Aksharica - 047 (अक्षरिका- ०४७)

Page 1

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http://gyanjyotikendra.org

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cd]l/sfsf] If]q©n sl/a #& nfv !& xhf/ ju{ dfOn 5 . oxfF %) /fHo 5g\ . ;a} /fHo ;fgf ef}uf]lns PsfO ldn]/ ag]sf x'G5g\ . oL ;fgf PsfOnfO{ sfpG6L (County) elgG5 . cd]l/sfdf # xhf/ ! ;oeGbf a9L sfpG6Lx? 5g\ . n'lhofgf (Louisiana) /fHodf sfpG6LnfO{ kfl/; (Parish) elgG5, h;sf] cy{ …6f]nÚ, …OnfsfÚ jf …a:tLÚ x'G5 . cnf:sf (Alaska) df sfpG6LnfO{ a/f] (Borough) cd]l/sfsf %) /fHo / elgG5, h;sf] cy{ …gu/Ú l8l:6« S6 ckm sf]nlDaof x'G5 .

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c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL -15_ klqsf lsg /f]lsof] < ;Dkfbs Ho", dnfO{ …cIfl/sfÚ klqsf cfO/x]sf] lyof] . xfn lsg /f]lsof] < dnfO{ yfxf ePg . s[kof klqsf k7fOlbg'x'G5 xf]nf eGg] cfzf 5 .

kz'klt Gof}kfg]

gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf -xfdLn] pxfFnfO{ klqsf k7fpg yfn]sf 5f}+ . – ;Dkfbs_

;Dkfbs Ho", dxÎjk"0f{ hfgsf/L k7fpg'ePsf]df e'6lgh sDo'lg6L ckm ;fn]{6 (Bhutanese Community of Charlotte) sf tkm{af6 wGojfb .

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c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ sl/a # xhf/ zAb eP k'U5, tLdWo]sf] kGw|f}+ ;"rL -efu !%_ • bar :

uhjf/, tuf/f], tfnf], kftf, 5]saf/, 5]sf, af/, cfUnf], 58, nf7f], /f]s, jsLn ju{, sfg'gj]Qfx?sf] ;+:yf, cnUofpg', 5]Sg', /f]Sg', k:g glbg' . • bare : v'nf, a'Rrf], l/Qf], l/Qm, lge{if0f, gfªuf], k|s6 ug'{, vf]Ng', yfKg' . • bargain : qmo–ljqmo, lsga]r, ;f}bf, df]n ug'{, gfkmf ug'{, df]n 36fpg' . • bark : af]qmf, l5nsf, e'sfO, uf]nLsf] cfjfh, vf]sL, pSsfpg', bk{m¥ofpg', e'Sg', RoFflÝg', /Gsg', ems{g', em8lËg', s'ln{g' . • barn : vnf], af]6af6 cGgnfO{ 5'6\ofpg] 7fpF, k/fn cflb /fVg] 7fpF, s[lif–pTkfbgsf] yfGsf] nufpg'cl3 sfd ul/g] :yfg . • barrier : tuf/f], 5]sf, cf8 .

• base : lk+w,

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la6 dfbf{dfb}{ s:tf] nfU5 < cIfl/sfsf w]/} z'e]R5'sx¿ x'g'x'G5 . pxfFx¿n] …cIfl/sfÚ k|lt b]vfPsf] ;b\efj xfdLnfO{ k|fKt x'g] Od]nx¿n] emNsfpF5g\ . of] ;b\efj pxfFn] k7fPsf] Od]n / xfdLn] lbg] k|To'Q/df ;lsGYof] . ut dlxgfsf] …cIfl/sfÚn] Pp6f rf;f]sf] ljifodf Pp6f Od]naf6 k|fKt hfgsf/L 5fk]sf] lyof] . xfdLn] o;nfO{ …xfd|f] rf;f]Ú eGg] :tDe gfd lbPsf lyof}+ . Pp6f rf;f] lyof] . 5flkof] . ;lsof] eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] . xf]Og /x]5 . of] kqsf sf/0f xfdLnfO{ yf]/} xf};nf ldNof] . xfdLn] kf7ssf Od]nx¿nfO{ lgoldt kqsf ¿kdf 5fKg] ;f]r agfof}+ . o; c+saf6 lgoldt u¥of}+ . o;sf] cy{ ca tkfO{+nfO{ nfu]sf] s'g} rf;f]sf ljifodf yk Od]n n]Vg' x'g]5 eGg] cfzf a9]sf] 5 . wGojfb

Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, Website : www.aksharica.com, Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya


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