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International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition

International Journal of International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition is a comprehensive journal that covers all the topics of image processing and recognition. All articles that are included in the journal are peer-reviewed and follow stringent guidelines before publishing. From image analysis to quadratic discriminate analysis all the topics fall under the scope and the focus of this journal.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Image analysis ! Image understanding ! Digital image processing ! Text compression ! Still image compression ! Video image compression ! Feature extraction ! Pattern recognition ! Multi-scale signal analysis ! Hidden markov models ! Anisotropic diffusion ! Partial differential equations ! Self-organizing maps ! Linear discriminate analysis ! Quadratic discriminate analysis

International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition is published twice a year (bi-annual) in India by JournalsPub is an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written permission to the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub (info@journalspub.com).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Xiaojun Chen chen Associate professor, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), China

Dr. Mansaf Alam Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

Dr. Debnath Bhattacharyya Dept. of Computer Application, RCC Institute of Information Technology, Kolkata, India.

Dr. Hemanta Kumar Baruah Vice-Chancellor, Bodoland University Kokrajhar (Assam), India

Dr. Kiran Sree Professor in the department of CSE, NBKRIST, India

Dr. Tripty Singh Amrita School of Engg, Bangalore, India

Dr. A Devendran Associate Professor in Dr. M.G.R. Educational & Research Institute University (Deemed) Madurvoyal, Chennai, India

Dr. C Jayakumari Associate Professor, Department of Computer Application, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India

Dr. Sunil Kumar Department of Computer Science & Engineering College of Engineering and Technology, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh (Rajasthan), India

Dr. Sasmita Mishra Associate Professor Department of Comp. Sc. & Applications IGIT, Sarang Talcher, Dhenkanal, Orissa, India

Dr. Manish M Kayasth UCCC & SPBCBA & Udhna Academy College of Computer Application and IT, India

Bikram Ballav Assistant Professor, BPUT, Bhubaneswar, India

Ziyan Wu Research Scientist, Vision Solutions and Technologies, Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton (NJ), U.S.

Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Singh Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Union Christian College, RiBhoi, Meghalaya, India

Mr. Bhaskar Mandal Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur (JH), India

Prof Saurabh Rai Dhirendra Prasad DKTE Society's Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, India

Mr. S Sivakumar Periyar University, Salem, India

Mr. Saptarshi Roy Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Warangal, India, India

Kalyan Kumar Jena Dept. of CSEA, IGIT, Sarang, Odisha, India,

Safar Irandoust Assistant Professor at University of Tabriz

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Shivkant Kaushik Assistant Professor, Jaipur Engineering College, India

Avatharam Ganivada Visiting Scientist, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India

Dr. Pokkuluri Kiran Sree Professor, Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women, India

Mr. Kundan Lal Verma DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition. This journal is part of the Computer Science and Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Engineering issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Computer Science and Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Computer Science and Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Image analysis, Image understanding, Digital image processing, Text compression Still image compression, Video image compression, Feature extraction, Multi-scale signal analysis Hidden markov models, Anisotropic diffusion, Quadratic discriminate analysis. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Computer Science and Engineering and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Computer Science and Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this very first issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Computer Science and Engineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Computer Science and Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Computer Science and Engineering. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. A Sequence Structure for Image Change Detection Using Sensor Network N. Siranjeevi, B.M. Alaudeen

2. Fingerprint Image Enhancement Mayur S. Patil, Sandip S. Patil

3. Computer Application - Brain Fingerprinting Avinash Chauhan

4. Functional Design for Industries Kshitij Singh Raghav

5. Trade and Commerce Membership Facilitation for Industries and Proposed System Kshitij Singh Raghav

International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Vol. 2: Issue 1

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A Sequence Structure for Image Change Detection Using Sensor Network N. Siranjeevi1*, B.M. Alaudeen2 1

Research Scholar, Periyar University, Salem Research Scholar, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli

Abstract Change detection in pictures is of nice interest due to its connectedness in several applications like video police work. This article work presents the underlying theoretical drawback of distributed image amendment detection employing a wireless detector network. The planned system consisted of multiple image sensors, which created native choices severally associate degreed send them to a foundation station through an additive white Gaussian noise channel. The bottom station then created a world call and declared whether or not a major amendment had occurred or not. This technique used four thresholds to sight native and world changes within the space being monitored. 2 thresholds outlined at the detector level helped the detector create a neighborhood call, and therefore the remaining 2 thresholds outlined at the system level helped the fusion center create a world call. Hence, by victimization four thresholds, the performance of the planned model was ascertained to own excellent fault tolerance. Keywords: change detection, qualitative sensor network, thresholds

INTRODUCTION The information obtained from remote sensing satellites furnishes information regarding the land at variable resolutions and has been wide used for amendment detection studies. There exist a large variety of amendment detection methodologies and techniques with the continual emergence of recent ones. This paper provides a review of element primarily based and object-based amendment detection techniques in combination with the comparison of their deserve and restrictions. The appearance of very-high-resolution remotely detected pictures, exponentially magnified image knowledge volume and multiple sensors demand the potential use of knowledge mining techniques in wheel with objectbased strategies for amendment detection. Amendment detection is outlined because the method of characteristic variations

within the state of associate degree object or development by observant it at totally different times (Singh, 1989). The overall goal of amendment detection in remote sensing includes characteristic the geographical location, recognizing and quantifying the kind of changes and at last assessing the accuracy results. Remote sensing knowledge is employed for amendment detection as a result of the changes within the object of interest modifies the spectral performance (like reflection factor price or native texture) which might be differentiated from changes caused by different factors. the weather that have an effect on amendment detection victimization remote sensing knowledge includes abstraction, spectral,

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International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Fingerprint Image Enhancement Mayur S. Patil*, Sandip S. Patil Department of Computer Engineering, SSBT’s COET, Bambhori, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India

Abstract The most and widely used bio-identification system is fingerprint recognition system. It is popular because of the fact that fingerprints of human are unique. The fingerprints of even identical twins are different. The fingerprint of individual is unique and remains unchanged over lifetime. A fingerprint can be seen as smoothly varying pattern formed by alternating ridges and valleys on the surface of the finger. A ridge is defined as the single curved segment, and valley is a region between the two adjacent ridges. The ridges are the dark lines and valleys are the light lines in the fingerprint image pattern. Image Enhancement is the process of improving the quality of a digitally stored image by manipulating the image. For example to make an image lighter or darker, or to increase or decrease contrast. There are various Techniques used for image enhancement, like Histogram Equalization Technique, Fourier Transform, Gaussian Anisotropic Filtering, Rotational filter etc. The every fingerprint has unique characteristics called minutiae, which is point where a arc track finish, traverse or twigs off. In this work a novel method for Fingerprint recognition is consider using a arrangement of Gabor Filters to enhance the image and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). With eight different orientations of rotational filter, features of the fingerprint are extracting and are combined. In Frequency domain filtering, the fingerprint image is subdivided into 32*32 small frames. Features are extracted from these frames in frequency domain. Final enhanced fingerprint is obtained the results of Rotational filter and frequency domain filtering. Binarization and Thinning follows next where the enhanced fingerprint is converted to binary and the ridges are thinned to one pixel width. This helps in extracting the Minutiae parts (ridge bifurcation and ridge endings). This project is implemented using SCILAB/MATLAB. Keywords: fingerprint image enhancement, FFT, minutia, rotational filter

INTRODUCTION Fingerprint is most widely used biometric identification because it is unique for every individual throughout the globe. Fingerprint Image Enhancement’s goal is to improve the quality of fingerprint image and also to remove the noise. FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION A fingerprint recognition system can be used for both verification and

identification. In verification, the system compares an input fingerprint to the “enrolled” fingerprint of a specific user to determine if they are from the same finger (1:1 match). In identification, the system compares an input fingerprint with the prints of all enrolled users in the database to determine if the person is already known under a duplicate or false identity (1:N match). Detecting multiple enrollments, in which the same person

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International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Computer Application – Brain Fingerprinting Avinash Chauhan* Department of Electrical and Electronics, Anand Engineering College, Agra, India

Abstract Brain Fingerprinting is a new and innovative computer-based technique to know about the enforcer of a crime accurately and scientifically by measuring brain-wave responses to various crime-relevant words or pictures presented on a computer screen. It has proven 100% accurate in over 120 tests, including tests on FBI agents, tests for a US intelligence agency and for the US Navy, and tests on real-life situations including felony crimes like Aarushi murder case in India. In Brain Fingerprinting it is basically based on finding that the brain generates a unique brain wave pattern when a person encounters a familiar stimulus, which can be done by using of functional magnetic resonance imaging in lie detection derives from studies suggesting that persons asked to lie show different patterns of brain activity than they do when being truthful. Issues related to the use of such evidence in courts are discussed. So by this paper author would like to enlighten some facts about brain fingerprinting and computer technology plays an important role in it. Keywords: brain fingerprinting, proband, stimulus

INTRODUCTION Brain Fingerprinting is an invention in the field of criminology; it is a new lie detector has been developed in the United States of America. This invention is supposed to be the best lie detector available as on date and is said to detect even all type of lie test by using polygraph test (the conventional lie detector test) with ease. In this method brain waves are used which detect whether the person subjected to the test, remembers finer details of the crime. These wave detector detect the information by collaboration og computing technology. Even if the person willingly suppresses the necessary information, the brain wave is sure to trap him, according to the experts, who are very excited about the new kid on the block.

It is a controversial proposed investigative technique that measures recognition of familiar stimuli by measuring electrical brain wave responses to words, phrases, or pictures that are presented on computer screen. Brain fingerprinting was invented by Lawrence Farwell. In the field of criminology, a new lie detector has been developed in the United States of America. This is called “brain fingerprinting”. METHOD AND PROCEDURE The electroencephalography (An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that detects electrical activity in your brain using small, flat metal discs (electrodes) attached to your scalp. Your brain cells communicate via electrical impulses and are active all the time, even when you're asleep. This activity shows up as wavy lines on an EEG recording) from several locations on the scalp can be

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International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Functional Design for Industries Kshitij Singh Raghav* Department of Computer Science Application, Bhai Parmanand Institute of Business Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India

Abstract To be a part of any industry like Amazon, Flipkart, etc. We need to register ourself on their portals. So, this paper demonstrates that how to generate these portals by any industry for their customers. Keywords: account activation, portal member, portal

BACKGROUND How to Become a Member To become a member of an organization, you should login to respective organization’s website and follow the process.



Understand Benefits The benefits of the organization’s membership form are listed on the website as well, so one should understand how the membership benefits him/her and in what way, and what are key factors of the form that interests him to take up membership.[1]

Register and Fill the Form A user can fill his organization details in the form and upload documents of his/her business for verification and other important information such as contact details. This allows other parties to contact user if they require business from him, also the organization will also be able to contact him whenever required.[2]

The benefits are listed below  Interactive global importers/exporters/wholesalers/distrib utors manufacturers/agents – directory  Searchable by product and country (connectivity to KOMPASS)  Access to industry’s/organization’s (India) online weekly Indian Export Bulletin containing the following information  Trade enquiries received across the globe  Information on industry’s/organization’s trade promotion activities, Trade Fairs and Exhibitions organized by the respective organization

   

Trade Statistics & Overseas Market Trends Tariffs & Taxes Market Surveys Country Profiles Access to ITC Trade Map

Payments There are 2 scenarios in which user can make payments. (1) Payment before generation of reference number. (2) Payment after generation of reference number.

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International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Trade and Commerce Membership Facilitation for Industries and Proposed System Kshitij Singh Raghav* Department of Computer Science Application, Bhai Parmanand Institute of Business Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India

Abstract The project TCMF is required to create an online web form for industries to enroll themselves to register with the organization, which promotes the business of its registered members. The organization is a government of India Enterprise, which verifies the organization thoroughly before proceeding with its promotion. In addition to promotion it also facilitates many other services to its registered members. The web form will be selfexplanatory to provide convenience to rural industries owners with common FAQ’s and feedback to help them filling up the form easily. The form will contain some pre-options in its attributes so to easily be marked and reduce the hassle of typing, but will also contain text boxes wherever extra description might be required to store in association with the respective industry. The membership form can also be filled by the organization online which contains all the necessary information of the organization with facility to upload proofs of documents required by respective organization to list them as their member. Keywords: GUI, membership, organization, TCMF

INTRODUCTION The objective of the project TCMF is to provide convenience to people, i.e., to be able to enroll the services and Trade promotion through organization sitting from anywhere in the world, a hassle free service which takes less than 5 minutes to register.

to promote their industries boost and advertize their business through trade within India and in other countries as well. The project is based on building a web Application form using ASP.net and installing it on web server. The form will be accessible through organization website link.[1]

The membership form can be filled by the organization online which contains all the necessary information of the organization with the facility to upload proofs of documents required by organization to list them as their member. The membership is acquired after payment of fees (for 1 year) to organization using Demand Draft only. Organization will be provided a login identification for accessing their services. The information organization will also be provided a separate website url. This will help the small organization and industries

ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM  Very simple and easy to implement  Protection of data  ensure data accuracy  Administrator discretion and control over the entire system  online facilities  Reduces manual data entry  Greater efficiency

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« « « «

¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog 5 more... Signals

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Planning Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning

Pollution 1 more...

« « « «

Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

2 more...

Electrical Engineering

« « « «

Nursing

Material Sciences and Engineering

« « « «

5 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and « « « «

Jan – Jun 2016

Civil Engineering

« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure

« « « « «

IJIPPR

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

« « « « «

Image Processing & Pattern Recognition

5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

International Journal of

Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences