@)!$ clk|n jif{ $ c+s %*
x/fpFb} uPsf k]zf–Joj;fo s:tf sfd eg] a9\bf 5g\ < cfˆgf] k]zfsf] sfd kfpg 5f8] rfxg]n] o:tf hfgsf/L /fVg k|f];];/sf]
s:tf] xf]nf < ul//x]sf sfddf yk tflnd jf To;};DaGwL yk k|ljlw ghfg] s] xf]nf < sfdaf/] oL klg xfd|f ;d:of x'g\ . o:tf ;d:ofx?af/] xfdLn] hfGg}k5{ . cd]l/sfdf ul/g] sltko sfdsf gfd xfdLn] g;'g]sf, gb]v]sf, gu/]sf, jf ghfg]sf klg x'g ;S5g\ . (What is inside ?) >d;DaGwL cd]l/sL dGqfno l8kf6{ d G ] 6 ckm n]a/ /f]huf/x¿ a9\bf sfd====# (US Department of Labor) xf] . (Growing Jobs in the US) dGqfnosf] lgsfo …Ao'/f] ckm w]/} tna lbg] sDkgL=====% n]a/ :6fl6l:6S;\Ú (Bureau of (Most paying companies) Labor Statistics) xf] . pSt cf}ifwL lkmtf{ ug]{ lbg====^ Ao'/f] cyf{t\ tYofª\s ljefuaf6 (Drug Takeback Day) k|sflzt tYofª\snfO{ @$÷& df;' gvfg] ;f]daf/=======^ jfn l:6«6, PnPn;L (24/7 Wall (Meatless Monday) St., LLC) gfds Ps ;+:yfn] d x'FM cfOcf/P;===========& s]nfpFb} k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs (I am IRS) u/]sf] 5 . ltly–ldltM !(%%========& ;+:yfsf b'O{ k|ltj]bgdf (Date: 1955) cd]l/sfdf x/fpFb} uPsf k]zf cnL{ l/lnh s] xf] <====& / s'g sfd ljz]ifdf /f]huf/L (What is Early Release a9\bf] 5 elgPsf] 5 . Day?) sfd vf]Hg] jf cfkm"n] gful/s k|Zg–pQ/========* hfg]sf sfddf (Civic Test - One Q/A) yk tflnd jf rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb======* lzIff lnP/ (Most common English cfˆgf] j[lQ– words) ljsf; ug{
cfjZos klg x'g;S5 .
o;k6s
*
nf]k eO/x]sf k]zf
pSt ljefusf ;g\ @))@ d] dlxgfb]lv ;g\ @)!@ d] dlxgf;Ddsf tYofª\s s]nfP/ jfn l:6«6n] lgsfn]sf] nf]k eO/x]sf k]zfsf] ;"rL -sd sdfOaf6 w]/}tkm{_ o:tf] 5M • ;]ldsG8S6/ k|f];];;{ (Semi-
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g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
;]ldsG8S6/ Pp6f ljB'tLo pks/0f xf], h;sf] k|of]u df]afOn kmf]g, sf/, Nofk6k cflbdf x'G5 . ;]ldsG8S6/
technicians)
bls.gov
g
conductor processors)
hflu/ 36\g'sf] sf/0f ;]ldsG8S6/ ;fgf x'Fb} hfg', o;sf] lgdf{0fdf dflg;sf] ;§f oGqsf] k|of]u ul/g' / ;:tf sfdbf/ kfOg] ePsfn] o;sf] lgdf{0f cGo b]zdf ul/g' xf] . ;g\ @))@–@)!@ df o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] ;+Vof %! Ü 36\of] / @@ xhf/ @%) sf] hflu/ uof] . ;g\ @)!@ df of] k]zfdf @! xhf/ #*) lyP / pgLx?sf] jflif{s tna ## xhf/ @) 8n/ /Xof] . ljefun] ;g\ @)@@ ;Dd @& Ü sdL cfpg] / sl/a yk ^ xhf/sf] hflu/ hfg ;Sg] cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . • lk|k]|; 6]lSgl;oG; (Prepress
k|f];];/n] oxL pks/0fsf] lgdf{0fsf] sfd x]5{g\ . df]afOn kmf]g, sf/, Nofk6k k|of]u a9] klg ;]ldsG8S6/ n n
sfd ;a} 7fpF / ;a} sfndf Ps} /xFb}gg\ . o:t} oyfy{ 5, cd]l/sfdf . s]xL sfd x/fpFb} uPsf 5g\ eg] s]xL a9\bf 5g\ . of] o:t} /xnf eGg klg ;lsGg . n n
s'g} klg k|sfzg -lstfa, kf]:6/, kqklqsf, l:6s/ cflb_ cl3 ul/g] sfdsf k|fljlwsnfO{ lk|k|]; 6]lSgl;og elgG5 . sDKo'6/, 6]An]6 cflbdf k9\g]sf] ;+Vof a9\gfn] 5fKg] sfd sd x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . t/ pkef]Uo ;fdu|Lsf vf]n, krL{ 5fKg] sfd eg] a9\bf] 5 . ;g\ @))@–@)!@ df o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] ;+Vof %$ Ü 36\of] / $& xhf/ (%) hgfsf] afFsL csf]{ k]hdf
@ n n
processors and typists)
oL k]zfjfnn] sk8f a'Gg] sf/vfgfdf sfd u5{g\ . oGq–h8fg, lgl/If0f h:tf sfd u5{g\ . oL k]zfjfn k|fljlws / cw{–k|fljlws x'G5g\ . cfw'lgs k|ljlw, cGo b]zdf sfd u/fpg] a9\bf] rng cflbsf sf/0f o:tf k]zf– jfn cK7\of/fdf k/]sf 5g\ .
k]zfjfnnfO{
w]/}
;Lk cfjZos x'Gg . 3/– lgdf{0f ;xfosh:tf oL k]zfjfnsf] sfd 3/ agfpg] Joj;fodf sdL cfPsfn] 36]sf] xf] . o;df k|ljlwsf] vf; e"dLsf 5}g . 3/–lgdf{0fn] ult lnP, sfd kfpg yfN5g\ . ;g\ @))@–@)!@ df o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] ;+Vof ^) Ü 36\of] / #^ xhf/ $#) hgfsf] hflu/ uof] . ;g\ @)!@ df @$ xhf/ #!) hgf of] k]zfdf 5g\, h;sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL @* xhf/ @@) 8n/ 5 . • l8«lnª / af]l/ª dl;g 6'N; ;]6;{, ck/]6;{ / 6]G8;{, d]6n / Knfl:6s (Drilling and Boring
n n
;g\ @))@–@)!@ df o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] ;+Vof %& Ü 36\of] / @* xhf/ # ;osf] hflu/ uof] . ;g\ @)!@ df @! xhf/ !!) hgf of] k]zfdf 5g\, h;sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL @^ xhf/ %$) 8n/ 5 . • sDKo'6/ ck/]6;{ (Computer
c+u|]hL–g]kfnL, g]kfnL–c+u|]hL l8S;g/L
Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic)
hldgd'lgaf6
kfgL
cflb
operators)
oL k]zfjfnn] sDKo'6/x?aLr ;Dks{ u/fpg] / 8f6f ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] lgu/fgL u5{g\ . k|ljlwdf ePsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f / oGqx?sf] ;'wf/n] of] k]zf ;+s6 k/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))@–@)!@ df o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] ;+Vof %( Ü 36\of] / ! nfv ! xhf/ *) hgfsf] hflu/ uof] . ;g\ @)!@ df &! xhf/ %^) hgf of] k]zfdf 5g\, h;sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL #* xhf/ #() 8n/ 5 . • la|sd];G;, Ansd];G;, :6f]g– d];G;, 6fon / dfa{n ;]6;{ – x]Nk;{ (Brickmasons, block-
bls.gov
knitting and weaving machine setters, operators and tenders)
oL
bls.gov
oL k]zfjfnn] v];|faf6 lr6\7L–kq, kmf/d, l/kf]6{, jf cGo ;fdu|L 6fOk u/]/ sDKo'6/df ptfg]{, 6fOk ePsfdf z'4fz'l4 x]g]{ jf cfjfh /]s8{ ePsf] ;fdu|L ptfg]{ u5{g\ . o:tf k]zfjfnn] slxn]sfxL sfof{no– ;xfossf ?kdf klg sfd u5{g\ . ;g\ @))@–@)!@ df o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] ;+Vof %$ Ü 36\of] / ! nfv !@ xhf/ ^$) hgfsf] hflu/ uof] . ;g\ @)!@ df (^ xhf/ %^) hgf of] k]zfdf 5g\, h;sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL #% xhf/ @&) 8n/ 5. of] k]zfjfn x/fO/x]sf d'Vo !) sfddf ;aeGbf a9L xf] . ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 o;sf] sfd x'g] ePsfn] of] k]zf x/fpg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] xf] . o:tf] k]zfdf /x]sf w]/}n] gofF k|ljlw l;s]/ cfkm"nfO{ To;cg';f/sf] sfd ug]{ klg agfpFb} nu]sf 5g\ . • 6]S:6fOn lgl6ª / ljleª dl;g ;]6;{, ck/]6;{ / 6]G8;{ (Textile
masons, stonemasons, tile and marble setters-helpers)
bls.gov
o:tf sfd x/fpFb} 5g\ • ;]ldsG8S6/ k|f];];/ • lk|k]; 6]lSgl;og • j8{ k|f];];/ / 6fOlk:6 • 6]S:6fOn lgl6ª / ljleª dl;g ;]6/, ck/]6/ / 6]G8/ • sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ • la|sd];g, Ansd];g, :6f]gd];g, 6fon / dfa{n ;]6/ – x]Nk/ • l8«lnª / af]l/ª dl;g 6'N; ;]6/, ck/]6/ / 6]G8/, d]6n / Knfl:6s • Knf:6// / :6Ssf] d];g • sfk]{G6;{’ x]Nk/ • P8\e6f{Olhª / k|f]df];g d]g]h/
@)!$ clk|n, jif{ $ c+s %*
hflu/ uof] . ;g\ @)!@ df $! xhf/ $@) hgf of] k]zfdf 5g\, h;sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL #& xhf/ @^) 8n/ 5 . • j8{ k|f];];;{ / 6fOlk:6\; (Word
lgsfNgsf nflu Knfl:6s jf wft'sf 6'qmfx? hf]8\g] ;Lk ePsf k]zfjfnnfO{ oGqsf] cfw'lgsLs/0fn] kl5 kf/]sf] 5. ;g\ @))@–@)!@ df o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] ;+Vof ^) Ü 36\of] / #! xhf/ &) hgfsf] hflu/ uof] . ;g\ @)!@ df @) xhf/ ^^) hgf of] k]zfdf 5g\ / pgLx?sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL ## xhf/ ($) 8n/ 5 . afFsL csf]{ k]hdf
• c+u|]hLaf6 g]kfnL !@ xhf/ zAbsf] cy{ / g]kfnLaf6 c+u|]hL !% xhf/ zAbsf] cy{ ePsf] . • %)$ k[i7sf] . • d"No !^ 8n/ .
lstfa rflxPdf M
http://gyanjyotikendra.org
df uP/ ‘k':tssf] dfu’ jf Order Books df lSns ug'{xf];\ . ToxfF qm]l86÷ 8]la6–sf8{ jf r]sdfkm{t lstfa kfpg] tl/sf pNn]v 5 .
# @)!$ clk|n, jif{ $ c+s %*
• Knf:6/;{ / :6Ssf] d];G; (Plas- • sfk]{G6;{’ x]Nk;{
(Carpenters’
terers and stucco masons)
Helpers)
oL k]zfjfnsf] sfd 3/ sf] kvf{n jf cGo ;tx÷ e'OF lrNofpg], l;ufg]{ jf cGo k|of]hg–of]Uo agfpg' xf] . 3/– lgdf{0fdf sdL cfPsf sf/0f logsf] sfd 36]sf] xf] . ;g\ @))@–@)!@ df o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] ;+Vof ^! Ü 36\of] / ## xhf/ @%) hgfsf] hflu/ uof] . ;g\ @)!@ df @! xhf/ $) hgf of] k]zfdf 5g\, h;sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL #& xhf/ !#) 8n/ 5 .
oL l;sdL{sf ;xof]uL x'g\ . sf7 sf6\g], lrNofpg] h:tf sfd u5{g\ . l;sdL{sf ;xof]uL ePsfn] w]/} ;Lk cfjZos x'Fb}g . ;g\ @))@ df logLx?sf] ;+Vof sl/a (* xhf/ lyof] eg] ;g\ @)!@ df #% xhf/ *&) df em¥of] . of] sdL ^# Ü xf], h;df ^@ xhf/eGbf a9Ln] sfd u'dfP . ;g\ @)!@ df logsf] jflif{s cfo @% xhf/ %%) 8n/ /Xof] .
• P8\e6f{Olhª / k|f]df];g d]g]h;{ (Advertising and promotions managers)
kqklqsfdf ul/g] lj1fkg 36\gfn] of] k]zf ufx|f]df 5 . cfly{s ;+s6 /x]sf a]nf To;} klg lj1fkgsf] ahf/ ;':tfPsf] lyof] . ;g\ @))@–@)!@ df o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] ;+Vof ^% Ü 36\of] / %@ xhf/ ^&) hgfsf] hflu/ uof] . ;g\ @)!@ df @* xhf/ $@) hgf of] k]zfdf 5g\, h;sf] jflif{s cfDbfgL ** xhf/ %() 8n/ 5 .
s:tf sfd a9\bf 5g\ < h;df /f]huf/sf] ;+Vof al9/x]5 ;g\ @))@ b]lv @)!@ ;Dddf u}/–s[lif sfdbf/ % Ü a9] . uPsf bzsdf ePsf] cfly{s ;+s6df s]xL k]zf cK7\of/fdf k/] klg s]xL sfd eg] bf]Aa/ eGbf a9L sfdbf/sf] wgL x'g k'u] . oxfF a9f]Q/Lsf cfwf/ df ;aeGbf a9L j[l4 ePsf -w]/} /f]huf/ JolSt agfPsf_ k]zfdWo] sdaf6 w]/}tkm{ ;"rL tntkm{ k|:t't 5M • l:sg s]o/ :k]l;oln:6\; (Skin Care Specialists)
;g\ @)!@ ;Ddsf] bz jif{df 5fnfsf] :ofxf/
;kmf ug]{, 5fnfsf] ;'/Iffsf] ;'emfj lbg], / cgfjZos /f}+ x6fpg] sfd u5{g\ . o:tf k]zf– jfnn] Jofj;flos lzIff lbg] ;+:yfx?af6 5fnf;DaGwL tflnd jf lzIff lbG5g\ . w]/} h;f] o:tf Joj;foLsf nflu of] lzIff clgjfo{ h:t} x'G5 . w]/} /fHodf of] lzIff / nfO;]G; clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ @))@ b]lv ;g\ @)!@ df of] k]zfjfn !)$ Ü a9]/ !^ xhf/ @#) ylkP . ;g\ @)!@ df l:sg s]o/ :k]l;oln:6x? #! xhf/ *!) hgf lyP, h;n] jif{sf] cf};t @* xhf/ ^$) 8n/ sdfPsf] kfOof] . • k;{gn s]o/ P8\; (Personal
bls.gov
Care Aides)
ug]{ Joj;foL 7\ofSs} bf]Aa/ eP . :j/f]huf/sf ?kdf ;]n'g (salon) / :kf (spa) x?df sfd ug]{ oL Joj;foLn] 5fnf
aRrf hGdfpg] k':tf -a]aL a'd;{, ;g\ !($^–^$ df hGd]sf_ j[4j[4fsf] ;+Vof a9]sfn] JolStut :ofxf/ ug]{ otf k]zfjfn a9]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @))@ / ;g\ @)!@ aLr o:tf k]zfjfnsf] ;+Vof bf]Aa/ eof] . clxn] em08} bz
nfv o:tf] Joj;fodf 5g\ . yf]/} Hofnf / efjgfTds d"No ePsfn] o;df /f]huf/ a9]sf] xf] . ;g\ @)!@ df o:tf k]zfjfndWo] sd kfpg] !) Ü n] jif{sf] @& xhf/ %*) 8n/ dfq sdfPsf] kfOof] . ;g\ @))@ b]lv ;g\ @)!@ df of] k]zfjfn !!* Ü a9]/ % nfv #$ xhf/ !() ylkP . ;g\ @)!@ df oL k]zfjfnx? ( nfv *% xhf/ @#) hgf lyP, h;n] jif{sf] cf};t !( xhf/ (!) 8n/ sdfPsf] kfOof] . • k;{gn kmfOg]lG;on P8\efOh;{ (Personal Financial Advisors)
a]aL a'd;{x? ;]jf–lgj[Q x'g] ;do ePsf] / cfˆgf] ljQLo Joj:yfkgdf nfu]sfn] pgsf ;xof]uL ag]sf 5g\, JolStut ljQLo ;Nnfxsf/– x? . o:t} lghL If]q klg ;]jflgj[Qsf] ;xfotfdf sfd ug{ yfn]sfn] klg JolStut ljQLo ;Nnfxsf/sf] sfd a9]sf] 5 . of] k]zfsf nflu Go'gtd klg afFsL csf]{ k]hdf
$
Sattan
w]/} sdfpg] @% Ü sf] jflif{s cfo ! nfv !! xhf/ $%) 8n/ 5 . ;g\ @))@ b]lv ;g\ @)!@ df of] k]zfjfn !@* Ü a9]/ (* xhf/ $^) ylkP . ;g\ @)!@ df oL k]zfjfnx? ! nfv &% xhf/ $&) hgf lyP, h;n] jif{sf] cf};t ^& xhf/ %@) 8n/ sdfPsf] kfOof] . • sf]r]h PG8 :sfp6\; (Coaches
•
preters and Translators)
n n
≈o'dg l/;f];{]; :k]l;oln:6\; (Human Re-
cGt/f{li6«o ahf/ a9\bf] 5 / ljZjJofkLs/0f hf/L 5 . o;}n] klg bf]efif] / cg'jfbssf] sfd a9\bf] 5 . ;g\ @))@ df sl/a @) xhf/ /x]sf]df bf]efif] / cg'jfbssf] ;+Vof a9]/ %) xhf/eGbf a9L ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sfdf lx:Koflgs hg;+Vof a9]sfn] bf]efif] / cg'jfbs a9L rflxPsf x'g\ . o:tf Joj;foLsf]
sources Specialists)
oL k]zfjfnn] s'g} sfdsf nflu JolStsf] rog, egf{ / pgLx?sf] Ifdtfcg';f/ sfd ljz]if lbg] u5{g\ . ;g\ @))@ kl5sf bz jif{df @ nfv @% xhf/eGbf a9L dfgj
;|f]t ljz]if1 -Xo'dg l/;f]– ;]{; :k]l;oln:6_ a9] . o;sf nflu :gfts tx k"/f u/]sf], / JolSt cGt/;+jfb Ifdtfdf s'zn x'g cfjZos 5 . ;g\ @))@ b]lv ;g\ @)!@ df of] k]zfjfn !#$ Ü a9]/ @ nfv @% xhf/ *#) ylkP . ;g\ @)!@ df oL k]zfjfnx? # nfv ($ xhf/ #*) hgf lyP, h;n] jif{sf] cf};t %% xhf/ * ;o 8n/ sdfPsf] kfOof] . • d;fh y]/flk:6\; (Massage Therapists)
:kf / d;fh lSnlgssf] ;+Vof a9]sfn] oL Joj;foL a9]sf 5g\ . j[4j[4fsf] hg;+Vof a9\g' / pgLx?n] d;fh rfxgfn] oL :j/f]huf/
bls.gov
bls.gov
and Scouts)
v]ns'bsf k|lzIfs / :sfp6x?sf] ;g\ @))@ b]lv ;g\ @)!@ k'Ubf Ps nfvaf6 b'O{ nfv k'u] . cfpFbf jif{df klg o;} ultdf a9\g] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . ;]jflgj[Q hf] cfkm}+ v]N5g\ / c?nfO{ l;sfpg] Ifdtf /fV5g\, sf sf/0f of] k]zfjfnx? a9]sf x'g\ . ;]jflgj[Qx? uNkm / 6]lg; a9L v]N5g\ . o:tf k|lzIfsx?n] :s"n / o'lgel;{6Ldf v]ns'b lqmof– snfk a9]sf sf/0f hflu/ kfO/x]sf 5g\ . sn]hdf dlxnf v]ns'bx? a9]sf] klg kfOPsf] 5. ;g\ @))@ b]lv ;g\ @)!@ df of] k]zfjfn !#) Ü a9]/ ! nfv !$ xhf/ *) ylkP . ;g\ @)!@ df oL k]zf– jfnx? @ nfv ! xhf/ * ;o hgf lyP, h;n] jif{sf] cf};t @* xhf/ #^) 8n/ sdfPsf] kfOof] .
Joj;foL a9]sf] Ao'/f]sf] egfO 5 . ;g\ @)!@ df k"/f ;do sfd gug]{ logLx?sf] 3G6fsf] cf};t cfDbfgL !& 8n/ @( ;]G6 /Xof] . ;g\ @))@ b]lv ;g\ @)!@ df of] k]zfjfn !^@ Ü a9]/ $# xhf/ **) ylkP . ;g\ @)!@ df oL k]zfjfnx? &! xhf/ $) hgf lyP, h;n] jif{sf] cf};t #% xhf/ (&) 8n/ sdfPsf] kfOof] . • OG6/k|]6;{ / 6«fG;n]6;{ (Inter-
o:tf sfd a9\bf 5g\ • l:sg s]o/ :k]l;oln:6 • k;{gn s]o/ PO8\ • k;{gn kmfOg]lG;on P8\efOh/ • sf]r PG8 :sfp6 • x\o'dg l/;f];{]; :k]l;oln:6 • d;fh y]/flk:6 • OG6/k|]6/ / 6«fG;n]6/ • Do'lhs l8/]S6/ / sDkf]h/ • k]6«f]lnod OlGhlgo/ • ;le{; o'lg6 ck/]6/, cfon, Uof; / dfOlgª
kfl/>lds lglZrt 5}g . w]/} sdfpg] !) Ü sf] jflif{s sdfO (! xhf/ * ;o;Dd 5 eg] sd sdfpg] !) Ü sf] sdfO @# xhf/ %&) 8n/ 5 . ;g\ @))@ b]lv ;g\ @)!@ df oL k]zfjfn !&! Ü a9]/ #! xhf/ &@) ylkP . ;g\ @)!@ df oL k]zfjfnx? %) xhf/ #@) hgf lyP, h;n] jif{sf] cf};t $% xhf/ $#) 8n/ sdfPsf] kfOof] . • Do'lhs l8/]S6;{ / sDkf]h;{ (Music Directors and Composers)
;+uLtk|lt cd]l/sLx?sf] ef]sn] oL k]zfjfn a9]sf] afFsL csf]{ k]hdf
@)!$ clk|n, jif{ $ c+s %*
n n
:gfts tx ;s]sf] x'g'k5{ . ul0ft, n]vf, cy{zf:q, ljQ jf sfg'gdf hfgsf/L /fv] of] k]zf ;xh x'G5 . o; k]zfsf
% @)!$ clk|n, jif{ $ c+s %*
w]/} tna lbg] !% sDkgL -yf]/} tna lbg]af6 w]/} tnatkm{_
cf};t cd]l/sLsf] cf};t ;Sg] Ifdtfsf 5g\ . x'g\ . kfFr sDkgLx? ;"rgf– jflif{s cfo eg] #$ xhf/ & /fd|f] tna lbg] tLg} !% j6f k|ljlw / sl/a Tolt g} ljQLo ;o %) 8n/ -;g\ @)!@_ sDkgLsf] 5f]6f] ;"rL oxfF sfd;DaGwL 5g\ . gDa/ #–& lyof] . t/ s]xL sDkgL lbOPsf] 5 . ;"rLdf ePsf] sf] cf};t tna ! nfv @% cd]l/sLsf] cf};t cfoeGbf gDa/ ! sf] sDkgL a]nfotL / gDa/ (–!) sf] cf};t ! kfFr u'0ff a9L tna lbg xf] eg] afFsL ;a} cd]l/sL nfv #) xhf/ 5 . sDkgLsf] gfd======================================================================hflu/bf/sf] ;+Vof===========jflif{s cf};t tna )!= )@= )#= )$= )%= )^= )&= )*= )(= !)= !!= !@= !#= !$= !%=
afs{lnh Soflk6n (Barclays Capital) ===============================!#(,^)) ==================== $ !@#,))) PKkn (Apple) =======================================================================*),#)) ===================== $ !@#,@*$ ofx' Û (Yahoo!) =====================================================================!@,@)) ===================== $ !@%,))) l6\j6/ (Twitter) ====================================================================@,&!@ ======================== $ !@%,))) DofslsG;] PG8 sDkgL (McKinsey & Co.) ========================!&,))) ===================== $ !@%,))) u'un (Google) ====================================================================== $&,&%^ ==================== $ !@%,))) jfndf6{ Osd;{ (Walmart eCommerce) ==============@) nfv -Osd;{df !,%))_ ===== $ !@%,))) c6f]–8]:s (Autodesk) =========================================================== &,#)) ===================== $ !@*,))) lnª\s8Og (LinkedIn) =============================================================%,)$% ===================== $ !#),))) le;f OGs (Visa Inc.) ==============================================================(,%)) ===================== $ !#),))) h'lgk/ g]6js{;\ (Juniper Networks) =====================================(,$*# ==================== $ !#$,@!* P=6L= sgL{ (A.T. Kearney) ======================================================#,@)) ===================== $ !#%,))) a'h PG8 sDkgL (Booz & Company) ====================================#,))) / yk ========== $ !$),))) af]:6g sG;lN6ª u|'k (Boston Consulting Group) ============== ^,@)) ===================== $ !$#,&%) PkhL d]l8sn (Apogee Medical) ===========================================&%) ======================= $ @@),)))
bls.gov
k]h $ sf] afFsL ==================
atfOG5 . Jofj;flos tyf lj1fkgdf ;+uLt lbgfn] klg oL Joj;foLsf] sfd a9\bf] 5 . w]/} sdfpg] !) Ü sf] jflif{s sdfO *^ xhf/ !!) ;Dd 5 eg] sd sdfpg] !) Ü sf] sdfO @! xhf/ $%) 8n/ 5. ;g\ @))@ b]lv @)!@ ;Dd !&* Ü a9]/ !% xhf/ (^) ylkP . ;g\ @)!@ df oL k]zfjfnx? @$ xhf/ ($)
hgf lyP, h;n] jif{sf] cf};t $& xhf/ #%) 8n/ sdfPsf] kfOof] . • k]6«f]lnod OlGhlgo;{ (Petro-
xhf/ $!) hgf lyP . • ;le{; o'lg6 ck/]6;{, cfon, Uof; / dfOlgª (Service Unit
leum Engineers)
Operators, Oil, Gas and Mining)
k]6«f]lnod OlGhlgo/x? cd]l/sfdf w]/} sdfpg] k]zf– jfn x'g\, h;sf] cf};t jflif{s cfDbfgL ! nfv #) xhf/ @*) 8n/ 5 . o;sf nflu :gfts tx k"/f u/]sf] / sfd ug{ nfO;]G; k|fKt u/]sf] x'g'– k5{ . nfO;]G; kfpg $ jif{ sfd u/]sf] cg'ej x'g cfjZos x'G5 . ;g\ @))@ b]lv ;g\ @)!@ df of] k]zfjfn @@& Ü a9]/ @% xhf/ @*) ylkP . ;g\ @)!@ df oL k]zfjfnx? #^
k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg Joj;foLdWo] ;aeGbf a9L /f]huf/ a9]sf k]zf …;le{; o'lg6 ck/]6/Ú xf] . hldgaf6 t]n lgsfNg] sfd a9]sfn] 6]S;;, cf]Snxfdf, n'Olhofgf / gy{ 8sf]6fdf oL k]zfjfnsf] dfu a9]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))@ b]lv ;g\ @)!@ df of] k]zfjfn #^% Ü a9]/ $$ xhf/ *&) ylkP . ;g\ @)!@ df oL k]zfjfnx? %! xhf/ !*) hgf lyP, h;n] jif{sf] cf};t $! xhf/ (&) 8n/ sdfPsf] kfOof] .
^
clk|nsf] @^ nfO{ /fli6«o ldlt gf3]sf jf sfd gnfUg]
dea.gov
l;kmfl/z ul/Psf cf}ifwL lkmtf{ ug]{ lbg (National Prescription Drug Take-Back Day) sf ?kdf lrlgG5 . of] lbj;sf] p2]Zo 8fS6/n] n]lvlbPsf t/
‘jf6\; ck <’
(What’s Up ?)
clejfbg ug]{ Ps tl/sf e]6 x'Fbf xfdLnfO{ s;}n] jf s;}nfO{ xfdLn] …jf6\; ckÚ (What’s Up) eG5f}+ . ;'Gbf jf eGbf cln cgf}7f] nfu] -xKsfP/ eg]sf] xf] h:tf] nfu]_ klg of] ;fdfGo clejfbg xf] . sf6'{gn] k|l;4 agfof] o;/L clejfbg ug]{ tl/sf k'/fgf] xf] . slxn]b]lv rNof] eg]/ eGg ;lsb}g . t/ ;g\ !($) sf] bzsdf sf6'{g rnlrq aU; aGgL (Bugs Bunny) n] …jf6\; ck 8s <Ú (What’s up Doc?) eg]/ of] clejfbgsf] y]uf]nfO{ k|l;4
agfof] . kof{ox¿ o;nfO{ jf;;k (wassup), Xjf6 ck (what up), jfh ck (waz up), Xjf:;ck (whassup), jfhck (wazzup), cflb eg]/ klg k|of]u u/]sf] kfOG5 . cy{ o;sf] k|of]u em§ e]6\bf ul/g] clejfbg xf] . o;sf] cy{ o:tf] x'G5M …s] ub{5f} <Ú, …s] 5 va/ <Ú, …s] eO/x]5 <Ú, …s:tf] nflu/x] sf] 5 <Ú, …s] 5 gofF gf}nf] <Ú cflb xf] .
cf}ifwLsf] ;'/lIft, ;'ljwfhgs, / lhDd]jf/k"0f{ lj;h{g ug'{ -tx nufpg'_ sf ;fy} o:tf cf}ifwLsf] ;+efljt b'?kof]uk|lt cfdgful/snfO{ ;r]t u/fpg' xf] . o; jif{ clk|n @^ zlgaf/ k/]sf] 5 . o;/L cf}ifwL tx nufpg] ;do laxfg !) ah]– b]lv @ ah];Dd tf]lsPsf] 5 . ;a} /fHosf ljleGg :yfgdf o:tf cf}ifwL lkmtf{ ug]{ jf tx nufpg] 7fpF tf]lsPsf x'G5g\ . o:tf :yfg sxfF 5g\ egL yfxf kfpg www.dea.gov df lSns ug'{xf];\ jf *))–**@–(%#( df kmf]g ug'{xf];\ .
df;'
gvfg] lbg xKtfdf b'O{ lbg labf . labfdf cln a9L vfgf, To;df df;' vfg] w]/}sf] cg'ej 5 . To;}n] ;f]daf/ df;' gvfg] rng cd]l/sfaf6 yflnPsf] 5 . …df;'lagfsf] ;f]daf/Ú (Meatless Monday) ;g\ @))# df cd]l/sL Joj;foL l;8 ng{/ (Sid Lerner) n] z'? u/]sf x'g\ . z'qmaf/ e'StfgLsf] lbg (payday), zlgaf/ v]Ng] lbg (play day) / cfOtaf/ k|fy{gf ug]{ lbg (pray day) ePkl5 ;f]daf/ s] t < eGg] pQ/sf ?kdf df;' gvfg] ;f]daf/sf] cjwf/0ff NofPsf x'g\ .
@)!$ clk|n, jif{ $ c+s %*
cf}ifwL lkmtf{ ug]{ lbg
& @)!$ clk|n, jif{ $ c+s %*
1955
clk|n !% s/ km:of}{6 ug]{ clGtd lbg xf] . Oltxf; sl/a Ps ;o jif{cl3sf] ;Gbe{ xf] . ;g\ !(!# df of] Dofb dfr{ ! lyof] . ;g\ !(!# km]a|'c/L # df s+u|];n] o;nfO{ ;+zf]wg u/L kfl/t u¥of] / ^ xKtf ;do lbof] . ToxL eP/ s/ a'emfpg] ;do
dfr{ ! ePsf] lyof] . of] Dofb w]/}sf nflu /x]g . s/;DaGwL P]g !(!* n] of] DofbnfO{ dfr{ !% k'¥ofof] . ;g\ !(%% cfOk'Ubf s]xL s/–;+lxtf ;+zf]wgn] Ps dlxgf yk]/ clk|n !% df k'¥ofOof] . To;kl5 clk|n !% aGof] . ;do klg ylkG5 ;g\ @)!@ clk|n !& / ;g\ @)!! clk|n !* ;Dd Dofb ylkPsf] lyof] . of] eg] /fhwfgL jfl;+u6g l8=;L=df k/]sf] d'lSt lbj; (Emancipation Day) sf sf/0f ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!@ clk|n !% df pSt lbj; cfOtaf/ k¥of] / o;sf] Dofb !& df ;¥of] . ;g\ @)!! clk|n !% df pSt lbj; z'qmaf/ k¥of] / Dofb !* df ;fl/Psf] lyof] .
cfOcf/P; (IRS)
d cfOcf/P; (IRS) x'F . cfOcf/P;sf] k"/f cy{ OG6/gn /]leGo' ;le{; (Internal Revenue Service) xf] . nnn
d]/f] d cd]l/sfsf] cy{ -/fHosf]if_ dGqfno (De-
partment of the Treasury)
sf] ljefu -Ph]G;L_ x'F. d ;/sf/sf] s/;DaGwL sfd ug]{ lgsfo x'F . o; Ph]G;Ln] s/ ;+sng (Early Release Day) tyf s/sf] lgod–sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug]{ h:tf Release à :s"nn] cfˆgf] ljleGg sfd s/;DaGwL ;a} sfd u5{ .
rfF8f] labf lbg] lbg cnL{ l/lnh Day) dfqsf]
(Early
k|of]u cGo 7fpFdf eP klg :s"n;DaGwL Ps ;Gbe{df w]/} k|of]u x'G5 . :s"ndf k9fO x'g] k"/f ;do gk9fO labf lbg] lbgnfO{ cnL{ l/lnh 8] (Early Release Day) elgG5 . ;fdfGo af]nLrfnLdf o;nfO{ cnL{ l/lnh dfq klg eGg] ul/G5 . o:tf] labf ;fdfGotM b'O{ p2]Zosf nflu x'G5 . tL x'g\M à df};d lau|bf jf s'g} ljklQsf sf/0f o;/L labf lbOG5 . df};dsf sf/0f ;a}– nfO{ oyfl:yltdf 3/ k'¥ofpg ufx|f] x'g] cg'dfg eP, cnL{ l/lnh x'G5 . To:t} ckem{6 lg0f{o s'g} ljklQ cfOk/] klg x'g;S5 .
ug{ cltl/St ;do rflxPdf klg k"j{–;"rgf lbP/ cnL{ l/lnh u5{g\ . o:tf] ;oddf :s"ndf lgdf{0f x'g ;S5, lzIfs–lzlIfsfsf tflnd, of]hgf tof/Lsf sfd, jf cGo sfd x'g;S5g\ jf pxfFx? ;lDdlnt a}7s x'g;S5 jf Joj:yfkgsf ljifodf s'g} sfd x'g;S5 . bf];|f] p2]Zosf nflu :s"n g} aGb u/]/ sfdx? u/]sf] kfOG5, h;nfO{ …gf] :s"n 8]Ú (No School Day) elgG5 . gf] :s"n 8]sf] clu|d hfgsf/L :s"nsf] Sofn]G8/ -kfqf]_, ;"rgf, :s"nsf] j]a;fO6, :s"n;DaGwL jflif{s k':ts, jf :s"n–8fo/L cflbdf x'g ;S5 .
nnn
o;sf] d'Vo sfof{no b]zsf] /fhwfgL jfl;+u6g l8;L (Washington, D.C.) df 5 eg] b]ze/ o;sf zfvfx¿ 5g\. nnn
cd]l/sfdf u[xo'4 rln– /x]sf a]nf km/s gfddf ;g\ !*^@ h'nfO{ ! df o;sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . nnn
o;sf k|d'vdf cfo'St (Commissioner) /xG5g\ . cfOcf/P; sfof{nodf sfd ug]{ sl/a ! nfv ^ xhf/ -;g\ @)!)_ sd{rf/L 5g\ . nnn
cfOcf/P;sf] j]a;fO6 www.irs.gov xf] .
*
gful/s k/LIff (Civic Test) sf] lstfasf] k|Zg &^ / pQ/M d'lSt -bf;k|yf pGd'ng_ sf] 3f]if0ffn] s] sfd u¥of] < (What à
did the Emancipation Proclamation do?)
– bf;bf;Lx¿nfO{ :jtGq u/]sf] lyof] (freed the slaves) – blIf0fL dxf;+3sf /fHoaf6 bf;bf;Lx¿ d'St u/]sf] lyof] (freed slaves in the Confederacy)
– ;+uL /fHox¿af6 bf;bf;Lx¿ d'St u/]sf] lyof] (freed slaves in the Confederate states)
– blÔ0fsf w]/} /fHox¿af6 bf;bf;Lx¿ d'St u/]sf] lyof] (freed slaves in most Southern states)
•• s'g} Pp6f atfP x'G5 . ••
;g\ !*^# df u[xo'4 rln/x]sf] lyof], /fi6«klt
@)!$ clk|n, jif{ $ c+s %*
bf;bf;L d'lStsf] sfd ca|fxd lnª\sg (Abraham Lincoln) n] bf;k|yf pGd'ngsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{eof] . pSt 3f]if0ffn] blIf0f jf blIf0fsf] :j3f]lift dxf;+3sf /fHodf a:g] bf;bf;L d'St eP . w]/} d'St–bf;bf;L pQ/sf] kIfsf ;]gf etL{ eP . ;g\ !*^% df u[xo'4 ;lsof] . blIf0fsf bf;bf;Lx?n] d'lStsf] 3f]if0ffnfO{ Jojxf/df kfP . ;+ljwfgsf] !# cf}+ ;+zf]wgdf bf;–pGd'ngnfO{ ;d]l6of] .
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL -26_ c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ sl/a # xhf/ zAb eP k'U5, tLdWo]sf zAbsf] 5AaL;f}+ ;"rL -efu @^_
• cage :
• calm :
gfd– lk+h8f, s}b, ‰ofnvfg÷‰ofnvfgf, vf]/, l7ªu'/f], sf]qmf . lqmof– lk+h8fdf y'Gg', s}b ug{', ‰ofnVffgdf xfNg' .
ljz]if0f– 7G8f, zfGt, l:y/, 9'Ss, lgw{Ss, lglZrGt, lg:t's, lagf x8a8L, lagf xfjfsf] . gfd– zflGt . lqmof– zfGt kfg'{, l:yt x'g', 9'Ss x'g' .
• cake :
gfd– /f]6L, ld7fO{, s]s, dfnk'cf . lqmof– s]s h:tf] cfsf/÷?k lbg', s]s agfpg', s8f x'g' .
• camera :
gfd– Sofd/f, t:jL/oGq, 5ljoGq, PsfGt sf]7f .
• calculate :
• camp :
gfd– cg'dfg, u0fgf, lx;fa . lqmof– lx;fa ug'{, u0fgf ug'{, uGg' .
gfd– lzlj/, SofDk, pklgj]z, s6s, 8]/f, af; . lqmof– af; a:g', kfn 6fª\g', 8]/f ug'{ .
• calculation :
gfd– u0fgf, uGtL, lx;fa, kl/sNkgf, n]vf . • California :
• campaign :
gfd– cleofg, o'4, cfGbf]ng . lqmof– n8fOF ug'{ .
gfd– cd]l/sfsf] Ps /fHo, Soflnkmf]lg{of .
• camping :
• call :
• can :
gfd– af]nfx6, cfXjfg, cfjfxg, lrRofx6, af]n, 8fFs, k'sf/ . lqmof– af]nfpg', lemsfpg', ;+1f lbg', sf}nf:g', k'sfg'{, sxg', xsfg'{, xkfg'{, e]6g' .
gfd– efF8f], l6g, 8Aaf, l8Aaf, l;udf+u . lqmof– l6g÷8Aaf÷l8Aafdf /fVg'÷xfNg', ;Sg', ;+ej x'g' .
gfd– lzlj/ af;, alx{jf; .
• Canada :
gfd– Sofg8f, cd]l/sfb]lv
pQ/sf] d'n's . • canal :
gfd– gx/, s'nf], k}gL÷k}g Sof/L, gn, s'n];f], gfnf÷gfnL, kgfnL÷kgfnf], vf]N;f], vfFb . lqmof– gx/, s'nf], k}gL÷k}g, Sof/L, gn, s'n];f], gfnf÷gfnL, kgfnL÷kgfnf] jf vf]N;f] agfP/ af6f] lbg' . • cancel :
gfd– /2, vfl/h÷vf/]h, ab/, lkmtf{ . lqmof– /2 ug'{, vfl/h÷vf/]h ug'{, ab/ ug'{, sf6\g', w'nfpg', d]6g', lkmtf{ lng' . • cancer :
gfd– SofG;/ -/f]u_, ss{6 /flz . • candidate :
gfd– pDd]bjf/, k|fyL{, cfj]bs, ofrs, kbflenfifL, k/LIffyL{, k|TofzL, k|j]zfyL{, cyL{ . • candy :
gfd– ld>L, u'lnof], ld7fO, lkk/-n_d]G6, k'i6sf/L . lqmof– ld7fO agfpg' . qmdzM
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ sfdM x/fpFbf / km}nFbf cd]l/sfdf sfd g} hLjgsf] kof{o xf] . sfdsf nflu ljleGg :t/sf] ;Lk cfjZos x'G5 . ;Lk geO sfd ug{ sl7g x'G5 . ;Lksf nflu lzIff, tflnd cflb rflxG5 . ;LknfO{ a]nf–avt rDsfpg] ug'{k5{ . ;Lk;Fu ;DalGwt yk tflnd jf lzIff lng'k5{ . olt ln+bf cfkm" sfd ul//xg ;lsG5 . ;Lk l;+ufg]{ sfd ubf{– ub}{ klg s'g} sfd x/fP/ hfg ;S5g\ . To;}n] klg cd]l/sfdf xfdLn] sfdaf/] yf]/–ax't hfgsf/L /fVg cfjZos x'G5 . wGojfb
Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/ Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya