gy{ 8sf]6f, ed{G6 / Go' XofD;/sf
e"6fgL klg 7"nf] ;d"x
@)!$ gf]e]Da/ jif{ % c+s ^%
o; c+sdf s] s] < (What is inside ?)
g
gy{ 8sf]6f ========= !,*@$ ed{G6 ================ !,%#( Go' ≈ofD;/ ======== @,)&^
e"6fgL Ps 7"nf] ;d"x====!
(Bhutanese in big chunk)
e]6/G; 8] s] xf] <==========@ (What is Veteran’s Day ?) g dxFuf / ;:tf /fHo========# (Expensive and least g
expensive states) g
/fHo / hLjg:t/============#
(States and lifestyles) g
gful/s k|Zg–pQ/========$
(Civic Test - One Q/A) g rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb======$ (Most common English words)
gy{ 8sf]6f, ed{G6 / Go' XofD;/ /fHodf a;f]af; ug]{ sfg'gL cfk|jf;Ldf e"6fgL 7"nf ;d"xdf k5{ . gy{ 8sf]6fdf ! xhf/ * ;o @$, ed{G6df ! xhf/ % ;o #( / Go' XofD;/df @ xhf/ &^ e"6fgLnfO{ ;/sf/n] a;f]af; u/fPsf] xf] . gy{ 8sf]6fsf] hg;+Vof sl/a & nfv @# xhf/,
ed{G6sf] ^ nfv @^ xhf/ / Go' XofD;/sf] !# nfv @# xhf/ 5 . ;a} /fHodf nueu *% b]lv (^ k|ltzt uf]/f 5g\ . gy{ 8sf]6f, ed{G6 / Go' XofD;/df qmdzM !=@ k|ltzt, !=$ k|ltzt / @=$ k|ltzt Pl;ofnL d'n'saf6 cfPsf cfk|jf;L 5g\ .
cd]l/sfdf s"n e"6fgL < cS6f]a/ #!, @)!$ ;Dd
cd]l/sfe/ &( xhf/ # ;o !$ hgf e"6fgL k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 .
;aeGbf a9L d]lS;sf]af6 ;g\ @)!@ df lbnfOPsf] lu|gsf8{sf cfwf/df cd]l/sf– e/ x]g]{ xf] eg] c? b]zaf6 cfPsf sfg'gL cfk|jf;Ldf oxfFsf @^ /fHodf d]lS;sf]sf gDa/ ! df 5g\ . To;kl5 & afFsL k[i7 @ df
@ @)!$ gf]e]Da/, jif{ % c+s ^%
/fHodf ef/tsf gDa/ ! 5g\ eg] lkmlnlkG;sf # /fHodf a9L 5g\ . So'af, ;f]dflnof, 8f]ldlgsg l/klAnssf @–@ /fHo tyf rLg, O/fs, DofGdf -adf{_, Sofg8f / Olyof]lkofsf !–! /fHodf a9L 5g\ .
d]lS;sf]nfO{ la;{g] xf] eg] d]lS;sf]af6 cfPsfnfO{ la;{g] xf] eg] !( /fHodf ef/ tsf cfk|jf;L a9L b]lvG5g\ . To:t} ;ft /fHodf lkmlnlkG; / % df DofGdf -adf{_ df tyf O/fs, e"6fg / rLgsf dflg; # /fHodf a9L b]lvG5g\ . yk hfgsf/LM
http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/most-common-immigrant-groups-by-state/
e]6\/G; 8] sf] k[i7e"dL s] xf] < e]6/G; 8]
(Veterans Day)
gf]e]Da/ !! df k5{ . of] lbj; o'4 n8]sf cd]l/sL of]4f (U.S. veterans) sf] ;Ddfgdf dgfOG5 . o; lbg ;fj{hlgs labf x'G5 . klxnf] ljZjo'4sf] o'4 ;lsPsf] lbg kf/]/ of] lbj; dgfpg yflnPsf] xf] . -;lGw eg] clnkl5 dfq ePsf] xf]._ pQm o'4 ;g\ !(!* sf] !! cf}+ dlxgfsf] !! cf}+ lbg -gf]e]Da/ !!_ ;lsPsf] lyof] . z'?df o;nfO{ o'4lj/fd lbj; (Armistice Day) elgof] / ;g\ !(@^ b]lv k|To]s jif{ labf lbg yflnof] . To;sf] !@ jif{kl5 of] /fli6«o labfdf kl/0ft eof] . ;g\ !(%$ h"g ! df o; lbj;sf] gfd km]l/of], / e]6/G; 8] agfOof] . ;g\ !(^* df gofF sfg'g NofP/ o; lbj;nfO{ cS6f]a/ dlxgfsf] rf}yf] ;f]daf/
lul/z kf]v/]n
P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"dL
elh{lgofsf] cfln{ª6gl:yt o'4 :df/s ;fl/of] . t/ gf]e]Da/ !! g} of] lbj;n] w]/} cd]l/sLsf nflu dxTj /fV5 eGg] dx;';
eof] / ;g\ !(&* df s+u|];n] k"/fg} lbg -gf]e]Da/ !!_ d} o;nfO{ ;f¥of] .
@)!$ gf]e]Da/, jif{ % c+s ^%
#
cIfl/sf
;:tf / dxFuf /fHox¿ l8kf6{d]G6n :6f]/ .
sxfF a:bf hLjg ;lhnf] xf]nf < s'g /fHodf a9L sfd e]l6Pnf < sxfF 3/ lsGg ;lsPnf < sxfF ;fdfg ;:tf] kfOPnf < ;a}sf dgdf cfpg] k|Zg x'g\ . o;sf] pQ/ eg] ldh'/L Osf]gf]lds l/;r{ PG8 OGkmd]{;g ;]G6/ (Missouri Economic Research and Information Center; MERIC)
sf ;fy 3/hUuf;DaGwL j]a;fO6 lhnf] (Zillow) / u'hf/f rnfpg] vr{ cflbsf nflu lrlgPsf] j]a;fO6 glDaof] 86 sd (numbeo.
com) /
cGo ;|f]tx?sf cfwf/ df Pp6f ;"rL lgsflnPsf] 5 . pSt ;"rL xfd|f nflu pkof]uL x'g ;S5 .
dfG5]sf] hLjg:t/sf s'/f ubf{ ko{6sLo /fHo ;a– eGbf dxFuf] 5 eg] ldl;l;kL ;:tfdWo]sf] ;:tf] 5 .
dxFuf & /fHo
;:tf & /fHo
-dxFuf] ;aeGbf dfly_ != xjfO{ @= jfl;+u6g l8=;L= #= Go'of]s{ $= cnf:sf %= Go' h;L{ ^= Soflnkmf]lg{of &= sg]l6s6
-;:tf] ;aeGbf dfly_ != ldl;l;kL @= 6]g];L #= s]G6sL $= cf]Snfxfdf %= OlG8ofgf ^= sG;f; &= g]a|f:sf
/fd|f] hLjg:t/ ePsf /fHox¿ dfG5]sf] hLjg:t/sf af/]df
cIfl/sf
cfly{s ;xof]u tyf ljsf;sf nflu ;+u7g (Missouri) sf] cWoognfO{ @$÷& jfnl:6«6n] ljZn]if0f ub}{ lgsfn]sf] csf]{ ;"rL xfdLnfO{ lgs} hfgsf/Ld"ns nfUg ;S5 . cflv/ s'g /fHodf 5, ;aeGbf /fd|f] hLjg:t/ <
/fd|f] hLjg:t/sf /fHo -/fd|f] ;aeGbf dfly_ != Go' XofD;/ @= ldg];f]6f #= ed{G6 $= cfof]jf %= gy{ 8sf]6f ^= sf]nf]/f8f] &= Dof;fRo';]6\; *= d]g
Go' ≈ofD;/sf] Dofgr]:6/sf] Ps jflif{s bf}8 k|ltof]lutfsf ;xefuL (= jfl;+u6g !)= lj:sfG;g
g/fd|f] hLjg:t/sf /fHo -g/fd|f] ;aeGbf dfly_ != ldl;l;kL @= cnfafdf #= csf{G;;
$= j]:6 elh{lgof %= 6]g];L ^= cf]Snfxf]df &= ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf *= n'Olhofgf (= Go' d]lS;sf] !)= hlh{of
$ @)!$ gf]e]Da/, jif{ % c+s ^%
gful/s clwsf/sf nflu cleofg gful/s k/LIff (Civic Test) sf] lstfasf] k|Zg *$ / pQ/M à s'g cleofgn] hftLo e]befj cGTo ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] lyof] (What movement tried to end racial dicrimination?)
<
– gful/s clwsf/ -cleofg_ (civil rights (movement))
cIfl/sf
••
cnfafdf /fHosf] df]G6uf]d/Ll:yt gful/s clwsf/ :df/s cfw'lgs gful/s clwsf/ cfGbf]ng ;g\ !(%$ df z'¿ ePsf] xf], ha ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cd]l/sfsf ;fj{hlgs ljBfnox¿df hfltsf cfwf/df ul/g] k[ys Jojxf/ c;+j}wflgs xf] eg]/ lg0f{o
u¥of] . gful/s clwsf/ cleofgsf] d'Vo p2]Zo clk|msg cd]l/sg (African American) dfly x'g] e]befj x6fpg' / ;a} cd]l/sL hfltaLr k"0f{ tyf ;dfg clwsf/sf] :yfkgf ug'{
lyof] . cleofgdf clx+;fTds /0fgLltx¿ ckgfOPsf lyP, h:tf]M a; alxisf/, wgf{, tyf h'n'; . dflg;x? Psynf]df e]nf eP/ ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf] dfu uy]{ . kl/0ffd:j?k s+u|];n] gful/s clwsf/ P]g !(^$ / dtbfg clwsf/ P]g !(^$ kfl/t u¥of] . gful/s clwsf/ P]gn] ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfx?df x'g] e]befj tyf /f]huf/L / lzIffdf x'g] hflto e]befjnfO{ u}/sfg'gL 7x/ ul/lbof] . of] sfg'gn] clk|msg cd]l/sgx?, dlxnf, / cGonfO{ e]befjaf6 /Iff u5{ . dtbfg clwsf/ P]gn] dtbftf ;"rLdf clk|msg cd]l/sgn] btf{ ug{ ;fIf/tf k/LIff lnPsf] / cGo ljz]if cfjZostfx? k"/f ug]{ lgod cGTo u¥of] .
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 33 c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ sl/a # xhf/ zAb eP k'U5, tLdWo]sf] ## cf}+ ;"rL • chance :
lqmof– bfp kg'{, df}sf ldNg', cs:dft x'g', hf]lvd p7fpg', PsfPs x'g' . gfd– bfp, df}sf, ;+efJotf, eljtJo, slnsfn, ;+hf]u÷ ;+of]u, sfstfnL, 36gf . ljz]if0f– ;+of]u, cfsl:ds, df}sf . • change :
gfd– kl/jt{g, km]/abn, abnabn, r]~h k]m~h, /]rsL, cfgsftfg, k]m/kmf/, 7Ls kl/df0f, ;6xL, x]/k]m/ . lqmof– ablng', abNg', k]mg'{,
;f6\g', ehfpg', kl/jt{g ug'{, kl/0ft ug'{ .
v08–v08df afF9\g' .
• channel :
gfd– :jefj, afgL, rfnrng, lgot, rl/q, ?k, lrXg, cfr/0f, cfrf/, ;bfrf/, Voflt, k|lti7f, k|l;l4, ;'Voflt, ljz]iftf, ljz]if u'0f, ljnIf0f, rl/qan, ;'jfg, nIf0f, k|sf/, kfq, cIf/, 6fFsf, JolQm, st{Jo, k|s[lt, snfsf/÷kfq, l:ylt, ;fx; . lqmof– j0f{g ug'{, k|ltlglwTj ug'{, lrq0f ug'{, s'Fb\g', /]lvt ug'{, pTsL0f{ ug'{ . qmdzM
gfd– s'nf], s'n];f], vf]N;f], k|0ffnL, k/Ljfx, gx/, gfnf, hnlgu{d, s'Nof, hn;+of]hs, ;|f]t, 9n, gfn, wf/f, Rofgn -l6eL_ . lqmof– gx/ agfpg', cfof]hgf ug'{ . • chapter :
gfd– cWofo, kf7, kl/R5]b, k|s/0f, :sGw, sf08, kLl7sf, dxn, v08, ;ef . lqmof– cWofo ljefhg ug'{,
• character :
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ pQ/lt/ yf]/} ;+Vofsf] 7"nf] ;d"x ljleGg /fHodf 5l/P/ a;]sf g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgLsf] Pp6f lgs} /f]rs tYof+s cfPsf] 5 . of] gy{ 8sf]6f, ed{G6 / Go' XofD;/df 7"nf ;d"xdf b]lvPsf] tYof+s xf] . oL pQ/L /fHox¿ Tolt 3gf cfjfbLsf 5}gg\ . k|z:t /f]huf/L klg Tolt b]lvb}g . t} klg k'g:yf{kgfn] Pp6f gofF a:tL agfOlbPsf] 5 . csf{lt/ hLjg ;lhnf] xf];\, ;a}n] ;f]lrG5 . t/ sxfF Tof] xf]nf < pQ/ klg ;lhnf] 5}g . o;sf nflu ljleGg cWoogx¿ rxfg}{ k5{ . o;k6s xfdLn] b'O{6f cWoognfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf oxfF k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+, pkof]uL x'G5 eGg] cfzf;lxt . wGojfb
Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/ Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya