International Journal of Pediatric Nursing vol 2 issue 1

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International Journal of Pediatric Nursing International Journal of Pediatric Nursing is a peer reviewed Journal and focuses on recent advancements in child health care and considers articles on all aspects of children and adolescents health care. It is intended to encompass the needs of a child as a whole with respect to physiologic, emotional, mental and social structure.

Focus and Scope of the Journal ! Child health ! General Pediatric Medicine and Surgery ! Early Child hood Development and care ! Neonatology ! Molecular Genetics ! Behavior and Development ! Nutrition, Diet and Physical Health ! Congenital Disorders ! Vaccination ! Sociological, Mental and Emotional Child health needs ! Public Health and Health care

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Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Ramesh Kumari College of nursing, Amritsar, India

Dr. Sushma Kumari Saini National Institute of Nursing Education, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.

Dr. Smriti Arora Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.

Dr. E. Sinu Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.

Dr. Aman Moda P.M.N.M. Dental College & Hospital, Bagalkot, India

Mrs.Urmila D Bhardwaj Hamdard University, Delhi, India.

Dr. A. Judie, SRM College of Nursing SRM University, Tamil Nadu, India

Stella Sagaya Mary Matha college of Nursing, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sibin Joy Vayalil Lourdes College of Nursing, Kerala, India

Dr. Asha P. Shetty Yenepoya Nursing College , Yenepoya University, India.

Dr. Sukhwinder Kaur National Institute of Nursing Education PGIMER, India.

Dr. H C L Rawat University College of Nursing, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Punjab, India.

Achla Dagdu Gaikwad NIMHANS, Bangalore, India

Khushbu U Solanki Nootan College of Nursing, Gujarat, India

Beryl Juliet V. S., College of Nursing, SRIPMS, Coimbatore, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the Second Volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Pediatric Nursing. This journal is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present nursing issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Pediatric Nursing as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Nursing Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area.

The core vision of International journal of Pediatric Nursing in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Plant Nursing in general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully.

International Journal of Pediatric Nursing focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Child health, General Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Early Child hood Development and care, Neonatology, Behavior and Development, Nutrition, Diet and Physical Health, Congenital Disorders, Vaccination, Sociological, Mental and Emotional Child health needs, Public Health and Health care.

The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Nursing and solutions in the area.

Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Nursing community.

We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Nursing.

This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Nursing readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Nursing.

Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Effect of Topical Breast Milk Application on Umbilical Cord Healing Among Newborns B.S. Arya Chandran, C.V. Kavitha

1

2. To Assess the Knowledge of High School Teachers Regarding Swine Flu, Its Transmission and Its Prevention Among High School Students at Ghataprabha With a View to Prepare Information Booklet Sangeeta Mahesh Satwekar

7

3. Research Brief High Risk Behavior among Adolescent Boys: A Matter of Serious Concern S. Mathew, S.K. Saini, J.S. Thakur

12

4. Effect of Oral Motor Stimulation on Drooling Among Children with Cerebral Palsy at Selected Centres in Coimbatore M.P. Rekha, V.S. Beryl Juliet

17

5. Nutritional Status of Children below 10 Years of Age in Bhutramatti Village – A Cross Sectional Study Shivarajkumar R. Dandagi

28

International Journal of Pediatric Nursing ISSN: 2455–6343 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Effect of Topical Breast Milk Application on Umbilical Cord Healing Among Newborns B.S. Arya Chandran1*, C.V. Kavitha2 1

Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital School of Health Sciences, Allahabad, UP, India Department of Pediatric Nursing, Saraswathy College of Nursing, Trivandrum, India

2

Abstract Care of umbilical cord is important to prevent the occurrence of infection during the neonatal period. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of topical breast milk application on umbilical cord healing among newborns. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of topical breast milk application on umbilical cord healing among newborns.

Quasi experimental, posttest, only control group design was used for the study. 60 subjects were selected by convenient sampling. Umbilical cord of both experimental and control group were assessed daily from the date of birth till seven days. Three tools were used: a socio demographic performa to obtain basic details, assessment of physiological parameter of newborn (temperature), and modified cord rating scale with a maximum score of 10 and minimum score of zero, to assess umbilical cord healing. Two drops of breast milk was directly instilled from the mother’s breast on to the umbilical cord two times a day (in morning and evening) just before lactation (foremilk), within 6 hours after delivery and was continued for seven days in experimental group and conventional care was provided to the other group. Mann–Whitney U-test was done to assess the effectiveness of topical breast milk application on umbilical cord, the infection were 0, 5.67, 7.47, 7.11, 6.14, 3.83 on days one, two, three, four, five, and six. The study results revealed that there was a high statistical significant difference in umbilical cord healing and prevention of infection between the experimental group and control group, significant at 0.01 level. Thus it can be concluded that application of breast milk on umbilical cord helps in early cord healing and prevents infection of the umbilical cord.

Keywords: assess, effect, healing, modified cord rating scale, newborns, topical breast milk

INTRODUCTION Newborn “A sweet new blossom of humanity” – Melina Roberts (2013).[1] Newborn refers to a baby from birth to 28 days.[2] During the prenatal period, the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta are connected by the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis). The umbilical cord is a part of fetus with two arteries and one vein, covered by Wharton’s jelly. The umbilical veins supplies oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus and umbilical arteries carry

IJPN (2016) 1–6 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved

deoxygenated blood back from fetus to placenta.[3] The umbilical cord is formed from the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion). It is about 53cm in length at term and about 2 cm thick.[3] After birth baby is separated from the mother by cutting the umbilical cord.[4] The walls of the umbilical cord arteries are lined with smooth muscle. Constriction of

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International Journal of Pediatric Nursing ISSN: 2455–6343 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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To Assess the Knowledge of High School Teachers Regarding Swine Flu, Its Transmission and Its Prevention Among High School Students at Ghataprabha With a View to Prepare Information Booklet Sangeeta Mahesh Satwekar* Department of Pediatrics, College Of Nursing, Wanless Hospital, Miraj Medical Centre, Miraj, Maharashtra, India

Abstract A child is a unique individual whose childhood is vital period as children are vulnerable to disease, death & disabilities. Environment plays very great role as determinant of infant & childhood mortality & morbidity. Now a days new sicknesses are arising which are life threatening & out of these recently observed dreadful viral infection is Swine flu. The awareness about swine flu will keep each and every student to help them to protect from this life threatening disease. Teacher is a key person in a school and he/she can help students to prevent themselves and others as school is a natural channel through which the health of the community can be improved. Total of 50 high school teachers were selected by purposive sampling from Ghataprabha, Karnataka in 2011. Knowledge questioner was used for data collection. Results demonstrated that majority of the respondents i.e. 56%, had average knowledge, 32% had poor knowledge and only 04% & 08% had very good & good knowledge respectively. Researcher found no association between the knowledge scores of high school teachers with selected demographic variables. Information booklet was provided to all the samples which contained adequate information regarding swine flu, its transmission & prevention that shall be beneficial to not only the present batches but also forth coming batches of students.

Keywords: high school children, prevention, swine flu, transmission

INTRODUCTION The future of India lies in hands of our youth. Health is an essential factor for happy & content life. Children are major consumers of health care and the wealth of tomorrow. A child is a unique individual whose childhood is vital period as children are vulnerable to disease, death & disabilities. Environment plays very great role as determinant of infant and childhood mortality and morbidity. Now a day’s new sicknesses are arising which are life threatening & out of these recently observed dreadful viral infection is Swine flu. As parents and teachers know, children have a way of picking up colds IJPN (2016) 7–11 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved

and other illnesses at school. As the number of swine flu (H1N1 Flu Outbreak) cases increases in the India, it becomes even more important to teach kids how to stay healthy. As swine flu is transmitted from person to person, primarily through large respiratory droplets contact with contaminated surface is also another possible source of transmission of virus.

According to statistics about 4230 confirmed children were found in Maharashtra out of which 240 deaths were

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International Journal of Pediatric Nursing ISSN: 2455–6343 (Online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Research Brief High Risk Behavior among Adolescent Boys: A Matter of Serious Concern S. Mathew1*, S.K. Saini2, J.S. Thakur3

1

Bee Enn College of Nursing, Chak Bhalwal, Jammu, J&K, India 2 NINE, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India 3 School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

Abstract Objective: To assess the high risk behavior among adolescent boys (15–19 years) in the resettled colony of Chandigarh. Methods: Cross-sectional study was done to interview 301 study subjects. Systematic random sampling has been used in this study. Results: Adolescent boys were abusing alcohol (27.2%), cigarette (11%), cannabis and other drugs (6.6%). More than half of the adolescent boys had a good knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases (59%). Only one-third of adolescent boys used 100% protection by using condom when they had sex (n=50). Conclusion: The study shows the need for education among adolescent boys regarding high risk behavior and its effects on health. Also, it suggests screening and counseling for the adolescents in their community.

Keywords: adolescent behavior, risk behavior

INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a time of opportunity, but also the time of risks. The term “adolescent,” as defined by World Health Organization, includes a person aged 10– 19 years. Many adolescents face health threats resulting from substance use, sexual and reproductive health problems.[1] Among substance abuse, cigarette smoking is considered as a “pediatric disease”. It begins and progresses to nicotine addiction so early in life and the social network with smokers increases the likelihood and regularity of smoking.[2] Adolescent alcohol use commonly occurs with other reckless behaviors, such as tobacco and illicit drug use and unsafe sexual activities.

Adolescents who engage in substance use are more likely to initiate sexual activity early.[3] Moreover, sexual activity during adolescence puts them at danger of sexual and reproductive health problems.[4] An early investigation about the high risk

behavior of adolescents and timely intervention will probably prevent progression into serious problems.

Therefore, a study was undertaken to assess the high risk behavior among adolescent boys (15–19 years) in the resettled colony of Chandigarh. The study was approved by Institute Ethical committee, PGIMER, Chandigarh.

METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescent boys aged 15–19 years at Dadu Majra Colony, Chandigarh.

Inclusion Criteria (a) Adolescent boys (15–19 years) identified and registered during the survey. (b) Adolescent boys (15–19 years) those who could devote time and wished to (b)

IJPN (2016) 12–16 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved

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International Journal of Pediatric Nursing ISSN: 2455–6343(Online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Effect of Oral Motor Stimulation on Drooling Among Children with Cerebral Palsy at Selected Centres in Coimbatore M.P. Rekha, V.S. Beryl Juliet* Department of Pediatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract An interventional study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of oral motor stimulation on drooling among children with cerebral palsy at Amrit centre for special needs and Women Volunteer Service (WVS) special school, Coimbatore. Pre-experimental one group pre-test– post-test design was used to conduct the study. Purposive samples of 25 children with cerebral palsy who have drooling were included in this study. Pre-assessment was done by using drooling quotient scale for children with cerebral palsy. Oral motor stimulation was administered to the children by the researcher for duration of 20 minutes daily for a period of 4 weeks to each child in a comfortable environment. The post-test was done using the same tool at the end of the intervention. The obtained data were analysed using paired ‘t’ test. It was identified that the mean drooling quotient before and after oral motor stimulation was 83.55 and 72.05 with a standard deviation of 4.46 and 7.41, respectively. The calculated ‘t’ value was 7.69. The result revealed that, there was a significant reduction in drooling after the implementation of oral motor stimulation. Hence, it was concluded that oral motor stimulation was effective in reducing drooling among children with cerebral palsy.

Keywords: cerebral palsy, drooling, oral motor stimulation

INTRODUCTION Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term covering a group of non-progressive, but often changing, motor impairment syndromes secondary to lesions or anomalies of the brain arising in the early stages of development.[1] CP is a nonprogressive neurological disorder of children. Most of the children have multiple neurological deficits and variable mental handicap. There are three main classification of CP. They are, spastic, ataxic and athetoid or diskinetic.

Additionally there is a mixed type that shows combination of features of other types. These classifications also reflect the areas of brain that are damaged (Ganesh, 2012).

CP describes a group of disorders of the development of movement and posture,

causing activity limitation that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing foetal or infant brain (Bax et al, 2004). The main causes of CP are due to damage occurring to the developing brain. This damage can occur during pregnancy, delivery, the first month of life or less commonly in early childhood. Other causes are prematurity, low birth weight, breathing meconium into the lungs and genetic problems.[2] Drooling (Sialorrhea) is the unintentional loss of saliva from the mouth. It is a normal phenomenon of infancy that subsides usually by 15–18 months as a

IJPN (2016) 17-27 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved

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International Journal of Pediatric Nursing ISSN: 2455–6343(Online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Nutritional Status of Children below 10 Years of Age in Bhutramatti Village – A Cross Sectional Study Shivarajkumar R. Dandagi* Department of Community Health Nursing, KLE University Institute of Nursing Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

Abstract Growth Monitoring is a screening tool to diagnose nutritional status at an early stage. A descriptive study was carried out to rule out nutritional status among children below the age of years and to identify children with growth deviation. The research study was conducted in Bhutramatti Village, Belagavi. Samples selected included school children below the age of 10 years who were selected using convenient sampling technique. The tool used or data collection was ICMR Growth & Development chart. Results showed that out of 100 children surveyed, 44 (44%) were well nourished in which 17 were boys and 27 were girls. Majority 56 (56%) were undernourished among which 25 were boys and 31 were girls. These findings were ruled out by comparing the actual measurements (Height & Weight) with the ICMR Growth standards.

Keywords: anthropometric measurements, children, nutritional status

INTRODUCTION Don’t Go through Life, Grow through Life…..

Anthropometric assessment is an easy way to assess the nutritional status of the children. It acts as the most important screening test especially in developing countries of the world, where malnutrition is widely predominant and the resources are very limited.[1] Measurements of height and weight are still the simplest and one of the reliable means by which the growth and development of a normal child is assessed and gross abnormalities identified even when no other clinical symptom of illness is detected. Primary school children are a crucial section of the child population, as they constitute the first institutionalized group that can be approached for health, nutritional and educational interventions with ease. The rate of growth of children varies with the environment in which they live.[1] The

World Health Organization (WHO) published the Child Growth Standard for infants and children up to the age of 5 years based on a multi-country study (Brazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman and USA) on growth of healthy breast-fed children under optimal conditions in April 2006.[2] The three main indicators used to define under nutrition are underweight, stunting, and wasting. This usually occurs primarily in the first 2–3 years of life, linear growth retardation (stunting) is associated with continuous exposure to poor economic conditions, poor sanitation, and the interactive effects of poor energy and nutrient intakes and infection. Low weight-for-age indicates a history of poor health or nutritional insult to the child, including recurrent illness and/or

IJPN (2016) 28-30 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved

Page 28

6 1 20 mit icle b rt u S A r u Yo

e-ISSN : 2455–6343 Applied Mechanics

Mechanical Engineering

5 more...

International Journal of

Pediatric Nursing

Chemical Engineering

IJPN 5 more...

1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture

2 more...

2 more...

Computer Science and Engineering

Electrical Engineering

5 more...

Nursing « « « « «

JAN – JUNE 2016

4 more...

Material Sciences and Engineering

International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing 4 more...

5 more...

Biotechnology

Chemistry

3 more...

Nanotechnology

3 more...

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

www.journalspub.com