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International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2455-0337 International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology is a comprehensive journal that covers all aspects of Microwave Engineering and their integration into recent technologies that are the focus of ongoing research. Journal has a wider scope including all major advancement in the technology and design that are related to Microwave Engineering. All articles presented here are peer-reviewed and are of good quality.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Microwave transmission ! Artificial dielectrics ! Microwave amplifiers ! Microwave components and circuits ! Scattering parameters ! Smith chart and its applications ! Transmission lines ! Waveguides ! Planar circuits and passive circuits ! Cad tools in RF/microwave circuit design ! ABCD or ray transfer matrix

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Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Ram Mohan Mehra School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University India

Dr. Vandana Vikas Thakare Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MITS Gwalior, India

Dr. Vijay Kumar Salviya Director Engineering Institute, & Project Technical Advisor,International R& D Group India

Kota Chandra Bhushana Rao Department of Electronics Communication Enginering, JNTUK-UCEVVizianagaram India

Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand India

Dr. Amel Boufrioua University Constantine, Algeria

Mr. MayankChakraverty Member of IBM Semiconductor Research & Development Center India

Mr. Praveen Kumar Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Dundigal (Vil), Hyderabad India

Mr. Devendra Kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Rustamji Institute of Technology ,BSF, Tekanpur, Gwalior India

Sachin Kumar Gupta School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakryal, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Rama Krishna Merugumalli Department of Electronics Communication Engineering, Andhra Loyola Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vijayawada, India

Mr V Koushick Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Trichy Engineering College, Somu Nagar, Konalai, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Kartic Bera Department of Remote Sensing & GIS, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India

Dr. E. Kusuma Kumari Sri Vasavi Engineering College, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh, India

Manas Ranjan Jena Department of ETC, SIET, Dhenkanal, Odisha, India

Ravi Prakash Dwivedi SENSE, VIT university, Chennai, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology. This journal is part of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Electronics issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Microwave transmission Artificial dielectrics, Microwave amplifiers, Microwave, components and circuits, Scattering parameters, Smith chart and its applications, Transmission lines, Waveguides, Planar circuits and passive circuits, Cad tools in, RF/microwave circuit design and ABCD or ray transfer matrix. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this very first issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Design and Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for ISM Band Applications Sovana Biswal, Santwana Mohapatra, Subhalaxmi Jena, Manas Ranjan Jena

2. Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Exposure System at 900 MHz With Different Feeding Mechanism Rahul Dev Mishra, Pramod Kumar Singhal

3. Broadbanding of Circular Patch Antenna Using Stub Loaded Stacked Configuration Deeksha Singh, Dushyant Singh

4. Observations on Performance and Challenges of Implantable Antennas in Biotelemetry Application Pinki Kumari, Raghvendra Singh

5. A Simple Method for Estimation of Surface Transfer Impedance of Coaxial Cables as Per MIL STD 1377 for EMC Qualification P. Raghunadha Reddy, K. Chandra Bhushana Rao, P. Siva Kumar

6. Design A Kaiser Window-Based Digital Filter by Using GRNN Anil Mourya

International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2455-0337 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Design and Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for ISM Band Applications Sovana Biswal*, Santwana Mohapatra, Subhalaxmi Jena, Manas Ranjan Jena Department of ETC, SIET, Dhenkanal, Odisha, India

Abstract In this paper, we have achieved an efficient rectangular patch antenna with optimized parameters. Antennas are key components of any wireless system. A microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is a small size antenna used to process ultrahigh frequency signals. A microstrip antenna is commonly called as patch antenna and here we are using rectangular patch. The conducting patch can take any shape, but rectangular configurations are the most commonly used. The size of the microstrip antenna is inversely proportional to its frequency that means the larger the antenna, the lower the frequency it is able to detect. In designing the microstrip patch antenna many parameters are important like length, width, height of the patch. Main purpose of this paper is to design and analyze the various parameters of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna. MATLAB is the basic tool for design and analysis purpose. Keywords: MPA, directivity, gain, efficiency, return loss, VSWR, MATLAB

INTRODUCTION A microstrip antenna is also called a patch antenna. It is a type of radio antenna with a low profile which can be mounted on a flat surface. The Microstrip Patch Antenna is a single-layer design which consists generally of four parts: patch, ground plane, substrate, and the feeding part. Patch antennas are simple to fabricate and easy to modify and customize.[1–6] A patch is a two dimensional antenna element, which is often rectangular in shape. It is of a very thin thickness (t) of metallic strip on top of a material known as the substrate with thickness h. Patch antennas are the original type of microstrip antenna described by Howell in 1972. The rectangular patch antenna is roughly about a one-half wavelength long section of rectangular microstrip transmission line. Air being the antenna substrate, the length of the rectangular microstrip antenna is nearly one-half of a

free-space wavelength. The loaded antenna with a dielectric as its substrate, the length of the antenna declines as the relative dielectric constant of the substrate increases.[7] A patch antenna is a narrowband, widebeam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate, such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane.[5] ANTENNA DESIGN SPECIFICATION The proposed antenna is designed by using following specifications (Figure 1).  The dielectric constant(ε) = 4.9  the substrate thickness (in mm) (h) = 1.6

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International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2455-0337(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Exposure System at 900 MHz With Different Feeding Mechanism Rahul Dev Mishra*, Pramod Kumar Singhal Department of Electronics Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India

Abstract Microstrip antennas widely used in defence applications, in aircrafts and in applications where narrow bandwidth is required. In this work an antenna is designed with 3 different feeding mechanisms. The feeding mechanism is used to provide the path for the flow of current from the source. The three different feeds are Line feed, Quarter wave transformer feed and Inset feed. The rectangular microstrip patch antenna designed at 900 MHz and these 3 types of feeding mechanism is used in same patch and the effect on reflection coefficient, gain, directivity, electric field and magnetic field is observed. The comparison between all parameter is made and the conclusion is derived. This antenna is designed for mounting in the exposure system. Exposure system can be a chamber of plexiglass, wood, in which animals like rats can be placed for certain duration for example one month & two month for observing the effects of radiations on these animals. Hence in this paper same patch is designed using different feeding techniques for best possible results. Keywords: computer simulation technology, exposure system, fr4 substrate, directivity, gain, perfect electric conductor, quarter wave transformer

INTRODUCTION In this modern world we are engulfed with the antennas and the antenna is a radiating device and the radiation produced by antenna is useful as well as harmful [1, 2]. For observing the harmful effects of microstrip antennas [3, 4] the exposure system is designed. Exposure system [5, 6] can be of different type and the system consist horn antenna and microstrip antenna. So in this work 900 MHz antenna is designed for exposure system with different feeding mechanisms. The description of the feeding mechanisms is given below: 1. Line Feed: It [7] is a mechanism in which a microstrip line is connected with the patch for the flow of the current. This is shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 1. Microstrip Line Feed. 2. Quarter Wave Transformer Feed: In this technique a microstrip line of đ?&#x153;&#x2020; length 4 is placed between a 50 sÎŠ line and the patch. The impedance of the quarter-wave transformer [8] is given by the Equation 1. Z1 = đ?&#x2018;&#x2026;đ?&#x2018;&#x2013;đ?&#x2018;&#x203A; â&#x2C6;&#x2014; đ?&#x2018;?0

Eq. (1)

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International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2455-0337 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Broadbanding of Circular Patch Antenna Using Stub Loaded Stacked Configuration Deeksha Singh*, Dushyant Singh Department Of Electronics Communication Engineering, RBSETC, Bichpuri, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract This paper proposes a stub loaded stacked configuration of a circular patch antenna using FR-4 material as a substrate with dielectric constant of 4.2 for resonant frequency of 2 GHz. This configuration is a hybrid of two broadbanding technique, the stub loading technique and stacking technique. The radius of the patch is calculated to be 18.88 mm and the air gap is 1 mm between the lower and upper layer. A percentage bandwidth of 2.85 is obtained. Keywords: broad banding, stub loaded, stacked

INTRODUCTION It is a very recent development in human history that the electromagnetic spectrum, outside the visible region, has been employed for communication, through the use of radio networks. In addition, nowadays in mobile communication applications, the small size of antenna is required in order to meet the miniaturization requirements of mobile units. Thus, size reduction and bandwidth enhancement are becoming major design considerations for practical applications of micro strip antenna.[1-5]

compact, reliable and light weight in nature ANTENNA DESIGN AND STRUCTURE An MSA in its simplest form consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate and a ground plane on the other side. The top and side views of a Circular MSA (CMSA) are shown in Figure 1

The concept of micro strip antenna was first introduced by Descamp in 1953. Howell and Munson first developed such practical antennas in 1970’s. Conventional micro strip antenna consists of a single thin conducting material on a dielectric substrate above a ground plane.[6-8] The patch conductor is normally made of copper or gold and achieve any type of shape, but geometrical shapes are generally used. In various wireless applications,[9] micro strip antennas have been used to make the design more

Fig. 1. Circular Patch Microstrip Antenna.

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International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2455-0337 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Observations on Performance and Challenges of Implantable Antennas in Biotelemetry Application Pinki Kumari*, Raghvendra Singh Department of Electronics and Communication, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

Abstract People are moving in a very fast developing environment to achieve new technology for medical purpose. Latest development in the field of implantable medical device gives hope in the field of biotelemetry hence Implantable antennas are in great demand. In this paper, the main focus is on the performance of Implantable antenna and the challenges as miniaturization, patient safety, compatibility and many more. The return loss and the radiation pattern are also observed at 868 MHz. Single and multilayer tissue model is also seen. Keywords: IMDs, medical implant communication system, phantom, specific absorption rate

INTRODUCTION In this modern generation, a great research interest is in the field of wireless implant[1] for medical & healthcare purpose. Antennas are becoming important in the field of biotelemetry. Recent years, things are becoming easy to be researched and to be implemented as in biomedical telemetry researchers are mostly interested in implantable medical devices (IMDs).[2,3] These devices mainly deal with the measurement of temperature, blood pressure and continuous monitoring of cardiac beat when the particular person is in the medical ward or the intensive care unit (ICU).[4] This is also helpful to indicate the body information such as Allergies. Many other applications are also there of IMDs such as finding lost pets, to control farm animals for safety, etc. The data record of body can be obtained on the computer system when linked to it. Antenna of an implanted device plays an important role in transmitting and receiving power in the human body. Implantable device systems came into light in the year 1990s[5] and at that time it was suggested for future telecommunication.

OBJECTIVE The main objective is the implanted antenna size,[6-10] low power requirements and biocompatibility with the body. Antenna which is placed inside the tissue is so designed keeping in mind the electrical properties of the tissue. Till now, micro strip or planer inverted F antennas (PIFA) was proposed for implantable devices in the frequency band at 402–405 MHz. Low frequency inductive links have long been the most frequent method of Biotelemetry for IMDs. But, this is having low data rates (1–30 kbps) & restricted range of communication (<10 cm).[2] To overcome these limitations, research is currently heading towards Radio Frequency (RF) linked IMDs. RF linked IMDs are already in use for many application such as temperature, monitoring, pacemakers,

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International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2455-0337(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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A Simple Method for Estimation of Surface Transfer Impedance of Coaxial Cables as Per MIL STD 1377 for EMC Qualification P. Raghunadha Reddy1*, K. Chandra Bhushana Rao1, P. Siva Kumar2 1

Systems and Signal Processing, Department of ECE, JNTUK-UCEV, Vizianagaram, AP, India 2 SAMEER – E3, Visakhapatnam, AP, India

Abstract In recent years, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems associated with high frequency and high speed inter connects are becoming of increasing concern. Coaxial cables are a popular form of inter connect between intra- and intersystems and subsystems. Transfer impedance is a measure for assessing the shielding effectiveness of outer shield of a coaxial cable. In this paper, we proposed an easy and inexpensive method for estimating the surface transfer impedance (STI) of a coaxial cable and thus qualifying the sample for EMC to use in various applications. DIY RF Current probe is designed & validated in the test frequency range for carrying out STI measurements. Typical test setups for validation of current probes and estimation of STI are developed. In this paper, a frequency-domain measurement method using DIY current probe is proposed. This method is inexpensive and can be set up very quickly without any complex cable sample preparation. Keywords: common mode current, electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic interference, RF current probe, surface transfer impedance

INTRODUCTION Transfer Impedance measurement is the best method to estimate the shielding effectiveness of co-axial cables and connectors. It characterizes the shielding properties independently of the external conditions.[1–9] This paper describes about measurement procedure to carry out transfer impedance by using the instruments RF signal generator, Spectrum Analyser and RF Current probe. The first section, explains about the theory of coupling between primary to secondary, similar to transformer coupling principle. The theory is applied for the design of a toroid to pick up the magnetic field flowing around the current carrying conductor.

Current Probe for estimating the current flow inside the conductor. A measurement test setup is prepared for validation of the designed current probes. The coupling voltages are measured and the performance is compared with the commercially available RF current probe. The third section, explains about use of DIY probe for estimation of transfer impedance of the cable sample. A typical test setup for measurement of Surface Transfer Impedance (STI) is prepared to transfer impedance as per MIL STD 1377. DESIGN OF RF CURRENT PROBE The concept of transfer impedance is a means for measuring the shielding

The second section, briefs about design of Do-It-Yourself Radio Frequency Clamp on

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International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2455-0337(online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Design A Kaiser Window-Based Digital Filter by Using GRNN Anil Mourya* Department of Electronics Engineering, Madhav Institute Technology and Science Gwalior, India

Abstract In this paper, we have designed the digital filter based on Kaiser Window function using ANN. Firstly we have designed the 10th order digital filter based on Kaiser Window function then calculate the coefficient of designed filter. Similarly this process is repeated for the 15th and 20th order. We have normalized the frequency and designed filter at frequency ranges 0.05 to 0.95 Hz. Then we calculated the coefficients of filter at these different frequencies. Some data group of coefficients is used to train the neural network, designed using generalized regression algorithm and rest data are used to test the input to neural network. The output corresponding to test input is approximate equal to frequency corresponding to calculated coefficients using FDA tool. The optimization of the neural model has been done using generalized regression algorithm. Keywords: ANN, GRNN, LR, MLPFFBP, FDA TOOL

INTRODUCTION A filter is essentially a system or network that selectively changes the wave shape amplitude - frequency and or phase frequency characteristics of a signal in a desired manner. Common filtering objectives are to improve the quality of a signal, to extract information from signals or to separate two or more signals. A

digital filter is a mathematical algorithm implementation in hardware and/or software that operates on a digital input signal to produce a digital output signal for the purpose of achieving a filtering objective. A simplified block diagram of a real-time digital filter, with analog input and output signal is as shown in Figure 1.[1–5]

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¬ ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Manufacturing International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements

and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation 5 more...

Electronics and Telecommunication « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Chemical Engineering « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its

Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

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Architecture « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement

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Chemistry

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

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