Materials and Finishes NAME :Ivan Khoo Yun Fan STUDENT ID : 0344608
Table of Content ASSIGNMENT 1A
SLIDES
1.1 LOOSE FURNITURE : FIBREBOARD (MDF) DESK Introduction to Fibreboard Advantages of Fibreboard as a table top Disadvantages of Fibreboard as a table top Introduction to Veneer Advantages of Veneer as finish Disadvantages of Veneer as finish Introduction to Steel Advantages of Steel as table legs Disadvantages of Steel as table legs Introduction to Powder Coating Advantages of Powder coating as finish of table legs Disadvantages of Powder coating as finish of table legs Installation Methods of the table Specifications Summary
5 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 11 12
1.2 Loose Furniture : Dining Chair Introduction to Solid Birch Advantages of Solid Birch as chair legs
13 13
Disadvantages of Solid Birch as chair legs
14
Introduction to Plywood
14
Advantages of Plywood as Seat and Backrest
14
Disadvantages of Plywood as Seat and Backrest
15
Introduction to Clear acrylic lacquer
15
Advantages of Clear acrylic lacquer as Finish
15
Disadvantages of Clear acrylic lacquer as Finish
15
Introduction to High-pressure laminate
16
Advantages of High-pressure laminate as Finish
16
Disadvantages of High-pressure laminate as Finish
16
Installation Methods of the chair
17
SpeciďŹ cations
18
Summary
19
ASSIGNMENT 1B ( Themed sketch )
21 - 25
ASSIGNMENT 1A
1.1 LOOSE FURNITURE : FIBREBOARD (MDF) DESK
1.1.1 Materials used of the table 1.
Table top Fibreboard with wood veneer
2.
Table Frame legs Steel with powder coating
Figure 1.1 Fibreboard table top with steel frame support in bedroom as a study desk.
1.1.2 Introduction to Fibreboard MDF is an engineered wood composite that is
Because it’s composed of such small
similar to particle board, but is much denser and
wood fibers, there’s no wood grain in
stronger than particle board.
MDF.
Imagine if all of the sawdust was swept up from other wood product manufacturing processes, and then that sawdust was mixed with binders and pressed into large sheets the size of plywood. Okay, that’s way oversimplified, and it’s not exactly the process they use to make MDF , but that gives you an idea of the makeup of the product.
Figure 1.2 Fibreboard
1.1.3 Advantages of Fibreboard as a table top Desks that incorporate MDF into the design or
Compared to plywood and particle board, MDF
rely solely on MDF will cost significantly less
offers superior density and strength. The
than solid wood options. Often times, you will
manufacturing process creates a super dense
find desks that have a steel frame and use MDF
material that can withstand a tough work
to create drawers, backs and table top. ( As
environment and provide a no-sag surface for
shown in Figure 1.3)
desks. MDF, in its unfinished form, can end up absorbing water spills and expanding.
That being said, MDF is also commonly used
However, the vast majority of consumers
through the entire desk. You can even
purchase MDF that is already covered with a
purchase MDF based desks that use a wood
laminate or veneer material to make it water
veneer for the final finish. These different
resistant.
options come with different price points, so you can choose a look that fits your office and your budget.
Figure 1.3 Table top and shelf are made of Fibreboard
1.1.4 Disadvantages of Fibreboard as a table top Although engineered wood is widely used for the wide range of units such as wardrobes, bookshelves,table and etc. if you put too much weight on MDF boards that are not designed to sustain such, it might simply sag ( As shown in Figure 1.4). A clever solution would be to combine the usage of both solid wood and MDF for extra support.MDF is often cheaper than solid wood but it is still as strong and can last quite long with proper maintenance. On the downside, MDF Board gets easily scratched and cannot be repaired after this. This is unlike wood that can be sanded down to eliminate any damage on the surface. So, it is better cover with the wood veneer as it’s finish .
Figure 1.4 Table top is a bit sag
1.1.5 Introduction to Veneer Veneer is very thin timber that is cut 3 millimetres or less and used to cover fibreboard to give the surface a wood grain appearance.
This product is widely used in woodwork because it is a useful product that is used to make cheaper furniture like fibreboard look more like high quality furniture.Veneer can be also applied to increase the strength, durability and appearance of the wood.
Veneer furniture is constructed by gluing thin layers of wood veneers together with the grain at right layers over a thick core. With this crisscross design, the chances of splitting or cracking is reduced. The glue used in the process is the same strong, waterproof adhesive used in aircraft and marine construction, so the end result creates a product that is stronger than the natural wood.High quality veneer furniture will have a solid core and the furniture’s table will be straight-grain solid wood.
Figure 1.5 Section of veneer
Figure 1.6 Texture of veneer
1.1.6 Advantages of Veneer as Finish Wood veneers provide aesthetics like natural wood with less cost ( As shown in Figure 1.7). Apart from increasing aesthetics, applying wood veneer sheets to weak engineered woods like fibreboard can help in increasing its strength. Figure 1.7 Veneered MDF table top
1.1.7 Disadvantages of Veneer as Finish Veneer products are extremely thin and more susceptible to water damage – a problem that will cause the material to peel and reveal the particle board beneath it. Veneer also becomes costly to repair as the entire surface usually needs to be replaced once it’s damaged ( As shown in Figure 1.8) . Figure 1.8 The corner of the veneered table top is damaged.
1.1.8 Introduction to Steel Steel furniture comes with own beauty. Steel furniture is highly in demand for indoor purposes as it comes in a variety of designs and styles.For example, steel can be the support parts of some furniture or even the whole steel furniture ( As shown in Figure 1.9). Steel furniture also comes with the ultimate strength and durability. The best quality of steel
Figure 1.9 The table steel frame
furniture is that it’s really easy to maintain and clean.
1.1.9 Advantages of Steel as table legs Steel is better than other materials because it is fireproof and waterproof. Steel furniture is extremely strong, shiny, and nice stainless furniture. Steel furniture also offers a great style with natural color and the best thing is its maintenance which is very easy. It is much thinner than other materials like wood, plastic and this type of furniture is space redeeming items. Besides, using steel as a material of table legs/ frame support can provide stability for the furniture and will not be easily damaged.( As shown in Figure 1.10) Figure 1.10 The steel frame supports the table top and provides stability .
1.1.10 Disadvantages of Steel as table legs Steel furniture is an iron that makes its texture very hard .It can damage the floors in case the customers are having finished or wooden floors. So , some suppliers of steel furniture will add some protector on the furniture’s leg , such as table feet pad ,rubber floor protector and etc. ( As shown in Figure 1.11)
Figure 1.11 There is a table feet pad under the steel frame support.
1.1.11 Introduction to Powder Coating Powder coating is a dry finishing process in which free-flowing, thermoplastic or thermoset powder material, rather than a liquid suspension, is applied to a surface, melted, and then allowed to dry and harden into a protective coating.It is usually used to create a hard finish that is tougher than conventional
Figure 1.12 Powder Coating
paint.Powder coating is mainly used for coating of metals, such as my steel table legs.
1.1.12 Advantages of Powder coating as ďŹ nish of table legs The pros of powder coating include that it has greater durability than most liquid applied coatings, is friendlier for the environment, in the long run can be more cost efficient, and is generally less flammable than an equivalent solvent based liquid coating. Powder coating is also one of the most durable coating types, able to stand up to harsh elements as well as being relatively scratch resistant.
1.1.13 Disadvantages of Powder coating as ďŹ nish of table legs Powder coating is good at achieving a thick finish but basically incapable of achieving a thin finish. Projects requiring a coating build of less than 6 mils should rely on a different coating process. Along those lines, powder coating is not good at achieving a smooth finish .Powder coatings cannot be applied to non-metal surfaces due to the typical method of its application and conditions of charging the substrate ( As shown in Figure 1.13), along with the fact that the substrate needs to be cured up to 180 degrees. Figure 1.13 Powder coating applied on the steel frame .
1.1.5 Installation Methods of the table 1. According to the figure, distinguish the components according to the shape of the panels. There are one piece of table top , one piece of shelf 1 , one piece of shelf 2 , two pieces of apron and two pieces of frame support.
2. First set up the frame and secure it with 7cm flat head screws on both sides. There are two holes on one frame support and the holes are secure with the screws to assemble the apron .
3. Secure the shelf 1 and shelf 2 with 4cm pointed screws. Secure the holes on the back of shelf 1 to assemble with the shelf 2. Ready the part of the shelf for next step installation.
Shelf 2
Shelf 1
4. Install the assembled shelf 1 and shelf 2 on the frame. Use 7cm pointed screws to secure the bottom of shelf 2 with 2.5cm flat head screws on the frame.
5. Install the Veneered Fibreboard table top on the frame and secure with 2.5cm flat-head screws, then secure and tighten all screws to complete the installation.
1.1.6 SpeciďŹ cations The cross section of the fibreboard table with steel frame support/legs ( As shown in figure 1.14) :
Figure 1.14 Cross section of the table.
Different views of the fibreboard table ( As shown in figure 1.15 ) :
Figure 1.15 Isometric view , front view, side view and top view of the table .
1.1.7 Summary I think medium density fibreboard ( MDF ) table is a good option for those who have budget on purchasing furniture. It is low cost and also have a wood look that add the value on the furniture. But sometimes we also have to aware of the furniture quality. For example, my table top is made of fibreboard but it is quite thin and can’t put too much heavy things on the table because it will sag although there are aprons support the table top. There are many application of fibreboard furniture in the interior of the home. After considering the advantages and disadvantages of fibreboard,I suggest the homeowner should take the decision according to his convenience and budget.
1.2 Loose Furniture : Dining Chair 1.2.1 Materials used of the chair 1.
Leg/ Frame support: Solid birch, Clear acrylic lacquer
2.
Seat/ Backrest: Plywood, High-pressure laminate
Figure 2.1 Dining chair in kitchen area
1.2.2 Introduction to Solid Birch
1.2.3 Advantages of Solid Birch as chair legs
Birch is a North American hardwood. It ranks
The advantages of wood are numerous
near the top of the hardness scale and is
such as durability, strength, value, low
slightly harder than maple. Solid birch is so
maintenance, aesthetics and the ability to
hard that it can even dull blades or bits and is
modify when needed.
typically not used by most craftsmen, who choose instead to use maple, which has grain patterns and colors that are very similar to birch. Solid birch has extremely tight grain with some rippling. It also has a translucent quality, which imparts a glossy effect that is aesthetically pleasing when lacquer is used on the surface.
One of the best ways to modify or update a piece of wood furniture is with wooden legs. In actuality, adding wooden legs to a furniture piece has several advantages. For example, if our home have wooden floors, then the birch wood legs might be the safest choice. Otherwise , it could risk damaging our floor upon keep moving our chair. (As shown in FIgure 2.3)
Figure 2.3 Scratches of the floor Figure 2.2 Solid Birch
1.2.4 Disadvantages of Solid birch as table legs Birch Wood is expensive when compared with various other wood species used in the making of the legs of chair.For example, compared with other solid pine wood chair is under Rm100, the price of this solid birch legs dining chair is Rm125 (As shown in FIgure 2.4). As Birch Wood is hygroscopic, it can warp & crack easily in the dry environment and if used indoors, it should not be too dry. For this problem , the chair legs are coated with clear acrylic lacquer to provides a durable seal and also prevent the cracks. Figure 2.4 Price tag of the chair
1.2.5 Introduction to Plywood Plywood is basically a pile of layers bonded together and covered with a veneer on the front and back (The thickness of an individual sheet is 0.2 – 3.2 mm) (As shown as Figure 2.5). The simplest plywood consists of a particle board center with a veneer on both sides. Next is a veneer core with several additional layers of veneer set crosswise to each other and finished with front and back veneers. The last type is made of
Figure 2.5 Plywood
layers of cross-faced veneers and finished front and back like the others. This layering gives plywood its strength, but the cross-facing can sometimes make very thick plywood hard to work with and cut through.
1.2.6 Advantages of Plywood as Seat and Backrest The advantages of plywood includes it is very strong and the thinner cuts are easy to work with. Plywood that is faced with a good quality veneer can be stained to look like almost any wood and is easy to paint .Plywood, on the other hand, can be made to fit any curved surface smoothly and easily (As shown as Figure 2.6). For all its strength, plywood is so much lighter than solid wood. That makes plywood even more perfect for furniture-making such as making this dining chair. Figure 2.6 Plywood of the chair
1.2.7 Disadvantages of Plywood as Seat and Backrest The disadvantages of plywood are that it is many aspects weaker than wood and the general cost is high. Another disadvantage is that plywood veneers tend to be very thin. This makes them unsuitable for use in homes that have rambunctious adults, young children or energetic pets where the risk of scratching or other damage is high (As shown in FIgure 2.7) . That is the reason why the plywood part of this chair is finishing up with high pressure laminate.
Figure 2.7 Scratches on plywood
1.2.8 Introduction to Clear acrylic lacquer The term lacquer is used for a number of hard and potentially shiny finishes applied to materials such as wood or metal. These fall into a number of very different groups. In modern techniques, lacquer means a range of clear or pigmented finishes that dry by solvent evaporation to produce a hard, durable finish. Lacquer finishes are usually harder and more brittle than oil-based or latex paints, and are typically used on hard and smooth surfaces.
Figure 2.8 Showing the way of spraying the clear acrylic lacquer.
1.2.9 Advantages of Clear acrylic lacquer as Finish Lacquer is tough. It lasts as long or longer than any of its competitors without flaking or chipping. Lacquer remains clear for years without the yellowing . Lacquer is a bit thinner than other products, making it penetrate deeper, which provides a durable seal that protects the wood from the inside out. It's also versatile and comes in three varieties: dull, medium and high-gloss.
1.2.10 Disadvantages of Clear acrylic lacquer as Finish Although clear acrylic lacquer is a good choice of finish but it still have it’s drawback. The main disadvantage is it is difficult to remove scratches or dents (As shown as Figure 2.9). For the safety concern , Lacquer is toxic, and also requires solvent (lacquer thinner) to clean equipment afterwards. Figure 2.9 Dents on the solid birch.
1.2.11 Introduction to High-pressure laminate High Pressure Laminate or HPL, is the direct descendent of the original plastic laminate. It is considered to be one of the most durable decorative surface materials and is available with special performance properties including chemical, fire and wear resistance. Special grades of HPL can be postformed around curved edges by application of heat and restraint. The HPL provides the plywood part of the chair with a durable, decorative
Figure 2.10 High-pressure laminate on the plywood.
surface and is now available in a selection of modern colors.
1.2.12 Advantages of High-pressure laminate as Finish Although HPL cannot be exposed to extreme heat exposure, this type of material can still be used in applications where some heat sources are present. Besides ,the price is affordable.The price of HPL can vary on numerous factors. These include the color, design and even the manufacturer you are working with. It is also highly resistant to scratch and abrasion. For example, it is the finish of the plywood part (seat and backrest) of the chair. ( As shown on Figure 2.11)
Figure 2.11 the backrest and seat is finished with high-pressure laminate.
1.2.13 Disadvantages of High-pressure laminate as Finish While it can follow the look of a veneer, laminate face of the chair does not come close to the feel of those textures of a veneer. No matter how high in quality, it cannot simulate the feel of real wood.Once the top layer has been worn through, the face of chair seat can’t be fix with a small part or we have to change the whole seat. For example , I have observed that a small part of the backrest has been worn.(As shown on Figure 2.12 ) Figure 2.12 The backrest of the chair has been worn.
1.2.14 Installation Methods of the Chair 1.
Attach the two components to the joints.The joint of the component is called halving joint.
2. There are two screw holes on each components and the front panel is install between the two component to ensure them more stable. Secure the jointed component with the flat head screws.
3. Secure the backrest with the pointed screws. Then, use the L-shape spanner to secure and tighten the pointed screws.
4. Invert the chair and secure the seat with the long flat head screws on the screw holes on each leg.Then, use the L-shape spanner to secure and tighten the four flat head screws.
5. Last, secure the center part of the seat that attach on the frame support. Then ,use the L-shape spanner to tighten the flat head screw.
1.2.15 SpeciďŹ cations The cross section of the solid birch chair ( As shown in figure 2.13) :
Figure 2.13 Cross section view of dining chair
Different views of the solid birch chair ( As shown in figure 2.14 ) :
Figure 2.14 Isometric view , front view, side view and back view of the dining chair.
1.2.16 Summary For my opinion , this solid birch chair is worth for money although it is not cheap compared with other woods chair . The reason is the wood-feel looks good and also could personalized the dining area. But for those who decided to get a lighter and cheaper chair , i prefer they can choose either pine wood chair or plastic chair . While both engineered and natural wood have their own set of pros and cons, our choice will depend on our specific needs and requirements. Those might vary from visual appeal to your budget, shape, size and placement.
ASSIGNMENT 1B
Bachelor of Interior Architecture (HONS)
Material and Finishes Individual Assignment Report : INTEGRATED FINAL PROJECT
Ivan Khoo Yun Fan 0344608
MATERIALS BOARD
CEILING PLASTERBOARD
CORRUGATED STEEL
WALL SPRAY FOAM INSULATION
PLASTERBOARD
GYPSUM BOARD
STAINLESS STEEL DOUGLAS FIR
FURNITURE OSB BOARD
STAINLESS STEEL
SOLID PINEWOOD
FLOORING
PLYWOOD
PLYWOOD
STUD
CORRUGATED STEEL
PARTICLEBOARD
TEMPERED GLASS
MINERAL WOOL INSULATION
THERMOPLASTIC RUBBER POLYPROPYLENE PLASTIC
NOTE;
DRAWN BY : IVAN KHOO YUN FAN
ASSIGNMENT :
SCALE : 1:30
ID NO. : 0344608
INTEGRATED FINAL PROJECT
DATE : 27 NOV 2020
SUBJECT : MATERIAL & FINISHES
LECTURER : MS. SHARON
NOTE;
DRAWN BY : IVAN KHOO YUN FAN
ASSIGNMENT :
SCALE : 1:30
ID NO. : 0344608
INTEGRATED FINAL PROJECT
DATE : 27 NOV 2020
SUBJECT : MATERIAL & FINISHES
LECTURER : MS. SHARON
NOTE;
DRAWN BY : IVAN KHOO YUN FAN
ASSIGNMENT :
SCALE : 1:30
ID NO. : 0344608
INTEGRATED FINAL PROJECT
DATE : 27 NOV 2020
SUBJECT : MATERIAL & FINISHES
LECTURER : MS. SHARON
‘ONE BOX’ WORKSTATION
NOTE;
DRAWN BY : IVAN KHOO YUN FAN
ASSIGNMENT :
SCALE : 1:30
ID NO. : 0344608
INTEGRATED FINAL PROJECT
DATE : 27 NOV 2020
SUBJECT : MATERIAL & FINISHES
LECTURER : MS. SHARON
‘ONE BOX’ WORKSTATION
NOTE;
DRAWN BY : IVAN KHOO YUN FAN
ASSIGNMENT :
SCALE : 1:30
ID NO. : 0344608
INTEGRATED FINAL PROJECT
DATE : 27 NOV 2020
SUBJECT : MATERIAL & FINISHES
LECTURER : MS. SHARON
‘ONE BOX’ WORKSTATION
NOTE;
DRAWN BY : IVAN KHOO YUN FAN
ASSIGNMENT :
SCALE : 1:30
ID NO. : 0344608
INTEGRATED FINAL PROJECT
DATE : 27 NOV 2020
SUBJECT : MATERIAL & FINISHES
LECTURER : MS. SHARON
SKETCHUP REFERENCES