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International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development is primarily devoted to scientific articles and comprehensive reviews that are focused on the quality control, risk assessment, resource management in the field of Rural and Regional Planning Development. Journal also focuses on the production planning, critical path method that can create an impact on the ongoing research.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Regional and sub-regional plan preparation ! Climate change adaptation and mitigation ! New metropolitan planning strategies ! Risks from hazards such as bushfire, flood and coastal inundation ! Zoning laws and policies ! Unified settlement planning ! Land-use planning ! Principles of Intelligent Urbanism ! Spatial planning

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PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Adesoji David Jiboye Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Mahua Mukherjee IIT Roorkee, India

Pooja Nigam Department of Architecture and Planning, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India

Dr. V. Subbiah Hindustan University, India

Mrs. Fathima Samana S Acharya's School of Architecture, India

Dr. Jagdish Singh Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Dr. Rajindra Kumar Pandit Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, India

Dr Satyaki Sarkar Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India

Dr. Sanjaykumar Sonar Ghanashyam College of Engineering, Pune, India

Fazli Farhan Mohammad Fazli Aligarh Muslim University (A Central Government Institution) India

Ar. Ankur Prabhakar Attri Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India

Dr. B S Bhooshan BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, BSB Architects, Bangalore and Mysore

Dr. IP Singh National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur

Dr Akhilendra Nath Tiwary Yobe State University

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International of

Journal Rural and Regional Planning Development. This

journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Rural and Regional Planning Development issues, from theoretical aspects to application dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Rural and Regional Planning Development as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Civil Engineers community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Rural and Regional Planning Development in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development focuses on Regional and sub-regional plan preparation, Climate change adaptation and mitigation, New metropolitan planning strategies, Risks from hazards such as bushfire, flood and coastal inundation, Zoning laws and policies, Unified settlement planning, Land-use planning, Principles of Intelligent Urbanism, Spatial planning, etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Rural and Regional Planning Development and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Civil Engineers community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this very issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Rural and Regional Planning Development. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Civil Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Rural and Regional Planning Development. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Aerotropolis: Genesis, Evolution and Planning for Interconnectivity and Infrastructure Development A.N. Sarkar

2. Exploring Community E-Participation for Effective Pro-Poor Planning Anubhav Shrivastava, Krishna Kumar Dhote

3. How a City Develops With Respect to Architecture Bulandshahr Part-2 (City of Tomorrow) Avitesh

4. Quality Assessment of Neighborhood Levels Public Parks in Alwar City Boudh Kuldeep Harjivanlal, Alok Ranjan

5. Design and Construction of Rigid and Flexible Pavement on the Basis of Laboratory Tests and Analysis Tarun Kumar Lohani, Sarmisthabala Prusty, Subhashree Patra, Manas Ranjan Asa

International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Aerotropolis: Genesis, Evolution and Planning for Interconnectivity and Infrastructure Development A.N. Sarkar Asia-Pacific Institute of Management, 3 & 4 Institutional Areas, Jasola, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, India

AEROTROPOLIS: THE GENESIS An aerotropolis, as defined by Dr. John D. Kasarda, an aerotropolis planning expert from the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, is an “aviation linked urban form consisting of an airport surrounded by tens of thousands of acres of light industrial space, office space, upscale retail mix, business-class hotel accommodations, restaurants, entertainment, recreation, golf courses, and single and multifamily housing.[1]Aerotropolises are conceptually similar to metropolises, with airport cities serving as the central business district of the aerotropolis. Derived from his years of researching airports throughout the world, Kasarda maintains that airports are economic assets and catalysts for economic development. Kasarda defines the aerotropolis as “an aviation linked urban form consisting of an airport surrounded by tens of thousands of acres of light industrial space, office space, upscale retail mix, business-class hotel accommodations, restaurants, entertainment, recreation, golf courses, and single and multi-family housing”.[2] He viewed airports as being similar to metropolitan central business districts, with airport cities serving as the central business district of the aerotropolis. Kasarda maintained that there could be as many as four basic drivers from which airport cities emerge :[3] viz. (1) The airport’s ability to seek revenues from other than aeronautical sources; (2) The availability of affordable land for commercial activities; (3) The airport’s ability to increase passenger and cargo

traffic; and (4) The airport as a catalyst for and ability to attract business development. Aerotropolises have emerged because of the advantages that airports provide in a global economy.[3] Globally competitive businesses utilize the high-speed travel of airplanes for international communication and trade, allowing companies to minimize inventories, source parts globally, and provide fast and flexible responses to unique customer requests. To meet these needs, manufacturing, repair, and distribution facilities are being constructed near airports. This stimulates further growth in cargo and passenger air travel, trucking, air express, freight forwarders, and logistics providers along the airport corridors. However, growth is not limited to time sensitive facilities. Airport transportation corridors are becoming desired locations for corporate headquarters, trade representative offices, professional associations, and information intensive firms such as consulting and auditing, which require frequent travel.[1] Kasarda began to use the term aerotropolis to refer to “a new urban form placing airports in the center with cities growing around them, connecting workers, suppliers, executives, and goods to the global marketplace”.[4] According to Dr. Kasarda, rather than trying to avoid the airport by building it as far from the city as possible, cities should be centered around the airport.[5] In his view, the city of the

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International Journal of Rural and Rural and Regional Planning Development Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Exploring Community E-Participation for Effective Pro-Poor Planning Anubhav Shrivastava*, Krishna Kumar Dhote Department of Architecture and Planning, MANIT, Bhopal, India

Abstract The paper analyse the development of the conceptions regarding public participation in the last decades. Further paper explores to what extent these conceptions can be used by local and State authorities in order to improve interaction among government authorities and citizens in terms of Slum Rehabilitation and Redevelopment Projects. The study shall focus on the use of Information Communications Technology (ICTs) to provide innovative means of access to, and participation in Slum rehabilitation and redevelopment. Study assesses the potential that how web-enabled E-Participation/ICTs (electronic participation) can facilitate in participatory planning. Keywords: community participation, E-participation, rehabilitation, re-development, slum, web-enabled

BACKGROUND The 2011 census has exclaimed a growing urban population and continued migration from rural to urban areas. Nearly 4500 cities and towns have some form of elected municipal body following the 74th constitutional amendment. Urban centers are bursting to their seams, with lack of planning and services for its inhabitants. Recent initiatives have been made by the union Government about its policy commitments towards urban development with focus on basic services to urban poor. These include such populist slogans as ‟slum-free cities”, ‟inclusive cities”, ‟cities without poverty”, etc. recent schemes are launched such as Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) which purpose to ensure security of tenure for the urban poor. While the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) focused its investments on 65 large cities, it has yielded little in terms of reforms in

urban governance. There is still an absence of a shared political vision and agreed roadmap to make cities in India ‟livable” for all its citizens. In this current scenario, where is the voice of community? Community based Organizations of the urban poor have grown, but have not kept pace with the growing numbers of the poor; new forms of poverty in urban areas (where a TV set and mobile co-exist with malnutrition of children and chronic ill-health of women) are not being articulated; community actions to promote transparency and accountability of municipal bodies are irregular and ad-hoc; experimentation of new approaches to service delivery in urban areas is seriously lagging. The Global report on Human Settlements 2003 By United Nations Human Settlements Programme presents the challenge of the slums exclaiming slums

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International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development Vol. 2: Issue 1

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How a City Develops With Respect to Architecture Bulandshahr Part-2 (City of Tomorrow) Avitesh* Centre for Architecture, BGI, Bulandshahr, India

Abstract Our cities possess unique cultural and architectural qualities, strong forces of social inclusion and exceptional possibilities for economic development. These are centers of knowledge and sources of growth and innovation. At the same time, however, they suffer from demographic problems, social inequality, social exclusion of specific population groups, a lack of affordable and suitable housing, and environmental problems. In this paper, I will discuss about a vision of the city of tomorrow and the main challenges for the city of tomorrow (Bulandshahr). How will be the future of city after development. In the first part, I had discussed present conditions of Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh (International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture). Keywords: Bulandshahr, city of tomorrow, visions, challenges, ways forward

OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study is to carry out the main challenges for the city of tomorrow and towards a vision of the city of tomorrow. We will also discuss about how a city will be The diverse, cohesive and attractive city. A better understanding of urban realities requires the development of more appropriate and multifaceted indicators capable of measuring more qualitative aspects of urban economic and social life – the environment, economic development potential, cultural assets, etc. INTRODUCTION City play a key role in the lives of most people, not only does a majority of the population live in cities, but cities also play a main role in the social and economic development of all. It seems almost paradoxical that there is no common definition for ‘urban’ or even ‘city’, and that the Union has no explicit policy competence in urban development.

As Bulandshahr is a city of NCR, could be best satellite city after development. In terms of aims, objectives and values, there is a shared vision of the city of tomorrow as:  A place of advanced social progress with a high degree of social cohesion, socially-balanced housing as well as social, health and 'education for all' services;  A platform for democracy, cultural dialogue and diversity;  A place of green, ecological or environmental regeneration;  A place of attraction and an engine of economic growth. Cities play a crucial role as engines of the economy, as places of connectivity, creativity and innovation, and as centers of services for their surrounding areas. Due to their density, cities offer a huge potential

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International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Quality Assessment of Neighborhood Levels Public Parks in Alwar City Boudh Kuldeep Harjivanlal*, Alok Ranjan Department of Architecture and Planning, MNIT Jaipur, India

Abstract The existence of public parks is pivotal to the human beings, especially in the small cities like Alwar. It provides benefits from the economic, social, communal, environmental and aesthetical aspects. Parks improved the quality of life of cities and neighborhood. In this paper the conceptual framework for quality assessment of neighborhood level parks is followed by a literature study in the fields of urban planning. Neighborhood level parks were chosen for the assessment because they had a social, economic and cultural difference. Not only does they provide revenue benefits for health and mental well-being, but it also serves as a society and community’s meeting place for certain residential neighborhood this paper analyzes the assessment of quality factors influencing the utilization of neighborhood level public parks in a small city. A questionnaire survey and primary observations have been carried out in three different residential areas of the Alwar City to identifying the factors influencing utilizations of public parks. The result shows that other than quality, the density, income level and pre-dominate age group are most important factors. The findings imply that quality factors should be incorporated while planning the public parks. Keywords: accessibility, neighborhood, public parks, quality assessment

INTRODUCTION The existence of public parks is pivotal to the human beings, especially in the small cities like Alwar. Parks are primarily planned for recreation and can give enormous benefits to the neighborhood and community.[1] like the improvement of health, social interaction and enhance the enjoyment of the local environment.[2] Similarly, benefits of leisure also cover physical health, psychosocial well-being, self actualization, spirituality and selfidentity, family bonding, child development, environmental education and social skills development.[3] Now a days the where life is becoming modern the recreational assets are also changing. Children’s, adults as well as old age persons all are busy with entertainment gadgets like mobile, the internet, T.V. etc.

they rarely use the parks. Thus the utilization of public parks decreasing significantly. There is a need for the assessment of the quality of public parks in small cities like Alwar. Quality is influences utilization of public parks.[4] In this paper we try to understand the quality of public parks in different residential areas of Alwar city. So that it will be understood that the quality should be improved for the utilization of public parks. There are characteristics—(a) comfort, (b). location, (c). facilities, (d). leisure value and (e). image, for assessing the quality of public parks[5] which can help to improve the utilization of public parks.

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International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Design and Construction of Rigid and Flexible Pavement on the Basis of Laboratory Tests and Analysis Tarun Kumar Lohani*, Sarmisthabala Prusty, Subhashree Patra, Manas Ranjan Asa Orissa Engineering College, Orissa, India

Abstract A highway pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade, who’s first and the foremost function is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade. The pavement structure should provide a surface of acceptable riding quality, favorable light reacting characteristics, adequate skid resistance, , and low noise pollution. The ultimate aim is to ensure that the transmitted stresses due to wheel load are sufficiently reduced, so that they will not exceed bearing capacity of the subgrade. Two types of pavements are flexible and rigid pavements are recognized as the most cost effective and durable in all aspects. This type of research gives an overview of pavement types, layers and their functions, and pavement failures. Improper design of pavements that leads to early failure of pavements acting the riding quality has been taken into consideration for safe and comfortable road construction. Prior to the design of pavement, laboratory tests of soil, aggregate and bitumen were conducted. This followed by preparation of four mould samples of hot mix designs with 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% of bitumen whose grading, bulk density and air voids were calculated. Keywords: cost analysis, estimation, flexible pavement, rigid pavement.

INTRODUCTION An ideal pavement should meet the following requirements:  Sufficient thickness to distribute the wheel load stresses to a safe value on the sub-grade soil, structurally strong to withstand all types of stresses imposed upon it,  Adequate coefficient of friction to prevent skidding of vehicles,  Smooth surface to provide comfort to road users even at high speed, Produce least noise from moving vehicles,  Dust proof surface so that traffic safety is not impaired by reducing visibility, Impervious surface, so that sub-grade soil is well protected, and  Long design life with low maintenance cost.

Goliya et al. (2013) suggested that flexible pavements are preferred over cement concrete roads as they have a great advantage that these can be strengthened and improved in stages with the growth of traffic and also their surfaces can be milled and recycled for rehabilitation. Bruhaspathi (2012) says that if nonconventional pavement design is adopted in the construction of pavement, there will be improved performance of the pavements thus increasing the life and leading to financial savings. Nantung et al. (2008) suggested that the traffic data includes average annual daily traffic, average monthly and hourly traffic, adjustment factors, axle load spectra, and

Page 58

6 1 20 mit icle b rt u S A r u Yo

Applied Mechanics

Mechanical Engineering

5 more...

Chemical Engineering

International Journal of l a n o i g e R d Rural an t n e m p o l e v e D g n i n n Pla Jan – Jun 2016

5 more...

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture

2 more...

Computer Science and Engineering

Electrical Engineering

5 more...

Nursing « « « « «

IJRRPD

4 more...

Material Sciences and Engineering

5 more...

Biotechnology

Chemistry

3 more...

Nanotechnology

3 more...

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences