International journal of Water Resources Engineering vol 2 issue 1

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International Journal of Water Resources Engineering International Journal of Water Resources Engineering is a peer-reviewed journal that emphasize on hydropower engineering, hydrodynamics, water conservation, river restoration and other major water resource engineering disciplines. Journal publishes both original research articles and high impact comprehensive review articles of the field.

Focus and Scope of the Journal !

Hydrology and hydraulic engineering

! Hydropower engineering ! Hydrodynamics and hydrometeorology ! Water conservation ! River restoration ! Storm water management and flood protection ! Groundwater protection and utilization ! Rural water management ! Geographical information systems ! Water quality and conservation

International Journals of Water Resources Engineering is published twice a year (bi-annual) by JournalsPub an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd., India. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication.

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PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager Hidam Renubala

Commissioning Editors Ankita Singh

Priyanka Garg

Akanksha Marwah

Chhavi Goel

Deepika Bhadauria

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Prof. A. F. M. Saiful Amin Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering And Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dr. Rahisuddin Ahmed Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

Dr. Sohail Ayub Department Of Civil Engineering, Z. H. College, Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh), India

Dr. Mujahid Faiyaz Hussain Shram Sadhna Trust's College of Engineering and Technology, Bambhori, Jalgaon, India

Dr. Dalchand Jhariya Department of Applied Geology National Institute of Technology, Raipur (Chhattisgarh), India

Dr. Siby John Department of Civil Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India

Dr. Tarun Kumar Lohani Department of Civil Engineering, Orissa Engineering College, Bhubaneswar, India

Dr. M. V. Molykutty Department of Civil Engineering, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai, India

Dr. Sohail Ayub Civil Engineering Department, Z. H. College, Faculty of Engg. & Technology, India

Sonal Jain Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, India

Dr Akshey Bhargava Professor, Global Institute Of Engineering and Technology, A.P, India,

Prerna Sharma Assistant Professor, Department of Basic and Applied Science, School of Engineering, G D Goenka University, India

Amandip Singh Assistant Professor, Dept. of Research and Planning, Xavier Institute of Social Service, Ranchi, India

Manjeet Singh Research Engineer, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Gobinath Ravindran Department of Civil Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Tirupur (Tamil Nadu), India

Amarsinh Babanrao Landage Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering Department,Govt. College of Engineering, Karad Tal. Karad, Dist. Satara, Mahrashtra, India

From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Water Resources Engineering. This journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Water Resources Engineering from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Water Resources Engineering as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area.

The core vision of International Journal of Water Resources Engineering in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Concrete Technology in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully.

International Journal of Water Resources Engineering focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Hydrology and hydraulic engineering, Hydropower engineering, Hydrodynamics and hydrometeorology, Water conservation, River restoration, Storm water management and flood protection, Groundwater protection and utilization, Rural water management, etc.

The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Water Resources Engineering and solutions in the area.

Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Water Resources Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the field of Water Resources Engineering.

This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorial staff of Journals Pub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Water Resources Engineering.

Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director

Contents 1. Short Communication: Water resources Management Ankita Singh

1

2. Water Pollution—General Aspects with Special Reference to Effluent Reclamation and Reuse Akshey Bhargava

3

3. Review article: Worthwhile Safeguard of Soil in India – A Need for Future Juveniles Ankita Singh

12

4. Experimental Study and Determination of Water Quality Index of Daya River Tarun Kumar Lohani and Kamal Kishore Agrawal

16

5. Installation of a Small Scale Rain Water Harvesting System Tarun Kumar Lohani, Sharmisthabala Prusty, Sankalp Raj, Sanjay Kumar Mansingh

25

International Journal of Water Resources Engineering ISSN: 2456-1606 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Short Communication: Water Resources Management Ankita Singh Department of biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India

Water a boon to life. In India water resources need to be measured for our future generation. Since ago water is an issue for its management. Various efforts can be made by government to improve the resources of water and conserve it for future. Three Rs – reduce, reuse and recycle, these Rs are very important to be incorporated by us to help the government, to help ourselves and to help the coming generation.

Water management can be improve by (1) Sustainable water management practices (2) Rain water harvesting (3) Conserve water bodies like rivers, oceans, etc.

(4) E-waste management recycling (5) Sewage management (6) Batteries recycling (7) Waste water treatment and recycling

The above mentioned management system are old and almost tried by all. By this short communication I would like highlight one different in-house method by which water can be managed is Indoor Biosphere Farm. This method was came in 2010 but not used by all in India; other countries working/implemented on this.

IJWR (2016) 1–2 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved

Indoor biosphere farm explores growing at least part of your daily food inside your house. This indoor biosphere home farm contains fish, algae, plants and other miniecosystems, all interdependent at each other and in balance with each other.

Making families all over the world at least partly self-sufficient in this way has obvious appeal (http://www.newscenter.philips.com/main/ design/about/design/designnews/pressrelea ses/shanghai_world_expo.wpd#.VyHOrN R97IU).

This method requires light, soil, humidity, and temperature. This is different from the greenhouse conditions because natural sunlight is excluded. This method requires LED bulbs as well. Moreover, the indoor farming does not need pesticides, and requires about 90% less water than outdoor agriculture.

Courtesy: Wikipedia Unlike other nurseries and normal life system, this system incorporates a methane digester than produces heat and gas to power lights, algae produces hydrogen and the root plants produces oxygen, which is

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International Journal of Water Resources Engineering ISSN: 2456-1606 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Water Pollution—General Aspects With Special Reference to Effluent Reclamation and Reuse Akshey Bhargava* Department of Civil Engineering, Global Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India

Abstract Water is an essential commodity which has assumed greatest importance world over with the increase in domestic, industrial and agriculture demand. Some of the states in India are highly water scarce but most of them facing the significant problems of water pollution resulting into alarming propositions on both the fronts, namely, qualitative and quantitative.

The state of Rajasthan is highly water scarce and facing severe water pollution problems on account of Textile mills at Pali, Sanganer, Balotra, and Bhilwara whereas Kota, Alwar, and Udaipur are predominantly water polluting on account of fertilizers and chemical industries.

An effort has been made in the present paper to high light the importance and techniques of Effluent Reclamation and Reuse in the State of Rajasthan along with general aspects for better understanding of the problem of water pollution.

Keywords: effluent reclamation, effluent reuse, water pollution

BACKGROUND The problem of water pollution is growing on a time scale with an increase of industrial growth, urbanization and agriculture practices using pesticides and chemical fertilizers.

Such a problem assumes alarming dimensions where the availability of water is in scarcity particularly in the state of Rajasthan where majority of ground water blocks are either over exploited or fall under black or red zones.

There are many techniques or methods to treat the waste water but due high capital and recurring cost, an apprehension always exists about the successful running of the waste treatment plants and so also the safe disposals of effluents.

An effort has therefore ben made in the present paper to highlight the significance and appropriate techniques for effluent

reclamation and reuse along with brief description in respect of the conceptual, general and informative parameters of water pollution.

GENERAL ASPECTS OF WATER POLLUTION General aspects of water pollution have been briefly described in respect of the following attributes on an informative front:  Introduction of water  What is water pollution?  Sources of water pollution  Impurities in water  Water quality parameters  Classification of water pollutants  Safe drinking water characteristics  Sources and impacts of water impurities  Control of water pollution 

IJWRE (2016) 3–11 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved

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International Journal of Water Resources Engineering ISSN: 2456-1606 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Review Article: Worthwhile Safeguard of Soil in India – A Need for Future Juveniles Ankita Singh* Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida

Abstract Soil is a mixture formed by a porous matrix, which consists of air, water and biota and its severe degradation is a major concern that depends on several factors. Soil problems are due to diversity, water problems, distribution and specific vulnerability of soils. They also depend on geography, relief and climate. In India soil conditions are degraded and are even further worsen by human behavior. Soil is a major part for all the living beings to sustain their life on earth. India is a democratic country with various religions which are scattered in all over the country with different type of soils. Every soil has its own quality to ensure various life’s on earth. In the today’s life, we have already realized the fact of solving soil problems will help to solve other problems at the global and national levels. As soil has various users, consideration of soil has to be integrated at different levels. There is a need for soil assessment approaches and soil protection policies from local to national and global, sectors and other environmental issues and landscapes, urban, rural, mountain and coastal areas.

For the set-up of environmental and sectoral policies at the national and global level actions to be taken at all administrative levels, from land planning at the local and sub-national levels to ensure that our juvenile will be having healthy life ahead.

Keywords: green infrastructure, soil, soil degradation, sustainable soil

INTRODUCTION Soil and Its Types in India Six different types of soils found in India:[1] 1. Alluvial Soils: It is a most fertile soil in India which is formed by accumulated particles transferred by the rivers and oceans. Alluvial soil lacks humus and nitrogen, it is a finegrained fertile soil deposited in river beds or by water flowing over flood plains.

2. Laterite Soils: It is a kind of clayey rock or soil formed under high temperature and high rainfall.

Furthermore it converted into red colored soil with iron nodules. This soil is mostly infertile only plants like

tea, coffee, coconut, areca nut, etc. are grown in this soil.

These soils are found in South Maharashtra, the Western Ghats in Kerala and Karnataka, at places on the Eastern Ghats, in some parts of Assam, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and in West Bengal (particularly in Birbhum district).

Red Soils: This soil is red in color due to red oxides of iron; develop on granite and geneses rocks under low rainfall condition.

These soils are medium fertile and found mainly in almost whole of Tamil Nadu, South-eastern Karnataka, North-eastern and South-eastern Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand the major parts of Orissa,

IJGGE (2016) 12–15 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved

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International Journal of Water Resources Engineering ISSN: 2456-1606 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Experimental Study and Determination of Water Quality Index of Daya River Tarun Kumar Lohani*, Kamal Kishore Agrawal Department of Civil Engineering, Orissa Engineering College, Bhubaneswar, India

Abstract The present study on spatio-temporal variation and water quality evaluation in river Daya was carried out along its course in nearby Bhubaneswar city of Odisha along the east coast of India, to evaluate the pollution status and variation in physico-chemical parameters of water at eleven different sites. Taking note on the degradation of water quality in Daya river, research was under taken to study the Water Quality index as per National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF WQI). Nine parameters were studied and weight to each factor according to its importance in water quality was considered. Daya the lifeline of southern Bhubaneswar limits its quality as per water quality index and is assessed that the river water is not at all suitable for drinking purpose without conventional treatment and can be accepted as drinking source with strict conventional treatment followed by disinfection, if and only if no other alternative source is present. Water of this river is suitable for class D and class E uses as far as fish culture, wildlife propagation, irrigation, industrial cooling, etc. without treatment.

Keywords: Daya River, Odisha, water class, water quality index

INTRODUCTION Water quality monitoring is an integral part of the water resource management plans. Monitoring comprises all activities to obtain information with respect to the water system. Its scope is also related to the types of water use that is in stream use or abstractive use and nature of the source such as surface water (rivers, lake), ground water or seawater. The requirement for utilizing available water resources (surface and ground) in a judicious and equitable, as well as sound economic manner are outlined in the state water policy. The main sources of water in the state of Odisha are from the Bay of Bengal, from lakes and numerous major and minor rivers. With increasing population and the consequential increase in demand for food and water and with the growth in mining and industrial activity, the demand for

water from various sectors in next 20 years will have significant impact on per capita availability of water. The degradation in quality of water resources by direct and indirect human interference such as discharge of untreated/partially treated industrial and municipal waste water will limit the resource. India is heading towards a freshwater crisis mainly due to improper management of water resources and environmental degradation[1–14] whereas the water quality evaluation may be complicated practice in compound parameters causing numerous anxieties in general quality of water.[6,15–18] It is therefore, imperative to manage this resource as rationally and efficiently as possible to make it sustainable.

Interpretation of complex water quality

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International Journal of Water Resources Engineering ISSN: 2456-1606 (online) Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Installation of a Small Scale Rain Water Harvesting System Tarun Kumar Lohani*, Sharmisthabala Prusty, Sankalp Raj, Sanjay Kumar Mansingh Orissa Engineering College, Bhubaneswar, India

Abstract Roof top rain water harvesting is receiving an increased attention worldwide as an alternative source of water. The present study has been undertaken to assess the potential of roof top rain water harvesting technique from a part of the large auditorium constructed in Orissa Engineering College Campus who’s a small part has been used. Water collected on the roof has been diverted through the drainage path channelized through chlorinated poly vinyl chloride (CPVC) pipes fitted and dropped straight down to the inspection pits which ultimately travels by the action of gravity to an abandoned construction pit around 50 feet away. Proper care has been taken to keep the stored water clean, free from any dust or siltation so that the collected water can be again reused in construction, gardening and vehicle cleaning purposes.

Keywords: concrete tank, CPVC pipes, inspection chambers, rooftop rainwater harvesting systems

INTRODUCTION Rainfall is the prime source of water and if rain water is harvested, the scarcity of water can be eliminated altogether. In many places the quality of groundwater is not good. Some areas having quite even rainfall. This is because rainfall is recorded in places for short spells of high intensity. Due to this intensity and short duration of heavy rain, most of the rain falling on surface tends to flow away as surface runoff rapidly and leaving very little to recharge the ground. Therefore, it is necessary for users to collect and store rainwater. Rainwater harvesting through rooftops is an optimistic method of water conservation and Indian government has mounted this as a part of watershed management programme. Surface water is inadequate to meet our requirements hence we have to make use of ground water. Due to overuse of ground water, underground water level has been declining in such areas RWH is an ideal solution in near

future. Therefore, attempt has been made here to examine the present status of water requirement and proposed rooftop RWH potential at micro level [1] India has been notorious of being poor in its management of water resources. Majority of the population in the cities today are groundwater dependent. Sustainable use of water could maintain a balance between its demand and supply. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the most traditional and sustainable method, which could be easily used for potable and nonpotable purposes both in residential and commercial.[2] In spite of the municipal water supply, it is not surprising to find people using private tube wells to supplement their daily water needs. Unplanned drafting of groundwater has resulted: hydrological imbalance, deterioration in water quality and rise in energy requirements for pumping. And this is when rain water harvesting proves

IJWRE (2016) 25–37 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved

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6 1 20 mit icle b rt u S A r u Yo

e-ISSN: 2456-1606 Applied Mechanics

Mechanical Engineering

5 more...

Chemical Engineering

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1 more...

Civil Engineering

Architecture

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Computer Science and Engineering

Electrical Engineering

International Journal of

Water Resources Engineering

JAN - JUNE 2016 5 more...

Nursing « « « « «

IJWRE

4 more...

Material Sciences and Engineering

International Journal of Immunological Nursing International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing International Journal of Neurological Nursing International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing International Journal of Oncological Nursing 4 more...

5 more...

Biotechnology

Chemistry

3 more...

Nanotechnology

3 more...

Physics « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences

www.journalspub.com