@)@! hgj/L jif{ !! c+s !#(
;g\ @)@) jif{ ;dLIff clk|n @$ <
;g\ @)@) df sf]le8–!( nufot ljleGg sf/0fn] cd]l/sf / Sofg8fdf lbj+ut g]kfnL–efifL .
cd]l/sfdf cd]l/sfdf ;g\
o; c+sdf s] s] < (What is inside ?) @)@) sf] jif{ ;dLIff (Year review 2020)
@)@) dfr{ nfUbfnfUb} sf]/f]gf efO/; -sf]le8–!(_ rlDsPsf] lyof] . d c:ktfn–c:ktfn uP/ bf]efif]–;]jf lbg] dfG5]sf nflu cK7\of/f] lyof] . 8/ lyof] . To;}n] 3/aflx/ uP/ ug]{ sfd sl/a aGb ul/of] . To;f] eP, clk|n @$ sf lbg d ub}{ lyPF < em§ ;Demgf cfPg . lsg dnfO{ clk|n @$ g} ;Demg' k/]sf] 5 < clk|n @$ sf] dfq s] s'/f ;g\ @)@) g} cfPsf] / uPsf] s;/L laTof], Tof] dl:tissf] s'g} s'gfdf a;]sf] xf]nf Û km';{bdf kfgfx¿ klN6P
em}+ cfpnfg Û jif{ @)@) sf] To:t} of]hgfdf hgu0fgfdf rf;f] jif{ @)@) z'¿ x'Fbf To:tf] cfkm" st} hf]l8g k'luG5 eGg] lyof] . To;df Pp6f lyof], lyPg . c¿ jif{ h:t} of]hgf, cd]l/sL hgu0fgfdf cfˆgf / l;+uf] g]kfnL–efifL g]kfnLsf] ;xeflutf . ;d'bfosf lyP . d x'nd'n of] ;du|df s;/L xf]nf g¿rfpg] eP klg ;~rf/ eGg] lyof] . hgu0fgf jif{ sd{df oltsf jif{ latfPsfn] ;lsPsf] 5 . g]kfnLsf] s;/L of] ;d'bfosf sfdn] sxLF st} ;xeflutf eof], Tof] ;g\ 5f]OxfN5 . xf], To:t} of]hgfdf @)@! dfr{df kl/0ffd cfpFbf cfkm" st} hf]l8g k'luG5 eGg] b]lvPnf . lyof] . To;df Pp6f lyof], cd]l/sL hgu0fgfdf g]kfnLsf] ;xeflutf . of] ;du|df s;/L xf]nf eGg] lyof] . hgu0fgf jif{ ;lsPsf] 5 . g]kfnLsf] s;/L ;xeflutf eof], Tof] ;g\ af“sL k[i7 @ df
;Dkfbssf] Anuaf6
@ @)@! hgj/L, jif{ !! c+s !#(
o;n] 5f8]g . l;+uf] kl/jf/ k'gjf{;df cfPsfn] j[4fj[4f lgs} u'dfO/x]5, g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL ;d'bfo . To;sf] sf/0f sf]le8 / c¿ 5g\ . ;g\ @)@) sf] hgu0fgfdf g]kfnL sf]le8n] a;fO“ n]Vg] 7fp“ l;sfOPsf] gd"gf . sf]le8n] cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL a;f]af;sf] cj:yfdf sDkg @)@! dfr{df kl/0ffd cfpFbf Nofof] . To;df klg Go'of]s{ / b]lvPnf . Go'h;L{df a9L . sf]le8n] kl5Nnf hgu0fgfsf s'/f cfqmfGt w]/} g]kfnL of] ljZj ubf{ ;g\ !(() n] /fhwfgL;Fu labf dfu]/ cd]l/sfdf g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof @ nfvfkfvf nfu] . pgLx¿ xhf/ ^ ;o !^, ;g\ @))) ;/]sf /fHodf k]G;ne]lgof, gy{ n] ( xhf/ # ;o (( / ;g\ Sof/f]nfOgf, 6]S;;, cf]xfof] @)!) sf] hgu0fgfdf %( cflb /fHo a;fOF ;g]{ 5g\ . xhf/ $ ;o () b]vfPsf] 6]S;;df ;aeGbf w]/} lyof] . h'g jf:tljs g]kfnL 5Fb}5g\ eg] cf]xfof] / ;+VofeGbf lgs} sd xf] . k]G;ne]lgofdf ;a}eGbf w]/} cd]l/sfsf cflwsfl/s g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL klxn]b]lv lgsfox¿sf] cgf}krfl/s g} 5g\ . a'emfOdf oxfF $ b]lv % nfv k/f]If e]nf g]kfnL x'g'k5{ . k/f]If ÷ er{'cn eGg] zAb u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3 JofKt eof] . Sofg8f– -Pgcf/Pg_ cd]l/sfn] cd]l/sfdf rn]sf w]/}h;f] cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnLsf] g]kfnL–sIff k/f]If eP . lstfa ;+Vof ;g\ @)!& sf] hgj/Ldf ljdf]rg, slj ;Ddn]g, 5nkmn klxnf]k6s ;fj{hlgs ub}{ cflb ;fdflhs ;~hfndf b]v]/ eg]sf] lyof], æcd]l/sfdf b'O{ xf] ls sf]le8sfndf a9L g} nfv %! xhf/ g]kfnL b]lvP . ;Dd]ngx¿ ePgg\, 5g\ .æ o;f] eg]sf] klg dfG5] em'lDdPgg\, h'd cflbdf rf/ jif{ eO;Sof] . e]nf eP . cd]l/sfdf z/b sf]le8sf] df/ Ct' gnfUb} g]kfnL ;Dd]ngsf] ;+;f/nfO{ 5kSs sf]le8n] d]nf]df h'6\y] . 5f]Kbf Go'of]s{ w]/} k|efljt eof] . Go'of]s{ / Go'h;L{sf k/f]If ÷ er{'cn eGg] g]kfnL cfqmfGt eP . clgn zAb JofKt eof] . ;'Aafsf] lgwgaf6 g]kfnL Sofg8f–cd] l/sfdf rn]sf d"nsf afl;Gbfdf o;sf] k|efj w] / } h ;f] g] k fnL–sIffx? b]lvof] . z'¿df h;sf] d[To' k/f]If eP . lstfa eP klg ;dfrf/ ag] . b'O{ ljdf]rg, slj ;Ddn]g, bh{geGbf a9Lsf] d[To'kl5 5nkmn cflb ;fdflhs uGtL ug{ 5f8]h:tf] eof] . ;~hfndf b]v]/ xf] ls k]G;ne]lgof Xofl/;ju{sL rGb| sf]le8sfndf a9L g} 9sfnsf] sf]le8af6 ePsf] b]lvP . ;Dd]ngx? d[To' g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgLdf ePgg\, dfG5] em'lDdPgg\, ;+ejt klxnf] lyof] . g]kfnL– h'd cflbdf e]nf eP . efifL e"6fgL o'jfx¿nfO{ klg
P;f]l;P;g ckm g]lKnh Og ld8–j]:6 cd]l/sf -cfGdf_ tyf g]lKnh P;f]l;P;g Og ;fpb– O:6 cd]l/sf -gf;f_ n] ub}{ cfPsf] ;+o'Qm ;Dd]ng, b Pzf]l;P;g ckm g]lKnh Og cd]l/sfh -PPgP_ sf] ;Dd]ng cflb ;a} k/f]If eP . ;g\ !(*@ df :yfkgf ePsf] cfGdf / ;g\ !((! df :yfkgf ePsf] gf;fsf] pQm ;+o'Qm ;Dd]ng cd]l/sL n]a/ 8] -;]K6]Da/sf] klxnf] ;f]daf/_ df ;lsg] u/L cfof]hgf u5{g\ . cfGdf, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] dWo–klZrddf a:g] g]kfnLsf] ;+u7g xf] . gf;fn] cd]l/sfsf bz /fHoM ˆnf]l/8f, hlh{of, gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf, ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf, 6]g];L, cnfafdf, ldl;l;kL, csf{G;f;, n'lhofgf / s]G6sLsf g]kfnLnfO{ ;d]6\5 eg] cfGdfn] dWo–klZrdsf /fHosf g]kfnLnfO{ ;d]6\5 . ;g\ !(*# h'nfO{df :yflkt PPgPn] cd]l/sL :jtGqtf lbj; -h'nfO{ $_ df cfˆgf] ;Dd]ng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . gf;f, cd]l/sfdf Pgcf/Pg cd]l/sf / ÚPPgPÚ kl5 t]>f] 7"nf] / k|efjzfnL g]kfnL ;+:yf xf] . oL g]kfnL ;Dd]ngn] g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgLnfO{ ;d]6\b}g . ;f+:s[lts s]Gb|sf] /x/ sf]le8 eP klg ;f+:s[lts
elh{lgofsf] dgf;;df g]kfnLn] ;f+:s[lts s]Gb|sf nflu lsg]sf] ejg af“sL k[i7 # df
@)@! hgj/L, jif{ !! c+s !#(
# k]G;ne]lgofsf] ≈ofl/;ju{df lxGb" wd{ tyf ;f+:s[lts ;+u7g -cf]Prcf/;L_ n] lsg]sf] ejg cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL ljBfyL{ ;g\ @)@) df cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof !@ cf}+ :yfgdf b]lvP . cd]l/sfdf kl9/x]sf c? b]zsf ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof ljZn]if0f ub}{ s]Gb|sf] /x/ k"/f u/]/} gf]e]Da/df k|sflzt OlG:6Ro'6 5f8], g]kfnL / e"6fgL b'j} sf]le8 eP klg ;f+:s[lts ckm OG6/g];gn Ph's];g s]Gb|sf] /x/ k"/f u/]/} n] . elh{lgof /fHo / o; gfds ;+:yfåf/f k|sflzt 5f8], g]kfnL / e"6fgL b'j} cf;kf;sf g]kfnLn] ;f+:s[lts cf]kg 8'c;{ k|ltj]bgn] ;g\ n] . elh{lgof /fHo / o; s]Gb|sf nflu ejg lsg] . !& @)!( df # bzdnj * cf;kf;sf g]kfnLx?n] nfv 8n/sf] nfutdf pQm ;f+:s[lts s]Gb|sf nflu ejg k|ltzt ljBfyL{ 36]/ klg !@ ejg elh{lgofsf] dgf;;df xhf/ & ;o #) lsg] . pQm ejg elh{lgof 5 . #=! Ps8 If]qkmn ePsf] b]vfPsf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{ dgf;;df 5 . ptf pQm ejgdf sl/a @ ;o %) k]G;ne]lgofsf] Xofl/;ju{df ;g\ @)!*÷)!( of] ;+Vof b]lv # ;o;Dd ;jf/L ;fwg !# xhf/ @ ;o @( lyof] . lxGb" wd{ tyf ;f+:s[lts kfls{Ë ug{ ;lsG5 . ;+u7g -cf]Prcf/;L_ n] OlG:6Ro'6 ckm OG6/g];gn k]G;ne]lgofsf] Xofl/;ju{df cfˆg} ejg lsGof] . Ph's];g gfds ;+:yfn] lxGb" wd{ tyf ;f+:s[lts cd]l/sL ljb]z dGqfno ;+u7g -cf]Prcf/;L_ n] cfˆg} -;]qm]6/L ckm :6]6_ sf] ÚAo'/f] ejg lsGof] . !@ xhf/ %&@ kf]v/]nn] g]kfnL d"ndf gfd ckm Ph's];gn PG8 sNr/n prf] agfPF . d] dlxgfdf pgn] ckm]o;{Ú ;xof]udf jif]{lg pQm ju{ lkm6df km}lnPsf] pQm ejgsf] d"No !) nfv 8n/df cd]l/sg cfO8nsf] l;hg k|ltj]bg k|sflzt u5{ . @ nfv %) xhf/ 8fpg k]d]G6 !* df bf];|f pkflw xft kf/] . Úcf]kg 8'c;{Ú df ;g\ ul/Psf] lyof] . ejgsf] k|of]u cfy{/ ugsf gfdn] kl/lrt !((%÷(^ b]lv cd]l/sf g]kfnL–efiff sIffnfO{ lgoldt kf]v/]n ;g\ !((& cS6f]a/ cfPsf g]kfnL 5fq–5fqfsf] ug]{, ;flxTo–sIff rnfpg], ;a} @$ df sf7df8f}+df hGd]sf tYof+s kfOG5 . x'g\ . pgL sG;f; /fHosf] wfld{s sfo{x¿ ug]{, cflbdf ;8s b'3{6gfdf k/], sf]xL ul/g] elgPsf] 5 . b'j} vl/b ljlr6fdf a:5g\ . ;g\ pQ/ cd]l/sfsf oL b'O{ km]A?c/Ldf eP . To;kl5 c¿ @)!$ df cd]l/sf cfPsf d'n'sdf ;8s b'3{6gfaf6 7"n} x'g\ . ufos kf]v/]n cd]l/sg wghgsf] Iflt vl/b b]lvPgg\ . cd]l/sg cfO8ndf g]kfnL l76f] cfO8nsf] olt dfly k'Ug] pgL x'g]k5{ . ;g\ @)@) klxnf] g]kfnL x'g\ . ;g\ @)@) df lbj]z nfu]sf] ;ft lbg glaTb} Go'of]s{df k'¿iff]td kGyLsL >Ldlt ldgf tyf 5f]/fnfO{ kmf]xf]/ af]Sg] 6«sn] 7Ss/ lbFbf 5f]/f >Lhnsf] lgwg eof] . bz jif]{ >Lhnsf] :yfgLo PDx:6{ c:ktfndf pkrf/sf qmddf lgwg ePsf] lyof] . Sofg8fdf ePsf b'O{ ;8s b'3{6gfsf] ljifodf u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3 -Pgcf/ cd]l/sg cfO8ndf lbj]z kf]v/]n . af“sL k[i7 $ df
$ ljBfjfl/wL u/L cGt/f{li6«o ;8seGbf kfgL;Fu ;DalGwt d'b|f sf]ifdf jl/i7 cy{zf:qLsf b'3{6gf w]/} ckTofl/nf ?kdf ;g\ @))@ ;Dd b]lvPsf 5g\ . o:tf 36gf sfd ug{'ePsf] lyof] . b'j} Vofn} ul/Psf] 5}g . o;n] !( elh{lgofdf a:g'x'GYof] . b]lv @% jif{sf w]/} o'jfnfO{ clk|n @$ sf] k|;+udf nu]sf] 5 . cln dl;gf];Fu d clk|n @$ sf] k|;+udf x]g]{ xf] eg] xfdL w]/} cl3;Dd lyPF . xf], To;a]nf km/s ghfcf}+ . ;g\ @)!( / @)@) vfnsf] tgfj lyof] . dnfO{ nfO{ dfq x]/f}+ . g]kfnL efiff–;Dkfbgsf] s]xL sfd cfPsf] lyof] . d To;df Jo:t lyPF . d}n] clk|n @$ o'jf–o'jtLsf] ;+Vof cfPsf] / uPsf] kQ} kfOFg . a9]sf] b]lvof] . h"g @)!( d}n] u5{' eg]/ ;f]r]sf] sfd df 6]S;; /fHodf @# jifL{of gu/]sfn] dnfO{ of] lbg ofb k"hf yfkf, h'nfO{ @)!( df cfPsf] xf] . clk|nsf] @$ nfO{ Dof;Ro';]6\; /fHodf !& jifL{o l;kmfl/z ul/Psf cf}ifwL lkmtf{ ck"j{ b]jsf]6f, d] @)@) df ug]{ /fli6«o lbj;sf gfdn] d]l/Nof08 /fHodf @% jifL{o lrlgG5 . of] lbj;sf] p2]Zo cflzif s];L, h'nfO{ @)@) 8fS6/n] n]lvlbPsf t/ ldlt df 6]S;; /fHodf !( jifL{o gf3]sf jf sfd gnfUg] lxsf¿ uf}td tyf !( jifL{o cf}ifwLsf] ;'/lIft, ;'ljwfhgs, qLz/0f vqL Pp6} b'3{6gfdf, / lhDd]jf/k"0f{ lj;h{g ug{' h'nfO{d} 6]S;;d} @# jifL{of -tx nufpg'_ sf ;fy} o:tf clZdtf vgfn csf]{ b'3{6gfdf / cu:t, @)@) df ldg];f]6fdf @$ jifL{o cfz'tf]if bfxfnsf] lgwg eof] . cu:t @& df Sofg8fsf] cf]6fjf a:g] huGgfy / pld{nf cf]emfsf cf}ifwLsf] ;+efljt b'?kof]uk|lt 5f]/f ;f}uftsf] @( jif{sf] pd]/ cfdgful/snfO{ ;r]t df afy¿ddf lgwg ePsf] u/fpg' xf] . o;sf nflu ;do lyof] . o;df ;r]tgfsf] / ljleGg :yfgdf o:tf cf}ifwL cfjZostf eO;s]sf] 5 . lkmtf{ ug]{ jf tx nufpg] 7fpF 5fof“df k/]sf cj;fg tf]lsPsf x'G5g\ . w]/} t o:tf 5fofFdf k/], s]xL lgwg . 8f= cf}ifwL lyPgg\, h] hlt lyof], ;'vb]j ;fx, k|f= 8f= lji0f'k|;fb ˆofFSg' lyof] . kf}8]nsf] . kf}8]n clk|ndf ;g\ @)@) sf] clk|n @$ laTg'eof] . g]kfnnufot blIf0f uof], vf]k cfPsf] 5 . Pl;of;Fu cd]l/sfsf] ;DaGwdf sf]le8sf] tgfj sd 5 . Go" g]kfnL k|ltlglwTj ub}{ cfPsf gd{ndf s]xL ;lhnf] dx;'; k|f= 8f= lji0f'k|;fb kf}8]nsf] ePsf] 5 . kf]xf]/ pSt *( jif{sf] pd]/df lgwg eof] . /fli6«o lbj; cfOtaf/ k/]sf] ptf 8f= ;fxsf] lgwg cS6f]a/ /x]5, labfsf] lbg lyof] . !! df &* jif{sf] pd]/df o; jif{ clk|n @^ df pSt eof] . ;g\ !&&# df lbj; k/]sf] 5, ;f]daf/, cd]l/sfsf] Úo"lgel;{6L ckm sfdsf] lbg, la;{Gg eGg]df xjfO{af6 cy{zf:qdf kSsf 5' .
@)@! hgj/L, jif{ !! c+s !#(
Pg_ Sofg8f lgs} ;+j]bgzLn b]lvof] . Sofg8fdf g]kfnL d"nsf dflg; cd]l/sfsf] t'ngfdf yf]/} 5g\ . ;g\ @)!^ sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ Sofgf8fdf g]kfnL–efifLsf] ;+Vof !( xhf/ @() 5 . o;df g]kfnL–efifL elgPsfn] g]kfnL / g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL b'j} k5{g\ . g]kfn d"n /fi6« ePsf g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf eGg'kbf{ %) xhf/ elgG5 . 6f]/G6f]–O6f]ljsf]sdf cu:t !! df ePsf] ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf # jifL{o afns /fog e§/fO{sf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] . /fog O6f]ljsf]sdf cfˆgf a'af /d]z / cfdf ;ljgf kf7ssf ;fy lbbL tf/f;Fu a:y] . af6f] sf6\bf pQm b'3{6gf ePsf] lyof] . kl/jf/sf c¿ 3fOt] eP . To:t} xl/ clwsf/LnfO{ gf]e]Da/ !^ laxfg cfjZos ;fdfg lng ahf/ lg:s]sf a]nf pgnfO{ XofldN6gdf af6f] sf6\b} ubf{ Pp6f 6«sn] 7Ss/ lbof] . l;ls:t 3fOt] pgnfO{ 6f]/G6f]sf] XofldN6gl:yt hg/n xl:k6n t nluof] . t/ pgsf] lgwg eof] . otf cd]l/sfdf gf]e]Da/ ;'/]z >]i7sf] lgwg eof] . clwsf/L gjnk/f;Lsf] u}+8fsf]6sf lyP eg] >]i7 uf]/vfsf . ;8sdf eGbf kfgLdf w]/} ;8seGbf kfgL;Fu ;DalGwt b'3{6gf w]/} ckTofl/nf b]lvPsf 5g\ . o:tf 36gfnfO{ Vofn} ul/Psf] 5}g . o;n] !( b]lv @% jif{sf w]/} o'jfx¿nfO{ nu]sf] 5 . cln dl;gf];Fu x]g]{ xf] eg] xfdL w]/} cl3;Dd ghfcf}+ . ;g\ @)!( / @)@) nfO{ dfq x]/f}+ . kfgLsf] b'3{6gfdf k/]/ cd]l/sfdf Hofg u'dfpg] g]kfnL–d"nsf
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ z"Go ;fnsf s'/f
o:tf] klg ;'lgG5, z"Go ;fn cz'e x'G5 . st} !# tfl/v / z'qmaf/ cz'e x'G5 . sfnf] la/fnf]n] af6f] sf6] cz'e x'G5 . oL ;a cGwljZjf; x'g\ . hGd]sf], x's]{sf], k9]–a9]sf] ynf]eGbf k/ ha ljklQ cfpF5, dgdf w]/}yf]s pAhG5g\ . oL o:t} cz'e dflgg] s'/f dgdf cfpF5g\ . ;g\ @)@) df r/d dxfdf/L lyof] . o;df cz'esf s'/fnfO{ hf]8\g' c1fg xf] . slnsf s'/f Nofpg' d'v{tf xf] . of] j}1flgs o'udf lj1fgnfO{ dfGg' 1fgL x'g' xf], z'e x'g' xf] . dxfdf/Ldf lj1fg ;To xf], zt k|ltzt ;To xf] . h;n] a'em\of], Tof] 1fgL xf] . h;n] lj1fgnfO{ dfGof], Tof] 1fgL xf] . clg ;g\ @)@) xfd|f nflu lzIff klg xf] . wGojfb
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada Building Community of New Hampshire, 530 Chestnut St., Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com