sd k9fO, /fd|f] sdfO sfd vf]Hg]x?n] hfGg}kg]{
^cIfl/sf
;tg cfrfo{
@)!# gf]e]Da/ jif{ $ c+s %#
k[i7sf]
df lgMz'Ns lstfasf nflu kmf/d
o; c+sdf s] s] <
x/]s
dlxgf olt dflg; /f]huf/ eP, /f]huf/L a9\of] eGg] ;dfrf/ k9\5f}÷+ ;'G5f}+ . cfˆg} 3/df s;}sf] hflu/ hfG5 t s'g} a]/f]huf/n] sfd kfpF5 . xfdL ;w}+ sfdsf s'/f u5f}{+ . sfdsf s'/f ubf{ s;}– ;Fu s] ;Lk 5 eGg] ljifo p7\5 . s;n] s] ;Lk hfg]sf] lyof] / hflu/ kfof] < s'g sfd yf]/} k9]/ kfOG5 < w]/} k9]/ klg lsg sf]xL yf]/} sdfpF5g\ < >d;DaGwL sfd ug]{ ;/sf/L ljefu …Ao'/f] ckm n]a/ :6fl6l:6S;\Ú (Bureau of Labor Statistics) af6 k|sflzt tYofª\snfO{ @$÷& jfn l:6«6, PnPn;L (24/7 Wall St., LLC) gfds Ps ;+:yfn] s]nfPsf] 5, / dflysf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 . sfd vf]hL– /xg]n] o:tf] hfgsf/L /fVg cfjZos klg x'g;S5 .
g
w]/} k9fO, sd sdfO=====#
g
cf}nf] a9\of]======================%
g
d x'FM p8\;L cfjn========%
g
;6–8fpg s] xf] <==========%
sd k9fO, /fd|f] sdfO
g
ltly–ldltM !%!#=========%
g
kmf/d================================^
cd]l/sfsf] sl/a Ps– ltxfO hg;+Vofn] sn]h l8u|L (College Degree) k"/f u/]sf]
g
gful/s k|Zg–pQ/========^
g
rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb======^
n n
cd]l/sfdf sn]h l8u|L geP/ klg /fd|f] cfDbfgL x'g] k]zf–Joj;fo s:tf 5g\ < o;af/] k[i7 ! af6 n]lvPsf] 5 . lgs} k9]/ klg sdfO sd x'g] k]zf–Joj;fo s] s] x'g\ < o;af/] k[i7 # df n]lvPsf] 5 . n n
5 . s'g} hflu/sf nflu cfj]bg lbFbf Uo|fh'o6 (Graduate) x'g'k5{ elgPsf] x'G5 t/ Uo|fh'o6n] hflu/ vfg s'g} Uof/]G6L ub}{g . ultnf] hflu/nfO{ :gftsf]Q/ (Master) jf ljBfjfl/wL (Doctorate) k"/f u/]sf] x'g'k5{ eg]/ dfluG5 . t/ s'g} sn]h–lzIff gx'Fbf klg s]xL vfnsf sfd ug]{n] ;g\ @)!@ df jif{sf] ^) xhf/ 8n/;Dd sdfPsf] kfOof] . sn]h guPsf jf xfO:s"n– dfq k"/f u/]sfn] w]/} sdfpg] bzf}+ xhf/ sfd cd]l/sL ahf/df ePsf] @$÷&
jfn l:6«6 hgfpF5 . oL sfddWo] s'g} sfd xfO:s"n k"/f u/]nuQ} kfOg] klg 5g\ . :gfts tx grflxP klg tflnd rflxg ;S5g\ . slt t tNnf] txdf s]xL jif{ sfd u/]kl5 dflyNnf] txdf k'Ug] -a9'jf x'g]_ klg 5g\ . oL sfddf cln hf]lvd x'g] ePsfn] Ifltk"lt{ /fd|f] 5 . s:tf x'g\ t tL sfd < oxfF To:tf d'Vo & sfdaf/] n]lvPsf] 5M • Pc/nfOg kfOn6, sf]–kfOn6\; / ˆnfO6 OlGhlgo/ (Airline Pilots, Copilots and Flight Engineers)
of] ju{ sd k9fO / /fd|f] sdfOsf] ;"rLsf] ;aeGbf a9L sdfpg] ju{ xf] . ;g\ @)!@ df o; ju{sf] cf};st jflif{s cfo ! nfv !$ xhf/ @ ;o 8n/ lyof] eg] rf/dWo] Ps hgfn] ! nfv %$ xhf/ ! ;o 8n/;Dd sdfPsf] kfOof] . ljdfg;]jfsf oL k]zfsdL{{x?sf] ;+Vof ^^ xhf/ @ ;o &) lyof] .
afFsL csf]{ k]hdf
@
Repairers)
of] ;"rLsf] ;aeGbf a9L sdfpg]df bf];|f] xf] . o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL &^ xhf/ ^ ;o %) 8n/ lyof] . of] k]zfdf !( xhf/ & ;o dflg; sfo{/t lyP . of] sfd ubf{ cln nfdf] ;do cWofF/f], ;fFu'/f] 7fpFdf latfpg'k5{ . t/ sfd /fd|/L ug{ cg'ej / 1fg kof{Kt x'g'k5{ . of] sfd ug{ slDtdf rf/ jif{ tNnf] txdf a;]/ l;s]sf] x'g'k5{ eg] ljB't, ljB'tLo l;4fGt, ul0ft / Jofjxfl/s ef}ltszf:q (Applied physics) k9\g'k5{ . tflnd eg] cfkm"n] k};f kfpg] u/L klg lng] Joj:yfx¿ 5g\ . o:tf] sfd ug{ cfkm" ;w}+ :j:Yo÷tGb'¿:t cj:yfdf x'g'k5{ . • cf0fljs pmhf{ s]Gb| ;~rfns
(Nuclear Power Reactor Operators)
of] ;"rLsf] ;aeGbf a9L sdfpg]df t];|f] ju{ xf] . o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL &$ xhf/ ( ;o () 8n/ lyof] . of] k]zfdf & xhf/ ! ;o $) dflg; sfo{/t lyP . o:tf] sfd ug]{dWo] a9L
n n
sd k9fO, a9L sdfO • Pc/nfOg kfOn6, sf]–kfOn6\; / ˆnfO6 OlGhlgo/ • Plne]6/ h8fg / dd{tstf{{ • cf0fljs pmhf{ s]Gb| ;~rfns • hf;'; / ck/fw cg';Gwftf • pmhf{ ljt/s • km]zg l8hfOg/ • ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf rfns n n
sdfpg] !) k|ltztsf] cfDbfgL (& xhf/;Dd lyof] . o; k]zfdf sfd ug]{nfO{ pmhf{– lgsfNg] oGqsf] lgoGq0fsf] lhDd]jf/L x'G5 . ul0ft / lj1fgsf] kof{Kt hfgsf/L x'g h¿/L x'G5 . xfO:s"neGbf dfly k9]sf] x'g'k5{ eGg] 5}g . t/ sfo{:ynd} lgs} sl7g tflnd eg] k"/f ug'{k5{ . sfdsf] nfO;]G; kfPkl5 pmhf{ lgsfNg] ;+oGq ;~rfngsf] k/LIff k|To]s jif{ plQ0f{ ug'{k5{ eg] nfO;]G; k|To]s ^ jif{df gjLs/0f ug'{k5{ . of] lgs} uxg lhDd]jf/Lsf] sfd l;kfn' tl/sfn] ug{ plQs} h¿/L 5 . • hf;'; / ck/fw cg';Gwftf (Nuclear Power Reactor Operators)
of] ;"rLsf] a9L sdfpg]df rf}yf] ju{ xf] . o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] cf};t jflif{s cfDbfgL &$ xhf/ # ;o 8n/ lyof] . of] k]zfdf ! nfv ( xhf/ @ ;o #) dflg; sfo{/t lyP . o:tf] sfd ug]{dWo] !) k|ltztsf] cfDbfgL ! nfv @@ xhf/ ( ;o () 8n/;Dd kfOof] . of] k]zfdf cfpg'cl3 w]/}h;f] dflg;x¿ k|x/L clwsf/Lsf ¿kdf sfd u5{g\ . k|x/L /xFb} hf;'; / ck/fw cg';Gwftfsf ljleGg tflnd kfPsf jf lnPsf
@)!# gf]e]Da/, jif{ $ c+s %#
w]/}h;f] kfOn6n] :gfts tx (bachelor’s degree) ;s]sf 5g\ . sltkon] ;}lgs;]jfdf sfdsf] cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf jf ˆnfO6 :s"ndf k9]sf 5g\ . Jofj;flos kfOn6, hf] ofq' jf ;fdfg af]Sg] ljdfgsf rfns x'G5g\, pgLx¿nfO{ Jofj;flos ljdfgrfnssf] nfO;]G; cfjZos x'g'sf ;fy} df};d k|lts"n ePsf ljz]if cj:yfdf p8fg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf rflxG5 . • Plne]6/ -lnˆ6_ h8fg / dd{t ug]{ (Elevator Installers and
x'G5g\ . s'zn ;~rf/–Ifdtf, l;k, g]t[Tj–Ifdtf, tTsfn lg0f{o ug{;Sg] cflb x'g'k5{ . k|x/Lh:t} tgfj / vt/fdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] x'g'k5{ . • pmhf{ ljt/s (Power distributors and dispatchers)
of] ;"rLsf] ;aeGbf a9L sdfpg]df kfFrf}+ xf] . o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL &! xhf/ ^ ;o () 8n/ lyof] . of] k]zfdf !! xhf/ % ;o () dflg; sfo{/t lyP . lah'nL pTkfbgaf6 ljt/0fsf laGb';Dd x]/ljrf/ ug]{ oL k]zfsdL{df cfktdf dd{t ug]{ / cGtaf6 lah'nL hf]8]/
cfk"tL{ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L x'G5 . of] hf]lvdsf] sfd xf] . o;df klg sfo{:yns} tflnd / nfO;]G; rflxG5 . • km]zg l8hfOg/ (Fashion de-
c+u|]hL–g]kfnL, g]kfnL–c+u|]hL l8S;g/L
signers)
of] ;"rLsf] a9L sdfpg]df 5}6f}+ xf] . o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] cf};t jflif{s cfDbfgL ^@ xhf/ * ;o ^) 8n/ kfOof] . of] k]zfdf !^ xhf/ % ;o ^) dflg; sfo{/t lyP . o:tf] sfd ug]{dWo] !) k|ltztsf] cfDbfgL ! nfv @^ xhf/ ^) ;Dd lyof] . o; k]zfdf w]/} / yf]/} sdfpg]aLr 7"nf] cGt/ 5 . ;aeGbf sd sdfpg]n] #$ xhf/ ! ;o !) 8n/ sdfPsf] kfOof] . xfO:s"n;Ddsf] lzIff, km]zg;DaGwL ;fwf/0f 1fg,
afFsL csf]{ k]hdf
• c+u|]hLaf6 g]kfnL !@ xhf/ zAbsf] cy{ / g]kfnLaf6 c+u|]hL !% xhf/ zAbsf] cy{ ePsf] . • %)$ k[i7sf] . • d"No !^ 8n/ .
lstfa rflxPdf M
http://gyanjyotikendra.org
df uP/ ‘k':tssf] dfu’ jf Order Books df lSns ug'{xf];\ . ToxfF qm]l86÷ 8]la6–sf8{ jf r]sdfkm{t lstfa kfpg] tl/sf pNn]v 5 .
# @)!# gf]e]Da/, jif{ $ c+s %#
w]/} k9fO, sd sdfO @$÷& jfn l:6«6n] …Ao'/f] km/s / ;f]r]eGbf sd 5 . ckm n]a/ :6fl6l:6S;\Ú sf] • dgf]/~hgsf] aGbf]a:tsdL{
cd]l/sfdf rlr{t g]kfnsf km]zg l8hfOg/ k|an u'?ª sDKo'6/sf] ;xfotf of] k]zfdf nfu]sfsf ;xfos x'g\ . km]zg ug]{x¿ cfˆg} Joj;fodf klg 5g\ . o; k]zfdf s'g} 7"nf km]zg l8hfOg/sf] r]nf] eP/ sfd yfNg]x¿ w]/} b]lvG5g\ . • ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf rfns (Subway and street car operators)
of] ;"rLsf] ;ftf}+ xf] . o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL ^@ xhf/ & ;o #) 8n/ lyof] . of] k]zfdf * xhf/ & ;o %) dflg; lyP . o:tf] sfd ug]{dWo] !) k|ltztsf] cfDbfgL &# xhf/ % ;o () ;Dd b]lvof] . ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwg labfsf lbg klg rNg] ePsfn] rfnssf] sdfO 36a9 x'G5 . /]nx¿ hldgd'lg klg rNg] ePsfn] of] sfd ug]{nfO{ 7"nf] / dxÎjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L x'G5 . ;8ssf ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf ;8s–lgod hfGg] / ofq';Fu af]Ng'kg]{ ePsfn] ofq'd}qL x'g' h¿/L 5 .
csf]{ k|ltj]bgdf eg] w]/} k9]/ sd sdfpg]sf] ;"rL 5 . /fd|f] lzIff cfjZos kg]{ k]zf ckfgfpg]n] yf]/} sdfpg] u/]sf oL pbfx/0f x'g\ . ;g\ @)!! df :gfts ;Sg] Ps–ltxfO{ ljBfyL{dfly k9\g lnPsf] C0f 5 . :6'8]G6 8]la6 (Student Debit) sf cg';f/ Ps ljBfyL{a/fa/ sl/a @% xhf/ lzIff C0f 5 . Psflt/ C0f 5, csf{lt/ tL a]/f]huf/ 5g\ . lzIff lnP/ dfq sxfF x'Fbf] /x]5 / < pRr lzIff eP/ klg lhDd] jf/L k"/f ubf{ sd sdfpg] d'Vo & sfdx¿ o:tf 5g\M • lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw (Legislators)
lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwsf] cfo of] ;"rLsf] ;aeGbf sd sdfpg]df k5{ . o:tf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsfn] jflif{s cfDbfgL !( xhf/ & ;o *) 8n/ kfOof] . of] lhDd] jf/L jxg ug]{ %^ xhf/ & ;o ^) lyP . o:tf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{dWo] !) k|ltztsf] cfDbfgL !^ xhf/ $ ;o &) ;Dd lyof] . hglgjf{lrt k|ltlglw tnasf nflu xf]Ogg\ . pgLx?n] cf}krfl/s tflnd jf lzIffsf] vf; tx k"/f u/]sf] x'g'k5{ eGg] 5}g . s]xL cj:yfdf pgL cd]l/sL gful/s x'g'k5{ eg] sxLF pd]/ tf]lsPsf] x'G5 . z}lIfs–:t/ gtf]s] klg w]/}h;f] hgk|ltlglw :gfts -w]/}h;f] sfg'g / jfl0fHodf_ 5g\ . :yfgLo jf /fli6«o k|ltlglwsf] cfDbfgL km/s–
(Recreation Workers)
of] ;"rLsf] cln a9L sdfpg]df dgf]/~hgsf] aGbf]a:t ug]{ k]zfsdL{ x'g\ . pgLx¿sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL @@ xhf/ @ ;o $) 8n/ kfOof] . o:tf k]zfsdL{x¿ # nfv ( xhf/ & ;o #) lyP . o:tf] sfd ug]{dWo] a9L sdfpg] !) k|ltztsf] cfDbfgL #* xhf/ & ;o %) ;Dd lyof] . yf]/} sdfpg]sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL !& xhf/ dfq klg b]lvof] . SofDk (camp) hfg]sf nflu ;Nnfxsf/ o;sf] z'¿jftL sfd xf] . SofDk hfg] afnaflnsfsf] lgu/fgLaf6 pgLx¿sf] hflu/ z'¿ x'G5 . l;Sb} hfFbf pgLx¿n] yk lhDd]jf/L kfpg] xf] . ;fgf]–ltgf] sfdsf :gfts grflxP klg cTofjZos ;]jf cfjZos x'g] JolStsf nflu of] k]zfdf nfUg]n] :gfts jf :gftsf]Q/ u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . • /]l8of] / 6]lnlelhgsf pb\3f]ifs (Radio and Television Announcers)
of] ;"rLsf] sd sdfpg]df t];|f] :yfgsf k]zfsdL{ x'g\, /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgsf pb\3f]ifs . pgLx¿sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL @* xhf/ @) 8n/ kfOof] . ;g\ @)!@ df o:tf k]zfsdL{x¿ #! xhf/ # ;o $) lyP . o:tf] sfd ug]{dWo] sd sdfpg] @% k|ltztsf] cfo !( xhf/ % ;o #) ;Dd lyof] . logLx¿n] hgtfnfO{ tftf] hfgsf/L dfq lb+b}gg\, n]v / ;dfrf/x¿ ;Dkfbg u5{g\,
afFsL csf]{ k]hdf
$
Technicians)
of] ;"rLsf] sd sdfpg]df rf}yf] :yfgsf k]zfsdL{ x'g\ . pgLx¿sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL #) xhf/ ^ ;o ^) 8n/ kfOof] . o:tf k]zfsdL{x¿ ! nfv @ ;o #) lyP . o:tf] sfd ug]{dWo] !) k|ltztsf] cfo !* xhf/ $ ;o #) ;Dd lyof] . k':tsfno k|fljlwssf] sfd /]vb]v ug]{ JolStb]lv lstfasf] ljj/0f /fVg], k':tsfnosf ;b:onfO{ k':ts lbg]÷lng], k':tsfnosf] k|ljlwaf/] ljBfyL{nfO{ sIff lbg], lzIfsx¿sf nflu k':tsfnoaf/] kf7\oqmd agfpg]
n n
a9L k9fO, sd sdfO • lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw • dgf]/~hgsf] aGbf]a:tsdL{ • /]l8of] / 6]lnlelhgsf lxHh] hfFRbfsf ;+s]tx¿ pb\3f]ifs • k':tsfno k|fljlws • :gfts lzIf0f • efiffsf] z'4fz'l4 hfFRg] / uNtL ;xfos • efiffsf] z'4fz'l4 lrGx nufpg] (Proofreaders hfFRg] / uNtL lrGx nufpg] and Copy Markers) • k'gjf{; k/fdz{bftf of] ;"rLsf] sd sdfpg]df n n 5}6f}+ :yfgsf k]zfsdL{ x'g\ . cflb sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L x'G5 . pgLx¿sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL #@ w]/}h;f] nfOa|]l/Ogx¿ :gfts xhf/ & ;o *) 8n/ kfOof] . o:tf k]zfsdL{x¿ !! xhf/ # tx ;s]sf 5g\ . Ao'/f]sf cg';f/ ;fgf ;o lyP . o:tf] sfd ug]{dWo] k':tsfnodf xfO:s"n k"/f !) k|ltztsf] cfDbfgL @) u/]sfdfq nfOa|]l/ogsf ¿kdf xhf/ ! ;o;Dd lyof] . pgLx¿sf] sfd s;}n] n]v]sf] lgo'St 5g\ . ;fdu| Ldf efiffsf] z'4fz'l4 k':tsfno k|fljlws x'g x] g { ' / uNtL ePsf] eP lrGx klxn] ;xfossf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f nufpg] xf] . pgLx¿ efiffdfq ubf{ klg x'G5 . • :gfts lzIf0f ;xfos (Grad- x]b}{gg\ . d"n k|ltaf6 tYo– tYof+s bfFh]/ unt / ;xL 5'6\ uate Teaching Assistant) of] ;"rLsf] sd sdfpg]df ofpF5g\ . cf]*g]6 cgnfOg :gfts lzIf0f ;xfosx? kfFrf}+ (O*Net online) gfds ;+:yfsf :yfgsf k]zfsdL{ x'g\ . ;g\ cg';f/ sl/a () k|ltzt efiff @)!@ df pgLx¿sf] jflif{s z'4fz'l4 x]g]{ k]zfsdL{n] slDtdf cfDbfgL #! xhf/ @ ;o &) :gfts tx k"/f u/]sf 5g\ . 8n/ kfOof] . o:tf k]zfsdL{x¿ • k'gjf{; k/fdz{bftf (Rehabili! nfv @) xhf/ ! ;o ^) tation Counselors) of] ;"rLsf] sd sdfpg]df lyP . o:tf] sfd ug]{dWo] @% k|ltzt -sl/a #) xhf/sf] ;ftf}+ :yfgsf k]zfsdL{ x'g\ . ;+Vof_ sf] cfDbfgL !( xhf/ pgLx¿sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL ## xhf/ * ;o *) 8n/ kfOof] . % ;o;Dd lyof] . lzIf0f ;xfosx¿ cfkm"eGbf o:tf k]zfsdL{x¿ ! nfv $ dflyNnf txsf k|fWofks xhf/ &) hgf lyP . o:tf] sfd cflbsf ;xfos x'g\ . of] 5f]6f] ug]{dWo] dflyNnf !) k|ltztsf] cfDbfgL ^) xhf/;Dd / cjlwsf] /f]huf/L xf] . cfˆg} txsf] k9fO{sf] Ps tnsf !) k|ltztsf] @) xhf/ c+zsf ¿kdf pgLx¿n] ljBfyL{n] 8n/;Dd lyof] . gLlh ;DklQ, 3/Jojxf/, lbPsf] hfFrsf] slk hfFRg], ;fdflhs cj:yf cflb nyflnª k|fWofksx¿nfO{ cg';Gwfgdf ePkl5 ljleGg ;'emfj Pjd\ ;3fpg], tNnf] txsf] kf7\oqmd ;xfotf lgdf{0f ug]{ / ljBfyL{x¿;Fu Joj:yfkgdfkm{t\ lgoldt ¿kdf 5nkmn ug]{ ug]{x¿ k'gjf{; k/fdz{bftf x'g\ . h:tf sfd ug'{k5{ .
@)!# gf]e]Da/, jif{ $ c+s %#
lj1fkg agfpF5g\, cGtjf{tf{ lnG5g\ / ;dLIff tof/ kf5{g\, ;fwf/0f pb\3f]ifs x'g xfO:s"n k"/f u/]sf] eP x'G5 . t/ …Ao'/f] ckm n]a/ :6fl6l:6S;\Ú sf cg';f/ pb\3f]ifs x'g]n] kqsfl/tfdf :gfts ;s]sf] x'g'k5{ . Ps–ltxfO{eGbf a9L pb\3f]ifsx¿ :gfts tx k"/f u/]sf 5g\ . t/ sdfO eg] sd 5 . • k':tsfno k|fljlws (Library
@)!# gf]e]Da/, jif{ $ c+s %#
%
p8\;L cfjn
cdc.gov
cf}nf] a9\of]
cd]l/sfdf $) jif{s} otf ;aeGbf a9L cf}nf]
(Malaria)
sf la/fdL km]nf k/]sf 5g\ . ;]G6;{ km/ l8lhh sG6«f]n PG8 lk|e]G;g (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CDC) sf cg';f/ ;g\ @)!! df ! xhf/ ( ;o @% cf}nf]sf la/fdL km]nf k/]sf x'g\ . ut dlxgf -cS6f]a/_ cGTodf pSt ;+:yfåf/f hf/L Ps l/kf]6{cg';f/ ;g\ !(&! kl5sf] of] ;+Vof ;aeGbf a9L xf] eg] ;g\ @)!) eGbf !$ k|ltzt a9]sf] kfOPsf] xf] . cf}nf]sf] ;d:of aflx/af6 cfPsf] cg';Gwfgn] b]vfPsf] 5 . o;df b'O{–ltxfO{ clk|msfaf6 cfPsf] 5 eg] b]zdf ;aeGbf a9L ef/taf6 cfPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cf}nf] hgj/L / cu:tdf a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . kf]yL nfdv'§] -dR58_ Pgf]lkmln;n] 6f]Sbf ;g]{ k/hLljsf sf/0f cf}nf] x'G5 . cf}nf]sf nIf0f ljleGg x'G5g\ . t/ d'Vo nIf0f eg] Hj/f] cfpg' xf] .
d p8\;L cfjn (Woodsy Owl) x'F . d pNn' -nf6sf];]/f]_ x'F. d cd]l/sL jg ljefu (United States Forest Service) sf] lrGx x'F. d]/f] sfd % b]lv * jif{sf afnaflnsfnfO{ k|s[lt ;+/If0faf/] lzIff lbg' xf] . nnn
d]/f] kmf]6f] klxnf]k6s ;g\ !(&) df NofOPsf] xf]. t/ ;g\ !(&! b]lv rng– rNtLdf NofOPsf] xf] . d]/f] gf/f Lend a hand - care for the land! xf] . nnn
;/sf/ aGb
(Government shutdown) cS6f]a/ dlxgf nfu]kl5 xfdLn] sfjf{xL 7Kk x'g] of] cj:yf g} ;/sf/ aGb jf ;6–8fpg (shutdown) eGg] ;'Gof}+ . ;6–8fpg eg]sf] s] xf] < cd]l/sfsf] cfly{s jif{ cS6f]a/ ! df z'¿ x'G5 / csf]{ jif{sf] ;]K6]Da/ cGTodf ;lsG5 . cfly{s jif{ z'¿ ePkl5 ;/sf/ / o;sf lgsfo rnfpg vr{ lgsf; ug'{k5{ . vr{ ;/sf/n] lgsf; ug{'cl3 ;+;b\df k|:tfj kfl/t ug'{k5{ . olb ;+;b\n] k|:tfj kfl/t u/]g eg] ;/sf/ rNb}g . ;/sf/L sfd–
;6–8fpg xf] . of] jif{ ;]K6]Da/ #) b]lv cS6f]a/ !^ ;Dd ;6–8fpg eof] . ;+;b\sf b'O{ ;bgM l;g]6 / xfp; ckm l/k|h]G6]l6e b'j}df Ps} bnsf] ax'dt eP k|:tfj kfl/t ;lhnf] x'G5 . b'O{dWo] s'g} Psdf ljkIfsf] ax'dt eP kfl/t x'g sl7g x'G5 . cd]l/sL Oltxf;df of] gofF xf]Og . cfdgful/s÷jfl;GbfnfO{ cK7\of/f] kg]{ eP klg k|hftGqdf o:tf :jefljs dflgG5 .
1513
cd]l/sf kQfnufpg] Oltxf;;Fu ;DalGwt 5, ;g\ !%!# dfr{ @& . To; lbg :k]gsf x'Fcf kf]G; b] lnof]F (Juan Ponce de León) cd]l/sfsf] ˆnf]l/8f (Florida) k'u]sf lyP . pgnfO{ :k]gsf] /fh;+:yfn] k'c6f]{ l/sf] (Puerto Rico) sf] klxnf] ueg{/ lgo'St u/]sf] lyof] . pgn] klxnf] o'/f]k]nL vf]hofqf ˆnf]l/8f k'¥ofP / ˆnf]l/8fsf] gfd /flvlbPsf x'g\ .
^
ist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers.)
– -h]D;_ Dofl8;g [(James) Madison]
– -cn]Sh]G8/_ ≈ofldN6g [(Alexander) Hamilton] – hf]g h] [(John) Jay]
@)!# gf]e]Da/, jif{ $ c+s %#
;+ljwfgsf kIfdf gful/s k/LIff (Civic Test) sf] lstfasf] k|Zg ^& / pQ/M à ;+3Lotfsf kÔdf k|sflzt ‘km]8/fln:6\ k]k;{’ n]v–>[+vnfn] cd]l/sL ;+ljwfg kfl/tsf kIfdf jsfnt u/]sf lyP . To:tf n]v n]Vg] s'g} Ps n]vssf] gfd eGg'xf];\ . (The Federal-
cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; -;xof]uL k':ts_ ca l;Q}df
1fgHof]lt s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt cd]l/sfdf
a;f]af; -;xof]uL k':ts_ s]xL ;dob]lv cIfl/sfsf kf7snfO{ lgMz'Ns k|bfg ul/b}+ cfPsf] 5 . of] k':ts kfpg tnsf] kmf/ddf cfˆgf] ljj/0f eg'{xf];\ . To;kl5 Gyan Jyoti Kendra sf] -tn lbOPsf]_ 7]ufgfdf x'nfsaf6 k7fpg' xf];\ . h;n] klxnf kq k7fpg'x'G5, k':ts pknAw eP;Dd cd]l/sfleq a;f]af; ug]{ Ps kl/jf/nfO{ Pp6f k':ts k|bfg ul/g]5 . k':ts x'nfsaf6 k7fOg]5 . tkfO{+sf] gfd (Name) 7]ufgf (Address) zx/ (City) /fHo (State) lhk sf]8 (ZIP Code) kmf/d k"/f el/P dfq lstfa k7fpg ;lhnf] x'G5 kmf/d e/]/ k7fpg] xfd|f] 7]ufgf M Gyan Jyoti Kendra 49 Lane Road Chichester, NH 03258
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL -21_ c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ sl/a # xhf/ zAb eP k'U5, tLdWo]sf zAbsf] PSsfO;f}+ ;"rL -efu @!_ • …km]8/fln:6 k]k;{Ú eGgfn] *% j6f n]vsf] >[+vnf xf] . • tL n]v Go'of]s{ klqsfdf 5flkP, hlta]nf Go'of]s{ /fHo cfkm}+ ;+ljwfg ;dy{g ug]{ jf gug]{ eGg] bf]wf/df lyof] . • tL n]v ;g\ !&*&–** df …hf]g h]Ú, …h]D; Dofl8;gÚ, / …cn]Sh]G8/ XofldN6gÚ n] klAno; pkgfddf n]Vg'eof] . • tL n]vdf /fHox¿n] lsg ;+ljwfg kfl/t ug'{k5{ eGg] :ki6 kfl/Psf] lyof] . • ;g\ !&** df ;a} n]v …b km]8/fln:6Ú k':tsdf k|sflzt ul/P . cd]l/sL ;+ljwfg a'‰g cem} tL n]v kl9G5g\ .
• block : l9Ssf,
rfsnf, ;fFknf, /f]Sg', 6fNg', a'lHhg', aGb ug'{ . • blonde, blond : uf]/f], wjnf, uf]/L, ;]tL, s'O/L . • blood : /ut, /lQ, v'g, ¿lw/ . • blow : k|xf/, jf/, 3'Rrf, 3':;f, nk]6f, bgs, cf3ft, 7Ss/, wSsf, d'SsL, xftkft, xfgyfk, km'Sg', ahfpg', km'Ng', lgefpg', ;fDo kfg'{, rNg' . • blue : gLnf], gL/ª\uL, cf;dfgL, w/dl/Psf], lhNn k/]sf], l;Gg, lgbfp/f] . • board : uftf, w'nf}6f], k6/L, kmNofs, tvtf, kf6L, s6 . • boat : gfp, gf}sf, 8'ª\uf, t/0fL .
• Bob : klZrdf
d'n'sdf Ps k'¿ifsf] gfdM aa . • body : c+u, hLp, tg, ufy, sfosn]a/, rf]nfÙ Xd, j:t', b]x, jbg, lk08, cË–k|ToË, x/, z/L/, nfz, kmf}h, 8ˆkmf, bn, u0f, ju{, ;d'bfo, lgsfo, k]6af]nL, k]6, ;+3ft, e}+Ù z/L/ lng' . • boil : kfgLkmf]sf, eNsf], k'Fm8'Nsf], vl6/f, kmf]sf], j|0f, lk6sf], kmf]8f, pl;Gg', kmTsg', 58\sg', eses pDng', akmfpg', plDng' . • bomb : ad, ljikmf]6 x'g] j:t' . • bone : xf8, x8\8L, xf8vf]/, cl:y . qmdzM
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ sfdM clxn] / ef]ln sfd cd]l/sL hLjgsf] kof{o xf] . ;do;Fu} sfd klg ablnPsf 5g\ . k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] s]xL sfd nf]k x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . s]xL gofF sfdx¿sf] hGd / ljsf; ePsf] 5 . xh'/a'afn] u/]sf] sfd gftLn] gu/]sf] x'g ;S5 . gftLn] cfˆgf] gftLsf kfnfdf km/s sfdx¿ b]Vg ;S5 . sfd -x¿_ sf] oxL ;Gbe{nfO{ Vofn ub}{ …cIfl/sfÚ n] o:t} ljifodf n]v]sf] 5 . sfd vf]Hg] / cfˆgf gfgLx¿sf] pRr lzIff s:tf ljifodf x'g cfjZos 5 eGg] lg0f{o ug{ yf]/} eP klg oL ;fdu|L ;xfos x'G5g\ eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . wGojfb
Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/ Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya