cd]l/sfdf dfq &) xhf/ @)!# cS6f]a/ jif{ $ c+s %@
l;Q}df
;g\ @)!# df ( xhf/ ! ;o #$
cd]l/sfdf ;g\ @)!# df ( xhf/ e"6fgL k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!@ cS6f]a/ ! df ;'? eO{ ;g\ @)!# ;]K6]Da/ #) df ;lsPsf] cfly{s jif{df ( xhf/ ! ;o #$ hgf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] xf] .
dlxgf–dlxgf slt <
g
uf]8f lsg uGxfpF5g\ <===@
g
c+s1fg @=======================@
g
s] xf] <M xnf]ljg============@
g
d x'FM sf]nDa;================#
cd]l/sL ljb]z dGqfno -:6]6 l8kf6{d]G6_ sf cg';f/ ;g\ @)!@ cS6f]a/kl5 ;g\ @)!# ;]K6]Da/;Dd dlxgflkR5] lgDg ;+Vofdf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5M ;g\ @)!@ cS6f]a/M &!# gf]e]Da/M *(# l8;]Da/M &#$ ;g\ @)!# hgj/LM $%@ km]a|'c/LM ^^^ dfr{M *)& clk|nM *)@ d]M **$ h"gM (!^ h'nfO{M ^$) cu:tM &!$ ;]K6]Da/M (!#
g
ltly–ldltM !$(&=========#
;g\ @))* kl5 slt <
g
kmf/d================================$
g
gful/s k|Zg–pQ/========$
g
rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb======$
cd]l/sfn] /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{ pRrfo'Stsf] sfof{no, cGt/f{li6«o cfk|jf; ;+u7g / ci6«]lnof, Sofg8f,
k[i7 $ x]g'{xf];\
o; c+sdf s] s] <
cd]l/sfsf] Go' ≈ofD;/ /fHosf] s+s8{df e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ n n
• ;g\ • ;g\
@)!@ M !% xhf/ &) @)!# M ( xhf/ !#$
lzlj/x¿df z/0ffyL{sf] ca afFsL slt < ;+Vof 36\b} uPsfn] c? b]zdf a;f]af; u/fOFb} clxn];Dd ljZjsf * cfPsfsf] ;+Vof 36\b} uPsf] d'n'sdf k'g:yf{lkt e"6fgLsf] b]lvG5 . ;+Vof sl/a *# xhf/ k'u]sf] n n
g]b/Nof08\;, 8]gdfs{, gj]{, Go"lhNof08 / a]nfotsf] ;xsfo{df ;g\ @))* dfr{df k'g:yf{kgf k|lqmof ;'? u/]sf] lyof] . of] k|lqmof hf/L 5 . xfn;Ddsf ;a} jif{sf] tYof+s x]bf{ k'g:yf{lkt x'g]sf] ;+Vof ;g\ @)!# df ;aeGbf sd b]lvG5 . xfn;Dd k|To]s jif{ cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsfsf] ;+Vof o:tf] 5M • ;g\ @))* M % xhf/ #@) • ;g\ @))( M !# xhf/ $#@ • ;g\ @)!) M !@ xhf/ #^# • ;g\ @)!! M !$ xhf/ (((
5 . g]kfnsf z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df /x]sf sl/a @^ xhf/n] cfkm" k'g:yf{kgfdf hfg d~h'/L lbO;Sg'ePsf] / pxfFx?sf nflu k'g:yf{kgfsf] sfd z'? eO/x]sf] 5 . lzlj/sf !@ xhf/n] s] ug]{ 6'ª\uf] ug'{ePsf] 5}g . cd]l/sfn] s"n k'g:yf{lktdWo] sl/a *& k|ltztnfO{ PSn} a;f]af; u/fPsf] 5 eg] afFsL c? d'n'sdf x'g'x'G5 . a9L e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ k'g:yf{lkt ul/Psf kfFr /fHoM k]G;ne]lgof, 6]S;f;, Go'of]s{, hlh{of / cf]xfof] x'g\ .
@
s] u/] o;sf] lgbfg xf]nf < n n
cd]l/sfdf
@)!# cS6f]a/, jif{ $ c+s %@
uf]8f lsg uGxfpF5g\ <
2
@
k6s lktf–k'q /fi6«klt x'g'ePsf] 5 . of]
uf]8fdf lg:sg] kl;gf h'Qf / df]hfdf u'lD;P/ a:5 . clg c? s] rflxof] / < c? efudf cfPsf] kl;gf ;lhn} xfjf;Fu ;Dks{df cfpF5 / ;'Sg kfpF5 .
@
n n
hf]8LdWo] klxnf] P8D;\ lktf– k'q x'g'x'GYof] . bf];|f] /fi6«klt hf]g P8D;\ (John Adams) / 5f]/f hf]g lSjG;L P8D;\ (John Quincy Adams) 5}6f}+
xfdLdWo] s;}s;}sf uf]8f uGxfpg] ;d:of x'G5 . o;n] xfdL x}/fg x'G5f}+ . h'Qf km'sfP/ 3/ l5bf{ lgs} cK7\of/f] x'G5 . z/L/ hlt g} af; cfpg] eP klg uf]8f t olt uGxfpg] x'G5 ls c?sf cufl8 a:g} ufx|f] x'G5 .
kl;gf / AofS6]l/of uf]8f uGxfpg'sf] k|d'v sf/0f kl;gf xf] . k|To]s dflg;df @ nfv %) xhf/eGbf a9L kl;gf u|GyL x'G5g\ . xfd|f uf]8f z/L/df ;a}eGbf a9L kl;gf cfpg] c+udWo] k5{g\ . uf]8fn] Ps lbgdf $ ;o %) ldlnln6/ kl;gf lgsfN5g\ . kl;gf k|d'v ?kdf kfgL / g'gsf] ld>0f dfq xf] . kl;gf cfkm}“ uGxfpg] x'“b}g . kl;gf uGxfpg] d'Vo sf/0f t 5fnfdf x'g] AofS6]l/of (Bacteria) x'g\ . AofS6]l/ofn] 5fnfdf lg:sg] kl;gf vfG5g\ . /, kl;gf vfPkl5 AofS6]l/ofn] lb;fsf ?kdf lgsfNg] tÎj g} kl;gf uGxfpg'sf] k|d'v sf/0f xf] .
uf]8f uGxfpg] sf/0f z/L/sf] ;a} efudf kl;gf cfp“5 . t/, uf]8fh:t} cGo
c+u Tolt uGxfp“b}gg\ . uf]8f uGxfpg'df df]hf / h'Qfsf] d'Vo e"ldsf x'G5 . h'Qf / df]hfsf sf/0f uf]8faf6 lg:sg] kl;gf xft / z/L/sf cGo efudf lg:sg] kl;gf h:tf] ;lhn} xfjf;“u ;Dks{df cfpg ;Sb}g . uf]8f / df]hfdf 6f“l;P/ a:5 . AofS6]l/of c“Wof/f], cf]l;nf] / lr;f] 7fp“df rf“8} km}lng] x'“bf uf]8ftkm{ cfslif{t x'G5 . s;}– s;}sf] uf]8f c?sf] eGbf w]/} uGxfpg'sf] sf/0f rflx“ pgLx?sf] uf]8fdf w]/} kl;gf cfpg' g} xf] .
uGw x6fpg] pkfo ahf/df uf]8fs} b'u{Gw sd ug]{ y'k|} l8cf]8/]G6 (Deodorant) kfOG5g\ . t/ JolStut :jR5tf / b'u{Gw x6fpg] :yfoL pkfo gu/]/ l8cf]8/]G6sf e/df ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsGg . uf]8fsf] kl;gf / udL{n] yk k[i7 # df
c+u|]hL–g]kfnL, g]kfnL–c+u|]hL l8S;g/L /fi6«klt x'g'eof] . $! cf}+ /fi6«klt hh{ Pr=8An'= a'z (George H. W. Bush) / $# cf}+ hh{ 8An'= a'z (George W. Bush) lktf–k'q x'g'x'G5 .
xnf]ljg
(Halloween) xnf]ljg (Halloween) cS6f]a/ dlxgfsf] clGtd lbg -cS6f]a/ #!_ cd]l/sfnufot ljleGg b]zx?df dgfOG5 . of] rf8 udL{sf] labfO{ ug{ dgfOG5 . cfOl/;\ -cfo/ NofG8sf afl;Gbf_ / :sl6;\ -:s6NofG8sf afl;Gbf_ n] of] rf8 pQ/ cd]l/sf NofPsf] Oltxf; 5 .
• c+u|]hLaf6 g]kfnL !@ xhf/ zAbsf] cy{ / g]kfnLaf6 c+u|]hL !% xhf/ zAbsf] cy{ ePsf] . • %)$ k[i7sf] . • d"No !^ 8n/ .
lstfa rflxPdf M
http://gyanjyotikendra.org
df uP/ ‘k':tssf] dfu’ jf Order Books df lSns ug'{xf];\ . ToxfF qm]l86÷ 8]la6–sf8{ jf r]sdfkm{t lstfa kfpg] tl/sf pNn]v 5 .
@)!# cS6f]a/, jif{ $ c+s %@
# AofS6]l/of / kmË; (Fungus) nfO{ lj:tf/ ug{ pko'St jftfj/0f k|bfg u5{ . AofS6]l/of jf kmË;sf] pkl:ylt dfq} uf]8f uGxfpg] sf/0f eg] xf]Og . df]hf k|ToIf ?kdf k}tfnfsf] ;Dks{df x'g] ePsfn] o;sf] ;+nUgtf uf]8f uGxfpg ;xof]uL x'G5 . AofS6]l/of / kmË;åf/f pTkflbt kmf]xf]/ kbfy{ df]hfd} 6f“l;G5 . h'Qfleqsf] jftfj/0f / a9L tfkqmd AofS6]l/of / kmË;sf] ;+VofTds j[l4sf nflu pko'St x'G5 . ;:tf] / l6sfp x'g] ePsfn] df]hf agfpg ;fdfGotof gfOng pkof]u ul/G5 . t/ o;n] ;'tLh:tf] xfjfaf6 leqaflx/ hfg ;Sg] e]lG6n];g k|bfg ub}{g . h'Qfleqsf] tfkqmd ;lhn} ! ;o @ l8u|L km/]gxfO6;Dd k'U5 . k}tfnfaf6 lg:sg] kl;gf kfgL, g'g, af];f], nj0f / ljleGg k|sf/sf cDnsf] ;ld>0f x'G5 . kl;gf ;f];]sf] h'Qf ;'Sg cf};t ?kdf sl/a @$ 3G6f nfU5 . k}tfnfnfO{ P06L– AofS6]l/on ;fa'gn] w'bf“ Toxf“ ePsf hLjf0f' gi6 x'G5g\, kmf]x/ ;kmf x'G5 . To;}n] ;Dej eP;Dd w]/}k6s uf]8f w'g'k5{ . ;Dej eP;Dd ;+sng ug{ dg nfUof] rKkn nufpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . ;Dkfbs Ho", dnfO{ of] k|sfzg lgs} ;Dej geP x/]s lbg km/s dgk¥of] . xfd|f] ;+sngsf nflu h'Qf / ;'tLsf] df]hf k|of]u k7fOlbg'xf]nf . xf]dgfy ;'j]bL ;+/Ifs af]8{sf cWoIf cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh (International Nepali Literary Society; INLS)
!&@& xg{/ /f]8 p8la|h, elh{lgof @@!(!
n n
uf]8f uGxfpg] ;d:ofaf6 5'6sf/f kfpg Pslbgsf] k|of;n] dfq x'Fb}g . o;sf nflu lg/Gt/ ;/;kmfO{df Wofg lbg'k5{ .
sf]nDa;
n n
ug'{k5{ . xTs]nfdf jfikLs/0f e} b'u{Gw gcfPh:t} k}tfnfdf klg jfikLs/0f x'g lbg h'Qf gnufpFbf /fd|f] x'G5 . Pslbg nufPsf h'Qf csf]{ lbg gnufpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . lgoldt ?kdf h'Qf ;'sfpg jf cln xfjf cfjt– hfjt x'g] 7fpFdf /fVg ;lsG5 . o;f] ubf{ hLjf0f' d5{g\, 9';L aGb}g / h'Qf cfb|{tfd'St x'G5 . dlxgf}+;Ddsf] :ofxf/ k|lqmof / To;kl5sf] lg/Gt/ arfpn] dfq uf]8f uGxfpg] ;d:ofaf6 aRg ;lsG5 . lgoldt ?kn] ;fdfGotof P06L– AofS6]l/on ;fa'gn] uf]8f w'g', plrt jfo';~rf/jfnf h'Qf nufpg', lgoldt ?kdf df]hf km]g'{, cfjZos k/]dfq h'Qf nufpg' o; ;d:ofaf6 hf]lug] pkfo x'g\ . o;sf nflu hfgsf/x?sf] ;'emfj lng klg ;lsG5 . -;|f]tM ljleGg kqklqsf / j]a;fO6_
d lqm:6f]km/ sf]nDa; (Christopher Columbus)
x'F . d}n] ;g\ !$(@ df cd]l/sf kQfnufPsf] x'F. nnn
d cS6f]a/ !@ df axdf; (Bahamas) gfds b]zsf] u'cfgfxgL (Guanahani) df cfOk'u]sf] lyPF . axdf;, cd]l/sfglhs} blIf0f–k"j{ ;d'b|df 5 . nnn
d]/f] hGd ;g\ !$%! df k|flrg O6fnLsf] pQ/– klZrdsf] h]gf]cf u0ftGqdf ePsf] lyof] . dnfO{ ljZjn] Ps cflj:sf/s tyf gfljssf ?kdf lrG5. nnn
cd]l/sfdf cS6f]a/sf] bf];|f] ;f]daf/ sf]nDa; 8] (Columbus Day) dgfOG5 . nnn
1497
;g\ !$(& df O6fnLsf ;d'b|ofqL hf]g sfaf]6 (John Cabot) n] Go'kmfpG8NofG8 (Newfoundland) df pq]sf lyP . Go'kmfpG8NofG8, pQ/ cd]l/sfsf] k"jL{ t6df 5 . of] Sofg8fsf] 7"nf] 6fk' xf] . cd]l/sf kQfnufpg] qmdsf] of] bf];|f] 36gf lyof] .
$
;+ljwfgsf] hGd gful/s k/LIff (Civic Test) sf] lstfasf] k|Zg ^^ / pQ/M à ;+ljwfg slxn] n]lvof] < (When was the Constitution written?) - ;g\ !&*& (1787)
• ;g\ !&*&
df n]lvPsf] ;+ljwfgdf gofF k|0ffnL :yfkgf u¥of], ToxL k|0ffnL clxn] klg 5 . • h]D; Dofl8;g (James Madison) ;+ljwfgsf d'Vo n]vs x'g'x'G5 . kl5 pxfF cd]l/sfsf] rf}yf] /fi6«klt -;g\ !*)(– ;g\ !*!&_ x'g'eof] . • cd]l/sL ;+ljwfg 5f]6f] 5, t/ o;n] ;/sf/sf l;4fGt / hgtfsf clwsf/x?sf] JofVof u/]sf] 5 . • ;+ljwfgdf k|:tfjgf / ;ft wf/fx? 5g\ . of] ;+ljwfg nfu' ePotf @& k6s ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] 5 .
1fgHof]lt s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; -;xof]uL k':ts_ o;k6s cIfl/sfsf kf7snfO{ l;Q}df k|bfg ul/b}+5 . of] k':ts kfpg tnsf] kmf/d e/L x'nfsaf6 k7fpg' jf of] Od]ndf tnsf] ljj/0f;lxt cg'/f]w ug'{xf];\M doughall@gyanjyotikendra.org . h;n] klxnf kq jf Od]n k7fpg'x'G5, pxfFn] k':ts kfpg'x'G5 . k':ts pknAw eP;Dd Ps kl/jf/nfO{ Pp6f k|bfg ul/G5 . gfd (Name) 7]ufgf (Address) zx/ (City) /fHo (State) lhk sf]8 (ZIP Code) kmf]g (Telephone) Od]n (E-Mail) cIfl/sf Go'hn]6/df c? s] ljifox? ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 < n]vL k7fpg'xf]nf . tkfO{+sf ;'emfjn] xfdLnfO{ 7"nf] d2t ldNg]5 .
kmf/d k"/f el/P dfq lstfa k7fpg ;lhnf] x'G5 kmf/d k7fpg] xfd|f] 7]ufgf M Gyan Jyoti Kendra 49 Lane Road Chichester, NH 03258
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL -20_ c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ sl/a # xhf/ zAb eP k'U5, tLdWo]sf] cd]l/sL ÷a]nfotL c+u|]hL zAbsf] aL;f}+ ;"rL -efu @)_ • birth : hGd,
k|hgg, k}bf, ;"ts, a]t laofg, pTklQ, s'n3/fg . • birthday : hGdlbg, hGdf]T;j, hGdhoGtL . • biscuit : la:s'6 -of] la|l6z O+unLzdf rNg] zAb xf] ._ . • bit : v08, 6'qmf, nufd, l;Gsf], afu, sf“9f, hft, uf“;, nufd xfNg' . • bite : n'5g', 6f]Sg', lrNg', aN;L xfNg', 8:g', b'Vg', 6f]sfO, b+z, 6f]s]sf], vt .
@)!# cS6f]a/, jif{ $ c+s %@
cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; -;xof]uL k':ts_ l;Q}df
• bitter : tLtf],
6/f]{, kL/f], ltR5/, tLI0f, dd{e]bL, s6' . • bitterly : s/fP/ -?g'_, lrRofP/ -?g'_, lrQ b'vfP/ -?g'_, w'?w'? . • black : sfnf], sfnf]gLnf], cFWof/f], sfnfDo . • blade : c+s'/, wf/, kmn, jf8 -v's'/Lsf]_, TofGb|f], t'gf÷tgf, wfgrd/, 6';f], d'gf, kQL . • blame : lgGbf, sn+s, bf]if, vf]6, ufn, b"if0f . • blank : PsfGt, z'Go, vfnL,
l/St, n]vfz"Go -kq_, l/Qf], ;fbf . • blanket : sDan, sfDnf], kfvL, dG8L, /f8L . • blankly : pbf;;lxt, cleJolSt z'Gotf, lj/St h:tf], rdsxLg, cg'k|f;/lxt . • bleed : /ut cfpg', /St>fj x'g' . • blind : cGwf], ;"/bf;, lg:k§, b[li6ljlxg, g]qxLg, c1fgL, df]x, 5n, cf“vf kmf]g'{, cGwf] kfg'{ . qmdzM
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ &) xhf/ / yk cd]l/sfn] e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ k'g:yf{kgfdf 7"nf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 . sl/a @) jif{ lzlj/df w]/} si6k"0f{ hLjg latfPsf z/0ffyL{nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ cu|;/ eP/ c¿ ;ft d'n'snfO{ kl5–kl5 nufof] . cfkm"n] ^) xhf/ dfq k'g:yf{lkt ug{ ;Sg] atfPsf] cd]l/sfn] &) xhf/nfO{ k'g:yf{lkt u/fO;s]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))* dfr{df klxnf] ;d"x cd]l/sf cfof] . w]/}n] cd]l/sfdf ^) xhf/ dfq k'g:yf{lkt x'g] xf]nf eGg] cg'dfg u/]sf lyP . t/ ;g\ @)!) sf] cGTodf g]kfnsf nflu tTsflng cd]l/sL /fhb"t :s6 Pr= 8]ln;Ln] ^) xhf/df dfq ;Lldt gx'g] atfPkl5 ca sltdf k'u]/ hfg] qmd aGb xf]nf eGg] ePsf] lyof] . clxn]sf] kl/l:ylt x]bf{ k'g:yf{lkt x'g rfxg] /x];Dd cd]l/sf cfpg] qmd hf/L /xg] b]lvPsf] 5 . wGojfb
Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/ Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya