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Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, 6 Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India 1 t E-mail: info@journalspub.com 0 i e l 2 m ic b rt u S A Mechanical Engineering Applied Mechanics r International Journal of Electro Mechanics and International Journal of Thermal Energy and u Mechanical Behaviour Applications International Journal of Machine Design and International Journal of Production Engineering Yo «

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International Journal of Automatic Control System International Journal of Automatic Control System is a comprehensive journal that covers all aspects of Automatic Control System and their integration into recent technologies that are the focus of ongoing research. Journal has a wider scope including all major advancement in the technology and design that are related to Automatic Control System. All articles presented here are peer-reviewed and are of good quality.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Automatic Control and Systems Engineering ! Embedded Control Systems. ! Adaptive Control Techniques ! Real-Time Systems ! Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems ! Large Scale Control Systems ! Intelligent Control Systems ! Stochastic Control ! Power System Control ! Perceptual Control Systems ! Digital and Analogue Control ! Motion and Navigation Control ! Temporal and Spectral System Analysis

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Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr Kaliappan E Jaya Engineering College, Anna University, India

Dr. Steven Sheng-Uei Guan, Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China

Dr. Xiangshun Li Wuhan University of Technology, The University of Auckland, China

Dr. Mallikarjuna Rao Pasumarthi Andhra university, India

Dr. V. Balaji Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia, South Africa

Dr. D. K. Bhalla Bhagwant Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, India

Dr. Vijay Raj Singh Physics, Boston University, United States

A Rameshkumar Surendra Institute Of Engineering & Management, Dhukuria, West Bengal, India

D.K. Chaturvedi Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engg, D.E.I., Dayalbagh, Agra, India

Mr. Saptarshi Roy NIT Warangal, Telangana, India

Senthil Venkatesalu, Center For Automation Technology, Cochin, India

Dr. Hemen Ch. Medhi, Department of Electronics, St. Edmund's College, Shillong,Meghalaya, India

Aseem Chandel, B.S.A College of Engineering and Technology, Mathura, India

Lekshmi R. R, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Automatic Control System. This journal is part of the Automatic Control System and is devoted to the scope of present Electrical Engineering issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of Automatic Control System as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electrical Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Automatic Control System in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electrical Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Automatic Control System focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Automatic Control System Engineering Automatic Control and Systems Engineering Embedded Control Systems, Adaptive Control Techniques, Real-Time Systems, Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, Large Scale Control Systems, Intelligent Control Systems, Stochastic Control, Power System Control, Perceptual Control Systems, Digital and Analogue Control, Motion and Navigation Control, Temporal and Spectral System Analysis. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Automatic Control System and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electrical Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Automatic Control System. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electrical Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electrical Engineering. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Achieving Excellence in Manufacturing â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Concepts, Strategies and Designing Eco-friendly Manufacturing Practices Anil Kr Chojar, Aditya Chojar

2. Optimization of Variants of LMS Algorithm for Adaptive Noise Cancellation Saurabh R Prasad, Santosh Shashikant Sutar, Yashwant V Joshi

3. Modelling and Simulation of DVR â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Ultracapcitor for Power Quality Improvement Dinesh Kumar Tiwari, Imran Khan

4. Performance Analysis of Boost Converter Using PI Controller S. Vinoth Kumar, M.S. Sivagamasundari, D. Periyasamy

5. Multiadapter Using Buck Converter with PID Controller D. Periyasamy, M.S. Sivagamasundari, S. Vinoth Kumar

6. SOP-Based Hybrid H-Bridge Nine Level Inverter Using PI Controller E. Mahalakshmi, M. Germin Nisha

7. FLC-Based Analysis of LCC and MMC Hybrid HVDC Transmission System J. Ezhil Hannah, S. Gomathi Kalyani

International Journal of Automatic Control System Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Achieving Excellence in Manufacturing – Concepts, Strategies and Designing Eco-friendly Manufacturing Practices Anil Kr Chojar1*, Aditya Chojar2 1

Senior Consultant cum CEO and Vice-President Operations, drakc Consulting and Management Solutions, New Delhi 2 Business Development Executive, and Manager-IT systems and multimedia, drakc Consulting and Management Solutions, New Delhi

Abstract An organization’s survival depends upon its ability to adapt to the changes in the business environment. The changes are often reflected in the new products and technologies launched and used by competitors, shift in consumer preferences, and changes in government policies. These factors often point to the need for a company to have excellence in manufacturing, whose concept and implementation started developing in seventies due to the increased global competition and rapid technological changes. New approaches like customer focus, total quality management, just-in-time production, continuous improvement, lean manufacturing, employee involvement, and other supporting processes were developed to achieve manufacturing excellence under the domain of world-class manufacturing practices. This paper discusses the underlying principles of world class manufacturing (WCM) model and concept that has seen the emergence of companies from Japan, Germany, and the U.S. and other countries across the world to dominate on the global scale with their high quality products that continue to satisfy customers in their respective product segments. Despite achieving excellence in manufacturing, coupled with economic growth they bring to their countries, and possibly end-users also, as reflected by the rise in per capita income and consumption levels in developed and emerging economies in recent decades, sustainability concerns in the last 10-15 years have brought in new thinking to implement environment management systems in manufacturers’ production systems and value chains. This may require companies to re-design their internal and external strategies and processes in a manner that our eco-system is not harmed. The focus of this paper is on sustainable manufacturing, handling ecological and social challenges, and pursuit of green strategies to design environment friendly products, technologies and production systems that will reduce environmental impacts. Keywords: customer focus, just-in-time, logistics, quality control, total quality management

INTRODUCTION An organization’s ability to survive depends upon its ability to meet demands of the environment, which are always changing. Owing to intensification of global competition, many big manufacturing companies, who once ruled the market have disappeared, or eclipsed as they could not adapt to changes in

production, regulatory, and marketing environment. Examples from India include Fiat India which was known for its premier Padmini car, and Hindustan Motors, whose Ambassador car model was once popular across India, and is now facing closure.[1]

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International Journal of Automatic Control System Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Optimization of Variants of LMS Algorithm for Adaptive Noise Cancellation Saurabh R. Prasad1, Santosh Shashikant Sutar2, Yashwant V. Joshi3 1

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, DKTE Society’s Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, India 2 Yashwantrao Chavan School of Rural Development, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India 3 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, SGGS Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nanded, India

Abstract The most popular adaptive filtering algorithm is Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. This algorithm is a gradient search method based upon steepest descent concept. There are various types of LMS algorithm, such as Standard LMS, Normalized LMS, Block LMS, VSLMS, Signed LMS. The performance parameters of LMS algorithm include Numerical Stability, Convergence, Robustness, Misadjustment etc. These requirements become more stringent when real time applications are concerned. In such applications, the standard LMS may not always be suitable; so other variants have been developed. In this article the optimization of performance parameters of various LMS algorithms is done in MATLAB environment which can be tested on DSP hardware like TMS320 processors or VLSI or any suitable DSP hardware. Keywords: Adaptive Filtering, FIR Filter, LMS Algorithm, Noise Filtering, Simulink

INTRODUCTION An adaptive filter is a system of linear filter that has a transfer function controlled by filter parameters as well as by an optimization algorithm used to adjust those parameters. Because of the complexity of the optimization algorithms, almost all adaptive filters are digital filters. Adaptive filters adapt themselves according to the variation in input signal. Adaptive filter can be implemented either as IIR and FIR; however later is characterized by its advantages like linear phase response, guaranteed stability, no feedback requirement and similarly disadvantages like higher order and thus more computational time compared to its counterpart. So when high quality filtering is requirement, FIR is the choice and when cost is major concern, IIR is choice. The

operation of a linear adaptive filtering involves two basic processes namely; filtering process and adaptation process for filter weight updating model determined by some adaptive algorithm. These two processes work interactively with each other. The first question that can be raised by novice in this field is what the problems are where we can’t use fixed digital filters. The answer is, fixed digital filters are useless in examples like; when the signal and noise occupy the same frequency components, or when the characteristics of signal or noise are not stationary or unknown. The practical example is ECG imaging in which along with cardiac signal, myographic signals are also captured and both lie in the same

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International Journal of Automatic Control System Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Modelling and Simulation of DVR – Ultracapcitor for Power Quality Improvement Dinesh Kumar Tiwari*, Imran Khan AZAD IET, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract The quality of the output power conveyed from the utilities has gotten to be significant worry of the present day commercial ventures since last decay. These power quality related issues are voltage sag, surge, flicker, voltage imbalance interference and harmonic issue. These power quality issue may cause problems to the industries ranging from malfunctioning of equipment’s to complete plant shut down. Those power quality problems affects the microprocessor based load, process equipment’s, sensitive electric component which are highly sensitive to voltage level fluctuations .With the invention of smart grid cost of various energy storage technology decreasing continuously and it also become possible to integrate all things with the real world. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) that can provide improved sag and swell compensation with integrating energy storing capability. The ultra-capacitor (UCAP) is a high and low energy density gadget with perfect attributes for voltages sag and voltage swells pay. In this paper we are incorporating UCAP-based energy storage into DVR topology. The UCAP-DVR blend will enhance dynamic power capacity and it will have the capacity to repay voltages sag and voltages swell. UCAP will added into dc link of DVR through a bidirectional dc-dc convertor. The simulation model of overall system is devolved and result has been compared. Keywords: DC–DC convertor, d–q control, DVR, IGBT, PLL, UCAP

INTRODUCTION The idea of dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs) first introduced by Woodley et al[1] for improving the momentary voltage disturbance on utility side when first it has been introduced it gain a lot of appreciation for its extraordinary performance[1-5]. In[6-10] authors suggested that its application with rechargeable energy storage at the dc terminal to meet the active power requirement of the grid during voltage disturbances. The author also explained an alternative solution to compensate voltage sag by introducing a lagging voltage in quadrature with line current.[11-14] Due to high cost of rechargeable energy storage different types

of control strategies have also been introduced in literature.[15-20] The high cost of rechargeable energy storage device may affect the use DVR in power quality improvement but day by different types of improvement has been taking place and which also reducing high cost of DVR. Therefore, there is a lot of renewed ideas and invention[15,18] taking place in rechargeable energy storage at dc terminal such as static compensator (STATCOM) and DVR.[20] Various types of rechargeable energy storage technologies based on superconducting magnets (FESS), batteries (BESS), and ultra-capacitor (UCAPs) are compared in ref.[18] for integration in advanced power system networks.

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International Journal of Automatic Control System Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Performance Analysis of Boost Converter Using PI Controller S. Vinoth Kumar*, M.S. Sivagamasundari, D. Periyasamy Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V.V. College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract In this paper, the performance of boost converter is analyzed by using PI controller. The PI controller controls the boost converters output voltage, rise time, peak time and settling time of the response. It is typically used to compensate the input variations and provide tighter control response of the output voltage. By varying the duty cycle of the boost converter, the source impedance can be matched to adjust the load impedance to improve the efficiency of the system. The analysis has been studied by MATLAB/Simulink. Keywords: DC–DC boost converter, duty cycle, MATLAB simulation, PI controller

INTRODUCTION DC–DC converters are operated in BUCK, BOOST and BUCK-BOOST at different voltage conversion ratios. Boost converters are used to obtain higher output voltage in comparison with the input DC voltage and it is increasingly employed as front end converters for battery sources, photovoltaic solar systems and fuel cells.[1–3] These converters, when operated under open loop condition, it exhibits poor voltage regulation and unsatisfactory dynamic response, and hence, this converter is generally provided with closed loop control for output voltage [4] regulation. The mode of operation of the converter varies from ON to OFF state of the power switch and traditionally small signal linearization techniques have largely been employed for controller design. Many control strategies have been proposed switch ON and OFF (duty cycle) is controlled to obtain the desired output voltage. In past, closed loop control design was carried out using small signal linearization. Linear PID and PI

controllers are usually used DC–DC converters are designed using standard frequency response techniques based on small signal model of the converter. The design based on linear control theory such as Ziegler–Nichol’s method,[5] root locus technique,[6] circle-based criterion,[7] hysteresis method,[8] bode plot, etc. These control strategies that are based on the linearized small signal model of the converter have good performance around the operating point. However, a boost converter’s small signal model changes when the operating point varies. The poles and a right-half-plane zero, as well as the magnitude of the frequency response, are all dependent on the duty cycle. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BOOST CONVERTER A DC–DC boost converter is used which consists of boost inductor, diode, MOSFET used as a switch, output filter capacitance and resistive load. When supply voltage is given, inductor current increases when the switch is closed. When the switch is opened, both inductor voltage

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International Journal of Automatic Control System Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Multiadapter Using Buck Converter with PID Controller D. Periyasamy*, M.S. Sivagamasundari, S. Vinoth Kumar Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V.V. College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract This paper presented a model of switch mode dc–dc converter incorporated with the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The dc–dc converter (buck) will step down the input dc voltage of 12 to 3–20 V. The PID controller will control the outputs which are voltage and current and those will be display in graph. The PID controller is tuned to get the highest quality of output. The switching frequency of the dc–dc converter (buck) is set to 48 kHz for faster switching operation. This system is implemented in MATLAB Simulink software and hardware.

INTRODUCTION Main target in power electronics is to convert electrical energy from one form to another. To make electrical energy to reach the load with highest efficiency is the target to be achieved. Power electronics also targets to reduce the size of the device to convert these energy which aims to reduce cost, smaller in size and high availability. In this project the power electronic device that use is dc to dc converter. There are four types of dc to dc converter:[1] (i) Buck (ii) Boost (iii)Buck-boost (iv) Cuk The dc–dc converter for this project is buck converter. Buck is use to convert unregulated dc input to a controlled dc output with a desired voltage level. The buck will step down the input voltage 24 to 3–20 V dc with the switching frequency 48 kHz. Together with buck is proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller that uses to control the

behaviors of the system in linear. This system is a close loop system with feedback. The software used for simulation is MATLAB SIMULINK. This project consists of modeling, simulation and stability analysis BASIC OF DC TO DC CONVERTER Instead of using transformer we also can use switching converter to step down the input voltage, the reason why should use converter because typically the output produced is at a different voltage level than the input. In addition, DC-to-DC converters are used to provide noise isolation, power bus regulation, etc. In this project, basically we must know how the converter operates and the operation of the system. A DC-to-DC converter is a device that accepts a DC input voltage and produces a DC output voltage.[2] PWM AND TRANSISTORS PWM is the main part in designing a buck converter. By using pulse-width modulation (PWM) control, regulation of output voltage is achieved by varying the duty cycle of the switch. Duty cycle refers to ratio of the period where power

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International Journal of Automatic Control System Vol. 2: Issue 1

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SOP-Based Hybrid H-Bridge Nine Level Inverter Using PI Controller E. Mahalakshmi*, M. Germin Nisha ME-Power Electronics and Drives, V.V. College Of Engineering, Thisayanvillai, India Abstract This paper over observed the medium-voltage (MV) multilevel converters with an emphasis on attaining less harmonic distortion and worthy effectiveness at low switching frequency operation. Generating of gate signals for hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter at low switching frequency using Synchronous Optimal Pulse width Modulation technique. The PI controller controls the output voltage of nine levels MLI by manipulating the modulation index of gate driver circuit. In proposed inverter the number of DC sources in cascaded hybrid MLI is reduced by incorporating of diodes and capacitors. This hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter allows operation at multiple of dc-link voltage and reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD). Low switching frequency reduces the switching losses of the power semiconductor devices.

INTRODUCTION Inverters are o used to provide power to electronics devices in the case of a power outage or for activities such as camping, where no power is available. The inverter converts a direct current (DC) or battery power into an alternating current (AC) or household power. The lot of industrial applications require high power apparatus in recent years. Some of the medium and high voltage motor drives, utility applications require medium voltage and megawatt power level. For a medium voltage grid, it is problem to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly. As a result multilevel inverter structure has brought in for high power and medium voltage application. A multilevel inverter not only achieves high power ratings and also enables to use in on renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind and fuel cells are easily interfaced with the multilevel

converter system for a high power application. The concept of multilevel inverters brought in since 1975.[1] The term multilevel commenced with the three level inverters.[2] Afterwards, several multilevel inverter topologies have been formulated. However, the elementary concept of a multilevel inverter is used to achieve higher power by use a series of power semiconductor switches with several dc voltage sources to perform the power changeover by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. Renewable sources like solar, wind mills, batteries, capacitors are used as an multiple dc sources in order that achieved expected voltage, nevertheless, the valued voltage of the semiconductor devices depends only upon the rating of the dc voltage sources connected to it. A multilevel inverter is a more powerful inverter than ordinary standard inverter

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FLC-Based Analysis of LCC and MMC Hybrid HVDC Transmission System J. Ezhil Hannah*, S. Gomathi Kalyani Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V.V. College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract To meet the high demand of electrical energy, reliable and stable transmission facilities are required. Due to several disadvantages in AC transmission lines such as thermal limits, corona effect, skin effect, etc. HVDC came into existence. HVDC has proved to be more durable and reliable in case of long distance and under water transmission. A new hybrid HVDC system, which combines the best features of line-commutated converter and VSC technology, is proposed. The proposed system constitute the robust performance and low capital cost and power loss of a line commutated HVDC converter, with the fast dynamic performance of a MMC system. It also describes the principles and control strategies of the proposed system. The most challenging issue in the operation of MMC is sub-module voltage balancing. The phase shifted multi carrier PWM technique is introduced in this proposed system to rectify the voltage balancing problem. The FLC controller is employed to provide the better stability of dc voltage. The voltage distortion of MMC was reduced and gives low THD. Finally, the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation verifications have been carried out based on a 250-MW/ 110-kV LCC–MMC hybrid HVDC system and its dc network. Keywords: HVDC, hybrid transmission, MMC, LCC, phase shifted multi carrier PWM technique, sub-module voltage balancing

INTRODUCTION For the bulk power transmission, the HVDC electric power transmission system uses direct current, in contrast with the more common alternating current systems. In the long-distance transmission, HVDC systems may be less expensive and have lower electrical losses. HVDC is useful in the underwater power cables, because it avoids the heavy currents required to charge and discharge the cable capacitance. For shorter distances HVDC transmission is not economic hence the cost of DC conversion equipment is high compared to

an AC system. Also, HVDC allows power transmission between unsynchronized AC transmission systems. The existing commercial VSC-HVDC system trip the ac circuit breakers to clear the fault in dc line obviously, this is the most economical and widely used method but the response of mechanical switches is slow. To solve this problem, a line commutated converter (LCC)-modular multilevel converter (MMC) hybrid HVDC transmission system is proposed. This hybrid topology uses the LCC-based rectifier at its sending side and the MMCbased inverter at its receiving side.[1]

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

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Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

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Computer Science and Engineering « « « « «

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