áàíêó, ªÁÐÐ òà åêîíîì³÷íîãî ôîðóìó â Äàâîñ³ Óêðà¿íà íå äóæå ïðèâàáëèâî âèãëÿäàº ó ïëîùèí³ äîçâ³ëüíèõ ïðîöåäóð (çîêðåìà, îòðèìàííÿ ë³öåíö³é), âõîäæåííÿ ³ âèõîäó ç ðèíêó, áàíêðóòñòâà ³ òàêîãî ìàëîçðîçóì³ëîãî äëÿ ñâ³òîâîãî á³çíåñó ÿâèùà, ÿê ðåéäåðñò-

âî, ìè â çìîç³ çðîáèòè ðåàëüí³ êðîêè äëÿ ïîë³ïøåííÿ ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî êë³ìàòó, íàñàìïåðåä ùîäî ë³áåðàë³çàö³¿ òîðã³âë³. Áåçóìîâíî, òóò º ïåâí³ ïåðñïåêòèâè. Ç îäíîãî áîêó, íàøå ÷ëåíñòâî â ÑÎÒ, ç ³íøîãî — òðèâàþòü ïåðåìîâèíè ç ªâðîñîþçîì ùîäî ï³äïèñàííÿ óãîäè ïðî â³ëüíó òîðã³âëþ, öå òàêîæ ñòèìóëþâàòèìå íàäõîäæåííÿ ³íâåñòèö³é â Óêðà¿íó. Óñ³ ö³ ìåõàí³çìè äàâíî ïðîòåñòîâàí³ ³ àïðîáîâàí³ ó ñâ³ò³. Íå òðåáà í³÷îãî âèãàäóâàòè. Ñë³ä ñï³ëüíèìè çóñèëëÿìè âëàäè ³ ïðèâàòíîãî á³çíåñó ïåðåêîíóâàòè ³íâåñòîð³â ó òîìó, ùî ãðîø³ âêëàäàòè â Óêðà¿íó âàðòî. Óêðà¿íà ÿê äåðæàâà ìàº ðîáèòè êðîêè íàçóñòð³÷, àáè óêð³ïèòè ³ì³äæ íàä³éíîãî ãðàâöÿ íà ñâ³òîâîìó ðèíêó, ùî, ñâîºþ ÷åðãîþ, çàáåçïå÷óâàòèìå íàä³éíó áàçó äëÿ ¿¿ ïîäàëüøîãî åêîíîì³÷íîãî çðîñòàííÿ.

nections with the European Union. When a western businessman thinks about where to do business — in the neighboring Poland or Czech Republic, where he has to pay a higher salary, he understands that economically, it is more effective to set up an enterprise in Ukraine. When investors try to choose the right country for doing their business, they pay attention to the factors which influence investment income (receipts; revenues etc..),which are stable macroeconomic policy, especially exchange (capital) stability and inflation risk. Also the methods of business liberalization and deregulation are important; it shows the level of the countries intervention into the business sphere. Although, in accordance with reports from the World Bank , EBRD and the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, Ukraine does not look very attractive in the field of licensing procedures ,entering and getting out of the market, bankruptcy and a phenomenon, which is not so well known world wide, called ‘raid’, but we are in the process of making real steps to improve the investment climate before the liberalization of

trade.. Such factors as membership in the World Trading Organization and negotiations with the European Union about the signing of an agreement on active trading (free trade) will stimulate investments in Ukraine. All these mechanisms have been already tested and approved in the world. You don’t need to invent anything. The main thing is to combine the efforts of the government and private businesses to persuade investors that Ukraine is worth investing in. Ukraine must make advances to consolidate its prestige on the world market, and that will ensure an effective basis for its further economic development.

Âàñèëü ÌÈÐÎØÍÈ×ÅÍÊÎ, Ïàðòíåð CFC Consulting, äèðåêòîð Óêðà¿íñüêî-Áðèòàíñüêîãî Ñ³ò³ Êëóáó, ìàã³ñòð Ëîíäîíñüêî¿ øêîëè åêîíîì³êè òà ²íñòèòóòó ì³æíàðîäíèõ â³äíîñèí ÊÍÓ ³ìåí³ Ò. Øåâ÷åíêà: — Î÷åâèäíèì ôàêòîì º òå, ùî Óêðà¿íà ìàº âåëè÷åçíèé ³íâåñòèö³éíèé ïîòåíö³àë. Ïåðåäóñ³ì çàâäÿêè ñâîºìó âåëèêîìó âíóòð³øíüîìó ðèíêîâ³ — 48 ìëí îñ³á, ùî º ïðèâàáëèâèì äëÿ áóäü-ÿêî¿ òðàíñíàö³îíàëüíî¿ êîðïîðàö³¿ ³ äëÿ áóäü-ÿêî¿ êîìïàí³¿, ÿêà âèðîáëÿº òîâàðè øèðîêîãî âæèòêó. Áàãàòî ³íâåñòîð³â ðîçãëÿäàº Óêðà¿íó ÿê ìîæëèâ³ñòü âèõîäó íà ðèíêè êðà¿í ×îðíîìîðñüêîãî áàñåéíó òà êðà¿í êîëèøíüîãî Ðàäÿíñüêîãî Ñîþçó — çàâäÿêè ¿¿ âèã³äíèì òðàíñïîðòíèì ðîçâ’ÿçêàì. Óêðà¿íà ìàº âåëèêèé ì³æíàðîäíèé òîðãîâåëüíèé ïîòåíö³àë, îñê³ëüêè ðîçòàøîâàíà íà ïåðåòèí³ òðàíñïîðòíèõ — àâ³à-, ìîðñüêèõ òà çàë³çíè÷íèõ — øëÿõ³â. Äî ðå÷³, çàðàç ìè º ñâ³äêàìè ïðîöåñó ïåðåíåñåííÿ ï³äïðèºìñòâ ³ç êðà¿í Ñõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè, äå çàòðàòè íà âèðîáíèöòâî ï³äâèùèëèñÿ, äî Çàõ³äíî¿ Óêðà¿íè. Í³ìåöüê³ ÷è, ñêàæ³ìî, ôðàíöóçüê³ êîìïàí³¿, ÿê³ ùå äîíåäàâíà ïðàöþâàëè ó Ïîëüù³, ×åõ³¿, Óãîðùèí³, òåïåð ïåðåíîñÿòü ñâîº âèðîáíèöòâî äî Ðóìóí³¿, Óêðà¿íè òà Áîëãàð³¿. Òîáòî ó êðà¿íè, äå äåøåâøîþ º ðîáî÷à ñèëà. Öåé ïðîöåñ áóäå ³íòåíñèô³êîâàíî ç³ ñòâîðåííÿì çîíè â³ëüíî¿ òîðã³âë³ ç ªÑ. Îä-

Vasyl MIROSHNICHENKO, stated CFC Consulting partner, Ukrainian-British City Club director, has Master’s degree at London School of Economy and at Shevchenko Institute of International Relationships (SIIR)

It is Obvious that Ukraine has a huge investment potential. First of all this is due to its interior market — 48 million people which is attractive to any transnational corporation or any company interested in widely used products. A lot of investors see Ukraine as an opportunity of entering the Black Sea area market and post USSR countries owing to its beneficial transport position. Ukraine has huge international trade potential because of its road-, air-, sea— and railway crossroad position. In fact we are witnessing the process of enterprises being moved from West European countries to the West of Ukraine. Due to the raise of work expenses German and French companies that worked recent-

íàê íå ñë³ä ïëóòàòè íàøó äåøåâó ðîáî÷ó ñèëó ç äåøåâîþ ðîáî÷îþ ñèëîþ, ïðèì³ðîì, Êèòàþ. ²ç Êèòàºì âàæêî êîíêóðóâàòè ó öüîìó íàïðÿìêó. Òîìó íàì ñë³ä çîñåðåäèòèñü íà ³íòåëåêòóàëüíîìó ïîòåíö³àë³ óêðà¿íñüêîãî ëþäñüêîãî ðåñóðñó. Â³í ðîçâèâàâñÿ ïîêîë³ííÿìè ïðîòÿãîì äåñÿòèë³òü, îñîáëèâî öå ñòîñóºòüñÿ òî÷íèõ íàóê òà òåõí³÷íî¿ ñôåðè çàãàëîì. Íàø ëþäñüêèé ðåñóðñ — öå êàï³òàë, ÿêèé ³íâåñòîð ìîæå âèêîðèñòàòè äëÿ âëàñíîãî ïðèáóòêó. Öå íîðìàëüíî. Öå îñíîâíà ìåòà ³íâåñòîðà. Íàòîì³ñòü ³íâåñòîð ïðèíîñèòü áàãàòî êîðèñò³ íàø³é åêîíîì³ö³ — ñòâîðþº ðîáî÷³ ì³ñöÿ, ô³íàíñóº íàö³îíàëüíèé áþäæåò, ñïëà÷óþ÷è ïîäàòêè, ãîòóº ïðîôåñ³éíèõ ìåíåäæåð³â, ÿê³, çäîáóâøè çíàííÿ òà äîñâ³ä óïðàâë³ííÿ êîìïàí³ºþ ó ñôåð³ âèðîáíèöòâà, ô³íàíñ³â, ìàðêåòèíãó, ïðîäàæ³â ³ ò.³., ïîò³ì çìîæóòü ñòâîðþâàòè ñâî¿ êîìïàí³¿ â³äïîâ³äíî äî âèñîêèõ ñòàíäàðò³â êîðïîðàòèâíîãî óïðàâë³ííÿ òà á³çíåñîâî¿ åòèêè. Âàæëèâî, ùîá Óêðà¿íà íàðåøò³ ïî÷àëà ðîçáóäîâóâàòè ñâîþ åêîíîì³êó çà ñâ³òîâèìè ñòàíäàðòàìè òà ç ÷³òêîþ ñòðàòåã³ºþ, à íå õàîòè÷íî, ÿê öå â³äáóâàºòüñÿ ñüîãîäí³. À â³äëÿêóº â³ä íàñ ³íâåñòîð³â, çâè÷àéíî, âèñîêèé ð³âåíü êîðóïö³¿, áþðîêðàò³ÿ, íåêîìïåòåíòí³ñòü îðãàí³â ì³ñöåâî¿ âëàäè ó ðîáîò³ ç ³íâåñòîðàìè. Íà ðåã³îíàëüíîìó ð³âí³ öå ïðîñòî æàõ, áî í³õòî íå âîëîä³º ³íîçåìíèìè ìîâàìè, ïðîöåñ äîêóìåíòàö³¿ äóæå ÷àñòî çàòðèìóºòüñÿ ñàìå ç âèíè óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ñòîðîíè. ²íøèì âàãîìèì íåãàòèâíèì ÷èííèêîì º, áåçóìîâíî, ïîë³òè÷íà íåñòàá³ëüí³ñòü. Ùîðîêó ïðîâîäèòè âèáîðè — öå àáñóðä. Áåç ä³ºâîãî óðÿäó åêîíîì³êà êðà¿íè º äóæå âðàçëèâîþ,

ly in Poland, Check Republic and Hungary now move to Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria where work costs less. This process will be hastened after the agreeing of the free trade zone with EU. Yet our cheap labour should not be confused with Chinese labour which is out of comparison. This is the reason we have to put an accent on the intellectual potential of Ukrainian human resources. It was developed through decades; especially it is to do with exact sciences and technical spheres in general. Our human resource is the capital that an investor can use in his own profit. This is the investor’s main goal but he can also contribute into our economy. He creates working places, finances our national budget, pays taxes and trains professional managers, who, while increasing their knowledge and experience in marketing, trading and managing, can open their own businesses according to corporative management and business ethic’s high standards. It is very important for Ukraine to develop its economy in accordance with high world standards and with a clear strategy instead of this chaotic way of developing nowadays. The first thing that frightens the investors away is, of course, the high levels of corruption

îñîáëèâî ó êîíòåêñò³ ñâ³òîâî¿ ô³íàíñîâî¿ êðèçè, ÿêà, íà äóìêó áàãàòüîõ àíàë³òèê³â, º íàéãëèáøîþ ³ íàéñåðéîçí³øîþ êðèçîþ, ÿêó áà÷èâ ñâ³ò äîíèí³. Ìåíøå ç òèì, 2002 ðîêó íà ñåì³íàð³ ó Òîðã³âåëüí³é Ðàä³ ²ñëàíä³¿ ó Ðåéê’ÿâ³êó ÿ ðîçïîâ³äàâ, ùî çà äåñÿòü ðîê³â íåçàëåæíîñò³ Óêðà¿íà çìîãëà çàëó÷èòè 5 ìëðä äîëàð³â ïðÿìèõ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é. Íèí³ öÿ öèôðà íàáëèæàºòüñÿ äî òðèäöÿòè ì³ëüÿðä³â äîëàð³â. Òîáòî çà ø³ñòü ðîê³â ìè çàëó÷èëè ìàéæå 25 ìëðä! Öå çíà÷íèé ïîñòóï. Ñïîä³âàþñü, Óêðà¿íà ñêîðèñòàºòüñÿ ìåõàí³çìàìè ÑÎÒ äëÿ ïðîäîâæåííÿ ë³áåðàë³çàö³¿ ñâîº¿ åêîíîì³êè, ùî ðîáèòèìå ¿¿ äåäàë³ ïðèâàáëèâ³øîþ äëÿ ì³æíàðîäíèõ ³íâåñòîð³â.

and local authorities’ incompetence in working with the investors. Speaking about the regions, it is very difficult to work there because hardly anybody speaks a foreign language and the bureaucratic process is always delayed by Ukrainian employees. Another negative fact is the absence of political stability. There is an Election each year which is nonsense. Without an active government a country’s economy is very vulnerable especially during the world financial crisis which is the deepest and the most serious crisis the world has ever seen, according to many analysts. In 2002 at the Trade session in Reykjavik, Iceland I was announcing that during the 10 years of Ukraine’s independence it had received $ 5 billion of direct investment. Nowadays this number has approached $ 30 billion which means that in the last 5 years we received $ 25 billion! This is a great step forward. I hope Ukraine will use COT? mechanism to continue the liberalization of its economy which will make her more attractive to foreign investors.

²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²¯ INVESTMENTS

Óêðà¿íñüêèé öåíòð ñïðèÿííÿ ³íîçåìíîìó ³íâåñòóâàííþ — â³äîìèé ³íâåñòîðîâ³ ï³ä áðåíäîì InvestUkraine — áóâ çàñíîâàíèé ó ñåðïí³ 2005 ðîêó ïîñòàíîâîþ Êàá³íåòó Ì³í³ñòð³â Óêðà¿íè, ïåðåáóâàº ó ñôåð³ óïðàâë³ííÿ Äåðæàâíîãî àãåíòñòâà Óêðà¿íè ç ³íâåñòèö³é òà ³ííîâàö³é. Îñíîâîþ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ InvestUkraine º ïðàêòè÷íà ðåàë³çàö³ÿ äåðæàâíî¿ ³íâåñòèö³éíî¿ ïîë³òèêè. Öåíòð º äåðæàâíîþ áþäæåòíîþ óñòàíîâîþ. Ì³ñ³ÿ InvestUkraine — ñïðèÿòè çàëó÷åííþ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é ó åêîíîì³êó Óêðà¿íè. Íåçàëåæíà é íåïðèáóòêîâà îðãàí³çàö³ÿ InvestUkraine áåçêîøòîâíî íàäàº ïðîôåñ³éí³ êîíñóëüòàö³éí³ ïîñëóãè ïîòåíö³éíèì òà ³ñíóþ÷èì ³íâåñòîðàì ç ïèòàíü çàïî÷àòêóâàííÿ òà âåäåííÿ á³çíåñó â Óêðà¿í³. Ä³ÿëüí³ñòþ InvestUkraine êåðóº äèðåêòîð òà Íàãëÿäîâà Ðàäà, ÿêà ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç ïðåäñòàâíèê³â óðÿäó, ì³æíàðîäíèõ îðãàí³çàö³é òà ïðèâàòíîãî ñåêòîðà.

Íàïðÿìêè ä³ÿëüíîñò³: Ñïðèÿííÿ çàëó÷åííþ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é â åêîíîì³êó Óêðà¿íè Ñòâîðåííÿ ïðèâàáëèâîãî ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî ³ì³äæó Óêðà¿íè çà êîðäîíîì Ï³äòðèìêà ðîçâèòêó ïðîìèñëîâèõ çîí òà òåõíîëîã³÷íèõ ïàðê³â Ïîë³ïøåííÿ ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî êë³ìàòó â Óêðà¿í³

Ïðîïîíóºìî Âàì ³íâåñòóâàòè â Óêðà¿íó, íàéá³ëüøèé òà øâèäêîçðîñòàþ÷èé ðèíîê Ñõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè. Áàæàºòå çàñíóâàòè âèðîáíè÷ó ô³ë³þ, çíàéòè âèñîêîêâàë³ô³êîâàíèé ïåðñîíàë, ðîçøèðèòè ñâîþ ä³ÿëüí³ñòü íà íîâîìó ðèíêó àáî øóêàºòå ìîæëèâîñò³ ñòâîðèòè íîâó ô³ðìó? Óêðà¿íà — îäíå ç çàõîïëþþ÷èõ ³ áàãàòîîá³öÿþ÷èõ ì³ñöü ªâðîïè. InvestUkraine ãîòîâèé äîïîìîãòè Âàì çàñíóâàòè ñâ³é á³çíåñ ³ ñïðèÿòè Âàøîìó óñï³õîâ³. Ìè ç íåòåðï³ííÿì ÷åêàºìî íà çóñòð³÷ ç Âàìè â Óêðà¿í³. Ç ïîâàãîþ, ²ãîð Í²ÊÎËÀÉÊÎ

We offer you the opportunity to invest in Ukraine, the biggest and fastest growing market of Eastern Europe. Do you wish to start a production branch and to find highly qualified staff while broadening your activities in a new market? Or are you looking for the opportunity to create a new firm? Ukraine is one of the most fascinating and promising places of Europe. Invest Ukraine is ready to help you to found your business and to promote your success. We are looking forward to meeting you in Ukraine. With respect, Igor NIKOLAIKO

The Ukrainian centre for the promotion of foreign investment is well known to investors under the name ‘Invest Ukraine’ and was founded in august 2005 by the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and it is directed by the state agency of Ukraine for investments and innovations. The basis of the activity of Invest Ukraine is the practical implementation of state investment policies. And the centre is a state budgeted establishment. The mission of Invest Ukraine is the attraction of foreign investments into the Ukrainian economy. The independent and non profit organisation Invest Ukraine consults professionally and without charge potential and existing investors about starting and running a business in Ukraine. The activity of Invest Ukraine is run by

the director’s commission which includes representatives of the government and international organisations and the private sector.

Ïðèíöèïè íàøî¿ ðîáîòè: Ðîçóì³ííÿ ïîòðåá ³íâåñòîð³â Êîìïåòåíòí³ñòü òà ïðîçîð³ñòü Îïåðàòèâí³ñòü Óêðà¿íà, ì. Êè¿â 01042, âóë. Ðàºâñüêîãî, 36 òåë: +38 044 537 7313 ôàêñ: + 38 044 537 7311 Ukraine Kiev 01042, Raevski Street 36, Tel +38 044 537 7313 Fax +38 044 537 7311 e-mail: info@investukraine.org www.investukraine.org

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

The directions of activities Attraction of foreign investments into the Ukrainian economy Creation of an attractive investment image of Ukraine abroad Support for the development of industrial areas and technological parks. Improvement of the investment climate of Ukraine

Principles of our work: understanding of investors needs competence and transparency energy use of modern technologies

Регіональний аспект інвестиційної складової Çàëó÷åííÿ ïðÿìèõ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é (Ï²²) äëÿ áóäü-ÿêî¿ êðà¿íè º îäíèì ç ïð³îðèòåòíèõ çàâäàíü òà íåâ³ä’ºìíîþ ñêëàäîâîþ ñòàëîãî åêîíîì³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó. Ïîïðè òå, ùî åêîíîì³÷í³ åôåêòè â³ä ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é ìàéæå íåìîæëèâî âèì³ðÿòè ç âèñîêîþ òî÷í³ñòþ, ìîæíà ãîâîðèòè ïðî ¿õ ñóòòºâèé âïëèâ íà åêîíîì³÷íó ðåçóëüòàòèâí³ñòü ó êðà¿í³ çà òàêèìè íàïðÿìêàìè: ³íòåãðàö³ÿ åêîíîì³êè êðà¿íè ó ñâ³òîâó åêîíîì³êó òà ï³äâèùåííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ åêñïîðòó; çðîñòàííÿ ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ ïðàö³ (çàâäÿêè ïåðåäà÷³ âèðîáíè÷èõ ³ íåìàòåð³àëüíèõ òåõíîëîã³é, òåõíîëîã³÷íèõ ïðîöåñ³â, óïðàâë³ííÿ, îðãàí³çàö³¿ òà ìàðêåòèíãó) òîùî.

íàë³ç äèíàì³êè ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é â Óêðà¿íó ñâ³ä÷èòü ïðî òå, ùî äî 2003 ðîêó ïîð³âíÿíî ç êðà¿íàìè Ñõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè Óêðà¿íà çàëèøàëàñÿ ìåíø ïðèâàáëèâîþ äëÿ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòîð³â. ×èñòèé ïðèïëèâ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é ó åêîíîì³êó êðà¿íè áóâ íèæ÷èì, àí³æ â³äïîâ³äíèé ïîêàçíèê Ïîëüù³ (ó 7 ðàç³â), ×åõ³¿ (ó 6 ðàç³â), Óãîðùèíè (ó 3 ðàçè). Íàïðèê³íö³ 90-õ ðîê³â Óãîðùèíà áóëà ºäèíîþ êðà¿íîþ Ñõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè, äå Ï²² ÿê â³äñîòîê ó âàëîâîìó íàãðîìàäæåíí³ îñíîâíîãî êàï³òàëó ñòàëî ïåðåâèùóâàâ 20%. Äëÿ ïîð³âíÿííÿ — â Óêðà¿í³ 2000 ðîêó öÿ öèôðà ñòàíîâèëà 5,9%. Íà â³äì³ííó â³ä ³íøèõ êðà¿í, ãîëîâíîþ ñêëàäîâîþ ³íâåñòèö³é â îñíîâíèé êàï³òàë â Óêðà¿í³ áóëè âëàñí³ êîøòè ï³äïðèºìñòâ (ìàéæå 70%). ×åðåç ñ³ì ðîê³â, òîáòî 2007 ðîêó, öèôðè ñóòòºâî çì³íèëèñÿ. Çàâäÿêè ðîçâèòêîâ³ áàíê³âñüêîãî êðåäèòóâàííÿ ñòð³ìêî çðîñëà ÷àñòêà êðåäèòíèõ ïîçèê ó ñòðóêòóð³ îñíîâíîãî êàï³òàëó â³ò÷èçíÿíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ (ç 1,7% 2000 ðîêó äî 16,7% — 2007). Ïðîòå ïîäîðîæ÷àííÿ êðåäèòíèõ ðåñóðñ³â ³ íåìîæëèâ³ñòü óêðà¿íñüêèõ áàíê³â ô³íàíñóâàòè âåëèê³ âèðîáíè÷³ ïðîåêòè ÷åðåç íåäîñòàòíþ êàï³òàë³çàö³þ ñóòòºâî ï³äâèùèëè ðîëü ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é ó ô³íàíñóâàíí³ ñàìå êàï³òàëîºìíèõ ïðîåêò³â. Ïî÷èíàþ÷è ç 2006 ðîêó â³äáóâàºòüñÿ ñòð³ìêå çðîñòàííÿ îáñÿã³â ïðÿìèõ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é â Óêðà¿íó. Öüîìó ñïðèÿëè ïîë³ïøåííÿ ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî êë³ìàòó â Óêðà¿í³, àêòèâ³çàö³ÿ ïðîöåñ³â ïðèâàòèçàö³¿ ³ç çàëó÷åííÿì ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòîð³â òà ³í. À ãîëîâíå — Óêðà¿íó ïî÷àëè ðîçãëÿäàòè ÿê êðà¿íó ç³ çíà÷íèì ³íâåñòèö³éíèì ïîòåíö³àëîì. Ãåîãðàô³÷íå ðîçòàøóâàííÿ, âåëèêèé ñïîæèâ÷èé òà ñèðî-

âèííèé ðèíîê, íåäîñòàòíüî êàï³òàë³çîâàíèé òà íàñè÷åíèé âíóòð³øí³é ðèíîê, áëèçüê³ñòü äî ñïîæèâ÷èõ ðèíê³â Ðîñ³¿ òà êðà¿í ªÑ — óñ³ ö³ ÷èííèêè çàáåçïå÷óâàëè Óêðà¿í³ óâàãó ç áîêó ïîòåíö³éíèõ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòîð³â.

åçïåðå÷íî, ïîë³ïøåííÿ ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî ³ì³äæó Óêðà¿íè çà êîðäîíîì òà ïîêðàùåííÿ ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî êë³ìàòó âñåðåäèí³ êðà¿íè º âàæëèâèìè ñêëàäîâèìè ³íâåñòèö³éíî¿ ïðèâàáëèâîñò³. Äî òîãî æ, öå îäíå ç ãîëîâíèõ çàâäàíü, ïîêëàäåíèõ íà Óêðà¿íñüêèé öåíòð ñïðèÿííÿ ³íîçåìíîìó ³íâåñòóâàííþ «InvestUkraine». Ïðîòå êîëè ïîòåíö³éíîãî ³íâåñòîðà çàö³êàâèëà Óêðà¿íà, â³í, ïîïåðåäíüî âèçíà÷èâøèñü ³ç êîíêðåòíèì ðåã³îíîì (çàëåæíî â³ä ñèðîâèííèõ ðèíê³â, ðèíê³â çáóòó òà ³íøèõ ÷èííèê³â), ïî÷èíàº äåòàëüí³øå âèâ÷àòè öþ ä³ëÿíêó òà àêòèâíî ñï³âïðàöþâàòè, íàëàãîäæóâàòè ä³àëîã ç ì³ñöåâèìè îðãàíàìè âëàäè. Ùå íà åòàï³ îòðèìàííÿ ³íôîðìàö³¿ ïðî ì³ñöåâ³ñòü, äå ðîçòàøîâàíà ïîïåðåäíüî îáðàíà ä³ëÿíêà, ïîòåíö³éíèé ³íâåñòîð ìîæå ç³òêíóòèñü ³ç íèçêîþ ïðîáëåì. ×àñòî ñàéòè îáëàñíèõ àäì³í³ñòðàö³é íå íàïîâíåí³ íàëåæíîþ ³íôîðìàö³ºþ, ùî ö³êàâèòü ïîòåíö³éíîãî ³íâåñòîðà, ³íôîðìàö³ÿ áóâàº íåïåðåâ³ðåíîþ, çàñòàð³ëîþ ÷è íå ïåðåêëàäåíîþ ³íîçåìíèìè ìîâàìè. Êîæåí ðåã³îí Óêðà¿íè ìàº ñâîþ ñòðàòåã³þ åêîíîì³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó, äå ìàþòü áóòè ïåðåäáà÷åí³ ïðèíöèïè é åôåêòèâí³ ïðàêòèêè ó ñôåð³ çàëó÷åííÿ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é — â³ä ìàðêåòèíãîâèõ ³íñòðóìåíò³â äî îðãàí³çàö³¿ ³ çä³éñíåííÿ â³çèòó ïîòåíö³éíîãî ³íâåñòîðà, ï³äãîòîâêè íîðìàòèâíî-ïðàâîâî¿ áàçè òà íàëåæíîãî ð³âíÿ ôàõ³âö³â.

Òîìó ç ìåòîþ âèðîáëåííÿ çàãàëüíî¿ ñòðàòåã³¿, îáì³íó äîñâ³äîì òà ïîøóêó íîâèõ øëÿõ³â ñï³âïðàö³ ì³æ ôàõ³âöÿìè ³ç çàëó÷åííÿ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é ó ì³ñöåâèõ îðãàíàõ âëàäè, InvestUkraine çàïî÷àòêóâàâ ùîð³÷í³ íàâ÷àëüí³ ñåì³íàðè, ÿê³ ïðîõîäÿòü ó Êèºâ³. Òîð³ê ôàõ³âö³ InvestUkraine ïðîâåëè òðè òàê³ ñåì³íàðè çà ó÷àñòþ ïðåäñòàâíèê³â óñ³õ îáëàñíèõ ³ áàãàòüîõ ì³ñüêèõ àäì³í³ñòðàö³é. Öåíòð çàïðîñèâ ñïåö³àë³ñò³â USAID/ LED (ïðîåêò «Ì³ñöåâèé ðîçâèòîê ì³ñò») òà Êè¿âñüêî¿ îáëàñíî¿ àäì³í³ñòðàö³¿, ÿê³ ñï³ëüíî ç InvestUkraine ïðîâîäèëè íèçêó ïðåçåíòàö³é, ñïðÿìîâàíèõ íà âèñâ³òëåííÿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ Öåíòðó ³ øëÿõ³â êîíñîë³äàö³¿ çóñèëü InvestUkraine ç ðåã³îíàìè. Íà ïðåçåíòàö³ÿõ ðîçãëÿäàëè òèïîâ³ ïîìèëêè ³íôîðìàö³éíèõ ðåã³îíàëüíèõ ðåñóðñ³â, îáãîâîðþâàëè ïèòàííÿ ô³íàíñîâî¿ é åêîíîì³÷íî¿ îö³íêè ³íâåñòèö³éíèõ ïðîåêò³â, ï³äãîòîâêó ïðîìèñëîâèõ ä³ëÿíîê òà ³íäóñòð³àëüíèõ çîí, àíàë³çóâàëè ñòðàòåã³÷í³ ³íâåñòèö³éí³ ïð³îðèòåòè, ìàðêåòèíã òåðèòîð³é, à òàêîæ çàëó÷åííÿ ³íâåñòèö³é â êîíòåêñò³ ªÂÐÎ-2012. Ãîëîâíèì çäîáóòêîì â îðãàí³çàö³¿ ñåì³íàð³â ìîæíà ââàæàòè çíàéîìñòâî ôàõ³âö³â, íàëàãîäæåííÿ ä³ëîâèõ êîíòàêò³â ³ çàïî÷àòêóâàííÿ íîâî¿ ñõåìè ðîáîòè, â ÿê³é InvestUkraine â³äâîäèòüñÿ ïðèíöèïîâî íîâà ðîëü — äîïîìîãòè Óêðà¿í³ çäîáóòè êðàù³ ïîçèö³¿ â êîíêóðåíòí³é áîðîòüá³ çà ³íîçåìíîãî ³íâåñòîðà.

ðàäèö³éíîþ ñòàëà ïðàêòèêà ïðîâåäåííÿ ì³æíàðîäíèõ ³íâåñòèö³éíèõ ôîðóì³â ó íàéá³ëüøèõ ì³ñòàõ Óêðà¿íè. Òàê, íàïðèêëàä, Ëüâ³âñüêèé ì³æíàðîäíèé åêîíîì³÷íèé ôîðóì â³äáóâñÿ âæå óâîñüìå. Ïîä³áí³ çàõîäè òàêîæ ùîð³÷íî âëàøòîâóþòü ó Êèºâ³, Äîíåöüêó, Ñóìàõ, ßëò³. Äî ì³ñò, ÿê³ âæå òðàäèö³éíî ïðîâîäÿòü ì³æíàðîäí³ ³íâåñòèö³éí³ ôîðóìè, òåïåð äîëó÷èâñÿ é Õàðê³â. Çà ñïðèÿííÿ Õàðê³âñüêî¿ ì³ñüêî¿ ðàäè òà Êîíñóëüñòâà Àâñòð³éñüêî¿ Ðåñïóáë³êè ó ì³ñò³ Õàðêîâ³, InvestUkraine îðãàí³çóâàâ íàóêîâî-ïðàêòè÷íèé ñåì³íàð «²íâåñòóâàííÿ â Óêðà¿íó: ñó÷àñí³ñòü òà ïåðñïåêòèâè», ÿêèé ïðîéøîâ 10–11 ãðóäíÿ 2008 ðîêó. Íà çàïðîøåííÿ InvestUkraine â ðîáîò³ ñåì³íàðó âçÿëè ó÷àñòü ïîíàä äåñÿòü ³íîçåìíèõ äåëåãàö³é ç òàêèõ êðà¿í, ÿê Âåëèêîáðèòàí³ÿ, ²íäîíåç³ÿ, Ïîëüùà, Àâñòð³ÿ, Ñëîâåí³ÿ.

²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²¯ INVESTMENTS

Ñåðåä êðà¿í ÑÍÄ íà ñåì³íàð³ áóëè ïðèñóòí³ ïðåäñòàâíèêè äèïëîìàòè÷íèõ ì³ñ³é ç Ðîñ³¿, Óçáåêèñòàíó, Êàçàõñòàíó ³ Òàäæèêèñòàíó. Ôàõ³âö³ InvestUkraine íà ïðàâàõ âåäó÷èõ ïîðóøèëè ïèòàííÿ ðîçâèòêó äâîñòîðîíí³õ â³äíîñèí ç êðà¿íàìè-ó÷àñíèöÿìè çàõîäó, à òàêîæ ïðîâåëè íèçêó ïðåçåíòàö³é, ñïðÿìîâàíèõ íà âèñâ³òëåííÿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ InvestUkraine ³ ìîæëèâèõ øëÿõ³â ñï³âïðàö³ ç çàêîðäîííèìè ïàðòíåðàìè. Ïðîãðàìà ñåì³íàðó ïåðåäáà÷àëà îáãîâîðåííÿ øèðîêîãî ñïåêòðà òåîðåòè÷íèõ ïèòàíü òà îáì³í ïðàêòè÷íèì äîñâ³äîì ³íâåñòèö³éíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ â Óêðà¿í³. Ñâî¿ìè ïðàêòè÷íèìè äîñÿãíåííÿìè ³ç çàëó÷åííÿ ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é ïîä³ëèëèñÿ àíàëîã³÷í³ InvestUkraine àãåíö³¿ ç Ïîëüù³ òà Ñëîâåí³¿. Âàðòî çàçíà÷èòè, ùî ð³âåíü ðîáîòè àãåíö³é ³ç çàëó÷åííÿ ³íâåñòèö³é ó öèõ êðà¿íàõ äîñèòü åôåêòèâíèé, âîíè ð³çíÿòüñÿ ñòðóêòóðîþ ï³äïîðÿäêóâàííÿ, ð³âíåì ïîâíîâàæåíü òà áþäæåòàìè. Òàê, íàïðèêëàä, Ñëîâåíñüêà àãåíö³ÿ ³ç çàëó÷åííÿ ³íâåñòèö³é SARIO ìàº ñâî¿ ïðåäñòàâíèöòâà ó ïîíàä äåñÿòè êðà¿íàõ. Äëÿ ïîð³âíÿííÿ, óêðà¿íñüêèé öåíòð InvestUkraine ìàº ºäèíèé îô³ñ ó Êèºâ³. Ñåðåä âèñòóï³â ïðåäñòàâíèê³â ³íîçåìíèõ á³çíåñ-ñòðóêòóð, ùî ïðàöþþòü ó íàñ, çîêðåìà, ïðîçâó÷àëà äóìêà Äæà³íà Ìàéàíêà (²íä³ÿ) ïðî ïåðåïîíè, ç ÿêèìè â³í îñîáèñòî çóñòð³÷àâñÿ, çàïî÷àòêîâóþ÷è á³çíåñ â Óêðà¿í³. Ïðåäñòàâíèêè ²íäîíåç³¿ — Ï³íäàõ Ñóíàðòî òà Àð³ô Áàõò³ÿð — íàãîëîñèëè íà íåîáõ³äíîñò³ àêòèâ³çàö³¿ çâ’ÿçê³â ì³æ êðà¿íàìè çàãàëîì òà á³çíåñ-êîëàìè çîêðåìà. Òàê, Óêðà¿íà òà ²íäîíåç³ÿ âæå ï³äïèñàëè Ìåìîðàíäóì ïðî ñï³âïðàöþ â åêîíîì³÷í³é ãàëóç³: äîñÿãíóòî äîìîâëåíîñòåé ïðî ñïðîùåííÿ ïîäâ³éíîãî îïîäàòêóâàííÿ, ñï³âðîá³òíèöòâî â ³íâåñòèö³éí³é òà áàíê³âñüê³é ãàëóçÿõ, à òàêîæ ïðî ìèðíå îñâîºííÿ êîñìîñó. Ðåàë³çàö³ÿ åêîíîì³÷íî¿ ñï³âïðàö³ â³äáóëàñü ³ â ³íøèõ ãàëóçÿõ. ²íäîíåç³ÿ çàêóïèëà âàíòàæí³ àâòîìîá³ë³ ìàðêè «ÊÐÀÇ» (Êðåìåí÷óöüêîãî àâòîìîá³ëüíîãî çàâîäó).

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Òàêîæ ñï³ëüíî ç ³íäîíåç³éñüêîþ êîìïàí³ºþ â Îäåñ³ ïîáóäîâàíî çàâîä ç î÷èùåííÿ ïàëüìîâî¿ îë³¿.

èðîê³ ìîæëèâîñò³ äëÿ ñï³âïðàö³ â³äêðèëèñÿ ïåðåä Õàðê³âñüêèì ðåã³îíîì òà êðà¿íàìè Öåíòðàëüíî¿ Àç³¿, çîêðåìà Óçáåêèñòàíîì òà Òàäæèêèñòàíîì. Ó ðàìêàõ âæå ÷èííèõ äîìîâëåíîñòåé ïðåäñòàâíèêè ì³ñüêî¿ âëàäè ïðîâåëè ïåðåãîâîðè ç Ðàäíèêîì ç òîðã³âåëüíîåêîíîì³÷íèõ ïèòàíü Ïîñîëüñòâà Ðåñïóáë³êè Óçáåêèñòàí â Óêðà¿í³ Áàòèðîì Þñóïîâèì, çà ðåçóëüòàòàìè ÿêèõ ïëàíóºòüñÿ ðîçøèðèòè ñï³âðîá³òíèöòâî ùîäî ïîñòà÷àííÿ ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêî¿ òåõí³êè Õàðê³âñüêîãî òðàêòîðíîãî çàâîäó äî Óçáåêèñòàíó. Ó ïåðåìîâèíàõ ç ðàäíèêîì òîðãîâåëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íî¿ ì³ñ³¿ Ðåñïóáë³êè Òàäæèêèñòàí â Óêðà¿í³ Íàçóðëî ²ñîºâèì áóëî âèêëàäåíî íîâ³ ïåðñïåêòèâè ñï³âïðàö³ ì³æ Êèºâîì òà Äóøàíáå â åíåðãåòè÷í³é ãàëóç³. Éøëîñÿ ïðî óêëàäåííÿ êîíòðàêòó íà ïîñòà÷àííÿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî òóðá³ííîãî îáëàäíàííÿ äî Ðîãóíñüêî¿ òà Íóðåêñüêî¿ ÃÅÑ. Óíàñë³äîê ïðîâåäåíèõ Öåíòðîì ñåì³íàð³â äëÿ ðåã³îí³â áóëî äîñÿãíóòî ãîëîâíó ìåòó: âèçíà÷åíî êëþ÷îâ³ íàïðÿìêè ñï³âïðàö³ ì³æ ðåã³îíàìè òà ³íîçåìíèìè ³íâåñòîðàìè. Ó ö³é óãîä³ InvestUkraine â³äâîäèòüñÿ ðîëü ïîñåðåäíèêà, ³íôîðìàö³éíî-àíàë³òè÷íîãî öåíòðó ³ ñâîºð³äíî¿ áàçè äàíèõ ³íâåñòèö³éíèõ çàïèò³â ³íâåñòîð³â òà ³íâåñòèö³éíèõ ïðîïîçèö³é ðåã³îí³â, ùî äîçâîëèòü ¿ì øâèäøå òà ïðîäóêòèâí³øå â³äíàéòè îäíå îäíîãî. Ïðàêòèêà ïðîâåäåíèõ ñåì³íàð³â âèÿâèëàñÿ íàïðî÷óä âäàëîþ òà åôåêòèâíîþ, ùî ñòâîðþº ïåðåäóìîâè äëÿ ïðîäîâæåííÿ ³ âäîñêîíàëåííÿ ïîä³áíèõ çàõîä³â. Ãîëîâíîþ ìåòîþ ñï³âïðàö³ InvestUkraine òà ðåã³îí³â çàëèøàºòüñÿ çàö³êàâëåííÿ ³íîçåìíîãî ³íâåñòîðà Óêðà¿íîþ, ïîë³ïøåííÿ ¿¿ ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî êë³ìàòó òà, â³äïîâ³äíî, çá³ëüøåííÿ íàïëèâó ³íîçåìíèõ ³íâåñòèö³é â Óêðà¿íó äëÿ çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ñòàëîãî åêîíîì³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó. Ìàòåð³àë ï³äãîòîâëåíî Óêðà¿íñüêèì öåíòðîì ñïðèÿííÿ ³íîçåìíîìó ³íâåñòóâàííþ

Attraction of direct oversees investments is one of the firs-priority objectives and an integral part of a steadfast economic development in any country. Though economic effects from overseas investments can hardly be measured with high accuracy, they obviously make a considerable influence on the economic effectiveness in the country in the following areas: integration of the country’s economy into the global economy and an increase in export efficiency; growth of labor productivity (due to the transfer of manufacturing and nonmaterial technologies, technological processes, management, organization and marketing), etc.

nalysis of the dynamics of overseas investments in Ukraine shows that until 2003 Ukraine remained less attractive to overseas investors compared to East-European economies. The net inflow of overseas investments into the country’s economy was lower than the same index in Poland (by 7 times), Czech Republic (by 6 times), and Hungary (by 3 times). By the end of the 90-s Hungary was the only East-European country whose direct overseas investments made up over 20% of gross accumulation of the basic capital. In 2000 in Ukraine this figure was 5,9%. Unlike other countries main part of investments into basic capital in Ukraine was comprised of own funds of enterprises (about 70%). By 2007, the figures had changed considerably. With the development of bank loans schemes the share of credit loans in the structure of the basic capital of enterprises rose dramatically (from 1.7% in 2000 to 16.7% in 2007). However due to rise in the price of credit resources and inability of Ukrainian banks, because of scarce capitalization, to finance large-scale production projects the role of overseas investments in the financing of capital-intensive projects increased. Since 2006 there has been a swift increase in the scope of direct overseas investments in Ukraine. This was favored by a better investment climate in Ukraine, more active privatization processes with attraction of overseas investors, etc. And the main thing is that Ukraine started to be regarded as an economy with a considerable investment potential. Its favorable geographical position, big consumer and raw material market, undercapitalized and under saturated domestic market, location close to the consumer markets of Russia and EC countries insured Ukraine attention from potential overseas investors.

bviously the improved investment image of Ukraine abroad as well as better investment climate inside the country are important constituents of investment attractiveness. This is one of the major tasks entrusted to the Ukrainian Center of overseas investment promotion “InvestUkraine”. If the potential investor takes an interest in Ukraine he,

Regional Aspect of the Investment Component after making a preliminary decision on the particular region (depending on the raw material market, product market and other factors), begins a thorough examination of the area and an active co-operation and dialogue with the local authorities. As early as phase of gathering information about the area, and location of the previously selected sector the potential investor can be faced with a chain of problems. The regional administration websites do not often contain the information the potential investor is interested in. The information is sometimes unverified, out-dated or not translated into foreign languages. Each region of Ukraine has its own strategy of economic development with principles and effective practices of overseas investment attraction to be envisaged — from marketing tools to the arrangement of potential investor’s visits, development of legal regulations and proper specialists training. Therefore, to develop the general strategy, exchange experience and seek the new ways of cooperation between the overseas investment specialists in local authorities, InvestUkraine initiated annual training seminars held in Kyiv. This year InvestUkraine specialists have given three such seminars attended by representatives of all regional and many local authorities. The center invited specialists of USAID/ LED (“Local economic development” project) and Kyiv regional state administration who together with InvestUkraine gave a succession of presentations aimed at highlighting the activities of the Center and ways to consolidate the efforts of InvestUkraine and the regions. During the presentations some typical mistakes of regional information resources were considered and issues about financial and economic evaluation of investment projects, preparation of industrial areas and zones, analyzed strategic investment priorities, marketing of territories as well as investment attraction in connection with EURO-2012 were discussed. The main achievement of the seminars one can consider is the acquaintance of the specialists, the establishment of business contacts and initiating a new work scheme where InvestUkraine is assigned a brand new role — to help Ukraine gain a better position in the competition for an overseas investor.

There is a tradition to hold international investment forums in the biggest Ukrainian cities. For example, Lviv International Economic Forum has been held for the eighth time. Similar events are annually held in Kyiv, Donetsk, Sumy and Yalta.

mong the cities, traditionally holding international investment forums is now Kharkiv. With the assistance of Kharkiv City Council and the Consulate of the Republic of Austria in Kharkiv, InvestUkraine organized theoretical and practical seminar “Investments in Ukraine: the present and the vistas” held December 10-11th 2008. InvestUkraine invited to participate in the seminar over ten foreign delegations from such countries as Great Britain, Indonesia, Poland, Austria, and Slovenia. Of the CIS countries representatives of the diplomatic missions of Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan were present at the seminar. As hosts, InvestUkraine specialists raised the question of the development of bilateral relations with the member-countries and made a succession of presentations aimed at highlighting InvestUkraine’s activities and possible ways of cooperation with overseas partners. The program of the seminar featured discussions of a wide spectrum of theoretical issues and exchange of practical experience in investment activities in Ukraine. Similar agencies to InvestUkraine from Poland and Slovenia shared their experiences in attracting overseas investments. It is worth mentioning that the level of work of investment attraction agencies in these countries is rather high, they differ in their institutional and management structure, level of authority and budgets. For example, the Slovenian investment attraction agency SARIO has its representative offices in over ten countries as compared to the single office of InvestUkraine Center in Kyiv. One of the representatives of foreign business organizations working for our center Jaina Mayanka (India) talked about the obstacles he faced when starting his business in Ukraine. The Indonesian representatives Pindah Sunarto and Arif Bahtiyar pointed out the necessity to promote relations between countries in particular and business circles in general. Ukraine and Indonesia have already signed the Memo-

randum of Cooperation in the Economic Sector. The following agreements were reached: of simplified double taxation, cooperation in investment and bank areas and peaceful space development. Economic cooperation in other areas was also realized. Indonesia has purchased KRAZ trucks produced by Kremenchug Car Factory. In cooperation with an Indonesian company a palm oil refinery has been built in Odessa.

ide possibilities for cooperation have been opened up between Kharkiv region and Central Asia, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in particular. Within the framework of the existing agreements local authority representatives carried out negotiations with the trade and economic advisor of the Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Ukraine Batyr Yusupov resulting in the planned extension of cooperation in supplies of agricultural machinery produced by Kharkiv Tractor Plant to Uzbekistan. During talks with the advisor of the trade and economic mission of the Republic of Tajikistan in Ukraine Nazurlo Isoyev there were set forth new prospects of cooperation between Kyiv and Dushanbe in the energy sector. The parties discussed delivery of Ukrainian turbine equipment to Rogun and Nurek Hydropowerplant. Following the seminars held by the Center for the regions the principle objective was achieved: there were specified the key areas of cooperation between the regions and overseas investors. In this agreement InvestUkraine is assigned the role of liaison, information and analytic center and a data base of investment needs of investors and investment offers of the regions, which will enable them to quickly and more efficiently find each other. The seminar proved surprisingly successful and effective in practice, which is a pre-requisite for the continuation and improvement of similar activities. The main objective of InvestUkraine and the regions is attraction of overseas investors to Ukraine, improvement of its investment climate and, accordingly, increase the amount of overseas investments in Ukraine to secure its steady economic development. Prepared by Ukrainian overseas investment promotion center

ÀÍÀË²ÒÈÊÀ ANALYTICS

Ó ÑÂ²Ò² ÍÅÌÀª ÀÊÒÓÀËÜÍ²ØÎ¯ ÒÅÌÈ, Í²Æ ÃËÎÁÀËÜÍÀ Ô²ÍÀÍÑÎÂÎÅÊÎÍÎÌ²×ÍÀ ÊÐÈÇÀ

Ùå á ïàê! Ç ìîìåíòó éîãî çàðîäæåííÿ ³ ïî ñüîãîäí³øí³é äåíü ñâ³òîâèé ðèíîê âòðàòèâ àñòðîíîì³÷íó ñóìó, ÿêà ïåðåâèùóº 30 òðëí äîë. ÑØÀ. Äîëàðîâà ìèëüíà áóëüêà íå âèòðèìàëà âèïðîáóâàííÿ êðèçîþ ³ ëóñíóëà, ïîïðè òå, ùî íà ïîäîëàííÿ êðèçè Ñïîëó÷åí³ Øòàòè âæå âèòðàòèëè á³ëüøå 4 òðëí äîë. ÑØÀ. ² ðåçóëüòàò ö³º¿ ã³ãàíòñüêî¿ ô³íàíñîâî¿ îïåðàö³¿ ïîêè íå ìàâ æîäíîãî ïîçèòèâíîãî âïëèâó íà ñâ³òîâó åêîíîì³êó.

Цунамі на ім’я Криза Êðèçîâå öóíàì³, ùî çàðîäèëîñÿ ó ÑØÀ, ïðîéøëîñÿ âæå âñ³ìà êîíòèíåíòàìè. Ñèëó éîãî âåëè÷åçíèõ õâèëü â³ä÷óëè âñ³ áåç âèíÿòêó äåðæàâè. Ïåðåïàëî â³ä öóíàì³ é Óêðà¿í³. «Ùî äåíü ïðèéäåøí³é íàì ãîòóº?» — öå ïèòàííÿ íåïîêî¿òü íèí³ êîæíîãî ãðîìàäÿíèíà. Òîìó ùî ïîä³ëÿºòüñÿ âîíî íà äåê³ëüêà äð³áí³øèõ, àëå äóæå áîëþ÷èõ ïèòàíü: ùî áóäå ³ç çàîùàäæåííÿìè; ÷è âäàñòüñÿ âèâ÷èòè ä³òåé; ÷è âèñòà÷èòü êîøò³â, ÿêùî, áîðîíü Áîæå, ïîõèòíåòüñÿ çäîðîâ’ÿ? Öå ëèøå ò³, ùî, îáðàçíî êàæó÷è, ëåæàòü íà ïîâåðõí³. Íàñïðàâä³, ãîñòðèõ ³ áîëþ÷èõ ïèòàíü, â³ä âèð³øåííÿ ÿêèõ çàëåæèòü óïåâíåí³ñòü êîæíîãî ç íàñ ó çàâòðàøíüîìó äí³, íàáàãàòî á³ëüøå.

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Çà òàêèõ íåïðîñòèõ îáñòàâèí êîæåí ³ç ðîçâàæëèâèõ ãðîìàäÿí íàìàãàºòüñÿ âðÿòóâàòè òå, ùî éîìó âäàëîñÿ íàêîïè÷èòè çà ðîêè æèòòÿ. Ëþäè, ÿêèì âòðà÷àòè í³÷îãî, îáðàëè ³íøó, ÿê íà íèõ, á³ëüø âèãðàøíó â äàíèé ìîìåíò òàêòèêó: íåõàé óñå éäå, ÿê ³äå, à ÿ ìåòóøèòèñÿ íå áóäó. Ñòîñîâíî ³ ïåðøèõ, ³ äðóãèõ Ì.Þ.Ëåðìîíòîâ ÿêîñü ñêàçàâ: «Ó ïðèðîä³ ïðîòèëåæí³ ïðè÷èíè ÷àñòî ïðèçâîäÿòü äî îäíàêîâî¿ ä³¿; ê³íü îäíàêîâî ïàäàº íà íîãè â³ä çàñòîþ ³ â³ä íàäì³ðíî¿ ¿çäè». Äóìêà, ùî é êàçàòè, âåëüìè ö³êàâà ³, ùî íå ìåíø âàæëèâî, äóæå àêòóàëüíà ó íàø ÷àñ, ïîïðè òå, ùî íàðîäèëàñÿ âîíà â ãîëîâ³ âåëèêîãî ïîåòà ùå íà ïî÷àòêó XIX-ãî ñòîð³÷÷ÿ.

IN THESE TIMES THE PROBLEM OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISIS IS MOST URGENT The world market lost an astronomic sum which exceeds $30,000bn since the moment it began. The dollar bubble couldn’t stand the pressure of the crisis and split apart and the USA has already spent over $4,000bn to overcome it, but without significant result on the world economic stage.

Þð³é ÙÅÐÁÀÊ, ïðåçèäåíò ²íñòèòóòó ñò³éêîãî ðîçâèòêó Óêðà¿íè, êîëèøí³é ïîñîë Óêðà¿íè â ÑØÀ: — Íåçâàæàþ÷è íà ïîâåðíåííÿ ñîö³àë³ñòè÷íèõ ìåòîä³â ôàêòè÷íî¿ íàö³îíàë³çàö³¿ áàíê³â ³ ñòðàõîâèõ êîìïàí³é, í³õòî íå çíàº í³ ãëèáèíè êðèçè, í³ ¿¿ äèíàì³êè, í³ ¿¿ ìîæëèâèõ ãåîïîë³òè÷íèõ ³ ñîö³àëüíèõ íàñë³äê³â. Öå äóæå òàºìíè÷à êðèçà. Öå ìåí³ íàãàäóº ³ñòîð³þ ç³ ñëîíîì, êîëè ê³ëüêà ëþäåé ³ç çàâ’ÿçàíèìè î÷èìà ìàöàëè òâàðèíó ç óñ³õ áîê³â, àëå í³ÿê íå ìîãëè çðîçóì³òè: òàê ç êèì (àáî ç ÷èì) ¿ì äîâîäèòüñÿ ìàòè ñïðàâó? Ïîêè æ íàì â³äîìî ò³ëüêè îäíå: öÿ êðèçà ï³äâåëà ðèñêó ï³ä ³ñíóâàííÿì ñòàðî¿ ï³ñëÿâîºííî¿ ô³íàíñîâî¿ ñèñòåìè. Öÿ êðèçà äîâåëà ïîìèëêîâ³ñòü ïîñòóëàò³â ðåéãàíîì³êè. Ìîæëèâî, öÿ êðèçà îçíà÷àº ñìåðòü ñóñï³ëüñòâà ñïîæèâàöòâà — â éîãî ñó÷àñíîìó ãëàìóðíîìó âàð³àíò³. Áàãàòüîì âæå ñòàëî çðîçóì³ëî: ó òîìó âèãëÿä³, â ÿêîìó íàø ñâ³ò ³ñíóâàâ äîíåäàâíà, íàâðÿä ÷è ìîæå áóòè çàáåçïå÷åíèé ðîçâèòîê ëþäñòâà. Ùîá ì³í³ì³çóâàòè íàñë³äêè ñâ³òîâî¿ ô³íàíñîâî¿ êðèçè äëÿ Óêðà¿íè, ïîòð³áíî îðãàí³çóâàòè ìîçêîâèé øòóðì ó÷åíèõ, åêîíîì³ñò³â, ïîë³òèê³â ³ ïåðåñ³÷íèõ ãðîìàäÿí. Äóæå õîò³ëîñÿ á, ùîáè ç âèñîòè ìàêðîåêîíîì³÷íèõ ñõåì ìè çìîãëè çàçèðíóòè â ãëèáèíè íàñòðî¿â ³ íàì³ð³â òàê çâàíèõ ìàëåíüêèõ óêðà¿íö³â, ó ¿õí³ êèøåí³. Äóæå âàæëèâî ïîäóìàòè ³ çðîçóì³òè, ÷èì íàñïðàâä³ ìîæå îáåðíóòèñÿ êðèçà äëÿ êîæíîãî ç ÷ëåí³â íàøîãî ñóñï³ëüñòâà. Àëå öå — ïèòàííÿ íå îäíîãî äíÿ.

A crisis called ‘the Tsunami’ This ‘tsunami’, which started in the USA, has swept across all continents. All countries have felt its power and none have escaped its effects. Ukraine, in particular, has suffered terribly from its effects. ‘What should we expect in the coming days?’ This is the question which hangs on the tips of our tongues since it follows on the heels of some smaller but equally important questions, such as ‘What will happen with our savings?’, ‘Will we be able to give our children an education?’ and ‘Will we have enough money if something happens with our health?’ These are just some of the questions which are visible on the faces of the population. In fact there are many more critical and urgent questions which need to be addressed in order to ensure our future security. In such a difficult situation every reasonable person tries to save the things that he has accumulated during his life. And others have chosen another path which they think is much better; let everything go as it will since they have nothing to lose. Lermontov has advice for both types ‘Contrary actions often lead to the same result; a horse always falls on his face both from standing for a long time and excessive riding.’ This thought is really interesting and actual in our time, even if it was voiced by a great poet at the beginning of the 19th century. Óò³ì íèí³ âæå çðîçóì³ëî ³íøå: êðèçîâó ñèòóàö³þ â Óêðà¿í³, ÿêà íå º ³çîëüîâàíèì îñòðîâîì ó ñâ³òîâ³é åêîíîì³ö³, ïîñèëþº ôàêòè÷íèé ðîçïàä äåðæàâíî¿ âëàäè, çãóáíå ïðîòèñòîÿííÿ êëàíîâî-åêîíîì³÷íèõ ³ ïîë³òè÷íèõ ãðóï íà ïðîòèâàãó íàö³îíàëüíèì ³íòåðåñàì øèðîêèõ ïðîøàðê³â íàøîãî ñóñï³ëüñòâà. Äîëÿ Óêðà¿íè ³íêîëè íàãàäóº äîëþ êîðàáëÿ, çàõîïëåíîãî ï³ðàòàìè Ñîìàë³, ÿê³ äî ëàäó íå ðîçóì³þòü í³ ö³ííîñò³ ñóäíà, í³ òîãî, ùî ç íèì ðîáèòè äàë³, à äóìàþòü ëèøå ïðî çäîáè÷.

Yuri SHERBAK, the president of the Institute for the Stable development of Ukraine, a former ambassador of Ukraine in the USA says: ‘Nobody is aware of the depth of the crisis, its dynamics and possible geopolitical and social effects, even though the socialistic methods of nationalizing the banks and insurance companies have returned. It is a very secretive crisis. It reminds me of the story of the elephant, where a few blind people touched an animal from many sides, yet they still couldn’t understand what they were touching.’ Now we know only one thing, this crisis has put an end to the antiquated post war financial system and has proved that the postulates of Reaganomics are mistaken. Maybe this crisis means the death of the Society of Consumers in its present glamorous form. Many people have already understood that the population could hardly develop under the previous conditions. We should

organize a brain pool of scientists, economists, politicians and members of the general public to minimize the consequences of the world financial crisis on Ukraine. We have a great desire to look into the depths of the thoughts and intentions of so called small people and into their pockets from the heights of the macroeconomic scheme. It’s very important that we understand in which way the crisis can end for every member of our society. But this is a question that won’t be answered in a day. We can already understand that the crisis in Ukraine, which is not isolated from the world economy, is intensified or strengthened by the actual break up of the State Power. The suicidal or self destructive confrontation of the economic and political groups is contrary to the national interests of large layers of our society. The fate of Ukraine therefore is like a ship attacked by the pirates of Somalia who don’t even know the value of the ship or what to do with it, they think only about plunder and quick profit.’

ÀÍÀË²ÒÈÊÀ ANALYTICS

Øòåôàí ÕÐÎÁÎÒ, äèðåêòîð ðåã³îíàëüíîãî ïðåäñòàâíèöòâà Ôîíäó ³ì. Ôð³äð³õà Åáåðòà â Óêðà¿í³, Á³ëîðóñ³ òà Ìîëäîâ³: — Åêîíîì³êà Óêðà¿íè âæå äàâíî ³íòåãðîâàíà ó ñâ³òîâó åêîíîì³êó, âîíà º îäí³ºþ ç ¿¿ ëàíîê. Â óìîâàõ åêîíîì³÷íîãî ñïàäó êðèçà ïîë³òè÷íî¿ ñèñòåìè Óêðà¿íè ò³ëüêè ïîñèëþº òèñê íåãàòèâíèõ åêîíîì³÷íèõ ÿâèù íà ïåðåñ³÷íèõ ãðîìàäÿí.

‘The economy of Ukraine has been integrated into the world economy for a long time. In the time of economic recession the crisis of the political system of Ukraine only intensifies the pressure of negative economical effects on the citizens. The situation of Elite

conflict also negatively influences the crisis in Ukraine. This struggling only strengthens a difficult situation; and it impacts negatively on the banking and credit systems of Ukraine. The elite of Ukraine should understand that it’s very important to find a political compromise while the world crisis continues to grow. It would be good for both the country and the population.’

â³äêèäàþòüñÿ ò³ êîìïîíåíòè, ÿê³ ðàí³øå ñëóæèëè ñïðàâíî. Òàê, öÿ êðèçà óí³êàëüíà. Àëå äëÿ ñâ³òó é Óêðà¿íè âîíà óí³êàëüíà ïî-ð³çíîìó. Ó ñâ³ò³, îáðàçíî êàæó÷è, äàíà êðèçà — öå ïðîñòî ñâ³òîâà ô³íàíñîâà ï³ðàì³äà, ùî ëóñíóëà. À äëÿ Óêðà¿íè óí³êàëüí³ñòü êðèçè ïîëÿãàº â òîìó, ùî öå ïåðøà öèêë³÷íà êðèçà ó ðèíêîâ³é åêîíîì³ö³ íàøî¿ äåðæàâè.

Íå âàðòî çàáóâàòè ³ òîãî, ùî â åêîíîì³ö³ Óêðà¿íè ñüîãîäí³ âæå ïåðåâàæàº ïðèâàòíèé êàï³òàë. ßê ó âèðîáíè÷³é, òàê ³ â íåâèðîáíè÷³é ñôåðàõ. ² â öüîìó ñåíñ³ â³í äëÿ íàñ íå ò³ëüêè óí³êàëüíèé, àëå é ïîâ÷àëüíèé. Â³í ïðåöåäåíòíèé. ² â ïàì’ÿò³ íàðîäó, ïîçà ñóìí³âîì. Íå ò³ëüêè ó íåãàòèâíîìó ïëàí³, àëå ³ â ïîâ÷àëüíîìó. Êðèçà íàâ÷èòü íàñ, ÿê ñë³ä ïîâîäèòèñÿ, ÿê ñë³ä æèòè. Âðàõóºìî òàêîæ, ùî êîæíà ëþäèíà â óìîâàõ ðèíêîâî¿ åêîíîì³êè çìóøåíà â ðîáî÷îìó ïåð³îä³ ïåðåæèòè òðè-÷îòèðè òàê³ õâèë³. Òîáòî, ïåðåáóâàþ÷è ó ãàðíîìó ñòàí³, âè íå ïîâèíí³ çàáóâàòè é ïðî òå, ùî â ïåðñïåêòèâ³ ìîæóòü áóòè ³ íå íàéêðàù³ ïåð³îäè. Òîæ ³ åë³òè, ³ ïåðåñ³÷í³ ãðîìàäÿíè ïîâèíí³ öå âðàõîâóâàòè. Íå çàáóâàéìî: òàê, ìè ïåðåæèâàºìî êðèçó, àëå íå êàòàñòðîôó. Òîìó íå âàðòî ïîñèïàòè ãîëîâó ïîïåëîì. Òðåáà ïðàöþâàòè! ßê öå ïîñò³éíî ðîáëÿòü ëþäè, ÿê³ äóìàþòü ïðî ïåðñïåêòèâó. ß á õîò³â, ùîá çà òàêèõ íåïðîñòèõ îáñòàâèí óðÿä Óêðà¿íè ïîâîäèâñÿ òàê ñàìî.

ance of the economy of outdated and ineffective components. In the context of previous patterns, we can say that this particular crisis is unusual because the components, which worked well before are torn away now. This crisis is unique for sure, but there is a difference in its uniqueness for Ukraine and the rest of the world. This crisis for the world is like a financial pyramid, which crashed. And the uniqueness for Ukraine lies in the fact that this is the first cyclic crisis in the market economy of our country. We shouldn’t also forget about the fact that nowadays private capital dominates in the economy of Ukraine, both in productive and nonproductive spheres. And in this regard it is not only unique for us but also

edifying, as well as creating a precedent, not only from the negative side, but also educational. This crisis will teach us how to behave and live. We should also mention that every person has to go through three or four waves of the crises while working in conditions of the market economy. Which means that, if you are doing well now you shouldn’t forget that poor times can also still come. And both elite and ordinary citizens must take it into account. And don’t forget that we are going through a crisis, but not a catastrophe. We need to work, as people usually do who think about their prospects. I would like the government of Ukraine behave in the same way in these difficult conditions!

Stefan HROBOT, the director of the regional office of the Freidrich Ebert Fund in Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova says:

Îëåêñàíäð ÏÀÑÕÀÂÅÐ, ïðåçèäåíò Öåíòðó åêîíîì³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó: — Ëþäÿì âëàñòèâî ïåðåæèâàííÿ ñïðèéìàòè ÿê óí³êàëüí³ é ïðîñëàâëÿòè ¿õ. Öå ñòîñóºòüñÿ ³ ëþáîâ³, ³ ñòðàõó, ³ áóäü-÷îãî. ² ìåí³ çäàºòüñÿ, ùî ³ â ïðåñ³, ³ â òèõ îáãîâîðåííÿõ, ó ÿêèõ ÿ áåðó ó÷àñòü, äåùî ïåðåá³ëüøóºòüñÿ óí³êàëüí³ñòü ö³º¿ êðèçè. Âæå â ñàìîìó ñëîâ³ «êðèçà» º ÿêàñü ïåð³îäè÷í³ñòü. Öå äîñèòü øèðîêî âæèâàíå ñëîâî, ùî ñòîñîâíî åêîíîì³êè é ô³íàíñ³â îçíà÷àº â³äòîðãíåííÿ òèõ êîìïîíåíò³â, ùî çàñòàð³ëè ³ íå º åôåêòèâíèìè. Åêîíîì³êà öå ðîáèòü ïåð³îäè÷íî. ² òå, ùî ìè ïåðåæèâàºìî, ï³ä äàíå âèçíà÷åííÿ ï³äõîäèòü. Êðèçà — öå ïåð³îäè÷íå î÷èùåííÿ åêîíîì³êè â³ä çàñòàð³ëèõ ³ íååôåêòèâíèõ ¿¿ êîìïîíåíò³â. Ó ðàìêàõ öèêë³÷íîñò³ ïðîöåñó ìîæíà ãîâîðèòè, ùî öÿ êðèçà íåçâè÷àéíà ïðîñòî òîìó, ùî Alexandr PASHAVER, the president of the centre for economical development says: ‘It is natural for people to see their own troubles as unique and to voice them. It concerns love, fear and whatever else one likes to call it. I think that in both the press and discussions in which I take part people overstate or exaggerate the uniqueness of this crisis. Even the word crisis has some periodicity in it. It is rather widely used word and in the economical and financial sense it means economics, the tearing away of those components, which are outdated and ineffective. Economics does this periodically. The present situation doesn’t go with this determination. A crisis is a periodical clear-

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Íåãàòèâíî íà Óêðà¿íó òàêîæ âïëèâàº êîíôë³êò åë³ò, ÿê³ âåäóòü âèñíàæëèâó ïîë³òè÷íó áîðîòüáó îäíà ç îäíîþ. Öÿ áîðîòüáà ò³ëüêè ïîñèëþº ³ òàê íåïðîñòó åêîíîì³÷íó ñèòóàö³þ; âîíà íåãàòèâíî ïîçíà÷àºòüñÿ íà áàíê³âñüê³é ³ êðåäèòí³é ñèñòåìàõ Óêðà¿íè. Äóæå âàæëèâî, ùîá óêðà¿íñüêà åë³òà çðîçóì³ëà: â óìîâàõ ïîñèëåííÿ ñâ³òîâî¿ êðèçè íåîáõ³äíî çíàéòè ïîë³òè÷íèé êîìïðîì³ñ. Öå áóäå êîðèñíî ³ äåðæàâ³, ³ êîæíîìó çâè÷àéíîìó ãðîìàäÿíèíîâ³ Óêðà¿íè.

Îêñàíà ÏÐÎÄÀÍ, ãîëîâà Ðàäè ï³äïðèºìö³â ïðè Êàá³íåò³ Ì³í³ñòð³â Óêðà¿íè: — Ãîâîð³ìî â³äâåðòî: ó ñìóãó êðèçè Óêðà¿íà óêëèíèëàñÿ íà ï³êó ñïîæèâ÷èõ íàñòðî¿â ïåðåñ³÷íèõ ãðîìàäÿí. Ñàìå íåïðîäóìàí³ ä³¿ âëàäè çîð³ºíòóâàëè íàøèõ ñï³ââ³ò÷èçíèê³â: êóïóéòå, áåð³òü êðåäèòè, âñå ÿêîñü îá³éäåòüñÿ... Íå îá³éøëîñÿ. Ãð³ì óäàðèâ... Ñïîæèâ÷³ íàñòðî¿ óêðà¿íö³â ðîç³ãð³âàëèñÿ ïîïóë³ñòñüêèìè ãàñëàìè ó÷àñíèê³â âèáîð÷èõ êàìïàí³é ïðî çàãàëüíå áëàãîäåíñòâî, ÿêùî ¿õíÿ ïàðò³ÿ àáî áëîê ñòàíå äî êåðìà êðà¿íè. Ó öüîìó ïëàí³ âåëüìè ïîêàçîâ³ äàí³ ñîö³îëîã³÷íîãî îïèòóâàííÿ, ïðîâåäåíîãî ²íñòèòóòîì ñîö³îëîã³÷íèõ äîñë³äæåíü. Âîíî ïîêàçàëî, ùî ò³ëüêè 16% ëþäåé ãîòîâ³ â³äïîâ³äàòè çà ñåáå ³ çà ñâ³é ðîçâèòîê. Á³ëüø³ñòü æå óêðà¿íö³â «ïî-ñòàðîìó» âñå ùå ñïîä³âàþòüñÿ íà òå, ùî ó ñêðóòíó õâèëèíó ¿ì îáîâ’ÿçêîâî äîïîìîæå ð³äíà äåðæàâà. Oksana PRODAN, the head of the entrepreneurs’ council attached to the Cabinet Ministry of Ukraine says: ‘Let’s talk openly: Ukraine joined the crisis on the peak of the consumers’ need of the citizens. The unreasonable actions of our government gave our compatriots guidance to buy stuff and take credits, telling that it would all work out somehow. But it didn’t… The consumer needs of Ukrainians were only warmed up by the populist slogans of the members of the electoral campaigns about the prosperity of the whole country if their party or block would come to the government. In this case the results of the social opinion poll would be very demonstrative. It shows

Äóæå âàæëèâî îö³íèòè ðåàëüí³ ìàñøòàáè êðèçè äëÿ Óêðà¿íè, ¿¿ ðåàëüíó, à íå ã³ïîòåòè÷íó òðèâàë³ñòü. Çà ïðîãíîçàìè åêñïåðò³â, ïîãëèáëåííÿ êðèçè òðèâàòèìå, øâèäøå çà âñå, äî ëþòîãî 2009 ðîêó. Äóæå ñïîä³âàþñÿ, ùî ñàìå òîä³ íàñòàíå ðåöåñ³ÿ. ß ïåðåêîíàíà, ùî ³ ïîë³òèêàì, ³ ïðåäñòàâíèêàì ÇÌ² ïîòð³áíî çì³íèòè òðàã³÷íó òîíàëüí³ñòü â ³íôîðìóâàíí³ íàñåëåííÿ ïðî ìàñøòàáè êðèçè íà á³ëüø çâàæåíó, ñïîê³éíó, ðàö³îíàëüíó. Íåãàòèâí³ ³ íå çàâæäè äî ê³íöÿ ïðîäóìàí³ çàÿâè êåð³âíèê³â äåðæàâè ïðî ðîçì³ð öüîãî ñîö³àëüíîãî ÿâèùà ò³ëüêè ï³ä³ãð³âàþòü ïàí³÷í³ íàñòðî¿ ó ñóñï³ëüñòâ³. Òóò ñë³ä îð³ºíòóâàòèñÿ íà äîñâ³ä Ðîñ³¿. Íàñê³ëüêè ìåí³ â³äîìî, ó ö³é êðà¿í³ ïðî êðèçó ç åêðàí³â çàãàëüíîíàö³îíàëüíèõ êàíàë³â âçàãàë³ çàáîðîíåíî ãîâîðèòè. Òîìó ùî íåãàòèâí³ çàÿâè ãðîìàäñüêèõ ä³ÿ÷³â ³ç öüîãî ïðèâîäó íåãàòèâíî âïëèâàþòü íà íàñòð³é ãðîìàäÿí. ² ùå. Äî âèð³øåííÿ êðèçîâèõ ïðîáëåì äåðæàâà ïîâèííà ìàêñèìàëüíî çàëó÷àòè ìîëîäèõ ï³äïðèºìö³â. Öå âàæëèâî, àäæå äó-

æå ñêîðî ñàìå ¿ì äîâåäåòüñÿ äîëàòè ÷åðãîâó íåìèíó÷ó êðèçó. Ìîëîäèì á³çíåñìåíàì âæå ñüîãîäí³ ïîòð³áíî ïðîéòè ãàðò ö³ºþ êðèçîþ. Òàê ¿ì ëåãøå áóäå áîðîòèñÿ ç êðèçîâèìè ÿâèùàìè â åêîíîì³ö³ ó íåäàëåêîìó ìàéáóòíüîìó.

that only 16% of the public are ready to be responsible for themselves and their development, while the most of Ukrainians are still hoping that their government would help them in a difficult period. It is very important to estimate the real scope of the crisis for Ukraine, its real, but not a hypothetical continuance. According to the experts’ forecasts, an intensification of the crisis will continue till February 2009. I hope that this is the time for the recession to start. I am sure that both politicians and journalists (SMI representatives) should change the tragic tonality of the information given to the public about the scope of the crisis, to something more composed and efficient.

The negative and not always well thoughtout announcements of the leaders of the government about the scopes of this social effect only excite panic moods in society. In this case, we should orient ourselves on the experience of Russia. As far as I know, national channels are forbidden to talk about the crisis there, because the negative announcements of public figures influence public mood. And one more thing, the government has to involve young entrepreneurs in solving the problems connected with the crisis. It is very important because there will come a time when they have to overcome the next crisis, that is why they have to be hardened by this one to be ready in the future.

Çà ìàòåð³àëàìè ²íòåðÌåä³à êîíñàëòèíãó ï³äãîòóâàâ Ñåðã³é ËÞÁ×ÅÍÊÎ

Êîëàæ Íàòàë³¿ ÐÓÄÎÌÅÒÎÂÎ¯.

Ì²ÆÍÀÐÎÄÍÅ ÑÏ²ÂÐÎÁ²ÒÍÈÖÒÂÎ

INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION

Така приваблива і загадкова Мальта... Ä³ñòàòèñÿ äî Ìàëüò³éñüêèõ îñòðîâ³â ñòàëî ìîæëèâèì, ò³ëüêè-íî ëþäè íàâ÷èëèñÿ áóäóâàòè ÷îâíè. Íåñêëàäíî óÿâèòè åìîö³¿ ëþäåé, ÿê³ âïåðøå ïîáà÷èëè öþ íàäçâè÷àéíó, íåçåìíó êðàñó. Ïîáà÷åíå í³êîãî íå çàëèøèëî áàéäóæèì. Òàê ïîñòóïîâî ïî÷àëà çàñåëÿòèñÿ Ìàëüòà — ïåðëèíà Öåíòðàëüíîãî Ñåðåäçåìíîìîð’ÿ. Â³äòîä³ ìèíóëî ÷èìàëî ÷àñó (íàéäðåâí³ø³ àðõåîëîã³÷í³ çíàõ³äêè äàòóþòüñÿ ïðèáëèçíî 5 000 ðîê³â äî íàøî¿ åðè). Ñó÷àñíà Ìàëüòà — öå ñïðàâæíÿ òóðèñòè÷íà Ìåêêà. Öå êðà¿íà, ùî óñï³øíî ðîçâèâàºòüñÿ, êðà¿íà ç ãëèáîêèìè êóëüòóðíèìè òðàäèö³ÿìè é êîð³ííÿì. Â åêîíîì³ö³ äîì³íóþòü òîðã³âëÿ é ñóäíîáóäóâàííÿ. Ìàëüòà — ÷ëåí Îðãàí³çàö³¿ Îá’ºäíàíèõ Íàö³é, Áðèòàíñüêî¿ Ñï³âäðóæíîñò³ òà íèçêè ³íøèõ ì³æíàðîäíèõ îðãàí³çàö³é. Ó òðàâí³ 2004 ðîêó êðà¿íà ñòàëà ïîâíîïðàâíèì ÷ëåíîì ªâðîñîþçó. Ïðî ñòîñóíêè ì³æ íàøèìè êðà¿íàìè ðîçïîâ³äàº Ïî÷åñíèé êîíñóë Óêðà¿íè íà Ìàëüò³ ïàí Äæîí ÄÅÁÎÍÎ. — Ïàíå Äåáîíî, ðîçêàæ³òü, áóäü ëàñêà, ïðî Âàø³ îáîâ’ÿçêè Ïî÷åñíîãî êîíñóëà Óêðà¿íè íà Ìàëüò³. — Ôóíêö³¿ ïî÷åñíîãî êîíñóëà äóæå â³äïîâ³äàëüí³ é ö³êàâ³. Íà Ìàëüò³ ÿ — ºäèíèé ïðåäñòàâíèê Óêðà¿íè. Çâ³òóþ ïðî ñâîþ ðîáîòó ïåðåä Óêðà¿íñüêèì ïîñîëüñòâîì ó Ðèì³, ÿêå â³äïîâ³äàº çà Ìàëüòó. Ìîÿ ä³ÿëüí³ñòü º äóæå ð³çíîìàí³òíîþ, à ïåðåäóñ³ì ñòîñóºòüñÿ âñåá³÷íî¿ ï³äòðèìêè óêðà¿íñüêèõ ãðîìàäÿí íà Ìàëüò³. Òàêîæ ìàþ àäì³í³ñòðàòèâí³ îáîâ’ÿçêè. Âîíè ñòîñóþòüñÿ íàëàãîäæåííÿ êîíòàêò³â ì³æ Óêðà¿íîþ òà Ìàëüòîþ, çîêðåìà, ñïðèÿííÿ ï³äïðèºìöÿì ³ êîìïàí³ÿì íàøèõ êðà¿í ó ïîøóêó øëÿõ³â äëÿ á³ëüø ò³ñíî¿ ñï³âïðàö³. Íà ö³é ïîñàä³ í³êîëè íå áóâàº ñïîê³éíî, îñê³ëüêè ìåí³ òàêîæ äîâîäèòüñÿ, çà óãîäîþ ÃÓÀÌ, òàê ñàìî ÿê ³ ãðîìàäÿíàì Óêðà¿íè, äîïîìàãàòè ï³ääàíèì Ãðóç³¿, Ìîëäîâè òà Àçåðáàéäæàíó. — Ó ÿêîìó íàïðÿìêó ðîçâèâàºòüñÿ ñï³âïðàöÿ ì³æ Ìàëüòîþ òà Óêðà¿íîþ? — Óêðà¿íà é Ìàëüòà ìàþòü áàãàòî òî÷îê äîòèêó ³ ñï³ëüíèõ ³íòåðåñ³â. Öå ³ òîðã³âëÿ, ³ êóëüòóðà, òóðèçì, íàâ³òü… ì³æíàðîäíà çëî÷èíí³ñòü. Âæå ê³ëüêà ðîê³â Ìàëüòà ïîñ³äàº îäíå ç ÷³ëüíèõ ì³ñöü íà óêðà¿íñüêîìó òóðèñòè÷íîìó ðèíêó. Äî ðå÷³, òóðèçì áóâ ïåðøèì êðîêîì íàçóñòð³÷ îäíå îäíîìó, ÿêèé äàâ ïðàâèëüíèé íàïðÿì ðîçâèòêîâ³ ñòîñóíê³â

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

ì³æ íàøèìè êðà¿íàìè. Àäæå êîëè ëþäè ïî÷èíàþòü ïîäîðîæóâàòè, ä³çíàþòüñÿ ïðî íîâ³ ì³ñöÿ, ³íøèõ ëþäåé, ç’ÿâëÿºòüñÿ âçàºìíèé ³íòåðåñ, âèíèêàþòü ö³êàâ³ á³çíåñîâ³ ³äå¿. Ìàëüòà äîâîë³ ïðèâàáëèâà äëÿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî á³çíåñó — º ÷ëåíîì ªâðîïåéñüêîãî Ñîþçó, ðîçòàøîâàíà â Ñåðåäçåìíîìó ìîð³ ³ íåïîäàë³ê â³ä Ï³âí³÷íî¿ Àôðèêè. Íàòîì³ñòü ÷èìàëî ìàëüò³éñüêèõ ï³äïðèºìö³â çàëó÷åíî äî ð³çíîìàí³òíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ â Óêðà¿í³. ² òàêà îáíàä³éëèâà òåíäåíö³ÿ çì³öíþºòüñÿ. — Âè â³ä÷óâàºòå ÿê³ñü ðåçóëüòàòè â³çèòó Ïðåçèäåíòà Ìàëüòè äî Óêðà¿íè? ßêùî òàê, òî ÿê³? — Â³çèò Ïðåçèäåíòà Ìàëüòè äî Êèºâà áóâ ï³äòâåðäæåííÿì äîáðèõ íàì³ð³â îáîõ íàøèõ êðà¿í. ß ñïðàâä³ â³ðþ â òå, ùî òàêà

ïîä³ÿ ñòàíå ùå îäí³ºþ ïðåêðàñíîþ íàãîäîþ äëÿ ïîãëèáëåííÿ âçàºìíèõ ñòîñóíê³â ì³æ Óêðà¿íîþ ³ Ìàëüòîþ. Íàøîãî Ïðåçèäåíòà ñóïðîâîäæóâàëà âåëèêà äåëåãàö³ÿ ìàëüò³éñüêèõ á³çíåñìåí³â, ³ ÿ ìàþ âåëèêó íàä³þ, ùî äåõòî ç íèõ âæå çíàéøîâ ñôåðó ñâî¿õ ³íòåðåñ³â. — ßêèì º æèòòÿ íà Ìàëüò³ ñüîãîäí³? ×è â³ä÷óëè ìàëüò³éö³ çì³íè ï³ñëÿ ïðèºäíàííÿ äî ªÑ? — Çâè÷àéíî, ç ìîìåíòó âñòóïó Ìàëüòè äî ªâðîïåéñüêîãî Ñîþçó íàøå æèòòÿ çì³íèëîñÿ, òàê ñàìî ÿê öå ñòàëîñÿ é ó áàãàòüîõ ³íøèõ êðà¿íàõ, ùî ïðèºäíàëèñÿ äî ªÑ. Íàøà åêîíîì³êà â³ä÷óâàº ïåâí³ òðóäíîù³, ÿê ³ á³ëüø³ñòü ñâ³òîâèõ åêîíîì³÷íèõ ñèñòåì, àëå, íà ùàñòÿ, ìàºìî äóæå

This mysterious and funny Malta… Not until people learned to build ships could they get to Maltese islands. It is not easy to describe the impression of the people who first saw this unusual and unearthly beauty. Nobody could be indifferent to it. So step by step the pearl of the Mediterranean Sea started to become inhabited. Since then a lot of time has past. (The first archaeological findings are dated 5000 A.D). Nowadays, Malta is the Mecca of the tourism world. This Country is developing successfully and has deep cultural traditions and roots. It dominates in trade and ship building as well. Malta is a member of the UN (United Nations), The Commonwealth and several other international organizations. It became the full-right member of the EC (European Community). Mr. John Debono, Honorary CONSUL for Ukraine to Malta, is in charge of our two countries’ relationships.

Could you please tell us something about your activities as Honorary Consul of Ukraine?

Äæîí Äåáîíî ç Ïîñëîì Óêðà¿íè â ²òàë³¿ ïàíîì Ãåîðã³ºì ×åðíÿâñüêèì ï³ä ÷àñ â³äêðèòòÿ ìåìîð³àëüíî¿ äîøêè ó öåðêâ³ Ñâÿòîãî Ïàâëà ç ïèñàííÿì Ñâÿòèõ àïîñòîë³â John Debono with the ambassador of Ukraine in Malta Mr. Georgii Chernyavskyi at the opening ceremony of memorial boards containing holy apostles’ writings at Saint Pavel Cathedral

ì³öíó áàíê³âñüêó ñèñòåìó, ÿêó, äî ðå÷³, íåùîäàâíî áóëî íàçâàíî ñåðåä äåñÿòè íàéíàä³éí³øèõ áàíê³âñüêèõ ñèñòåì ñâ³òó. Çàâäÿêè öüîìó ìè íå ìàºìî æîäíèõ åêîíîì³÷íèõ ôîðñ-ìàæîð³â àáî áàíêðóòñòâ. Õî÷à ïðèºäíàííÿ Ìàëüòè 2004 ðîêó äî ªâðîïåéñüêîãî Ñîþçó ³ 2008 ðîêó äî ªâðîçîíè äîäàëè äî æèòòÿ ïåðåñ³÷íèõ ãðîìàäÿí ïåâí³ íåçíàéîì³ äîòè àñïåêòè.

The activities of an Honorary Consul are very wide and colorful, especially for me being the only physical representative of Ukraine in the country. I report directly to the Ukrainian Embassy in Rome which is the Diplomatic post accredited to Malta. The activities are very diverse, but they are mainly concentrated to assisting Ukrainian nationals in Malta. This job unfortunately brings you very close to citizen’s problems such as arrests, court procedures, accidents and many other dull situations such as deaths. There is also the administrative side of it where one is expected to assist the smooth contact between the two countries and also assisting companies from both countries to find the best way to increase traffic between them. All in all you never have a quiet moment as I also have to adhere to the GUAM agreement whereby I am expected to assist nationals of Georgia, Moldova and Azerbaijan as much as I do to Ukrainians.

In what direction is the cooperation between Malta in Ukraine moving? Both countries share many common values. The two countries are continuously occupied with discussions, negotiations and finalization of many agreements with regards to different spheres such as double taxation, International crime, trade, culture, tourism and more. Malta has already managed to find its place on the tourism list of the Ukrainian market for some years now, and this is the first step that makes things move in the right direction. When people start traveling to a country and get to know the place and the people, other activities will follow naturally. Today there are quite a few Ukrainian business interests in Malta and being in the European Union and being in the Mediterranean Sea close to North Africa, Malta has become a more interesting platform for Ukrainian businesses to operate from. In return, there are quite a few Maltese entrepreneurs who are involved in different activities in Ukraine, and this is surely on the increase, especially taking into consideration the size and resources that Ukraine has to offer.

Ì²ÆÍÀÐÎÄÍÅ ÑÏ²ÂÐÎÁ²ÒÍÈÖÒÂÎ

Òàê, íàïðèêëàä, ìàëüò³éö³ âñå íàìàãàþòüñÿ çâèêíóòè äî òàêèõ äîñ³ íåçíàéîìèõ ðå÷åé, ÿê çàõèñò ïðàâ ñïîæèâà÷³â, ÷îãî ðàí³øå ïðàêòè÷íî íå áóëî. Àëå öå ïèòàííÿ ÷àñó. Ìàëåíüê³é îñòð³âí³é êðà¿í³ ãîä³ ÷åêàòè â³ä÷óòíèõ çì³í çà êîðîòêèé ïðîì³æîê ÷àñó, àëå äåÿê³ ðå÷³ âæå ñòàþòü î÷åâèäíèìè. Òàê³ ñåêòîðè, ÿê ôåðìåðñòâî, ñ³ëüñüêå ãîñïîäàðñòâî, ïðîìèñëîâ³ñòü â³äíîâëþþòüñÿ â³äïîâ³äíî äî ñòàíäàðò³â ªÑ. Àëå íàéá³ëüø î÷åâèäí³ çì³íè ó ñåêòîð³ ïåðåðîáêè â³äõîä³â, äå ðîçïîä³ë, ïåðåòâîðåííÿ òà âèêîðèñòàííÿ åíåðã³¿ ñòàþòü íîðìîþ ó ùîäåííîìó æèòò³. — Ìàëüòà êðà¿íà ç äóæå ðîçâèíåíîþ ³íäóñòð³ºþ òóðèçìó. Éîãî ùå íàçèâàþòü ñåðöåì åêîíîì³êè Âàøî¿ êðà¿íè. Òîæ, íà Âàøó äóìêó, ÷è áóäå ö³êàâî ìàëüò³éöÿì ïîäîðîæóâàòè Óêðà¿íîþ? — Ìàëüò³éö³, ÿê ³ áóäü-ÿê³ ³íø³ òóðèñòè, øóêàþòü â³äïîâ³äíîñò³ ì³æ ö³íîþ òà ÿê³ñòþ. ß ïåðåêîíàíèé, ùî Óêðà¿íà ìàº ïðàêòè÷íî âñå, ùî ìîæíà çíàéòè ó áóäüÿê³é ³íø³é êðà¿í³. Êè¿â — öå óí³êàëüíå ì³ñòî, à ç íåùîäàâí³ìè ³íâåñòèö³ÿìè äî ñôåðè ïîñëóã ñòàâ ùå ïðèâàáëèâ³øèì äëÿ òóðèñò³â. Ìåí³ â³äîìî, ùî ò³ëüêè-íî Óêðà¿íà â³äìîâèëàñÿ â³ä â’¿çíèõ â³ç äëÿ ãðîìàäÿí ªÑ, ÿê ìèòòºâî çð³ñ íàïëèâ ³íîçåìíèõ òóðèñò³â. Çà íàéñâ³æ³øîþ ³íôîðìàö³ºþ, òóðèñò³â ïðèâàáëþº ³ òå, ùî Óêðà¿íà — îäíà ç ðåñïóáë³ê êîëèøíüîãî Ðàäÿíñüêîãî Ñîþçó. Æèòåëÿì Çàõîäó é äîñ³ ö³êàâî ïîáà÷èòè òàê³ êðà¿íè. Õî÷ó çàçíà÷èòè, ùî êðàñà Óêðà¿íè íå îáìåæóºòüñÿ ëèøå Êèºâîì, ³ òóðèñòè áàæàþòü ïîäîðîæóâàòè â³ä ì³ñòà äî ì³ñòà, àëå, íå çíàþ÷è óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìîâè, âîíè ÷àñòî ïîòðàïëÿþòü ó ïðèãîäè, äî ÿêèõ çîâñ³ì íå ãîòîâ³. Ãàäàþ, ùî Óêðà¿íà ïîòðåáóº ïåâíèõ çì³í ó òóðèñòè÷í³é ãàëóç³, àáè çðîáèòè ïîäîðîæ³ âàøîþ êðà¿íîþ ïðèºìí³øèìè é ëåãøèìè äëÿ ïîòåíö³éíèõ òóðèñò³â. ²íòåðâ’þ ïðîâåëà Àëëà ÀËÈÌÎÂÀ

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION

Could you see any results from the visit of the President of Malta to Ukraine? If yes what kind of results? The Presidentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; visit to Kiev was a very positive message and confirmation of the good relations enjoyed between the two countries. One cannot expect results in a short period of time and I find it very difficult to try and pin point any results so soon. Still, I do believe that the visit itself has created a better opportunity for the people of both countries to explore what each territory has to offer. The President was accompanied by a strong Business delegation and I am very sure that some of them have already registered progress in their respective activity. How is life in Malta today? Did the Maltese people feel any difference after joining EU? Well, life in Malta as most of you might know is more laid back than in

most other countries. We have the most convenient gift of short distances, which in places like Ukraine take away many hours from peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives everyday just to travel to work and back, so there we cannot complain at all. The economy is going through some rough patches like most of the world economies, but, fortunately with our very sound banking system, which was recently placed in the top ten safest banking systems worldwide, we did not have any collapses or bankruptcies of any sort. Malta joining the European Union in 2004 and the Euro Zone in 2008 are still a fresh experience for everyone. People are still trying to get used to many things, even subjects such as consumer rights which before were not protected well. It is a matter of time, if not a generation to find the real differences. Being a small country and an Island, one cannot expect to change much in a short period of time, but some things are evident. Sectors like farming, agriculture and Industry are all going through over-

hauls so as to become compliant with EU standards, but the most evident change is taking place in the waste sector, where separation, recycling and energy generation from waste are becoming the norm in everyday life. Malta is a country where tourism is at heart, what do you think is interesting for Maltese to travel to Ukraine? The Maltese like any other tourist looks for many things but mostly value for money. Through my experience, Ukraine has a lot what to offer, as it practically has everything one can find in any other country. Kiev is an ideal city, and with the recent investment in accommodation services it is another reason why people should feel more interested to go there. I know for a fact that when Ukraine waived the entry visas for EU citizens, traffic increased immediately. People started to go there like they go to any other destination, and from the first hand information I get, the main interests have been football, hunting and mostly being a country from the ex Soviet Union. Westerners are still curious to see such countries as till 18 years ago they never knew what really existed there. I take this opportunity to state that the beauty of Ukraine is not in Kiev alone, but commuting from one city to another, especially not being able to speak the local language is an adventure that many people are not ready to go through, so there, I do see that some systems have to change to make internal travel easier for any potential tourist.

ÎÑÎÁÈÑÒ²ÑÒÜ PERSONALITY

27 ËÈÑÒÎÏÀÄÀ 2008 ÐÎÊÓ ÂÈÏÎÂÍÈËÎÑß 90 ÐÎÊ²Â Â²Ä ÄÍß ÍÀÐÎÄÆÅÍÍß ÏÐÅÇÈÄÅÍÒÀ ÍÀÖ²ÎÍÀËÜÍÎ¯ ÀÊÀÄÅÌ²¯ ÍÀÓÊ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ ÀÊÀÄÅÌ²ÊÀ ÁÎÐÈÑÀ ÏÀÒÎÍÀ

Людина-легенда Борис Патон 76

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Ìîæëèâî, çà ì³ñòè÷íîþ, à ñêîð³øå — çà íàóêîâîþ çàêîíîì³ðí³ñòþ Áîðèñ ªâãåíîâè÷, ÿêèé 46 ðîê³â ïîñï³ëü î÷îëþº Àêàäåì³þ íàóê Óêðà¿íè, íàðîäèâñÿ ç íåþ â îäèí äåíü — 27 ëèñòîïàäà. Ùîïðàâäà, âîíà íà ð³ê ñòàðøà çà ñëàâåòíîãî þâ³ëÿðà. Ì³ñòèêà? Çá³ã îáñòàâèí? Í³, òàêè — äîëÿ... Öüîãî äíÿ ïåðø³ îñîáè äåðæàâè, ïîë³òèêè, íàóêîâö³, ãðîìàäñüê³ é êóëüòóðí³ ä³ÿ÷³ Óêðà¿íè òà ³íøèõ êðà¿í âçÿëè ó÷àñòü â óðî÷èñòîìó ïðèéîì³, ÿêèé â³äáóâñÿ ç íàãîäè þâ³ëåþ â êîíôåðåíö-çàë³ Ïðåçèä³¿ Àêàäåì³¿ íàóê Óêðà¿íè. Óñ³ âîíè áàæàëè ñèâî÷îëîìó àêàäåì³êîâ³ ì³öíîãî çäîðîâ’ÿ, òâîð÷îãî íàòõíåííÿ íà íîâ³ íàóêîâ³ çâåðøåííÿ òà Áîæî¿ äîïîìîãè ó ñïðàâ³ ñëóæ³ííÿ íàðîäîâ³ Óêðà¿íè. Óò³ì, ÿê íà íàñ, Áîðèñîâ³ Ïàòîíó ñòàíäàðòí³ ïîáàæàííÿ ùàñòÿ, äîáðà, çäîðîâ’ÿ ³ äîáðîáóòó íå ãîäÿòüñÿ. Õî÷åòüñÿ ÷îãîñü íàäçâè÷àéíîãî. Àäæå Áîðèñ ªâãåíîâè÷ — ëþäèíà íå ëèøå ñâîº¿ åïîõè, à é ïîçà íåþ. Áîðèñ Ïàòîí — ëþäèíà-ëåãåíäà. Ïðîéäåíî âåëèêèé æèòòºâèé øëÿõ. Ï³ä êåð³âíèöòâîì Áîðèñà ªâãåíîâè÷à Óêðà¿íñüêà àêàäåì³ÿ íàóê ñòàëà îäí³ºþ ç íàéêðàùèõ ó ñâ³ò³, íàð³âí³ ³ç àêàäåì³ÿìè ïðîâ³äíèõ äåðæàâ ñâ³òó. Â³í ñôîðìóâàâ ì³öíó êîìàíäó íàóêîâö³â, ïîòóæíèé ïîòåíö³àë Óêðà¿íè. Öÿ ëþäèíà — îñòàíí³é òèòàí, ÿêèé óòðèìóº òàê³ ïîíÿòòÿ, ÿê Áàòüê³âùèíà, ÷åñòü, äðóæáà, â³ääàí³ñòü ïðàö³, ñïðàâæíÿ ³íòåë³ãåíòí³ñòü. Òàêîþ º êîðîòêà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà íàóêîâî¿ ³ âèðîáíè÷î¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ Áîðèñà ªâãåíîâè÷à Ïàòîíà: Ïðåçèäåíò Ì³æíàðîäíî¿ àñîö³àö³¿ àêàäåì³é íàóê (ç 1993); Ïðåçèäåíò Ðàäè Ïðåçèäåíò³â Íàö³îíàëüíèõ àêàäåì³é íàóê äåðæàâ-÷ëåí³â îðãàí³çàö³¿ ×îðíîìîðñüêîãî åêîíîì³÷íîãî ñï³âðîá³òíèöòâà (2002); Ãîëîâà Êîîðäèíàö³éíî¿ ðàäè Ì³æäåðæàâíî¿ íàóêîâî-òåõí³÷íî¿ ïðîãðàìè «Âèñîêîíàä³éíèé òðóáîïðîâ³äíèé òðàíñïîðò» (1991); Ãîëîâà Ì³æäåðæàâíî¿ íàóêîâî¿ ðàäè ç³ çâàðþâàííÿ ³ ñïîð³äíåíèõ òåõíîëîã³é (ÑÍÄ, 1992); ÷ëåí Ì³æäåðæàâíîãî êîì³òåòó ç íàóêîâî-òåõí³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó êðà¿í-ó÷àñíèöü ÑÍÄ (1996); ÷ëåí ïðàâë³ííÿ ãðîìàäñüêî¿ Ì³æíàðîäíî¿ ïàëèâíî-åíåðãåòè÷íî¿ àñîö³àö³¿ (1993); ÷ëåí Íàãëÿäîâî¿ ðàäè Ì³æíàðîäíîãî ôîíäó ÿäåðíî¿ áåçïåêè (Âåíà,1997); ñï³âãîëîâà Ðàäè äèðåêòîð³â àñîö³àö³¿ «Âèñîêîíàä³éíèé òðóáîïðîâ³äíèé òðàíñïîðò» (1998); ÷ëåí Íàóêîâî¿ ðàäè Àâñòðî-Óêðà¿íñüêîãî ³íñòèòóòó ç íàóêè ³ òåõí³êè (2006). Ïåðåë³ê íàóêîâèõ íàãîðîä ³ ïðåì³é þâ³ëÿðà ïðîñòî âðàæàº: ìåäàëü ³ì. Ñ.².Âàâèëîâà ÀÍ ÑÐÑÐ (1978); Çîëîòà ìåäàëü ³ì. Ì.Â.Ëîìîíîñîâà ÀÍ ÑÐÑÐ (1981); Çîëîòà ìåäàëü ³ì. Â.Ã.Øóõîâà Ñîþçó ³íæåíåðíèõ ³ íàóêîâî-òåõí³÷íèõ òîâàðèñòâ Ðîñ³¿ (1994); Âåëèêà ñð³áíà

ìåäàëü Ì³æíàðîäíî¿ ³íæåíåðíî¿ àêàäåì³¿ (Ðîñ³ÿ, 1998); Çîëîòà ìåäàëü ³ì. Ñ.Ï.Êîðîëüîâà Ïðåçèä³¿ ÐÀÍ (2003), à òàêîæ ³íø³ íàãîðîäè ³ â³äçíàêè íàóêîâèõ òîâàðèñòâ ³ îðãàí³çàö³é áàãàòüîõ êðà¿í ñâ³òó. Ñâîãî ÷àñó Áîðèñ ªâãåíîâè÷ îòðèìàâ Ñòàë³íñüêó (Äåðæàâíó) ïðåì³þ ÑÐÑÐ (1950); Ëåí³íñüêó ïðåì³þ (1957); Ïðåì³þ ³ì. Â.Âåðíàäñüêîãî (2000); Äåðæàâíó ïðåì³þ Óêðà¿íè (2004) òîùî. Âèêëèêàþòü çàõîïëåííÿ Äåðæàâí³ íàãîðîäè Áîðèñà ªâãåíîâè÷à. Â³í — Äâ³÷³ Ãåðîé Ñîö³àë³ñòè÷íî¿ Ïðàö³ (1969, 1978), Ãåðîé Óêðà¿íè (1998). Ìàº îðäåíè Ëåí³íà (1966, 1969, 1975, 1978); Òðóäîâîãî ×åðâîíîãî Ïðàïîðà (1943); Æîâòíåâî¿ Ðåâîëþö³¿ (1984); Äðóæáè íàðîä³â (1988); Êíÿçÿ ßðîñëàâà Ìóäðîãî V ñòóïåíÿ (1997) ³ IV ñòóïåíÿ (2003); Ïî÷åñíó â³äçíàêó Ïðåçèäåíòà Óêðà¿íè (1993), à òàêîæ íàãîðîäè Á³ëîðóñ³, Áîëãàð³¿, ÍÄÐ, Ãðóç³¿, ²òàë³¿, Êàçàõñòàíó, Êèðãèçñòàíó, Ëèòâè, Ðîñ³¿, ×åõîñëîâà÷÷èíè. 27 ëèñòîïàäà 2008 ðîêó Ïðåçèäåíò Óêðà¿íè Â³êòîð Þùåíêî ï³äïèñàâ Óêàç ïðî â³äçíà÷åííÿ Áîðèñà Ïàòîíà «çà íåâòîìíå ñëóæ³ííÿ â³ò÷èçíÿí³é íàóö³» îðäåíîì ßðîñëàâà Ìóäðîãî I ñòóïåíÿ. Ó äåíü óðî÷èñòîãî þâ³ëåþ Ïðåçèäåíò Ðîñ³¿ Äìèòðî Ìåäâåäºâ íàãîðîäèâ Ïðå-

çèäåíòà Íàö³îíàëüíî¿ àêàäåì³¿ íàóê Óêðà¿íè Áîðèñà Ïàòîíà îðäåíîì «Çà çàñëóãè ïåðåä Â³ò÷èçíîþ» I ñòóïåíÿ. «Íàãîðîäó ïðèñóäæåíî çà âèäàòíèé âíåñîê ó ðîçâèòîê ñâ³òîâî¿ íàóêè, çì³öíåííÿ íàóêîâèõ ³ êóëüòóðíèõ çâ’ÿçê³â ì³æ äåðæàâàìè-ó÷àñíèöÿìè Ñï³âäðóæíîñò³ Íåçàëåæíèõ Äåðæàâ», — ³äåòüñÿ â Óêàç³ ïðî íàãîðîäæåííÿ. Çà êîæíîþ ç âèñîêèõ íàãîðîä óñëàâëåíîãî óêðà¿íñüêîãî íàóêîâöÿ — éîãî òâîð÷³ ³ ïðîôåñ³éí³ çäîáóòêè. ¯õ ïåðåë³ê ì³ã áè çàéíÿòè äåñÿòêè ñòîð³íîê. Íà ñòàðò³ íàóêîâî¿ êàð’ºðè çàçäð³ñíèêè òà íåäîáðîçè÷ëèâö³, ÿêèõ âåëüìè áàãàòî ³ íå áóëî, ïîäåéêóâàëè, ùî Áîðèñ Ïàòîí çîáîâ’ÿçàíèé ñâîºþ íàóêîâîþ ñëàâîþ áàòüêîâ³, àêàäåì³êó ªâãåíó Ïàòîíó. Ïîò³ì òðèâàëèé ÷àñ öå òâåðäæåííÿ ñïðîñòîâóâàëè. Ïàòîíîâ³-ìîëîäøîìó çàçäðèëè íå äàðìà: ðîäèíà Ïàòîí³â ìàº äâîðÿíñüêå êîð³ííÿ. Ä³ä Áîðèñà ªâãåíîâè÷à ïî áàòüê³âñüê³é ë³í³¿, Îñêàð Ïåòðîâè÷ Ïàòîí, áóâ ñâîãî ÷àñó êîíñóëîì Ðîñ³éñüêî¿ ³ìïåð³¿ ó Í³öö³. «Íàñ ó ñ³ì’¿ áóëî ñåìåðî — ï’ÿòåðî áðàò³â ³ äâ³ ñåñòðè, — íàïèøå ó ñâî¿õ ñïîãàäàõ ªâãåí Îñêàðîâè÷ Ïàòîí. — Áàòüêî áóâ âèìîãëèâèì ³ îñîáëèâî íå òåðï³â íàøèõ ë³íîù³â. Â³í çìóøóâàâ íàñ óñ³õ ãîâîðèòè ðîñ³éñüêîþ (õî÷ íàâêîëî áóëî ôðàíêîìîâíå ñåðåäîâèùå. — Ðåä.), òà âîäíî÷àñ íàïîë³ã, ùîá ìè äîñêîíàëî âèâ÷àëè ùå òðè ìîâè — ôðàíöóçüêó, í³ìåöüêó, àíãë³éñüêó. Çà öå ÿ éîìó âäÿ÷íèé ³ ÷åðåç äåñÿòêè ðîê³â». Ä³äîâ³ íàñòàíîâè ªâãåí Îñêàðîâè÷ çàïîâ³â ñèíîâ³. Â³äòîä³ æèòòºâèì êðåäî Áîðèñà ªâãåíîâè÷à ñòàëî «Â÷èòèñÿ, â÷èòèñÿ ³ ùå ðàç â÷èòèñÿ!» Â³í âëàñíèì ïðèêëàäîì äîâ³â, ùî ñòîâ³äñîòêîâî ñïðîìîæíèé âèêîíàòè íàêàç ñâîãî áàòüêà — íàçäîãíàòè ³ ïåðåãíàòè éîãî. ªâãåí Ïàòîí áóâ ñëàâåòíèì ìîñòîáóä³âíè÷èì, éîãî ñèí ñòàâ ïåðøîâ³äêðèâà÷åì ó ãàçîåëåêòðîçâàðþâàíí³. Ñüîãîäí³ öåé òàíäåì «áàòüêî-ñèí» çíàº âåñü ñâ³ò. Ï³äáèðàþ÷è ìàòåð³àëè äî þâ³ëåþ Áîðèñà Ïàòîíà, ìè ðîçãóáèëèñÿ â ìîð³ éîãî â³äêðèòò³â, íàóêîâèõ ï³îíåðñòâ ³ ëþäñüêèõ ÷åñíîò. Âèÿâèëîñÿ, ùî â³í ÿê íàóêîâåöü-íîâàòîð — ñïðàâä³ ô³ãóðà áàãàòîãðàííà ³ íàäçâè÷àéíî ïë³äíà. Öèì Áîðèñ ªâãåíîâè÷ º äóæå ñõîæèì íà ñâîãî ãåí³àëüíîãî áàòüêà. Îòîæ, íà ñòîð³íêàõ íàøîãî âèäàííÿ ìè ñïðîáóºìî ðîçêàçàòè âàì ïðî íàéãîëîâí³ø³ íàóêîâ³, âèðîáíè÷³ òà... ñïîðòèâí³ çäîáóòêè àêàäåì³êà Áîðèñà Ïàòîíà.

ÎÑÎÁÈÑÒ²ÑÒÜ PERSONALITY

ïî÷àâ óïðîâàäæóâàòè àâòîìàòè÷í³ ìåòîäè çâàðþâàííÿ òðóá çàì³ñòü «ðó÷íèõ». Àâòîìàòè÷íèé ïðèñòð³é íàøîãî â³äîìîãî íàóêîâöÿ âåëüìè ïðèñëóæèâñÿ ðîá³òíèêàì. Àäæå ïðàöþâàòè ¿ì äîâîäèëîñÿ ï³ä â³äêðèòèì íåáîì — íà 40ãðàäóñíèõ ñèá³ðñüêèõ ìîðîçàõ. Çà ìàéæå äåñÿòèë³òòÿ çàâäÿêè Áîðèñîâ³ Ïàòîíó áóëî âïðîâàäæåíî òàêîæ âèãîòîâëåííÿ îäÿãó òà âçóòòÿ ç åëåêòðîï³ä³ãð³âîì äëÿ ðîá³òíèê³â Ï³âíî÷³ òà Ñèá³ðó. Ìåòîä àâòîìàòè÷íîãî ãàçîåëåêòðîçâàðþâàííÿ øèðîêî çàñòîñîâóâàëè äëÿ ç’ºäíàííÿ ÷àñòèí ðåçåðâóàð³â, ó ÿêèõ çáåð³ãàºòüñÿ íàôòà, à òàêîæ äëÿ êîæóõ³â äîìåííèõ ïå÷åé, âèñîòíèõ áàøòîâèõ êîíñòðóêö³é òîùî. Êîìïëåêñ «Ñåâåð» äëÿ êîíòàêòíîãî çâàðþâàííÿ òðóá ìàã³ñòðàëüíèõ òðóáîïðîâîä³â SEVER complex for Cold or contact welding of main pipe lines using this kind of welding

«ØÎÂ ÏÀÒÎÍÀ» Ï³ä êåðóâàííÿì Áîðèñà Ïàòîíà â ²íñòèòóò³ ãàçîåëåêòðîçâàðþâàííÿ áóëî ïðîâåäåíî ïë³äí³ äîñë³äæåííÿ ùîäî íåðîç’ºìíîãî ç’ºäíàííÿ ìåòàë³â ³ íåìåòàë³â ó ð³çíèõ óìîâàõ òà ñåðåäîâèùàõ, çîêðåìà — íàïëàâëåííÿ ï³ä ôëþñîì. Âëàñíå, ðîáîòè ïî÷àëèñÿ çàäîâãî äî ñòâîðåííÿ ²íñòèòóòó â 1953 ðîö³ — ùå ï³ä ÷àñ Âåëèêî¿ Â³ò÷èçíÿíî¿ â³éíè. 1942 ðîêó Áîðèñ Ïàòîí ïðàöþâàâ íà òàíêîáóä³âíîìó çàâîä³ â Íèæíüîìó Òàã³ë³, íà Óðàë³, äå çàñòîñóâàâ çãàäàíó òåõíîëîã³þ äëÿ çâàðþâàííÿ áðîí³ íà òàíêàõ Ò–34. (Äî ñëîâà, öÿ ðîáîòà ñòàëà áàçîþ äëÿ êàíäèäàòñüêî¿ äèñåðòàö³¿, ÿêó Ïàòîí çàõèñòèâ 1945-ãî.) Çà ðîêè â³éíè çàãàëüíà äîâæèíà «ïàòîí³âñüêîãî øâà» ñêëàëà ø³ñòü òèñÿ÷ ê³ëîìåòð³â. Ó æîäí³é ³íø³é êðà¿í³ íà òîé ÷àñ àâòîìàòè÷íå åëåêòðîçâàðþâàííÿ ï³ä ôëþñîì íå çàñòîñîâóâàëîñÿ. Ëèøå â îñòàíí³ ðîêè â³éíè çà ïðèêëàäîì ÑÐÑÐ öåé ñïîñ³á ïî÷àëè îñâîþâàòè ïðè âèãîòîâëåíí³ áðîíüîâàíèõ êîðïóñ³â òàíê³â òà ñàìîõ³äíèõ àðòèëåð³éñüêèõ ìàøèí ó ÑØÀ.

ÇÂÀÐÞÂÀÍÍß ÍÀ ÍÀÔÒÎÃÎÍÀÕ ² «ÂÀËßÍÖ²» Ç Ï²Ä²ÃÐ²ÂÎÌ Ó 60-õ ðîêàõ, êîëè Ðàäÿíñüêèé Ñîþç ðîçãîðíóâ ã³ãàíòñüêå áóä³âíèöòâî íàôòîãîí³â ³ç Ñèá³ðó â çàõ³äí³ ðåã³îíè «³ìïåð³¿», ñàìå ²íñòèòóò Ïàòîíà ïåðøèì

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

ÇÂÀÐÞÂÀËÜÍÈÉ ÀÏÀÐÀÒ Ó Â²ÄÊÐÈÒÎÌÓ ÊÎÑÌÎÑ² Ïåðåâ³ðåíó â ³íøèõ ñòðàòåã³÷íèõ ãàëóçÿõ ðàäÿíñüêîãî «íàðîäíîãî ãîñïîäàðñòâà» òåõíîëîã³þ Áîðèñ Ïàòîí «çàêèíóâ» ³ â êîñìîñ. Ùå 1969 ðîêó ï³ä éîãî êåð³âíèöòâîì áóëî ï³äãîòîâëåíî åêñïåðèìåíò ç³ çâàðþâàííÿ â íàâêîëîçåìíîìó êîñì³÷íîìó ïðîñòîð³. Ö³êàâèé äîñë³ä ïðîâ³â àñòðîÇà ðîêè â³éíè çàãàëüíà äîâæèíà «ïàòîí³âñüêîãî øâà» ñêëàëà ø³ñòü òèñÿ÷ ê³ëîìåòð³â. Ó æîäí³é ³íø³é êðà¿í³ íà òîé ÷àñ àâòîìàòè÷íå åëåêòðîçâàðþâàííÿ ï³ä ôëþñîì íå çàñòîñîâóâàëîñÿ.

íàâò êîðàáëÿ «Ñîþç–6» Êóáàñîâ çàâäÿêè ñòâîðåí³é â ²íñòèòóò³ Ïàòîíà óñòàíîâö³ «Âóëêàí». Ç òîãî ÷àñó ïåðåä êîñìîíàâòàìè â³äêðèëàñÿ ìîæëèâ³ñòü çâàðþâàòè ìåòàëîêîíñòðóêö³¿ ó â³äêðèòîìó êîñìîñ³ òà ïðîâîäèòè ðåìîíòí³ ðîáîòè êîñì³÷íèõ ñòàíö³é. 1997 ðîêó àíàëîã³÷í³ äîñë³äæåííÿ — çâàðþâàííÿ, ðîçð³çàííÿ òà íàïèëþâàííÿ ó â³äêðèòîìó êîñìîñ³ — ïðîâîäèëèñÿ ñï³ëüíî ç àìåðèêàíñüêèìè íàóêîâöÿìè.

ÏÐÈÁÐÀÒÈ ÑÏÀÉÊÈ! Â îñòàíí³ äåñÿòèë³òòÿ Áîðèñ Ïàòîí çàö³êàâèâñÿ åëåêòðîçâàðþâàííÿì ì’ÿêèõ òêàíèí. Òóò ñòàëîñÿ, ÿê ó ïðèêàçö³: íå áóëî á ùàñòÿ, òà íåùàñòÿ äîïîìîãëî. À áóëî òàê. 1996 ðîêó Ïðåçèäåíò Àêàäåì³¿ íàóê Óêðà¿íè Áîðèñ ªâãåíîâè÷ Ïàòîí êàòàâñÿ íà âîäíèõ ëèæàõ ³ çëàìàâ íîãó. Ñèäÿ÷è ó ã³ïñ³, â³í çàäóìàâñÿ ïðî ãëîáàëüí³ ïðîáëåìè ìåäèöèíè. Îñê³ëüêè óñ³, õòî ç³øòîâõóºòüñÿ ç ìåäèöèíîþ, íå ìîæóòü íå çàäóìàòèñÿ ïðî ¿¿ ïðîáëåìè. Îòîä³ â àêàäåì³êà ³ ç’ÿâèëàñÿ ³äåÿ: à ÷îìó á íå çàñòîñóâàòè åëåêòðîçâàðþâàííÿ â ìåäèöèí³? Çâàðèòè, ñêàæ³ìî, çëàìàíó ê³ñòêó, ÿê âîäîïðîâ³äíó òðóáó, — ³ íå ÷åêàòè, äîêè âîíà çðîñòåòüñÿ ñàìà. Áîðèñ ªâãåíîâè÷ Ïàòîí ÿê äèðåêòîð ÍÄ² çâàðþâàííÿ ³ íàäòâåðäèõ ìàòåð³àë³â äàâ ï³äëåãëèì çàâäàííÿ ðîçðîáèòè ðåâîëþö³éíèé ìåòîä. Ðîçïî÷àëèñÿ äîñë³äè.

Á³ëÿ íîâîãî àïàðàòà ÀØ-115Ì äëÿ åëåêòðîøëàêîâîãî çâàðþâàííÿ. 2006ð. Beside the new equipment ASH-115M for electro welding. 2006

The legendary Boris Paton 27 NOVEMBER 2008 WAS THE BIRTHDAY OF BORIS PATON, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

Á³ëÿ ïàì’ÿòíèêà áàòüêó. ×åðâåíü 2002 ð. At his father’s monument. June 2002.

Probably it is mystical or maybe it is a scientific coincidence that Boris Paton, who was leading the Ukrainian Academy of Science for 46 years, was born on the same date as its foundation — 27 November. In fact it is 1 year older than the famous jubilee. Mysticism? Coincidence? Probably it is fate… The most important people of the country have gathered on this day, politicians, scientists, social and cultural figures of Ukraine and other countries for a grand recep-

tion in the conference hall of the Presidium of the Ukrainian Academy of Science dedicated to the anniversary. They all wished the grey headed Boris sound health, creative inspiration for new achievements and God’s help in serving the people of Ukraine. Though we think typical wishes are not suitable for Boris Paton, there should be something extraordinary for him as Boris Yevgenievich is not the person of his epoch

but even beyond it Boris Paton is a legendary person. A great lifetime lies behind him. Under his guidance the Ukrainian Academy of Science became one of the best in the world, along with the academies of leading countries in the world. He created a strong team of scientists, a powerful potential for Ukraine. This person is the last titan, who maintained the meaning of motherland, honor, friendship, devotion to work and intelligence.

ÎÑÎÁÈÑÒ²ÑÒÜ PERSONALITY

Àêàäåì³ê Ïàòîí ïîâ³äîìèâ ïðî ñâî¿ äîñë³äè Ñëóæáó áåçïåêè Óêðà¿íè. Äî äîñë³äæåíü ï³äêëþ÷èâñÿ îñîáîâèé ñêëàä Â³éñüêîâî-ìåäè÷íîãî óïðàâë³ííÿ ÑÁÓ íà ÷îë³ ç ãåíåðàë-ìàéîðîì Çàõàðàøåì. Ìèõàéëî Ïåòðîâè÷ Çàõàðàø — àêàäåì³ê, äîêòîð ìåäè÷íèõ íàóê, ïðîôåñîð, ãîëîâíèé ïðîêòîëîã óêðà¿íñüêîãî ÌÎÇ, àâòîð ÷èñëåííèõ ñòàòåé ³ êíèã. Ñàìå â³í ³ ïðîâ³â ïåðøó îïåðàö³þ çà ìåòîäîì àêàäåì³êà Ïàòîíà 2000 ðîêó. Îäíàê ö³é ïîä³¿ ïåðåäóâàëè ÷èñëåíí³ äîñë³äè íà êðîëèêàõ ³ ñîáàêàõ. Ç’ÿñóâàëîñÿ, ùî ê³ñòêîâ³ òêàíèíè íå ç’ºäíóþòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ åëåêòðîçâàðþâàííÿ. Ïðîòå ì’ÿê³ — çâàðþþòüñÿ äîáðå. Ùî òðåáà çðîáèòè, ùîá çâàðèòè äâà øìàòêè çàë³çà? Ïîòð³áíî ¿õ ç’ºäíàòè ³ ì³ñöå ç’ºäíàííÿ çàëèòè ðîçïëàâëåíèì ìåòàëîì, òîáòî çâàðþâàëüíèì ìàòåð³àëîì. Ó õ³ðóðã³÷í³é îïåðàö³¿ çà ìåòîäîì àêàäåì³êà Ïàòîíà çâàðþâàëüíèì ìàòåð³àëîì º àëüáóì³í — ì³æêë³òèííèé á³ëîê. ×àñòèíè òêàíèíè ç’ºäíóþòü, íàêëàäàþòü çâàðþâàëüíèé ìàòåð³àë ³ ïîäàþòü ñëàáêèé åëåêòðè÷íèé ñòðóì. Á³ëîê íàãð³âàºòüñÿ äî 65–70 ãðàäóñ³â ³ êîàãóëþº. Òàêèì ÷èíîì, àëüáóì³í çàïàþº ì³ñöå ðîçð³çó. Ïðîöåñ ìàéæå áåçêðîâíèé. Øîâ — ³äåàëüíèé. Çà 90 äí³â â³í çíèêàº çîâñ³ì. Ãîëîâí³ ³íñòðóìåíòè õ³ðóðãà-åëåêòðîçâàðíèêà — çàòèñêà÷ ³ ï³íöåò ç äðîòàìè, ùî ï³ä’ºäíóþòüñÿ äî êîìï’þòåðà. Öå ³ º çâàðþâàëüíèé àïàðàò. Ó íüîãî ñâîÿ ïðîãðàìà. Ïåðø í³æ ðîçïî÷àòè çâàðþâàííÿ, õ³ðóðã âíîñèòü ó êîìï’þòåð ïàðàìåòðè îïåðàö³¿. Òîìó ùî îäíà ñïðàâà — çâàðèòè ñò³íêó øëóíêà, ³ çîâñ³ì ³íøà — ïå÷³íêó. Ð³çí³ òêàíèíè. Äëÿ ¿õíüîãî çâàðþâàííÿ ïîòð³áíà ð³çíà ñèëà ñòðóìó. Ïî÷èíàþ÷è ç 2000 ðîêó, íàáóòèé äîñâ³ä çàñòîñîâóþòü ó êë³í³÷í³é õ³ðóðã³¿. Çàâäÿêè Ïàòîíîâ³ ÿê â Óêðà¿í³, òàê ³ çà ¿¿ ìåæàìè ñüîãîäí³ ïðîâîäÿòü â³äÓ õ³ðóðã³÷í³é îïåðàö³¿ çà ìåòîäîì àêàäåì³êà Ïàòîíà çâàðþâàëüíèì ìàòåð³àëîì º àëüáóì³í — ì³æêë³òèííèé á³ëîê. ×àñòèíè òêàíèíè ç’ºäíóþòü, íàêëàäàþòü çâàðþâàëüíèé ìàòåð³àë ³ ïîäàþòü ñëàáêèé åëåêòðè÷íèé ñòðóì. Á³ëîê íàãð³âàºòüñÿ äî 65–70 ãðàäóñ³â ³ êîàãóëþº. Òàêèì ÷èíîì, àëüáóì³í çàïàþº ì³ñöå ðîçð³çó. Ïðîöåñ ìàéæå áåçêðîâíèé. Øîâ — ³äåàëüíèé. Çà 90 äí³â â³í çíèêàº çîâñ³ì.

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Íà òåí³ñíîìó êîðò³. 1974 ð. Tennis court. 1974

Îñòàíí³é ãåéì â³í íåîäì³ííî ïðèñâÿ÷óº óëþáëåí³é ëþäèí³, àëå í³êîëè íå êàæå, êîìó ñàìå.

êðèò³ òà ëàïàðîñêîï³÷í³ îïåðàö³¿ íà îðãàíàõ ÷åðåâíî¿ ïîðîæíèíè, ïå÷³íö³, ñå÷îâîìó ì³õóð³, ë³êâ³äóþòü ñïàéêè ìàòêîâèõ òðóá ó æ³íîê.

ÌÀËÅ×À Ç ÏÐÎÁ²ÐÊÈ Ìàëîâ³äîìèé ôàêò. 1983 ðîêó â Õàðêîâ³ ñòâîðþâàëè ²íñòèòóò êð³îá³îëîã³¿ òà êð³îìåäèöèíè, äå íåâäîâç³ ç’ÿâèëàñÿ ïåðøà â Óêðà¿í³ «äèòèíà ç ïðîá³ðêè» — ä³â÷èíêà Êàòÿ (çàðàç ¿é 18 ðîê³â). Óò³ì çàéìàòèñÿ â Ðàäÿíñüêîìó Ñîþç³ íîâîþ òåõíîëîã³ºþ øòó÷íîãî çàïë³äíåííÿ áóëî ñêëàäíî, ïîçàÿê á³ëüø³ñòü ðåàêòèâ³â áóëî ðîçðîáëåíî íà Çàõîä³, é, â³äïîâ³äíî, ¿õ òðåáà áóëî çàêóïîâóâàòè çà òâåðäó âàëþòó. Çà çàêîíàìè ÑÐÑÐ, ÍÄ² òîä³ íå ìàëè ìîæëèâîñò³ ïðîâîäèòè âàëþòí³ îïåðàö³¿. Ëèøå Àêàäåì³¿ íàóê áóëî äîçâîëåíî ìàòè «äîëàðè ó êèøåí³». Îòîæ, ô³íàíñîâå çàáåçïå÷åííÿ óêðà¿íñüêèõ ïåðøîïðîõ³äö³â «íåïîðî÷íîãî çà÷àòòÿ» â³äáóëîñÿ ç³ çãîäè òà «áëàãîñëîâåííÿ» Áîðèñà Ïàòîíà, êåð³âíèêà Àêàäåì³¿.

ÒÅÍ²ÑÍÈÉ ÒÓÐÍ²Ð — ÍÀ 70-Ð²×ÍÈÉ ÞÂ²ËÅÉ À òåïåð — ïðî àêàäåì³êà-ñïîðòñìåíà. Áîðèñ Ïàòîí çàõîïèâñÿ âåëèêèì òåí³ñîì ïðèáëèçíî ó 70-õ ðîêàõ. «Ç Áîðèñîì ªâãåíîâè÷åì ÿ ïðàöþþ âæå 30

ðîê³â, — ðîçïîâ³äàâ îäíîìó ç êè¿âñüêèõ âèäàíü ãåíåðàëüíèé äèðåêòîð ÇÀÒ «Íàóêà-ñïîðò», ðîçòàøîâàíîãî íà Ï³âäåííîìó áåðåç³ Êðèìó, Àíàòîë³é Êðæåâ³í. — Ìåíå çàâæäè äèâóâàëî, ùî òàêà çàéíÿòà ëþäèíà í³êîëè íå ñï³çíþâàëàñÿ íà òðåíóâàííÿ, à ÿêùî çìóøåíèé áóâ çàòðèìàòèñÿ — îáîâ’ÿçêîâî òåëåôîíóâàâ ³ ïîïåðåäæàâ». Çà ñëîâàìè ïàíà Êðæåâ³íà, «â òåí³ñ Áîðèñ ªâãåíîâè÷ ãðàâ â³äì³ííî». «Îñòàíí³é ãåéì â³í íåîäì³ííî ïðèñâÿ÷óº óëþáëåí³é ëþäèí³, àëå í³êîëè íå êàæå, êîìó ñàìå. ßêùî õî÷å êîãîñü îá³ãðàòè, òî çðîáèòü öå, íå çâàæàþ÷è íà òå, ñê³ëüêè çóñèëü òðåáà äîêëàñòè, — âåäå äàë³ òðåíåð. — Ñâÿòà òà äí³ íàðîäæåííÿ Áîðèñà ªâãåíîâè÷à äóæå ÷àñòî ìè â³äçíà÷àëè ïðîñòî íà òåí³ñíîìó êîðò³: íàêðèâàëè âåëåòåíñüêèé ñò³ë ³ ùèðî âåñåëèëèñÿ». Îäíîãî ðàçó, âæå ìàþ÷è çà 70, Ïàòîí ïåðåí³ñ çíà÷íó òðàâìó — «ïîãàíî» âèéøîâ ³ç âîäè, êàòàþ÷èñü íà âîäíèõ ëèæàõ. Òîä³ âñ³ äóìàëè, ùî ïðåçèäåíò ÍÀÍÓ âæå íå ñòàíå í³ íà ëèæ³, í³ íà òåí³ñíèé êîðò. Àëå â³í çà êîðîòêèé ÷àñ â³äíîâèâ âòðà÷åíó ñïîðòèâíó ôîðìó. Áî ó Áîðèñà ªâãåíîâè÷à íàäçâè÷àéíî ðîçâèíåíà ñèëà âîë³. ßêùî â³í ïîñòàâèâ ïåðåä ñîáîþ ÿêóñü êîíêðåòíó ìåòó — ³ â ñïîðò³ òàêîæ, — â³í îáîâ’ÿçêîâî ¿¿ äîñÿãíå. Çà áóäü-ÿêó ö³íó! Áî ïàì’ÿòàº çàâ³ò áàòüêà: «Íàçäîãíàòè ³ ïåðåãíàòè!» «ß ïèøàþñü, ùî ìî¿ ïðåäêè áóëè ëþäè ã³äí³! Ïàòîíè çàâæäè â³ðíî ñëóæèëè Áàòüê³âùèí³. ß îòðèìàâ â³ä ïðåäê³â ãîëîâíå — ñïëàâ õàðàêòåðó. Öå ÷åñí³ñòü ³ ëþáîâ äî íåçàëåæíîñò³, öå ãîðä³ñòü, íåñóì³ñíà ç ï³äëàáóçíèöòâîì, öå âèìîãëèâ³ñòü äî ñåáå é ôàíàòè÷íà íàïîëåãëèâ³ñòü ó çä³éñíåíí³ ïîñòàâëåíî¿ ìåòè! Öå ìîÿ ñïàäùèíà, ³ êðàùîãî ìåí³ íå òðåáà!» — íàïèñàâ êîëèñü Áîðèñ ªâãåíîâè÷ Ïàòîí. Âî³ñòèíó: ÿáëóêî â³ä ÿáëóí³ äàëåêî íå ïàäàº. Àäæå ãåí³àëüí³ñòü áàòüêà, ÿê áà÷èìî, öüîãî ðàçó ïåðåäàëàñÿ ó ñïàäîê ñèíîâ³. ² ùî öå — ñâÿòà ïðàâäà, íåñïðîñòîâíî ï³äòâåðäæóº äîâãèé æèòòºâèé øëÿõ àêàäåì³êà Áîðèñà ªâãåíîâè÷à Ïàòîíà, ÿêîìó ÷èòà÷³ æóðíàëó «²ì³äæ.ua» çè÷àòü äîâãèõ ë³ò íà éîãî ëþäñüê³é ³ íàóêîâ³é ñòåæèí³. Éîãî íàóêîâå ³ òâîð÷å äîâãîë³òòÿ ïîòð³áíå êîæíîìó ç íàñ, ãðîìàäÿí Óêðà¿íè. Àäæå íà òàêèõ ëþäÿõ, ÿê ãåðîé íàøî¿ îïîâ³ä³, òðèìàºòüñÿ ñâ³ò. Ó áóêâàëüíîìó ñåíñ³ öüîãî ñëîâà. Ìàòåð³àë ï³äãîòîâëåíî çà ïóáë³êàö³ÿìè ñòîëè÷íî¿ ïðåñè

×ëåíè Êîì³òåòó ç Äåðæàâíèõ ïðåì³é Óêðà¿íè â ãàëóç³ íàóêè é òåõí³êè. Êè¿â, ëèñòîïàä 2005 ð. Member of Ukrainian State Awards Committee in the field of technology. Kyiv, November 2005

Here is a brief characteristic of the scientific and industrial activity of Boris Yevgenovych Paton. The President of the International academy of science association (from1993); President of the presidents’ board of the National academies of science of Black Sea economical cooperation countries Organization; Head of the Coordination council of the intergovernmental scientific and technical program «High Quality Pipe (pipeline) Transport» (1991); Head of the intergovernmental scientific council of welding and (kinship, affinity) technologies (CIS, 1992); Member of intergovernmental of scientific and technical development of CIS countriesmembers (1996); member of the community (public) international fuel and energy association (1993); member of Supervisory Council of the International Fund of Nuclear Safety (security) (Vienna 1997); co-chairman of «High Quality Pipe (pipeline) Transport» association of the board of directors (1998); member of Austria —

Ukrainian institute of science and techniques Scientific council (2206). The list of awards and prizes of the jubilee is very impressive: S.I. Vavilov medal of AS USSR (1978); M.B. Lomonosov Golden medal of AS USSR (1981); V.G. Shukhov golden medal of Engineering and scientific unions of Russia (1994); Big Silver medal of the International Engineering academy (Russia, 1998); S.P. Koroliova Golden medal of presidium PAS (2003) and other prizes and premiums from scientific communities and different organizations all around the world. Boris Paton once received Stalin’s (state) premium USSR (1950); Lenin’s premium (1957); V. Vernadskiy’s premium (2002); state premium of Ukraine (2004) and others. We can only admire his State prizes. He is twice Hero of Socialist Labour (1969,1978), Hero of Ukraine (1998). He also has Lenin’s Order (1966, 1969, 1975, 1978), Labour Red Flag (1943); October Revolution (1984), Nations’ Friend-

ship (1988); V degree Yaroslav’s the Wise (1997) and IV degree (2003); Order of the President of Ukraine (1993) and also prizes from Bulgaria, Belorus, Georgia, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia and Russia. On 27th November 2008 the President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko signed a decree about honoring Boris Paton with Yaroslav the Wise’s Order «for tireless work for native science». On the day of the festive jubilee Russian President Dmitriy Medvedev decorated the president of National Sciences with the 1st Degree Order «for services to the motherland». The prize is awarded «for prominent contributions in the development of world science, strengthening scientific and cultural relations between the country-members of CIS.» — stated the decree. Behind each big prize of the great Ukrainian scientist there are creative and professional achievements. The full list of them could spread over 2 pages.

ÎÑÎÁÈÑÒ²ÑÒÜ PERSONALITY

At the beginning of his career lots of grudges and jealous people were saying Boris Yevgenovych owed his scientific fame to his father — academician Yevgen Paton. Then after a time this statement was disproved. There were grounds for all the jealousies towards Paton junior: their family was of gentle birth. Boris Yevgenovich’s grandfather was once a Russian Empire Consul in Nice, Oscar Petrovich Paton. «There were 7 of us: 5 brothers and 2 sisters. Our father was very strict and didn’t like laziness at all. He made us all speak Russian (though French was spoken all around — author’s note) and he also insisted on our studying French, German and English. I am really grateful for that, even after all these years» –wrote Yevgen Paton in his reminiscences. On his grandfather’s instructions Yevgen Paton willed to his son. From then on Boris Evgenievich’s life’s slogan became «Study, study and more study». He proved to be able to fulfill his father’s instructions — to overtake his father and even leave him behind. Yevgen Paton was a famous bridge builder and his son became the discoverer of gas electric welding. Today the entire world knows this father-son tandem. Collecting some material for Boris Paton’s jubilee we were lost in his discoveries, science pioneering and human virtue. It turned out to be that he is manysided and voluminous as a scientific innovator. This is what makes him very like his father.

PATON’S WELD Under B. Paton’s command fertile researches were made on the indissoluble connection of metal and non-metal under different conditions in the Institute of gaselectro-welding, including melting under a gumboil. In fact the research started long before the Institute was founded in 1953 — since the Great World War (1). From 1942 Boris Paton worked in the tank building plant in Down Tahil, Urals, where he used the above mentioned technology for welding the armor onto the T-34 tanks. (By the way, this became the main material for his dissertation which he presented in 1945.) During the war years the total length of «Paton’s weld» was 6000 km. No oth-

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The method of automatically gas-electro-welding is widely used for joining parts of reservoirs that preserve oil and also for blast furnace covers, high building construction etc.

WELDING DEVICE IN OUTER SPACE

ªâãåí Ïàòîí Yevheniy Paton

On his grandfather’s instructions Yevgen Paton willed to his son. From then on Boris Evgenievich’s life’s slogan became «Study, study and more study».

Technologies Boris Paton tested in other strategic spheres of the soviet’s «national economy» were used in space. In 1969 an experiment was under his command in circum-terrestrial space. An interesting research by astronaut Kubasov was done on the spaceship «Souz 6» thanks to setting Vulcan designed in Paton’s institute. From that time on astronauts could weld metal constructions in the open space repair space stations. In 1997similar researches were done: welding, cutting in the outer space were done alongside American scientists.

COVERING THE JOINTS! er countries had used automatic electro welding under gumboil at that time. Only during the last war years following the USSR examples this method was used in developing reserved quota tank’s frame and self-operation machine artillery cars in USA.

WELDING ON OIL PIPELINES «FELT BOOTS» WITH HEATING. In 1960’s when USSR developed gigantic oil pipeline from Siberia into the western regions of imperia, it was Paton who first implanted automatic methods of pipe welding instead of «manual». The automatic device of our famous scientist was approved by workers, as they had to work in the open air at -40 ºC. For almost a decade thanks to Boris Paton the designing of clothes and shoes with electro heating was implemented for the workers in north Siberia.

During the war years the total length of «Paton’s weld» was 6000 km. No other countries had used automatic electro welding under gumboil at that time.

In the last decade B. Paton became interested in soft material in electro welding. As the proverb says everything happens for a reason. In 1996 president of the Ukrainian academy of science B. Paton was waterskiing and broke his leg. Sitting in gypsum he started thinking about the global problem of medicine, as everybody who comes across medicine can’t help thinking about its problems. At this time an idea came to his mind: why not use electro welding in medicine? Weld for example broken bone like plumbing pipe instead waiting for it to heal. Boris Evgenievich Paton as the director of NDI of welding made his employees develop a new revolutionary method. Academic Paton informed Ukrainian security services about his researches. A special group from the military medical management of SSU led by general Zakharashin joined the researches. Michael Petrovich Zakharashin is an academic doctor of philosophy in medicine, professor, author of number articles made the first operation using Paton’s method in 2000. This event was preceded by numbers of experiments on rabbits and dogs. It was found out that bone stock can not be joined by electrowelding, though soft one’s can weld quite well.

According to USSR law NDI didn’t have the right to conduct currency transactions. Only the academy of science was allowed to have dollars. That is why financial providing of Ukrainian pioneers of artificial impregnation was done with the help of Boris Paton academy leader.

TENNIS TOURNAMENT ON 70TH JUBILEE

Ç àêàäåì³êàìè Ì.Ì.Àìîñîâèì òà Î.Î.Øàë³ìîâèì íà ñâÿòêóâàíí³ Äíÿ íàóêè. Êè¿â, 1998 ð.

In surgery operations, following Paton’s method, welding material was albumen which is intercellular albumen. Bone stock is joined welding material is put on the top and electric stream should be applied. The albumen heats up to 65 degrees and coagulates. By means of this the albumen solders the joint in place. The process is almost bloodless; the scar is ideal and in 90 days disappears.

What do we have to do to weld two pieces of iron? You have to join them and at the joint pour with molten metal e.g. welding material. In surgery operations, following Paton’s method, welding material was albumen which is intercellular albumen. Bone stock is joined welding material is put on the top and electric stream should be applied. The albumen heats up to 65 degrees and coagulates. By means of this the albumen solders the joint in place. The process is almost bloodless; the scar is ideal and in 90 days disappears. A surgeon electro welder’s main tools are clamp and pincers with wires connected to a computer. This is the welding device. It has its own program, be-

Celebrating Day of Science With academicians M.M. Amosovim and O.O. Shalimovich, Kyiv, 1998

fore the welding the surgeon sets parameters of the operation into the computer, because one wall of the stomach and the other thing is liver. They are different materials. Different electric streams should be used for welding. The experience gained is used in hospitals. Thanks to Paton in Ukraine as well as abroad laparoscopic operations are conducted on abdominal regions’ organs, liver, urinary bladder and others.

TEST TUBE BABY Unknown fact is that in 1993 in Kharkiv institute of cryobiology and cryomedicine was founded, where the first «test tube baby» was born. Her name is Kate and she is 18 now. Although the provision of artificial impregnation in the Soviet Union was difficult. Most of regents were made in the West and consequently were bought with stable currency. According to USSR law NDI didn’t have the right to conduct currency transactions. Only the academy of science was allowed to have dollars. That is why financial providing of Ukrainian pioneers of artificial impregnation was done with the help of Boris Paton academy leader.

Now let’s talk a little about the academic as a sportsman. Boris Paton became interested in tennis in the 70s. «I’ve been working with Boris Evgenivich for 30 years and I was always surprised that this busy person was never late for trainings and if he was he phoned.» — stated Anatoly Krzhevin the director of ZAT «Science and sport» to one of Kiev’s publishers. According to Mr. Krzhevin «Boris Evgenievich plays tennis very well». «The last game he dedicates to his favorite person but never says who this person is. If he wants to beat somebody he will do it no matter what it takes. — says his trainer. On his holidays and birthdays we usually celebrated on the tennis court, we laid a huge table and had a lot of fun.» Once, when he was over 70, Paton had a serious trauma, he went out of the water in the wrong way while waterskiing. Nobody believed he would ever water ski or play tennis again. Nevertheless in a short period of time he recovered quickly, because Boris Evgenievich has a strong will. If he sets a goal whether in sports or in any other sphere he will definitely succeed. As he never forgets his father’s will «overtake and leave all behind». «I am proud that my ancestors lived in dignity! Patons always serve the Motherland. I received a combined character from my ancestors. It is honesty and love of independence, it demands of me a fanatic determinacy in reaching the set goal. This is my fortune and this is all I need» — once stated Boris Evgenievich Paton. The proverb says: as is the tree, so the fruit. Thus a father’s brilliance came down from father to son. This is proved by his long career as an academic. «Imige.ua» readers wish him prosperity in his life and career. Ukrainians need his scientific creativity, because he is one of the movers and shakers, in the literal sense of the word.

ÎÑÎÁÈÑÒ²ÑÒÜ PERSONALITY

Çèíîâ³é Ãðèãîðîâè÷ Ïàñòåðíàê — ãåíåðàëüíèé äèðåêòîð ÄÏ «Âóã³ëüíà êîìïàí³ÿ «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà»» Zinoviy Pasternak general director of state enterprise «Coal company «Krasnolymanska»

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Ювілей як привід для роздумів про професію ÊÎÐÎÒÊÀ ÄÎÂ²ÄÊÀ:

Äî ñêëàäó äåðæàâíîãî ï³äïðèºìñòâà «Âóã³ëüíà êîìïàí³ÿ «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà»» âõîäÿòü äâà ï³äïðèºìñòâà: øàõòà «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà» é öåíòðàëüíà çáàãà÷óâàëüíà ôàáðèêà ÖÇÔ «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà». Ï³äïðèºìñòâî çä³éñíþº âèäîáóòîê êîêñóþ÷îãî âóã³ëëÿ, éîãî çáàãà÷åííÿ ³ ðåàë³çàö³þ âóã³ëüíîãî êîíöåíòðàòó äëÿ êîêñóâàííÿ â³ò÷èçíÿíèì êîêñîõ³ì³÷íèì çàâîäàì. Áëèçüêî 30% âóã³ëëÿ ìàðêè Æ — ÷àñòêà ï³äïðèºìñòâà â çàãàëüíîìó âèäîáóòêó âóã³ëüíî¿ ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ Óêðà¿íè. Ïðîòÿãîì îñòàíí³õ ÷îòèðíàäöÿòè ðîê³â ï³äïðèºìñòâî î÷îëþº çàñëóæåíèé øàõòàð Óêðà¿íè, ïîâíèé êàâàëåð îðäåíà «Çà çàñëóãè», àêàäåì³ê Óêðà¿íñüêî¿ àêàäåì³¿ íàö³îíàëüíîãî ïðîãðåñó, Óêðà¿íñüêî¿ òåõíîëîã³÷íî¿ àêàäåì³¿ — Çèíîâ³é Ãðèãîðîâè÷ ÏÀÑÒÅÐÍÀÊ. SOME BRIEF INFORMATION:

Êîëè ãåíåðàëüíèé äèðåêòîð «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêî¿» êðîêóº âóëèöÿìè ð³äíîãî ì³ñòà, ëþäè, ÿê³ éäóòü éîìó íàçóñòð³÷, çàâæäè ïðèâ³òíî ïîñì³õàþòüñÿ, áàæàþòü ì³öíîãî çäîðîâ’ÿ, ùèðî òèñíóòü ðóêó, äÿêóþòü çà òóðáîòó ïðî øàõòàðñüê³ ñ³ì’¿. «Íàø øåô!» — òàê ëàêîí³÷íî êàæóòü ïðî Çèíîâ³ÿ Ãðèãîðîâè÷à Ïàñòåðíàêà ã³ðíèêè. ² öå íå ïåðåá³ëüøåííÿ, àäæå øàõòà «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà» º ì³ñòîòâîðíèì ï³äïðèºìñòâîì Ðîäèíñüêîãî. Öå í³áè ñòàíîâèé õðåáåò íåâåëè÷êîãî øàõòàðñüêîãî ì³ñòå÷êà. ßêùî ñïðàâè íà øàõò³ íà ï³äéîì³, òî é ì³ñòó äîáðå. À îòæå, íå ëèøå øàõòàð³ ³ ïðàö³âíèêè çáàãà÷óâàëüíî¿ ôàáðèêè ìîæóòü óïåâíåíî äèâèòèñÿ â ìàéáóòíº, à é óñ³ ãîðîäÿíè.

The state enterprise «The Coal Company «Krasnolymanska» consists of two enterprises: the mine «Krasnolymanska» and the central enrichment factory CEF «Krasnolymanska». The enterprise mines coke/ coal, enriches it and sells coal concentrate for coking to Ukrainian coke-chemical factories. About 30% of the coal of the mark ‘Æ’ is part of the enterprise in the total mining of the Ukrainian coal industry. For the last 14 years the enterprise has been headed by Zynovii Grygorovych Pasternak, an honored miner of Ukraine, a full holder of the order «For Contributions», an academician of the Ukrainian Academy for National Progress and the Technological Academy of Ukraine.

ÎÑÎÁÈÑÒ²ÑÒÜ PERSONALITY

Áóä³âíèöòâî íîâî¿ øàõòè

å âàæëèâî, îñîáëèâî çàðàç, êîëè åêîíîì³êà Óêðà¿íè âæå â³ä÷óâàº íà ñîá³ âïëèâ ñâ³òîâî¿ ô³íàíñîâî¿ êðèçè. «Í³÷îãî, é íå òàê³ ïåðåøêîäè äîëàëè. ² öþ êðèçó ïåðåæèâåìî», — ïåðåêîíàíèé Çèíîâ³é Ãðèãîðîâè÷. Çà íàòóðîþ â³í îïòèì³ñò. Îòîæ í³êîëè íå íàð³êàâ ³ ñüîãîäí³ íå íàð³êàº íà äîëþ. «Õîò³òè — îçíà÷àº ìîãòè», — êðåäî ãåíäèðåêòîðà «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêî¿». ×åêàòè ëàñêè â³ä ïðèðîäè — íå â éîãî õàðàêòåð³. «Óñå çàëåæèòü ò³ëüêè â³ä íàñ ñàìèõ, — ãîâîðèòü Ïàñòåðíàê, — òî÷í³øå, â³ä íàøîãî áàæàííÿ çì³íèòè ñèòóàö³þ. Òðåáà ïðàöþâàòè, ùîá çàëèøèòè ïî ñîá³ äîáðó çãàäêó ó ëþäñüê³é ïàì’ÿò³. Ñàìå òîìó, ìàáóòü, ÿ ïðèñâÿòèâ ñâîþ äîëþ øàõòàðñüê³é ïðîôåñ³¿». Çà ï’ÿòäåñÿò ðîê³â ³ñíóâàííÿ ï³äïðèºìñòâà êðàñíîëèìàíö³ âèäîáóëè á³ëüøå 102 ì³ëüéîí³â òîíí âóã³ëëÿ, íèìè ïðîéäåíî 702 êì ã³ðíè÷èõ âèäîáóòê³â. Àáè çáàãíóòè, ìàëî öå ÷è áàãàòî, óÿâ³òü ñîá³ çàë³çíè÷íó êîë³þ ç íàâàíòàæåíèìè âóã³ëëÿì âàãîíàìè çàâäîâæêè 22 òèñÿ÷³ ê³ëîìåòð³â àáî, ñêàæ³ìî, òóíåëü, äîâæèíà ÿêîãî äîð³âíþº â³äñòàí³ â³ä Ï³âí³÷íîãî äî Ï³âäåííîãî ïîëþñà... Ñüîãîäí³ øàõòà «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà» ïîñ³äàº îäíå ç ïðîâ³äíèõ ì³ñöü ñåðåä ã³ðíè÷îâèäîáóâíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ Óêðà¿íè. Çâèòÿæíà ïðàöÿ òðóäîâîãî êîëåêòèâó âøàíîâàíà áàãàòüìà ïî÷åñíèìè ðåã³îíàëüíèìè, âñåóêðà¿íñüêèìè òà ì³æíàðîäíèìè â³äçíàêàìè. Íà ðàõóíêó êðàñíîëèìàíö³â — âñåñîþçí³ òà ñâ³òîâ³ ðåêîðäè âóãëåäîáóâàííÿ. Ñ³ì ðàç³â ç îäí³º¿ ëàâè øàõòàð³ âèäîáóâàëè ïî ì³ëüéîíó òîíí âóã³ëëÿ çà ð³ê, áàãàòî ðàç³â ñòàâàëè ðåêîðäñìåíàìè ó ïðîõ³äö³.

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Çèíîâ³é Ïàñòåðíàê ç Ë³ë³ºþ Ï³äêîïàºâîþ Ïðàöÿ äî ñüîìîãî ïîòó, â³äïîâ³äàëüíèé òà òâîð÷èé ï³äõ³ä äî âèêîíàííÿ ïîñòàâëåíèõ çàâäàíü, ïîñò³éíèé ðóõ óïåðåä — ñàìå òàê³ îð³ºíòèðè ïðîòÿãîì ï’ÿòäåñÿòè ðîê³â âåëè òðóäîâèé êîëåêòèâ êðàñíîëèìàíö³â äî óñï³õó.

ëå áóëè é ³íø³ ÷àñè. Ó ðîêè ïåðåáóäîâè øàõòà ðîçãóáèëà ìàéæå âñå, ùî íàêîïè÷óâàëîñÿ äåñÿòèð³÷÷ÿìè. Àâàð³éí³ñòü, áðàê êîøò³â, íåâèïëàòè çàðîá³òíî¿ ïëàòè, ñòðàéêè — óñ³ ö³ á³äè ñï³òêàëè âóã³ëüíó ãàëóçü, çîêðåìà é «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêó». Ïðèéíÿâ øàõòó Çèíîâ³é Ãðèãîðîâè÷ 1995 ðîêó. Öå áóëè ÷àñè íåñòàá³ëüíîñò³ ³ îáâàëó âóã³ëüíî¿ ïðîìèñëîâîñò³. Àëå çàâäÿêè ñâî¿ì âèñîêèì ïðîôåñ³éíèì çíàííÿì, âäàëîìó êåðóâàííþ, ö³ëåñïðÿìîâàíîñò³ òà âåëèê³é ïðàöåëþáíîñò³ Ïàñòåðíàêîâ³ âäàëîñÿ ï³äíÿòè âèðîáíèöòâî, çä³éñíèòè òåõí³÷íå ïåðåîñíàùåííÿ ï³äïðèºìñòâà, ñòàá³ë³çóâàòè ïîòóæí³ñòü øàõòè òà çàáåçïå÷èòè ùîð³÷íèé ïðèð³ñò âóãëåâèäîáóòêó. Ç éîãî ïðèõîäîì íà ï³äïðèºìñòâ³ ïî÷àëè âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè ïåðåäîâ³

òåõíîëîã³¿, áóëî âïðîâàäæåíî íàéñó÷àñí³øå â³ò÷èçíÿíå é ³íîçåìíå îñíàùåííÿ, ïåðåîáëàäíàíî óñ³ î÷èñí³ òà ï³äãîòîâ÷³ âèáî¿, øàõòîâèé òðàíñïîðò. Àáè íå äîïóñòèòè çàêðèòòÿ øàõòè, Çèíîâ³þ Ãðèãîðîâè÷ó äîâåëîñÿ äîêëàñòè ÷èìàëî çóñèëü ³ åíåðã³¿, â³äíàéòè íîâ³ ôîðìè îðãàí³çàö³¿ âèðîáíè÷îãî ïðîöåñó. ² «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà» îæèëà, çàïðàöþâàëà. Áóêâàëüíî ÷åðåç ð³ê êîëåêòèâ âèéøîâ íà ð³âåíü ð³÷íîãî âèäîáóòêó âóã³ëëÿ — 2 ìëí òîíí. ² ùîðîêó öåé ïîêàçíèê çðîñòàâ. Íàéâèùèé ïîêàçíèê ó 3,3 ìëí òîíí áóëî âèäîáóòî ó 2001 ðîö³. Ï³ä êåð³âíèöòâîì Ïàñòåðíàêà ï³äïðèºìñòâî ðåîðãàí³çóâàëè. ² ÷àñ ï³äòâåðäèâ ïðàâèëüí³ñòü óñ³õ ïðèéíÿòèõ ð³øåíü: íèí³ âóã³ëüíà êîìïàí³ÿ ïðàöþº ñòàá³ëüíî, áåç çáî¿â ³ äîäàòêîâèõ âèòðàò, îòðèìóº ïðîäóêö³þ âèñîêî¿ ÿêîñò³. Ñüîãîäí³ «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà» âèäàº íà-ãîðà äî 2,0 ìëí òîíí âóã³ëëÿ íà ð³ê. Ï³äïðèºìñòâî íå ìàº çàáîðãîâàíîñò³ ç áþäæåòíèõ ³ ïîçàáþäæåòíèõ ôîíä³â. Íà âèñîêîìó ð³âí³ ï³äòðèìóþòü ñîö³àëüíó ñôåðó.

Thoughts about the mining profession on an Anniversary The general director of «Krasnolymanska», walking along the streets of his native town, always meets people who smile at him, wish him good health, shake hands sincerely with him and thank him for caring about the miners’ families. «Our chief!» — This is how miners refer to Zynovii Grygorovych Pasternak. And it is not an exaggeration, because the mine «Krasnolymanska» is a town-building enterprise of Rodynske. It is good for the town if business at the mine is going well. As a result, not only the miners and the workers of the factory are enriched, but all the citizens can be sure of their future. It is important, especially now, when the economy of Ukraine is already influenced by the world’s financial crisis. «It is OK, we have coped with bigger problems. And we’ll overcome this crisis», Zynovii Grygorovych is sure. He is an optimist, that’s why he has never complained about his life. «To want means to do» is the credo of the general director of «Krasnolymanska». He is not used to waiting for luck. «Everything depends on us», says Pasternak, «or to say it better recollections in people’s memory. To my mind, that’s why I devoted my life to the profession of mining». During the enterprise’s 50-years of existence the workers of «Krasnolymanska» have mined more than 102 million tons of coal and have tunneled 702km. In order to realize how much it is imagine a railway with carriages full of coal 22 thousand kilometers long or, for example, a tunnel with a distance from the North Pole to the South Pole. Today the mine «Krasnolymanska» is one of best mining enterprises in Ukraine. The hard work of the staff is honored by many regional, Ukrainian and international awards. «Krasnolymanska» has broken world records; the miners have seven times mined from the same seam 1 million tones per year. Hard work, responsible and creative ap-

proaches to doing the work, constant movement forward — all these guiding lines have been leading the staff of the enterprise to success for fifty years. But there were also other times. During Perestroika the mine lost almost everything which it had been storing up for decades. The accident rate, lack of money, non-payment of salaries — all these things happened to the mining industry, and in particular with «Krasnolymanska». Zynovii Grygorovych headed the mine in 1995. It was a time of instability and the collapse of the coal industry. But owing to his high professional skills, successful management, persistence and industry Pasternak managed to increase the production, to introduce new equipment, to stabilize the power of the mine and increase the mining of coal .He introduced up-to-date Ukrainian and foreign technologies and transport for mines. To avoid closing the mine Zynovii Grygorovych had to try to find new forms of organization for the production process. And «Krasnolymanska» was revived. In a year the collective mined 2 million tonnes. And this index was increased. The highest index — 3,3 million tonnes was in 2001. The enterprise was reorganized. All

decisions made were the right ones, because now the coal company was working firmly, without additional expenses, getting high-quality products. Now «Krasnolymanska» is mining about 2 million tonnes of coal per year. The enterprise does not have any debts in budget and extra-budget funds. The social sphere is at a high level. In 2004 Zynovii Grygorovych put into operation the first starter with a project output 1m tonnes. In 2007 the mining of coal was 1.5 mln tonnes per year. This year the second starter with output of 2 mln tonnes was put into operation. In order to be managed more efficiently the enterprise was equipped with a system of automatic time registration. There is an autosystem of registration of electric power, the project of using mine water for industrial and everyday use and a project of utilizing methane for the heating needs of the boiler-house function (work). But Pasternak considers that his biggest success is the opening of the mine «Krasnolymanska-Glyboka». A similar case, when one mine builds another mine from its own money, does not exist in the world. Nowadays nobody talks about closing the mine; everybody talks only about its efficient work in the future. Owing to the inexhaustible energy and adherence to principles of Zynovii Pasternak the building of the new mine (with projected output of 5 mln tonnes of coal) was initiated. Now the staff of «Krasnolymanska» are working there at the new mine. The main part of the coal, mined during the first half of this year, was mined in «Krasnolymanska-Glyboka».

ÎÑÎÁÈÑÒ²ÑÒÜ PERSONALITY

³ä êåð³âíèöòâîì Çèíîâ³ÿ Ãðèãîðîâè÷à ó 2004 ðîö³ áóëî ââåäåíî â åêñïëóàòàö³þ ïåðøèé ïóñêîâèé êîìïëåêñ íîâî¿ øàõòè «ÊðàñíîëèìàíñüêàÃëèáîêà» ð³÷íîþ ïîòóæí³ñòþ 1 ìëí òîíí. Çà 2007 ð³ê òóò âèäîáóòîê âóã³ëëÿ ñÿãíóâ 1,5 ìëí òîíí. Ó 2007 ðîö³ ââåäåíî â åêñïëóàòàö³þ ïåðøó ÷åðãó äðóãîãî ïóñêîâîãî êîìïëåêñó ç ïîòóæí³ñòþ 2 ìëí òîíí. Äëÿ åôåêòèâí³øîãî óïðàâë³ííÿ ï³äïðèºìñòâî îáëàäíàëè ñèñòåìîþ àâòîìàòèçîâàíîãî òàáåëüíîãî îáë³êó. Ä³º àâòîñèñòåìà îáë³êó åëåêòðîåíåðã³¿, ðåàë³çîâàíî ïðîåêò ñïîæèâàííÿ øàõòíî¿ âîäè äëÿ âèðîáíè÷èõ òà ïîáóòîâèõ ïîòðåá, âïðîâàäæåíî ïðîåêò óòèë³çàö³¿ ìåòàíó íà ïîòðåáè êîòåëüí³. Àëå íàéá³ëüøèì ñâî¿ì óñï³õîì Ïàñòåðíàê ââàæàº â³äêðèòòÿ øàõòè «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà-Ãëèáîêà». Òàêî¿ ïðàêòèêè, êîëè øàõòà áóäóº øàõòó, ïðè÷îìó çà ñâî¿ êðîâí³ (äëÿ ÷îãî áóëî ðîçðîáëåíî äåñÿòü ³íâåñòèö³éíèõ ïðîåêò³â çàãàëüíîþ âàðò³ñòþ 105 ìëí äîëàð³â), ó ñâ³ò³ íå ³ñíóº. Íèí³ ïðî çàêðèòòÿ «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêî¿» íå éäåòüñÿ — âñ³ ãîâîðÿòü ëèøå ïðî ¿¿ åôåêòèâíó ðîáîòó íà áàãàòî äåñÿòèð³÷ óïåðåä. Çàâäÿêè íåâè÷åðïí³é åíåðã³¿ ³ ïðèíöèïîâîñò³ Çèíîâ³ÿ Ãðèãîðîâè÷à, áóä³âíèöòâî íîâî¿ øàõòè (ç ïðîåêòíîþ ïîòóæí³ñòþ 5 ìëí òîíí âóã³ëëÿ) áóëî âíåñåíî äî ïðîãðàìè äåðæàâíîãî áóä³âíèöòâà. ² ñüîãîäí³ íà íîâ³é øàõò³ ïðàöþþòü âèäîáóâí³ ³ ïðîõ³äí³ êîëåêòèâè «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêî¿», â³äïðàöüîâóþòü îäíî÷àñíî òðè ëàâè. Á³ëüøà ÷àñòèíà âèäîáóòîãî â ïåðøîìó ï³âð³÷÷³ 2008 ðîêó âóã³ëëÿ âèäàíî ñàìå ç «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêî¿-Ãëèáîêî¿». Ï³äïðèºìñòâî çàáåçïå÷óº ðîáîòîþ 5 òèñÿ÷ ïðàö³âíèê³â. Çàðîá³òíà ïëàòíà òóò — íàéâèùà ñåðåä óñ³õ ï³äïðèºìñòâ äåðæàâíîãî ñåêòîðà âóã³ëüíî¿ ãàëóç³ Óêðà¿íè. Çà ð³âíåì çàðîá³òê³â «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà» îá³éøëà íàâ³òü øàõòó ³ìåí³ Çàñÿäüêà, ÿêà ìàº íåäåðæàâíó ôîðìó âëàñíîñò³, ³ ìîæå ñêëàñòè ã³äíó êîíêóðåíö³þ íåäåðæàâíèì âóãëåäîáóâíèì êîìïàí³ÿì, çîêðåìà òàêèì, ÿê «Êðàñíîàðì³éñüêàÇàõ³äíà ¹1» òà «Êîìñîìîëåöü Äîíáàñó». Íà ñüîãîäí³ «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà» — ºäèíå ï³äïðèºìñòâî ãàëóç³, íà ÿêîìó ñóòòºâî çá³ëüøåíî òàðèôí³ ñòàâêè ïðàö³âíèê³â ïðîâ³äíèõ ïðîôåñ³é íà 30% ³ ââåäåíî ðåã³îíàëüíèé êîåô³ö³ºíò. Çèíîâ³é Ïàñòåðíàê âïåâíåíèé, ùî 50 ðîê³â äëÿ «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêî¿» — öå ëèøå ïî÷àòîê íîâîãî øëÿõó. Îêð³ì ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ âèðîáíèöòâà, íà ï³äïðèºìñòâ³ çä³éñíåíî äîêîð³ííó ðåêîíñòðóêö³þ ³ êàï³òàëüíèé ðåìîíò êîìïëåêñó ïîâåðõí³, çâåäåíî ñó÷àñíó áóä³âëþ ïðîõ³äíî¿, àâòîáóñíó çóïèí-

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Ïàñòåðíàê òà ñïîðòñìåíè-äçþäî¿ñòè. Íàãîðîäæåííÿ äî 50-ð³÷÷ÿ øàõòè êó, àâòîçàïðàâíó ñòàíö³þ, íîâèé ìåäïóíêò. Óñÿ øàõòîâà òåðèòîð³ÿ ï³ñëÿ ðåêîíñòðóêö³¿ ðàäóº ïðàö³âíèê³â ÷èñòîòîþ òà äîãëÿíóò³ñòþ. Çàâåðøóþòüñÿ ðîáîòè ç ðåìîíòó ¿äàëüí³, ÿêó òàêîæ áóäå ìîäåðí³çîâàíî ³ çîâí³, ³ âñåðåäèí³. Òóò çàì³íÿòü óñå êóõîâàðñüêå íà÷èííÿ òà ìåáë³.

èí³ íà ï³äïðèºìñòâ³ ïðàöþº 240 ðîá³òíèê³â â³êîì äî 20 ðîê³â. Öå ìîëîäü, ÿêà ò³ëüêè-íî ðîçïî÷èíàº òðóäîâèé øëÿõ. Ñåðåä íèõ ã³ðíè÷³ ïðàö³âíèêè, ìàøèí³ñòè ï³äçåìíèõ óñòàíîâîê, åëåêòðîñëþñàð³ â î÷èñíèõ çàáîÿõ, åëåêòðîçâàðíèêè. Ñåðåäí³é æå â³ê êîëåêòèâó — 35 ðîê³â. Åôåêòèâí³ñòü ðîáîòè âóã³ëüíî¿ êîìïàí³¿ â ìàéáóòíüîìó, ïåðåêîíàíèé Çèíîâ³é Ãðèãîðîâè÷, áàãàòî â ÷îìó çàëåæèòü â³ä ïðîôåñ³éíî¿ ï³äãîòîâêè ìîëîä³, ÿêà ïðèõîäèòü íà çì³íó íèí³øí³ì ã³ðíÿêàì. Â³í ÷àñòî ïîâòîðþº, ùî íå òåõí³êà, à êàäðè «âèð³øóþòü óñå». Íà òë³ êàäðîâîãî ãîëîäó ó âóã³ëüí³é ïðîìèñëîâîñò³, ïàä³ííÿ ïðåñòèæíîñò³ øàõòàðñüêî¿ ïðàö³ íà «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüê³é» ðîçðîáëåíî ñïåö³àëüíó ïðîãðàìó, çà ÿêîþ çä³éñíþºòüñÿ íàâ÷àííÿ ñòóäåíò³â ó âèùèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäàõ ç ã³ðíè÷èõ ñïåö³àëüíîñòåé, âèïëà÷óºòüñÿ ñòèïåíä³ÿ ñòóäåíòàì-â³äì³ííèêàì. Ï³äâèùóþòü êâàë³ô³êàö³þ àáî ïåðåêâàë³ô³êîâóþòüñÿ ïðàö³âíèêè íà áàç³ âëàñíîãî ó÷áîâîãî ïóíêòó. Øàõòàð³â íàâ÷àþòü óïðàâëÿòè òåõí³êîþ, ÿêà ò³ëüêè-

íî íàäõîäèòü íà ï³äïðèºìñòâî. Íàâ³òü ðîçðîáèëè òà íàäðóêóâàëè ìåòîäè÷êè ç îáñëóãîâóâàííÿ íîâî¿ òåõí³êè. Îñê³ëüêè «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà» — ì³ñòîòâîðíå ï³äïðèºìñòâî, ÷èìàëó óâàãó íà øàõò³ ïðèä³ëÿþòü âèð³øåííþ ñîö³àëüíèõ ïèòàíü. Äáàþòü ïðî ñâî¿õ ïåíñ³îíåð³â, ïðî çâè÷àéíèõ æèòåë³â ì³ñòà Ðîäèíñüêå. Îðãàí³çîâàíî ë³òí³é â³äïî÷èíîê ³ îçäîðîâëåííÿ ïðàö³âíèê³â ó ñàíàòîð³ÿõ ³ ïðîô³ëàêòîð³ÿõ Óêðà¿íè. Âëàñíèì êîøòîì êîìïàí³ÿ óòðèìóº ÄÊ «Øàõòàð», ñàíàòîð³é-ïðîô³ëàêòîð³é «Ïðîì³íü» ó Ðîäèíñüêîìó, äâ³ áàçè â³äïî÷èíêó â ñåëèù³ Óðçóô íà áåðåç³ Àçîâñüêîãî ìîðÿ òà ó Ñâÿòîã³ð’¿. Ïðîòÿãîì ðîêó ó ñàíàòîð³¿-ïðîô³ëàêòîð³¿ «Ïðîì³íü», îáëàäíàíîìó ñó÷àñíèì áàëüíåîëîã³÷íèì êîìïëåêñîì, ë³êóâàëüíèìè âàííàìè òà òðåíàæåðàìè, ìîæóòü îçäîðîâëþâàòèñÿ é íàáèðàòèñÿ ñèë áëèçüêî òèñÿ÷³ øàõòàð³â ³ ÷ëåí³â ¿õí³õ ðîäèí. Êåð³âíèöòâî ï³äïðèºìñòâà çàáåçïå÷óº äîñòîéí³ óìîâè æèòòÿ êîæíîìó ÷ëåíó òðóäîâîãî êîëåêòèâó. Òóò äáàþòü ³ ïðî íèí³øí³õ ïðàö³âíèê³â, ³ ïðî òèõ, õòî ïðèéäå ¿ì íà çì³íó. Êîìïàí³ÿ îïëà÷óº íàâ÷àííÿ ä³òåé ñï³âðîá³òíèê³â ó íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäàõ, íàäàº ñòóäåíòàì îïëà÷óâàí³ â³äïóñòêè íà ÷àñ ñêëàäàííÿ ñåñ³é, à ìîëîäèì ôàõ³âöÿì — êðåäèò íà ïðèäáàííÿ æèòëà. Âèñîêèé ïîòåíö³àë êîìïàí³¿ íàëåæíèì ÷èíîì íåîäíîðàçîâî áóëî â³äçíà÷åíî â³äîìèìè ì³æíàðîäíèìè òà â³ò÷èçíÿíèìè îðãàí³çàö³ÿìè. Çèíîâ³é Ïàñòåðíàê çà äî-

ñÿãíåííÿ âèñîêèõ ïîêàçíèê³â ç âèäîáóòêó âóã³ëëÿ òà çíà÷íèé îñîáèñòèé âíåñîê ó ï³äâèùåííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ ï³äïðèºìñòâà ³ ðîçáóäîâó ñîö³àëüíî¿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè áóâ íàãîðîäæåíèé îðäåíîì «Çà çàñëóãè» ², ²² òà ²²² ñòóïåí³â. Â³í º ïîâíèì êàâàëåðîì â³äîì÷îãî íàãðóäíîãî çíàêà «Øàõòàðñüêà ñëàâà» òà «Øàõòàðñüêà äîáëåñòü». Â³äçíà÷åíèé îðäåíàìè «Çà òðóäîâ³ äîñÿãíåííÿ» ²V ñòóïåíÿ, «Ñóñï³ëüíå âèçíàííÿ» ² òà ²² ñòóïåí³â, «Çà ðîçáóäîâó Óêðà¿íè» ³ì. Ì.Ãðóøåâñüêîãî, Çîëîòèì îðäåíîì Ìàëüò³éñüêèõ ëèöàð³â, Ñâÿòîãî Ìèêîëè ×óäîòâîðöÿ, Êîðîëåâè Â³êòîð³¿, Ñâÿòèõ Ïåòðà ³ Ïàâëà, îòðèìàâ áëàãîñëîâåííÿ Ïàïè Ðèìñüêîãî ²îàííà Ïàâëà Äðóãîãî, à òàêîæ íàãîðîäæåíèé â³äçíàêîþ ì³æíàðîäíî¿ ªâðîïåéñüêî¿ á³çíåñ-àêàäåì³¿ «Ëàâðè Ñëàâè», º Íàðîäíèì ïîñëîì Óêðà¿íè. Òðóäîâó ä³ÿëüí³ñòü Çèíîâ³é Ãðèãîðîâè÷ óñï³øíî ïîºäíóº ç ãðîìàäñüêîþ. Ç 1998 ðîêó â³í º äåïóòàòîì Äîíåöüêî¿ îáëàñíî¿ ðàäè. Çàâäÿêè ï³äòðèìö³ ãåíåðàëüíîãî äèðåêòîðà øàõòè â ðåã³îí³ ïðàöþº Ôåäåðàö³ÿ ñàìáî òà äçþäî, ïðîòÿãîì äåñÿòè ðîê³â âóã³ëüíà êîìïàí³ÿ º ñïîíñîðîì Ì³æíàðîäíîãî òóðí³ðó íà Êóáîê «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêî¿» ç äçþäî. Âåëèêó óâàãó êîìïàí³ÿ ïðèä³ëÿº âèõîâàííþ ìîëîä³, âèñòóïàþ÷è îðãàí³çàòîðîì îáëàñíèõ ôåñòèâàë³â òâîð÷îñò³ «Ïëàñò äóø³ øàõòàðñüêî¿», «ªäèíà äîëÿ», âèïóñêàº äèòÿ÷³ æóðíàëè «Þíêîð», «Êðàñíîëèìàí÷èê», íàäàº ô³íàíñîâó äîïîìîãó ë³êàðí³, äèòÿ÷èì ñàäêàì, øêîëàì òà áóäèíêó³íòåðíàòó ì³ñò Êðàñíîàðì³éñüêà òà Ðîäèíñüêîãî. Ïàñòåðíàêà ïîâàæàþòü íà Äîíáàñ³. Â³ääàþòü íàëåæíå ö³é âèäàòí³é ëþäèí³ ä³ëîâ³ êîëà ÿê â Óêðà¿í³, òàê ³ çà ¿¿ ìåæàìè. Ï³äãîòóâàëà Ê³ðà ØÏÀÍÜÊÎ ÄÏ «Âóã³ëüíà êîìïàí³ÿ «Êðàñíîëèìàíñüêà»» çàïðîøóº äî ñï³âïðàö³ ÿê â³ò÷èçíÿíèõ, òàê ³ çàêîðäîííèõ ³íâåñòîð³â íà âçàºìîâèã³äíèõ óìîâàõ. Àäðåñà: Óêðà¿íà, 85310, Äîíåöüêà îáëàñòü, ì. Ðîäèíñüêå. Å-mail: info@shkl.dn.ua Òåë.: +38 (06239) 2-00-59 Ôàêñ: +38 (06239) 6-43-08 State enterprise ‘Coal company ‘Krasnolymanska’’ will be happy to work with Ukrainian and foreign investors for the mutual benefit of all. Address: Ukraine, 85310, Donetsk Region, Rodynske, E-mail: info@shkl.dn.ua Tel: +38 (06239) 2-00-59 Fax: +38 (06239) 6-43-08

There are 5 thousand workers at the enterprise. Their salaries are the highest among all state coal companies in Ukraine. The level of salaries at «Krasnolymanska» is higher than at the mine named by Zasiadko, which is a very competitive non-state mine. Now «Krasnolymanska» has had the salaries increased by 30% for the main professions and the regional coefficient brought in. Zynovii Pasternak is sure that the 50 years of «Krasnolymanska» is only the beginning of a new way. In addition to the modernization of production, there was also a reconstruction and repair of the complex on the surface, a new modern check-point, a bus stop, a petrol station and a new first-aid station were built. The whole territory of the mine looks clean and nice. Repair of the canteen is being finished, which will be modernized inside and outside. 240 workers under 20 are working at the enterprise now. They are young people who are only beginning their careers. There are some miners, machinists of underground equipment and electrical engineers among them. The average age of the staff is 35. Zynovii Pasternak is sure that Coal Company’s effectiveness in the future depends on the professionalism of the youths who replace today’s minors. He often repeats that the staff and not the equipment, «decides everything». Because of a lack of staff in the coal industry a special program exists at «Krasnolymanska» in order to educate students in mining specialties. The workers can increase their qualifications or get another qualification at the educational centre. Miners are taught how to use modern equipment; they are even given some books with instructions. «Krasnolymanska» is a town-creating enterprise, that’s why it has paid a lot of attention to social problems at the mine. It has cared for their retired people and the ordinary citizens of the town Rodynske. Summer holidays for the workers are organized at different sanatoriums in Ukraine. The company has got its own sanatorium «Promin» («A Ray»), two rest centres in Urzuf by the Azov Sea and in Sviatogo-

rya. During the year thousands of miners and their families can regain their health at the sanatorium «Promin» in Rodynske. The direction of the enterprise provides good life conditions for each member of the staff. It cares about today’s workers and about the future generations. The company pays for the children of the workers to study and gives payable vacations for the time of exams to the students and credits to young workers for buying flats. The high potential of the company was pointed out by well-known international and Ukrainian organizations. Zynovii Pastyrnak for his achievements of the high levels of coal mining and personal contribution to the increase of the efficiency of the enterprise and building of the social infrastructure was conferred a decoration «For Contributions» of I, II and III degrees. He is a holder of the orders «Miner’s Fame» and «Miner’s Courage», «For Achievements in Work» of IV degree, the Golden Order of the Knights of Malta, the orders of St. Mykola the Miracle-Creator, of queen Victoria, of St. Petro and Pavlo, he was blessed by the Pope Ioann Pavlo II and won the award of the international European business-academy «Lavra of Fame», he is a national ambassador of Ukraine. Zynovii Pastyrnak combines his work and civil careers. Since 1998 he has been a deputy of the Donetsk Regional Soviet. Due to the support of the general director of the mine the Federations of Judo and unarmed combat now exist there in the region. The company pays attention to the upbringing of local youth, organizes the regional festivals ‘Layer of a miner’s soul’ and ‘One fate’, edits the magazines for children ‘Junkor’ ‘Krasnolimanchik’, gives financial help to hospitals, kindergartens, schools and boarding schools in Krasnoarmisk and Rodynske. Pasternak is greatly respected by all the people in the Donbas region and by Ukrainian and foreign businessmen. Prepared by Kira SPANKO

ÎÑÎÁÈÑÒ²ÑÒÜ PERSONALITY

Взірець діалогу в нинішньому світі ²ÍÒÅËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÈÉ ÐÓÕ ÒÓÐÅÖÜÊÎÃÎ ÌÈÑËÈÒÅËß ÔÅÒÕÓËËÀÕÀ ¥ÞËÅÍÀ É ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÑÜÊÈÉ ÄÓÕÎÂÍÈÉ ÄÎÑÂ²Ä

ñíîâíà ðèñà öüîãî ïîäâèæíèêà, ÿêà âèð³çíÿº éîãî ñåðåä ³íøèõ ðåë³ã³éíèõ ë³äåð³â òà ô³ëîñîô³â-³íòåëåêòóàë³â ñó÷àñíîñò³ , — öå éîãî âåëèêà àêòèâí³ñòü. Ñâ³òîâà ñï³ëüíîòà ä³çíàëàñÿ ïðî íüîãî ïåðåäóñ³ì ÷åðåç â³äêðèò³ çà éîãî ³í³ö³àòèâîþ îñâ³òí³ óñòàíîâè, ÿê³ ä³þòü åôåêòèâíî é ðîçâèâàþòüñÿ øâèäêèìè òåìïàìè. Â³í íåïîì³òíî âëèâñÿ â ñâ³òîâó îñâ³òíþ ìåðåæó é îäðàçó çàñÿÿâ ó í³é ÿñêðàâîþ ç³ðêîþ. Ñåðåä óñüîãî ðîçìà¿òòÿ ð³çíèõ ðåë³ã³éíèõ, êóëüòóðíèõ òà ãðîìàäñüêèõ ñòðóêòóð îñâ³òí³ óñòàíîâè ¥þëåíà ïîêàçàëè íàäçâè÷àéíèé óñï³õ ³ çäàòí³ñòü äî àäàïòàö³¿ â ð³çíèõ óìîâàõ. Íà ïî÷àòêó ñâîº¿ àêòèâíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ âåëèêèé ìèñëèòåëü íå ïðèâåðíóâ äî ñåáå øèðîêî¿ óâàãè. Ïðè÷èíîþ öüîìó áóëè, øâèäøå çà âñå, ïðèðîäíà ñêðîìí³ñòü ³ íåáàæàííÿ äî ïîïóëÿðíîñò³ é ñëàâè. Îäíàê ³íòåëåêòóàëüíå ñåðåäîâèùå íåâäîâç³ â³äêðèëî öþ ïðîñòó é íåïðåòåíç³éíó ëþäèíó. Çà êîðîòêèé ÷àñ öåé ñêðîìíèé ó÷åíèé, ÿêèé âèâ³â îñâ³òó íà ð³âåíü íàéâàæëèâ³øèõ ïîòðåá ñó÷àñíîãî ñâ³òó, ïðèâåðíóâ äî ñåáå óâàãó âñüîãî ³íòåëåêòóàëüíîãî ñåðåäîâèùà é çàëó÷èâ äî ö³º¿ ïðîáëåìè íàóêîâ³ êîëà, à éîãî îñîáà òà ïîãëÿäè ñòàëè òåìîþ áàãàòüîõ êîíôåðåíö³é ³ ñèìïîç³óì³â. Ö³ ñèìïîç³óìè ñòàëè ïðèñâÿ÷óâàòè éîãî ãëèáîêî ³íòåëåêòóàëüí³é îñîáèñòîñò³, éîãî ³íäèâ³äóàëüíîìó ñâ³òîâ³ òà óñàì³òíåíîìó ñïîñîáó æèòòÿ. Âðåøò³-ðåøò ¥þëåí ñòàâ ïåðøèì ó ðåéòèíãó «100 æèâèõ ³íòåëåêòóàë³â ñâ³òó», îðãàí³çîâàíîìó àìåðèêàíñüêèì æóðíàëîì «Foreign Policy». Öåé ðåéòèíã ïîêàçàâ, ÿê ïèëüíî ñâ³òîâå ñï³âòîâàðèñòâî é ³íòåëåêòóàëüíå ñåðåäîâèùå

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Ôåòõóëëàõ ¥þëåí (íàðîäèâñÿ 1941 ð. íà ñõîä³ Òóðå÷÷èíè) — âåëèêèé ìèñëèòåëü, ó÷åíèé, ô³ëîñîô ñó÷àñíîñò³, íàä³ëåíèé íàéãëèáøèì ïîãëÿäîì íà æèòòÿ ñåðåä óñ³õ ïðåäñòàâíèê³â ðåë³ã³éíî¿ é ô³ëîñîôñüêî¿ äóìêè Òóðå÷÷èíè. ¥þëåí òàêîæ âèçíàíèé ðåë³ã³éíèé àâòîðèòåò, îñê³ëüêè â³í çäîáóâ îñâ³òó ïåðåäóñ³ì ó êëàñè÷íèõ ³ñëàìñüêèõ ìåäðåñå. Çàâäÿêè ñâîºìó äóõîâíîìó ïîäâèæíèöòâó ìèñëèòåëü ñòàâ îäíèì ³ç ë³äåð³â ô³ëîñîôñüêèõ òà ³íòåëåêòóàëüíèõ ðóõ³â îñòàíí³õ ñòîë³òü. Ïåðø çà âñå ¥þëåí — öå äóõîâíà îñîáèñò³ñòü. Â îñíîâ³ éîãî ðîçóì³ííÿ ³ñëàìó é ðåë³ã³¿ âçàãàë³ — ãëèáîêå ïî÷óòòÿ ëþáîâ³ é ïîâàãè äî áóäü-ÿêî¿ ³ñòîòè, ñòâîðåíî¿ Àëëàõîì. Â åïîõó ðîçâèòêó ñóñï³ëüíî¿ äóìêè é çäàòíîñò³ äî óçàãàëüíþþ÷îãî ìèñëåííÿ ¥þëåí ñòàâ çàñíîâíèêîì ³ íàéãîëîâí³øèì ïðåäñòàâíèêîì øèðîêîãî ðóõó ä³àëîãó é òîëåðàíòíîñò³. ¥þëåí ñòàâ ïåðøèì ó ðåéòèíãó «100 æèâèõ ³íòåëåêòóàë³â ñâ³òó», îðãàí³çîâàíîìó àìåðèêàíñüêèì æóðíàëîì «Foreign Policy». ñòåæàòü çà ¥þëåíîì ³ éîãî ä³ÿëüí³ñòþ. Àëå ÿê ìîæíà îõàðàêòåðèçóâàòè ê³ëüêîìà ñëîâàìè Ôåòõóëëàõà ¥þëåíà, ÿêèé ïðèâåðíóâ óâàãó é ³íòåðåñ øèðîêèõ ìàñ? Ïåðø çà âñå ¥þëåí — öå äóõîâíà îñîáèñò³ñòü. Â îñíîâ³ éîãî ðîçóì³ííÿ ³ñëàìó é ðåë³ã³¿ âçàãàë³ — ãëèáîêå ïî÷óòòÿ ëþáîâ³ é ïîâàãè äî áóäü-ÿêî¿ ³ñòîòè, ñòâîðåíî¿ Àëëàõîì. Éîãî äóøåâí³ñòü ³ ñåðäå÷í³ñòü ñòàëè ïðè÷èíîþ ðîçâèòêó â íüîìó íåéìîâ³ðíî¿ çäàòíîñò³ äî ä³àëîãó ç ³íøèìè ðåë³ã³ÿìè é öèâ³ë³çàö³ÿìè. Â³í ñòàâ ïåðøîïðîõ³äöåì øèðîêîìàñøòàáíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ â ãàëóç³ ä³àëîãó ç ïðåäñòàâíèêàìè ³íøèõ ðåë³ã³é ó òóðåöüêîìó ñóñï³ëüñòâ³, â ÿêîìó äîâã³ ñòîë³òòÿ ïåðåâàæàëî ìóñóëüìàíñüêå íàñåëåííÿ. ¥þëåíîâ³ çóñòð³÷³ ç ë³äåðîì êàòîëèöüêîãî ñâ³òó Ïàïîþ ²âàíîì Ïàâëîì II, ãîëîâíèì ñåôàðäñüêèì ðàáèíîì ²çðà¿ëþ Åë³ÿõó Áàêø³-Äîðîíîì, Ïàòð³àðõîì Êîíñòàíòèíîïîëüñüêèì Ïðàâîñëàâíî¿ öåðêâè Âàðôîëîì³ºì, Â³ðìåíñüêèì Ïàòð³àðõîì Êàðåê³íîì òà ë³äåðàìè ³íøèõ ãðîìàä çíàéøëè â³äãóê ó ñóñï³ëüñòâ³ é ï³äãî-

òóâàëè ôóíäàìåíò äëÿ ò³ñíî¿ ñï³âïðàö³ ãðîìàä. ×åðåç öå ¥þëåí ñòàâ íàéóëþáëåí³øèì ³ íàéøàíîâàí³øèì ä³ÿ÷åì ñåðåä ë³äåð³â ³ ÷ëåí³â ³íøèõ ðåë³ã³éíèõ ãðîìàä. Ó ðåë³ã³éíèõ ïîãëÿäàõ ¥þëåíà íåìàº ì³ñöÿ æîðñòîêîñò³, åêñòðåì³çìó é íàñèëüñòâó. Â³í àêöåíòóº íà òîìó, ùî ïîä³áí³ ïîíÿòòÿ ñóïåðå÷àòü ñàì³é ñóò³ ³ñëàìó. Ñòâåðäæóþ÷è, ùî ³ñëàì í³êîëè íå äîçâîëÿâ çàñòîñóâàííÿ ñèëè, ¥þëåí ïåðøèé ç ³ñëàìñüêèõ â÷åíèõ â³äðåàãóâàâ íà òåðàêò 11 âåðåñíÿ é òðàã³÷í³ ïîä³¿ â Áåñëàí³. Ó ñâî¿õ ³íòåðâ’þ é òâîðàõ â³í ñòâåðäæóº: «Âáèâñòâî îäíîãî íåâèííîãî ñòâîð³ííÿ åêâ³âàëåíòíå âáèâñòâó âñüîãî ëþäñòâà», — ³ çàÿâëÿº, ùî â òåðîðèçì³ º ïðîâèíà âñüîãî ëþäñòâà. Íà éîãî äóìêó, ðåë³ã³ÿ çà ñâîºþ ñóòòþ íàéá³ëüø â³ääàëåíà îä ñîö³àëüíîãî, ìîðàëüíîãî é äóõîâíîãî íàñèëüñòâà. Íàñèëüñòâî ñàìå ïî ñîá³ ðîçõîäèòüñÿ ç ñóòòþ ðåë³ã³é ³ ìåòîþ ³ñíóâàííÿ æèòòÿ íà Çåìë³. Íàéãëèáøà ì³ñ³ÿ ðåë³ã³¿ — íåñòè â ñóñï³ëüñòâî, â ñòîñóíêè ì³æ ëþäüìè ëàä, ïîì³ðêîâàí³ñòü ³ òîëåðàíòí³ñòü.

é êîíôë³êòè, ÿê³ îð³ºíòóþòüñÿ ÿê íà ñâ³òîâó ïîë³òèêó, òàê ³ íà ãðîìàäñüêó äóìêó, ïîòð³áíî ñòàâèòèñÿ ç âåëèêîþ óâàãîþ òà îáåðåæí³ñòþ. Äîñèòü ïîãëÿíóòè íà çì³íè ïîë³òè÷íî¿ ñèòóàö³¿, àáè çðîçóì³òè, ùî â ñâ³òó çîâñ³ì íå áåçõìàðí³ ïåðñïåêòèâè. ¥þëåí çà âñ³º¿ ñêëàäíîñò³ ñó÷àñíèõ ì³æíàö³îíàëüíèõ â³äíîñèí çì³ã ïðèâåðíóòè óâàãó ñâ³òîâî¿ ³íòåëåêòóàëüíî¿ åë³òè, àêòèâíî ðîçïî÷àâ øèðîêîìàñøòàáíó ä³ÿëüí³ñòü ó ñôåð³ ä³àëîãó ì³æ öèâ³ë³çàö³ÿìè. Éîãî ðóõ º âåëèêîþ ì³ñ³ºþ òâîðåííÿ ä³àëîãó â ³ì’ÿ âñüîãî ëþäñòâà.

Ôåòõóëëàõ Ãþëåí Fethullah Gulen

àñê³ëüêè ðåë³ã³éí³ ïîãëÿäè ¥þëåíà â³äêðèò³ ïðåäñòàâíèêàì ³íøèõ ðåë³ã³é, íàñò³ëüêè æ â³äêðèò³ éîãî çàãàëüíèé ³ ñîö³àëüíèé ïîãëÿäè íà ñâ³ò ïðåäñòàâíèêàì ³íøèõ êóëüòóð ³ öèâ³ë³çàö³é, áî â³í â³äñòîþº ³íòåðåñè íå ò³ëüêè ìóñóëüìàí, à âñ³õ ëþäåé. Öå, ìàáóòü, ñòàíîâèòü ãîëîâíó îñîáëèâ³ñòü éîãî ïîãëÿä³â ³ ä³ºâî¿ ìèðîòâîð÷î¿ ïîçèö³¿. Â åïîõó ðîçâèòêó ñóñï³ëüíî¿ äóìêè é çäàòíîñò³ äî óçàãàëüíþþ÷îãî ìèñëåííÿ ¥þëåí ñòàâ çàñíîâíèêîì

³ íàéãîëîâí³øèì ïðåäñòàâíèêîì øèðîêîãî ðóõó ä³àëîãó é òîëåðàíòíîñò³. Â ïåð³îä ãëîáàëüíèõ ñóïåðå÷îê ñåðåä ïðåäñòàâíèê³â ñâ³òîâî¿ ³íòåëåêòóàëüíî¿ åë³òè íà òåìó ç³òêíåííÿ öèâ³ë³çàö³é ¥þëåí çì³ã ïðàêòè÷íî ðåàë³çóâàòè ñâîþ ³äåþ ïðî ä³àëîã, â³äêðèâàþ÷è øêîëè. Ñó÷àñíèé ñâ³ò, ó ÿêîìó ç øàëåíîþ øâèäê³ñòþ ïîøèðþºòüñÿ ãëîáàë³çàö³ÿ é ïðîöâ³òàº âèðîáíèöòâî çáðî¿ ìàñîâîãî çíèùåííÿ, âæå íå çìîæå âèíåñòè òðåòüî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè. Òîìó äî òåîð³é ïðî ç³òêíåííÿ

àéïðîìîâèñò³øèé ïîêàçíèê ô³ëîñîôñüêî¿, ³íòåëåêòóàëüíî¿ òà îñîáèñòî¿ ä³ºâîñò³ é óñï³õó ¥þëåíà — â³äêðèòòÿ çà éîãî ³í³ö³àòèâîþ â ð³çíèõ êðà¿íàõ ñâ³òó îñâ³òí³õ óñòàíîâ. Ö³ óòâîðåííÿ º îäíî÷àñíî é ÷àñòèíîþ éîãî ïîãëÿäó íà ñâ³ò, ³ ì³ñòêîì äëÿ ä³àëîãó ì³æ ïðåäñòàâíèêàìè ð³çíèõ íàðîä³â, êóëüòóð, ðåë³ã³é ³ öèâ³ë³çàö³é. Âîíè âèõîâóþòü ëþäåé, ñòóðáîâàíèõ çàãàëüíèìè ïðîáëåìàìè ñó÷àñíîñò³, ÿê³ â³ðÿòü ñàì³ é âñåëÿþòü íàä³þ â ³íøèõ ó âåëèêå ìàéáóòíº íàøî¿ ïëàíåòè. Â îñíîâ³ ¥þëåíîâîãî ïîíÿòòÿ îñâ³òè ëåæèòü éîãî ³äåÿ ïðî öþ íàäçâè÷àéíî¿ çíà÷óùîñò³ é ö³ííîñò³ âàæëèâó ñïðàâó ñó÷àñíî¿ öèâ³ë³çàö³¿. Îñâ³òà, íà éîãî äóìêó, — ïåðâèííèé çàñ³á çä³éñíåííÿ ñîö³àëüíèõ ³ ñóñï³ëüíèõ çì³í. Â³í íàïîëÿãàº íà òîìó, ùî çì³öíåííÿ é ïðîãðåñ áóäü-ÿêîãî ñóñï³ëüñòâà ìîæëèâ³ ëèøå çà óìîâè îðãàí³çàö³¿ ÿê³ñíî¿ òà åôåêòèâíî¿ îñâ³òè. Øêîëà, âèõîâàííÿ é îñâ³òà, íà éîãî ïîãëÿä, — öå âåëèê³ ö³ííîñò³. ² êîëè íåìà ãàðìîí³¿ âèõîâàííÿ â ðîäèí³, â ëþäñüêèõ ñòîñóíêàõ, òî ïîêðàùèòè, âäîñêîíàëèòè ñóñï³ëüñòâî íåìîæëèâî. Íàéñåðéîçí³øà ïðè÷èíà êðèçè ñó÷àñíî¿ öèâ³ë³çàö³¿ — â³äæèë³ é âèðîäæóâàí³ ìåòîäè îñâ³òè. Áî ì³ðà âñüîìó — ñàìà ëþäèíà. ßêùî ¿¿ ïðàâèëüíî íå íàâ÷èòè, ëþäñòâî íå çìîæå í³÷îãî äîñÿãòè. Ëþäèíà çäàâíà áóëà îñíîâíèì îá’ºêòîì âèâ÷åííÿ ô³ëîñîô³â. Îäíàê îñâ³òà í³êîëè íå ïðèâåðòàëà ¿õíüî¿ óâàãè. À ñüîãîäí³ âîíà ïåðåáóâàº â öåíòð³ é â îñíîâ³ âñüîãî. ¥þëåí ââàæàº, ùî îäí³ºþ ç îñíîâíèõ ïðîáëåì ñó÷àñíî¿ îñâ³òè º ¿¿ ³çîëÿö³ÿ â³ä íîðì ìîðàë³ é äóõîâíîñò³. Ï³ä âïëèâîì ô³ëîñîôñüêî¿ òà ³íòåëåêòóàëüíî¿ äóìêè íàøî¿ åïîõè ïðîòÿãîì ìàéæå äâîõ ñòîë³òü ôîðìóâàëîñÿ ïîíÿòòÿ ïîçèòèâ³çìó é ñåêóëÿðíèõ íàóê, ñïîñîáó äóìàííÿ é îñâ³òè. À öå âèðâàëî ëþäèíó ç³ çâè÷íîãî ëàäó, ÿêèé äàº ñåíñ ³ñíóâàííÿ íà Çåìë³.

ÎÑÎÁÈÑÒ²ÑÒÜ PERSONALITY

Çã³äíî ç ¥þëåíîì, ìîðàëü ³ ìîðàëüí³ñòü º îñíîâíèìè åëåìåíòàìè îñâ³òè. Çã³äíî ç îñíîâàìè ³ñëàìó é ðåë³ã³¿ çàãàëîì, ç³òêíåííÿ íàóêè é òåõíîëîã³¿ ç ðåë³ã³ºþ íåìîæëèâå. Íàâïàêè, ðåë³ã³ÿ é íàóêîâ³ äîñÿãíåííÿ ïîâèíí³ éòè ïàðàëåëüíî. Áóäü-ÿêå íàóêîâå â³äêðèòòÿ ìàº ïðîáóäæóâàòè â ëþäèí³ çàõîïëåííÿ òâîð³ííÿìè Âñåºäèíîãî ó Âñåñâ³ò³, à çàíÿòòÿ íàóêîþ ìàº áóòè ñâîºð³äíèì ñëóæ³ííÿì Éîìó. Î÷åâèäíî, ÿêùî â ðåë³ã³éí³é ñâ³äîìîñò³ ëþäèíè íå áóäå ³äåàë³â, òî íàóêîâ³ â³äêðèòòÿ é ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äæåíü ÿê ³ç ñîö³àëüíîãî, òàê ³ ç ìîðàëüíîãî ïîãëÿäó áóäóòü äåñòðóêòèâí³. Òîìó ðóõ ³ ñèñòåìà îñâ³òè ¥þëåíà, áóäó÷è ñîö³àëüíèì ÿâèùåì, ìàþòü ùå é ìîðàëüíî-åòè÷íèé õàðàêòåð.

þëåí â î÷àõ ñóñï³ëüñòâà — öå äîñèòü íàáîæíà ô³ãóðà. Â³í â³ääàëåíèé îä ïîë³òèêè é íå ñõâàëþº áàãàòüîõ ³ñëàìñüêèõ ïîë³òè÷íèõ ïðîåêò³â. Â³í íå çãîäåí ³ç äóìêîþ, ùî ì³ñ³ÿ ðåë³ã³¿ ïîëÿãàº ò³ëüêè â ñëóæ³íí³ ïîë³òèö³. Öå ñóïåðå÷èòü ñàìîìó ïîêëèêàííþ ðåë³ã³¿. Âñå ïîë³òèçîâàíå ïîë³òèêè âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ó ñâî¿õ ³íòåðåñàõ. Öå äîâîäèòü ñâ³òîâà ïðàêòèêà. Íàéá³ëüøå íåùàñòÿ, ÿêå ìîæå ñòàòèñÿ ç áóäü-ÿêîþ ðåë³ã³ºþ, — ¿¿ ïîë³òèçàö³ÿ. Ïîë³òèçîâàíà ðåë³ã³ÿ í³êîëè íå îá’ºäíóº, à íàâïàêè, ðîç’ºäíóº. Òîìó ¥þëåí óçÿâ çà îñíîâó ñâî¿õ ïîãëÿä³â ³ ïðèíöèï³â ä³àëîã ³ç ïðåäñòàâíèêàìè ð³çíèõ ðåë³ã³éíèõ òà êóëüòóðíèõ ê³ë. Ìîðàëü ³ ìîðàëüí³ñòü — öå îñíîâíèé çì³ñò æèòòÿ íà Ñõîä³. À íà Çàõîä³ íà ïåðøèé ïëàí âèéøëè ðîçóì ³ íàóêà. Òîìó çàõ³äíà öèâ³ë³çàö³ÿ ñòàëà â³äîìîþ çàâäÿêè ñâî¿é àáñîëþòí³é ðîçóìíîñò³. À Ñõ³ä — êîëèñêà ìîðàë³ é ìîðàëüíîñò³. Íàéá³ëüø³ äóõîâí³ îñîáè Ñõîäó áóëè ïðåäñòàâíèêàìè ³ñëàìó é òðàäèö³¿ ²íä³¿. Â óìîâàõ â³äñóòíîñò³ äóõîâíîñò³ íåìîæëèâî çàñíóâàòè íîâó öèâ³ë³çàö³þ, ÿêà çìîæå ïðî³ñíóâàòè òðèâàëèé ÷àñ. Çà íàéäîâãîâ³÷í³øèìè öèâ³ë³çàö³ÿìè çàâæäè ñòîÿòü ì³ñòè÷íèé äîñâ³ä òà ñèñòåìà ãëèáîêî¿ äóõîâíîñò³. ² öå ñïðàâà íå ò³ëüêè ñõ³äíèõ öèâ³ë³çàö³é ³ òîâàðèñòâ, çîêðåìà ì³ñòè÷íî¿ òðàäèö³¿ ñóô³çìó. Íà äóìêó ¥þëåíà, àáñòðàãóâàííÿ îñâ³òè é ñîö³óìó â³ä ìîðàë³ é äóõîâíîñò³ ïðèçâîäèòü äî âèðîäæåííÿ æèòòÿ. Áî ñàìå äóõîâí³ñòü íàïîâíþº çì³ñòîì æèòòÿ ëþäèíè é âåñü æèòòºâèé ïðîñò³ð ëþäñòâà. Ïðè÷èíîþ íèí³øíüî¿ çàãàëüíîëþäñüêî¿ êðèçè ñòàëà â³ä³ðâàí³ñòü îñâ³òè â³ä äóõîâíîñò³. Öÿ â³ä³ðâàí³ñòü ïîçáàâèëà

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

ëþäèíó îñíîâíî¿ ìåòè ¿¿ æèòòÿ íà á³ëîìó ñâ³ò³, ïîçáàâèëà íàä³¿. Àäæå ëþäè æèâóòü ó â³÷í³é íàä³¿ é òîìó º ä³òüìè íàä³¿: «Êîëè âîíè âòðà÷àþòü ¿¿, òî ðàçîì ³ç íåþ çíèêàº ³ ¿õí³é æèòòºâèé «âîãîíü», íàâ³òü ÿêùî ïðè öüîìó âîíè é äàë³ ³ñíóþòü ô³çè÷íî». Ïîâåðíóòè ñîá³ íàä³þ é ïîâåðíóòèñÿ äî âèùî¿, äóõîâíî¿ ìåòè æèòòÿ ëþäèíà ìîæå ò³ëüêè ñèëîþ ëþáîâ³. «…Âî³ñòèíó, äîì³íóþ÷èì ÷èííèêîì íàøîãî æèòòÿ º ëþáîâ, — íàãîëîøóº ¥þëåí. — Áóäó÷è ó÷àñíèêîì âñåñâ³òíüîãî õîðó, ïðàêòè÷íî êîæíà ëþäèíà ïîâîäèòüñÿ â³äïîâ³äíî äî ñâîº¿ ìàã³÷íî¿ ìåëîä³¿, ÿêó âîíà îòðèìàëà â³ä Òâîðöÿ â Éîãî ï³ñí³ ëþáîâ³». ßê òóò íå çãàäàòè àíàëîã³÷íó äóìêó Ìèêîëè Ãîãîëÿ: «Àí³ íà îäíó ìèòü íå ñë³ä íàì òóò çàáóâàòè, ùî æèòòÿ íàì äàíî äëÿ ëþáîâ³ é ùî ìè ñàì³ âèòâ³ð Áîæî¿ ëþáîâ³ äî íàñ». Ëþáîâ ÿê âèòîí÷åíå, ãëèáèííå ÷óòòÿ é âîëÿ ÷èñòîãî ñåðöÿ º ïðîâ³äíèì ä³ºâèì ÷èííèêîì ó ñèñòåì³ òðàäèö³éíèõ ìîðàëüíèõ ö³ííîñòåé óêðà¿íö³â. Ëþáîâ ÷èñòîãî ñåðöÿ — ïðîâ³äíà ñèëà ïèòîìî¿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ô³ëîñîô³¿ êîðäîöåíòðèçìó, ùî â Äàíèëà Òóïòàëà ðîçêðèâàºòüñÿ ó â÷åíí³ ïðî âíóòð³øíþ ëþäèíó ç ¿¿ ³íäèâ³äóàëüíîþ äîëåþ, â Ãðèãîð³ÿ Ñêîâîðîäè — ó ô³ëîñîô³¿ ìóäðîãî ñåðöÿ, â Ïàìô³ëà Þðêåâè÷à — ó ô³ëîñîô³¿ óòàºìíè÷åíîãî ñåðöÿ ëþäèíè òà ñàêðàëüí³é ïåäàãîã³ö³ ñåðöÿ, â Ìèêîëè Ãîãîëÿ — ó ô³ëîñîô³¿ õðèñòèÿíñüêîãî ïåðñîíàë³çìó, â Ïàíòåëåéìîíà Êóë³øà — ó õóò³ðñüê³é ô³ëîñîô³¿ àáî ô³ëîñîô³¿ ïðèðîäè, ô³ëîñîô³¿ ñåðöÿ, ó Òàðàñà Øåâ÷åíêà — â æèòòºâîìó ïðèíöèï³ ùèðîãî ñåðöÿ, â Êîñòÿíòèíà Óøèíñüêîãî — ó â÷åíí³ ïðî îñîáèñòó âîëþ ëþäèíè, çàêîð³íåíó â ñåðö³.

êðà¿íñüê³ ìèñëèòåë³ ó ñâî¿é ñïðÿìîâàíîñò³ íà âíóòð³øíþ ëþäèíó ìàþòü áàãàòî ñï³ëüíîãî ³ ç çàõ³äíîºâðîïåéñüêîþ åêçèñòåíö³éíîþ ô³ëîñîô³ºþ, äå ãîëîâíîþ ö³íí³ñòþ º âíóòð³øíÿ ñóòí³ñòü ëþäèíè, ³ ç³ ñõ³äíîþ ì³ñòè÷íîþ òðàäèö³ºþ ñóô³çìó. Íàäçâè÷àéíî áëèçüêà äî ñóô³éñüêîãî ì³ñòè÷íîãî äîñâ³äó ïðàêòè÷íà ô³ëîñîô³ÿ Ñêîâîðîäè: çà àñêåòè÷íèì àñïåêòîì ³ ïðîñòîòîþ æèòòÿ, çà ëþáîâ’þ, ÿêà âåäå äî ºäíàííÿ ç Òâîðöåì, çà îñÿãíåííÿì ²ñòèíè ÷åðåç ñàìîï³çíàííÿ é çà ìîðàëüíîþ çð³ë³ñòþ, ÿêà ðåàë³çóºòüñÿ â äîáðîä³ÿíí³.

Ïîñë³äîâíèê Ñêîâîðîäè, íàéá³ëüøèé óêðà¿íñüêèé ô³ëîñîô Õ²Õ ñòîë³òòÿ é ãëèáîêèé ïåäàãîã Ïàìô³ë Þðêåâè÷ ó ñâîºìó àíòðîïîëîã³÷íîìó â÷åíí³, ÿäðîì ÿêîãî º ô³ëîñîô³ÿ é ïåäàãîã³êà ñåðöÿ, â³äâîäèòü ïðîâ³äíó ðîëü ñåðöþ ÿê îñåðäþ äóõîâíîãî æèòòÿ ëþäèíè. Ãîëîâíèì ó êîðäîöåíòðèçì³ ÿê ô³ëîñîô³¿ ñåðöÿ º âèá³ð ìîðàëüíèõ îð³ºíòèð³â. ßê ô³ëîñîô³ÿ ñåðöÿ º ô³ëîñîô³ºþ ìîðàë³, òàê ³ ïåäàãîã³êà ñåðöÿ º ïåäàãîã³êîþ ìîðàë³. Ñàêðàëüíà ïåäàãîã³êà ñåðöÿ Ï.Þðêåâè÷à: «Âèõîâíà ñèñòåìà, ÿêà ïðîáóäæóº â ñåðö³ ó âèõîâàíöÿ ëþáîâ äî âèùîãî é ³äåàëüíîãî, äî ñâÿùåííîãî é áîæåñòâåííîãî… — öÿ ñèñòåìà ÷åêàº íà âèõîâàòåëÿ, çäàòíîãî çíàõîäèòè â ò³ë³ â ëþäèíè íåâèäèìó äóøó, à â íåâèäèì³é äóø³ — íåçíèùåíí³ çà÷àòêè Áîãîïîä³áíîñò³». Ìèñòåöòâî âèõîâàííÿ, çà Ï.Þðêåâè÷åì, ïîëÿãàº â òîìó, ùîá ïðèâåñòè ó÷íÿ äî òàêîãî ñòàíó ñïîêîþ, â ÿêîìó â³í, çàñâîþþ÷è âðàæåííÿ îä ñâ³òó, ì³ã áè äóìàòè íàä òèì, ùî â³äáóâàºòüñÿ â íüîìó ñàìîìó òà ïîçà íèì. À öüîãî ìîæíà äîñÿãíóòè ëèøå ïðîñâ³òëåíèì, ìóäðèì ñåðöåì. Â óêðà¿íö³â, ÿê ³ â íàðîä³â Ñõîäó, ïðîâ³äíèì ïðèíöèïîì æèòòÿ º ïåðâèíí³ñòü ñåðöÿ, à íå ðîçóìó, ÿê íà Çàõîä³. Âåëèêèé óêðà¿íñüêèé ïåäàãîã, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê ïåäàãîã³÷íî¿ íàóêè é íàðîäíî¿ øêîëè, ðåôîðìàòîð øê³ëüíî¿ îñâ³òè Êîñòÿíòèí Óøèíñüêèé ñòàâèòü öåé ïðèíöèï â îñíîâó ôîðìóâàííÿ õàðàêòåðó: «Òåîðåòè÷íå æèòòÿ ðîçóìó óòâîðþº ðîçóì; àëå ò³ëüêè ïðàêòè÷íå æèòòÿ ñåðöÿ é âîë³ óòâîðþº õàðàêòåð. …Ùîá ó äèòèíè óòâîðþâàâñÿ õàðàêòåð àáî ïðèíàéìí³ íàêîïè÷óâàëèñÿ äëÿ íüîãî âåëèê³ ìàòåð³àëè, ñë³ä, ùîá äèòèíà æèëà ñåðöåì ³ ä³ÿëà âîëåþ...». Õ³áà íå íà òàê³é ñï³ëüí³é äëÿ âñ³õ ëþäåé ìîðàëüí³é çàñàä³ ñåðäå÷íîñò³, ëþáîâ³ é äîáðîä³ÿííÿ çàñíîâàíî âèõîâíó ñèñòåìó é ³íòåëåêòóàëüíèé ìèðîòâîð÷èé ðóõ Ôåòõóëëàõà ¥þëåíà? Ïîäâèæíèöòâî óêðà¿íñüêèõ ìèñëèòåë³â ³ ïåäàãîã³â, ÿê³ íå çàëåæàëè â³ä êîíôåñ³éíèõ äîãì, à ñåðöåì ñïîâ³äóâàëè ²ñòèíó é æèëè â í³é, ïåðåãóêóºòüñÿ ÷åðåç ñòîë³òòÿ ç ñó÷àñíîþ ïîäâèæíèöüêîþ ì³ñ³ºþ ¥þëåíà ÿê ³ñëàìñüêîãî ìèñëèòåëÿ, ïåäàãîãà é «ñâîºð³äíîãî ñóô³ÿ», ÿêèé, íå íàëåæà÷è äî æîäíîãî ñóô³éñüêîãî îðäåíó, æèâå â ²ñòèí³. Îëåêñàíäåð ØÎÊÀËÎ, ïèñüìåííèê, ñõîäîçíàâåöü

Â³çèò Ôåòõóëëàõà ¥þëåíà äî ²îàíà Ïàâëà ²² ó Ðèì³ ó 1998 ð. Fethullah Gulen with Pope John Paul II in Rome in 1998

A pattern of dialog in the modern world INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT OF TURKISH SCHOLAR FETHULLAH GULEN AND UKRAINIAN SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE Fethullah Gulen (born in 1941 in the East of Turkey) is a famous wit, scholar and philosopher of modern times and has the deepest insight into the lives of all the representatives of religious and philosophic thought of Turkey. Gulen is also a well known religious leader as he was educated at a classic Islamic madrassa. Due to his activities, he became one of the great leaders of the philosophic and intellectual movements of the last centuries. First of all, Gulen is an ecclesiastic personality. In the foundation of his understanding of Islam and religion in general are deep feelings of love and respect for anything created by Allah.In the age of the development of social thought and ability of general thinking Gulen became the founder and the main representative of a wide movement of dialogue and tolerance. Eventually Gulen became the first in the rating ‘100 living intellectuals of the world’ organized by the American magazine ‘Foreign Policy’.

he main feature of this man of great works which distinguishes him from other religious leaders and philosophers-intellectuals of these times is his energy. The world community found out about him first of all because of the educational establishments opened on his initiative which both work effectively and develop quickly. He imperceptibly joined the world educational net and at once sparkled there like a bright star. The educational establish-

ments of Gulen showed incredible success and the ability to adapt in different conditions among the various religious, cultural and civil structures. At the beginning of his activity the great wit wasn’t paid a lot of attention. The reasons for this were his natural modesty and lack of a wish to be popular. However the intellectual community recognized soon this simple and unpretentious man. Within a short period of time he was noticed by the whole intellectual society and he involved scientists in

the educational problem and his personality and thoughts became the theme of a number of conferences. These symposiums were devoted to his deeply intellectual personality, to his individual world and introverted way of life. Eventually Gulen became the first in the rating ‘100 living intellectuals of the world’ organized by the American magazine ‘Foreign Policy’. This rating showed how attentively the world community and intellectual society watched Gulen and his activities. How is it possible to characterize in just a few words F. Gulen, who was noticed by so many people? First of all, Gulen is an ecclesiastic personality. In the foundation of his understanding of Islam and religion in general are deep feelings of love and respect for anything created by Allah. His sincerity and kindness became the reasons for the development of his incredible ability to talk to other religions and civilizations. He became the founder of the wide activity in the sphere of dialogue with representatives of other religions in Turkish society which has had an almost entirely Islamic population for many centuries. The meetings of Gulen with the leader of the Catholic world, Pope John Paul II, the main saphartski Rabbi of Israel Eliach Bakshi-Doron, the patriarch of the Constantinople Orthodox Church Varfolomy, the Patriarch of Romania Karakin and with the leaders of other communities found the answer in society and prepared the basis for the tight cooperation of the communities. That’s why Gulen became the most loved and respected leader among other leaders and members of other religious communities. Gulen doesn’t have any cruelty extremism or violence in his thoughts. Affirming that Islam has never allowed the use of strength Gulen was the first of the Islamic scientists who reacted to the attack on 11th September and tragic events in Beslan. In his interviews and works he again affirms ‘the slaughter of one innocent creature is the murder of all mankind’ and he claims that the whole of mankind is guilty of terrorism. In his opinion religion in any form is furthest from social, moral and ecclesiastic violence. Violence and religion are diverging paths and violence is also against the purpose of the existence of life on earth. The deepest mission of religion is to bring into society and relationships between people harmony, liberalism and tolerance.

ÎÑÎÁÈÑÒ²ÑÒÜ PERSONALITY

he religious thoughts of Gulen are opened to the representatives of other religions groups just as the philosophical thoughts and ideas are opened to other cultures and civilizations because he defends the interests of, not only Muslims, but of all people. It’s obviously the main peculiarity of his thoughts and it is an effective position as a peacemaker. In the age of the development of social thought and ability of general thinking Gulen became the founder and the main representative of a wide movement of dialogue and tolerance. In the period of global quarrels between the representatives of the world intellectual elite on the theme of the clash of civilizations Gulen has practically managed to complete his idea of dialogue by opening schools. In the modern world where globalization is spreading very quickly and the production of ‘Weapons of Mass Destruction’ is flourishing, the thought of a third world war cannot be borne. That’s why the theories about the clash and conflicts are oriented towards world politics and civil thought and need to paid great attention and care. It’s enough to look at the changes of political situation to understand that the world hasn’t very good prospects. Despite the difficulty in modern international relationships Gulen was able to pay attention to the world intellectual elite and he began a wide activity in the sphere of dialogue between civilizations. His movement is a great mission for the creation of dialogue for the whole of mankind. The most eloquent indicator of Gulens philosophic intellectual and personal efficiency and success is the opening, on his initiative, educational establishments in different countries around the world. These schools are at the same time both his philosophy and a bridge for a dialogue between the representatives of different nations, cultures and civilizations. They bring up people who worry about the general problems of modern mankind who also hope and make others believe in the great future of our planet. At the basis of Gulen’s concept of education lies his idea about this extremely valuable and important matter of modern civilization. In his opinion education is the first way of implementing

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Ôåòõóëëàõ ¥þëåí ³ç Ïàòð³àðõîì Âàðôîëîì³ºì ó 1996 ð. Fethullah Gulen with Patriarch Bartholomaios in 1996

social changes. He insists that strengthening and progress in any society are possible if quality and effective education are organized. To his mind, school, upbringing and education are great values. If there is a lack of harmony in the upbringing in family or relationships it’s impossible to improve society. The most serious reasons for the crisis of modern civilization are obsolete methods of education because the measure of everything is human. If a human isn’t educated correctly mankind will not be able to reach anything. Since long ago, the human was the main subject of study for philosophers. However education was never given their attention. But today education is the centre and at the basis of everything. Gulen supposes that one of the main problems of modern education is its isolation from the norms of morality and spirituality. For two centuries the concept of positivism and secular sciences way of thinking and education were formed under the influence of the philosophic and intellectual thoughts of our age and it pulled out the human from its habitual harmony which gives a sense of existence on the earth. Gulen says that morals and morality are the main elements of education. According to the fundaments of Islam and religion in general the joining of science and technology with religion is impossible. On the contrary, religion and scientific achievements must progress in parallel. Any scientific discovery has to awaken admira-

tion of the creatures of God in the human and doing research has to be like a service for Him. Obviously if there are no ideals in the religious conscience of a human, scientific discoveries and the results of research, from the point of view of society and morality, will be destructive. That’s why the movement and system of education of Gulen , being a social phenomenon, has also a moral — ethical character.

ulen, through the eyes of society, is a religious person. He’s remote from politics and doesn’t approve of a lot of Islamic political projects. He doesn’t agree with the thought that the mission of religion is only as a service to politics. It conflicts with the vocation of religion. Everything that is politically motivated becomes exploited by politicians. This has been proved by world practice. The biggest disaster which can occur in any religion is its politicization. This never joins but separates the religion. That’s why Gulen took as a basis of his thoughts and principles a dialogue with the representatives of different religions and cultures. ‘Morals and morality’ are the main sense of life in the east and in the west at first place are ‘the mind and science’ which is why western civilization became famous owing to its absolute intelligence and the east, its morals and morality. The greatest ecclesiastic peo-

Ôåòõóëëàõ Ãþëåí ³ç ãîëîâíèì ñåôàäñüêèì ðàâ³íîì Áàêø³ Äîðîíîì â ²çðà¿ë³ Fethullah Gulen with Sephardi Chief Rabbi, R. Bakshi Daron in Israel

ple of the east were the representatives of Islam and the traditions of India. In the conditions of a lack of spirituality it is impossible to found a new civilization which will be able to exist for a long time. A mysterious experience and system of deep spirituality always stood behind the long term civilizations and it doesn’t concern only the oriental civilizations and communities, particularly the mysterious tradition of Sufism. In Gulens opinion the separating of education and society from morals and spirituality leads to a degradation of life. Because spirituality fills a humans life and the whole life space of mankind with purpose. The reason for today’s total crisis is the isolation of education from spirituality. This isolation deprives humans of the main aim of their lives, of hope. People live in eternal hope and that’s why they are children of hope: ‘when they lose it their fire of life also is lost even if they continue to exist physically’. A human can return to hope and back to the higher spiritual purpose of life only by means of love. ‘…indeed, the dominating reason of life is love’, says Gulen.’ Being a participant of the universal choir every human behaves according to its magic melody which it received from the creator in His love song.’ We should recollect the same thoughts of Mykola Gohole: ‘we shouldn’t forget for a moment that we were given life for love and we are creatures of God’s love for us’. Love as exquisite and

deep feeling and the wish of a sincere heart is the main efficient component in the system of traditional moral values of Ukrainians. Love is the main power of original Ukrainian philosophy of ‘Kordocentrism’ which Danilo Tuptalo opened in his study of the inner man with its individual fate and Gregori Skovoroda also opened in his philosophy of the wise heart and Pamfil Yurkevitch in his work of ‘Mysterious human heart’ and ‘secret pedagogies of the heart’ and Mykola Gohole in his philosophy of Christian personalism and Panteleimon Kulish in his village philosophy or philosophy of ‘nature and heart’ and Taras Shevchenko in his ‘life principal of a sincere heart’ and Kostiatijn Ushenski in his study of the personal liberty of man which has its roots in heart.

krainian wits in their direction toward the inner man have a lot in common with west European existential philosophy where the inner essence of man is the main value and with eastern mystery’s tradition of Sufism. Extremely close to the mysterious experience of Sufism is the practical philosophy of Skovoroda: aesthetic aspect and simplicity of life, love which leads to unity with the creator, understanding of the Truth through self recognition and moral maturity which is found in doing good deeds.

The follower of Skovoroda, the greatest Ukrainian philosopher of the 19th century and deep pedagogue Pamfil Yurkevitch in his anthropological doctrine the nucleus of which is his ‘philosophy and pedagogies of Heart’ gave the main role to heart as a centre of the spiritual life of the people. The main theme in the philosophy of Kordocentrism is the choice of moral references. Just like the philosophy of heart is the philosophy of morals the pedagogy of heart is the pedagogy of morals. The secret pedagogy of heart of Pamfil Yurkevitch: ‘the upbringing system which awakens in the heart of a child love for higher ideals and for the holy and devine…— this system is waiting for the teacher who is able to find in the human body invisible souls and in the invisible souls an indestructible birth of godliness.’ The art of upbringing, according to Pamfil, lies in leading a pupil to a patience that when he is gathering impressions from the world, could also think about what is happening inside and outside of himself and it can be reached only by an enlightened, wise heart. Ukrainians like the nations of the east suppose the heart to be the first principal of life while westerners see the mind as first principal. Kostiantijn Ushinski, the great Ukrainian pedagogue, a founder of pedagogies and national schools, the reformer of school education laid this principle as the foundation of the formation of character: ‘the theoretical life of mind creates mind but only the practical life of heart will create character. …to create the character of a child or at least to gather a lot of material for it the child should live by means of heart and act according to will. …’ Isn’t the educational system and intellectual peace creation movement of Fethullah Gulen founded on the same, common for all people, moral principals of love and good deeds? The works of Ukrainian wits and teachers who didn’t depend on any confessional dogma but confessed the Truth by heart and lived in it have a lot in common with the modern mission of Gulen as the Islamic wit, teacher and ‘Sufi’, who doesn’t belong to any Sufi order, lives in the Truth. Oleksander SHOKALO, writer, orientalist.

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²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

ß äîâãî íå íàâàæóâàëàñÿ ïèñàòè íà òàêó òåìó, ê³ëüêà ðàç³â â³äêëàäàëà íà íåâèçíà÷åíèé òåðì³í. ² îò íåùîäàâíî ìåí³ òðàïèâñÿ îäèí ëèñò, ÿêèé ïèñàëà ìîëîäà æ³íêà, ñïîâíåíà â³ä÷àþ òà áîëþ. Ïîãîäüòåñÿ, ñëîâà «×îìó ñó÷àñí³ ä³òè òàê³ æîðñòîê³?», ÿêèìè ïî÷èíàâñÿ ëèñò, çìóøóþòü âèïàäêîâîãî ãîñòÿ ²íòåðíåò-ñòîð³íêè äî÷èòàòè íàïèñàíå äî ê³íöÿ. Îñü äåÿê³ öèòàòè: «²ñòîð³¿, ÿê³ òðàïëÿþòüñÿ ç³ øêîëÿðàìè çàðàç, øîêóþòü ìåíå. Çâ³äêè â ñó÷àñí³é øêîë³ áåðåòüñÿ ñò³ëüêè íàñèëüñòâà òà æîðñòîêîñò³?.. Ó êîæíîãî øêîëÿðà çàðàç º ìîá³ëêà. ² ÿêùî â ìîëîäøèõ êëàñàõ öå çäåá³ëüøîãî çàñ³á çâ’ÿçêó ç áàòüêàìè, òî ó ñòàðøîêëàñíèê³â â³í ïåðåòâîðþºòüñÿ íà ïðèñòð³é «à ùå â³í ìîæå äçâîíèòè» — ó òåëåôîí³ ìàº îáîâ’ÿçêîâî áóòè ôîòîàïàðàò òà êàìåðà, ùîá ìîæíà áóëî çí³ìàòè… á³éêè ì³æ îäíîë³òêàìè. Òàê-òàê, ñàìå ö³ æîðñòîê³ ðîëèêè, äå ¿õí³ æ äðóç³ á’þòü îäíå îäíîãî, ï³äë³òêè ïåðåãëÿäàþòü íà ïåðåðâàõ òà óðîêàõ. Îêð³ì «ðåàëüíèõ á³éîê», ùå ìàñà ð³çíîãî ïðèõîäèòü ç ²íòåðíåòó, æîðñòîê³ ðîëèêè ÷è íàâ³òü ïîðíîãðàô³÷í³. Âñå öå ðóéíóº íàøèõ ä³òåé. ×è çàäëÿ öüîãî ¿õ íàðîäæóâàëè? ×è òàêî¿ æîðñòîêîñò³ ¿õ â÷àòü íà óðîêàõ ó øêîë³? ×è ïðî òàêå ðîçïîâ³äàþòü ¿ì áàòüêè? Íàïåâíî, ùî í³. Òàê ó ÷îìó æ ð³÷? Ìîæå, ìè ñòàëè áàéäóæ³øèìè, ìîæå, â³ääàºìî ä³òÿì çàìàëî òåïëà ÷è ñàì³ äëÿ íèõ — íå íàéêðàùèé ïðèêëàä? Ìîæå, ñàìå ÷àñ óâîäèòè â øêîë³ óðîêè ìèëîñåðäÿ, á³ëüøå ðîçïîâ³äàòè ïðî ìîðàëü òà äîáðîòó? Ò³ëüêè íå ìîâ÷àòè ïðî öå. Áî ìè æ íå õî÷åìî áà÷èòè íàøå íàñòóïíå ïîêîë³ííÿ æîðñòîêèì». Ìè, ïåäàãîãè, çàâæäè â÷èëè ä³òåé, ùî ñïðàâæíÿ ëþäèíà — öå ëþäèíà äîáðà, ìóäðà, ùèðà é ñåðäå÷íà, ùåäðà i ñâ³òëà, ÿêà âì³º ëþáèòè i ñï³â÷óâàòè, çàõèñòèòè ³ ïðèãîëóáèòè, ïîâàæàòè é ïîðàäèòè, ç äîáðèì ñåðöåì i ñâ³òëîþ äóøåþ. Ìèëîñåðäÿ, äîáðîòà, áëàãîäiéíiñòü ç äàâí³õ ÷àñ³â áóëè â òðàäèö³ÿõ íàøîãî íàðîäó. Ö³ëêîì ïðèðîäíèì i çàêîíîì³ðíèì ââàæàëîñÿ äîïîìîãòè çíåäîëåíîìó, íåùàñíîìó, ïîä³ëèòèñÿ øìàòêîì õë³áà, äàòè ïðèòóëîê áåçäîìíîìó, çàõèñòèòè ñòàð³ñòü i íåìi÷íiñòü, ïîðÿòóâàòè õâîðîãî, çàõèñòèòè ñêðèâäæåíîãî. Âîäíî÷àñ ìè ÷³òêî óñâ³äîìëþºìî, ùî ö³ íàäáàííÿ âòðà÷àþòüñÿ, ³ âæå í³êîãî íå äèâóº áàéäóæ³ñòü òà æîðñòîê³ñòü, ùî ïåðåïîâíèëè äóø³. Àëå æ çâ³äêè áåðåòüñÿ áàéäóæ³ñòü? ×îìó ëþäè çàáóâàþòü ïðî òå, ùî º äîáðî, øëÿõåòí³ñòü, ã³äí³ñòü? Íàéë³ïøå, ùî º ó ëþäèíè, — öå ¿¿ äóøà. Äóøà — öå ñõîâèùå òàºìíèöü, ïî÷óòò³â, ñïîãàä³â, óñüîãî äîáðîãî òà çëîãî, öå âíóòð³øí³é ñâ³ò ëþäèíè. ² íàâ³òü êîëè ò³ëî ñòàð³º, õâîð³º òà ïîìèðàº, äóøà æèâå... Äóøà áåçñìåðòíà, âîíà ìîæå â³÷íî áóòè þíîþ. À ìîæå ïîìåðòè, êîëè ò³ëî

ùå çîâñ³ì ìîëîäå, à ïðè÷èíîþ ñòàþòü ¿¿ õâîðîáè. ¯¿ íåäóãè — öå â³ðóñè íåíàâèñò³, æîðñòîêîñò³, çàçäðîù³â ³ áàéäóæîñò³. ×îãî æ ìè ïàñóºìî ïåðåä õâîðîáàìè äóø³? ×îìó çàíåäóæóþòü íàø³ ä³òè? ×àñ ñòð³ìêî çá³ãàº. Øâèäêî ìèíàº äåíü, ³ ìè ç õâèëþâàííÿì êîíñòàòóºìî, ùî íå âñå çàïëàíîâàíå âñòèãëè çðîáèòè. Øâèäêî ñïëèâàº í³÷, ïðîêèíóâøèñü âðàíö³, ìè â³ä÷óâàºìî íåäîñèïàííÿ. Öåé òåìï â³ä÷óâàþòü íå ò³ëüêè äîðîñë³, à é ä³òè. Çäàºòüñÿ, ùî âåñü ñâ³ò ïåðåáóâàº

ñëîâîì, ïðîòÿãîì òðèâàëîãî ÷àñó ìîæíà çàì³íèòè òîé íåãàòèâ, ùî íàêîïè÷èâñÿ â äèòÿ÷èõ äóøàõ, íà ñâ³òëèé ïðîì³íåöü äîáðà òà ëþáîâ³. Òðàäèö³¿ äîáðî÷èííîñò³ ïåðåäàþòüñÿ â³ä ïîêîë³ííÿ äî ïîêîë³ííÿ â áàãàòüîõ ðîäèíàõ. ×èñëåíí³ îðãàí³çàö³¿ çàéìàþòüñÿ öèì ïîâñÿê÷àñ. Áàãàòî ïðèâàòíèõ îñ³á ï³äòðèìóþòü íóæäåííèõ ô³íàíñîâî. Äîïîìàãàòè òèì, êîìó öå âêðàé íåîáõ³äíî, ñòàëî òðàäèö³ºþ áàãàòüîõ êîìåðö³éíèõ óñòàíîâ.

Âèñòóï ó÷åíèöü 2-Ñ êëàñó ÌØ Ìåðèäèàí ï³ä ÷àñ êîíöåðòó ó÷íÿì øêîëè-³íòåðíàòó ¹21 ( 2008 ð.) The performance of the pupils of the Class 2-C of The Meridian International School at the time of the concert of pupils of the Boarding House No 21. (2008)

ó øàëåíîìó ðèòì³, íà÷å â³äìîâèëè ãàëüìà. Æèòòÿ — ñóö³ëüíà ìåòóøíÿ. Êîëîñàëüíà ê³ëüê³ñòü ÷àñó âèòðà÷àºòüñÿ íà äðóãîðÿäí³ é ïîðîæí³ ðå÷³. Ùîäåííèé ³íôîðìàö³éíèé ïîò³ê íàâ’ÿçóº êóïó ñòåðåîòèï³â: ùî ¿ñòè, ÷èì ïðàòè, ÿê ÷èñòèòè çóáè òà áàãàòî ³íøîãî… Âðåøò³ ìè, äîðîñë³, ïî÷èíàºìî â³ðèòè, ùî «êëàñíî» áóòè çóõâàëèì, çâàáëèâèì ³ íàõàáíèì. À äàâí³ äîáð³ çàãàëüíîëþäñüê³ ÷åñíîòè, âèÿâëÿºòüñÿ, âæå íå ìîäí³. ²íòåë³ãåíòí³ñòü, ëàã³äí³ñòü, ñêðîìí³ñòü, ñòðèìàí³ñòü — òî íå «êðóòî». Ùî æ òîä³ ãîâîðèòè ïðî ä³òåé? Àäæå âîíè — ÿê ÷èñòèé àðêóø, íà ÿêîìó â³äîáðàæàþòüñÿ íàø³ â÷èíêè, ïîâåä³íêà äðóç³â, ðåêëàìí³ ðîëèêè, ñþæåòè ô³ëüì³â ³ òåëåïåðåäà÷, âðåøò³ âñ³ ñó÷àñí³ ðåàë³¿ ñóñï³ëüñòâà. Õ³áà ëåãêî ìîëîäîìó, þíîìó ñòâîð³ííþ ðîç³áðàòèñÿ â óñüîìó öüîìó? Áåç äîïîìîãè, äîïîìîãè ïðàâèëüíî¿, ïîçèòèâíî¿ — öå íåìîæëèâî. ² íå ÷åêàéòå ìèòòºâîãî ðåçóëüòàòó, êðàïëÿ çà êðàïëåþ, ñëîâî çà

Íàø íàâ÷àëüíèé çàêëàä — íå âèíÿòîê. Âèõîâàííÿ ìèëîñåðäÿ òà äîáðî÷èííîñò³ íå ñëîâàìè, à ñïðàâàìè º îäíèì ç ãîëîâíèõ ïðèíöèï³â âèõîâàííÿ Ì³æíàðîäíî¿ øêîëè «Ìåðèä³àí» òà ñàäî÷êà. Ïðîòÿãîì óñüîãî íàâ÷àëüíîãî ðîêó ó íàø³é áàãàòîíàö³îíàëüí³é øêîë³ ïðîõîäÿòü çàõîäè, ùî ñïðèÿþòü ôîðìóâàííþ ó ä³òåé òàêèõ ðèñ, ÿê ìèëîñåðäÿ òà òóðáîòà ïðî áëèæíüîãî. Ñàìå òàêèì áóâ áåçêîðèñëèâèé ïîðèâ ó÷í³â, áàòüê³â òà â÷èòåë³â íàøî¿ øêîëè, ÿê³ ïðèéøëè íà äîïîìîãó áàãàòîñòðàæäàëüíîìó íàðîäîâ³ Ïàêèñòàíó ï³ñëÿ ñòðàøíîãî çåìëåòðóñó 2005 ðîêó, æàõëèâî¿ ïîâåí³ íà çàõîä³ Óêðà¿íè âë³òêó 2008 ðîêó, à òàêîæ çâåðíåííÿ ïî äîïîìîãó ìîëîäèõ ñ³ìåé ç íåâåëè÷êîãî êàðïàòñüêîãî ñåëèùà, Õàðêîâà òà Ñ³ìôåðîïîëÿ, ä³òè ÿêèõ õâîð³þòü íà òÿæê³ íåäóãè, ùî ïîòðåáóþòü äîðîãîãî ë³êóâàííÿ.

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Àëå ë³êóâàííÿ äîáðîòîþ ïîòðåáóþòü íå ò³ëüêè õâîð³ é ñàìîòí³, à é ö³ëêîì áëàãîïîëó÷í³ ³ çäîðîâ³ ëþäè, äóøà ÿêèõ º ÷åðñòâîþ é áàéäóæîþ äî ÷óæîãî ãîðÿ. Ë³êóâàííÿ ìèëîñåðäÿì ïîòð³áíå ³ òèì, õòî íå áà÷èòü ³ íå ÷óº êðèâäè é áîëþ, íåñïðàâåäëèâîñò³. «Òðåáà, àáè çà äâåðèìà êîæíî¿ çàäîâîëåíî¿, ùàñëèâî¿ ëþäèíè ñòîÿâ õòîñü ³ç ìîëîòêîì ³ ïîñò³éíî íàãàäóâàâ áè ñòóêîì ïðî òå, ùî º íåùàñí³...» Òàê ïèñàâ ïèñüìåííèê-ãóìàí³ñò À.Ï.×åõîâ. Ó ä³òåé-ñèð³ò º çàòèøí³ ñïàëüí³, íà ë³æå÷êàõ — íîâåíüê³ êîâäðè, â ¿äàëüí³ — ñìà÷íèé áîðù, âåëèê³ á³áë³îòåêà ³ ñïîðòèâíèé çàë, ñâ³òë³ êëàñè. Ä³òè ÿê ä³òè. Áåçòóðáîòíî áàâëÿòüñÿ íà äîçâ³ëë³, à âíî÷³ ñïðîñîííÿ êëè÷óòü ìàìó. Âîíè ÷àñòî ðîçìîâëÿþòü íî÷àìè ³ âèãàäóþòü íå³ñíóþ÷èõ ó ¿õíüîìó æèòò³ áàáóñþ ³ ä³äóñÿ ³ ç çàõîïëåííÿì ðîçêàçóþòü ïðî íèõ. ...22 ãðóäíÿ 2008 ðîêó. Öåé äåíü áóâ íàïîâíåíèé ð³çíèìè çàõîäàìè. Ìè äóæå õâèëþâàëèñÿ, ùîá óñå ïðîéøëî íàëåæíî òà áåç çáî¿â. Ãðóïà ä³òåé òà â÷èòåë³â ì³æíàðîäíî¿ øêîëè «Ìåðèä³àí» â³äâ³äàëè øêîëó-³íòåðíàò ñ.Ìîñòèùå, ùî íà Êè¿âùèí³. Òîãî æ äíÿ ìè çóñòð³÷àëè ñâî¿õ äàâí³õ äðóç³â ç³ øêîëè-³íòåðíàòó ¹21. Òðàäèö³ÿ â³òàòè öèõ ä³òåé ç³ ñâÿòîì Ñâÿòîãî Ìèêîëàÿ òà Íîâèì Ðîêîì ³ñíóº ó íàø³é øêîë³ âæå ø³ñòü ðîê³â. Ïîäàðóíêè, ÿê³ ïðèãîòóâàëè íàø³ ó÷í³ òà áàòüêè äëÿ âèõîâàíö³â ³íòåðíàò³â, îá³ãð³ëè þí³ äóø³ òà ï³äíÿëè íàñòð³é öèì ä³òêàì. Íà ¿õí³õ îáëè÷÷ÿõ ñÿÿëà óñì³øêà ³ îäíî÷àñíî êàïàëè ñëüîçè. Äèâèòèñü íà öå áóëî âàæêî. Íåäàðåìíî, êîëè âðàíö³ ÿ çàïðîïîíóâàëà ìàì³ ó÷íÿ òðåòüîãî êëàñó ïðèºäíàòèñÿ äî íàñ òà ïî¿õàòè äî Ìîñòèùà, âîíà â³äïîâ³ëà: «ß íå çìîæó. Ìåí³ äóæå áîëÿ÷å...» Äîáðå, êîëè çà ñâîº¿ æèòòºâî¿ çèìè ëþäèíà âñòèãëà çâèòè òåïëå ðîäèííå ãí³çäå÷êî, êîëè äîâêîëà ïðîìåíÿòüñÿ ð³äí³ óñì³øêè, äçâåíèòü äèòÿ÷èé ñì³õ. À ÿê öüîãî íåìàº... Çàê³í÷èâñÿ êîíöåðò, ïðîëóíàëî îñòàííº ùèðå «äÿêóþ» ïîâàðàì ¿äàëüí³, çà ðîãîì çíèê àâòîáóñ, ó â³êíàõ ÿêîãî ä³òè ìàõàëè ðóêàìè. À íà äâåðÿõ óñ³õ êëàñ³â ³ â áàãàòüîõ ó÷í³âñüêèõ ùîäåííèêàõ ç’ÿâèëîñÿ ïóðïóðîâå ñåðäå÷êî — ñèìâîë³÷íèé îðäåí ÄÎÁÐÀ. Íàòàë³ÿ ÌÅËÜÍÈÊ

²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Humanity begins in kindness I had hesitated a lot before I started to write on this subject. I postponed endlessly the moment of decision. Recently I have seen one letter written by a young woman filled with despair and pain. I agree with the words ‘why are modern children so cruel’ - which was the beginning of the letter that made me involuntarily read to the end as the guest of the internet page. There are some quotations: ‘stories which happen with school children now shock me. Where do modern schoolchildren take so much violence and cruelty from?.. Now every school pupil has a mobile phone. And if in primary school in most cases it’s the only way to communicate with parents senior students turn it into a device ‘it also can ring’ — a telephone must have a photo and film camera to record fights between people of the same age, yes, yes these cruel trailers where their friends beat each other, teenagers watch during the breaks in the lessons. Apart from ‘real fights’ a lot of different things come from the internet, cruel trailers or even pornography. It all destroys our children. Were they born for it? Are they taught such cruelty in their lessons at school? Are they told about it by parents? Surely not. So what’s happened? Maybe we became more indifferent or maybe we give our children too little warmth or we aren’t the best example for them? Perhaps its time to hold lessons of mercy at school and to speak more of morals and kindness? But we can’t be silent. Because we don’t want to see our next generation become cruel’. We teachers always teach children that a real human is kind, wise, sincere, warm hearted, generous and light who can love and sympathise, defend and pet, respect and advise with a kind heart and light soul. Mercy, kindness and charity have been in the traditions of our nation since ancient times. It was supposed absolutely natural

and regular to help unhappy people to share bread and to give shelter to the homeless and defend old people and invalids, save the sick and support offended people. At the same time we are aware of the loss of these values and already nobody is surprised by the indifference and cruelty which fills our souls. But where is it from? Why do people forget that kindness and nobleness and pride exist? The best that a human has is his soul. The soul is the shelter of secrets, feelings, recollections and everything good and evil; it’s the inner world of the human. Even if the body is old sick and dead the soul lives… the soul is immortal and it can be young forever. And it can die when the body is young and the reason for it becomes its illnesses. Its illnesses are the viruses of hate, cruelty, envy and indifference. Why do we surrender to the illnesses of the soul? Why do our children become sick? Time goes quickly. A day goes quickly and we worry that we haven’t done all we planned to do. Night passes quickly too and in the morning we awaken with the feeling we didn’t sleep enough. This speed is felt not only by adults but also by children. It seems that the whole world is in some crazy rhythm like without breaks. Life is all around us. A huge amount of time is wasted on unimportant and unneces-

Ó÷í³ òà â÷èòåë³ Ì³æíàðîäíî¿ øêîëè Ìåðèäèàí â ãîñòÿõ ó âèõîâàíö³â äèòÿ÷îãî áóäèíêó Ìàëÿòêî ì. Êèºâà. 2004 ð. Pupils and teachers of The Meridian International schools are visiting Maliatkov’s Orphans House Staff. Kyiv 2004.

sary things. The everyday flow of information thrusts at us a lot of stereotypes; what to eat, what to wash your clothes with, what to clean your teeth with and a lot of others… eventually we adults begin to believe that it’s cool to be impertinent, seductive and impudent. And good old total-human positive traits are apparently no longer in fashion. Intelligence, gentleness, modesty and restraint are not ‘cool’. So what do we have then to tell about children? Because they are a clean sheet of paper on which our acts, the behaviour of our friends, advertisement trailers, plots of films and TV shows and eventually the modern reality of society are reflected. Is it easy for young people to understand everything? It’s impossible without correct positive help. And don’t wait for immediate results drop by drop, word after word over a long period it’s possible to change that negative that gathered in children’s souls to a light ray of kindness and love. The traditions of charity are given from generation to generation in many families. Numerous organisations do it all the time. A lot of private people support poor people financially. To help those who are in need became a tradition of a lot of commercial establishments. Our educational establishment is no exception. An upbringing of mercy and charity, not by means of words but by deeds is one of the main principles of

the International school ‘Meridian’ and in the international kindergarten of the same name. During the whole educational year there are a lot of events in our multi-national school which help to form in children such traits as mercy and caring about others. Pupils, parents and teachers at our school who unselfishly helped the long suffering nation of Pakistan after the terrible earthquake of 2005, the awful floods in the west of Ukraine in the summer of 2008 and also came to the aid of young families from a small Carpathian village and from Kharkiv and Simferopol, whose children were very sick and needed expensive treatment. The treatment by kindness is needed not only for sick and lonely people but also for the wealthy and healthy who have indifference for the suffering of others. Those who can’t see and hear lies, pain and injustice also need treatment by mercy. ‘Somebody with a hammer has to stand behind the door of every happy and satisfied person and constantly remind them that unhappy people exist…’ It was written by Anton Checkov, the author and humanist. Orphans should have cosy bedrooms, new covers for their beds and delicious food in the canteen, a big library and gym and light classrooms. They are ordinary children who play carefree games and at night they call for their mothers. They of-

ten speak with pleasure at night of imaginary grandmothers or grandfathers. ….the 22nd of December 2008. This day was full of different events and we worried that all should go smoothly and without mishaps. A group of children and teachers from the school visited an orphanage in the village of Mostishche in Kiev region. That day we also met our old friends from orphanage number 21. A tradition has existed in our school for 6 years to congratulate these children on the holidays of St Nicholas and New Year. The presents prepared by our pupils and parents for the children of the orphanages warmed their hearts and made them feel better. Their faces were lit with smiles and tears. It was difficult to see it. When, in the morning, I invited the mother of a pupil in the third form to join us she answered ‘I can’t, it would be very painful for me…’ It’s good if a person during the winter of their lives manages to build a warm family nest and when there are natural smiles and a child’s love around them. But if not… The concert finished and the last sincere ‘thank you’ to the canteen workers and cooks was said and the bus, from the windows of which children could be seen waving, drove out of site. And on the doors of all the classrooms and in a lot of pupil’s diaries appeared a purple heart — the symbol of kindness. Natalia MELNIK

ÂÈÄÀÒÍ² ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÖ² GREAT UKRAINIANS

Ð³ê, ùî ìèíóâ, — çíàìåííèé íå ò³ëüêè â æèòò³ ×åðí³ã³âùèíèÑ³âåðùèíè, à é ö³ëî¿ Óêðà¿íè òà çàðóá³ææÿ. 2008-é ñòàâ Ðîêîì Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî: 28 êâ³òíÿ ìàòåìàòè÷íà ãðîìàäñüê³ñòü ñâ³òó â³äçíà÷èëà 140-ð³÷÷ÿ â³ä íàðîäæåííÿ, à 20 ëèñòîïàäà âøàíóâàëà 100-³ ðîêîâèíè ïàì’ÿò³ Ãåîðã³ÿ Ôåîäîñ³éîâè÷à Âîðîíîãî — âñåñâ³òíüî â³äîìîãî ãåí³àëüíîãî óêðà¿íñüêîãî ìàòåìàòèêà. 12 ëèñòîïàäà ñâ³òîâà óêðà¿í³ñòèêà é ñëàâ³ñòèêà â³äçíà÷èëè 200-ð³÷÷ÿ â³ä íàðîäæåííÿ Îñèïà Ìàêñèìîâè÷à Áîäÿíñüêîãî — âåëèêîãî óêðà¿íñüêîãî â÷åíîãî-åíöèêëîïåäèñòà, îäíîãî ç ïðîâ³äíèõ ä³ÿ÷³â ñëîâ’ÿíñüêîãî â³äðîäæåííÿ. Îáèäâà ñâ³òî÷³ íàóêè é äóõîâíîñò³ íàðîäèëèñÿ íà Ñ³âåðùèí³. Ñ³âåðùèíà ìàº ïåðâèííó íàçâó — Ñ³âåð³ÿ, ùî ïîõîäèòü â³ä ñàêðàëüíîãî íàéìåííÿ ñóâîðîãî é ñïðàâåäëèâîãî Äóõà Ñîíöÿ é ï³âí³÷íîãî Â³òðó — Ñ³âåðà, ÿêèé áëàãîñëîâëÿº òà îáåð³ãàº äáàéëèâèõ ãîñïîäàð³â-õë³áîðîá³â ³ êàðàº íåäáàëüö³â. Çâ³äñè çíà÷åííÿ íàçâè Ñ³âåð³ÿ — êðà¿íà ñóâîðèõ ³ ñïðàâåäëèâèõ ëþäåé òà ñàìîíàéìåííÿ íàðîäó ñ³âåðè àáî ñ³âåðö³ — äáàéëèâ³ ãîñïîäàð³-õë³áîðîáè, äîáëåñí³ é ð³øó÷³ áîãàòèð³-ëèöàð³, ñóâîð³ é ñïðàâåäëèâ³, áëàãîðîäí³ — ñïðàâæí³ ëþäè. Óñ³õ ñëàâíèõ ëþäåé Ñ³âåð³¿-Ñ³âåðùèíè âàæêî íàâ³òü ïåðåë³÷èòè… ¯õíÿ äóõîâíî-³íòåëåêòóàëüíà åíåðã³ÿ æèâèòüñÿ ç ãëèáèí êóëüòóðíî¿ òðàäèö³¿ êðà¿íè é ðîçïðîñòîðþºòüñÿ ó ñâ³ò. Ïðèíàéìí³ øåñòåðî íàéâèçíà÷í³øèõ óðîäæåíö³â Ïðèóäàéñüêî¿ Ñ³âåðùèíè ñòàëè âñåñâ³òíüî â³äîìèìè äóõîâíèìè ïîäâèæíèêàìè ³ â÷åíèìè: Ãðèãîð³é Ñêîâîðîäà, ßêèì Ãîðëåíêî, ²âàí Ôàëüê³âñüêèé, Îñèï Áîäÿíñüêèé, Îëåêñàíäåð Ïîòåáíÿ é Ãåîðã³é Âîðîíèé, à îäèí, ãåòüìàí Ïàâëî Ñêîðîïàäñüêèé, ñòàâ òâîðöåì Äðóãî¿ Ãåòüìàíùèíè — Óêðà¿íñüêî¿ íàö³îíàëüíî¿ äåðæàâè ïî÷àòêó ÕÕ ñòîë³òòÿ…

Îñèï ÁÎÄßÍÑÜÊÈÉ Osyp BODJANSKYJ

Ãåîðã³é ÂÎÐÎÍÈÉ

Âåëèê³ ñ³âåðÿíè Great northerners 2008 year is memorable not only for Ukraine, but also for foreign countries. 2008 became the year of Georgiy Voronuj: on the 28th of April the mathematical community of the world celebrated 140 years from the day of his birth and on the 20th of November will do homage to the 100th anniversary of this world known mathematician of genius. The 12th of November is the200th birthday of a great Ukrainian scientist— encyclopedist Osup Bodjanskuj. Both luminaries of science and spirituality were born on Sivershchuna. It’s initial name is Siverija, which derives from the name of a severe and just Spirit of the Sun and North Wind — Siver, who blesses and guards dutiful farmers and punishes negligent people. The name of the nation — sivers derives from the same, they are painstaking farmers, valiant and determined knights, severe and just, noble and true people. It is difficult to count all the great people of Siver-Sivershchuna… Their inner and intellectual energy lives on in the cultural traditions of the country. At least six outstanding natives of Pruydajska Sivershchuna became world famous spiritual devotees and scientists: Grugorij Skovoroda, Jakum Gorlenko, Ivan Falkivskuj, Osup Bodjanskuj, Oleksandr Potebnja, Georgij Voronuj and hetman Pavlo Skoropadskuj, who created the Second Getmanshchuna –the Ukrainian national state at the beginning of the XX century…

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²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

Georgij VORONYJ

«Вчений муж із сильним характером» Îñèï Ìàêñèìîâè÷ Áîäÿíñüêèé — íàùàäîê çíàòíîãî êîçàöüêî-ñâÿùåíèöüêîãî ðîäó, âåëèêèé óêðà¿íñüêèé ³ñòîðèê, ô³ëîëîã, ôîëüêëîðèñò, åòíîëîã, ïèñüìåííèê, ïåðåêëàäà÷, îäèí ç îñíîâîïîëîæíèê³â óêðà¿íñüêî¿ é ðîñ³éñüêî¿ ñëàâ³ñòèêè, çíàíèé ó ö³ëîìó ñëîâ’ÿíñüêîìó ñâ³ò³ äîñë³äíèê êóëüòóð ñïîð³äíåíèõ íàðîä³â. Éîãî ë³òåðàòóðí³ ïñåâäîí³ìè: Î.Áîäà-Âàðâèíåöü, Çàïîðîæåöü ²ñüêî Ìàòèðèíêà, ².Ìàñòàê, ª.Ðàäóøèí, Ê.Ìóö³é Ñöåâîëà...

àðîäèâñÿ 12 ëèñòîïàäà 1808 ð. ó Âàðâ³, ïîìåð 18 âåðåñíÿ 1877 ð. â Ìîñêâ³, äå é ïîõîâàíèé íà òåðèòîð³¿ Íîâîä³âè÷îãî ìîíàñòèðÿ. Çàê³í÷èâ Ïîëòàâñüêó äóõîâíó ñåì³íàð³þ, , ÿêà òîä³ ðîçòàøîâóâàëàñÿ â Ïåðåÿñëàâ³ (1831), Ìîñêîâñüêèé óí³âåðñèòåò (1834), äå é ïðàöþâàâ ïðîôåñîðîì ç 1842 ïî 1868. Â÷åíèé ñòâîðèâ ´ðóíòîâí³ ïðàö³ ïðî ³ñòîð³þ, ôîëüêëîð, ìîâè òà ïèñåìí³ñòü ñëîâ’ÿíñüêèõ íàðîä³â, à â êàíäèäàòñüê³é äèñåðòàö³¿ «Î ìíåíèÿõ êàñàòåëüíî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ Ðóñè» (1834) ðîçâèíóâ ïîçèö³þ «ñêåïòè÷íî¿ øêîëè» ñâîãî âèäàòíîãî â÷èòåëÿ é çåìëÿêà ïðîôåñîðà Ìèõàéëà Òðîõèìîâè÷à Êà÷åíîâñüêîãî (1775—1842), ùî çàïåðå÷óâàëà ³ñíóâàííÿ äàâíüîðóñüêî¿ íàðîäíîñò³ é äîâîäèëà òþðêñüêå ïîõîäæåííÿ çàéøëèõ â³éñüêîâî-êî÷îâèõ ðóñ³â, ÿê³ ï³äêîðèëè êîð³íí³ ñëîâ’ÿíñüê³ ïëåìåíà, çðóéíóâàëè ñèñòåìó ì³ñöåâî¿ ðîäîïëåì³ííî¿ äåðæàâíîñò³ é íàñàäèëè ñâîþ êîëîí³çàòîðñüêó â³éñüêîâó âëàäó. Î.Ì.Áîäÿíñüêèé ïîêàçàâ íà áàãàòîìó ìàòåð³àë³ íàðîäíî¿ òâîð÷îñò³ ñëîâ’ÿí ¿õí³é îñîáëèâèé äóõîâíèé ³ ãîñïîäàðñüêèé òèï — õë³áîðîáñüêèé ³ ìèðîëþáíèé, ìóæí³é ³ â³ëüíîëþáíèé. Â÷åíèé äîâîäèòü, ùî ñëîâ’ÿíè — íàéïîåòè÷í³øà ó ñâ³ò³ åòíîêóëüòóðíà ñï³ëüíîòà: «Ïîåç³ÿ ñëîâ’ÿí — öå ïîåç³ÿ ä³éñíîãî æèòòÿ». Â³í ðîçêðèâàº ÷åðåç íàðîäíó ïîåç³þ îñîáëèâîñò³ âèÿâëåííÿ àáñîëþòíî¿ ³äå¿ â íàö³îíàëüí³é ³äå¿ êîæíîãî ç³ ñëîâ’ÿíñüêèõ íàðîä³â: «…Öÿ ³äåÿ, âèÿâ óñüîãî îêðåì³øíüîãî æèòòÿ íàðîäó, óñò³éíþâàíà éîãî ðåë³ã³ºþ, ô³ëîñîô³ºþ, ìîðàëëþ, çâè÷àÿìè, ³ñòîð³ºþ, ì³ñöåâ³ñòþ êðà¿íè òà ¿¿ îñîáëèâîñòÿìè, â³ðóâàííÿìè, ìîâîþ, ÷èñëåííèìè æèòòºâèìè óìîâàìè ³ ò. ï., í³ â ÷îìó òàê ÿñ-

êðàâî, ñèëüíî, ÷èñòî, ì³öíî é äîñêîíàëî íå âèÿâëÿºòüñÿ, ÿê ó ñëîâåñíîñò³» («Î íàðîäíîé ïîýçèè ñëàâÿíñêèõ ïëåìåí», 1837). Ùå ç 1830 ïî 1837 Î.Ì.Áîäÿíñüêèé, çà ó÷àñòþ ìåíøîãî áðàòà Ôåäîðà (1812— 1873), çàïèñàâ íà Ïîëòàâùèí³ (ïåðåâàæíî íà ð³äí³é Âàðâèíùèí³ é çíà÷íîþ ì³ðîþ â³ä ñâîº¿ ìàòåð³ Òåòÿíè Âàñèë³âíè) â³ñ³ì òèñÿ÷ óêðà¿íñüêèõ íàðîäíèõ ï³ñåíü, ïîíàä ï³âòîðè òèñÿ÷³ ïðèñë³â’¿â, ïðèêàçîê ³ êàçîê (öå â³í çàçíà÷èâ ó ìàã³ñòåðñüê³é äèñåðòàö³¿ «Î íàðîäíîé ïîýçèè ñëàâÿíñêèõ ïëåìåí», 1837). Êð³ì öüîãî, ïðèñòðàñíèé çáèðà÷ äóõîâíèõ ñêàðá³â ñâîãî íàðîäó ïåðåïèñàâ áëèçüêî äâîõ òèñÿ÷ óêðà¿íñüêèõ ï³ñåíü ³ç ðóêîïèñíî¿ çá³ðêè Ç.Äîëåíãè-Õîäàêîâñüêîãî, ÿêó 1833 ð. ïðèäáàâ Ì.Î.Ìàêñèìîâè÷ ³ ÿêîþ êîðèñòóâàâñÿ é Ì.Â.Ãîãîëü. Î.Ì.Áîäÿíñüêèé ãîòóâàâ ñâîº áàãàòþùå ï³ñåííå ç³áðàííÿ äî äðóêó, ïðî ùî ñâ³ä÷àòü ï³äãîòîâëåí³ äëÿ öüîãî ñïèñêè, â ÿêèõ óïîðÿäêîâàíî äî òðüîõ òèñÿ÷ íàçâ íåïîâòîðþâàíèõ ï³ñåíü. 1835 ð. Î. Ì. Áîäÿíñüêèé, ï³ä ïñåâäîí³ìîì Çàïîðîæåöü ²ñüêî Ìàòèðèíêà, âèäàâ «Íàñüê³ óêðà¿íñüê³ êàçêè», íàïèñàí³ â ïîåòè÷í³é ôîðì³ íà ì³ñöåâîìó, âàðâèíñüêîìó, ôîëüêëîðíîìó ìàòåð³àë³. À â 1840—1850 ðîêàõ Ôåä³ð Áîäÿíñüêèé, ôîëüêëîðèñò ³ ïåäàãîã, óêëàâ äâà ðóêîïèñí³ çá³ðíèêè óêðà¿íñüêèõ íàðîäíèõ ï³ñåíü, îäèí ³ç ÿêèõ íàçâàâ, íàñë³äóþ÷è áðàòà, «Íàñüê³ óêðà¿íñüê³ ñàãè àáî ìàëîðîñ³éñüê³ ï³ñí³, çîáðàíè Çàïîðîæöåì Õâåäîðîì Ãîðêàâåíêîì Ì³ñüêèì. ×àñòü ïåðâàÿ». Ó öèõ çá³ðíèêàõ çáåðåãëèñÿ ò³ ï³ñí³, ÿê³ ãîòóâàâ äî äðóêó Î.Ì.Áîäÿíñüêèé. À éîãî âëàñíå ç³áðàííÿ ëèøèëîñü â 11 çîøèòàõ ó íåáîæà äðóæèíè, Ìàðôè Ìèêèò³âíè, Í.Ì.Àð-

òåì’ºâà â Ïîëòàâ³. Ïðî íüîãî ïèøå î÷åâèäåöü ².Ô.Ïàâëîâñüêèé: «…ìîæíà áà÷èòè, ÿêå öå áóëî á ãðàíä³îçíå ç³áðàííÿ, ùî ïåðåâèùóâàëî á óñ³ âèäàí³ äîñ³ çá³ðíèêè, ÿêáè âîíî ò³ëüêè ïîâí³ñòþ çáåðåãëîñÿ…». Ïîäàëüøà äîëÿ òîãî ç³áðàííÿ íåâ³äîìà, à ÷àñòèíó çáåðåæåíèõ çàïèñ³â óïåðøå îïóáë³êîâàíî àæ 1978 ð. â êíèæö³ «Óêðà¿íñüê³ íàðîäí³ ï³ñí³ â çàïèñàõ Îñèïà òà Ôåäîðà Áîäÿíñüêèõ». Ó íàðîäíèõ ï³ñíÿõ Î.Ì.Áîäÿíñüêèé çíàõîäèâ âèÿâ íàðîäíîãî äóõó, íàéòî÷í³øå â³äîáðàæåííÿ íàðîäíîãî æèòòÿ: «Ï³ñí³ ñêëàäàþòü ïðèðîäíó, ³ñòèííó ïîåç³þ íàðîäó, ÿêîìó âîíè íàëåæàòü. Ó íèõ â³º òå ñàìå ïîâ³òðÿ, ÿêèì äèõàº íàðîä, òå ñàìå íåáî, ï³ä ÿêèì æèâå íàðîä, òå ñàìå æèòòÿ íàðîäó, ÿêå â³í ïðîæèâ, áåç íàéìåíøî¿ çì³íè â áàðâàõ; êîæåí…, íåçâàæàþ÷è íà âñ³ ñâî¿ ïðèâàòí³ äð³áí³ îñîáëèâîñò³, ïîãëÿíóâøè â öå äçåðêàëî, çðàçó æ óï³çíàº ñåáå». Âèâ÷àþ÷è íàðîäíó ìîâó íà îñíîâ³ ãëèáîêîãî çàñâîºííÿ ôîëüêëîðíèõ äæåðåë, çîêðåìà íàðîäíèõ ï³ñåíü, â÷åíèé ³ ïåäàãîã âèðîáèâ âëàñíó ìåòîäèêó ï³äãîòîâêè ñëàâ³ñò³â: «ß ñàì íàâ÷èâñÿ é ³íøèõ õî÷ó íàâ÷àòè ñëîâ’ÿíñüêèì íàð³÷÷ÿì ïî ïàì’ÿòêàõ, ó ÿêèõ íàðîäíà ìîâà ïåðåáóâàº â óñ³é ¿¿ ÷èñòîò³, òîáòî ïî íàðîäíèõ ï³ñíÿõ, à ïîò³ì óæå ïåðåõîäèòè ³ äî êíèæíî¿ ìîâè». Î.Ì.Áîäÿíñüêèé ÿê ô³ëîëîã ³ ìèñëèòåëü îñÿãíóâ ãëèáèííó äóõîâíî-åíåðãåòè÷íó ñóòí³ñòü ð³äíî¿ ìîâè: «Òà ÷è ìîæëèâå áóäü-ÿêå ºäíàííÿ, ñï³ëêóâàííÿ, âçàºìí³ñòü ì³æ ð³çíèìè ÷ëåíàìè ðîçãàëóæåíîãî íàðîäó áåç ºäíàííÿ, âçàºìíîñò³ é ìîâè — òî÷êè äîòèêó äëÿ âñ³õ ³ êîæíîãî, âîãíèùà, â ÿêîìó âñ³ ðîçñ³ÿí³ ïðîìåí³ çíîâó ñõîäÿòüñÿ é çàéìàþòüñÿ îäíèì ñï³ëüíèì âîãíåì, ÿêèé ç îäíàêîâîþ øâèäê³ñòþ ïðîá³ãàº ïî æèëàõ ³ çàïàëþº îäíàêîâîþ ëþáîâ’þ äî ñâîãî, ð³äíîãî. Ìîâà º íàéùèð³øå íåóïåðåäæåíå â³äîáðàæåííÿ íàðîäó ç óñ³ì éîãî íàÿâíèì áàãàòñòâîì, àáî, êðàùå, — öå ñàì íàðîä, óîñîáëþâàíèé ó ñëîâ³. ßêà ìîâà — òàêèé ³ íàðîä…». Öþ äóõîâíó ñèëó ð³äíî¿ ìîâè ó âèõîâàíí³, îñâ³ò³ é æèòò³ íàðîäó òàê ñàìî ãëèáèííî îá´ðóíòóâàâ âåëèêèé óêðà¿íñüêèé ïåäàãîã, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê ïåäàãîã³÷íî¿ íàóêè é íàðîäíî¿ øêîëè Ê.Ä.Óøèíñüêèé (1824—1870) ó ïðàö³ «Ð³äíå ñëîâî» (1861) — îäíîìó ç íàéâèçíà÷í³øèõ òâîð³â ñâ³òîâî¿ ïåäàãîã³êè, ÿêèé ïðèñâÿ÷åíî ïèòàííÿì âèõîâíîãî é îñâ³òíüîãî çíà÷åííÿ ð³äíî¿ ìîâè: «Öåé íåçâè÷àéíèé ïåäàãîã — ð³äíà ìîâà — íå ò³ëüêè íàâ÷àº áàãàòî ÷îãî, à íàâ÷àº íàïðî÷óä ëåãêî, çà ÿêèìîñü íåäîñÿæíèì ïîëåãøåíèì ìåòîäîì... Ìîâà — íàéâàæëèâ³øèé, íàéáàãàòøèé ³ íàéì³öí³øèé çâ’ÿçîê, ùî ç’ºäíóº â³äæèë³, æèâóù³ é ìàéáóòí³ ïîêîë³ííÿ íàðîäó â îäíå âåëèêå, ³ñòîðè÷íå æèâå ö³ëå... Êîëè çíèêàº íàðîäíà ìîâà — íàðîäó íåìà á³ëüøå!.. Ïîêè æèâà ìîâà íàðîäíà â óñòàõ íàðîäó, äîòè æèâèé ³ íàðîä. ² íåìà íàñèëüñòâà íåñòåðïí³øîãî çà òå, êîëè â íàðîäó õî÷óòü â³ä³áðàòè ñïàäùèíó, ñòâîðåíó íåçë³÷åííèìè ïîêîë³ííÿìè éîãî â³äæèëèõ ïðåäê³â.

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ÂÈÄÀÒÍ² ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÖ² GREAT UKRAINIANS

Â³äáåð³òü ó íàðîäó âñå — ³ â³í óñå ìîæå ïîâåðíóòè; òà â³äáåð³òü ìîâó — ³ â³í á³ëüøå í³êîëè âæå íå ñòâîðèòü ¿¿; íàâ³òü íîâó áàòüê³âùèíó ìîæå ñòâîðèòè íàðîä, àëå ìîâè — í³êîëè: âèìåðëà ìîâà â óñòàõ íàðîäó — âèìåð ³ íàðîä... Îòàê, áóäó÷è íàéïîâí³øèì ³ íàéâ³ðí³øèì ë³òîïèñîì äóõîâíîãî, áàãàòîâ³êîâîãî æèòòÿ íàðîäó, ìîâà â òîé æå ÷àñ º íàéá³ëüøèì íàðîäíèì íàñòàâíèêîì, ÿêèé íàâ÷àâ íàðîä òîä³, êîëè íå áóëî ùå í³ êíèã, í³ øê³ë, ³ äàë³ íàâ÷àº éîãî äî ê³íöÿ íàðîäíî¿ ³ñòîð³¿. Çàñâîþþ÷è ð³äíó ìîâó ëåãêî é áåç âåëèêèõ çóñèëü, êîæíå íîâå ïîêîë³ííÿ çàñâîþº â òîé æå ÷àñ ïëîäè äóìêè é ïî÷óòòÿ òèñÿ÷ ïîêîë³íü, ùî ïåðåäóâàëè éîìó é äàâíî âæå çîòë³ëè â ð³äí³é çåìë³ àáî æèëè, ìîæëèâî, íå íà áåðåãàõ Ðåéíó ³ Äí³ïðà, à á³ëÿ ï³äí³ææÿ Ã³ìàëà¿â...». Ê.Ä.Óøèíñüêèé — òàêîæ êîð³ííèé êîçàê-ñ³âåðåöü (éîãî ìàòè — ç Íîâãîðîä-Ñ³âåðùèíè, à áàòüêî — ç³ Ñëîá³äùèíè), ð³äíó ìîâó çíàâ äîñêîíàëî, ç ä³àëåêòíèìè îñîáëèâîñòÿìè, ³ õî÷ áè äå â³í áóâàâ, éîãî «äóøà ñòåïîâà» ëèíóëà äî ð³äíî¿ Óêðà¿íè. Î.Áîäÿíñüêèé ÿê ³ñòèííèé êîçàê ëþáèâ ïîâòîðþâàòè: «×óæå — ÷óæèì, ñâîº — ñâî¿ì». Ùå íàâ÷àþ÷èñü ó Ïåðåÿñëàâ³, Îñèï ðîçâèâàâñÿ, ÿê ³ âäîìà, â ð³äíîìîâíîìó ñåðåäîâèù³, áî âèêëàäàííÿ òàì âåëîñÿ, íåçâàæàþ÷è íà ³ìïåðñüêèé îô³ö³îç, óêðà¿íñüêîþ. Íàâ³òü ó Ìîñêîâñüêîìó óí³âåðñèòåò³ ñòóäåíò Î.Áîäÿíñüêèé äîâãî íå ì³ã ïåðåéòè íà ðîñ³éñüêó. À êîëè âæå ñòàâ ïðîôåñîðîì, ñòóäåíòè âñå îäíî ÷óëè, ÿê ïðîìîâëÿº â íüîìó óêðà¿íñüêå ñåðöå, é íàçèâàëè éîãî: «Êîçàê-çàïîðîæåöü çà ïðîôåñîðñüêîþ êàôåäðîþ». Òàê Øåâ÷åíêî ÷óâ ó Áîäÿíñüêîìó «çàïîðîçüêó äóøó». Ç ðîäîì Áîäÿíñüêèõ ñïîð³äíåíèé ð³ä Ôàëüê³âñüêèõ, ³ç áëèçüêîãî äî Âàðâè êîçàöüêîãî ñåëà Á³ëîöåðê³âö³, ùî íèí³ â Ïèðÿòèíñüêîìó ðàéîí³ íà Ïîëòàâùèí³. Ó Á³ëîöåðê³âöÿõ íàðîäèâñÿ é âèð³ñ ²âàí ßêèìîâè÷ Ôàëüê³âñüêèé (ó ÷åðíåöòâ³ — ²ðèíåé) (1762— 1823) — âèäàòíèé óêðà¿íñüêèé åíöèêëîïåäèñò (ïèñüìåííèê, ³ñòîðèê, ô³ëîñîô, êîìïîçèòîð, ìàòåìàòèê, àñòðîíîì, ãåîãðàô), íàéòàëàíîâèò³øèé ñåðåä óñ³õ â³äîìèõ ó Ðîñ³éñüê³é ³ìïåð³¿ â÷åíèõ ê³íöÿ ÕV²²² — ïî÷àòêó Õ²Õ ñòîë³òü. Ó 1803-1804 ðîêàõ ².Ôàëüê³âñüêèé áóâ ðåêòîðîì Êèºâî-Ìîãèëÿíñüêî¿ àêàäåì³¿ é ïðîòÿãîì 21 ðîêó âèêëàäàâ òàì 13 íàóê: àëãåáðó, ãåîìåòð³þ, çì³øàíó ìàòåìàòèêó — ã³äðàâë³êó, àñòðîíîì³þ, àðõ³òåêòóðó, îïòèêó, ãåîãðàô³þ, ³ñòîð³þ, ïîåç³þ, í³ìåöüêó ìîâó, ô³ëîñîô³þ, òåîëîã³þ. Ñòâîðèâ ïðè Àêàäåì³¿ ñòóäåíòñüêå Â³ëüíå ï³¿òè÷íå òîâàðèñòâî (1792). Çíàíèé òàêîæ ÿê ðåîðãàí³çàòîð ÷åðíå÷îãî æèòòÿ, àáè âîíî ñòàëî äîö³ëüí³øèì ³ êîðèñí³øèì äëÿ ñóñï³ëüñòâà. Æèòòºâå êðåäî äóõîâíîãî ïîäâèæíèêà ³ â÷åíîãî: «ß çàâæäè ç ëþáîâ’þ çäîáóâàþ ïîòð³áí³ ìî¿é äîðîã³é Â³ò÷èçí³ çíàííÿ». 92-òîìíà ðóêîïèñ-

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²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

íà íàóêîâî-ë³òåðàòóðíà ñïàäùèíà åíöèêëîïåäèñòà ðîçïîðîøåíà ïî ð³çíèõ ñõîâèùàõ, çíà÷íà ÷àñòèíà ÿêî¿ (áëèçüêî 1300 òâîð³â) çáåð³ãàºòüñÿ â ²íñòèòóò³ ðóêîïèñ³â Íàö³îíàëüíî¿ á³áë³îòåêè Óêðà¿íè ³ì. Â.².Âåðíàäñüêîãî é äîñ³ íåâ³äîìà óêðà¿íñüêîìó ñóñï³ëüñòâó.

Ìèêîëà Ãîãîëü, Òàðàñ Øåâ÷åíêî, Ïàíòåëåéìîí Êóë³ø — äðóç³-çåìëÿêè Îñèïà Áîäÿíñüêîãî Íàéòî÷í³øå îõàðàêòåðèçóâàâ ñâîãî â÷èòåëÿ ó÷åíü Îñèïà Áîäÿíñüêîãî Î.Î.Êî÷óáèíñüêèé: «Âîðîã ìåòàô³çè÷íîãî òóìàíó, Áîäÿíñüêèé íå íàëåæàâ äî ñëîâ’ÿíîô³ë³â: íå çàðàõîâóþ÷è ñåáå í³ äî ïðàâîâ³ðíèõ, í³ äî äèñèäåíò³â, â³í íå öóðàâñÿ í³ òèõ, í³ ³íøèõ, àëå âñþäè çáåð³ãàâ âîëþ ñâîº¿ äóìêè, ñàìîñò³éíîãî ñóäæåííÿ…» Ìàéíî ².ß.Ôàëüê³âñüêîãî ï³ñëÿ ñìåðò³ (ïîõîâàíèé ó Êèºâ³ â Ìèõàéë³âñüêîìó Çîëîòîâåðõîìó ñîáîð³, â ïðèä³ë³ ñâ. Âàðâàðè; ïîõîâàííÿ ðàçîì ³ç ñîáîðîì çíèùèëè á³ëüøîâèêè â 1935 ð.) ä³ñòàëîñÿ â ñïàäùèíó éîãî íåáîæàì Áîäÿíñüêèì — ²ëë³ Ãàâðèëîâè÷ó, áàòüêîâ³ Ïàâëà Áîäÿíñüêîãî, òà Ìàêñèìîâ³ Ãàâðèëîâè÷ó, áàòüêîâ³ Îñèïà é Ôåäîðà Áîäÿíñüêèõ. Òà íå ìàéíî Ôàëüê³âñüêîãî ñòàëî âèçíà÷àëüíèì ó æèòò³ ñïàäêîºìö³â Áîäÿíñüêèõ, à äóõîâíå ñïðÿìóâàííÿ öüîãî âåëèêîãî é äîñ³ ìàëîçíàíîãî ïîäâèæíèêà óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ñïðàâè. Ã³äíî ïðîäîâæèâ ñïðàâó ñâîãî ñëàâíîãî ä³äà Îñèï. Áàòüêî âèòðàòèâ óñ³ ñ³ìåéí³ çàîùàäæåííÿ é ïîçè÷èâ ãðîøåé, àáè çàáåçïå÷èòè îñâ³òí³ ïðàãíåííÿ ñèíà. Îñèï óñå æèòòÿ áóâ ñåðäå÷íî âäÿ÷íèé áàòüêàì, ÿê³, ÿê â³í ñàì íàãîëîøóâàâ, äàëè éîìó «âèõîâàííÿ íå ïî ñâî¿é êèøåí³». Çãàäóþ÷è ïðî ñòàíîâëåííÿ Î.Ì.Áîäÿíñüêîãî-â÷åíîãî, éîãî êîëåãà Ê.Ñ.Àêñàêîâ ïèñàâ: «Áîäÿíñüêèé áóâ îäíèì ³ç íàéá³ëüø ïóòí³õ ñòóäåíò³â, ñåðéîçíî çàéìàâñÿ ³ñòîð³ºþ é òåïåð ïîñ³äàº â ãàëóç³ íàóêè âñ³ì â³äîìå ïî÷åñíå ì³ñöå». Íàéòî÷í³øå îõàðàêòåðèçóâàâ ñâîãî â÷èòåëÿ ó÷åíü Î.Ì.Áîäÿíñüêîãî Î.Î.Êî÷óáèíñüêèé: «Âîðîã ìåòàô³çè÷-

íîãî òóìàíó, Áîäÿíñüêèé íå íàëåæàâ äî ñëîâ’ÿíîô³ë³â: íå çàðàõîâóþ÷è ñåáå í³ äî ïðàâîâ³ðíèõ, í³ äî äèñèäåíò³â, â³í íå öóðàâñÿ í³ òèõ, í³ ³íøèõ, àëå âñþäè çáåð³ãàâ âîëþ ñâîº¿ äóìêè, ñàìîñò³éíîãî ñóäæåííÿ… Éîãî êîëî ëþäåé ñêëàäàëè çåìëÿêè: Ãîãîëü, Øåâ÷åíêî… òà ³í.». Ùèðà äðóæáà ºäíàëà Îñèïà Áîäÿíñüêîãî ç áëèçüêèìè çåìëÿêàìè-ñ³âåðöÿìè — Ìèêîëîþ Ãîãîëåì ³ Ïàíòåëåéìîíîì Êóë³øåì, à òàêîæ ³ç Òàðàñîì Øåâ÷åíêîì, õàðàêòåðíî, ùî âîíè ì³æ ñîáîþ ñï³ëêóâàëèñÿ íà ÷óæèí³ ëèøåíü ð³äíîþ ìîâîþ. Öå ïðî ¿õíº ñåðäå÷íå çåìëÿöüêå ïîáðàòèìñòâî ïèñàâ Ò.Øåâ÷åíêî: «Äðóç³ ìî¿, ùèð³ ìî¿! Ïèø³òü, ïîäàéòå ãîëîñ çà á³äíó, áðóäíó, îïàñêóäæåíó ÷åðíü! Çà òîãî çíåâàæåíîãî áåçñëîâåñíîãî ñìåðäà!». Ï. Êóë³ø íàïîëÿãàâ íà íåîáõ³äíîñò³ øèðîêî¿ îñâ³òè íàðîäó, íà âèõîâàíí³ íîâîãî ïîêîë³ííÿ óêðà¿íñüêèõ ìàòåð³â, ÿê³ íàðîäÿòü íîâå ïîêîë³ííÿ íàö³¿, â³ëüíå â³ä ðàáñüêî¿ ïîêîðè é ñïîâíåíå ã³äíîñò³, ñàìîïîâàãè. Î.Áîäÿíñüêèé ðàçîì ³ç Ì.Ìàêñèìîâè÷åì, ².Ñðåçíåâñüêèì, Ì.Êîñòîìàðîâèì, Ï.Êóë³øåì ï³äí³ñ ð³âåíü óêðà¿íñüêèõ ãóìàí³òàðíèõ çíàíü íà ñâ³òîâèé ð³âåíü. Êîëè Ï.Êóë³øà, ï³ñëÿ óâ’ÿçíåííÿ â Ïåòðîïàâë³âñüê³é ôîðòåö³, çàñëàëè íà òðè ðîêè äî Òóëè, Î. Áîäÿíñüêèé ïîñòà÷àâ éîìó íåîáõ³äí³ äëÿ ðîáîòè êíèæêè ç³ ñâîº¿ ïðîôåñîðñüêî¿ á³áë³îòåêè é ç âèäàíü, ùî âèõîäèëè çà éîãî ðåäàêö³ºþ ç äðóêàðí³ Ìîñêîâñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó. Ïàíòåëåéìîí Îëåêñàíäðîâè÷ äóæå øàíóº Îñèïà Ìàêñèìîâè÷à çà ãðîìàäÿíñüêó â³äâàãó é âåëè÷àº éîãî «â÷åíèì ìóæåì ³ç ñèëüíèì õàðàêòåðîì»: «Òàê³ ëþäå òèõèì ðîáîì ñâî¿ì ³ ùîäåííîþ íàóêîâîþ ïðàöåþ âñëàâëÿþòü ð³äíó Óêðà¿íó êðàùå, í³æ âåëåìîâí³ ïàòð³îòè, ùî ò³ëüêè íàøèõ ñóïðîòèâíèê³â äðàòóþòü». Ñàìå ñòàðàííÿìè ïðîôåñîðà Î.Ì.Áîäÿíñüêîãî Ìîñêîâñüêèé óí³âåðñèòåò ñòàº âàæëèâèì öåíòðîì óêðà¿í³ñòèêè. Ïðàöþþ÷è ïàðàëåëüíî íà ïîñàä³ ñåêðåòàðÿ «Èìïåðàòîðñêîãî Îáùåñòâà èñòîðèè è äðåâíîñòåé ðîññèéñêèõ» ïðè Ìîñêîâñüêîìó óí³âåðñèòåò³ òà ðåäàêòîðà «×òåíèé» — äðóêîâàíîãî îðãàíó öüîãî Òîâàðèñòâà (öÿ ïîäâèæíèöüêà íåîïëà÷óâàíà ïðàöÿ çàáèðàëà ó â÷åíîãî äóæå áàãàòî ñèë ³ ÷àñó), Î.Áîäÿíñüêèé ï³äãîòóâàâ ³ âèäàâ ñîòíþ óí³êàëüíèõ ïàì’ÿòîê, ïåðåâàæíî óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ³ñòîðè÷íî¿ äóìêè: «²ñòîð³þ Ðóñ³â», «Ë³òîïèñíó îïîâ³äü ïðî Ìàëó Ðîñ³þ òà ¿¿ íàðîä ³ êîçàê³â óçàãàë³» Îëåêñàíäðà Ð³ãåëüìàíà, «Ë³òîïèñ Ñàìîâèäöÿ» é òâîðè ³íøèõ êîçàöüêèõ ë³òîïèñö³â, «Äæåðåëà Ìàëîðîñ³éñüêî¿ ³ñòîð³¿» Äìèòðà Áàíòèøà-Êàìåíñüêîãî, «Ä³àð³óø» Ìèêîëè Õàíåíêà, «Ðåºñòð Â³éñüêà Çàïîðîçüêîãî 1649 ðîêó» òà ³íø³ íåîö³íåíí³ ïðàö³ é äîêóìåíòè, ÿê³ çàêëàëè îñíîâó óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ³ñòîð³îãðàô³¿, à â÷åíîìó ïðèíåñëè ñëàâó âåëèêîãî óêðà¿íñüêîãî ïàòð³îòà.

«Learned man of character» Osyp Bodjanskyj was a notable Ukrainian historian, philologist, ethnologist, writer and translator, one of the founders of Ukrainian and Russian Slavic studies, researcher of folklore, written language and the culture of Slavic nations, known to the whole Slavic world. His pen names are: O.Boda-Varvunec, Zaporogec, Isko Materunka, I.Mastak.

e was born on the 12 of November 1808 in Varva and died on the 18 of September in Moscow, where he was buried in the grounds of the Novodivuchuj nunnery. He graduated from Perejaslav theological college (1831) and Moscow University (1834), where he worked as a professor from 1842 till 1868. This scientist created thorough works about the origins of the Slavs and Slavic written language, published eight thousand Ukrainian folk-songs, more than one and a half thousands proverbs, sayings and tales. In 1835 O.Bodjanskuj published «Naski Ukrainian tales», written on the local, varvunsk, folklore material. Osup Bodjanskuj wrote down nearly three thousands folk-songs and his younger brother Fedir (1812-1873), a student of folklore and teacher, — nearly 800 songs. Songs, collected by the Bodjanski brothers, were published thirty years ago (1978) in a separate book — «Ukrainian folk-songs in notations of Osup and Fedor Bodjanski» Kin of Falkivski is kindred with the Bodjanski family, they are from the Cossack village Bilocerkivci, which is situated not far from Varva, now it is the Purjatun region on Poltavshchuna. Ivan Falkivskuj (1762-1823) was born and grew up in Bilocerkivci, he is a great Ukrainian encyclopedist (writer, historian, philosopher, composer, mathematician, astronomer, geographer), one of the most well-educated scientists of the Russian Empire at the period from the end of ÕV²²² — beginning Õ²Õ centuries. Falkivskuj was a rector of the Kyiv-Moguljanska academy from 1803-1804 and taught 13 subjects there during 21years. The life credo of this spiritual devotee and scientist is: «I always get the knowledge needed for my dear motherland with love». The written scientificliterary heritage of the encyclopedist, which consists of 92 volumes, is scattered to different depositories, its considerable part (near-

ly 1300 works) is kept in the Institute of manuscripts of the Vernadskij National library of Ukraine and is still unknown to Ukrainian society. After the death of Falkivskuj (he was buried in Muchajlivsk Zolotoverch cathedral in Kyiv; the Bolsheviks destroyed the grave together with the cathedral in 1935) all his property was inherited by his nephews Osup and Fedir Bodjanski. But not only the property was determinant for the brothers, but also the spiritual values of their uncle — a great and still little known devotee of Ukraine. Moscow University became an important centre of Ukrainian traditions thanks to the efforts of Bodjanskuj. While working as a secretary and an editor of the society of history and antiquity, Bodjanskuj wrote and published a hundred unique monuments, mainly of the ukrainian historical thought: «History of Russians», «chronicle of the eyewitness», «Diariush» of Mykola Hanenko and works of other Cossack chroniclers, «Sources of the Malorussia’s history» of Dmytro Bantysh-Kamenskyj, «Register of the Zaporigska army 1649» and other works, which based Ukrainian historiography and brought the fame of a great Ukrainian patriot to the scientist. In 1847 Bodjanskyj wrote to Maksymovych that he wanted to publish Ukrainian historical monuments in the «reading of the Russian history and antiquities in the imperial society under the Moscow University»: «I decided to promulgate Malorussia’s chronicles at all costs; I’ve already collected a lot of them and don’t want to stop. I hope… to have time and nobody can keep up with me even on a Ukrainian horse. I’m also a Cossack. After I finish with the chronicles, I’ll start to work with the papers, which are in a great number.» Ivan Franko judged the selfless publishing of Osyp Bodjanskyj in the following way: «A hundred volumes of this edition, edited by him, are the best and really great monument of his vigilant work. materials took a great part here, those who could at least superficially look over the «Readings» could make sure of this.» Bodjanskyj together with Maksumovych, Sreznevskyj, Kostomarov and Kylish exalted Ukrainian humanities to the world level. Osyp Bodjanskyj had an intimate friendship with the countryman— northerners — Mykola Gogol and Pantelejmon Kylish; while being on a for-

eign land, they always communicated in their native language. After imprisonment in Petropavlivsk fortress, Kylish was exiled to Tyla for three years and Bodjanskyj always sent him books, needed for his work, from his own professional library and works, published in «Readings». Pantelejmon Oleksandrovych respects Osyp Maksumovych very much for his civic daring and calls him «a learned man of character»: «Such people, who silently work everyday, glorify our dear Ukraine more than those patriots who talk much and just irritate our adversaries.» All the Slavic world knows and respects the selfless work of Bodjanskyj in the sphere of Slavic studies and historiography. It is a duty of Ukraine to honor the achievements of this unique Ukrainian, erudite in the sphere of Ukrainian and Slavic studies Moscow Ukrainian Melnychenko — Doctor of historical Science, corresponding member of the ANS of Ukraine, general director of the cultural centre of Ukraine in Moscow, author of 40 books (10 were published in Moscow in Ukrainian) — became a worthy pioneer on this «un-ploughed field». Volodymyr Juhymovych devoted his new profound study «For the glory of our great Ukraine (Taras Shevchenko and Osyp Bodjanskyj)», published in Moscow in this year, for the 200th birthday of Osyp Bodjanskyj. This is the first work in Ukrainian and world historiography about the friendship and Moscow meetings of T. Shevchenko and O. Bodjanskyj. It enlightens the life and selfless devotion of a great scientist, who significantly influenced Shevchenko, in particular his shrewd vision of Ukrainian history, in the new way. «Brothers, don’t fall into sorrow, but pray and work sensibly in the name of our mother Ukraine», ‘in honor of our great Ukraine» — in this laconic and penetrating way Taras Shevchenko formulated the idea of the life of great Ukrainians, who worked for Ukraine within the grounds of the Russian Empire. Osyp Bodjanskyj is also one of these great workers, together with Mykola Gogol, Pantelejmon Kylish, Mychajlo Maksumovych. We hope that there will be a new generation of Ukrainian devotees, who will continue all the work of our great compatriot — work of penetrating and learning of our ancestors’ heritage.

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ÂÈÄÀÒÍ² ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÖ² GREAT UKRAINIANS

1847 ðîêó Î.Áîäÿíñüêèé ïèñàâ Ì.Ìàêñèìîâè÷ó ïðî ñâ³é íàì³ð âèäàâàòè óêðà¿íñüê³ ³ñòîðè÷í³ ïàì’ÿòêè â ðåäàãîâàíèõ íèì «×òåíèÿõ»: «ß ðåøèë âî ÷òî áû òî íå ñòàëî îáíàðîäîâàòü ìàëîðîññèéñêèå ëåòîïèñè; ñîáðàë èõ ìíîæåñòâî è ñîáèðàþ áåñïðåñòàííî. Íàäåþñü… óñïåòü, è çà ìíîþ íèêîìó íå óãîíÿòüñÿ, õîòü áû è íà óêðàèíñêîì êîíå. ß âåäü è ñàì êîçàê. Ïîñëå ëåòîïèñåé ïðèìóñü è çà îôèöèàëüíûå áóìàãè, â êîèõ íåäîñòàòêà íåò è áûòü íå ìîæåò…». Îñü ÿê îö³íèâ ïîäâèæíèöüêó âèäàâíè÷ó ïðàöþ Îñèïà Áîäÿíñüêîãî ²âàí Ôðàíêî: «Ñòî òîì³â ñüîãî âèäàííÿ, âèäàí³ ï³ä éîãî ðåäàêö³ºþ, ñå íàéêðàùèé, ñïðàâä³ âåëè÷íèé ïàì’ÿòíèê éîãî íåâñèïóùî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³. Ùî é òóò óêðà¿íñüê³ ìàòåð³àëè çàéìàëè äóæå âèçíà÷íå ì³ñöå, ñå çâ³ñíî êîæíîìó, õòî ìàâ íàãîäó õî÷ ïîâåðõîâî ïåðåãëÿíóòè «×òåíèÿ». Ùå â ñâî¿é ìàã³ñòåðñüê³é äèñåðòàö³¿ «Î íàðîäíîé ïîýçèè ñëàâÿíñêèõ ïëåìåí» (1837), ÿêà âèéøëà îêðåìèì âèäàííÿì ³ íåâäîâç³ íàáóëà âåëèêîãî óñï³õó (¿¿ ïåðåêëàäåíî ÷åñüêîþ, ñåðáñüêîþ, í³ìåöüêîþ, ³òàë³éñüêîþ ìîâàìè), Î.Áîäÿíñüêèé ³ç âëàñòèâîþ éîìó â³ðí³ñòþ ³ñòèí³ é ãðîìàäÿíñüêîþ â³äâàãîþ îá´ðóíòóâàâ íàö³îíàëüíó ³äåþ: «Ìèíóëà âæå ïîðà êîñìîïîë³òèçìó… Òåïåð íàðîä õî÷å çàëèøàòèñÿ òèì, ÷èì â³í º, ÷èì â³í ìîæå ñòàòè… Õî÷å áóòè ñîáîþ, æèòè ñâî¿ì êîð³ííèì æèòòÿì, ìèñëèòè ñâîºþ ãîëîâîþ, â³ä÷óâàòè ñâî¿ì ñåðöåì, áàæàòè ñâîºþ âîëåþ, æèòè âñ³ìà ñèëàìè ñâîãî áóòòÿ». «…ß òàê íå ðîçóì³þ, ÿê ìîæíà íå áóòè íàö³îíàëüíèì ó íàø ÷àñ», — çàïèñàâ Î.Áîäÿíñüêèé ó ùîäåííèêó, çàïåðå÷óþ÷è ñâîºìó îïîíåíòó ðîñ³éñüêîìó ë³òåðàòîðó Ä.Ñâºðáººâó, ÿêèé ñêàçàâ: «Íå ðîçóì³þ, ÿê ìîæíà áóòè â íàø ÷àñ íàö³îíàëüíèì». ×åðåç ï³âòîðè ñîòí³ ðîê³â ìóæíÿ íàö³îíàëüíà ïîçèö³ÿ Î.Áîäÿíñüêîãî àêòóàë³çóºòüñÿ ç íîâîþ ñèëîþ, òàê ñàìî, ÿê ³ ïîçèö³ÿ Ï. Êóë³øà: «Ä³éøîâøè, ç ïðî´ðåñîì êðóãîñâ³òíüî¿ íàóêîâî¿ ïðàö³, ò³º¿ ïðàâäè, ùî áåçêðà¿é ³ áåçì³ðíèé êîñìîñ ó âåëè÷åçíèõ ³ íàéìåíøèõ òâîðèâàõ Áîæèõ äàº íàì çàêîí ãðîìàäÿíñüêîãî æèòòÿ ³ ðîçóìîâîãî ïðÿìóâàííÿ, êëàäåìî ¿¿ â îñíîâó íàøîãî ïðîïîâ³äàííÿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ íàö³îíàëüíîñòè ³ äóõîâíî¿ âîë³. …Òà íåìà òàêî¿ áåçîäí³, ç ÿêî¿ á íå âèêàðàáêàëàñü íàö³ÿ ìîðàëüíîþ ïåðåâàãîþ íàä ñòèõ³éíîþ ñèëîþ, íàä ñèëîþ íåçàïðàöüîâàíîãî ÷åñíî áàãàòñòâà ³ íàä ñèëîþ âëàñòè, íåîïðàâäàíî¿ ô³ëîñîô³ºþ ïðèðîäè». ßê ³ Ï.Êóë³ø, Î.Áîäÿíñüêèé äîìàãàâñÿ ðåôîðìóâàííÿ îñâ³òè íà îñíîâ³ òðàäèö³éíèõ ïèòîìèõ çíàíü ³ åòíîïåäàãîã³êè, îñê³ëüêè êëàñè÷íå íàâ÷àííÿ ÿê ìàâïóâàííÿ ÷óæîãî ñòàëî ãàëüìîì ó ðîçâèòêó ñèñòåìè çíàíü. Àëå ïåäàãîã³÷íèì íîâàö³ÿì òà íàóêîâèì ³ âèäàâíè÷èì ³í³ö³àòèâàì ÷èíèëè îï³ð «ó÷åí³ âîðîãè» (çà âèñëîâîì Ï.Êóë³øà) — éîãî íåçì³íí³ íåäîáðîçè÷ëèâö³ Ì.Ïîãîä³í ³ Ñ.Øåâèðüîâ. Âîíè é íàìàãàëèñÿ óñóíóòè Î.Áîäÿíñüêîãî â³ä ïîäâèæíèöüêî¿ âèäàâíè÷î¿ ïðàö³. ² òàêà íàãîäà òðàïèëàñü. 1848 ð. Î.Áîäÿíñüêèé îïóáë³êóâàâ ó «×òåíèÿõ» ïåðåêëàä êíèæêè àíãë³éñüêîãî ïèñüìåííèêà é äèïëîìàòà, ïîñëà â Ìîñêîâùèí³ (1588—1589) Äæ³ëäà Ôëåò÷åðà «Î ãîñóäàðñòâå Ðóññêîì, èëè îáðàç ïðàâëåíèÿ ðóññêîãî öàðÿ…», äå òîé îïèñàâ ïîâàëüíå ðàáñò-

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²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

âî â êðà¿í³ çà öàðþâàííÿ ²âàíà Ãðîçíîãî ³ éîãî ñèíà Ôåäîðà, çàõëàíí³ñòü ìîñêîâñüêîãî äâîðÿíñòâà, äóõîâåíñòâà, ãðàá³æíèöòâî â³éñüêà é ñòðàøíó ïðèãíîáëåí³ñòü íàðîäó. Ì.Ïîãîä³í ³ Ñ.Øåâèðüîâ äîíåñëè ïðî âèõ³ä êíèæêè ì³í³ñòðîâ³ íàðîäíî¿ îñâ³òè Ñ.Óâàðîâó, ÿêèé â³ääàâíà âîðîãóâàâ ³ç ïðèõèëüíèì äî Î.Áîäÿíñüêîãî ãîëîâîþ Òîâàðèñòâà Ñ.Ñòðîãàíîâèì, ³ òîé äîïîâ³â Ìèêîëè ². Â ðåçóëüòàò³ êíèæêó çàáîðîíèëè ÿê øê³äëèâó, à Î.Áîäÿíñüêîãî çâ³ëüíèëè ç ïîñàäè ñåêðåòàðÿ Òîâàðèñòâà é ðåäàêòîðà «×òåíèé» òà ç óí³âåðñèòåòñüêî¿ êàôåäðè é ïåðåâåëè äî Êàçàí³. «Òàê ïîãëóìèëèñü ó÷åí³ âîðîãè íàä óêðà¿íñüêèì ïàòð³îòîì, — çãàäóâàâ Ï.Êóë³ø. Àëå Î.Áîäÿíñüêèé âèÿâèâ ãðîìàäÿíñüêó ìóæí³ñòü — â³äìîâèâñÿ âèêîíóâàòè íàêàç, ïîäàâ ó â³äñòàâêó é çàëèøèâñÿ â Ìîñêâ³. Íàïðèê³íö³ 1849 ð. öàð, çà ñïðèÿííÿ

Îñèï Áîäÿíñüêèé ³ç âëàñòèâîþ éîìó ãðîìàäÿíñüêîþ â³äâàãîþ îá´ðóíòóâàâ íàö³îíàëüíó ³äåþ: «Ìèíóëà âæå ïîðà êîñìîïîë³òèçìó… Òåïåð íàðîä õî÷å çàëèøàòèñÿ òèì, ÷èì â³í º, ÷èì â³í ìîæå ñòàòè… Õî÷å áóòè ñîáîþ, æèòè ñâî¿ì êîð³ííèì æèòòÿì, ìèñëèòè ñâîºþ ãîëîâîþ, â³ä÷óâàòè ñâî¿ì ñåðöåì, áàæàòè ñâîºþ âîëåþ, æèòè âñ³ìà ñèëàìè ñâîãî áóòòÿ».

Êîñòÿíòèí ÒÐÓÒÎÂÑÜÊÈÉ (1826-1893). Íàä³âàþòü â³íîê. Ñ.Ñòðîãàíîâà, ï³äïèñàâ íàêàç ïðî ïîâåðíåííÿ Î.Áîäÿíñüêîãî íà ïîñàäó îðäèíàðíîãî ïðîôåñîðà Ìîñêîâñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó, à äî Òîâàðèñòâà é äî «×òåíèé» â³í ïîâåðíóâñÿ àæ íàïðèê³íö³ 1857 ð. ³ îäðàçó â³äíîâèâ âèäàííÿ ïðàöü, äîêóìåíò³â ç ³ñòîð³¿ Óêðà¿íè. Î.Êîòëÿðåâñüêèé, çåìëÿê ³ ñó÷àñíèê Î.Áîäÿíñüêîãî, õàðàêòåðèçóâàâ éîãî ÿê ëþäèíó «òâåðäîãî é ñò³éêîãî õàðàêòåðó…, ùî íå ïîñòóïàëàñü í³ ï’ÿääþ çåìë³ áåç áîþ ³ íå âõîäèëà â æîäí³ çãîâîðè ç ñóìë³ííÿì». Çãàäóþ÷è ïðî Î.Áîäÿíñüêîãî, Ì.Äðàãîìàíîâ íàãîëîøóâàâ: «…Ìè í³÷îãî äðóãîãî íå ðîáèìî, ÿê ò³ëüêè ïðè-

çíàºìî, ùî òî çà áàãàòà íèâà íàøà êîçàöüêà, ñëîâ’ÿíñüêà, ôåäåðàëüíà, äåìîêðàòè÷íà òâåðäîäóõà Óêðà¿íà!». Ïîäâèæíèöüêà ïðàöÿ Î.Áîäÿíñüêîãî â öàðèí³ ñëàâ³ñòèêè é ³ñòîð³îãðàô³¿ çíàíà â óñüîìó ñëîâ’ÿíñüêîìó ñâ³ò³ é íàëåæíî ïîö³íîâàíà òàì. Ã³äíî âøàíóâàòè çäîáóòêè öüîãî óí³êàëüíîãî óêðà¿íöÿ, åíöèêëîïåäèñòà â öàðèí³ óêðà¿í³ñòèêè é ñëàâ³ñòèêè çàãàëîì — îáîâ’ÿçîê Óêðà¿íè. Äîñòîéíèì ïåðøîïðîõ³äöåì íà ö³é íåîðàí³é íèâ³ ñòàâ ìîñêîâñüêèé óêðà¿íåöü Â.Þ. Ìåëüíè÷åíêî — äîêòîð ³ñòîðè÷íèõ íàóê, ÷ëåíêîðåñïîíäåíò ÀÏÍ Óêðà¿íè, ãåíåðàëüíèé äèðåêòîð Êóëüòóðíîãî öåíòðó Óêðà¿íè â Ìîñêâ³, àâòîð 40 êíèæîê (10 ³ç íèõ âèäàâ ó ðîñ³éñüê³é ñòîëèö³ óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìîâîþ). 200-ð³÷÷þ â³ä íàðîäæåííÿ Îñèïà Ìàêñèìîâè÷à Âîëîäèìèð Þõèìîâè÷ ïðèñâÿòèâ ñâîº íîâå ´ðóíòîâíå äîñë³äæåííÿ «Íà ñëàâó íàøî¿ ïðåñëàâíî¿ Óêðà¿íè» (Òàðàñ Øåâ÷åíêî ³ Îñèï Áîäÿíñüêèé)», ÿêå âèéøëî â Ìîñêâ³ íà ïî÷àòêó 2008 ð. Öå ïåðøà â óêðà¿íñüê³é ³ ñâ³òîâ³é ³ñòîð³îãðàô³¿ ïðàöÿ ïðî äðóæáó é ìîñêîâñüê³ çóñòð³÷³ Ò.Øåâ÷åíêà òà Î.Áîäÿíñüêîãî. Â í³é ïî-íîâîìó âèñâ³òëåíî æèòòÿ é ïîäâèæíèöòâî âèäàòíîãî â÷åíîãî, ÿêèé ñïðàâèâ çíà÷íèé âïëèâ íà Øåâ÷åíêà, çîêðåìà íà éîãî ïðîíèêëèâå áà÷åííÿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ³ñòîð³¿: «…Ñàìå çàâäÿêè ïîâíîìó çàíóðåííþ â ³ñòîðè÷í³ ïðàö³, ïðèñëàí³ Áîäÿíñüêèì íà çàñëàííÿ, Øåâ÷åíêî ñïðàâä³ çáåð³ãàâ ³ ïðèìíîæóâàâ ³íòåëåêòóàëüíèé ïîòåíö³àë, îæèâëþâàâ äóøó, íàêîïè÷óâàâ çíàííÿ ç ³ñòîð³¿ Óêðà¿íè». Ï³äñóìîâóþ÷è ñâîº äîñë³äæåííÿ, àâòîð íàãîëîøóº: «Äî Áîäÿíñüêîãî, òà é ï³ñëÿ íüîãî íå áóëî á³ëüøå â Ìîñêâ³ íàóêîâöÿ, ÿêèé îäèí âèäàâ áè ñò³ëüêè ³ñòîðè÷íèõ äæåðåë ³ç ïàòð³îòè÷íèõ ñïîíóê. ßêðàç öåé ëþäñüêèé ïîäâèã óêðà¿íöÿ Áîäÿíñüêîãî âðåøò³-ðåøò çàëèøèòüñÿ â íàø³é íàö³îíàëüí³é ïàì’ÿò³, à íå ìàðí³ ðîçóìóâàííÿ ïðî òå, ÷îãî â³í íå çðîáèâ äëÿ Óêðà¿íè ÿê ³ìïåðñüêèé ãðîìàäÿíèí». «Íî, áðàò³ÿ, íå âäàâàéòåñü â òóãó, à ìîë³òåñü Áîãó ³ ðàáîòàéòå ðîçóìíî, âî ³ì’ÿ ìàòåð³ íàøî¿ Óêðà¿íè», «íà ñëàâó íàøî¿ ïðåñëàâíî¿ Óêðà¿íè», — òàê ëàêîí³÷íî é ïðîíèêëèâî ñôîðìóëþâàâ Òàðàñ Øåâ÷åíêî ³äåþ æèòòÿ ñëàâíèõ óêðà¿íö³â, ÿê³ ïðàöþâàëè íà òåðåíàõ Ðîñ³éñüêî¿ ³ìïåð³¿ äëÿ Óêðà¿íè. Äî öèõ âåëèêèõ òðóä³âíèê³â, ïîðÿä ³ç Ìèêîëîþ Ãîãîëåì, Ïàíòåëåéìîíîì Êóë³øåì, Òàðàñîì Øåâ÷åíêîì, Ìèêîëîþ Êîñòîìàðîâèì, Ìèõàéëîì Ìàêñèìîâè÷åì, íàëåæèòü ³ ìàëî çãàäóâàíèé äîñ³ Îñèï Áîäÿíñüêèé. Ñïîä³âàííÿ — íà ìîëîäå ïîêîë³ííÿ óêðà¿íñüêèõ ïîäâèæíèê³â, ÿê³ ã³äíî ïðîäîâæàòü ñïðàâó íàøîãî âåëèêîãî ñï³ââ³ò÷èçíèêà — ïðîíèêëèâîãî îñÿãíåííÿ æèâî¿ ñïàäùèíè ïðåäê³â. ßê ïèñàâ ñàì Î.Áîäÿíñüêèé ó ïåðåäìîâ³ äî «Ä³àð³óøà» Ì. Õàíåíêà, âèäàíîãî íèì íà ïî÷àòêó 1858 ð. ï³ñëÿ ïîâåðíåííÿ äî ðåäàãóâàííÿ «×òåíèé»: «Ïðîøåäøèå ñóäüáû Ìàëîé Ðîññèè ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî äîëæíû îñòàíàâëèâàòü âíèìàíèå è çàáîòëèâîñòü íà ñåáÿ Ìàëîðîññèÿí, ñûíîâ åå. Íå ïîçàáîòÿòñÿ îíè î òîì, êòî æå ñòàíåò çàáîòèòüñÿ? Âñÿêîå óâàæåíèå è çíà÷åíèå íàøå èñõîäèò îò íàñ ñàìèõ, è îò íàøåãî ñàìîïîçíàíèÿ è ñàìîóâàæåíèÿ».

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…ß äî âñüîãî ñòàðàþñü ä³éòè ñåðöåì, à íå ðîçóìîì. Ãåîðã³é ÂÎÐÎÍÈÉ

Ã.Ô. Âîðîíèé çà ï³àíîëîþ. Æóðàâêà, ë³òî 1907 ð. Ôîòî ç àðõ³âó Ã.Þ. Âîðîíî¿

èì äæåðåëîì íàñíàãè ñòàâ ð³äíèé êðàé Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî — Ïðèóäàéñüêà Ñ³âåðùèíà, áàãàòà íà ïðèðîäí³ ðåñóðñè, ðîçê³øíî¿ êðàñè êðàºâèäè é ³ñòîðèêî-êóëüòóðí³ ïàì’ÿòêè. Äî â³äêðèòòÿ ïðàäàâíüî¿ àðõåîëîã³÷íî¿ êóëüòóðè â Ïðèóäàéñüê³é Ñ³âåðùèí³ — Æóðàâñüêî¿ ïàëåîë³òè÷íî¿ ñòîÿíêè, â³ê ÿêî¿ íå ìåíøå 12 òèñÿ÷ ðîê³â, — áåçïîñåðåäíüî ïðè÷åòíà é ðîäèíà Âîðîíèõ. Öå ïîñåëåííÿ âèÿâèâ ³ áðàâ ó÷àñòü ó éîãî äîñë³äæåíí³ ãåîëîã Àíäð³é Âîðîíèé — íåá³æ Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî ïî ñòàðøîìó áðàòîâ³ Ìèõàéëîâ³. Ð³äíå ñåëî Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî Æóðàâêà ðîçòàøîâàíå â öåíòðàëüí³é ÷àñòèí³ Ïðèóäàéñüêî¿ Ñ³âåðùèíè, ³ éîãî êóëüòóðíî-ãîñïîäàðñüêå â³äðîäæåííÿ ïîâ’ÿçàíå ç ïîäâèæíèöüêîþ ä³ÿëüí³ñòþ ðîäèíè Âîðîíèõ. Æóðàâêà çãàäóºòüñÿ â äîêóìåíòàõ ³ç 1618 ðîêó, ç 1666-ãî çíà÷èòüñÿ ì³ñòå÷êîì, à ç 1672-ãî — öåíòðîì Æóðàâñüêî¿ ñîòí³ Ïðèëóöüêîãî ïîëêó, äî ÿêî¿ âõîäèëè, êð³ì Æóðàâêè, ñåëà Ëàäàí, Ìàê³¿âêà, Êóëèø³âêà, Àíòîí³âêà. Ó 1782—1802 ðîêàõ Æóðàâêà âõîäèëà äî Ïðèëóöüêîãî ïîâ³òó, à â 1802—1923 — äî Ïèðÿòèíñüêîãî ïîâ³òó. Ç 1923 ðîêó Æóðàâêà — âîëîñíèé öåíòð ó ñêëàä³ Ïðèëóöüêî¿ îêðóãè, à ïîò³ì — öåíòð ñ³ëüðàäè â ñêëàä³ Âàðâèíñüêîãî ðàéîíó ×åðí³ã³âñüêî¿ îáëàñò³. Ùå â ÕV²²² ñòîë³òò³ â Æóðàâö³ óãí³çäèâñÿ çíàòíèé êîçàöüêèé ð³ä Âîðîíèõ, ÿêèé ïîõîäèòü ç³ ñòàðîâèííîãî êîçàöüêîãî êîðåíÿ ³ ÿêèé äàâ Óêðà¿í³ áàãàòüîõ ñëàâíèõ ëþäåé. Ïðàïðàä³äè áóëè êóð³ííèìè îòàìàíàìè íà Ñ³÷³, à Ãåîðã³¿â ä³ä — ßê³â Òàðàñîâè÷ Âîðîíèé — ÿê ïîòîìñòâåííèé êîçàê-ñåëÿíèí ç³ ñòàðøèíñüêèì (çãîäîì äâîðÿíñüêèì) òèòóëîì îñ³â íà æóðàâñüê³é çåìë³. Ãåîðã³¿â áàòüêî — Ôåîäîñ³é ßêîâè÷ (1837—1910) — â³äîìèé ñâîºþ ïðîñâ³òíèöüêîþ ä³ÿëüí³ñòþ:

Äæåðåëî íàñíàãè ñåðöÿ ãåí³ÿ íàâ÷àþ÷èñü ó Êè¿âñüêîìó óí³âåðñèòåò³, ñòàâ îäíèì ç ³í³ö³àòîð³â ñòâîðåííÿ áåçïëàòíèõ íåä³ëüíèõ øê³ë äëÿ ðîá³òíè÷î¿ ìîëîä³. Ñåðåä 17 ñòóäåíò³â Óí³âåðñèòåòó Ñâÿòîãî Âîëîäèìèðà, ÿê³ ï³äïèñàëè ëèñòà â³ä 14 âåðåñíÿ 1859 ð. äî Ì.².Ïèðîãîâà ÿê ïîïå÷èòåëÿ Êè¿âñüêîãî íàâ÷àëüíîãî îêðóãó ç ïðîõàííÿì ïðî â³äêðèòòÿ íåä³ëüíî¿ øêîëè íà Ïîäîë³, áóëè Ôåîäîñ³é Âîðîíèé, Ìèõàéëî Äðàãîìàíîâ, ²âàí Ñ³êîðñüêèé (áàòüêî âñåñâ³òíüîâ³äîìîãî àâ³àêîíñòðóêòîðà ²ãîðÿ Ñ³êîðñüêîãî). ×åðåç Ôåîäîñ³ÿ Âîðîíîãî Òàðàñ Øåâ÷åíêî ïåðåäàâ äëÿ Ïîä³ëüñüêî¿ øêîëè 50 ïðèì³ðíèê³â ñâîãî «Êîáçàðÿ». Öåé ã³äíèé íàñë³äóâàííÿ ãðîìàäÿíñüêèé ïðèêëàä þíàêà âèñîêî îö³íèëà Îëåíà Ï÷³ëêà: â îäíîìó ç³ ñâî¿õ íàðèñ³â, çâåðòàþ÷èñü äî ïîä³é íàö³îíàëüíîãî çíà÷åííÿ â Êè¿âñüêîìó óí³âåðñèòåò³ ê³íöÿ 50-õ — ïî÷àòêó 60-õ ðîê³â XIX ñò., âîíà íàçâàëà ñòóäåíòà Ôåîäîñ³ÿ Âîðîíîãî «ãðîìàäÿíèíîì ç âåëèêî¿ ë³òåðè». Ô.Âîðîíèé â÷èòåëþâàâ ó Íåìèð³âñüê³é ã³ìíàç³¿, ïðàöþâàâ ïðîôåñîðîì ñëîâåñíîñò³ â Í³æèíñüêîìó ë³öå¿, äèðåêòîðîì ã³ìíàç³é ó Êèøèíåâ³, Áåðäÿíñüêó, Ïðèëóêàõ. Ï³ñëÿ âèõîäó íà ïåíñ³þ çáóäóâàâ ó ð³äí³é Æóðàâö³ çà âëàñí³ êîøòè øêîëó äëÿ ñ³ëüñüêèõ ä³òåé, çàñíóâàâ áåçêîøòîâíó íàðîäíó á³áë³îòåêó-÷èòàëüíþ, ÿêà ä³ÿëà ç âåñíè 1898 ðîêó. Ôîíäè á³áë³îòåêè ëèøå çà ïåðøèé ð³ê âèðîñëè â á³ëüø ÿê òèñÿ÷ó òîì³â, à ÷èòàöüêèé çàãàë ñòàíîâèëè õë³áîðîáè. Ñòàðøèé ñèí Ôåîäîñ³ÿ ßêîâè÷à Ìèõàéëî, ÿêèé çàéìàâñÿ àãðîíîì³ºþ, ñåëåêö³ºþ, ë³êàðñüêèìè òðàâàìè, ðàçîì ³ç áàòüêîì çàêëàâ îñíîâè ñîðòîâîãî ñàä³âíèöòâà, ïðîìèñëîâîãî âèðîùóâàííÿ ì’ÿòè. Ñòàðàííÿìè Âîðîíèõ ó Æóðàâö³ ùå 1885 ðîêó çáóäîâàíî îäèí ³ç ïåðøèõ íà ö³ëó Ðîñ³éñüêó ³ìïåð³þ çàâîä³â ³ç ïåðåðîáêè ë³êàðñüêèõ ðîñëèí, çîêðåìà ç âèðîáíèöòâà ì’ÿòíî¿ é ëåïåõîâî¿ îë³¿, ç ïåðåðîáêè ÷îðíî¿ ìàëüâè, ìàéîðàíó, øàâë³¿ òîùî. Ì’ÿòíèé ïðîìèñåë ðîçâèíóâñÿ ïî âñ³é Ïðèëóöüê³é îêðóç³ é äàâàâ ñåëÿíàì íàéá³ëüø³ äîõîäè. À Æóðàâñüêèé ì’ÿòíèé çàâîä áóâ â³äîìèé íà âñþ Óêðà¿íó é ïðàöþâàâ ùå 10 ðîê³â òîìó. Çàâäÿêè çóñèëëÿì ðîäèíè

Âîðîíèõ Æóðàâêà ïåðåæèëà íà ìåæ³ XIX–XX ñòîë³òü ñâîºð³äíå â³äðîäæåííÿ, ñòàâøè îñåðåäêîì íàðîäíî¿ îñâ³òè é âèñîêî¿ êóëüòóðè ãîñïîäàðþâàííÿ òà ïîáóòó. Òóò ç’ÿâèâñÿ íà ñâ³ò 16 (28) êâ³òíÿ 1868 ðîêó Ãåîðã³é — ÷åòâåðòà é îñòàííÿ äèòèíà ó Ôåîäîñ³ÿ ßêîâè÷à é Êëåîïàòðè Ìèõàéë³âíè Âîðîíèõ (ñòàðø³ — Ìèõàéëî, Íàä³ÿ, Ëåîí³ä). Ï³ñëÿ çàê³í÷åííÿ Ïðèëóöüêî¿ ã³ìíàç³¿ (1885) é Ïåòåðáóðçüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó (1889), ï³ñëÿ çàõèñòó ìàã³ñòåðñüêî¿ (1894) é äîêòîðñüêî¿ (1897) äèñåðòàö³é Ã.Ô.Âîðîíèé ïðàöþâàâ ïðîôåñîðîì Âàðøàâñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó, à çà ñóì³ñíèöòâîì — ïðîôåñîðîì Âàðøàâñüêîãî ïîë³òåõí³÷íîãî ³íñòèòóòó, ïðîòÿãîì ê³ëüêîõ ðîê³â áóâ òóò ïåðøèì âèáîðíèì äåêàíîì ìåõàí³÷íîãî ôàêóëüòåòó. 1907 ðîêó Ã.Ô. Âîðîíîãî îáðàëè ÷ëåíîì-êîðåñïîíäåíòîì Ïåòåðáóðçüêî¿ àêàäåì³¿ íàóê. Çà 12 ðîê³â ñàìîâ³ääàíî¿ òâîð÷î¿ ïðàö³ íà «òåðíèñòîìó ïîë³» íàóêè Ãåîðã³é Ôåîäîñ³éîâè÷ Âîðîíèé äîñÿãíóâ íåéìîâ³ðíîãî â äîñë³äæåíí³ ïðîáëåì, ÿê³ âèõîäÿòü çà ìåæ³ ìàòåìàòèêè é òåîð³¿ ÷èñåë çîêðåìà, ³ ðîçêðèâ øèðîê³ ïåðñïåêòèâè ï³çíàííÿ. Ùå çà æèòòÿ éîãî âèçíàëè ãåí³ºì. Íàéóòàºìíè÷åí³øà ç íàóê, «öàðèöÿ ìàòåìàòèêè» — òåîð³ÿ ÷èñåë, — ñòàëà äëÿ ãåí³ÿ Âîðîíîãî ïðîâ³äíîþ çîðåþ. Ùå ñòóäåíòîì â³í çàïèñàâ ó ùîäåííèêó: «Ñàìà ëèøå ìàòåìàòèêà, ÿê ÿñêðàâà ç³ðêà, ñÿº ïåðåä³ ìíîþ, íà íå¿ âñ³ ìî¿ ñïîä³âàííÿ…» (1889 ð³ê, 6 ñåðïíÿ, íåä³ëÿ). ² â³í íå øêîäóâàâ äëÿ îñÿãíåííÿ ²ñòèíè çäîðîâ’ÿ — ïðàöþâàâ äî îñòàííüîãî ïîäèõó, ïîìèðàþ÷è ó ñòðàæäàííÿõ â³ä æîâ÷íîêàì’ÿíî¿ õâîðîáè. Â³ä³éøîâ Ãåîðã³é Âîðîíèé íà íàéâèùîìó çëåò³ òâîð÷îãî äóõó â ÷èñòîìó ñåðö³ òà â çíåñèëåíí³ òâîð÷îþ íàïðóãîþ é íåäóãîþ îðãàí³çìó 7 (20) ëèñòîïàäà 1908 ðîêó â äàëåê³é Âàðøàâ³. Çã³äíî ç çàïîâ³òîì óêðà¿íñüêîãî â÷åíîãî, éîãî çàáàëüçàìîâàíå ò³ëî ïîõîâàëè â ð³äí³é Æóðàâö³, ó ñïåö³àëüíî çáóäîâàíîìó ñêëåï³ íà ãðîìàäñüêîìó êëàäîâèù³, ùî íà ñ³ëüñüêîìó êóòêó Êóëàæèí, íåïîäàë³ê â³ä ðîäîâî¿ ñàäèáè Âîðîíèõ.

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ÂÈÄÀÒÍ² ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÖ² GREAT UKRAINIANS

Áóäèíîê Âîðîíèõ — ïî÷àòêîâà øêîëà. 1980-³ ðð. Ç àðõ³âó Î. À. Øîêàëà

Òóò æèëè é çàéìàëèñÿ ñàä³âíèöòâîì Ôåîäîñ³é ßêîâè÷ òà éîãî íàéñòàðøèé ñèí Ìèõàéëî. ² äîñ³ òó ì³ñöèíó, äå é ñë³äó íå ëèøèëîñÿ â³ä êîëèøí³õ êóëüòóðíèõ ñàä³â, ëþäè íàçèâàþòü Ñàäîâà. Ïðèäáàâ öþ çåìëþ, íà óçâèøø³ íàä Óäàºì, ùå ä³ä Ãåîðã³ÿ Ôåîäîñ³éîâè÷à — ßê³â Òàðàñîâè÷ Âîðîíèé, ³ âîíà ä³ñòàëàñü ó ñïàäîê éîãî ñèíîâ³ — Ôåîäîñ³þ. À íà çàõ³ä çâ³äñè, òåæ íàä Óäàºì, íà Êóëàæèí³, áóëà ùå îäíà ä³ëÿíêà çåìë³ ßêîâà Òàðàñîâè÷à. Òîé ä³ä³âñüêèé ´ðóíò ä³ñòàâñÿ ó ñïàäîê íàéìåíøîìó âíóêîâ³ — Ãåîðã³þ. Ãåîðã³é îêóëüòóðèâ öå ì³ñöå, ïîñòàâèâ îäíîïîâåðõîâèé, íà äâ³ ïîëîâèíè äåðåâ’ÿíèé áóäèíîê íà öåãëÿíîìó ôóíäàìåíò³, ùî ìàâ õàðàêòåðí³ ðèñè óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ñàäèáè ê³íöÿ Õ²Õ — ïî÷àòêó ÕÕ ñòîë³òü: îðèã³íàëüíà ðîçãàëóæåíà ñèñòåìà ïëàíóâàííÿ, ë³ïëåííÿ íà ñòåëÿõ, ïå÷³ ç á³ëîãî êàõëþ, ðîçìàëüîâàíîãî áëàêèòíèìè ë³ë³ÿìè, êóõíÿ ç ñ³ëüñüêîþ ï³÷÷þ, ð³çüáëåííÿ ïî äåðåâó íà ïðèáóäîâàõ, öåãëÿí³ ï³ëÿñòðè ïî êóòàõ áóäèíêó é íà ôàñàäàõ. Ìåòð³â çà 40 íà ï³âí³÷ îä ñàäèáè, â çàïëàâ³ Óäàþ, Ôåîäîñ³é ßêîâè÷ ñïëàíóâàâ íåâåëèêå îçåðöå-êîïàíêó, ç’ºäíàíå ç ð³÷êîþ, à â³ä îçåðöÿ íàñèïàëè ï’ÿòäåñÿòèìåòðîâó ãðåáëþ äî êóïàëüí³ íà áåðåç³ Óäàþ. Ì³æ áóäèíêîì ³ îçåðöåì òà ïî ïåðèìåòðó ñàäèáè ïîñàäèëè ðÿäè äåðåâ, à ç ï³âäåííîãî áîêó, íà îñîíí³, çàêëàëè ñàä ³ îðàíæåðåþ. Ñàäèáó Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî ùå íàçèâàëè «äà÷åþ Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî â Áóðòàõ», ùî çàô³êñîâàíî, çîêðåìà, íà òîãî÷àñíèõ ôîòî. Òóò íàðîäèëèñÿ âñ³ ä³òè Âîðîíèõ, ³ Ãåîðã³é Ôåîäîñ³éîâè÷ ïðè¿çäèâ ñþäè ç ñ³ì’ºþ ùîë³òà. Âäîìà â³í ìàâ îñîáëèâå òâîð÷å íàòõíåííÿ — ïåðåâàæíî òóò ñòâîðþâàâ ñâî¿ íàóêîâ³ ïðàö³.

ðîòÿãîì óñüîãî æèòòÿ Ãåîðã³é Âîðîíèé ï³äòðèìóâàâ ò³ñíèé çâ’ÿçîê ³ç ð³äíèì ñåëîì, ÿê ³ ç ö³ëîþ Ïðèóäàéñüêîþ Ñ³âåðùèíîþ: ùå ç³ ñòóäåíòñüêî¿ ïîðè ùîë³òà ïðè¿çäèâ ñþäè îæèâàòè â³ä ÷óæèíè é íàñíàæóâàòè ñâ³é òâîð÷èé äóõ. Â³ä’¿æäæàþ÷è ç ð³äíèõ ì³ñöü ï³ñëÿ êàí³êóë, Ãåîðã³é çàïèñàâ ó ùîäåí-

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²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

íèêó: «ß ñ³äàþ íà êîíÿ, ùå ðàç ïðîùàþñÿ ç óñ³ìà — ³ ê³íåöü óñüîìó, ùî çàïîâíþâàëî ìîº æèòòÿ óïðîäîâæ ÷îòèðüîõ ì³ñÿö³â ³ ùî ñëóãóâàòèìå ïðè÷èíîþ ìîº¿ ñóâîðîñò³ é õîëîäíîñò³ íà ö³ëèé ïåòåðáóðçüêèé ð³ê. …Ïðîùàâàé, Æóðàâêî! Äî íîâî¿ âåñíè ÿ çàãîðíóñü ó ñâîþ áðîíþ ³, ÿê óâ³ ñí³, ââèæàòèìåòüñÿ ìåí³ öå ë³òî…» (1889 ð³ê, 6 ñåðïíÿ, íåä³ëÿ). Äæåðåëîì ãåí³àëüíèõ îñÿÿíü ñâ³òîâîãî ðîçóìó Âîðîíîãî áóëî ÷èñòå óêðà¿íñüêå ñåðöå, ÿêå ºäíàÑåðäå÷í³ñòü, äîáðîòâîðåííÿ áóëè é ëèøèëèñÿ âèçíà÷àëüíèìè â æèòò³ âñ³º¿ ðîäèíè Âîðîíèõ. Îäíà ç äîíüîê Ãåîðã³ÿ Ôåîäîñ³éîâè÷à Ìàð³ÿ ÂîðîíàÂàñèëåíêî (1900–1984), â³äáóâøè äåñÿòèð³÷íå çàñëàííÿ íà Ñàõàë³í³, íå çà÷åðñòâ³âøè ñåðöåì â³ä äîâãèõ ïîíåâ³ðÿíü, çãàäóâàëà ïåðåä ñìåðòþ: «Ì³é ä³ä, áàòüêî, éîãî áðàòè ³ ä³òè — âîíè áóëè ñïðàâæí³, áî íàñ ó ðîäèí³ â÷èëè í³êîëè íå äóìàòè ïðî áàãàòñòâî, — òà áàãàòèìè ìè í³êîëè é íå áóëè, — ³ íàâ³òü íå ïðî ñëàâó, à ò³ëüêè ïðî ñëàâó Óêðà¿íè». ëî éîãî ç æèâîäàéíîþ ñèëîþ ð³äíî¿ çåìë³. Äóõîâíèé îð³ºíòèð ñåðöÿ áóâ çàâæäè âèçíà÷àëüíèì äëÿ Ãåîðã³ÿ. ßê â³í ñàì ñòâåðäæóº, «äî âñüîãî ñòàðàâñÿ ä³éòè ñåðöåì, à íå ðîçóìîì»… Òîìó ïðî Ãåîðã³ÿ Ôåîäîñ³éîâè÷à ëèøèëàñÿ ïàì’ÿòü ÿê ïðî «ïðàâäèâó, ÷óéíó ³ ñåðäå÷íó ëþäèíó»... Ñåðäå÷í³ñòü, äîáðîòâîðåííÿ áóëè é ëèøèëèñÿ âèçíà÷àëüíèìè â æèòò³ âñ³º¿ ðîäèíè Âîðîíèõ. Îäíà ç äîíüîê Ãåîðã³ÿ Ôåîäîñ³éîâè÷à Ìàð³ÿ Âîðîíà-Âàñèëåíêî (1900–1984), â³äáóâøè äåñÿòèð³÷íå óâ’ÿçíåííÿ (ç 1945) é çàñëàííÿ

íà Ñàõàë³í³ (ñóäèì³ñòü çíÿòî 1960), íå çà÷åðñòâ³âøè ñåðöåì â³ä äîâãèõ ïîíåâ³ðÿíü, çãàäóâàëà ïåðåä ñìåðòþ: «Ì³é ä³ä, áàòüêî, éîãî áðàòè ³ ä³òè — âîíè áóëè ñïðàâæí³, áî íàñ ó ðîäèí³ â÷èëè í³êîëè íå äóìàòè ïðî áàãàòñòâî, — òà áàãàòèìè ìè í³êîëè é íå áóëè, — ³ íàâ³òü íå ïðî ñëàâó, à ò³ëüêè ïðî ñëàâó Óêðà¿íè». Ó áåçêîðèñëèâ³é ëþáîâ³ äî ð³äíî¿ çåìë³ ìîðàëüíà ñèëà ñïðàâæí³õ ëþäåé. Áî âîíè êåðóþòüñÿ ñîâ³ñòþ — âíóòð³øí³ì ìîðàëüíèì çàêîíîì ñâîãî ñåðöÿ. À ÷èì æå êåðóþòüñÿ áåçñîâ³ñí³, çàðàäè ÷îãî ³ñíóþòü?.. Ï³ä ÷àñ êîëåêòèâ³çàö³¿ ïîâèðóáóâàëè ðîçê³øí³ ñàäè, âèðîùåí³ ñòàðàííÿìè Âîðîíèõ, ïîðîçòÿãàëè, ïîíèùèëè îáèäâ³ ñàäèáè, à âäîâó Ãåîðã³ÿ Ôåîäîñ³éîâè÷à Îëüãó Ìèòðîôàí³âíó çìóñèëè çàëèøèòè áóäèíîê ³ âèáðàòèñÿ ç ñåëà (âîíà ç íàéìåíøîþ äîíüêîþ Îëåíîþ é îíóêàìè íàãàëüíî, âíî÷³, âè¿õàëà â ßãîòèí, äå ïðàöþâàâ ë³êàðåì ñòàðøèé ñèí Îëåêñàíäð). Çðóéíóâàëè ñêëåï, äå áóëî ïîõîâàíî çàáàëüçàìîâàíå ò³ëî Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî, à éîãî îñòàíêè ïîõîâàëè â áàòüêîâ³é ìîãèë³ ïîðÿä (Ôåîäîñ³é ßêîâè÷ ïîìåð ÷åðåç äâà ðîêè ï³ñëÿ ñèíà). Äîâãî íà ìîãèë³ íå áóëî æîäíîãî çíàêó. Àæ 1953 ðîêó ñåëî âïîðÿäêóâàëî ì³ñöå ¿õíüîãî ïîõîâàííÿ, ³ ùå äî 1983 ðîêó áîââàí³ëà íà ìîãèë³ ìåòàëåâà ï³ðàì³äêà ç ï’ÿòèêóòíîþ ç³ðêîþ — òèïîâèé çíàê êîìóí³ñòè÷íîãî ðåæèìó… Êîëè íàâåñí³ 1982 ðîêó ÿ ïîáà÷èâ òå áëþçí³ðñòâî, òî îáóðåíî ñïèòàâ ì³ñöåâèõ íà÷àëüíèê³â: «Õòî ëåæèòü ó ò³é ìîãèë³ — ÷åðâîíîàðì³ºöü ÷è â÷åíèé ç³ ñâ³òîâîþ ñëàâîþ? Äî Âîðîíîãî ïðè¿çäèòèìóòü íàóêîâö³ ç ö³ëîãî ñâ³òó é ùî âîíè ïîáà÷àòü, ³ ùî ïîäóìàþòü?..». Íåâäîâç³ ïðè¿õàëè äî Æóðàâêè íàóêîâö³ ²íñòèòóòó ìàòåìàòèêè ç Êèºâà, é Ã.Ì.Ñèòà, äîñë³äíèöÿ æèòòÿ é òâîð÷îñò³ Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî, ïåðåïîâ³ëà ìåí³ ¿õíþ ñõîæó ðîçìîâó ç ì³ñöåâèì íà÷àëüñòâîì… Ò³ëüêè çàâäÿêè êåð³âíèöòâó ðàäãîñïó «Æóðàâñüêèé» ïðèáðàëè-òàêè òó çëîùàñíó ï³ðàì³äêó é ðàäãîñïíèì êîøòîì ó êâ³òí³ 1983 ðîêó âñòàíîâèëè ãðàí³òíó ñòåëó, à íà í³é âèêàðáóâàëè: «Âèäàòíèé ðîñ³éñüêèé ìàòåìàòèê»… Óæå ñò³ëüêè ðîê³â îô³ö³éíî Óêðà¿íà — íå Ðîñ³ÿ, òà ùå é äîñ³ íå ñïðîìîãëèñÿ ì³ñöåâ³ «íåáîæèòåë³» (òàê ëþäè íàçèâàþòü òóòåøíþ âëàäó) ã³äíî âïîðÿäêóâàòè ïîõîâàííÿ óêðà¿íñüêîãî ãåí³ÿ (ñòàðàííÿìè åíòóç³àñò³â çàì³íåíî ò³ëüêè îãîðîæó). Êàæóòü, íåìà ãðîøåé. À ïî âñüîìó âèäíî — íåìà ñîâ³ñò³… Òàêå áåçïàì’ÿòñòâî íèí³øíüîãî ïîêîë³ííÿ ïðî ïîäâèæíèê³â-ïàòð³îò³â — øëÿõåòíèõ ãîñïîäàð³â Âîðîíèõ. Òàê³ íàñë³äêè ñïóñòîøëèâèõ êîëåêòèâ³çàö³¿ é ãîëîäîìîðó — âèãóáëåííÿ ñïðàâåäëèâèõ ³ ñïðàâæí³õ ëþäåé, âèòðàâëåííÿ ãðîìàäÿíñüêî¿ âîë³… «Âîðîí³ áóëè òðóäîëþáèâ³ ëþäè», — çãàäóâàëè îá³çíàí³ ñòàðîæèëè. Âñÿ ðîäèíà ïðàöþâàëà íå ïîêëàäàþ÷è ðóê, ³ íå ò³ëüêè äëÿ ñåáå, à é äëÿ âñüîãî ñåëà. À ÿêó íàäëþäñüêó ³íòåëåêòóàëüíó ðîáîòó âèêîíóâàâ íàóêîâåöü, òâîðÿ÷è ãåí³àëüí³ â³äêðèòòÿ äëÿ âñüîãî ëþäñòâà! Äî òîãî æ, íà éîãî óòðèìàíí³ áóëî øåñòåðî ñâî¿õ ä³òåé ³ ñåìåðî ñåñòðèíèõ, ÿêà ðàíî îâäîâ³ëà. Ñèíè Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî Ãåîðã³é

(Þð³é) ³ Îëåêñàíäð çðîáèëè âèçíà÷íèé âíåñîê ó ðîçâèòîê óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìåäèöèíè: Þð³é Âîðîíèé ïðàöþâàâ íàä ïðîáëåìîþ ïðèãîºííÿ òêàíèí òà îðãàí³â ³ çä³éñíèâ ïåðøó â ñâ³ò³ îïåðàö³þ ç ïåðåñàäêè òðóïíî¿ íèðêè õâîðîìó (Õàðê³â, 1933); Îëåêñàíäð Âîðîíèé âèíàéøîâ ñïîñ³á ë³êóâàííÿ ðàêó (ßãîòèí, 1938), òà íåâäîâç³ éîãî çààðåøòóâàëè çà äîíîñîì, ³ â³í çàãèíóâ íà çàñëàíí³. Âñÿ ðîäèíà Âîðîíèõ çàçíàëà ðåïðåñ³é ³ ïîíåâ³ðÿíü…

êóëüòóðíî¿ ñàäèáè Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî âö³ë³ëè ò³ëüêè áóäèíîê, äå ðîçì³ñòèëè ïî÷àòêîâ³ êëàñè Æóðàâñüêî¿ øêîëè, äóá á³ëÿ íüîãî, ùî éîãî ïîñàäèâ Ãåîðã³é Ôåîäîñ³éîâè÷ 7 (20) òðàâíÿ 1900 ðîêó íà ÷åñòü íàðîäæåííÿ äîíå÷êè Ìàð³¿, ïîîäèíîê³ çàëèøêè òèõ ðÿä³â äåðåâ, ÿê³ ðîñëè äîâêîëà ñàäèáè, òà ùå îçåðöå-êîïàíêà…

Çà ïîäàííÿì äèðåêòîðà ²íñòèòóòó ìàòåìàòèêè ÀÍ Óêðà¿íè, ÷ëåíà-êîðåñïîíäåíòà À.Ì.Ñàìîéëåíêà, Ïðåçèä³ÿ ÀÍ Óêðà¿íè ïðèéíÿëà 29 æîâòíÿ 1993 ð. ð³øåííÿ «Ïðî â³äíîâëåííÿ áóä³âë³ ÷ë.-êîð. Ðîñ³éñüêî¿ ÀÍ Âîðîíîãî ó ñ. Æóðàâêà ×åðí³ã³âñüêî¿ îáëàñò³», à ²íñòèòóòîâ³ ìàòåìàòèêè äîðó÷åíî âçÿòè ï³ä ñâ³é êîíòðîëü ïèòàííÿ ïðî â³äíîâëåííÿ áóäèíêó é ðîçì³ùåííÿ â íüîìó ìåìîð³àëüíîãî ìóçåþ ãåí³àëüíîãî ìàòåìàòèêà. Íà ö³é ï³äñòàâ³ äèðåêòîð ²íñòèòóòó ìàòåìàòèêè ÀÍ Óêðà¿íè À.Ì.Ñàìîéëåíêî íåãàéíî çâåðíóâñÿ äî ïðåäñòàâíèêà Ïðåçèäåíòà Óêðà¿íè ó Âàðâèíñüêîìó ðàéîí³ ×åðí³ã³âñüêî¿ îáëàñò³ Ì.Î.Ãàëóøêè ç ïðîõàííÿì «â³ääàòè íàêàç ïðî íàãëÿä çà áóäèíêîì, ùîá óíèêíóòè éîãî ïîäàëüøî¿ ðóéíàö³¿, à òàêîæ ïðî ïðîâåäåííÿ íåîáõ³äíèõ ðîá³ò ç éîãî êîíñåðâàö³¿ íà çèìîâèé ïåð³îä».

Ãåîðã³é Âîðîíèé ³ç äðóæèíîþ Îëüãîþ Ìèòðîôàí³âíîþ é ä³òüìè: Ìàð³ºþ, Îëåêñàíäðîþ, Ãåîðã³ºì, Îëåêñàíäðîì. Æóðàâêà. 1901 ð. Ôîòî ç àðõ³âó Í.Ã.Øâåöü

1946 ðîêó ï³ñëÿ òðèâàëî¿ ðîçëóêè ïðè¿çäèâ äî ð³äíî¿ äîì³âêè â Æóðàâêó ñèí Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî Þð³é Þð³éîâè÷ (Ãåîðã³é Ãåîðã³éîâè÷) — òóò â³í íàðîäèâñÿ 9 (22) ñåðïíÿ 1895 ðîêó. À 1970 ðîêó ï³ñëÿ óâ’ÿçíåííÿ é çàñëàííÿ ïðè¿çäèëà â Æóðàâêó äîíüêà Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî Ìàð³ÿ Þð³¿âíà. Ï³ñëÿ öüîãî ïî÷àëàñü õèìåðíà ³ñòîð³ÿ, ç îäíîãî áîêó, çáåðåæåííÿ, à ç äðóãîãî — íèùåííÿ â Æóðàâö³ ìåìîð³àëüíîãî áóäèíêó é ïàì’ÿò³ ãåí³ÿ ìàòåìàòèêè Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî… Õî÷ ð³øåííÿì ×åðí³ã³âñüêî¿ îáëàñíî¿ ðàäè íàðîäíèõ äåïóòàò³â ¹ 286 â³ä 31 òðàâíÿ 1971 ð. «ìåìîð³àëüíèé áóäèíîê Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî ÿê ïàì’ÿòêó ³ñòîð³¿ âçÿòî íà îáë³ê ³ âñòàíîâëåíî ìåæ³ îõîðîííî¿ çîíè ïàì’ÿòêè â ðàä³óñ³ 10 ìåòð³â â³ä íå¿», ì³ñöåâå (ðàéîííå é ñ³ëüñüêå) êåð³âíèöòâî âñÿêèìè ñïîñîáàìè ³ãíîðóâàëî íàïîëåãëèâ³ çâåðíåííÿ ²íñòèòóòó ìàòåìàòèêè ÀÍ Óêðà¿íè äî îáëàñíèõ ³ ðàéîííèõ îðãàí³â âëàäè, ïî÷èíàþ÷è â³ä 1986 ðîêó, ïðî âñòàíîâëåííÿ íà ìåìîð³àëüíîìó áóäèíêó îõîðîííîãî çíàêó ³ âëàøòóâàííÿ òàì ìóçåþ âåëèêîãî ìàòåìàòèêà.

«Âîðîí³ áóëè òðóäîëþáèâ³ ëþäè», — çãàäóâàëè îá³çíàí³ ñòàðîæèëè. Âñÿ ðîäèíà ïðàöþâàëà íå ïîêëàäàþ÷è ðóê, ³ íå ò³ëüêè äëÿ ñåáå, à é äëÿ âñüîãî ñåëà. À ÿêó íàäëþäñüêó ³íòåëåêòóàëüíó ðîáîòó âèêîíóâàâ íàóêîâåöü, òâîðÿ÷è ãåí³àëüí³ â³äêðèòòÿ äëÿ âñüîãî ëþäñòâà! Äî òîãî æ, íà éîãî óòðèìàíí³ áóëî øåñòåðî ñâî¿õ ä³òåé ³ ñåìåðî ñåñòðèíèõ, ÿêà ðàíî îâäîâ³ëà. Òà ïàðàëåëüíî ç öèìè â³äêðèòèìè îô³ö³éíèìè íàìàãàííÿìè âðÿòóâàòè ìåìîð³àëüíèé áóäèíîê Ã.Ô. Âîðîíîãî òðèâàëà ï³äñòóïíà êàìïàí³ÿ äëÿ éîãî îñòàòî÷íîãî çíèùåííÿ. ² íàïðèê³íö³ æîâòíÿ 1993 ðîêó öþ óí³êàëüíó ³ñòîðèêîêóëüòóðíó ïàì’ÿòêó ñòåðëè ç ëèöÿ çåìë³… Ç 22 ïî 28 âåðåñíÿ 2008 ðîêó Íàö³îíàëüíèé ïåäàãîã³÷íèé óí³âåðñèòåò ³ìåí³ Ì.Ï. Äðàãîìàíîâà ñï³ëüíî ç Äîñë³äíèöüêèì öåíòðîì ³ç ä³àãðàì Âîðîíîãî â Ñåóë³ ïðîâåëè â Êèºâ³ V Ì³æíàðîäíèé ñèìïîç³óì ³ç ä³àãðàì Âîðîíîãî ³ ¿õ çàñòîñóâàííÿ â íàóö³ é

òåõí³ö³ òà IV Ì³æíàðîäíó êîíôåðåíö³þ ïàì’ÿò³ Ã.Ô. Âîðîíîãî. Ó öèõ ì³æíàðîäíèõ íàóêîâèõ çàõîäàõ óçÿëè ó÷àñòü ïîíàä 80 íàóêîâö³â ³ç 20 êðà¿í. 26 âåðåñíÿ ïðåäñòàâíèöüêà äåëåãàö³ÿ ó÷àñíèê³â êîíôåðåíö³¿ â³äâ³äàëà áàòüê³âùèíó Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî — ñåëî Æóðàâêó. Öüîãîð³÷í³ â³äâ³äèíè ì³æíàðîäíîþ íàóêîâîþ ãðîìàäñüê³ñòþ ì³ñöÿ íàðîäæåííÿ é ïîõîâàííÿ Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî ñïðàâèëè íà ó÷àñíèê³â ïî¿çäêè ãí³òþ÷å âðàæåííÿ… Âæå é ñë³äó íå ëèøèëîñÿ â³ä ìåìîð³àëüíîãî áóäèíêó, à â òîìó ñâÿòîìó ì³ñö³, äå Ãåîðã³ºâ³ Âîðîíîìó ÿâëÿëîñü îñÿÿííÿ é äå â³í òâîðèâ ãåí³àëüí³ â³äêðèòòÿ ïëàíåòàðíîãî ìàñøòàáó, òåïåð… ñóñ³ä³â ãîðîä. À ï³ä ïàì’ÿòíèì äóáîì… ñâèí³ â çàãîðîæ³, ìàéæå, ÿê ó êëàñè÷í³é áàéö³ «Ñâèíüÿ ïîä äóáîì âåêîâûì…». Ö³ îãëÿäèíè ñïîíóêàëè äî ä³é. Çà ó÷àñò³ ïðåäñòàâíèê³â ×åðí³ã³âñüêîãî çåìëÿöòâà ï³äãîòîâëåíî ïðîåêòíî-êîøòîðèñíó äîêóìåíòàö³þ íà âïîðÿäêóâàííÿ òåðèòîð³¿ äîâêîëà ìîãèëè ³ âñòàíîâëåííÿ íîâîãî íàäìîãèëüíîãî ïàì’ÿòíèêà òà íà ñòâîðåííÿ êëàñó-ìóçåþ ìàòåìàòèêà. Ïðèì³ùåííÿ äëÿ ðîçì³ùåííÿ êëàñó-ìóçåþ âæå âèä³ëåíî ó Æóðàâñüê³é ñåðåäí³é øêîë³ ³ì. Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî. Ó øê³ëüíîìó êðàºçíàâ÷îìó ìóçå¿ â³äâåäåíî êóòî÷îê, äå ðîçì³ùåíî ìàòåð³àëè ïðî ñ³ì’þ Âîðîíèõ. Óêðà¿íñüêà é ñâ³òîâà íàóêîâà ãðîìàäñüê³ñòü ³í³ö³þº â³äíîâëåííÿ ìåìîð³àëüíîãî áóäèíêó Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî íà ì³ñö³ éîãî ñàäèáè (ñàìîçàõîïëåíó çåìëþ ùå íå ïðèâàòèçîâàíî). Íåîáõ³äíî çðîáèòè íàëåæíó îö³íêó íåçàêîííèì ä³ÿì ì³ñöåâî¿ âëàäè é â³äíîâèòè ³ñòîðèêî-êóëüòóðíó ïàì’ÿòêó — äîì³âêó âñåñâ³òíüî â³äîìîãî â÷åíîãî òà ñòâîðèòè ó â³äíîâëåíîìó áóäèíêó Ìóçåé Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî é ³ñòîð³¿ ñåëà, ïîâ’ÿçàíî¿ ç ïîäâèæíèöüêîþ ä³ÿëüí³ñòþ ðîäèíè Âîðîíèõ. Äåõòî ç êîëèøíüîãî ðàéîííîãî íà÷àëüñòâà êàºòüñÿ, ùî ñàíêö³îíóâàâ çíåñåííÿ ìåìîð³àëüíîãî áóäèíêó Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî, àëå òî çàï³çí³ëå êàÿòòÿ. Ïîòð³áíî ñïîêóòóâàòè íå ñëîâàìè, à ä³ëîì… Â³äíîâëåííÿ âñüîãî çðóéíîâàíîãî, ùî ïîâ’ÿçàíå ç ³ìåíåì Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî — ìîðàëüíèé îáîâ’ÿçîê ïåðåäóñ³ì òèõ, õòî äî òîãî ïðè÷åòíèé. À ã³äíå âøàíóâàííÿ ñâ³òëî¿ ïàì’ÿò³ ãåí³ÿ é ïîøèðåííÿ éîãî äóõîâíî-³íòåëåêòóàëüíî¿ ñïàäùèíè ìàº ñòàòè ñïðàâîþ ÷åñò³ âñ³õ çåìëÿê³â… Òîæ êîæíîìó ïåðåäóñ³ì òðåáà çàçèðíóòè ó âëàñíó äóøó é â³äøóêàòè â í³é íàãàäóâàííÿ ïðî ñâîº âèñîêå æèòòºâå ïðèçíà÷åííÿ, ñïèòàòèñÿ â ñåðöÿ ÿñíî¿ ñóìë³ííî¿, ïðàâäèâî¿ äîðîãè æèòòÿ â Ëàäó. Äîêè æèâóòü ó ëþäñüêîìó ñåðö³ é ñâ³äîìîñò³ äóõîâí³ ñâÿòîù³, íàäáàí³ ïîäâèæíèêàìè, äîòè æèâà ëþäÿí³ñòü ³ äîòè æèâèé íàðîä. À ðåøòà, ùî íå ìàº äóõîâíî¿ âàðòîñò³, íå ëèøèòü ³ ñë³äó ïî ñîá³. ×è íå òîìó çàõëàíí³ é áåçïàì’ÿòí³ ìåðòâ³ äóø³ òàê çàòÿòî ñòàðàþòüñÿ âèíèùóâàòè ñë³äè ñâ³òëî¿ ïàì’ÿò³ ñïðàâæí³õ ëþäåé, ÿê³ òîðóâàëè ÿñíèé øëÿõ Ëàäó ñåðåä áåçïðîñâ³òíîãî õàîñó? Òà ìàðíî ñòàðàþòüñÿ — äóõîâíå äáàííÿ áåçâ³÷íå…

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ÂÈÄÀÒÍ² ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÖ² GREAT UKRAINIANS

Òâîðåöü ìàòåìàòè÷íî¿ òåîð³¿ ëàäó

åîðã³é Ôåîäîñ³éîâè÷ Âîðîíèé çàëèøèâñÿ â ³ñòîð³¿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ é ñâ³òîâî¿ íàóêè íå ò³ëüêè ÿê ãåí³àëüíèé â÷åíèé, à é ÿê ð³äê³ñíîãî áëàãîðîäñòâà, øëÿõåòíîñò³ îñîáèñò³ñòü, îäèí ³ç íàéâ³ääàí³øèõ ñëóæèòåë³â ²ñòèíè — äóõîâíèõ ïîäâèæíèê³â. Êîëåãè çãàäóâàëè ïðî Ãåîðã³ÿ Ôåîäîñ³éîâè÷à ÿê ïðî íàäçâè÷àéíî ïðàöüîâèòîãî é ñàìîâ³ääàíîãî íàóêîâöÿ. Ïðîôåñîð Âîðîíèé ìàâ ó ïîñëóæíîìó ñïèñêó ïîíàä 18 ðîê³â äåðæàâíî¿ ñëóæáè íà ïîñàä³ «â V êëàñ³», áóâ ñòàòñüêèì ðàäíèêîì, êàâàëåðîì îðäåí³â Ñâÿòîãî Âîëîäèìèðà 4 ñòóïåíÿ, Ñâÿòî¿ Àííè 2 ñòóïåíÿ ³ Ñâÿòîãî Ñòàí³ñëàâà 2 ñòóïåíÿ, ìàâ ñð³áíó ìåäàëü íà ïàì’ÿòü ïðî öàðþâàííÿ ³ìïåðàòîðà Îëåêñàíäðà ²²²… ² ïðè öèõ ÷èíàõ ³ ðåãàë³ÿõ óñ³ çíàëè Âîðîíîãî ÿê «ïðàâäèâó, ÷óéíó ³ ñåðäå÷íó ëþäèíó»... Ùå â þíîñò³ Ãåîðã³é çàäóìóºòüñÿ íàä ðîçâ’ÿçàííÿì ïåêó÷èõ ïðîáëåì ñóñï³ëüíîãî æèòòÿ é íå ïðèéìàº ðåâîëþö³éíèõ ìåòîä³â áîðîòüáè ç «æàõëèâèì ðåæèìîì» (áî ðåâîëþö³ÿ ïðèçâîäèòü äî ðóéí³âíîãî õàîñó), çàçíà÷àþ÷è â «Ùîäåííèêó»: «Æîäíèõ ïîë³òè÷íèõ òåíäåíö³é ÿ íå ìàþ…». Â³í íå çàõîïëþºòüñÿ ³äåÿìè àáñòðàêòíî¿ ñâîáîäè, à áà÷èòü øëÿõ äîñÿãíåííÿ ëàäó â ñóñï³ëüñòâ³ ÷åðåç îñîáèñòó ìîðàëüíó çð³ë³ñòü, äóõîâíèé ñàìîðîçâèòîê ëþäåé òà ðåàëüíèé âèÿâ íèìè âëàñíî¿ âîë³ äî æèòòÿ é ñîë³äàðíî¿ ãðîìàäÿíñüêî¿ âîë³. Í³õòî íå ïðèíåñå ëþäÿì ñïàñ³ííÿ, íå îùàñëèâèòü ççîâí³, êîæåí ñàì ïîâèíåí îñèëèòè öåé øëÿõ çñåðåäèíè — âëàñíèì ñåðöåì, ðîçóìîì ³ ä³ºâ³ñòþ ïðèéòè äî âëàäíàíîãî æèòòÿ, äî ùàñòÿ. Ò³ëüêè òàêèìè âíóòð³øí³ìè é ñîë³äàðíèìè ñèëàìè ìîæëèâî äîñÿãòè ëàäó â ìàñøòàáàõ ñóñï³ëüñòâà, à íå çîâí³øí³ìè ïðèìóñîâèìè ñïîñîáàìè ïîë³òè÷íîãî íåâ³ãëàñòâà é äèêòàòóðè ïàí³âíîãî êëàñó íàä ïðèãí³÷åíèì ëþäîì, ùî ¿õ ïðîïîâ³äóâàëè ìàðêñèñòè. Ã.Âîðîíèé, ÿê ³ ³íø³ ñâ³äîì³ çåìëÿêè-ñ³âåðö³, ñïîâ³äóâàâ âèñîêèé ìîðàëüíèé ïðèíöèï óêðà¿íñüêîãî çâè÷àºâîãî, â³÷îâîãî ïðàâà, ùî éîãî ÿñíî ïî-ñó÷àñíîìó ñôîðìóëþâàâ Ï.Êóë³ø: «Ïîë³òèêà ïîâèííà ïèòàòè äîðîãè â íàóêè». Ãîëîâíà ñïðàâà æèòòÿ Ã.Âîðîíîãî — íàóêîâà ïðàöÿ, ÿêà â³äêðèâàº øëÿõ ïîäîëàííÿ ñóñï³ëüíèõ ïðîáëåì. «…Êîëè ì³é ðîçóìîâèé êðóãîç³ð ðîçøèðèòüñÿ, ìîæëèâî, âäàñòüñÿ çíàéòè ¿õ ðîçâ’ÿçàííÿ», — çàïèñàâ â³í ùå þíàêîì ó ùîäåííèêó. Áóäó÷è íàäçâè÷àéíî ÿñêðàâîþ ³íäèâ³äóàëüí³ñòþ, íàóêîâåöü ïîºäíóâàâ ó ñîá³ ÿñíèé ñâ³òîãëÿä ³ âèñîêó ìîðàëüí³ñòü ³ç ãëèáîêèìè ìàòåìàòè÷íèìè çíàííÿìè é âèäàòíèì ïåäàãîã³÷íèì òàëàíòîì. Ïðàöþþ÷è ïåðåâàæíî â ãàëóç³ òåîð³¿ ÷èñåë, Ã.Âîðîíèé ìàéæå êîæíîþ ñâîºþ ïðàöåþ çàïî÷àòêîâóâàâ íîâ³ íàïðÿìêè â ìàòåìàòèö³, â³í ñòàâ ôóíäàòîðîì òðüîõ íàéâàæëèâ³øèõ íàïðÿìê³â ó ñó÷àñí³é

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²Ì²ÄÆ UA 1(6)2009

òåîð³¿ ÷èñåë: àíàë³òè÷íî¿ òåîð³¿ ÷èñåë, ãåîìåòðè÷íî¿ òà àëãåáðà¿÷íî¿. Ïðàö³ íàóêîâöÿ, âèçíàí³ ãåí³àëüíèìè ùå çà éîãî æèòòÿ, çíàéøëè ñâîº ïðîäîâæåííÿ ñàìå â íàø ÷àñ ³ íèí³ íàáóëè ïîøèðåííÿ â áàãàòüîõ àêòóàëüíèõ íàïðÿìêàõ íàóêè, çîêðåìà, â êîìï’þòåðí³é ãðàô³ö³, ãåîìåòðè÷íîìó ìîäåëþâàíí³, êîíñòðóþâàíí³ ðîáîò³â, ðîçï³çíàâàíí³ îáðàç³â, ñòâîðåíí³ øòó÷íîãî ³íòåëåêòó, ïîáóäîâ³ ãåîãðàô³÷íèõ ³íôîðìàö³éíèõ ñèñòåì, ì³êðîá³îëîã³¿, ðàä³àö³éí³é ô³çèö³, ô³çè÷í³é õ³ì³¿, àñòðîíîì³¿, àñòðîô³çèö³, êðèñòàëîãðàô³¿, ìåäèöèí³, àðõåîëîã³¿, àíòðîïîëîã³¿, êàðòîãðàô³¿ òîùî. Ñòâîðåí³ Ã.Ô. Âîðîíèì ïîíÿòòÿ é ìåòîäè âèÿâèëèñü íàéâèùîþ ì³ðîþ ïë³äíèìè, ïðî ùî ñâ³ä÷èòü øèðîêå âæèâàííÿ ³ìåííèõ òåðì³í³â: ôîðìóëà Âîðîíîãî, ä³àãðàìà Âîðîíîãî, ìåòîä Âîðîíîãî (íà çðàçîê òåîðåìè Ï³ôàãîðà ÷è á³íîìà Íüþòîíà). Ä³àãðàìè Âîðîíîãî âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ôàõ³âö³ íàéð³çíîìàí³òí³øèõ ãàëóçåé çíàíü ïðàêòè÷íî â óñ³õ êðà¿íàõ ªâðîïè, â Àâñòðàë³¿, ÑØÀ, Êàíàä³, ßïîí³¿, Ï³âäåíí³é Êîðå¿, Ãîíêîíãó, Íîâ³é Çåëàíä³¿ òà ³í. Çà ï³äðàõóíêàìè ôàõ³âö³â ó ãàëóç³ ä³àãðàì Âîðîíîãî, ùîì³ñÿöÿ äðóêóºòüñÿ â ñåðåäíüîìó 80 íîâèõ äîñë³äæåíü, ùî áàçóþòüñÿ íà â³äêðèòòÿõ ñ³âåðñüêîãî ìàòåìàòèêà.

Ä³àãðàìè Âîðîíîãî âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ôàõ³âö³ íàéð³çíîìàí³òí³øèõ ãàëóçåé çíàíü ïðàêòè÷íî â óñ³õ êðà¿íàõ ªâðîïè, â Àâñòðàë³¿, ÑØÀ, Êàíàä³, ßïîí³¿, Ï³âäåíí³é Êîðå¿, Ãîíêîíãó, Íîâ³é Çåëàíä³¿ òà ³í. Çà ï³äðàõóíêàìè ôàõ³âö³â ó ãàëóç³ ä³àãðàì Âîðîíîãî, ùîì³ñÿöÿ äðóêóºòüñÿ â ñåðåäíüîìó 80 íîâèõ äîñë³äæåíü, ùî áàçóþòüñÿ íà â³äêðèòòÿõ ñ³âåðñüêîãî ìàòåìàòèêà.

Ìîçà¿÷íà ä³àãðàìà Âîðîíîãî

Ïðàöþþ÷è ïåðåâàæíî â ãàëóç³ òåîð³¿ ÷èñåë, Ã. Âîðîíèé ìàéæå êîæíîþ ñâîºþ ïðàöåþ çàïî÷àòêîâóâàâ íîâ³ íàïðÿìêè â ìàòåìàòèö³, â³í ñòàâ ôóíäàòîðîì òðüîõ íàéâàæëèâ³øèõ íàïðÿìê³â ó ñó÷àñí³é òåîð³¿ ÷èñåë: àíàë³òè÷íî¿ òåîð³¿ ÷èñåë, ãåîìåòðè÷íî¿ òà àëãåáðà¿÷íî¿.

ñòàíí³ ðîêè æèòòÿ Ã.Ô.Âîðîíèé çàéìàâñÿ àíàë³çîì «ïðèì³òèâíèõ» ïàðàëåëîåäð³â ³ «ðîçáèòòÿì» (ä³ëåííÿì) ïðîñòîðó íà áàãàòîãðàííèêè. Éîãî âåðøèííèì îñÿãíåííÿì ñòàëà ³äåÿ àëãîðèòìó ðîçâ’ÿçàííÿ âñ³õ ïèòàíü òåîð³¿ íåâèçíà÷åíèõ êâàäðàòè÷íèõ ôîðì: «Â÷îðà ÿ âïåðøå îñÿãíóâ ÷³òêó ³äåþ àëãîðèòìó, ÿêèé ïîâèíåí ðîçâ’ÿçàòè âñ³ ïèòàííÿ òåîð³¿ ôîðì, ÿêó ÿ ðîçãëÿäàþ, ³ â÷îðà æ ÿ ìàâ ñèëüíèé íàïàä æîâ÷íî¿ êîëüêè, ÿêèé çàâàäèâ ìåí³ ïðàöþâàòè ââå÷åð³ é íå äàâ ìîæëèâîñò³ çàñíóòè ìàéæå ö³ëó í³÷. ß òàê áîþñü, àáè ðåçóëüòàòè ìî¿õ òðèâàëèõ çóñèëü, ÿê³ ÿ òàê òÿæêî çäîáóâàâ, íå çàãèíóëè ðàçîì ç³ ìíîþ, àëå òèì ÷àñîì äîâåñòè ¿õ äî ëàäó òàê âàæêî. Áàãàòî ÷îãî ÿ ò³ëüêè âãàäóþ ÿêèìîñü ÷óòòÿì, ÿêå ñàìå òåïåð, ï³ä ÷àñ íåäóãè, ó ìåíå çàãîñòðèëîñü…», — çàô³êñóâàâ ó÷åíèé ìèòü îñÿÿííÿ â ìàòåìàòè÷íîìó ùîäåííèêó 20 ëþòîãî 1908 ðîêó, ïåðåáóâàþ÷è â Íîâî÷åðêàñüêó âèêîíóâà÷åì îáîâ’ÿçê³â äåêàíà ìåõàí³÷íîãî ôàêóëüòåòó Äîíñüêîãî ïîë³òåõí³÷íîãî ³íñòèòóòó. Ó íåêðîëîç³ ïðîôåñîð ².Ð.Áðàéöåâ (äðóã ³ êîëåãà Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî ïî Âàðøàâñüêîìó ïîë³òåõí³÷íîìó ³íñòèòóòó) âèñëîâèâ ãëèáîêèé æàëü ç ïðèâîäó òîãî, ùî ç ãðàíä³îçíî¿ ïðàö³ ç òåîð³¿ íåâèçíà÷åíèõ êâàäðàòè÷íèõ ôîðì Âîðîíèé ìàâ çìîãó âèêëàñòè íà ïàïåð³ ò³ëüêè íåâåëèêó ¿¿ ÷àñòèíó: «Íàâðÿä ÷è ç öüîãî õî÷ áè ÷àñòêîâî ìîæíà áóäå â³äòâîðèòè ò³ äóæå ìóäð³ ãåîìåòðè÷í³ ì³ðêóâàííÿ, ÿê³ ïðèâåëè äî çãàäàíîãî â ùîäåííèêó àëãîðèòìó, ùî ïðî íüîãî ïîê³éíèé çàâæäè ãîâîðèâ ³ç âåëèêèì íàòõíåííÿì ³ çàõîïëåííÿì. Àáè öå çðîáèòè, íåäîñòàòíüî â çàãàëüíèõ ðèñàõ çíàòè ò³ ì³ðêóâàííÿ, ÿêèìè êåðóâàâñÿ ïîê³éíèé ó ñâî¿õ äîñë³äæåííÿõ, à òðåáà áóòè òàêèì æå ãëèáîêèì çíàâöåì òåîð³¿ êâàäðàòè÷íèõ ôîðì ç n-çì³ííèìè, ÿêèì áóâ â³í, ïîòð³áíî âîëîä³òè òàêîþ æ äèâîâèæíîþ òåõí³êîþ â ö³é ãàëóç³, ÿêîþ ï³ä ê³íåöü ñâîãî æèòòÿ âîëîä³â íåá³æ÷èê. Äî òîãî æ, ïîòð³áíî òàê ñàìî ñàìîâ³ääàíî ëþáèòè öþ ãàëóçü ìàòåìàòè÷íî¿ íàóêè, ÿê ëþáèâ ¿¿ â³í... À ÿê â³í ëþáèâ ìàòåìàòèêó!». Ò³ëüêè ÷åðåç ÷âåðòü ñòîë³òòÿ îäèí ³ç íàéòàëàíîâèò³øèõ ó÷í³â Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî Áîðèñ Äåëîíå íàïèøå, ùî ³äåÿ éîãî â÷èòåëÿ «çíî-

âó ç’ÿâëÿºòüñÿ â ñó÷àñí³é òåîð³¿ ñòðóêòóðè òâåðäî¿ ðå÷îâèíè, ³ çàãàëîì ìîæíà ñêàçàòè, ùî öåé ôóíäàìåíòàëüíèé öèêë ³äåé Âîðîíîãî äàëåêî ùå íå çàâåðøåíèé» (Á.Äåëîíå. Þð³é Òîäîñüîâè÷ Âîðîíèé // Æóðíàë ìàòåìàòè÷íîãî öèêëó Âñåóêðà¿íñüêî¿ Àêàäåì³¿ íàóê. — Ò. 1, ¹ 2, 1933). Ãåí³é çîñåðåäæóâàâñÿ â îñíîâíîìó íà òåîð³¿ ³ððàö³îíàëüíîñòåé ³ ñèñòåìàòèçóâàâ óñ³ ñâî¿ ìàòåìàòè÷í³ â³äêðèòòÿ â ãàëóç³ òåîð³¿ ÷èñåë ó ïåðñïåêòèâ³ îñÿãíåííÿ Âñåºäèíîãî Ëàäó ÿê ñòðóêòóðíî¿ îðãàí³çîâàíîñò³ Âñåñâ³òó, éîãî çäîáóòêè íàáóâàþòü íèí³ ïîøèðåííÿ â äîñë³äæåííÿõ íå ò³ëüêè ìàòåìàòè÷íî¿, à é êîñìîëîã³÷íî¿ òà ìîðàëüíî-ô³ëîñîôñüêî¿ ïðîáëåìàòèêè — â åçîòåðèö³ òà åêçîòåðèö³. Îñìèñëþþ÷è ³äå¿-îñÿÿííÿ Ã.Âîðîíîãî ùîäî ðîçì³ðåííÿ ïðîñòîðó â ïîºäíàíí³ ç íàéíîâ³øèìè çäîáóòêàìè ìàòåìàòè÷íèõ, ô³çè÷íèõ ³ ô³ëîñîôñüêèõ ìåòîä³â ï³çíàííÿ, ìîæíà çðîáèòè âèñíîâîê, ùî éîãî «ôóíäàìåíòàëüíèé öèêë ³äåé» ïåðåäóº íîâ³òí³ì â³äêðèòòÿì ó áàãàòüîõ ãàëóçÿõ çíàíü. Ãåí³é íå ò³ëüêè çáàãíóâ ïðèíöèï ñàìîîðãàí³çàö³¿ ïðîñòîðó, à é ñÿãíóâ äæåðåëà Âñåºäèíîãî Ëàäó, ÿêå ïåðåáóâàº ïîçà ïðîñòîðîì ³ ÷àñîì òà âëàäîâóº ¿õ. Â³í ïðàãíóâ ïîºäíàòè ïðîñò³ð ³ ÷àñ ó áåçìåææ³ é áåçâ³÷íîñò³. Ñàìå

Ëàä — äóõîâíèé ïåðâ³íü ³ ñèñòåìîòâîð÷èé ïðèíöèï, ïðîâ³äíèé ÷èííèê æèòòÿ â Óêðà¿íñüêîìó ñâ³ò³, õàðàêòåðíà ðèñà óêðà¿íñüêîãî äóõîâíîãî òèïó, ÿñêðàâèì íîñ³ºì ÿêîãî ñòàâ ³ Ãåîðã³é Âîðîíèé. ÷åðåç êâàäðàòè÷íó ôîðìó ÿê ïðîñòîðîâèé âèÿâ æèòòºðîäíî¿ ñóòíîñò³ â çåìíîìó ñâ³ò³ Ã.Âîðîíèé îñÿãàâ ïðèíöèï îðãàí³çàö³¿ ïðîñòîðó ³ âãàäóâàâ «ÿêèìîñü ÷óòòÿì» íàÿâí³ñòü äæåðåëà ñâ³òîâîãî Ëàäó. Çàñòîñîâóþ÷è öåé ìåòîä Âîðîíîãî äî åòíîëîã³¿ é åòíîãåîãðàô³¿, ìîæíà äîñë³äèòè, çîêðåìà, ÿêèì ÷èíîì íàðîä ðîçì³ðþº, îðãàí³çîâóº, âëàäîâóº êóëüòóðíèé ³ ãåîïîë³òè÷íèé ïðîñò³ð ñâîº¿ åòí³÷íî¿ òåðèòîð³¿ é ÿê³ ÷èííèêè ôîðìóþòü ïðîñòîðîâó ôîðìó êðà¿íè íà çåìí³é ïîâåðõí³ òà âèçíà÷àþòü ¿¿ ÷àñîâ³ (â³êîâ³) ïàðàìåòðè. Äæåðåëî ìàòåìàòè÷íèõ çíàíü ïðî ëàäîâó, ãàðìîí³éíó îñíîâó ñâ³òîòâîðåííÿ é äæåðåëî íàö³îíàëüíîãî äóõó, ñèëîþ ÿêîãî íàðîä òâîðèòü êóëüòóðíèé ïðîñò³ð ñâîãî åòí³÷íîãî ñâ³òó, áåçïîñåðåäíüî ïîâ’ÿçàí³ ç ïåðøîäæåðåëîì ñâ³òîâîãî Ëàäó — Âñåºäèíèì Äóõîì-Ðîçóìîì. ßê æå Âñåºäèíèé óëàäîâóº ïðîñò³ð ³ ÷àñ? Ïðîñò³ð ðîçâèâàºòüñÿðîçì³ðþºòüñÿ ç åô³ðó (âàêóóìó) ³ çãîðòàºòüñÿ â åô³ð; ÷àñ âèò³êàº-ðîçì³ðþºòüñÿ ç áåçâ³÷íîñò³ é ïëèíå â áåçâ³÷í³ñòü. Åô³ð ³ áåçâ³÷í³ñòü ñòàíîâëÿòü ñîáîþ íåðîçä³ëüíó ñóáñòàíö³þ, ÿêà ºäíàº ñîáîþ ïðîñò³ð ³ ÷àñ.

Ñàìå â í³é ïåðåáóâàº ñâ³òîòâîð÷èé ïåðâ³íü Âñåºäèíîãî Ëàäó. Ñàìå çâ³äñè, ÿê ó äàâíèíó êàçàëè — ç åô³ðó, à íèí³ — ç âàêóóìó, â ÿêîìó ïóëüñóº áåçâ³÷í³ñòü, âèò³êàº òâîð÷à åíåðã³ÿ Âñåºäèíîãî — ÿñíèé, ÷èñòèé ïî÷àòîê æèòòºòâîðåííÿ. Âàêóóì — öå âñåºäèíå ³íôîðìàö³éíå ïîëå, äå øâèäê³ñòü ïîøèðåííÿ ³íôîðìàö³¿ ÷åðåç âàêóóìí³ êîëèâàííÿ ïåðåâèùóº øâèäê³ñòü ñâ³òëà. Ùå çà äàâí³ìè âåäè÷íèìè çíàííÿìè îð³éñüêèõ (ñîíöåñïîâ³äóâàëüíèõ) íàðîä³â, ï³äòâåðäæåíèìè åëë³í³ñòè÷íîþ íàóêîþ, ïëàí óëàäóâàííÿ Âñåñâ³òó (ñâ³òîâî¿ âñåºäíîñò³) ìàº ìàòåìàòè÷íó ñóòí³ñòü. ² ò³ëüêè ìàòåìàòè÷í³ çíàííÿ — íàéäàâí³ø³ é íàéóòàºìíè÷åí³ø³ ç óñ³õ çíàíü — ñïðîìîæí³ îñÿãíóòè òîé óñåºäèíèé ïëàí ãàðìîí³éíî-÷èñëîâîãî âëàäóâàííÿ Êîñìîñó. «Ñóòü ðå÷åé — ÷èñëà» — òàêà çàñàäíè÷à ôîðìóëà Ï³ôàãîð³éñüêî¿ ô³ëîñîôñüêî-òåîñîôñüêî¿ øêîëè (Ï³ôàãîð³éñüêîãî ñîþçó), ùî çàñâ³ä÷óº ãëèáèííå îñÿãíåííÿ âëàäîâàíîñò³ ñâ³òîâî¿ âñåºäíîñò³ çà äîïîìîãîþ ÷èñåë, ÿê³ º ïðîì³æíîþ ëàíêîþ ì³æ áåçâ³÷íèìè ñóòíîñòÿìè, ùî ïåðåáóâàþòü ïîçà ÷àñîì ³ ïðîñòîðîì, òà ÷óòòºâîþ ðåàëüí³ñòþ é ëþäñüêîþ ñâ³äîì³ñòþ.

ñê³ëüêè ìàòåìàòèêà çàâäÿêè ñâîºìó ãåðìåòèçìó çàõèùåíà é â³ä äîãìàò³â ðåë³ã³¿, é â³ä äîãì ìàòåð³àë³ñòè÷íî¿ ô³ëîñîô³¿, âîíà áåçïîñåðåäíüî îñÿãàº ²ñòèíó é ïðèâîäèòü ïåðåäîâó íàóêîâó äóìêó äî âèçíàííÿ ³ñíóâàííÿ äóõîâíî¿ ä³éñíîñò³ — âèñîêî÷àñòîòíî¿ ïóëüñàö³¿ òîíêî¿ æèòòºòâîð÷î¿ åíåðã³¿ ó ôîðì³ âàêóóìíèõ êîëèâàíü. À äóõîâí³ñòü ëþäèíè — öå âèñîêî÷àñòîòíèé ñïåêòð êîëèâàíü ¿¿ âíóòð³øíüî¿ åíåðã³¿. Íåùîäàâíî àìåðèêàíñüêèé ìàòåìàòèê ³ ô³ëîñîô Ìàéêë Ãåëëåð ìàòåìàòè÷íèìè ðîçðàõóíêàìè ó äóñ³ «ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîãî öèêëó ³äåé» Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî äîâ³â ³ñíóâàííÿ ëàäîâíî¿ ïåðâèíè ó ñâ³òîâ³é Âñåºäíîñò³ — Âñåºäèíîãî. Îñÿãíåííÿ Âîðîíîãî é Ãåëëåðà çàñâ³ä÷óþòü, ùî Âñåºäèíèé º ïåðøîäæåðåëîì Âñåñâ³òó, ïåðøîäæåðåëîì ìàòåìàòè÷íèõ çàêîí³â, çà äîïîìîãîþ ÿêèõ îñÿãàºìî ñâ³òîâèé Ëàä, à òàêîæ òâîð÷îãî äóõó òà ìîðàëüíîãî çàêîíó â ëþäèí³, çà äîïîìîãîþ ÿêèõ óçãîäæóºìî ñâîº æèòòÿ ³ç Âñåºäèíèì Ëàäîì. Ëàä — äóõîâíèé ïåðâ³íü ³ ñèñòåìîòâîð÷èé ïðèíöèï, ïðîâ³äíèé ÷èííèê æèòòÿ â Óêðà¿íñüêîìó ñâ³ò³, õàðàêòåðíà ðèñà óêðà¿íñüêîãî äóõîâíîãî òèïó, ÿñêðàâèì íîñ³ºì ÿêîãî ñòàâ ³ Ãåîðã³é Âîðîíèé. Ëàä — âèçíà÷àëüíà îñîáëèâ³ñòü óêðà¿íñüêî¿ êóëüòóðè, ÿê Äàî — êèòàéñüêî¿, Áðàìà — ³íä³éñüêî¿ (âåäè÷íî¿), Åô³ð, Ïëàçìà àáî Êâ³íòåñåíö³ÿ (ï’ÿòèé åëåìåíò) — åëë³íñüêî¿. Ð³çí³ íàðîäè ïî-ñâîºìó íàçèâàþòü ïåðâ³íü òâîðåííÿ ñâ³òó ÷åðåç ëþäñüêó êóëüòóðó, òà ñóòü êóëüòóðè ºäèíà — öå äèíàì³÷íà ñèñòåìà ñàìîîðãàí³çàö³¿, ñàìîðîçâèòêó, ñàìîâ³äòâîðåííÿ ëþäñüêîãî ñâ³òó ñèëîþ íàö³îíàëüíîãî äóõó. Çà Ãðèãîð³ºì Ñêîâîðîäîþ, êóëü-

Àìåðèêàíñüêèé ìàòåìàòèê ³ ô³ëîñîô Ìàéêë Ãåëëåð ìàòåìàòè÷íèìè ðîçðàõóíêàìè ó äóñ³ «ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîãî öèêëó ³äåé» Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî äîâ³â ³ñíóâàííÿ ëàäîâíî¿ ïåðâèíè ó ñâ³òîâ³é Âñåºäíîñò³ — Âñåºäèíîãî. Îñÿãíåííÿ Âîðîíîãî é Ãåëëåðà çàñâ³ä÷óþòü, ùî Âñåºäèíèé º ïåðøîäæåðåëîì Âñåñâ³òó, ïåðøîäæåðåëîì ìàòåìàòè÷íèõ çàêîí³â, çà äîïîìîãîþ ÿêèõ îñÿãàºìî ñâ³òîâèé Ëàä, à òàêîæ òâîð÷îãî äóõó òà ìîðàëüíîãî çàêîíó â ëþäèí³.

òóðà — öå «äðóãå íàðîäæåííÿ», äóõîâíå íàðîäæåííÿ ëþäèíè, öå îñÿãíåííÿ «áîæåñòâåííîãî â ñîá³». Â öüîìó ñóòü êóëüòóðè ÿê ñàìîòâîðåííÿ, ñàìîðåàë³çàö³¿ ëþäèíè íà ìîðàëüíèõ çàñàäàõ Óñåºäèíîãî Ëàäó. Âñåºäèíèé æèòòºòâîð÷èé ïåðâ³íü ïåðåáóâàº ïîçà ÷àñîì ³ ïðîñòîðîì (ó áåçâ³÷íîñò³âàêóóì³) é ïðîÿâëÿºòüñÿ ÿê ä³ÿ âñåºäèíîãî ìîðàëüíîãî çàêîíó ÷åðåç ñåðöå é äóøó â ÷àñîïðîñòîð³ ëþäñüêîãî æèòòÿ. Õòî äîòðèìóºòüñÿ ìîðàëüíîãî çàêîíó Âñåºäèíîãî Ëàäó â ñåðö³, òîé æèâå çã³äíî ç³ ñâîºþ ïðèðîäîþ â ²ñòèí³ — äîñòîéíî çä³éñíþº ïðîãðàìó ñâîº¿ áåçñìåðòíî¿ äóø³. «Ôóíäàìåíòàëüíèé öèêë ³äåé» Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî ìîæíà íàçâàòè ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîþ ìàòåìàòè÷íîþ òåîð³ºþ ëàäîòâîðåííÿ. Ëàäîòâîðåííÿ — öå ä³ºâ³ñòü òâîð÷îãî Äóõó-Ðîçóìó é ìîðàëüíî¿ æèòòºâî¿ âîë³. À ìàòåìàòè÷íà òåîð³ÿ ëàäîòâîðåííÿ Âîðîíîãî — äîâåäåííÿ íàÿâíîñò³ âñåºäèíî¿ òâîð÷î¿ ïåðâèíè, ÿêà ðîçì³ðþº-âëàäîâóº íàéð³çíîìàí³òí³ø³ ôîðìè æèòòÿ ó ñâ³òîâ³é Âñåºäíîñò³ çã³äíî ç Óñåºäèíèì ìîðàëüíèì çàêîíîì. Ñìèñëîì ëþäñüêîãî æèòòÿ º äóõîâíà íàïîâíåí³ñòü ñåðöÿ, ùî º ñóòòþ ñàìî¿ ëþäèíè. Ñåðöåì ëþäèíà òÿæ³º äî ñâîãî ð³äíîãî — çåìë³, ñ³ì’¿, íàðîäó, ìîâè. Â ñåðö³ ïîºäíóþòüñÿ ëþäÿí³ñòü ³ ïàòð³îòèçì. Ó êîæíîìó ñåðö³ æèâå ÷àñòî÷êà ð³äíî¿ êðà¿íè. Øëÿõ â³ä ëþäèíè äî ëþäèíè, â³ä íàðîäó äî íàðîäó ïðîëÿãàº ÷åðåç ñåðöÿ. Äóõîâíèé îð³ºíòèð ñåðöÿ — ïðîâ³äíà ñèëà óêðà¿íñüêî¿ é çàãàëüíîºâðîïåéñüêî¿ ñîáîðíîñò³. Ìè âèçíà÷àºìî ñâîº ìàéáóòíº â íèí³øí³ ìèò³ òâîð÷îãî íàòõíåííÿ, ÿêå ïóëüñóº â íàøèõ ñåðöÿõ. Íåçàáàðîì äóõîâíà ñèëà ëþäñüêèõ ñåðäåöü ôîðìóâàòèìå ëàä â Óêðà¿íñüêîìó ñâ³ò³, íàëàãîäæóâàòèìå âçàºìîä³þ íàö³îíàëüíèõ êóëüòóð ó ñâ³òîâîìó êóëüòóðíî-öèâ³ë³çàö³éíîìó ïðîñòîð³. Äóõîâíèì ïðîâ³äíèêîì ó ö³é ÿñí³é ïåðñïåêòèâ³ º ãåí³é Ãåîðã³ÿ Âîðîíîãî — òâîðöÿ ìàòåìàòè÷íî¿ òåîð³¿ Ëàäó. Îëåêñàíäåð ØÎÊÀËÎ, ïèñüìåííèê, êóëüòóðîñîô

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Genius of mathematics with a ukrainian

…I always try to reach everything by heart, but not by mind. Georgij VORONYJ

The source of energy for the genius heart

is native land, Pryudajska Siwershchuna, rich in natural resources, beautiful landscapes and historical monuments, became this source of energy for Georgij Voronyj. The Voronyj family participated in the discovery of an ancient archaeological culture — Gyravska palaeolithic stand, which is more than 12 thousand years old. Geologist Andrew Voronyj — son of the Georgij’s elder brother Mychajlo Voronyj — discovered this settlement and took part in researching it. The native village of Georgij Voronyj — Gyravka — is situated in the central part of Pryudajska Siwershchuna and its culture-economical revival is connected with the selfless activity of the Voronyj family. Gyravka is mentioned in documents from 1618, from 1666 it is registered as a small town and from 1672 — as a centre of Gyravska sotnia of the Pryluckuj regiment, which was formed also from such villages as Ladan, Makijivka, Kylushivka, Antonivka. In 1782-1802 Gyravka was a part of Pryluckuj regiment and in 1802-1923 — the Pyrjatunskyj regiment. Gyravka had been a part of Prylucka district since 1923 and then it became a centre of the Soviet of the village of the Varvunsk region Chernihiv oblast. In the 18th century a notable Cossack family group, Voronyj, these came from an old Cossack root and gave many great people to Ukraine, settled in Gyravka. Their great-greatgrandfathers were kuren otamans in the host and Georgij’s grand-father — Jakiv Voronyj — settled on guravska land as a cossack— villager by birth with the title of a foreman. Georgij’s father — Feodosij (1837–1910) is famous for his enlightened activity: he was one of the initiators of the free Sunday schools for working youth, while studying in the Kyiv University. Feodosij Voronyj, Mychajlo Dragomanov, Ivan Sikorskyj were among those 17 students who signed a letter from the 14th September 1859 to Pirogov, who was a trustee of the Kyiv educational district, requesting to open a Sunday school in Podil. Taras Shevchenko passed 50 copies of his «Kobzar» for the school in Podil through Feodosij Voronyj. Olena Pchilka highly appreciated this civic example, worth imitat-

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ing: she called Feodosij Voronyj «a citizen with a capital letter» in one of her essays, describing events with a national meaning for Kyiv University during the end of 50-s and beginning of 60-s of the 19th century. Voronyj worked as a teacher in Nemuriv high school, as a philology professor in Nigun lyceum and as a director in the high schools in Kishinev, Berdiansk and Priluki. After he retired, he built a school for the village children with his own funds in his native Guravka, set up a national free library, which has worked since 1898. The funds of the library were enlarged for more than one thousands volumes The elder son of Feodosij Voronyj, Michajlo, who worked at agriculture, selection and medicinal plants, formed the bases of varietal horticulture and industrial cultivation of mint together with his father. Thanks to the Voronyj family, one of the first factories in the whole Russian Empire of medicinal plants was built in 1885, processing mint and sweet-flag oil, of the black mallow, marjoram and sage etc. The mint business developed in the whole Prilucka region and gave the villagers their biggest income. And the mint plant in Guravka was famous for the whole Ukraine and had already worked 10 years. Owing to the Voronyj family Guravka revived on the verge of the XIX–XX centuries and became the centre of the national education and culture of managing and family life. On the 16(28) of April 1868 the fourth and the last child of Feodosij and Kleopatra Voronyj, Georgij, was born. After Georgij Voronyj finished Prilucka high school (1885) and graduated from St Petersburg university (1889), was presented his master’s degree (1894) and doctor’s degree (1897) thesis, he worked as a professor in Warsaw university and held down one more job — professor of the Warsaw polytechnic institute and held the post of dean of the mechanical faculty for a few years. In 1907 Georgij Voronyj was chosen as a corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Science. Georgij Voronyj attained great success in investigating problems, which outrun mathematics and number theory during

the 12 years of his creative work on the «thorny field» of science. He was told of his genius during his life. The most enigmatic science, «queen of mathematics» — numbers theory — became a polestar for Georgij Voronyj. He even wrote in his dairy: «Only mathematics, as a bright star shines for me, I rely on it…» (1889, 6th of August, Sunday). He did everything to comprehend the Truth, he didn’t even take care of his health — worked to the last moment of his life, dieing because of gallstones. Georgij Voronyj died on the 7 (20) of November 1908 in Warsaw, being on the highest peak of his creative spirit in his heart and exhausted from the creative tension and illness. According to the will of the Ukrainian scientist, his embalmed body Ñèí Ã.Ô.Âîðîíîãî âèäàòíèé õ³ðóðã Ã.Ã.Âîðîíèé (ë³âîðó÷) á³ëÿ áàòüê³âñüêî¿ õàòè â Æóðàâö³. 1946 ð. Ôîòî ç àðõ³âó Ã.Þ.Âîðîíî¿

G.G.Voronyj, the son of the famous surgeon G.F. Voronyj at the parental house in Juravka. 1946. Photo from the family archive was buried in his native Guravka in a specially built feretory in the public cemetery not far from the Vornij family estate. Feodosij Voronyj and his eldest son Michajlo lived and worked at gardening here. People still call this place, where no sign of the former gardens remain, Sadova. The grandfather of Georgij Voronyj — Jakiv Voronyj — bought this land and his son, Feodosij, got it by right of inheritance. There was one more ground of Jakov Voronyj, westwards of this place, on Kulagina. This land was inherited by the youngest grandson — Georgij, who cultivated this place, built a one-storied wooden house, which had all the characteristic features of the Ukrainian country seat of the Õ²Õ — ÕÕ centuries: it had an original branched planning scheme, modeling on the ceiling, stoves made of white dale, with blue lilies painted on it, a kitchen with a village stove, carving on the annexes and brick pilasters on the corners and facades. Feodosij planned to make a small lake, connected with the river, 40 meters from the house, in the flood plain of the Udaj. There were rows of trees planted between the house and lake, along the country seat and the garden and greenhouse were made from the south

side, facing the sun. The country seat of Georgij Voronyj was also called «the cottage of Georgij Voronyj in Burti», as noted on the photos of that time. All the children of the Voronyj family were born here and Georgij Voronyj came here every summer with his family. He had a special creative inspiration in this place — almost all his scientific works were written here.

eorgij Voronyj maintained connections with his native village and all Pryudajska Siwershchuna during his life: even as a student he came here every summer to revive after a foreign land and to hearten his creative spirit. Georgij made a note in his diary when he was leaving his native lands after holidays: «I sit on my horse, say goodbye to everybody — and here is the end of everything, what made my life valuable during four months and what would be the reason for my severity and coldness for the whole year in Petersburg. … Goodbye, Guravka! I will enfold in my armor till next spring and see this summer in my dreams…» (1889, 6 of August, Sunday). A Clear Ukrainian heart was the source of the genius flashes of inspiration of the Voronyj’s mind; it connected him with the lifegiving power of his native land. An inner landmark was always determinative for Georgij. As he always told: «…I always try to reach everything by heart, but not by mind» … That is why we remember him as a «truthful, delicate and warm-hearted person»… Heartiness and kindness were always determinative in the life of the whole Voronyj family. One daughter of Georgiy Voronyj, Marija VoronaVasulenko (1900-1984) served a 10 year imprisonment (1945-1955) and exile on Sakhalin (the conviction was cancelled in 1960), but she didn’t become hard-hearted and reminded us before her death: «My grandfather, father, his brothers and children were true, because we were taught never to think about wealth, — we have never been rich — and not to think even about fame, only about the fame of Ukraine». The moral power of true people is in their disinterested love of the native land, because they follow their conscience — the inner moral law of their heart. What do the dishonest follow, what do they exist for?... all the gardens, grown to the best of Voronyj family ability, were cut down, both country seats were destroyed and the widow of Georgiy Voronyj, Olga was told to leave the village (She took her youngest daughter and grandchildren to Jagotun, where her elder son Oleksandr worked as a doctor). The feretory, were Georgij Voronyj was buried, was destroyed and his remains were buried in his father’s grave (Feodosij Voronyj died in two years after his son’s death). There was no sign on the grave for a long time. Only in 1953 peasants put the place of their interment in good order and in 1983 a metal pyramid with the fivepointed star was put there — a typical sign of the communist regime… when in 1982 I saw this blasphemy, I indignantly asked local head: «Who is lying in this grave — a Red Army soldier

or a world known scientist? What would those scientists from all over the world see and think, should they come here?..» Soon after all this, scientists from the Kyiv Institute of mathematics came to Guravka and I heard their conversation with the local head from the researcher of Voronyj’s life and creative work, G.M.Sita… That ill-fated pyramid was taken away owing to the leaders of the state farm «Guravskij» and in 1983 they set a granite stela and wrote on it: «A Great Russian mathematician»… Ukraine isn’t officially Russia for such a long period of time but the local authority hasn’t still worthily put the interment of the Ukrainian genius in good order. They say that there is no money. But we can see that there is no conscience… It

Heartiness and kindness were always determinative in the life of the whole Voronyj family. One daughter of Georgiy Voronyj, Marija Vorona-Vasulenko (1900-1984) served a 10 year imprisonment (1945-1955) and exile on Sakhalin (the conviction was cancelled in 1960), but she didn’t become hard-hearted and reminded us before her death: «My grandfather, father, his brothers and children were true, because we were taught never to think about wealth, — we have never been rich — and not to think even about fame, only about the fame of Ukraine».

shows that our present generation doesn’t remember the devotee-patriotic and noble Voronyj family. These are the consequences of the devastating collectivization and famine — the killing of just and true people and extermination of civic liberty… «The Voronyj family were hard-working people», — reminded knowing old inhabitants. All the family worked without cease and not only for themselves, but for the whole village. And what a superhuman work was done by the scientist to make such genius discoveries for the whole of humanity! Moreover, he had to take care of his six children and seven nieces and nephews, because his sister became a widow too early. The sons of Georgij Voronyj, Georgij (Jurij) and Oleksandr made a great contribution into development of Ukrainian medicine: Jurij Voronyj worked at the problem of fusion of the tissues and organs and made the first operation in the world of the corpse kidney transplantation to a sick person (Kharkiv, 1933); Oleksandr Voronyj invented a way to cure cancer (Jagotin, 1938) but soon after he was denounced and arrested and he died in exile. All the Voronyj family suffered from repressions and distress…

On the country seat of Georgij Voronyj were left whole too few things: the house, where an elementary school was placed, the oak near it, which was planted by Georgij Voronyj on the 7 (20) of May 1900 when his daughter Marija was born and also some of those trees, which grew along the country and a lake… in 1946 the son of Georgij Voronyj, Jurij, came to his native land, where he was born on the 9 (22) of August 1895, after a long separation. And in 1970 a daughter of G.Voronyj, Marija, came to Guravka after imprisonment and banishment. Form this point began a strange story, on the one hand, of saving and on another hand, of the destruction of the memorial house and memory of the mathematics genius Georgij Voronyj in Guravka… By the decision of a Chernigiv regional council of the public deputies #286 from the 31 of May 1971 «the memorial house of Georgij Voronyj is registered as a historical memorial and the borders of its protective zone is set in 10m radius from it», but still the local leaders ignored all the requests of the Institute of mathematics of AS of Ukraine, since 1986 to set the protective sign on the house and make a museum of a great mathematician there. On the 29 of October 1993, by the presentation of the director of the Institute of mathematics of AS of Ukraine, Corresponding Member A.M.Samojlenko, Presidium of the AS of Ukraine arrived at a decision that «the house of the corresponding member of the Russian AS Voronyj in Guravka, Chernigiv region should be restored» and the Institute of mathematics must take the problem of the house restoration and the making of a memorial museum of the great mathematician there under its control. According to this document, the director of the Institute of mathematics of AS of Ukraine A.M.Samojlenko immediately applied for the representative of the President of Ukraine in Varvunsk region, Chernigiv oblast M.O.Galushka with the request «to make an edict about taking care of the house to avoid its break-down and about its temporary closing-down for winter». At the same time, there was a mean campaign of its complete destruction. In October 1993 this unique historical memorial was razed to the ground… During the 22nd and 28th of November 2008 the Dragomanov National Pedagogical University together with the Researching Centre of the Voronyj’s diagrams organized the V International Symposium of the Voronyj’s diagrams and their usage in science and techniques and the IV International conference in honor of G.Voronyj in Seoul. More than 80 scientists from 20 countries took part in these international scientific measures. On the 26 of September the representative delegation of the conference members visited the motherland of Georgiy Voronyj — Guravka.

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This year’s visit of the Voronyj birth and death place, made an oppressive impression on the members of this trip… There is no scent of the memorial house and there is a neighbor’s vegetable garden on that holy land, where Georgij Voronyj made his genius discoveries of a planetary scope. And under that memorial oak… a pig in a fence, just like in the classic fable «Pig under the venerable oak…»… This view induced them to actions. The members of Chernigiv clannishness prepared the project— estimated documentation to put the place around the grave in good order, set the monument and open a class-museum of mathematics. The place for the class-museum has been already given in the Voronyj secondary school in Guravka. There is a place with the material about

the Voronyj family in the school museum of regional ethnography. The Ukrainian and scientific world has initiated the renewal of the Voronyj memorial house on the place, where his country seat was situated (self-adorated land hasn’t been privatized yet). It is needed to make an appropriate valuation of the illegal actions of the local power and renew this historic-cultural memorial — the house of the world known scientist and make the Museum of Voronyj and history of the village, which is connected with the selfless activity of Voronyj family. Some people from the former authorities repent that they assented to the pulling down of the Voronyj memorial house, but it is too late. They should expiate by deeds, but not words… Re-

newal of everything connected with the name of Georgij Voronyj is the moral duty of those, who participated in all this. And all fellow countrymen have to do homage to this genius, to honour and spread his spiritually-intellectual heritage… Everybody should look into his soul to find his life role, ask his heart about the conscientious and truthful life way in Harmony. Humanity and people can be still alive until the spiritual sacred objects, gained by the devotees are still alive in people’s hearts. And those, who have no spiritual value, won’t leave any sign after themselves. Isn’t it the reason of those awful deeds to sweep away all the memories about real people, who beat the way of Harmony amid this hopeless chaos? But they strive in vain — spiritual straining is perpetual…

Of the mathematic harmony theory

eorgij Voronyj remains in the Ukrainian and world history not only as a genius scientist, but also as a person of a rare nobleness and generosity one of the greatest Truth votary — spiritual devotee. Colleagues remembered Georgij Voronyj as an extremely hard-working and self-denying scientist. Professor Voronyj had more than 18 years of state work on the post «in V class» in his track record, he was a civil adviser, bearer of the orders of St.Volodimir of the 2 grade, St.Anna of the 2 grade and St.Stanislav of the 2 grade, had a silver medal in commemoration of emperor Oleksandr III reign… But even with all these ranks and regalia, Voronyj was known as a «truthful, thoughtful and warm-hearted person»… Georgij started to think about solving urgent problems of social life while he was still very young and he didn’t accept those revolutionary methods of struggling with that «terrible regime» (because revolution leads to destructive chaos), this is what he wrote in his diary: «I have no political tendencies…». He didn’t like ideas about abstract freedom, he saw the way of reaching harmony in society through personal moral maturity, people’s spiritual development and a real expression of their own volition to life and solid civil volition. Nobody would redeem people, make them happy, everybody should make this way from the inside — come to authoritative life, to happiness by their heart, mind and efficiency. You can come to the harmony on a society scale only by such inner and solid strength, but not by the outer compulsory methods of political ignorance and the dictatorship of the ruling class under the oppressed people, propagated by Marxists. G.Voronyj, as many other his fellow countrymen, adhered to the moral principle of the Ukrainian customary, veche law, which was formulated in the up-to-date way by P.Kulish: «Politics must ask the science about its way». Scientific work, which opens the ways to over-

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come social problems, is the main life cause of Georgij Voronyj. «…Maybe I could solve them if my intellectual outlook broadens» — this is a note in his diary in the years of youth. The scientist was a very lively personality and joined in himself a precise world outlook and high morality with the deep mathematical knowledge and a prominent pedagogical talent. As Voronyj mostly worked in the sphere of the numbers theory, he started many new ways in mathematics and became a founder of the three most important tendencies in modern numbers theory: analytic numbers theory, geometric and algebraic. The Construction of Works of this scientist were deemed genius while he was alive and they found their continuation in our time and became popular in many actual spheres of science, in particular, in computer graphics, geometrical modeling, robots constructing, forms recognition, creation of an artificial intellect, construction of the geographical information systems, microbiology, radiation physics, physical chemistry, astronomy, astrophysics, crystallography, medicine, archaeology, anthropology, cartography etc. Concepts and methods, originated by G.Voronyj, were found very prolific, what is affirmed by the wide usage of nominal terms: formula of Voronyj, diagram of Voronyj, method of Voronyj (after a model Pythagorean proposition or Binomial theorem). Specialists of different knowledge spheres practically in all European countries, Australia, USA, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, New Zealand etc. Use Voronyj diagrams. Specialists in the sphere of Voronyj diagrams counted up that on the average 80 new investigations, based on the discoveries of this great mathematician are published every month. In the last years of his life, Voronyj analyzed «primitive» parallelograms and «broke» (divided) the space into the polyhedrons. His

idea of the algorithm of all problems of the indeterminable square root forms theory solution was his top comprehension: «Yesterday I understood a clear idea of the algorithm, which has to answer all questions of the numbers theory, which I examine and at the same time, yesterday I had a strong attack of a bilious colic, which impeded me to work in the evening and I couldn’t sleep for the whole night because of this. I am afraid that all the results of my durable efforts could die with me, but it is so difficult to set them to rights. I guess many things with the help of some sense, which exacerbated during my illness…» — this is a note in the mathematical diary about the moment of strike on the 20th of February 1908, when he worked in Novocherkask as an executor of the dean duties of the mechanical faculty of Donskij polytechnic institute. Professor Brajcev (friend and a colleague of Voronyj by the Warsaw polytechnic institute) expressed a great sorrow in his necrologies, apropos of the fact, that Voronyj could write down only a small part of his grandiose work about the theory of square root forms: «I don’t think that we can even partly reproduce those wise geometrical estimations, which brought the scientist to the algorithm, mentioned in the diary. It is not enough to know all the thoughts, which directed the defunct in his investigation, in general outline, we should be great experts in the theory of square root forms with n— variables, as Voronyj, we must know all that wonderful techniques in this sphere, which the defunct new at the end of his life. And of course we must love this sphere of science in the same way as he loved it… He loved mathematics unbelievably! » Only in a quarter of a century one of the most talented students of G.Voronyj, Boris Delone would write that the idea of his teacher «appears in the modern theory of a hard material structure and we can say that this fundamental cycle of Voronyj’s ideas isn’t finished jet».

Êëàñ ô³çèêè â Ïðèëóöüê³é ÷îëîâ³÷³é ã³ìíàç³¿, äå íàâ÷àâñÿ Ãåîðã³é Âîðîíèé. Ôîòî Â.².Ìàñëîâà ç àðõ³âó éîãî îíóêè Î.Î.Êëî÷êî The class of physics in the men gymnasium in Pryluki were Georgij Voronyj studied. Photo from the family archive In general genius concentrated on the theory of irrationality and systematized all his mathematical discoveries in the sphere of the numbers theory in the prospect of the United Harmony covering. As an organized structure of the Universe, his achievements shredded in the investigations, not only of the mathematical, but also cosmological and moral and philosophical range of problems, such as esotericism and exotericism. While giving a meaning (interpreting) of G.Voronyj’s ideas about measuring the space using the newest achievements of mathematical, physical and philosophical methods of cognition (knowledge), we can make the conclusion that his «fundamental cycle of ideas» precedes the newest discoveries in different spheres of science. Genius not only comprehended the principal of self organization of the space, but he reached the source of United Harmony, that is beyond space and time and it regulates them. He wanted to connect space and time in the infinity and eternity. Exactly via quadratic form as spatial expression of the essence of the world G.Voronyj understood the principal of organization of the spaced and guessed with «some fillings» the existence of the world Harmony source. Using this method to the ethnology and ethno-geography especially we can see how people measure, organize and settle cultural and geopolitical space of its ethnic territory and what factors form spatial shape of the country on the globe and identify its time (age) parameters. The source of the mathematical knowledge about harmonious base of the world creation and the source the national spirit (mind), which helps people to create cultural space of its eth-

nic world, directly connected with the origin of the world Harmony — with the single spirit and mind. How do the single spirit and mind harmonize space and time? The space develops from air (vacuum) and turns in the air (vacuum), time begins from eternity and goes to eternity. Air and eternity are indivisible substance, which unites time and space. According to the ancient Vedaism knowledge of the îð³éñüêèõ nations, plan of the universe organization has a mathematical nature. And only the mathematical knowledge — the oldest and the most secret of all knowledge — can comprehend that united plan of the harmonious and numerical ruling over the space. «The essence of the things is numbers» — this is the basic formula of the Pifagor philosophical and theosophical schools (Pifagor unit), which attests that numbers completely control the world unity and that they are a intermediate link between the eternal essentials, which are behind the time and space, as well as sensual reality and humane consciousness. Mathematics directly comprehends the Truth and leads up the forward scientific idea to acceptance of the spiritual reality existence — high-frequency pulsation of delicate life-creating energy in the form of the vacuum vibrations, because mathematics is protected from both religion dogmas and dogmas of the materialistic philosophy thanks to its hermeticity. And the spiritual state of a person is a high-frequency vibrations spectrum of the person’s inner energy. Some time ago an American mathematician and philosopher Mike Geller proved that the ëàäîâíà new thing in the world unity of the Âñåºäèíîãî by the mathematical calculations in the spirit of the «fundamental ideas cycle» of Georgij Voronyj. Comprehensions

of Voronyj and Geller show that Âñåºäèíèé is a primary source of the Universe, primary source of the mathematical laws, which help us to understand the world Harmony as well as a creative spirit and a moral law in a person, thanks to which, we coordinate our life with the Âñåºäèíèì Harmony. Harmony is a spiritual base and a systemcreative principle, leading factor of the life in the Ukrainian world, peculiar feature of the spiritual type and Georgij Voronyj is its brilliant medium. Harmony is a determinative peculiarity of the Ukrainian culture, as Dao — of the Chinese, Brama — of the Indian, Efir, Plazma or Kvintesencija (the fifth element) of the Hellenic. Different nations call the base of the world creation through the culture of a person in the different ways, but the essence of the culture is the same — it is a dynamic system of the self organization, self reproduction of the human world with the power of the national spirit. Grigorij Skovoroda told that the culture is a «second birth», spirit birth of the person; it is a comprehension of the «heavenliness in you». This, the entity of culture as a self creation, the self realization of a person on a moral basis of United Harmony. United life creating base is behind the time and space and shows as the action of the united moral law through the heart and soul in the time-space of the person’s life. Those who keep to the moral law of the United Harmony in their heart, they live according to their nature in Truth — worthily realizes the program of his immortal soul. We can call the «Fundamental ideas cycle» of Georgij Voronyj as a fundamental mathematic theory of the Harmony creation. Creation of harmony is an efficacy of the Spirit-Mind and moral life will. And through the mathematical theory of the creation of harmony Voronyj proves that the united creative base exists and it measures off and organizes different forms of life in the world Unity according to a united moral law. Spiritual fullness of heart is the meaning of a human life; it is the meaning of a person itself. A human heart calls him to something native — land, family, nation, language. Humanity and patriotism unite in the heart. Part of the native land lives in every heart. The way from one person to another, from one nation to another goes through the heart. The spiritual landmark of the heart is a guiding power of the Ukrainian and all-European collectivism. We define our future in the present moments of the creative inspiration, which beats in our hearts. Very soon the spiritual power of the human hearts would form the harmony in the Ukrainian world, adjust the cooperation of national cultures in the world cultural and civilized space. The genius of Georgij Voronyj — creator of the mathematical theory of Harmony — is a spiritual guide in this bright prospect. Oleksander SHOKALO, writer, cultural philosopher

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Íàïðèê³íö³ ìèíóëîãî ðîêó óâåñü ïîñòðàäÿíñüêèé ê³íåìàòîãðàô â³äçíà÷àâ 80 ðîê³â â³ä äíÿ íàðîäæåííÿ Ëåîí³äà Áèêîâà — òàëàíîâèòîãî àêòîðà òà ðåæèñåðà, ÿêîãî ïîäàðóâàëà ñâ³òîâ³ óêðà¿íñüêà çåìëÿ.

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åîí³ä Ôåäîðîâè÷ Áèêîâ íàðîäèâñÿ 12 ãðóäíÿ 1928 ðîêó â ñåë³ Çíàìåíñüêå Äîíåöüêî¿ îáëàñò³. Â³í ð³ñ âåñåëèì, ñì³ëèâèì õëîï÷èêîì. Éîãî íàäèõàëè ô³ëüìè ïðî ñì³ëèâèõ ëüîò÷èê³â, òîæ íå äîâãî äóìàþ÷è â³í âèð³øèâ âñòóïàòè äî ëüîòíîãî ó÷èëèùà. Àëå äëÿ òîãî, ùîá «îñ³äëàòè âèíèùóâà÷à», Ëåîí³äîâ³ òðîõè çàáðàêëî çðîñòó òà ìóæíîñò³ â çîâí³øíîñò³ — â³í äâ³÷³ íàìàãàâñÿ âò³ëèòè ñâîþ ìð³þ. Óïåðøå, êîëè éîãî ðîäèíà ïåðåáóâàëà â åâàêóàö³¿ — 16-ð³÷íèé Ëüîíÿ ïðèéøîâ äî â³éñüêêîìàòó, äîäàâ ñîá³ ïàðó ðîê³â ³ âèìàãàâ âçÿòè íà ôðîíò, àëå òàì éîãî ³í³ö³àòèâó çóñòð³ëè ç ïîñì³øêîþ é ïîðàäèëè òðîõè ï³äðîñòè. Äðóãà ñïðîáà áóëà âäàë³øîþ, àëå íåíàäîâãî. 1945 ðîêó, ïåðåáóâàþ÷è â Ëåí³íãðàä³, â³í âñòóïàº äî 2-î¿ ëüîòíî¿ ñïåöøêîëè, ïðîòå íàâ÷àííÿ òðèâàëî ëèøå ì³ñÿöü. ×åðåç ìàëåíüêèé çð³ñò éîãî â³äðàõóâàëè. Òîä³ þíàê âèð³øèâ ñòàòè àðòèñòîì. Îäíàê ³ òóò éîãî ÷åêàëè íåâäà÷³ — ïðè âñòóï³ äî Êè¿âñüêî¿ øêîëè àêòîð³â â³í ïðîâàëèâñÿ. Àëå íàïîëåãëèâ³ñòü ³ îïòèì³çì çàâæäè âåëè Áèêîâà âïåðåä, çìóøóâàëè ïðîäîâæóâàòè ñïðîáè. ² â³í, íàðåøò³, ñòàâ ñòóäåíòîì. Öå áóâ Õàðê³âñüêèé òåàòðàëüíèé ³íñòèòóò. Ïîò³ì — ìàéæå 10 ðîê³â ðîáîòè â òåàòð³ ³ì. Øåâ÷åíêà. Íàïåâíî, ñàìå òóò âèÿâèëàñÿ íåçâè÷àéíà «áèêîâñüêà» ìàíåðà ãðè. Íàâ³òü íå ìàíåðà, à ÿêàñü îñîáëèâà æóðëèâà ðîìàíòè÷íà îðãàí³êà éîãî ãåðî¿â, ÿêó ëåäü-ëåäü ìîæíà ðîçãëåä³òè êð³çü ïîñì³øêó. Éîãî ïåðøèì äîñâ³äîì ó ê³íî áóëà ìàëåíüêà ðîëü ó ñòð³÷ö³ «Äîëÿ Ìàðèíè» — ïðîñòîãî õëîïöÿ Ñàøêà. Çàâäÿêè óñï³õîâ³ êàðòèíè ìîëîäîãî àêòîðà ïîì³òèëè ëåí³íãðàäñüê³ ðåæèñåðè Îëåêñàíäð ²âàíîâñüêèé òà Íàä³ÿ Êîøåâåðîâà é çàïðîñèëè éîãî ç³ãðàòè çàêîõàíîãî Ïåòðà ó ñëàâíîçâ³ñí³é «Ïðèáîðêóâà÷ö³ òèãð³â». Öÿ ðîëü ïðèíåñëà Áèêîâó âñåíàðîäíó ëþáîâ. Òèì ÷àñîì Ëåîí³ä ïî÷èíàº çí³ìàòèñÿ â ãîëîâí³é ðîë³ â ô³ëüì³ «Ìàêñèì Ïåðåïåëèöÿ». Â³äòîä³ Ëåîí³ä Áèêîâ ïî÷èíàº àêòèâíî çí³ìàòèñÿ, àëå ö³ ðîë³ áóëè ïðàêòè÷íî îäíàêîâ³ — òàê³ ñîá³ Ìàêñèìè Ïåðåïåëèö³ çìåíøåíîãî ìàñøòàáó.

Ï³çí³øå áóâ Îëåêñ³é Àê³øèí ó ô³ëüì³ «Äîáðîâîëüö³», ïîò³ì ùå îäèí ñîëäàò ó ê³íîñòð³÷ö³ «Òðàâíåâ³ íî÷³» — çà âñ³õ éîãî ãåðî¿÷íèõ ïåðñîíàæ³â, ÿêèõ Áèêîâ óò³ëèâ äóæå ïåðåêîíëèâî, îäíà â³éñüêîâà ÷àñòèíà ïðèñâî¿ëà éîìó çâàííÿ ñåðæàíòà. Ó êîæí³é íîâ³é ðîë³ Áèêîâ íàìàãàâñÿ â³äíàéòè íîâ³ áàðâè. Àëå âñþäè âèäíî éîãî ñàìîãî, ç éîãî ì’ÿêèì ãóìîðîì ³ íàäçâè÷àéíèì ë³ðèçìîì. Öå â³ä÷óâàºòüñÿ íàâ³òü ó êîìåä³éíèõ ïåðñîíàæàõ, òîìó íå òàêîþ âæå é äèâíîþ áóëà ³äåÿ çðîáèòè ç Áèêîâà ë³ðè÷íîãî ãåðîÿ â ô³ëüì³ «Àëüîøêèíà ëþáîâ», õî÷à ñàì Ëåîí³ä áóâ äåùî çáåíòåæåíèé: «ßêèé ç ìåíå Ðîìåî?». «Ñàìå òàêèé, ÿêîãî íàì òðåáà», — çàïåâíÿëà âñÿ çí³ìàëüíà ãðóïà. Áèêîâ ïîãîäèâñÿ, ³ âîíè ïî¿õàëè çí³ìàòè íà ö³ëèíó. Íåî÷³êóâàíîþ äëÿ Áèêîâà áóëà ïðîïîçèö³ÿ Îëåêñ³ÿ Áàòàëîâà. Òîä³ ðåæèñåð ïî÷èíàâ ï³äãîòîâêó äî çéîìîê «Øèíåë³» çà Ãîãîëåì. Àëå êåð³âíèöòâî òåàòðó íå â³äïóñòèëî Áèêîâà äî Ìîñêâè, äå ìàëè çí³ìàòè, ïîÿñíþþ÷è, ùî àêòîð ³ òàê äîâîë³ äîâãî ïåðåáóâàº äå çàâãîäíî, àëå ò³ëüêè íå â òåàòð³.

1961 ðîêó íà åêðàíè âèõîäèòü «Àëüîøêèíà ëþáîâ», ÿêà ïðèíîñèòü àðòèñòîâ³ íàäçâè÷àéíó ïîïóëÿðí³ñòü. Â³í ñòàº îäíèì ç íàéêðàùèõ àêòîð³â Ðàäÿíñüêîãî Ñîþçó. Òîä³ Áèêîâó çàïðîïîíóâàëè ïåðå¿õàòè äî Ëåí³íãðàäà. Äîâãî íå âàãàâñÿ, îñê³ëüêè íà ê³íîñòóä³¿ «Ëåíô³ëüì» éîìó ïîîá³öÿëè äàòè çìîãó ñïðîáóâàòè ñåáå ÿê ðåæèñåðà. ² îñü Áèêîâ ðàçîì ç ðåæèñåðîì Ãåðáåðòîì Ðàïïîïîðòîì çí³ìàº êîðîòêîìåòðàæíó ñòð³÷êó «ßê ìîòóçêà íå â’ºòüñÿ…», êàðòèíó, ÿêó í³õòî íå ïîì³òèâ — í³ ãëÿäà÷³, í³ êðèòèêè. Ïðîòå öÿ íåâäàëà ñïðîáà íå íàëÿêàëà íàøîãî ãåðîÿ. Âæå 1963 ðîêó â³í áåðåòüñÿ çà ïîâíèé ìåòð ³ çí³ìàº «Çàé÷èêà», äå ãðàº ãîëîâíó ðîëü. ² õî÷à ó ïðîêàò³ ô³ëüì ïîñ³â çîâñ³ì íå îñòàííº ì³ñöå, êàðòèíó íàçèâàþòü ïîðîæíüîþ, ÿêà íå íåñå í³÷îãî íîâàòîðñüêîãî. ² Ëåîí³äà Áèêîâà íà «Ëåíô³ëüì³» á³ëüøå äî ðåæèñóðè íå äîïóñêàþòü. Òîä³ ðîç÷àðîâàíèé Áèêîâ ç ïîñì³øêîþ êàçàâ: «Íà ìåí³ óâåñü ñåðåäí³é ê³íåìàòîãðàô Ðàäÿíñüêîãî Ñîþçó òðèìàºòüñÿ». Â³í íàâ³òü â³äìîâëÿâñÿ ãðàòè â êàðòèíàõ ³íøèõ ðåæèñåð³â, òîìó ç 1961 ïî 1964 ð³ê ó íüîãî ò³ëüêè òðè ðîë³ â ê³íî.

Ê à ä ð è ç ô ³ ë ü ì ó « Â á ³ é ³ ä ó ò ü ò ³ ë ü ê è « ñ ò à ð è ê è »

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1965 ðîêó Áèêîâ ñòàâ íàðîäíèì àðòèñòîì ÐÐÔÑÐ. À çà ð³ê â³í ç ðîäèíîþ, ÿêà òîä³ æ çá³ëüøèëàñÿ ùå íà îäíó äèòèíó, ïåðå¿çäèòü äî Êèºâà. Í³áèòî éîãî âèêëèêàëà Íàö³îíàëüíà ê³íîñòóä³ÿ ³ì. Î.Äîâæåíêà äëÿ ðîçâèòêó óêðà¿íñüêîãî ê³íåìàòîãðàôà. Îäíàê ïðî ³ñòèííó ïðè÷èíó ïåðå¿çäó ìîæíà ä³çíàòèñÿ ç éîãî ëèñòà äî áëèçüêîãî äðóãà Ìèêîëè Áîð³÷åíêà: «Âæå ìàéæå ð³ê íå çí³ìàþñÿ. Íå õî÷ó. Â³äìîâèâñÿ â³ä 9 ñöåíàð³¿â. Íå õî÷ó áðàòè ó÷àñòü ó àíòèõóäîæí³õ ðå÷àõ. ×èìðàç ÷àñò³øå äóìàºø, ùî òðåáà ïîâåðòàòèñÿ äîäîìó. Çâè÷àéíî, äîâãî òàê íå ïðîòðèìàºøñÿ. Òðåáà âèêîíóâàòè ïëàí ñòóä³¿. Àëå â òåàòð³ òàê ñàìî. Ó ÷îìó ñóòü? ßê çðîáèòè, ùîá æèòè íà ð³âí³? Ìîæå, öå íàøà êëÿòà ðîáîòà?..» Áèêîâ ñïîä³âàâñÿ, ùî ð³äí³ ñò³íè éîìó äîïîìîæóòü. Òóò â³í æèâ äóæå ñêðîìíî, ¿çäèâ íà ìåòðî, ùî âèêëèêàëî íåéìîâ³ðíèé çàõâàò ñåðåä øàíóâàëüíèê³â, ÿê³ ùîäíÿ ïðîâîäæàëè éîãî äî ê³íîñòóä³¿. À íà ïðîõ³äí³é éîãî çàâæäè ÷åêàëà ÷åðãà øàíóâàëüíèê³â, ÿê³ õîò³ëè îòðèìàòè àâòîãðàô. Îäíàê ùîäî òâîð÷îñò³ Áèêîâ ðîçóì³º, ùî ñòàí óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ê³íîñòóä³¿ íå íàéë³ïøèé. Ç «Äîâæåíêà» éäóòü ðåæèñåðè. Ñàì Áèêîâ òåæ òðèâàëèé ÷àñ íå çí³ìàº é íå çí³ìàºòüñÿ. Ìîæëèâî, â³í ³íòó¿òèâíî ãîòóâàâñÿ äî ÷îãîñü ³íøîãî… Òàê ³ ñòàëîñÿ. 1973 ðîêó Ëåîí³ä Áèêîâ íàðåøò³ ïðèñòóïàº äî çéîìîê ô³ëüìó «Â á³é ³äóòü ñàì³ «ñòàðèêè»». Öå áóëî éîãî ìð³ºþ — çíÿòè ê³íî ïðî íåáî, ëüîò÷èê³â, â³éíó. À íàâêîëî ïî÷àëè øåïîò³òè, ùî ðåæèñåð, íå ìàþ÷è îñîáëèâîãî òàëàíòó, çí³ìàº íàðîäí³ îïåðåòè ïðî â³éíó. Àëå êîëè êàðòèíà âèéøëà íà åêðàíè, âîíà ìàëà øàëåíèé óñï³õ. Íà Âñåñîþçíîìó ôåñòèâàë³ â Áàêó ô³ëüì îòðèìàâ ñïåö³àëüíèé ïðèç, à Áèêîâó ïðèñâî¿ëè çâàííÿ çàñëóæåíîãî ä³ÿ÷à ìèñòåöòâ Óêðà¿íè. Íàñòóïíîþ ñòð³÷êîþ áóëà «Àòèáàòè, éøëè ñîëäàòè», òåæ ïðî â³éíó. Çéîìêè ïðîõîäèëè â Çàãîðñüêó â ëþòîìó 1976 ðîêó é áóëè íàäçâè÷àéíî ñêëàäíèìè. Çà ì³ñÿöü â³äçíÿëè á³ëüøó ÷àñòèíó ô³ëüìó, àëå êîëè ïë³âêó ïðîÿâèëè, ç’ÿñóâàëîñÿ, ùî ïðàêòè÷íî âñå — áðàê. Âîíè çáèëèñÿ ç ãðàô³êà. Äî òîãî æ ñîëäàò ³ â³éñüêîâó òåõí³êó íå ìîæíà áóëî äîâãî çàòðèìóâàòè. ² Ëåîí³ä Ôåäîðîâè÷ ïî¿õàâ äî Ìîñêâè íà çóñòð³÷ ç ì³í³ñòðîì îáîðîíè ìàðøàëîì Ãðå÷êîì.

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Ñïî÷àòêó ìàðøàë íàêðè÷àâ íà Áèêîâà, íå ñòðèìóþ÷èñü ó âèðàçàõ, à ïîò³ì äîðó÷èâ ðîçáèðàòèñÿ ç ê³íîøíèêàìè ñâîºìó ïîì³÷íèêîâ³. Ï³ñëÿ ïîâåðíåííÿ â Çàãîðñüê ó Áèêîâà ñòàâñÿ ³íôàðêò. Íà «øâèäê³é» éîãî äîïðàâèëè äî ë³êàðí³, äå â³í íàïèñàâ ñâ³é ëèñò-çàïîâ³ò, àäðåñîâàíèé äî äðóç³â, — Ìèêîëè Ìàùåíêà òà àêòîðà é ðåæèñåðà ²âàíà Ìèêîëàé÷óêà. Íàñòóïíîãî äíÿ ï³ñëÿ âèïèñêè â³í â³äçíÿâ ñêëàäíó ñöåíó, â ÿê³é ñàì áðàâ ó÷àñòü. Ïîïðè âñå, êàðòèíó áóëî çàâåðøåíî. Ïðîòå ïðàöÿ àðòèñò³â íå çàëèøèëàñÿ íåïîì³÷åíîþ — ô³ëüì îòðèìàâ Äåðæïðåì³þ ÓÐÑÐ. Óò³ì íàãîðîäè íå äóæå ò³øèëè ìèòöÿ — êîðóïö³ÿ, ëåñòîù³, ÿê³ ïàíóâàëè äîâêîëà, íå äàâàëè éîìó ñïîê³éíî æèòè òà ïðàöþâàòè. Íàâ³òü îô³ö³éíèé ïîêàç ô³ëüìó «Àòè-áàòè», â ÿêîìó íå áóëî æîäíî¿ ïîë³òèêè, ïðîõîäèâ ñêëàäíî. Ï³ä ÷àñ ïåðåãëÿäó ïðåäñòàâíèê Äåðæê³íî çàõðîï³â, ïîò³ì, ïðîêèíóâøèñü, ïî÷àâ çàïèòóâàòè: «À ÷îìó ó âàøî¿ ñòð³÷êè ÿêàñü äèâíà íàçâà? ßêàñü äèòÿ÷à ë³÷èëî÷êà…» Ïðîòå ïðèñóòí³ì âäàëîñÿ â³äñòîÿòè êàðòèíó. ²íôàðêò, ïåðåíåñåíèé ï³ä ÷àñ çéîìîê, áóâ íå îñòàíí³é. Íàñòóïíèé óäàð Ëåîí³ä ä³ñòàâ â³ä óëþáëåíîãî ñèíà Îëåñÿ, ÿêèé ïîòðàïèâ äî êåïñüêî¿ êîìïàí³¿. ²ñòîð³ÿ áóëà íå äóæå ïðèºìíà, éøëîñÿ ïðî ïîãðàáóâàííÿ þâåë³ðíîãî ìàãàçèíó. Êîëè Áèêîâ ä³çíàâñÿ, ùî éîãî ñèíà çààðåøòóâàëè, â íüîãî ñòàâñÿ ùå îäèí ³íôàðêò. Çíÿâøè äâà ïðåêðàñíèõ ô³ëüìè ïðî â³éíó, Áèêîâ ðàïòîâî âèð³øèâ ï³òè ç ö³º¿ òåìè. 1978 ðîêó ïðèñòóïàº äî çéîìîê êàðòèíè «Ïðèáóëåöü», â ÿê³é ñàì ç³ãðàº äâ³ ðîë³ — çåìëÿíèíà, ìåõàí³çàòîðà Òèøê³íà, òà éîãî äâ³éíèêà, ïðèáóëüöÿ ç êîñìîñó Ãëîóçà. Â³í ïî÷àâ ïðàöþâàòè, çàòâåðäæóâàâ åñê³çè äåêîðàö³é, ï³äáèðàâ àêòîð³â. Ïðîòå çàê³í÷èòè ô³ëüì éîìó íå ñóäèëîñÿ — íà ïî÷àòêó êâ³òíÿ 1979 ðîêó Ëåîí³ä Áèêîâ çàãèíóâ â àâàð³¿ ï³ä Êèºâîì. 1981 ðîêó äðóç³ çíÿëè ïðî Áèêîâà äîêóìåíòàëüíó ñòð³÷êó, éîãî ³ìåíåì íàçâàíî ç³ðêó òà ë³òàê Ì²Ã. Àëå ãîëîâíå, ùî çàëèøèëîñÿ ï³ñëÿ ö³º¿ òàëàíîâèòî¿ ëþäèíè, — éîãî ô³ëüìè, íà ÿêèõ âèðîñòàþòü ïîêîë³ííÿ. Îëåíà ÀËÈÌÎÂÀ

This year the entire Post soviet world has celebrated 80th anniversary of Leonid Bykov’s birth day. He was a talented actor and producer, who had been presented to the world by Ukraine.

Leonid Bykov was born on the 12th of December in 1928 in Znamens’ke, a small village in Donetsk region. He was a merry and courageous boy. He was inspired by the films about courageous pilots and it became the main reason for him to enter the flying school. But Leonid did not look tall and courageous enough to fly an airplane though he twice tried to make his dream come truth. When his family was evacuated 16-yered Leonid came to the military commissariat and demanded they take him to the front as a soldier but nobody supported him and advised him to grow up. His second attempt was more successful but not for a long time. In 1945 being in Leningrad he entered the flier school ¹2 but he studied there only 1 month. He had to leave the school because of his height which was only 136 centimeters. Then he decided to be an actor. But he also was unsuccessful here, he failed his entry exams. But his persistence and optimism always led him forward and made him keep trying. And finally he became a student. He entered Kharkov theatrical institute. And then he had got a job as an actor at the theatre named by Shevchenko where he had been working for 10 years. Maybe just here he showed his special manner of playing. Even not manner but something like a special romantic organics of his heroes which you can find in his smile. His first experience in the cinema was a school roll in the film «Marina’s destiny» («Äîëÿ Ìàðèíè») where he played the role of an ordinary boy Sashko. By having his successful film pictures the young actor was noticed by Leningrad producers Alexander Ivanivs’kiy and Nadia Kosheverova and they invited him to perform the role of Petro ‘falling in love’ in the famous film «A tiger trainer» «Óêðîòèòåëüíèöà òèãðîâ». This role

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brought him national recognition. At the same time Leonid performed the main role in the film «Maxim Perepelyc’a» («Ìàêñèì Ïåðåïåëèöÿ»). After that he had many roles but most of them were the same, all like Maxim Perepelyc’a. Than the role of Olexiy Akishyn in the film «Volunteer» («Äîáðîâîëüö³»), after that, the role of another soldier in the film «May nights» («Ìàéñêèå íî÷è»). For all his heroic roles that were performed really convincingly Bykov got the title ‘sergeant’. Leonid found new and newer colors in every new role. But his real humor and lyricism were visible everywhere. It was felt even in his comedy roles. That is why the advice to make of him a lyrical hero in the film «Aleshka’s love» («Àëüîøêèíà ëþáîâ») was not so strange, although Leonid was embarrassed a bit, he said — «What a Romeo am I?» «The only Romeo we need», — his shooting group assured him. He agreed and the entire group began acting. Unexpected for Bykov was a suggestion from Leonid Batalov to act in a new film «Overcoats» by Gogol. But the theatre management did not let him to go to Moscow where shootings had to be held. It was explained that the actor did not spend enough time at the theatre before going to Moscow. In 1961 «Aleshka’s love» appeared on the screens and he became one of the most famous actors in the Soviet Union and then he was offered the chance to be a producer which is why he moved to Leningrad. There Bykov, with producer Herbart Rapport, shot a short film «How the string does not cut» («Êàê âåðåâî÷êå íå âèòüñÿ»). Neither spectators nor critics noticed this picture. However, although this try was unsuccessful it did not put Leonid Bykov off. And in 1963 he shot a full-length film («Çàé÷èê») «Hare», in which he played the main role. Although it did not take the last place in the ratings the picture

was called ‘empty’ because it had nothing modern. And Leonid Bykov was not admitted to the producers work. Being disappointed Bykov liked to say with a smile: «I have on myself the entire average Soviet cinema.» He refused all offers to act in a different picture, that’s why from 1961 to 1964 he had only three film roles. In 1965 he had got the Soviet national actor title. A year later the actor with family and newborn child moved to Kyiv. He told everybody that he had a suggestion from the film studio named by Dovzhenco. But the real reason for his moving we can find in his letter to his friend Mycola Borichenco: «It is almost a year since I acted. I don’t want to. I refused nine scripts. I don’t want to take part in non feature films. More often I think that I need to return home. I have to do the plan of the studio. But work in the theatre is the same. What is the main point? What can I do to live better, on the same level? Maybe this is our damned work.» He hoped that native family walls would help him. In Kyiv he lived very modestly, he used the underground to get to work. That, his fans admired, who were always leading him to the studio. And near the studio a great queue of his fans had been waiting for him to give an autograph. But Bykov understood that the situation in Ukrainian film studios was quite bad. Many producers left it. And also Leonid for a long time didn’t make films and didn’t act. It seemed that he intuitively prepared for something new. It was true. In 1973 Bykov began to shoot a new film («Â áîé èäóò îäíè «ñòàðèêè») «Only old men go to fight». It was his dream to shoot a film about the sky, pilots and war. When it appeared on the screens the picture had incredible success. In the All Soviet festival he had got the title The Merit Man of Art of Ukraine.

The next film was «Àòû-áàòû, øëè ñîëäàòû» also about war. The shooting was in Zagors’ke. The February of 1976 was very difficult. During one month the greater part of the film was shot, but when the film-type was given for displaying they found out that it was spoiled. They lagged behind their schedule. They were not allowed to take military technique and soldiers for a long time. And Leonid Bykov went to Moscow to the Minister for Defenses marshal Grechko. At first the Minister shouted at him then he charged this deal to his assistant. But returning home Bykov had a heart attack and was hospitalized. In the hospital he wrote his will that was devoted to his friends Mycola Maschenco and actor and producer Ivan Mycolaychyc. The next day after being discharged he shot a very difficult scene in which he participated. Then the picture was finished. However this picture was noticed and it got the Governmental Reward. But still all the rewards didn’t make Leonid quiet. Corruption and adulations didn’t give him an opportunity to live quietly and to work. Even displaying the film «Aty-baty», that had nothing about politics, was also very difficult. During the showing the representative from the Country film began to snore, and then suddenly he woke up and started to ask stupid questions. Everybody who was in the studio supported the film. Then the actor got the second seizure after he found out that his son Oleg’ was arrested for robbing a jewelry shop. But he continued to work and after having shot two beautiful films about the war Bykov decided to make fantastic films. And in 1978 he started shooting a film about the person from another planet, in which he played two main roles a mechanic Tishkin and his twin a person from another planet Gloaz. He confirmed sketches and chose decorations. But the picture was not finished. On the 12-th of April the actor was in a car crash near Kyiv. His friends shot a documentary film about him in 1981. The star and the airplane were named after him. But the most important is his legacy — many interesting films. Olena ALIMOVA

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ÃÀËÅÐÅß GALLERY

Ìàðèíà ÁÓÇÀØ Marina BUSASH

Çàâåðøåíî Âñåóêðà¿íñüêèé ùîð³÷íèé êîíêóðñ äèòÿ÷îãî òà þíàöüêîãî ìàëþíêà íà òåìó «ß ëþáëþ Óêðà¿íó», îãîëîøåíîãî çà ³í³ö³àòèâè áëàãîä³éíî¿ îðãàí³çàö³¿ «Áëàãîä³éíèé ôîíä «Ë³ðîñ» ó ñåðïí³ 2008 ðîêó. Âæå ï³äáèòî ï³äñóìêè é íàãîðîäæåíî ïåðåìîæö³â. Êðàù³ äèòÿ÷³ ðîáîòè åêñïîíóâàëèñÿ â ñòîëè÷í³é ãàëåðå¿ «Ïå÷åðñüêà», äåÿê³ ç öèõ ðîá³ò ïðîïîíóºìî íà Âàø ðîçñóä.

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Ë³àíà ²ÂÀÕ Liyana EVAH

Àíàñòàñ³ÿ ÊÍßÇªÂÀ Anastasia KNAZIVA

Íàä³ÿ ÌÅËÜÍÈ×ÓÊ Nadika MELNICHUK

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Ä³àíà ÊÐÀÂ×ÅÍÊÎ Diana KRAVCHENKO

Õóäîæíþ äîá³ðêó ï³äãîòóâàëà Ë³ë³ÿ ÁÀÄÅÐÀ

ÃÀËÅÐÅß GALLERY

I love Ukraine! The National Yearly Contest of children’s art is completed with the theme this year of ‘I love Ukraine’. On the initiative of the charity organization ‘Charity Fund’ ‘Leros’ the competition was announced in August 2008. The entries have been judged and the winners have already been rewarded. The best works of children were exhibited in the gallery Petcherska in Kiev and some of these works we feature now for your pleasure. They were chosen by Lilya BADERA

Áîãäàíà ÑÌÎËÅÍÑÜÊÀ Bogdana SMOLESKA

Àíàñòàñ³ÿ ÏÎÆÈÄÀªÂÀ Anastasia POSHIDAIVA

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Ñîëîì³ÿ ØÈËßÊ Solomia SHILIYAK