Building Science & Services e-Portfolio by khooyunfan

Bachelor of Art (HONS) in Interior Architecture

Building Science & Services [BLD62304103247]

Assignment 1 :

Lighting and VAC Design for comfort Lecturer: Sharon Teh Ai Ping

Name : Ivan Khoo Yun Fan Student ID : 0344608

Table of Contents 1.0 Photo of Room Before Redesign -----------------------------------1 2.0 Direction of Light and Air Ventilation ----------------------------2 2.1Lux Light Study and Comparison at workspace 3.0 Lighting ------------------------------------------------------------------3-4 3.1 Key Differences Between LED and CFL Bulbs 3.2 Justification on New Lightings 4.0 Heat load calculation -------------------------------------------------5 5.0 Air-Conditioning -------------------------------------------------------6 5.1 Advantage of using Midea Air Conditioner 6.0 Fan ------------------------------------------------------------------------7 6.1 Advantage of using Xiaomi Mijia Tower Fan 7.0 Energy Consumption -------------------------------------------------8-10 8.0 Energy use calculation ----------------------------------------------11 9.0 Bill Of Quantities -----------------------------------------------------12 10.0 Perspective Views --------------------------------------------------13

1.0 Photo of Room Before Redesign

Figure 1.0.1 Point 1 View

Figure 1.0.2 Point 2 View

Figure 1.0.3 Point 3 View

Figure 1.0.4 Point 4 View

2.0 Direction of Light and Air Ventilation In this room, It is lack of lighting at the workspace but it is good for air ventilation. The balcony side provides good air ventilation to the interior room (Shown in Figure 2.0.1 ). But there is a problem when a room has a balcony. From 8am-5pm , the temperature is quite high and causes the problem of hot and stuffy. Although there is a ceiling fan , but due to it is an old ceiling fan , it is slow and it makes some noise that I feel annoying. There is airconditioning, but I quite less to use it because I want to save money. It is a commercial rate building so its electrical cost is higher than other landed houses. I used the ceiling fan more often than my air conditioning. At night , I’ll switch on my airconditioning sometimes ,but I can feel it is too cold and it is old because its case is yellowish. At night , I can feel my workspace is the lack of lighting, although there is a fluorescent downlight on top (Shown in Figure 2.0.2). To conclude it , my room is the lack of lighting at night and it is hot and stuffy environment in daylight.

Figure 2.0.1

Figure 2.0.2

2.1 Lux Light Study and Comparison at workspace In my study and research online, the average of Lux in bedroom for general used is 100-300lux and for task used it is better to get 500 lux. ( Shown in Table 2.1.1)

Table 2.1.1

In Figure 2.1.2, it shows that the lux light in my workspace when I switch on my downlight in night.

In Figure 2.1.3, it shows that the lux light in my workspace when I open my curtain in daylight. Average Lux value: 842

Average Lux value: 37 Figure 2.1.2

Figure 2.1.3

Above the comparison of lux light in the same place , we can know that my room is lack of lighting and the value of 37 lux is below than the research that I’ve found and value of 842 lux is above a lot than the standard value of 500 lux. So, it is necessary to increase the number of lightings in this room .It is not only for comfort but also a healthy environment.

3.0 LIGHTING I proposed to change the lighting in the bedroom as it previously using Circline Fluorescent Tube Light Bulb powered by 32 watt to Led Downlight. There are many benefits of led lightings compare to CFL lightings. Table 3.0.1

ASPECTS

TYPES

(OLD) Fluorescent

(NEW) LED

INPUT WATT (W)

COLOR TEMPERATURE (K)

6500

4000

LIFESPAN

10,000 to 15,000 hours

25,000–35,000 hours

In my Lux light study before, my room is the lack of lightings and it should add more lightings there and different types of lightings. I will choose the LED lightings instead of the old Fluorescent light bulb. Although there are two fluorescent light bulb downlight on the ceiling , but the Lux value still not bright enough. Especially when I was doing my task at my workspace, the light doesn’t light up my workspace enough and make my eyes really feel tried when I was at my workspace. The other reason that make me choose LED lightings is the input wattage of both of them. Led lighting consume less energy compare with the Fluorescent lighting, it can be said that LED lighting can save the electricity cost.

3.1 Key Differences Between LED and CFL Bulbs 1) The LED bulb stands for Light Emitting Diode, and CFL stands for Compact Fluorescent Light. 2) LED bulbs are more energy efficient than CFLs. 3) The LED bulb consumes less electricity than its counterpart CFL 75% a year in energy cost. 4) The life of a LED bulb is usually up to 50000 hours or more while the life of a CFL bulb is up to 8000 hours. 5) The LED bulb is expensive than a CFL bulb. 6) The primary difference between them is LED bulbs are durable and long lasting as compared to the CFLs. 7) The size of LED bulb is usually smaller than a CFL bulb. 8) The LED bulb, when lighten up remains cool, whereas the CFL bulb gets heated up quickly.

3.2 Justification on New Lightings Track light This track light is chosen as my workspace main ceiling lighting as the old fluorescent light is too dark and doesn’t well light up my workspace . I will install 3 track lights so can full cover the workspace and it is flexible to adjust the angle of light.

Table Lamp This lamp is chosen as my table lamp that could provide the light direction from front side and focusing light up my study desk area. It can complement the area that did not light up by ceiling downlight.

Swing Arm Floor Standing Lamp This lamp is chosen as my study lamp. I have a habit that sometimes I will study and watching my phone while I’m sitting at my bedside and it can be switched on while the other ceiling light is switched off.

LEDVANCE LED Downlight This lamp is chosen as my balcony lighting. Compared with the old fluorescent tube light , this light provides much brighter light but also lower energy consumption. Besides, It is also waterproof lighting that can prevent rainwater damage the lighting.

YET EB952 LED Downlight This lamp is chosen as my bed light that provide lights while I’m doing other stuffs on the bed. I will install two of these downlights to provide enough light on my bed area. The Direction of this downlight is adjustable.

Bedside LED light Strip This lamp is chosen as my bedside light. It is a motion sensor light. During late night environment, it will be automatically switch on when people getting out of bed and it will be delayed 30 seconds - 5 minutes to turn off.

4.0 HEAT LOAD CALCULATION (OLD) Total heat calculation ( Btu/hr ) : 1) Measure your room or space area ( width x length ).Use a metric unit for measurement ( meter ).Multiply with 700 to get in Btu/hr • Room area = 4 meter x 3 meter = 12 m2 • Btu/hr = 12 x 700 = 8400 Btu/hr

2) Estimate occupant for this room. Multiply with 500 to get in Btu/hr • 1 peoples x 500 = 500 Btu/hr 3) Estimate the heat from electrical equipment .Refer wattage for equipment and multiply with 3.5 • Hair dryer = 100 watt, Computer : 200 watt, lighting : 64 watt,ceiling fan:49.25watt ; Total : 413.25watt • so 413.25 watt x 3.5 = 1446.375 Btu/hr 4) Total Btu/hr =8,400 Btu/hr + 500 Btu/hr + 1446.375 Btu/hr = 10346.375 Btu/hr 5) To get air-conditioner sizing, we must divide Total heat ( Btu/hr) with 9800 Btu/hr • 10346.375 / 9800 = 1.056 hp 6) From this answer we can estimate to choose a 1 Hp of air-conditioner for this room.

My room has a 1.5HP air conditioner , but in my head load calculation of remaining older electrical equipment, the result of calculation shows that 1.0hp is enough for this room.

4.1 HEAT LOAD CALCULATION (NEW) Total heat calculation ( Btu/hr ) : 1) Measure your room or space area ( width x length ).Use a metric unit for measurement ( meter ).Multiply with 700 to get in Btu/hr • Room area = 4 meter x 3 meter = 12 m2 • Btu/hr = 12 x 700 = 8400 Btu/hr 2) Estimate occupant for this room. multiply with 500 to get in Btu/hr

• 1 peoples x 500 = 500 Btu/hr 3) Estimate the heat from electrical equipment. Refer wattage for equipment and multiply with 3.5 • Hair dryer = 100 watt, Computer : 200 watt, lighting : 67 watt, ceiling fan:22watt ; Total : 389 watt • so 389 watt x 3.5 = 1361.5 Btu/hr 4) Total Btu/hr= 8,400 Btu/hr + 500 Btu/hr + 1361.5 Btu/hr = 10261.5 Btu/hr 5) To get air-conditioner sizing, we must divide Total heat ( Btu/hr) with 9800 Btu/hr • 10261.5 / 9800 = 1.047 hp 6) From this answer we can estimate to choose a 1 Hp of air-conditioner for our room.

After adding the wattage of new lightings into the calculation, it shows that 1.0HP is enough for the room . Although adding more lightings in the room , the calculation shows that 1.047HP is lower than the old heat load calculation of 1.056HP .

5.0 Air-Conditioning I proposed to change the air-conditioning in the bedroom as it previously using Koolman 1.5HP Split Type Air Conditioner R22 powered by 1230 watt to Midea 1.0 HP Air Conditioner R32. Table 5.0.1

ASPECTS

MODEL

(OLD) KOOLMAN (KW-132FAO)

(NEW) MIDEA (MSAF-10CRDN8)

HORSE POWER (HP)

1.5

1.0

COOLING CAPACITY (Btu/h)

13000

10000

5.6

3.28

1230

772

R22

R32

OPERATING CURRENT (A) INPUT WATT (W) ENERGY EFFICIENCY STAR RATING REFRIGERANT

From the table above, the cooling capacity of the new chosen air conditioner (10000Btu/h) is higher than the recommended aircond cooling capacity (9800Btu/h) as it can reduce the heat gain in the room. In the previous heat load calculation , we can know that 1.0 hp air conditioner is enough for this room. Lower horsepower also means that lower energy consumption and saving electricity cost. In the comparison of energy efficiency star rating, it is obviously Midea is much more efficiency than Koolman. Not only the reason of saving energy cost , but also for the eco-friendly reason. R32 is a next generation refrigerant that efficiently carries heat and has lower environmental impact. The Midea air-conditioner that using R32 is that it can reduce electricity comsumption to approximately 10% compared to others using R22. Plus the potential refrigerating effect of R32 is 1.5 times higher than R22.

5.1 Advantage of using Midea Air Conditioner

R32 Refrigerant R32 is a refrigerant of better energy efficiency ,low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).

Dual Purification System The Dual Filters of Midea air conditioner protect us from harmful particles to make us live a healthy life.

Automatic Self-Cleaning The cooling coil are cleaned and dried automatically to ensure your breathe in fresh air all the time and extend the life of the air conditioner.

App Remote Control Control the air conditioner and set timers easily through the app.

6.0 Fan I proposed to change the fan in the bedroom as it previously using KDK K14X2 56" Inches 3 Blades Ceiling Fan powered by 49.25 watt (Average wattage) to Xiaomi Mijia BPTS01DM Bladeless Tower Fan. Table 6.0.1

ASPECTS

MODEL

(OLD) KDK (K14X2)

(NEW) Xiaomi Mijia (BPTS01DM)

FAN TYPE

CEILING FAN

TOWER FAN

NUMBER OF BLADES

MOTOR TYPE

NOISE LEVEL (dB)

34.6

RATED POWER (W)

33.5-65

FAN FEATURES

Remote control , Timer, Variable Speed Settings.

Remote control, Wifi Connected , Bladeless, Variable Speed Settings , Silent Mode.

There is a lot of benefits to change the ceiling fan to a tower fan in this room. First , using a tower fan in my room can save the ceiling space to install the track lights. I can move the tower fan facing any directions and it is convenient for me. Besides, comparison of both rated power shows that Xiaomi Mijia tower fan is much lower, this means that it will consume less energy , so can reduce the electricity cost. The most important for me is the noise level. The comparison of the noise level shows that Xiaomi Mijia tower fan has the lower noise level. Also because the ceiling fan in my room is quite old and it make noise that really annoying everyday.

6.1 Advantage of using Xiaomi Mijia Tower Fan

DC Frequency Conversion motor Gentle and natural wind, low noise operation and supporting the supply of 3-dimensional air.

150° Super Wide-Angle Stereo Air Supply Quickly cool down and accelerate air flow. It is much more flexible than ceiling fans.

Smart Control Supports intelligent control via voice, and app on smartphones, links to smart home devices.

3 Steps Quick Disassembly & Washing Clean air supply and safer to use.

7.0 Energy Consumption (OLD) T9 Circline Fluorescent Tube Light Bulb Bright White Quantity : 2 Watt : 32W Daily time use : 14 Hours Daily energy consume : 14x 32x2= 896w/day *Color temperature : 6500k

KDK K14X2 56" Inches 3 Blades AC Motor Ceiling Fan

Quantity : 1 Watt : 33.5 – 65w ,Average watt : 49.25w Daily time use : 23 Hours Daily energy consume : 23x 49.25 = 1,132.75w/day

Koolman 1.5HP Split Type Air-Conditioner Quantity : 1 Watt : 1230w Daily time use : 1 Hour Daily energy consume : 1 x 1230 = 1230w/day *Cooling capacity : 13000 Btu/h

*Refrigerant :R22

T8 Linear Fluorescent Tube Light Ceiling Downlight Quantity : 1 Watt : 22W Daily time use : 0.5 Hours Daily energy consume : 22x0.5= 11w/day *Color temperature : 6500k

7.1 Energy Consumption (NEW) Track light Quantity : 3 Watt : 7W Daily time use : 8 Hours Daily energy consume : 7x 8x 3 =168 w/day *Color temperature : 4000k

Table Lamp Quantity : 1 Watt : 7w Daily time use : 2 Hours Daily energy consume : 7x 2 =14w/day

Swing Arm Floor Standing Lamp Quantity : 1 Watt : 5W

Daily time use : 1 Hour Color temperature : 4000k Daily energy consume : 5x 1 = 5 w/day

LEDVANCE Waterproof LED Downlight Quantity : 1 Watt : 15w Daily time use : 0.5Hours Daily energy consume : 15 x 0.5 = 7.5 w/day *Color temperature : 6500k

7.1 Energy Consumption (NEW) YET EB952 LED Downlight Quantity : 2 Watt : 7W Daily time use : 10 Hours Daily energy consume : 7x 10 =70w/day *Color temperature : 4000k

Bedside LED light Strip Quantity : 1 Watt : 15W Daily time use : 0.5 Hours

Daily energy consume : 15x 0.5 = 7w/day *Color temperature : 3000k

Xiaomi Mijia Bladeless Tower Fan BPTS01DM Quantity : 1 Watt : 22w Daily time use : 23 Hours Daily energy consume : 23x 22 = 506 w/day

Midea 1.0 HP Air-conditioner R32 Quantity : 1 Watt : 772w Daily time use : 30 min = 1 Hour Daily energy consume : 1 x 772 = 772w/day *Cooling capacity : 10000 Btu/h *Refrigerant :R32

8.0 ENERGY USE CALCULATION (OLD)

8.1 ENERGY USE CALCULATION (NEW)

From the table above ,the energy calculated using the initial lighting and VAC equipment such as the Koolman air conditioner, T9 Circline Fluorescent Light Fixture , KDK ceiling fan and other daily use equipments with the rate Rm0.50/kWhr. Therefore, the total bill is Rm131. After using the appropriate lighting and VAC equipment such as Midea air conditioner which uses 0.772 kW whilst the previous air conditioner uses 1.23kW. Therefore, it eventually saves a lot of money in the long run. The usage of LED lighting as well contributes to cost of the total bill as it uses the least amount of wattage compared to the previous fluorescent lighting. In conclusion, the total of the previous bill is Rm130 and the total of the bill using the proposed equipments is only Rm106 whereby the user is able to save Rm23 every month.

9.0 Bill Of Quantities

In conclusion, the bill of quantities for lightings and VAC equipment is RM 2342. After the previous calculations, we knew that change to new lighting and VAC equipment can save our electricity cost but they also have a longer lifespan. Some of the lightings and VAC equipment can buy from their physical store ,but they do have an online store and offer online purchase such as Mylo Trading and House Lightings Sdn Bhd.

10.0 Perspective Views

Switch off light (Daylight)

Switch on light (Night)

Switch on LED downlight

Switch on LED bedside stripe light 13

References https://www.thoughtco.com/lighting-levels-by-room-1206643

https://www.viribright.com/lumen-output-comparing-led-vs-cfl-vs-incandescentwattage/ https://www.thelightbulb.co.uk/resources/ultimate-guide-led-lights-advantages-leds/ https://www.midea.com/my/category/Residential-AC/Wall-Mounted-Inverter saveonenergy.com/learning-center/post/the-kilo-watt-tips-for-understanding-yourelectricity-usage/ https://www.kitchenarena.in/r32-vs-r410a-vs-r290-vs-r22/

https://ceilingfancomparison.com/tower-fans-vs-ceilingfans/#:~:text=What%20are%20the%20Differences%20Between,operation%20than%2 0the%20ceiling%20fans. https://www.gainesvilleindustrial.com/blog/ac-dc-motors/

5840 1800

3900

LIGHTING LEGEND SYMBOL

RL1

RL1 FL2

QTY

CIRCLE FLUORESCENT PENDENT LIGHT

RECHARGABLE WALL LIGHT

LINEAR FLUORESCENT TUBE LIGHT

ONE WAY SWITCH

WALL SOCKET WITH SWITCH

ILLUMINATION

REMARKS

WHITE WARM WHITE , WHITE , YELLOW WHITE

BALCONY

2900

CH2950

DESCRIPTION

SLIDING DOOR BALCONY

ENTRANCE

GF OLD REFLECTED CEILING PLAN RCP SCALE 1:50

NOTE :

DRAWN BY : IVAN KHOO ID NO. : 0344608 SUBJECT : BS & S

ASSIGNMENT : LIGTHING AND VAC DESIGN FOR COMFORT

SCALE

AS SHOWN

DATE

14 APRIL 2021

LECTURER

: MS.SHARON

5840 1800

3900

TBL1 LIGHTING LEGEND SYMBOL

CH2950 RL2 WP

TL3

WPL6

2900

ILLUMINATION

DOWNLIGHT -RECESSED

RECHARGABLE WALL LIGHT

WATERPROOF DOWNLIGHT

ONE WAY SWITCH

TRACK LIGHT

WARM WHITE

TABLE LAMP

WARM WHITE , WHITE , YELLOW

FLOOR LAMP

WARM WHITE

BEDSIDE LED STRIP LIGHT

YELLOW

WALL SOCKET WITH SWITCH

BL5

QTY

DESCRIPTION

REMARKS

WARM WHITE

WARM WHITE , WHITE , YELLOW WHITE

BALCONY

SLIDING DOOR BALCONY

ENTRANCE

FL4

GF NEW REFLECTED CEILING PLAN RCP SCALE 1:50

NOTE :

DRAWN BY : IVAN KHOO ID NO. : 0344608 SUBJECT : BS & S

ASSIGNMENT : LIGTHING AND VAC DESIGN FOR COMFORT

SCALE

AS SHOWN

DATE

14 APRIL 2021

LECTURER

: MS.SHARON

Bachelor of Art (HONS) in Interior Architecture

Building Science & Services [BLD62304103247]

Assignment 2 : Indoor Comfort Design and ‘Invention’

Lecturer: Sharon Teh Ai Ping

Name : Ivan Khoo Yun Fan Student ID : 0344608

Assignment 2A : Recording and measurement of 4 facings of external walls of chosen building IMAGE 1

Introduction Location: DK Senza Residence I choose my own room at DK Senza . The house was originally having 3 rooms, but the landlord has extended to 4 rooms. My room is a partition room that was previously a living area. (See Image 1)

Floor Plan

General Overview 1). There are 4 walls in total labeled and colored in the plan above. 2). There are 4 walls calculations in total. 3.) Wall 1 is the wall that connect with neighborhood. 4). Wall 2 is a plaster slab partition wall connect to the dining area. 5). Wall 3 connects to the toilet of master bedroom. There is an air-conditioning on wall 3 which turned on whole day in 24°C/75.2°. 6). Wall 4 is an exterior wall with a sliding door connect with balcony area. Wall 4 is exposed to the Sun most from 7am-5pm.

TABLE 1

R-Value of Building Materials

CALCULATION FOR HEAT GAIN & LOSS OF EACH WALL q = A * T R where q = heat flow, Btu/hr A = area, ft2 R = resistance, ft2-hr-°F/Btu T = temperature differential, °F Higher temperature – Lower temperature Image 2

Wall 1 i. Dimension of Wall 1 is 3900mm(W) x 2950mm(H). ii. Wall 1 connects with the neighborhood. iii. Wall 1 is a concrete wall. Wall 1 is thicker than other walls. Thickness of wall 1 is 12”.

MATERIAL

CMU WALL 12”

R-VALUE

R= 1.28

Wall 1 TEMPERATURE 0700

1200

1700

INTERIOR

24°C/75.2°F

EXTERIOR

25.9°C/78.5°F

34°C/93.2°F

30°C/86°F

MATERIAL

CMU WALL 1

AREA

A=3900mm(W) x 2950mm(H) =12.8ft x 9.7ft =124.16ft2

0700 A = 124.16ft2 R = 1.28 T = 78.5°F-75.2°F=3.3°F q= (124.16/1.28)x3.3= 320.1 Btu/hr

1200 A = 124.16ft2 R = 1.28 T = 93.2°F-75.2°F=18°F q= (124.16/1.28)x18= 1746 Btu/hr

1700 A = 124.16ft2 R = 1.28 T = 86°F-75.2°F=10.8°F q= (124.16/1.28)x10.8= 1047.6 Btu/hr

Wall 2 Image 3 i. Dimension of Wall 2 is 2900mm(W) x 2950mm(H). ii. Wall 2 is a plaster slab partition wall . Thickness of wall 2 is 3”. (see Image 4) iii. Wall 2 connects with the dining area and corridor. iV. Wall 2 consists a timber hollow core flush swing door.

MATERIAL

PLASTER SLAB PARTITION WALL

TIMBER SWING DOOR

R-VALUE

R= (0.45X2)+1.00 +1.25= 3.15

R= 2.17

Wall 2 TEMPERATURE 0700

1200

1700

INTERIOR

24°C/75.2°F

EXTERIOR

25°C/77°F

33.2°C/91.8°F

30.5°C/86.9°F

Image 4 Thickness of Wall 2

Wall 2= PLASTER SLAB PARTITION WALL + TIMBER SWING DOOR MATERIAL

PLASTER SLAB PARTITION WALL

TIMBER SWING DOOR

AREA

(WALL 2) A=2900mm(W) x 2950mm(H) =9.5ft x 9.7ft =92.15ft2

A=2100mm(W) x 850mm(H) =6.9ft x 2.8ft =19.32ft2

(PARTITION WALL) A= (92.15-19.32)ft2 =72.83ft2 0700

1200

1700

PLASTER SLAB PARTITION WALL

A = 72.83ft2 R = 3.15 T = 77°F-75.2°F=1.8°F q= (72.83/3.15)x1.8= 41.6 Btu/hr

A = 72.83ft2 R = 3.15 T =91.8°F75.2°F=16.6°F q= (72.83/3.15)x16.6= 383.8 Btu/hr

A = 72.83ft2 R = 3.15 T = 86.9°F75.2°F=11.7°F q= (72.83/3.15)x11.7= 270.51 Btu/hr

TIMBER SWING DOOR

A = 19.32ft2 R = 2.17 T = 77°F-75.2°F=1.8°F q= (19.32/2.17)x1.8= 16.03Btu/hr

A = 19.32ft2 R = 2.17 T =91.8°F75.2°F=16.6°F q= (19.32/2.17)x16.6= 147.8 Btu/hr

A = 19.32ft2 R = 2.17 T = 86.9°F75.2°F=11.7°F q= (19.32/2.17)x11.7= 104.17 Btu/hr

TOTAL RATE OF HEAT TRANSFER

41.6 Btu/hr + 16.03 Btu/hr = 57.63 Btu/hr

383.8 Btu/hr + 147.8 Btu/hr = 531.6 Btu/hr

270.51 Btu/hr + 104.17 Btu/hr = 374.68 Btu/hr

Wall 3 Image 5 i. Dimension of Wall 3 is 3900mm(W) x 2950mm(H). ii. Wall 3 is a concrete wall . Thickness of wall 3 is 8”. (see Image 6) iii. Wall 3 connects with the toilet of master bedroom. iv. Wall 3 consists an air conditioner on the top.

MATERIAL

CMU WALL 8”

R-VALUE

R= 1.11 Image 6 Thickness of wall 3

Wall 3 TEMPERATURE 0700

1200

1700

INTERIOR

24°C/75.2°F

EXTERIOR

25.9°C/78.5°F

34.1°C/93.4°F

29.5°C/85.1°F

MATERIAL

CMU WALL 3

AREA

A=3900mm(W) x 2950mm(H) =12.8ft x 9.7ft =124.16ft2

0700 A = 124.16ft2 R = 1.11 T = 78.5°F-75.2°F=3.3°F q= (124.16/1.11)x3.3= 369.12 Btu/hr

1200 A = 124.16ft2 R = 1.11 T = 93.4°F-75.2°F=18.2°F q= (124.16/1.11)x18.2= 2035.78 Btu/hr

1700 A = 124.16ft2 R = 1.11 T = 85.1°F-75.2°F=9.9°F q= (124.16/1.11)x9.9= 1107.37 Btu/hr

Wall 4 Image 7 i. Dimension of Wall 4 is 2900mm(W) x 2950mm(H). ii. Wall 4 is a concrete wall . Thickness of wall 4 is 4”. (see Image 8) iii. Wall 4 connects with the balcony area. iv. Wall 4 consists one way glass sliding door.

MATERIAL

CMU WALL 4”

GLASS SLIDING DOOR

R-VALUE

R= 0.8

R= 0.91 Image 8 Thickness of wall 4

Wall 4 TEMPERATURE 0700

1200

1700

INTERIOR

24°C/75.2°F

EXTERIOR

25.9°C/78.5°F

35.8°C/96.4°F

30.5°C/86.9°F

Wall 4 = CMU WALL + GLASS SLIDING DOOR MATERIAL

CMU WALL

GLASS SLIDING DOOR

AREA

(WALL 4) A=2900mm(W) x 2950mm(H) =9.5ft x 9.7ft =92.15ft2

A= 2470mm(W) x 2320mm(H) =8.1ft x 7.6ft =61.56ft2

(CMU WALL) A=(92.15-61.56)ft2 =30.59ft2 0700

1200

1700

CMU WALL

A = 30.59ft2 R = 0.8 T = 78.5°F-75.2°F=3.3°F q= (30.59/0.8)x3.3= 126.18 Btu/hr

A = 30.59ft2 R = 0.8 T =96.4°F-75.2°F=21.2°F q= (30.59/0.8)x21.2= 810.64 Btu/hr

A = 30.59ft2 R = 0.8 T = 86.9°F75.2°F=11.7°F q= (30.59/0.8)x11.7= 447.38 Btu/hr

GLASS SLIDING DOOR

A = 61.56ft2 R = 0.91 T = 78.5°F-75.2°F=3.3°F q= (61.56/0.91)x3.3= 223.24 Btu/hr

A = 61.56ft2 R = 0.91 T =96.4°F-75.2°F=21.2°F q= (61.56/0.91)x21.2= 1434.15 Btu/hr

A = 61.56ft2 R = 0.91 T = 86.9°F75.2°F=11.7°F q= (61.56/0.91)x11.7= 791.49 Btu/hr

TOTAL RATE OF HEAT TRANSFER

126.18 Btu/hr + 223.24 Btu/hr = 349.42 Btu/hr

810.64 Btu/hr + 1434.15 Btu/hr = 2244.79 Btu/hr

447.38 Btu/hr + 791.49 Btu/hr = 1238.87 Btu/hr

CONCLUSION In conclusion, the wall that has the highest heat gain and loss is wall 4 as the total rate of heat transfer is 2244.79 Btu/hr at 12P.M. This is because the wall 4 is facing to Southeast side. East-facing area receive morning sun and shade in the afternoon. Besides that, a south-facing area gets sun for most of the day, especially at the front of the house, and is therefore usually brighter and warmer. My room is surrounded by other houses and rooms, so it is possible to get sunlight from wall 4 that faced to Southeast side only, although the heat is less intense than in a west-facing area.

REFERENCE https://www.ahfc.us/iceimages/manuals/building_manual_ap_1.pdf https://www.elyson.com/blog/posts-by-date/2019/february/which-direction-should-your-newhome-face/ https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics-formulas/heat-transfer-formula/

Assignment 2B : Passive/Green Insulation Product Development Problem statement Wall 4 (Figure 1.1) has the highest heat gain at 12P.M. It brings too much sunshine will heat my room excessively. The sunshine brings extra sunlight and glare that really annoying me sometimes during noon. This is because the wall 4 is facing to Southeast side. East-facing area receive morning sun and shade in the afternoon. Besides that, a south-facing area gets sun for most of the day, especially at the front of the house, and is therefore usually brighter and warmer. My room is surrounded by other houses and rooms, so it is possible to get sunlight from wall 4 that faced to Southeast side only, although the heat is less intense than in a west-facing area.

Figure 1.1

Solution Although my sliding glass door has installed curtains but my curtains are not a suitable size for the sliding door to cover the door fully because my initial idea is let some sunlight come in. But I didn’t expect the excessive heat that came from the sunlight (Figure 1.2) I temporarily use the boards (Figure 1.3) to cover the bottom part of glass door to reduce the sunlight and heat. But it seems just reduce light more but didn’t reduce heat much.

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

To solve this problem, my proposal is to create a series of foldable Origami concept insulation panels. The products should be covering the sunlight from outside but still can let some sunlight come in when I needed. The products also should be installed and disassemble easily . It is lightweight as it is a product that are attaching or hanging on the sliding door. The materials that have been chosen and considered are mostly environmentally friendly and low cost.

FINAL PRODUCT Origami Concept Series Insulation Panels Torggler Half Open Panel

Miura Full Open Panel

Scene

Explanation

Assemble two panels together , close the window panels.

Assemble two panels together , open the window panels.

INSPIRATION OF PRODUCT IDEAS My main idea of product is must be foldable and portable . Consequently, I chose the art of paper folding, which is often associated with Japanese culture- Origami and the artwork from Western world- Evolution door , it is often compared to the lightness and delicacy of paper origami.

Miura-ori Origami

Types

Detailing

Mechanisms

Torggler evolution door

Torggler Foldable Half Open Panel

Types of Materials

Single Wall Cardboard

Uncoated Paper

Polypropylene Non-woven Fabric

Eva Foam Puzzle Mat

Aluminum Foil Tape

Velcro Magic Tape

Nano Magic Tape

Neodymium Magnet

Miura Foldable Full Open Panel

MATERIAL ANALYSIS Single Wall Cardboard Cardboard that I used is the material that I found in my house .The reason I chose single wall cardboard is because it has air pockets between two layers and this slows down the transfer of heat from one side to the other, and any warm air that gets into the air pocket can stay between these layers for a long period of time and maintain its temperature. The material will also significantly reduce the transfer of noises and echoes when placed along walls or windows.

Eva Foam Puzzle Mat The reason I chose EVA Foam puzzle mat is because I want the frame of the EVA foam puzzle foam that can connect them together into one piece.

As a closed cell foam, EVA foam are excellent at heat insulation, moisture resistance, shock absorption, high flexibility and resilience, chemical resistance, buoyancy, also EVA foam can be easily heat formed. It is also high durability and ozone friendly.

Polypropylene Non-Woven Fabric The reason I chose Non-woven fabric is because I want a material that is lightweight and translucent. The initial purchasing cost of the non-woven polypropylene material is more economical as compared to the woven materials. It is also high-temperature resistance and great insulation properties. In addition to these advantages, it also with easy to decompose, non-toxic and non-irritating, rich colors, recyclable, excellent moisture resistance, etc.

Uncoated Paper The reason I uncoated paper is because it is easily to fold into Origami shape that based on my concept of product design. It is also lightweight and translucent. This material can be found in everywhere and it is low-cost material too. In a sunny window there have the hot air warming the outer surface of the glass and that heat conducting through the window to the cooler inside surface. Paper is good at insulating against conduction, Certainly better than aluminum which is a very good conductor of heat.

MATERIAL ANALYSIS Aluminum Foil Tape This material I choose to glue on the back of EVA foam puzzle mat frame, it is used as a reflective insulation that can block 97% of radiant heat and provides superior thermal performance. One more thing is that aluminum foils are designed in a way to reflect light. The reflectivity of bright aluminum foil is 88% while dull embossed foil is about 80%.

Velcro Magic Tape This material I choose to glue on the EVA foam puzzle mat frame, so the product can hang on the wall stably. Velcro has great strength and is low maintenance. But perhaps one of its greatest advantages is the ease of use. Hook and loop are locked together with just a press of the fabric. The hooks and loops in Velcro are commonly made from nylon and polyester with the hooks being more rigid and thicker than the loops. Hook and loop is a great fastener for a variety of applications.

Nano Magic Tape This material I choose to hold the EVA foam puzzle mat frame with the Velcro magic tape. It is considered as one of the new generations of adhesive tape products. It is easily removable and will not damage the walls or surfaces. It is double-sided adhesive and washable and reusable.

Neodymium Magnet This material I used in both product panels. It is used to hold the main part of products with the EVA foam frame. I bought this material from Daiso online store and they are less expensive compare to Samarium Cobalt magnets. It has high corrosion resistance and also light in weight.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS Torggler Foldable Half Open Panel

2 Make the connection

Cut out the shapes

Stick the thread at both side.

Dig a hole at the internal side of the EVA foam mat and install a small magnet into it.

Installed the Foil tape at the back of panel.

Prepare the cut EVA foam mat , glue the back of foam mat and stick the PP non-woven fabric on it.

Install a magnet on the connection too and cover with the foam to hold the magnet.

Assemble all then this panel is done.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS Miura Foldable Full Open Panel 2

Glue and stick the PP nonwoven fabric on the paper.

Prepare a folded Miura Origami.

Stick small magnet at the bottom part of paper and cover with fabric. Stick big magnet at the upper part .

Installed the Foil tape at the back of panel.

Dig two holes at both side and install two big magnets into it.

Frame and foldable Miura origami is ready.

Easily assemble just with the magnet design.

PRINCIPLE OF THE PRODUCTS Torggler Foldable Half Open Panel

How does it reduce heat?

Miura Foldable Full Open Panel

Aluminum Foil Non-woven fabric/paper/cardboard

Aluminum Foil

Back of the both panels has attached with the aluminum foil tape as a reflective insulation that can block 97% of radiant heat and provides superior thermal performance.

Sound

How does it reduce sound echo?

When light falls on rough surfaces such as aluminum foil. The light reflects in different directions. Such a reflection of light from an uneven surface is called the irregular or diffused reflection. Reflective aluminum foil has a mirror like surface and is made from high purity aluminum with specific photometric qualities to control and reflect the light.

How does it reduce light?

Black colors provide better protection for the sun's UV rays and absorb the sunlight.

Comparison of amount of light passing through (torch light test)

The design of Origami make the shape in different angle that can make the sound breaks up and reduce some sounds from outdoor.

The air space between the single wall cardboard will reduce some sound noise when the sound pass through it.

Left side is passing through more light . Right side is totally blocking the light.

White reflects much light than a darker color does because the darker color absorbs more of the visible light spectrum.

The Origami allows some light passing through but at the part with black fabric, it gets lesser light passing through.

FUNCTIONS OF THE PRODUCT Miura Foldable Full Open Panel How does it work?

Ready Origami and the frame.

Stick the Origami on the magnet part of the frame.

Middle of Origami have magnet too. Adjust the level you want.

Totally close the panel.

Torggler Foldable Half Open Panel How does it work?

Torggler door are installed on the frame.

Slide it to the left side.

The panel is half open now.

Let’s hang it now! Close

Two Panels in one set . Open

How about two set ? Yes , just connect them.

Just attach it in different position you like !

Cover the whole glass panel !

Online Receipts

COST OF MATERIALS Materials bought from Online. Table 1

These materials are the materials that I bought from online and the table (Table 1) above show the online market price of the materials.

Market Research Price of Reuse Materials

Online Market Research Price

Table 2

These materials are the reuse materials that I found in my house and the table (Table 2) above shows the market research price of the materials.

Actual cost of raw materials/panel Torggler Foldable Half Open Panel

Miura Foldable Full Open Panel

Cost of one panel of Torggler Foldable Half Open Panel is Rm 3.96. Cost of one panel of Miura Foldable Full Open Panel is Rm 3.61. If selling them in one set, then cost of one set of these panels materials is Rm 7.57.

*ADDITIONAL*

POSTER DESIGN TO PROMOTE PRODUCTS (Strengths of the products)

FINANCIAL VALUE OF THE PRODUCTS List of Research Market Value 1.RM30 2. RM15 3. RM25 4. RM50 5.RM40 6. RM 25 7. RM 15 8. RM20 9. RM80 10. RM50 11. RM50 12. RM150 13. RM15 14. RM 40 15. RM70 16. RM35 17. RM25 18. RM50 19. RM80 20. RM 40 21. RM40 22. RM50

Calculation of Average market acceptance value RM30+RM15+RM25+RM50+RM40+RM25+RM15+RM 20+RM80+RM50+RM50+RM150+RM15+RM40+RM70 +RM35+RM25+RM50+RM80+RM 40+RM40+RM50 = RM995/22 (students) =RM 45.23

Reflection: I personally felt quite surprised with the final calculation of the average market acceptance value of the products. My expectation price of the products in market is around RM20-25, it is obviously that RM45.23 has reached beyond my expectation as the cost of the raw materials are just RM7.57. I am confidence that my products can be selling in market at RM 45/set. I think how my idea was sold was it is a simple design of Origami design insulation panels that included heat insulation , noise insulation and abate light function that let light in but keep privacy. Easy to attach and detach the panels must be one of the highlights of the products that I think can attract customer on considering to buy my products.

CONCLUSION In conclusion, I learned about the thermal control in the building services including heat transfer, calculation of heat gain and loss and building as a Thermal System. I used the critical wall that identified from Part 2a and produce an original idea design solution to reduce the heat transfer. It is important for me to analyse the materials and find out how they reduce the heat transfer from outdoor to indoor. Other than heat transfer, my product also have enhanced the features such as noise control and light control that brings from outdoor environment to the interior of my room. Besides that, It is also important for me to control the cost of the materials that using in the products because if the cost is too high then it means hard to sell in the market and have low target users in the market. Controlled the cost of product and how to get a great financial value in the market also the important things that I’ve learned in this project.

REFERENCES https://architizer.com/blog/practice/materials/material-lab-klemens-torggler/ https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0954406215597713 https://www.foaminsider.com/materials/eva-foam/

https://crestline.com/c/what-is-polypropylene-fabric-non-woven-cloth-for-reusable-bags https://www.boxed-up.co.uk/blog/general-news/what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-wall-boxes https://www.quora.cWhich-would-work-better-to-insulate-a-house-s-windows-against-heat-white-paper-oraluminum-foilom/ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aisy.201900059

Bachelor of Art (HONS) in Interior Architecture

Building Science & Services [BLD62304103247]

Final Project: Building Services Design in Kitchen Lecturer: Sharon Teh Ai Ping

Name : Ivan Khoo Yun Fan Student ID : 0344608

Task 1 (a): Site Study and Re-design Kitchen

Photo of current kitchen General Overview I’m living in Dk Senza Residence A type house (refer to Image 1) that have a single wall kitchen. The run length of the wall is 3310mm. The kitchen is a opening space that connected with the dining area.

Image 1 Kitchen in plan

Current kitchen has one fluorescent tube lighting only. The door is connected to the yard that has a washing machine. The kitchen consists worktop, cabinetry, dryer and refrigerator.

Task 1 (a): Site Study and Re-design Kitchen

Interview with Housemates Due to the pandemic, everyone need to stay at home most of the time. Kitchen has became the common area that we use most in the house. Before re-design kitchen, it is important to get some advice and know the problem that often happened in the kitchen. So I make a conversation and interview with my only housemate.

Question for housemates Me: Do you often use kitchen? If yes, how long you stay at kitchen everyday? Housemate : Yes , I’m quite often stay in kitchen. I think totally duration will be around 1hr to 1.30 hrs.

Me: What are you doing in kitchen everyday? Housemate: I will spend 30minutes in making lunch and another 30-45 minutes to cook my dinner and other times I will make some snack to eat. Me : Do you like the current design of kitchen and do you feel the space in kitchen is enough for you ? Housemate: I feel fine with current kitchen design layout but the space is quite small for me. Me: Is the whole kitchen make you feel small or there is a specific part make you feel too small? Housemate: I felt that the worktop area is too small and the sink is too close to the induction cooker. Sometimes when I was cooking and the worktop is not enough place to place my groceries or ingredients. My solution is just placed them on the top of dryer although it is not a worktop. Me: What is your advice if give you a chance to redesign a new kitchen in this kitchen space? Housemate : I think I’ll make it more space to put my ingredients is really good enough for me. Me: Is there any parts in kitchen that make you feel dissatisfied other than the space? Housemate: I think it will be the smell problem after cooking. I felt the smell quite big although I have opened the hood when I was cooking . The smell also stay quite long in the space after I done cooking.

Task 1(b): Designing and Justification of Building Services Selection & Location Electrical, lighting and VAC Refrigerator - The main problem of current refrigerator is that the size and capacity too small. I’m living with housemates and my housemates cook everyday. They often buy groceries every week and every time our refrigerator is not enough to store our frozen food. To solve this problem, they just put under the refrigerator compartment. Capacity of current refrigerator is 255L , so it is necessary to get a new Panasonic 380L refrigerator.

Panasonic 2-door Bottom Freezer Refrigerator NR-BX421WGWM Specifications Rated Capacity Total: 380 L Refrigerator Compartment (PC): 268 L Freezer Compartment (FC): 112 L Product Dimensions (WxDxH): 686 x 697 x 1680 mm Defrost Type: Electric PCB Control Energy Consumption: 399 kWh/year Energy Level: 4 Stars Net Weight: 72 kg Gross Weight: 79 kg Voltage: 220-240 V Hertz: 50 Hz Number of Doors: 2 Compressor: Inverter Refrigerant: R600a Urethane Insulation Cyclopentane: Yes

WHY choose this refrigerator? Not only the capacity that solve our main problem but it also have other features that really useful. Example save energy means saving our electricity bill. Features show below:

Save Energy Intelligently Three kinds of ECONAVI sensors monitor daily refrigerator usage. The Inverter compressor optimizes cooling performance to reduce energy consumption.

Anti-bacterial Effect The silver ions deactivate 99.9% of bacterial growth on the Ag filter and remove unpleasant odors.

Faster Soft Freezing Keeps Food Fresh with Prime Fresh+ -Prime Fresh freezes meat and fish lightly at approx. -3°C. -Food soft frozen in this way retains freshness for about 7 days without the need to defrost. -Select the Prime Fresh+ mode to soft freeze food about four times faster.

Firenzzi Slim Cooker Hood - FH-902 XP Cooker hood - The main problem of current

Specification : – Power : 220-240V/50HZ – Suction Power : 1490m³/hr – Lamp max: 1x 40W – Type : Ducted/Recycled – Dimension (LxHxD): 900 x 133 x 500 mm Features : – Finishing: Black or Stainless Steel – Aluminium filter – Charcoal filter – 3 speeds control system – Push button control Low Noise : 56dB

cooker hood is the suction power not strong enough. Suction power helps to suck waste heat, particles and greasy substance from the kitchen area and throw out. Suction power of current cooker hood is 885m3/hr.

WHY choose this cooker hood? The larger suction power that solve our main problem but it also have other features that really useful. Features show below: Low Noise Enjoy cooking without any noise distraction.

Multi-Layer Filter Effectively filter out smokes in kitchen

Excellent Suction Performance Make your home free from unwanted odors.

Panasonic Wall Mount Ventilating Fan FV-25AUM7 Ventilating Fan- Current kitchen is lack of air ventilation. It is necessarily to install a new wall mount ventilating fan in the new design kitchen. It solves the smell problem that we are having right now.

WHY choose this ventilating fan ?

Fan Size (cm)

R.P.M

999-1221

CFM

530

Motor Rating

240V / 50Hz

Motor (W)

25.2-30.8

Air Volume (m³/min)

15.0

Motor HP

0.03

Motor Type

4 Pole Condenser Motor

Noise Level (dB)

39.4

Nett Weight (kg)

2.6

The Panasonic FV25AUM is a great exhaust fan for your home. It extracts smoke, oil, fume, heat and odor from places such as kitchen to the outside of the house. It is easy to install with just 4 simple steps and it won’t detract from the appearance of the surrounding. Besides having a Thermal Safety Fuse, it is also energy-saving so we continue to use it for as long as necessary without worrying about high electricity costs. Thanks to the long life bearing and high-performance condenser, the exhaust fan now has a 60,000 hours lifetime compared to 30,000 hours which the previous models have.

RINNAI RB-3022H-CB 2-zone Induction Hob Induction hob- The main problem of current Induction hob is the slow heat up speed problem.

WHY choose this induction hob? RINNAI RB-3022H-CB 2-zone Induction Hob has more functions compare with current one and it has the booster function that easily solve our problem of using this induction hob. Features show below:

Key Features: •Touch Control •Schott Ceran Glass •2 Cooking Zones •Booster Function •9 Power Levels per zone •Timer •Auto Pan Recognition Sensor •Automatic Safety Switch Off •Child Lock

Auto Pan Recognition Sensor Induction hobs are particularly energy saving as the cooking zone recognizes the size of the cookware and heats up the base of the cookware and not the whole cooking zone.

Booster Function Save on time and turbocharge your cooking process with increased power to a selected zone.

Auto Safety Switch Off The hob smartly detects any inactivity within 1 minute after switching on, and automatically switches itself off.

Power: 1.8kW (Ø210mm)

Firenzzi TO-3035 BK Electric Table Oven Oven -The main problem of current oven is less function for cooking. We just use the current oven for defrost the foods only and it became an useless thing in the kitchen.

WHY choose this oven? Specification: • Capacity: 35 Litres • 6 cooking function • 2 pcs Thermostat • Accessories: bake tray, bake rack, tray handle, crumb tray, rotisserie handle • High-class knobs with shining aluminum cover • Power: 220V, 50Hz/60Hz,1500W • Dimension: (W) 490 x (D) 450 x (H) 278mm

Firenzzi TO-3035 BK Electric Table Oven has more functions compare with current one and it solve our problem of using this oven. Features show below:

Individual Temperature Control Ability To Control Top And Bottom Compartments Temperature Simultaneously.

Multi-Function Ability To choose 6 cooking function.

Samsung Heat Pump Dryer , 8KG -DV80TA220AE/FQ Physical specification

Net Dimension (WxHxD)

600 x 850 x 600 mm

Net Weight

49 kg

Gross Dimension 670 x 895 x 695 (WxHxD) mm

Drying Capacity

Gross Weight

53 kg

Drying Capacity (kg)

8.0 kg

Energy Consumption (annual) kWh

Dryer- The main problem of current dryer are capacity and the energy consumption. Capacity of current dryer is 6kg. Annual energy consumption of current dryer is 577 kWh. (refer to Image 2)

176

Image 2 Current dryer annual energy consumption.

WHY choose this cooker hood? The higher capacity and the energy efficiency technology of Samsung heat pump dryer has solve our main problem but it also have other features that really useful. Features show below: A+++ Energy Efficiency with Heat Pump Technology Save money and protect the environment by using less electricity. Heat pump technology offers an energy-efficient, costeffective and gentle way to dry clothes. It is A+++ energy rated as it uses ‘refrigerant’ instead of electricity to heat the air and recycles warm air to avoid wasting energy.

Reversible Door Choose the direction that the reversible door opens to suit the layout of your home. Just change which side it opens to fit the location, what’s around it and how you do things. It also means that walls won’t get in the way! And it is transparent, so you can check what’s inside with a glance.

Fast dry small loads- Quick Dry 35' Get any clothes you need dried fast, like a work shirt or school top. The Quick Dry 35' cycle gets a small 1kg load of clothing dry and ready to wear in 35 minutes. Using high heat, it can safely dry a few items, so there’s much less waiting – just dry the clothes you need, when you need them. May vary depending on the type of fabric.

Lightings - The main problem of current lighting is there is one fluorescent tube light in current kitchen only. First, it is not enough to light up the kitchen area and the fluorescent lighting is not energy saving compared to LED lighting.

SKURUP 3-spots Ceiling track LEDARE LED bulb GU10 600 lumen, warm dimming Product size Max.: 8.5 W Length: 96 cm Shade diameter: 8cm You can easily direct the light to different places in the kitchen , since each spotlight can be adjusted individually. Light bulbs sold separately. IKEA recommends LED bulb GU10 (3 pcs).

Luminous flux: 600 lm The LED light source consumes up to 85% less energy and lasts 20 times longer than incandescent bulbs. It helps lower your electric bill because dimming the lights saves energy. The light from this LED bulb feels as strong as the light from a traditional 83W incandescent bulb. When the light bulb is dimmed, Kelvin (the warm white colour temperature of the light) automatically decreases, which provides a warmer light. It’s life time approximate 25,000 hours.

SKYDRAG LED worktop lighting strip with sensor 40cm Luminous flux: 380 lm Length: 40 cm Width: 1.8 cm Height: 1.8 cm Cord length: 3.5 m Power: 5.6 W This LED lighting strip is easy to install in an existing kitchen. I’ll installed it under the cabinets and light up the worktop space . It offer an extremely long-life of at least 25,000 hours (which equals 20 years on basis of an average use of 3 hours / day with an amount of at least of 13,000 on/off switching cycles). It feels so comfortable to think that you won’t have to worry about maintenance or lamp replacement while having the perfect light ambiance in your home. The LED light source consumes up to 85% less energy and lasts 20 times longer than incandescent bulbs. It provides energy saving feature that really save our electricity bill.

Kitchen lighting level Study (LUX & LUMEN) The following is a list of minimum lighting levels for residential kitchen. Kitchen

General

300 lux

Countertop

750 lux

Current kitchen maximum lighting level is 57 lux (refer to Image 3). 57 lux= 376 lumen (refer to Image 4). It is obvious that current lighting level is not enough as the recommended lighting level of general kitchen space is 300 lux and countertop/worktop is 750 lux.

Image 4 Fluorescent tube lighting level

Image 3 Lighting level of current kitchen

Redesign kitchen is using LEDARE LED Bulb (refer to Image 5) that has 600 lumen. Using converter to convert to lux , 600 lumen equal to 160 lux (refer to Image 6). The ceiling track in new design need to install with 3 LED bulb, it means it has at least 480 lux will be light up in general kitchen space.

Image 5 LEDARE LED Bulb GU10 Image 6 LED bulb lighting level Redesign kitchen is using SKYDRAG LED worktop lighting strip that installed under the cabinets (refer to Image 7) that has 380 lumen. 380 lumen= 336 lux (refer to Image 8). Total 7 of this strip lighting will installed in new design kitchen, it means it has at least 2352 lux will be light up on kitchen countertop/ worktop.

Image 8 LED lighting strip lighting level

Image 7 SKYDRAG LED worktop lighting strip

Task 1(b): Designing and Justification of Building Services Selection & Location Electrical, lighting and VAC Energy Use Calculation (OLD)

Energy Use Calculation (NEW)

From the table above ,the energy calculated using the current electrical, lighting and VAC equipment with the rate Rm0.50/kWhr. Therefore, the total bill is Rm118. The new design of energy use calculation is Rm77. Therefore, it eventually saves a lot of money in the long run. In conclusion, the total of the previous bill is Rm130 and the total of the bill using the proposed equipment is only Rm77 whereby the user can save Rm 41 every month.

Task 1(b): Designing and Justification of Building Services Selection & Location Water supply and plumbing

The trap and the food disposal are under my current kitchen sink (refer to Image 9).

Image 9 Trap under the sink Image 10 Section drawing of current kitchen sink After observation of my kitchen sink (refer to Image 11), I found that the trap of my kitchen sink are connected into the wall and the wastewater should be going down from the waste pipe that shown in Image 10 . After water gets past the trap and heads down the remainder of the appliance line, it joins up with a wider, longer series of pipes. These pipes are the drainpipes/ waste pipes. The drainpipes connect with the plumbing system’s air vent at this point. The vent pipe is a long, hollow, narrow tube that runs straight up and down. One end connects with the drainpipe, and the other end runs all the way out to the rooftop. The vent pipe supplies fresh air into the drainpipes, which is necessary to prevent air suction entering the pipes from slowing or stopping flow.

Image 11 Current Kitchen sink

Task 1(b): Designing and Justification of Building Services Selection & Location Water supply and plumbing

2 3

Image 13 Pipes from upper floor that are connected from kitchen to yard.

Image 14 Pipes in yard.

Image 12 Water supply distribution lines of Condominium/Apartment There are three pipes that is visible and located at the yard area that besides at the kitchen area. Pipe 1 is Main drainage pipe that also an outlet of wastewater from the washing machine. Pipe 2 is vent pipe that helps to remove sewage and greywater from a building or home. The vent also helps to regulate air pressure in the plumbing pipes to ensure that the water flows unimpeded through them. Pipe 3 is waste pipe that connected from the sink and funnel dirty or used water from the fixture to the sewer pipe and on to the wastewater treatment plant. (refer to Image 13, 14, 15)

1 2 3

Image 15 Pipes connected to others floors below.

Task 1(b): Designing and Justification of Building Services Selection & Location Fire-safety

WORKTOP Quartz Countertops Quartz tops , sometimes called engineered stone, are also man-made. Natural quartz is fortified with resin to create a truly hard wearing and customizable worktop. As compared to solid-surface materials, quartz countertops are more durable, scratch resistant and heat-safe up to about 400 degrees. Visually, quartz has a glossy surface (although some matte options are now available) with a consistent color and pattern. You can choose from an almost limitless number of solid colors and creative patterns. Some even simulate granite, marble and other natural surfaces. You can also choose from several different edge profile options.

CABINETRY Melamine plywood Plywood is made of many thin layers of wood, arranged so that the grain of the wood is alternating. It is then glued together to form a hard plywood board. Melamine is a popular plastic material used in modern home cabinetry. Melamine fused with plywood is also the most sustainable option for cabinetry. Melamine plywood is made by taking the plywood board and adding a plastic layer. One of the major benefits of Melamine is its durability. Melamine is resistant to the normal conditions common in kitchens such as heat, moisture, and stains. It is easy to clean due to the tough outer coating that encases the compressed wood core. The combination of the durable coating and quality core make the material great for use in cabinetry and even cabinet drawers.

Perspectives ( Redesign )

Conclusion

My aim of redesign kitchen is to increase worktop area and improve the quality of materials that been used on worktop and cabinetry. Current kitchen is a single row gallery kitchen. Galley Kitchens are kitchen layouts that combine the various forms of kitchen fixtures into efficient linear bars. Galley kitchen layouts can be designed as single row or double rows and require a clear space or corridor for user access. Due to the 6m requirement of redesign kitchen, I decided to design the single row gallery kitchen to two row gallery kitchen. But due to the restriction of walking space, I decided to design a width of maximum 40cm worktop on the opposite side. So there are at least 1m walking space in the kitchen. After research for the guide of small kitchen dimension , I found a similar small kitchen layout suggested minimum 102cm for the width of walking space (refer to Image 16) , so I think 1m walking space is fine in my redesign kitchen plan layout. My final run length of redesign kitchen’s worktop is 6.01m. Besides that, fire safety materials are important be used in the kitchen too , I decided to use the Melamine plywood on cabinetry and quartz worktop. Although granite is a better fire-resistant material that use on worktop but quartz is better on customized shape and installed induction hob on quartz worktop.

Image 16 Minimum width of walking space in L-shape kitchen

References https://www.bannerengineering.com/my/en/company/expert-insights/lux-lumens-calculator.html https://www.nuflowmidwest.com/the-basics-of-your-condo-plumbing-explained/ https://www.thespruce.com/make-galley-kitchen-work-for-you-1822121 https://www.dimensions.com/element/galley-single-row-kitchen-layout http://cabinetsquick.com/melamine-vs-plywood/ https://www.woodworkingtrade.com/melamine-vs-plywood-pros-cons-materials-compared/ https://www.hcsupplies.co.uk/help-and-ideas/quartz-vs-granite-worktops-everything-you-need-to-know/

4683 1373

3350 2660

600

OVEN

WASHING MACHINE

ENTRANCE

YARD 1400

2000

REFRIGERATOR

KITCHEN

KITCHEN LEGEND SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

QTY

ILLUMINATION

LINEAR FLUORESCENT TUBE LIGHT

WHITE

REMARKS

DB BOX

ONE WAY SWITCH

WALL SOCKET WITH SWITCH

MAIN VENT & DRAIN PIPE

YARD

DRYER

VENT PIPE

YARD

DRAIN PIPE

YARD

DRAINAGE

WATER SUPPLY

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY LINE

DINING

GF OLD KITCHEN LAYOUT PLAN RCP NOTE :

DRAWN BY : IVAN KHOO ID NO. : 0344608 SUBJECT : BS & S

ASSIGNMENT

SCALE

DATE

AS SHOWN 11 JULY 2021

LECTURER

: MS.SHARON

4683 1373

3350 2660

600

OVEN

WASHING MACHINE &

ENTRANCE

DRYER

ELA

YARD 1000

2000

REFRIGERATOR

KITCHEN

ELA

KITCHEN LEGEND

ELB

SYMBOL

QTY

DESCRIPTION

TRACK LIGHT

400

40CM LED STRIP LIGHT

ILLUMINATION

WHITE

WARM WHITE

REMARKS

DB BOX

ONE WAY SWITCH

WALL SOCKET WITH SWITCH

MAIN DRAIN PIPE

YARD

VENT PIPE

YARD

DRAIN PIPE

YARD

DRAINAGE

KITCHEN BAR

WATER SUPPLY

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY LINE

DINING

GF NEW KITCHEN LAYOUT PLAN RCP NOTE :

DRAWN BY : IVAN KHOO ID NO. : 0344608 SUBJECT : BS & S

ASSIGNMENT

SCALE

AS SHOWN

DATE

11 JULY 2021 : MS.SHARON

LECTURER

4683 1373

3350

695

755

CH3000

670

3000

850

SIEMENS

EL A NOTE :

NEW KITCHEN ELEVATION A DRAWN BY : IVAN KHOO ID NO. : 0344608 SUBJECT : BS & S

ASSIGNMENT

SCALE

AS SHOWN

DATE

11 JULY 2021

LECTURER

: MS.SHARON

2660 598

1523 150

2062

150

1223

850

570

3000

670

910

CH3000

EL B NOTE :

NEW KITCHEN ELEVATION B DRAWN BY : IVAN KHOO ID NO. : 0344608 SUBJECT : BS & S

ASSIGNMENT

SCALE

AS SHOWN

DATE

11 JULY 2021

LECTURER

: MS.SHARON

Building Science & Services e-Portfolio

Articles inside

0 Heat load calculation -------------------------------------------------5

0 Energy Consumption -------------------------------------------------8-10