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International Journal of Nursing Science Practice and Research International Journal of Nursing Science Practice and Research is a peer reviewed journal and provides a platform to discuss new issues in the area of nursing sciences. The journal also seeks to advance the quality of research by publishing papers introducing or elaborating on new methods in nursing science and practice, subject areas suitable for publication include, but are not limited to the following fields

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Nursing administration and management ! Nursing theory and practice ! Nurse education ! Emergency nursing ! Geriatric nursing ! Palliative nursing ! Assessment and diagnosis ! Community health nursing ! Home health nursing ! Forensic nursing ! Nursing informatics ! Telenursing ! Preoperative nursing ! Intellectual disability nursing

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INTERNAL MEMBERS

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Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Christos F. Kleisiaris Community Nursing, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Greece

Dr. Smriti Arora Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India

Dr. Sutapa Agrawal South Asia Network for Chronic Disease, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon (Haryana), India

Dr. S. Vijayalakshmi Vignesh Nursing College, Kizhanaikarai, Tiruvannamalai, India

Dr. Ioanna V. Papathanasiou Nursing Department, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly, Greece

Mrs. Urmila D Bhardwaj Department of Nursing, Hamdard University, India

Dr. Sushma Kumari Saini National Institute of Nursing Education, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

Dr. A. Judie SRM College of nursing, SRM University, SRM nagar, potheri, (Tamil Nadu), India

Dr. Mala â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Thayumanavan BGS Global Hospital, Kengeri, Bangalore, India

Stella Sagaya Mary Matha college of Nursing, Vaanpuram, Manamadurai, (Tamil Nadu), India

Dr. Ubahara Sahauaraj Centre for Addiction Medicine, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India

A. Arvin Babu Mental Health Nursing Sree Abirami Hospital and College Of Nursing, Coimbatore, India

Dr. E. Sinu ă&#x20AC;&#x20AC; Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India

Sibin Joy Vayalil Community Health Nursing Department & Research Coordinator Lourdes College of Nursing, India

Dr. Asha P. Shetty Yenepoya Nursing College; Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India

Dr. Arnel Banaga Salgado RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, United Arab Emirates

Dr. C. Kanniammal Meenakshi College of Nursing, Chennai, India

Dhanpal H.N. Smt.Nagarathnamma College of Nursing, Bangalore, India

Dr. H. Juliet Sylvia Sacred Heart Nursing College, Ultra trust, Madurai, India

Mr Dinesh Selvam Subramani Padmashree Institute of Nursing Kommaghatta, Bangalore, India

Ms. Kripa Angeline A. Kasturba Gandhi Nursing College, Puducherry, India

Vahitha. S College of Nursing, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Mr. N. J. Vasudevan Chitra College of Nursing, Kerala India

Evangelos C. Fradelos RN, MSc, State Mental Hospital of Attica "Daphne", Greece

Dr. Harmeet kaur Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India

Dharitri Swain All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Sijua (Odisha), India

Ms. Agnes Elizabeth Jose Father Muller College of Nursing, Kankanady, Mangalore, Karnataka,India

Mr Shivarajkumar Dandagi KLE University Institute of Nursing Sciences, ă&#x20AC;&#x20AC; Karnataka, India

Dr. Usha Ukande Choithram College of Nursing, CH&RC Indore (M.P.), India

Dr. C. SUSILA Billroth College Of Nursing, Chennai, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the Second Volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Nursing Science Practice and Research. This journal is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present nursing issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Nursing Science Practice as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Nursing Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International journal of Nursing Science Practice and Research in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Plant Nursing in general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, welltime & successfully. International Journal of Nursing Science Practice and Research focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Nursing theory and practice, Nurse education, Emergency nursing, Geriatric nursing, Community health nursing and Intellectual disability nursing. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Nursing and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Nursing community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this very first issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Nursing. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Nursing readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Nursing. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Changes During Adolescent Period Cicy Joseph

2. Effect of Intervention Package on Self-Esteem of Senior Citizens Jiji Joseph, Sibin Joy Vayalil

3. Counselling During Adolescent Stage Cicy Joseph

4. Integrating Nursing Theory into Practice: Orem Self-Care Deficit Theory Sibin Joy Vayalil

5. Article Writing and Plagiarism in Nursing Field - An Idea of Someone Else! Kalaiselvi Savier, S. Vijayalakshmi

International Journal of Nursing Science Practice and Research ISSN: 2455–6351 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Changes During Adolescent Period Cicy Joseph* M.G.M.M.M.C College of Nursing, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India

Abstract Adolescence is the period of developmental transition between childhood and adulthood, involving multiple physical, intellectual, personality, and social developmental changes. Due to rapid changes adolescents face lot of challenges. They are unintentional injury suicide, homicide, unplanned pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), substance abuse, etc. Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by multiple changes in virtually every aspect of an individual’s life, calling for new psychological adjustments. Keywords: adolescent changes, challenges, emotional changes, physical changes, social changes

INTRODUCTION Geldard and Geldard (2006) explained that adolescence is a time in a young person’s life where they move from dependence on their parents to independence, autonomy and maturity. The young person initiates to move from the family group being their major social system, to the family enchanting a lesser role and being part of a peer group becomes a greater fascination that will finally lead to the young person to standing alone as an adult.[1] Adolescents make up 18% of the world’s population, and more than half live in Asia. India is home to the maximum number of adolescents, at 243 million, followed by China, by around 200 million adolescents. In sub-Saharan Africa, adolescents make up the biggest slice of the population, with 23% of those aged 10 and 19. The same is true of many of the least-developed countries, where adolescents make up 23% of the population, associated with 19% in developing countries and 12 in industrialized countries, conferring to the report.[2]

CONCEPT OF ADOLESCENCE Teenage years refer to the age of transition when the individual changes- physically and psychologically-from a child to an adult. It is an era when rapid physiological and psychological changes demand for new social roles to take place. The adolescents, due to these variations often face a number of emergencies and dilemmas. It is the period when the child moves from dependency to autonomy. It loads significant adjustment to the physical and social changes. Adolescence is one of the most speedy phases of human development. Although the order of many of the changes seems to be universal, their timing and the speed of alteration vary among and even within individuals. Both the characteristics of an individual (e.g. sex) and external factors (e.g. inadequate nutrition, an abusive environment) impact these changes. During adolescence, children progress the ability to:[3–8]

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Counselling During Adolescent Stage Cicy Joseph* M.G.M.M.M.C College of Nursing, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India

Abstract Frightening complexity of current culture postures a change of difficult problems primary to conflicts, frustration, unnatural competition, etc. that result in worth crisis and severe instability between children. Now such a complex society, the individual has to face many difficulties in lifespan for an improved alteration in a social structure. Globalization procedures and evidence technology have knowingly transformed the way people work. Thus the students respond problems and circumstances in all walks and segments of life. The students are not developed enough to unfavourably value baffling situations are uninterruptedly faced with. They need somebody to support in the solution of problems and thus avoid strains and conflicts. The necessity for counselling in recent times has increased because of the range of problems that the individuals have to face in the several areas of life. In the context of the fluctuating socio-cultural setting the repertoire of counselling has been increasing at an astonishing speed. In these circumstances, it is vital to help and guide the youth to useful channels through the introduction of counselling services. Keywords: adolescent, challenges, emotional, social changes

INTRODUCTION In the current globalized development the adolescents face massive problems. Atwater (1988)[1] has claimed that the adolescent period of life is noticeable by emotional development that comprises mood swings, enthusiasm, tenderness, cruelty, curiosity and apathy. In a scenario where experiencing, exploring and experimenting in several areas is an active process for the youth, the relationship between learning and happiness assumes all the more importance. Youngsters are confused with the new structures of modern reality, drug abuse, AIDS, risk behaviours, gender conflict, aggression, etc.

problems and thus avoid pressures and conflicts. The students must recognize their abilities and potentialities, specifically in regions that are critical for the awareness of objectives in life. Their objectives and aspirations and expectations are to be shaped accordingly. Adolescents often find themselves in various emotional difficulties, such as:  Lacking self-confidence, result themselves at odds with their parents, teachers and peers.  Not being agreed by their parents, teachers.

Students are not advanced enough to critically evaluate baffling situations are continuously challenged with. They need somebody to help in the resolution of

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Effect of Intervention Package on Self-Esteem of Senior Citizens Jiji Joseph, Sibin Joy Vayalil* Lourdes College of nursing, Kerala University of Health Science, Cochin, Kerala, India

Abstract A pre-experimental one group pretest posttest study was conducted to assess the effect of intervention package on self-esteem of senior citizens in a selected community, Kerala. A total of 40 senior citizens were selected by convenience sampling technique. The tools used for the study were background information of senior citizens and modified self-esteem scale. The study result shows that there is significant association between self-esteem and education ( =5.45, p = 0.05*), self-esteem and mode of living [ =5.71, p=0.01], happy about children [ =4.91, p=0.02], and support from children [ =8.75, p=0.01]. The mean pretest score of self-esteem among senior citizens is 44.7 SD 8.89. One week after the intervention the posttest score of self-esteem becomes 48.7  SD 7.34. To determine the effect of intervention package ‘t’ test is computed. The result shows t = 4.9, p = 0.001. There is also significant association between pretest level of self-esteem and physical parameters of senior citizens [ = 7.05, p= 0.008**) at 0.01 level. Keywords: intervention package, self-esteem, senior citizen

INTRODUCTION Aging is in mind. Some individuals’ age rapidly as compared to other individuals belonging to the same age group, as they think and believe that they are old. A common saying in America and Europe is that, life starts at 60. Aging is a natural process which shall continue and cannot be prevented, but it can be delayed by introducing certain lifestyle changes, such as keeping physically fit, which requires regular physical exercise, regular activities, controlled diet, and most essentially, keeping a positive thinking and attitude in life.[1] Cooper in one of his articles (1967) suggested that self-esteem is a positive or negative value assigned by a person, and what she is and what she does.[2] According to Hunter (1982), there was no difference with respect to age, education, income or living arrangement, amongst the

elderly with either low or high self-esteem. However, elders with low self-esteem, suffered from poor health, more pain and higher disability. The low self-esteem elders had significantly higher scores on depression, anxiety, somatization and more external locus of control orientation both with and without health variables controlled. Aging of a person causes several difficulties to the individual along with the other people associated with them. Mental ability of a person becomes weak and ailing, which makes it difficult for them to stay in a happy state of mind. Along with this, they also have to endure economic difficulties, family troubles, regional and housing hardships that can lead to mental adjustments.[3] A total of 213 elderly patients (60 years and above), attending the outreach clinics, were interviewed using a pretested schedule,

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Integrating Nursing Theory into Practice: Orem Self-Care Deficit Theory Sibin Joy Vayalil* Lourdes College of Nursing, Kerala University of Health Science, Cochin, Kerala, India

Abstract Nurses base their practice on their experience, intuition or the way they have been taught. Such approaches lead to role and stereotypical practice. The knowledge for the science of nursing can be provided through testable theories. Theory provides professional autonomy by guiding the practice, education and research functions of the profession. Orem’s general theory is composed of three interrelated theories which include: (1) the theory of self-care (describes and explains self-care), (2) the theory of self-care deficit (describes and explains why people can be helped through nursing and (3) the theory of nursing systems (describes and explains relationships that must be brought about and maintained for nursing to be produced). This paper elaborates the utilization of Orem’s self-care deficit theory into clinical practice. Keywords: nursing systems, Orem’s general theory, self-care, self-care deficit

INTRODUCTION One of the most controversial and enduring problems in nursing is the poor clinical observation and least integration of theoretical concepts into clinical practice. When nurses use theory and theory-based evidence to structure their practice, it improves the quality of practice.[1] The application of nursing theories into clinical practice varies from context to context. Orem’s model focuses on each individual’s ability to perform self-care. In Orem’s model, the goal of nursing is to help people meet their own therapeutic self-care demands.[2] LITERATURE REVIEW Credentials of the Theorist Dorethea E. Orem was born in 1914 at Baltimore, Maryland. She earned her diploma in nursing from providence Hospital School of Nursing (1930),

BBNEd. (1939) and MSN Ed. (1945) from Catholic University of America. She was awarded with Doctor of science (1976) from George Town University. Sad demise was in June 2007. Major Concepts of the Theory Three theories (1980) (I) The theory of self-care (II) The theory of self-care deficit (III) The theory of nursing systems (I) The theory of self-care The theory of self-care has four components; self-care, self-care requisite, self-care agency and self-care demand. Self-care is learned, goal oriented activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health and well-being.[2,3] Self-care requisites are expressions of purposes to be attained, result desired from

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Article Writing and Plagiarism in Nursing Field - An Idea of Someone Else! Kalaiselvi Savier1, S. Vijayalakshmi2* 1

Madras Medical Mission College of Nursing, Madras, India Vignesh Nursing College, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract Nursing expert publishes various research or review articles in different journals so as to let other nurses get a view of what all is happening in different nursing fields. Many people would like to learn good things from others. However, sometimes, other’s knowledge, ideas, thoughts, images, etc. are taken without their acknowledgement, which is known as plagiarism. Plagiarism is otherwise also called as theft or steal. The important purpose of checking plagiarism is to value others’ knowledge, standardize the writing skill and increase critical thinking in writing. The types of plagiarism are sources not cited and sources cited. The main classifications are intentional and unintentional. Although the guidelines of the plagiarism to be followed where the researchers are writing any articles or referring any sources, the citation, acknowledgement and references are important points to be practiced when writing any research content or article. Copyright law must be always remembered to avoid illegal writing of articles and research. “PQRS’’ strategies are also very helpful in writing an article and referring any resources. Since nursing researchers are viewing other’s resources to write a paper, they should keep these guidelines in mind before presenting or submitting any paper. Remember, whether it is intentional or not, plagiarism is wrong and should be avoided. Keywords: articles, content and knowledge, ideas, thought, nursing

INTRODUCTION If you steal from one author it is plagiarism; if you steal from many it is research – Wilson Mizner. Many people would like to learn good things from others. The knowledge and practice must be go halves into others but person’s permission to be required because experienced persons are becoming experts in their fields by performing hard work, effort, interest and practice. It might be lay hold of, year to year on their competent level, but sometimes an interested learner will copy other’s resource without the consent of the author by seeing, listening,

watching and reading and using the resource as their own by liking themselves without acknowledging the person.[1–3] An expert’s knowledge, skill and practice could be found in different field and department of nursing, etc. The knowledge and information can be taken and benefited by anyone but the person must get consent from the ideal person by citing. However, sometimes

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