● ● ● ● ● ▀ ▀ ● ● ● ●●● !# /fHodf Go'gtd Hofnf j[l$ ca @! /fHo / /fhwfgLdf a9L
@)!$ hgj/L jif{ $ c+s %%
lgMz'Ns lstfasf nflu kmf/d
Pl/hf]gf
(Arizona) $&=()
sf]nf]/f8f]
sg]l6s6
(Connecticut) $*=&)
g
cd]l/sfdf &@ xhf/======@
g
l6s6sf] d"No j[l4=========#
g
d x'FM xf]ln8] l;hg========#
g
km]l/ a]Rbf pRr d"No====#
g
kmf/d================================#
g
gful/s k|Zg–pQ/========$
g
rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb======$
!# j6f /fHo ;/sf/n] gofF jif{;Fu} -Ps 3G6f sfd u/]sf]_ Go'gtd kfl/>lds÷Hofnf (Minimum wage) a9fPsf 5g\ . of] j[l4kl5 ca @! /fHodf Ps 3G6f sfd ug]{n] Go'gtd Hofnf -& 8n/ @% ;]G6_ eGbf a9L kfpg] ePsf 5g\ .
c? /fHo / /fhwfgL
oL !# afx]s c? * /fHo / /fhwfgL Ps u/L ( df klg Go'gtd Hofnf a9L 5 . tL
afFsL csf]{ k]hdf
nf]l/8f
o; c+sdf s] s] <
(Montana) $&=()
cf]xfof] (Ohio) $&=(%
ljleGg
(Colorado) $*=))
k[i7 # x]g'{xf];\
df]G6fgf
Go'h;L{
cf]/]ug
(Oregon) $(=!)
/f]8 cfONofG8 (Rhode Island) $*=))
ed{G6
(Florida) $&=(#
(New Jersey) $*=@%
(Vermont) $*=&#
ldhf]/L
Go'of]s{
jfl;+u6g
(Missouri) $&=%)
(New York) $*=))
(Washington) $(=#@
@
/fHo dfly -aS;_sf x'g\ .
sd Hofnf ePsf /fHo rf/ /fHodf ;+3Lo Go'gtd– eGbf sd Hofnf kfOG5 . tL x'g\, csf{G; (Arkansas), hlh{of (Georgia), ldg];f]6f (Minnesota) / jfof]ldª\ (Wyoming) . oL /fHodf qmdzM ^ 8n/ @% ;]G6;\, % 8n/ !% ;]G6;\, ^
8n/ !% ;]G6;\ / % 8n/ !% ;]G6;\ Hofnf 5 .
Hofnf gtf]lsPsf /fHo
kfFr /fHoM cnfafdf (Alan'Olhofgf (Louisiana), ldl;l;kL (Mississippi), ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf (South Carolina) / 6]g];L (Tennessee) df Go'gtd kfl/>lds tf]lsPsf] 5}g . bama),
;+3Lo Hofnfa/fa/
@)!$ hgj/L, jif{ $ c+s %%
Go'gtd Hofnf a9L ePsf c¿ /fHo / /fhwfgL l8;L != cnf:sf (Alaska) ====================================================== $ &=&% @= Soflnkmf]lg{of (California) ======================================== $ *=)) #= jfl;+u6g l8;L (Washington DC) =========================== $ *=@% $= Olngf]o (Illinois) ====================================================== $ *=@% %= df;fr';]6\; (Massachusetts) =================================== $ *=)) ^= d]g (Maine) ============================================================== $ &=%) &= ldlrug (Michigan) ================================================= $ &=$) *= Go' d]lS;sf] (New Mexico) ====================================== $ &=%) (= g]ef8f (Nevada) ======================================================== $ *=@%
aL; /fHodf ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] Go'gtd Hofnf 5, h'g /fHoM 8]nfj/ (Delaware), xjfO{ (Hawaii), cfof]jf (Iowa), cfO8fxf] (Idaho), OlG8ofgf (Indiana), sfG;f; (Kansas), s]G6sL (Kentucky), d]l/NofG8 (Maryland), gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf (North Carolina), gy{ 8sf]6f (North Dakota), g]a|f:sf (Nebraska), Go' XofD;/ (New Hampshire), cf]Snfxfdf (Oklahoma), k]G;ne]lgof (Pennsylvania), ;fpy 8sf]6f (South Dakota), 6]S;; (Texas), o'6f (Utah), elh{lgof (Virginia), j]:6 elh{lgof (West Virginia) / lj:sfG;g (Wisconsin) x'g\ .
;g\ 2013 sf] clGtd;Dd cd]l/sfdf 72 xhf/ 5 ;o 94
c+u|]hL–g]kfnL, g]kfnL–c+u|]hL l8S;g/L
;g\ @)!# sf !@ dlxgfdf ( xhf/ %) cd]l/sfdf ;g\ @)!#
dlxgf–dlxgf slt <
l8;]Da/ #! ;Dd -jif{sf] clGtd lbg_ df &@ xhf/ % ;o ($ e"6fgL k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!@ cS6f]a/ ! df ;'? eO{ ;g\ @)!# ;]K6]Da/ #) df ;lsPsf] cfly{s jif{df ( xhf/ ! ;o #$ hgf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!# ;]K6]Da/ clGtd;Dd &) xhf/ # ;o #* hgf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{ @)!@÷!# ;lsPkl5 ;g\ @)!# cS6f]a/b]lv l8;]Da/ #! ;Dd -# dlxgfdf_ @ xhf/ @ ;o %^ hgf cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; ug{ yfNg'ePsf] 5 .
cd]l/sL ljb]z dGqfno -:6]6 l8kf6{d]G6_ sf cg';f/ ;g\ @)!# clGtd;Dd dlxgf–lkR5] lgDg ;+Vofdf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5M ;g\ @)!# hgj/L================$%@ km]a|'c/L================^^^ dfr{=====================*)& clk|n===================*)@ d]=========================**$ h"g======================(!^ h'nfO{==================^$) cu:t==================&!$ ;]K6]Da/===============(!# cS6f]a================@^( gf]e]Da/===============(*@ l8;]Da/==============!))% o; lx;fan] ;g\ @)!# sf afx| dlxgfdf k'g:yf{lkt x'g]sf]
;+Vof ( xhf/ %) hgf 5 . ;/sf/ aGb (Shut down) sf sf/0f o; jif{sf] cS6f]a/ df @ ;o ^( dfq k'g:yf{lkt x'g'eof] eg] l8;]Da/df ! xhf/ % hgf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'eof] .
;g\ @))* kl5 cd]l/sfn] /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{ pRrfo'Stsf] sfof{no (UNHCR), cGt/f{li6«o cfk|jf; ;+u7g (IOM) / ci6«]lnof, Sofg8f, g]b/Nof08\;, 8]gdfs{, gj]{, Go"lhNof08 / a]nfotsf] ;xsfo{df ;g\ @))* dfr{df k'g:yf{kgf k|lqmof ;'? u/]sf] lyof] . of] k|lqmof hf/L 5 . ;g\ @)!# dfr{b]lv pxfFx? cd]l/sL gful/s aGg yfNg'ePsf] 5 .
• c+u|]hLaf6 g]kfnL !@ xhf/ zAbsf] cy{ / g]kfnLaf6 c+u|]hL !% xhf/ zAbsf] cy{ ePsf] . • %)$ k[i7sf] . • d"No !^ 8n/ .
lstfa rflxPdf M
http://gyanjyotikendra.org
df uP/ ‘k':tssf] dfu’ jf Order Books df lSns ug'{xf];\ . ToxfF qm]l86÷ 8]la6–sf8{ jf r]sdfkm{t lstfa kfpg] tl/sf pNn]v 5 .
@)!$ hgj/L, jif{ $ c+s %%
#
cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; -;xof]uL k':ts_ ca l;Q}df
1fgHof]lt s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt cd]l/sfdf
a;f]af; -;xof]uL k':ts_ s]xL ;dob]lv cIfl/sfsf kf7snfO{ lgMz'Ns k|bfg ul/b}+ cfPsf] 5 . of] k':ts kfpg tnsf] kmf/ddf cfˆgf] ljj/0f eg'{xf];\ . To;kl5 Gyan Jyoti Kendra sf] -tn lbOPsf]_ 7]ufgfdf x'nfsaf6 k7fpg' xf];\ . h;n] klxnf kq k7fpg'x'G5, k':ts pknAw eP;Dd cd]l/sfleq a;f]af; ug]{ Ps kl/jf/nfO{ Pp6f k':ts k|bfg ul/g]5 . k':ts x'nfsaf6 k7fOg]5 . tkfO{+sf] gfd (Name) 7]ufgf (Address) zx/ (City) /fHo (State) lhk sf]8 (ZIP Code) kmf/d k"/f el/P dfq lstfa k7fpg ;lhnf] x'G5 kmf/d e/]/ k7fpg] xfd|f] 7]ufgf M Gyan Jyoti Kendra 49 Lane Road Chichester, NH 03258
xf]ln8] l;hg
l6s6sf] df]n a(\b}
xfdLn] ;fwf/0f kq k7fpFbf lsGg] u/]sf] $^ ;]G6;\sf] x'nfs l6s6 (first-class stamp) sf] d"No a9\b}5 . cfpFbf] hgj/L @^ b]lv pSt l6s6nfO{ $( ;]G6;\ kg]{5 . o'gfO6]8 kf]:6n ;le{; (USPS) n] o;nfO{ c:yfoL j[l4 eg]sf] 5 .
km]l/ a]Rbf
sf/sf] /fd|f] efp
d jif{sf] gf]e]Da/ clGtd– b]lv gofF jif{ nfUbf;Ddsf] ;do x'F . dnfO{ lqm;d; l;hg (Christmas Season), xf]ln8] l;hg (Holiday Season), km]l:6e l;hg (Festive Season) jf xf]ln8]h (Holidays) dfq klg elgG5 . nnn
dnfO{ klxn]–klxn] lqm;d;sf !@ lbg (12 Days of Christmas) eg]/ lrlgGYof] . d]/f] csf]{ gfd Christmastide klg xf] . To;a]nf of] l8;]Da/ @% b]lv gofF jif{sf] hgj/L ^ ;Dd /xGYof] . nnn
of] cjlwdf w]/} Jofkf/ x'G5 . vfgkfgdf lgs} vr{ x'G5 . dfG5]x¿ gft]bf/nfO{ e]6\g k'U5g\ . nnn
km]l/ a]Rbf /fd|f] efp kfpg] sf/df xf]G8f (Honda) klxnf] 5 . xf]G8fnfO{ 6f]of]6f (Toyota) / cfp8L (Audi) a|fG8sf sf/n] k5\ofPsf 5g\ . ;g\ @)!# sf ;dfrf/x? eG5g\, …6f]of]6fsf k'/fgf uf8Ln] efp kfpg] bf];|f] eP klg o;sf ljleGg pTkfbg km]l/ lalqm x'g]df a9L 5g\ . 6f]of]6fsf tL pTkfbgM lk|o; ;L (Prius C), NofG8 qm'h/ (Land Cruiser) cflb x'g\ . oL pkof]lutfsf b[li6n] cuf8L 5g\ . lk|o;df j}slNks OGwg k|of]u x'G5 eg] NofG8 qm'h/ k"/f cfsf/sf] uf8L h:tf] ePsfn] Jofkfl/s sfddf klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
$ @)!$ hgj/L, jif{ $ c+s %%
pQ/–blIf0f o'4 gful/s k/LIff (Civic Test) sf] lstfasf] k|Zg &# / pQ/M à cd]l/sfsf pQ/ / blIf0fsf /fHox¿sf o'4sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ . (Name the U.S. war between the North and the South.) – u[xo'4 (the Civil War) – /fHo–/fHoaLrsf] o'4 (the War between the States)
••
s'g} Ps gfd eg] x'G5 .
••
‘u[xo'4’ ;g\ !*^! b]lv ;g\ !*^% ;Dd ePsf] lyof] . of] o'4 pQ/ / blIf0fsf /fHox?aLr ePsf] lyof] . pQm o'4n] bf;bf;L k|yfsf] cGTo u¥of], ;+3Lo Joj:yfnfO{ alnof] / cd]l/sfnfO{ …PsÚ agfof] . blIf0fsf !! /fHo ldn]/ cd]l/sf 6'qm\ofP/ 5'§} b]z agfpg] 3f]if0ff u/] .
/fli6«o ;/sf/n] u/]sf lg0f{o klg dfGb}gf} klg eg] . pgLx? ;/sf/n] bf;bf;L k|yfsf] cGTo unf{ eg]/ 8/fPsf lyP . bf;k|yf /xf];\ eGg] lyof] . b]znfO{ 6'lqmg lbg'x'Gg eGg] kIfdf /x]sf] pQ/sf /fHox?sf] g]t[Tj ca|fxd ln+sg (Abraham Lincoln) / blIf0fsf] g]t[Tj h]km;{g 8]lj; (Jefferson Davis) n] ug'{eof] . jfl;+u6g l8;LnfO{ /fhwfgL agfPsf pQ/sf @% /fHosf] o'lgog (Union) lyof] eg] elh{lgofsf] l/rdG8 (Richmond) nfO{ /fhwfgL agfPsf blIf0fdf !! /fHosf] sGkm]8]/;L (Confederacy) lyof] . afFsL ;ft /fHo ljleGg …6]/]6/LÚ (Territory) df lyP . pQ/sf] hg;+Vof @ s/f]8
@) nfv / blIf0fsf] () nfv hg;+Vof lyof] . cd]l/sL sfg'gn] !* jif{eGbf ;fgf] pd]/sf] dflg;nfO{ o'4df hfg /f]s nufpF5 . t/ pQm o'4df w]/}n] pd]/ unt atfP/ uP . ;g\ !*^! clk|n !@ df ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgfsf] kmf]6{ ;D6/ (Fort Sumter) df blIf0ftkm{af6 cfqmd0f z'? ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ !*^% clk|n ( df sGkm]8]/6sf hg/n /f]a6{ O= nL (Robert E. Lee) n] cfTd;dk{0f u/]kl5 o'4 ;lsPsf] lyof] . o'4df b'j}tkm{sf #) nfv n8]sf lyP . o'4df pQ/sf # nfv ^) xhf/ / blIf0fsf @ nfv %* xhf/ u/L sl/a ^ nfv @) xhf/ cd]l/sLsf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] .
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL -23_ c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ sl/a # xhf/ zAb eP k'U5, tLdWo]sf zAbsf] t]O;f}+ ;"rL -efu @#_ • bowl :
gfd– s6f}/f, Kofnf, a6'sf], 8asf, af6f, sxtf/f], cf/L . lqmof– an ˆofFSg', an xfGg', an x'Tofpg' . • box :
gfd– sGt'/, afs;, a§f, k]6L, ;Gb;, 8Aaf, s73/f . lqmof– afs;÷;Gb"sdf /fVg', lxsf{pg', d'Ssfd'SsL ug'{ . • boy :
gfd– n8\sf], l76f], s]6f], s'df/ . • boycott :
gfd– x6s -/f]Sg] sfd_, alxisf/ . lqmof– x6s÷alxisf/ ug'{ . • boyfriend :
gfd– k|]dL, s]6f÷k'?if ldq .
• brain :
• brave :
gfd– dl:tis, lbdfu, dlyËn, lubL, k|ltef, ldhfh, cSsn, duh . lqmof– 6fpsf] kmf]g'{ .
gfd÷ljz]if0f– axfb'/, ;'/f], k/fqmdL, k'?iffyL{, kf}/vL, d'6' ePsf], jL/ . lqmof– ;fdgf ug'{, r'gf}lt lbg' .
• branch :
• bread :
gfd– zfvf, xfFuf, ;'s]sf] 8fF7, 8fnL, cË, kmfF6, ljefu . lqmof– km}ng', zfvf vf]Ng', ljeflht x'g', 5'l§g' .
gfd– kfp/f]6L, /f]6L, afa/, hLljsf, /f]hL .
• brand :
gfd– 5fk, bfu, dfsf{, 6«]8dfs{, lsl;d, k|sf/ . lqmof– lrGx agfpg', sn+s nufpg' . • brass :
gfd– kLQn, lktn] afhf, bfd, pR5[+vntf, lgn{Hh .
• break :
gfd– eË, e+hg, km"6, 6"6, ´u8f, tf]8, cj/f]w . lqmof– ef“Rg', ldRg', tf]8\g', 6'6\g', kmf]g'{, kmf]8\g', r'“8\g', ldRg', pNn+3g jf ljR5]b ug'{ . • breakfast :
gfd– lbgsf] klxnf] vfgf, hnvfO, gf:tf, rd]gf . qmdzM
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ gofF jif{sf] gofF va/ ;g\ @)!# df d'n'ssf ljleGg :yfgdf Go'gtd kfl/>lds -Hofnf_ a9fpg] dfu ul/Psf] lyof] . /fli6«o -;+3Lo_ ;/sf/n] of] dfu k"/f gu/] klg !# /fHon] eg] o; dfutkm{ cfˆgf] Wofg k'¥ofP / Go'gtd Hofnf a9fP . o;/L a9fP/ jfl;+u6g /fHodf ( 8n/ #@ ;]G6;\ k'¥ofOPsf] 5, of] ;a}eGbf a9L Hofnf xf] . bf];|f] :yfgdf cf]/]ug cfpF5, hxfF Hofnf ( 8n/ !) ;]G6;\ 5 . xfdLn] Hofnfaf/] afx]s ;g\ @)!# sf !@ dlxgfdf cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{lkt g]kfnL– efifL e"6fgLsf] ;+Vof, x'nfs l6s6sf] d"No–j[l4, al9 df]n kfpg] sf/af/] n]v]sf 5f}+ . /, o;k6s
gof“ jif{ @)!$ sf] z'esfdgf .
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Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/ Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya