Aksharica - 051 (अक्षरिका- ०५१)

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clx+;fTds af6f]af6 gful/s clwsf/sf nflu cys k|of; ug]{ JolStsf ?kdf lrlgG5 . pxfFn] ;g\ !(^# cu:t @* df lbPsf] k|jrg …d}n] Pp6f ;kgf b]v]sf] 5'Ú -cfO Xofe\ P 8«Ld ÷ I Have a Dream_ lgs} k|l;4 5 . pxfFsf] ;kgf eg]sf], …x/]s b]zjf;L ;dfg x'g'k5{ / x/]ssf] clwsf/ p:t} x'g'k5{Ú eGg] lyof] . pxfFsf] k|jrgsf] cfzo klg oxL xf] . pxfFn] of] k|jrg lbPsf] %) jif{ k'u]sf]df ;g\ @)!# cu:t @* df /fhwfgL jfl;ª\u6g l8;L (Washington DC) df ljz]if sfo{qmd ul/of] eg] b]zsf ljleGg 7fpFdf sfo{qmdx? ul/P . w]/} hg;+Vofdf /x]sf uf]/f / clk|msg–cd]l/sgaLrsf lje]b x6fpg pxfFn] cleofg rnfpg' eof] . sfo{:yndf x'g]

hflt jf lnª\usf cfwf/sf] e]befjn] cleofg ;'?jft u/]sf] lyof] . lsª\n] clx+;fjfbL ef/tLo g]tf dxfTdf ufGwLaf6 k|efljt eO{ cleofg rnfpg'ePsf] lyof] .

lsª\sf] kl/ro dfl6{g n'y/ lsª\ h'lgo/ (Martin Luther King, Jr.) sf] hGd ;g\ !(@( hgj/L @% df ePsf] lyof] . pxfFsf] ;fgf] 5Fbfsf] gfd dfOsn lsª\ xf] . hd{g ;'wf/s dfl6{g n'y/sf] ;Ddfg ub}{ pxfFn] cfˆgf] gfd km]/]/ dfl6{g n'y/ lsª\ /fVg'eof] . 5fnfsf] /+usf cfwf/df x'g] lje]b x6fpg k|of; u/]jfkt pxfFnfO{ ;g\ !(^$ df gf]a]n zflGt k'/:sf/ (Nobel Peace Prize) k|bfg ul/of] . ;g\ !(^* clk|n $ df 6]g];L (Tennessee) /fHosf] d]lDkm; (Memphis) df pxfFdfly uf]ln k|xf/ eof] .

h]D; cn{ /] (James Earl Ray) sf] uf]nLaf6 #( jif{sf] pd]/df pxfFsf] lgwg eof] .

dfl6{gsf] ;Demgf lbj; pxfFs} hGdlbgsf] cj;/ kf/]/ cd]l/sfdf k|To]s jif{ hgj/Ldf dfl6{g n'y/ lsª\ h'lgo/ lbj; (MLK Jr. Day) dgfOG5 . of] ;fj{hlgs labfsf] lbg hgj/Lsf] t];|f] ;f]daf/ k5{ .

cleofgsf] pknlAw ;g\ !(^) sf] bzssf] pSt cleofgkl5 gful/s clwsf/;DaGwL ljleGg vfnsf P]g–sfg'g cfP . /fi6«klt af/fs cf]afdf klxnf] clk|msg–cd]l/sg /fi6«klt x'g'sf] s]xL >]o klg lsª\sf] cleofgnfO{ hfg] u/]sf] 5 .


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nufP/ hfg] < cd]l/sfsf w]/} :s"ndf :s"n–8«]; nufpg' kb}{g lyof] . t/ uPsf s]xL jif{df :s"n–8«];sf] rng a9] sf] 5 . :s"n–8«];sf ;fy} s]xL /fHodf :s"ndf s:tf] n'uf nufpg ldNg] jf s:tf] gldNg] eGg] lgodx? ÷ 8«]; sf]8 (Dress code) sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg]sf] ;+Vof a9\bf] 5 .

;g\ !(((– @))) df !! bzdnj * k|ltztdf 8«]; lyof] eg] ;g\ @)!) df !* bzdnj ( k|ltzt :s"ndf nufpg' kg]{ eof] . Go' cln{oG; (New Orleans), l;sfuf] (Chicago), lSnjNof08 (Cleveland), af]:6g (Boston) / dfofdL (Miami) cflbdf 8«]; nufpg] :s"n a9L 5g\ .

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ljBfyL{n] :s"ndf s:tf] n'uf

clxn]sf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] b]zsf cfwfeGbf a9L ;fj{hlgs :s"nn] 8«]; sf]8 nfu' u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\ !(((– @))) df $& bzdnj $ k|ltzt :s"n / :s"n l8l:6«S6df 8«]; sf]8 ePsf]df ;g\ @)!) df cfOk'Ubf sl/a %& k|ltzt k'Uof] .

:s"n–8«];

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;+ljwfg lbj;

(Constitution Day) cd]l/sfsf] ;+ljwfg ;g\ !&*& ;]K6]Da/ !& df nfu" ePsf] xf] . To;}n] k|To]s jif{ ;]K6]Da/ !& df cd]l/sL ;+ljwfg lbj; dgfOG5 . o; lbj;nfO{ gful/stf lbj; (Citizenship Day) klg elgG5 . pSt ;+ljwfg nfu' ePkl5 oxfF a:b} cfPsf dflg; gful/s ag], clg gful/stf lbj; elgPsf] xf] . clxn] of] ;a}sf] lbj; xf] .

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kl5Nnf] tYofª\scg';f/ cd]l/sfdf uf8L–rnfpg] cg'dlt–kq (License) kfPsf s"n rfnsdWo] sl/a k|ltztsf] pd]/ &) jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L 5 . ^% jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf !# k|ltzt rfns 5g\ .

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http://gyanjyotikendra.org

df uP/ ‘k':tssf] dfu’ jf Order Books df lSns x]g'{xf];\ .

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…cn Og u'8 6fOdM Xj]g 6' ;]e, :6s ck, PG8 :Sofh'cn Ple|lyª km/ of]/ xf]dÚ

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(All in Good Time: When to Save, Stock Up, and Schedule Everything for Your Home)

gfdsf] lstfa lgs} pkof]uL b]lvG5 . n]vs 6\of/f s'lSh– sj:sL / dfG8L cXdfgsf] of]

lstfan] lbgx'F ug]{ eg]sf sfddf– efF8f df‰g], d}nf n'uf 5'6\ofpg], v]nf}gf ;d]6]/ /fVg], a9fg]{÷Eofs'd nufpg], efG;fsf] r'Nxf];Fu}– sf] sfpG6/ k'5\g], afy?dsf] l;ª\s k|of]ukl5 k'5\g], lr6\7Lx? 5fF6\g] cflb 5g\ .

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ug]{, un}+rf cflb ;kmf ug]{, 9f]sfsf xft]÷r's'n÷ /]lnª÷l:jr / l:jr–af]8{nfO{ sL6f0f'/lxt agfpg], sf]7fdf xfjf l5g]{ e]G6÷l;lnªsf] kª\vf÷em'nf–aQLsf] w'nf] emfg]{, Eofs'd÷kmg]{;sf] lkmN6/ km]g]{÷;kmf ug'{ eg]sf] 5 . jif{df rf/ k6s hlt ‰ofnsf lzzf, kbf{, jf kbf{;Fu} ‰ofndf h] 6fFluPsf] 5, Tof] ;kmf ug'{k5{ .


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cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; -;xof]uL k':ts_ lgMz'Ns 1fgHof]lt s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt cd]l/sfdf a;f]af;

-;xof]uL k':ts_ o;k6s cIfl/sfsf kf7snfO{ lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ul/g] ePsf] 5 . of] k':ts kfpg tnsf] kmf/d e/L x'nfsaf6 k7fpg'xf];\ jf of] Od]ndf tnsf] ljj/0f;lxt cg'/f]w ug'{xf];\M doughall@gyanjyotikendra.org . h;n] klxnf kq jf Od]n k7fpg'x'G5, pxfFn] k':ts kfpg'x'G5 . k':ts pknAw eP;Dd Ps kl/jf/nfO{ Ps k|lt k|bfg ul/g]5 . gfd (Name) 7]ufgf (Address) zx/ (City) /fHo (State) lhk sf]8 (ZIP Code) kmf]g (Telephone) Od]n (E-Mail) cIfl/sf Go'hn]6/df c? s] ljifox? ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 < n]vL k7fpg'xf]nf . tkfO{+sf ;'emfjn] xfdLnfO{ 7"nf] d2t ldNg]5 .

:df]sL d :df]sL efn' (Smokey) x'F . d cd]l/sL jg ljefu (United States Forest Service) sf] lrGx x'F. d]/f] sfd

cfddflg;nfO{ cfunfuLaf/] ;r]t u/fpg' xf] . nnn

d]/f] kmf]6f] klxnf]k6s ;g\ !($$ df cfunfluaf/] Pp6f cleofgdf /flvPsf] lyof] . nnn

kmf/d k"/f el/P dfq lstfa k7fpg ;lhnf] x'G5 kmf/d k7fpg] xfd|f] 7]ufgf M Gyan Jyoti Kendra 49 Lane Road Chichester, NH 03258

lx+8\b} 6]S:6 ubf{ b'3{6gfnfO{ lgDtf] • elh{lgofsf] cfln{ª\u6gdf

cf]xfof] ljZjljBfnosf] Ps cg';Gwfg eG5, …uf8L rnfpFbf Pshgf dflg; kmf]g ubf{ub}{ jf lxF8\bf;d]t kmf]g cflbsf] /]nj] 6«ofsdf v;] . wGg k|of]un] x'g] b'3{6gf ;g\ @))% j/k/ c? lyP . pgnfO{ af6 ;g\ @)!) cfOk'Ubf arfPF . of] ut d] dlxgfsf] bf]Aa/ ePsf 5g\ .Ú 36gf xf] . • ldh'/Ldf Ps afns cfOkf]8 ut h"g dlxgfdf lna6L{ ;'Gb} lx+8\b} lyP . /]nn] 7Ss/ Do'r'cn gfds ladf sDkgLn] Ps xhf/ o'js;Fu u/]sf] lbof] . pgL ar]gg\ . of] ut ;j]{If0fdf ^) k|ltzt jif{ h'nfO{sf] 36gf xf] . ;8sofq'n] kmf]gaf6 6]S:6÷ ;ts{ gx'Fbf o:tf 36gfdf Od]n ug]{, uLt ;'Gg] jf hf] klg kg{ ;S5 .

kmf]gdf s'/f ug]{ atfP . tL ofq'dWo] &) k|ltztn] o;f] ug'{ vt/gfs xf] eGg] klg :jLsf/]sf lyP . o'6f 6«flGh6 cyf]l/6Ln] /]n cf;kf; 6]S:6 jf kmf]gdf ukm u/]sf], x]8kmf]gdf uLt ;'g]sf] jf 6«ofs kf/ ubf{ k9]sf] kfOP hl/jfgf u5{ . lx+8\bf 6]S:6 ug]{nfO{ klxnf] k6s %) 8n/, bf]xf]¥ofP ! ;o hl/jfgf x'G5 .

d eGg] u5'{, …bzdWo] ( j6f cfunfuL dflg;sf sf/0f x'G5g\ / o:tf cfunfuL /f]Sg ;lsG5 . Tof] s]jn tkfO{+n] ;Sg'x'G5 .Ú nnn

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;g\ !$(@ df lqm:6f]km/ sf]nDa; (Christopher Columbus) n] cd]l/sf kQfnufpg' ePsf] xf] . pxfF cS6f]a/ !@ df axdf; (Bahamas) gfds b]zsf] u'cfgfxgL (Guanahani) gfds 7fpFdf cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . axdf;, cd]l/sfglhs} blIf0f–k"j{ ;d'b|df 5 .


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cIfl/sfnfO{ wGojfb ;Dkfbs Ho", tkfO{+sf k|sfzgx?sf nflu wGojfb . d ;g\ !(() sf] bzsdf cgful/s ePF . clxn] cd]l/sL gful/s ag]sf] 5' . d ca e"6fgL–cd]l/sL ag] . d]/f nflu e"dL 5, b]z 5 / d]/f] dgdf d hGd]sf] b]z klg . o;sf nflu cd]l/sf / km]8/n /]ˆo'hL l/:of6\nd]G6 k|f]u|fd (Federal Refugee Resettlement Program) klg wGojfbsf

kfq x'g\ . ;f]dgfy ;'j]bL kf]6{Nof08, cf]/]ug /+lug cIfl/sf lk|G6 u/]/ afF9\5' ;Dkfbs Ho", d k|To]s c+s …cIfl/sfÚ sf] /+uLg k|ltx? lk|G6 u5'{ / d]/f g]kfnL–efifL la/fdLx?nfO{ afF9\5' . o:tf] /fd|f] sfdsf nflu wGojfb . Kofl6«l;of ;L= lkmg, lSnlgsn d]g]h/ km]ldnL x]Ny ;]G6/ s+s8{ xl:k6n s+s8{, Go' XofD;/ cf>ofyL{nfO{ ;xfotf ;Dkfbs Ho", s;}n] cd]l/sL ;/sf/af6 cf>ofyL{ bhf{ (Asylee Status) kfPsf] 5 eg] p;n] 36Ldf * dlxgf z/0ffyL{;/x eQf kfpg ;S5 . :jf:Yo–aLdf, vfgf vr{, c+u|]hL–sIff egf{ / sfd vf]Hg d2t kfpg ;S5 . kl/jf/sf nflu klg ;'ljwf 5g\ . o;;DaGwL sfof{non] b/vf:t lbg d2t u5{ . sfd u/]sf] eP ;'ljwfdf ljrf/ x'g;S5 . k'ikdfg hf]zL Dofgr]:6/, Go' XofD;/ -of] ;'ljwfaf/] /fHolkR5] lgod km/s x'g÷gx'g ;S5g\ . To;}n] Oldu|];g sfof{nodf a'‰g'xf]nf ._

@)!# ;]K6]Da/, jif{ $ c+s %!

;+j}wflgs -;+ljwfg_ ;efsf] d'Vo pknlAw gful/s k/LIff (Civic Test) sf] lstfasf] k|Zg ^% / pQ/ -^# / ^$ gDa/sf k|Zg / pQ/ k'/fgf c+sx?df 5g\ ._ à ;+j}wflgs–;efdf s] ePsf] lyof] < (What happened at the Constitutional Convention?) - • ;+ljwfg n]lvPsf] lyof] (The Constitution was written)

• ;+:yfks–k|0f]tf -lktf_ x?n] ;+ljwfg n]Vg'eof]

(The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution)

dflysf @ hjfkmdf Pp6f dfq lbP x'G5 .

;+j}wflgs ;ef ;g\ !&*& d] dlxgfb]lv ;]K6]Da/;Dd k]G;neflgof /fHosf] lkmnf8]lNkmofdf ePsf] lyof] . ;'?sf !# /fHodWo] /f]8 cfONof08afx]s !@ /fHosf %% hgf k|ltlglwx? ;+3af/] cg'R5]b ;+zf]wg ug{ ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] . w]/} cd]l/sL g]tfnfO{ ;+3Lotf;DaGwL of] cg'R5]b dgk/]sf] lyPg . ;+3Lotf;DaGwL of] cg'R5]b ;+zf]wg ug'{sf] ;§f gofF b:tfj]h tof/ kfl/of] . ;efdf cfPsf ;xefuLnfO{ …b kmfd{;{Ú (the Framers) gfd lbOPsf] lyof] . rf/ dlxgf nufP/ pxfFx?n] gofF ;+ljwfg g} agfpg'eof] / ;g\ !&*& ;]K6]Da/ !& df x:tfIf/ ug'{eof] .

c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL -19_ c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ sl/a # xhf/ zAb eP k'U5, tLdWo]sf] cd]l/sL c+u|]hLsf] pGgfO;f}+ ;"rL -efu !(_ • beneath : tn,

d'lg÷dlg, dlGt/, dlGt/, tNnf] . • benefit : pksf/, lxt, kmfObf, 5f]k, enf], kmfk, u'g, nfe, ;'ljwf, ulgdt . • bent : em'sfj, emsfp, k|j[lQÙ em's]sf], t];f]{, s'k|'Ss, ljgt . • beside : ;Fu}, afx]s, l;jfo, guLr, ghLs, ;fydf, aflx/, cnfjf, clQl/Qm . • best : pQd, c;n, >]i7, e/dUb'/ . • bet : afhL, k0f, 3t, yfk]sf] /sd, zt{ . • betray : wf]vf lbg', ljZjf;3ft ug'{ . • Betsy : klZrdsf b]zdf dlxnfsf] Ps gfdM a]T;L . • better : pRrt/, >]o:s/, dTy/, lgsf], la;]s, tb la;]s, t} la;]s, a]xt/ . • between : dfem, aLr, dWo,

cGt/fn, cGt/, bf];Ffwdf . • beyond : kfl/, k/, 6f9f, aflx/, a9L . • bicycle : ;fOsn, b'O{ k+fu|] . • bid : af]n, 8fFs a9fa9, cf1f lbg', c¥xfpg', 8fFs af]Ng' . • big : 7"nf] . • bigger : eGbf 7"nf] . • biggest : ;a}eGbf 7"nf] . • Bill : klZrdsf b]zdf k'?ifsf] Ps gfdM lan . • bill : k'hf{, k'hL{, x'G8f, lan, r'Rrf], n]v, lx;fa, aLh, ljw]os, aLhs . • Billy : klZrdsf b]zdf k'?ifsf] Ps gfdM laNnL . • bin : efF8f], esf/L, aflN6g . • biology : hLj ljBf, k|f0fL ljBf, hLj zf:q, k|f0fL zf:q . • bird : r/f, r/L, lrl8of, l76L, kG5L, kIfL, r/fr'?ËL . qmdzM

la6 dfbf{dfb}{ rf}yf] jif{ k|j]z cIfl/sf k|sfzgsf] tLg jif{ k"/f ePsf] 5 . ut c+s xfd|f] krf;f}+ c+s lyof] . ;g\ @)!) cu:t !% sf] gd'gf / of] c+s;lxt clxn];Ddsf %@ c+ssf @ ;o * k[i7df ljleGg ljifodf n]lvof] . ;g\ @)!! df …cIfl/sfÚ ;lxtsf] sfdsf nflu …1fg Hof]lt s]Gb|Ú btf{ eof] . ;g\ @)!@ df …cd]l/sfdf a;f]af;Ú -;xof]uL k':ts_ k|sflzt eof] . ;g\ @)!# df cd]l/sL gful/s aGg lbg'kg]{ k/LIffsf k|Zg–pQ/sf] k':ts cg'jfb eof] / 1fg Hof]lt s]Gb|sf] j]a;fO6df /flvof] . o:tf sfd hf/L 5g\ . of] xfd|f] Psf]xf]/f] k|of; dfq xf]Og . tkfO{+x¿sf] dfof, xf};nf, ;b\efj, ;Nnfx klg xf], oL ;a} hf/L /xG5g\ eGg] cfzf;lxt . wGojfb

Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, Website : www.aksharica.com, Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya


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