@)!$ cS6f]a/ jif{ % c+s ^$
s'g zx/df slt e"6fgL k'g:Yff{lkt cd]l/sfdf &* xhf/ & ;o &@
o;k6s k[i7
*
o; c+sdf s] s] < (What is inside ?) à s'g 7fpFdf slt e"6fgL <=======! (Citywise Bhutanese in the US)
à @))* otf slxn] slt <=======@ (Resettlement since 2008)
à a9L, sd / gePsf /fHo=======# (Most, least and no resettlement)
à ;a} b]zaf6 jif]{lg slt <========$ (Resettlement form all countries)
à wfld{s cf:yfdf ;+Vof============% (Religions of Bhutanese / US)
à l8eL kg]{ g]kfnLx¿==================^ (DV winner Nepalese)
à ljZje/ g]kfnL–efifL================& (Nepali-speakers in the world)
à gful/s k|Zg–pQ/ *#=============* (Civic Test - Q/A no. 83)
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb #@=========* (Most common Eng. words 32)
Go' XofD;/sf] s+s8{df ;g\ @)!$ ;]K6]Da/ !# df ePsf] gjf}+ ax';f+:s[lts dxf]T;jdf uLt ufpFb} g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL . tl:a/M h'lnof lk|mDofg pNk6{ (Julia Freeman-Woolpert)
;g\ @)!$ ;]K6]Da/ clGtd;Dd cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] &* xhf/ & ;o &@ hgf g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgLnfO{ k'gjf{; u/fO ;s]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!# cS6f]a/ ! df z'? eP/ ;g\ @)!$ ;]K6]Da/ #) df ;lsPsf] cfly{s jif{ -;g\ @)!#÷)!$_ df * xhf/ $ ;o #$ hgf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 .
n n
cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{eGbf o; cfly{s jif{df & ;o sd k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 . k"/} cfly{s jif{sf] tYofª\s x]g]{ xf] eg] of] jif{df ;aeGbf sd k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] xf] . ;g\ @))* dfr{df dfq k'g:yf{kgf yflnPsfn] To;k6s sd ePsf] xf] . n n
cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{ -;g\ @)!@÷)!#_ df cd]l/sfdf dfq ( xhf/ ! ;o #$ hgf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] lyof] . cd]l/sfsf] cfly{s jif{ -cf=j=_ cS6f]a/ ! df z'? eP/ csf]{ jif{sf] ;]K6]Da/ #! df ;lsG5 . cl3Nnf] cf=j= -;g\ @)!@÷)!#_ eGbf o; cf=j= afFsL o;kl5sf k]hdf
@ dfq k'g:yf{kgf yflnPsfn] To;k6s -;g\ @))&÷))*_ sd x'g' :jefljs lyof] .
s'g 7fp“df slt <
o;k6s cd]l/sfsf] s'g 7fpFdf slthgf k'g:yf{kgf
ul/of] eGg] tYof+s k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf a;fO{ ;g{ kfOg] ePsfn] clxn] oxL ;+Vofdf pxfFx? ToxLF a;f]af; gu/]sf] x'g;S5 . sd–a];L x'g;S5 .
/fHosf] gfd k'g:yf{lktsf] ;+Vof -;g\ @)!$ ;]K6]Da/ clGtd;Dd_ != cnf:sf (Alaska)...................................................................!#* P+s/]h (Anchorage)...........................................................!#* @= cl/hf]gf (Arizona)..........................................................@,*&* UofG8]n (Glendale).............................................................!)! lkmlgS; (Phoenix)...........................................................!#** 6S;g (Tucson)...............................................................!#*( #= cs{G;f; (Arkansas) ............................................................... # l:k|ª\u8]n (Springdale)............................................................# $= Soflnkmf]lg{of (California) .................................................!,### cnfd]8f (Alameda)............................................................!^* sfdf{Osn (Carmichael).......................................................$$ Sof:6«f] EofnL (Castro Valley)................................................# kmf]N;d (Folsom)..................................................................!! kmn6{g (Fullerton)..................................................................@ uf8{g u|f]e (Garden Grove)..................................................!! csNofG8 (Oakland)...........................................................@^* :ofqm]d]G6f] (Sacramento).....................................................@*( ;fg l8ofuf] (San Diego)....................................................@%% ;fg k|mflG;:sf] (San Francisco).........................................!^) ;fg xf];] (San Jose)...........................................................!)* :ofG6f Sn]/f (Santa Clara).....................................................$ p8NofG8 (Woodland)...........................................................!) %= sf]nf]/f8f] (Colorado)....................................................... #,)@) c/f]/f (Aurora)..................................................................$*# sf]nf]/f8f] l:k|ª\; (Colorado Springs) ................................@#$ 8]ge/ (Denver)...............................................................@,@^@ s'g jif{ slt hgf < P+unp8 (Englewood).............................................................& UofG8]n (Glendale)..................................................................# jif{ -;g\df_===================================== ;+Vof lu|nL (Greeley)........................................................................( ;g\ @))&÷@))* ========================================= %,#@) n]sp8 (Lakewood)................................................................$ ;g\ @))*÷@))( ========================================= !#,$%@ ;'k]l/o/ (Superior)................................................................!* ^= sg]lS6s6 (Connecticut) .....................................................@^^ ;g\ @))(÷@)!) ========================================= !@,#^# la|hkf]6{ (Bridgeport)............................................................%) ;g\ @)!)÷@)!! ========================================= !$,((( 8aL{ (Derby)............................................................................@ ;g\ @)!!÷@)!@ ========================================= !%,)&) O:6 xf6{kmf]8{ (East Hartford)..................................................% xf6{kmf]8{ (Hartford)..............................................................!(& ;g\ @)!@÷@)!# ============================================ (,!#$ Go' x]a]g (New Haven)..........................................................!! ;g\ @)!#÷@)!$ ============================================ *,$#$ gy{ x]a]g (North Haven).........................................................! ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– &= ˆnf]l/8f (Florida) .............................................................. ^^$ HofS;glen (Jacksonville)................................................^)* hDdf ========================================&*,&&@ dfofld (Miami).......................................................................$ cf]Nof{G8f] (Orlando).................................................................^
;g\ @))* otf slxn] / slt hgfnfO{ k'g:yf{lkt ul/of] <
@)!$ cS6f]a/, jif{ % c+s ^$
-;g\ @)!#÷)!$_ df & ;o sd k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 . k"/} cf=j= sf] tYofª\s x]g]{ xf] eg] of] jif{df ;a– eGbf sd k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] xf] . ;g\ @))* sf] dfr{df
@)!$ cS6f]a/, jif{ % c+s ^$
#
a9L, sd a;f]af; ePsf tyf k'g:yf{kgf gul/Psf /fHox¿ a9L ;+Vofdf e"6fgL k'g:yf{lkt % /fHo != @= #= $= %=
k]G;ne]lgof ........ * 6]S;f; ................ & Go'of]s{ ................ ^ cf]xfof] ................ % hlh{of ................ %
xhf/ xhf/ xhf/ xhf/ xhf/
^ # ^ ( @
;o ;o ;o ;o ;o
&) $@ #^ %) ^#
sd ;+Vofdf k'g:yf{lkt ul/Psf % /fHo != cs{G;f;........................# @= n'lhofgf......................$! #= ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf........%) $= OlG8ofgf.....................!@% %= Go' d]lS;sf]................!@*
k'g:yf{lkt gul/Psf gf} /fHo oL gf} /fHodf k'g:yf{lkt ul/Psf] 5}g M != cnfafdf (Alabama) @= 8]nfj/ (Delaware) #= xjfO{ (Hawaii) $= d]g (Maine) %= ldl;l;kL (Mississippi) ^= df]G6fgf (Montana) &= cf]Snxfdf (Oklahoma) *= j]:6 elh{lgof (West Virginia)
(= jfof]ldª (Wyoming)
6]Dkf (Tampa).......................................................................$^ *= hlh{of (Georgia) ............................................................ %,@^# cNkmf/]§f (Alpharetta)...........................................................*@ c6\nfG6f (Atlanta)...........................................................!,#*% PaG8]n (Avondale)..................................................................$ PaG8]n :6]6\; (Avondale Estates)........................................&% SofG6g (Canton)....................................................................@ Snfs{:6g (Clarkston)................................................... !,&@^ l8s]6/ (Decatur)............................................................!,@$) 8f]/flen (Doraville)..............................................................@@ 8'n'y (Duluth).......................................................................!# n/]G;len (Lawrenceville).......................................................^ lnnag{ (Lilburn)................................................................!$$ dfpG6]g Eo' (Mountain View)................................................! gf]/qm; (Norcross)................................................................!( /;j]n (Roswell)...................................................................!* :g]nlen (Snellville).............................................................!% :6f]g dfpG6]g (Stone Mountain).......................................%)! 6s/ (Tucker).......................................................................!) (= cfO8fxf] (Idaho) .............................................................. !,#*! AjfOhL (Boise)...................................................................&*) l6\jg kmN; (Twin Falls)....................................................^)! !)= Olngf]o (Illinois) ............................................................ @,#^* c/f]/f (Aurora)...................................................................$#^ l;sfuf] (Chicago)...........................................................!,!(^ PeG:6g (Evanston)................................................................# Un]g Plng (Glen Ellyn).......................................................^) UofG8]n xfO6\; (Glendale Heights)......................................#$ df]lng (Moline)....................................................................*% /s cfONofG8 (Rock Island)..............................................@@) lXj6g (Wheaton)..............................................................##$ !!= OlG8ofgf (Indiana) ............................................................ !@% OlG8ofgf kf]ln; (Indianapolis)..........................................!@% !@= cfof]jf (Iowa) .................................................................. &!* 8] df]o (Des Moines).........................................................^(^ xfofjyf{ (Hiawartha)..............................................................& j]:6 8] df]o (West Des Moines)..........................................!% !#= sG;f; (Kansas) ............................................................... %*@ sG;f; l;6L (Kansas City)...............................................%$% cf]e/NofG8 kfs{ (Overland Park)........................................#% ljlr6f (Wichita)....................................................................@ !$= s]G6sL (Kentucky) ....................................................... @,)@$ af]lnª lu|g (Bowling Green).............................................!## n]lS;ª\6g (Lexington).......................................................$#! n'O{len (Louisville).........................................................!,$^) !%= n'lhofgf (Louisiana) .......................................................... $! Aof6g ?h (Baton Rouge)..................................................$! !^= d]l/Nof08 (Maryland) .................................................. !,*&$ aflN6df]/ (Baltimore).....................................................!,##@
$
jif]{lg k'gjf{;
@)!$ cS6f]a/, jif{ % c+s ^$
s]6G;len (Catonsville).......................................................@! 8G8Ns (Dundalk)...................................................................( xfot;\len (Hyattsville).........................................................^ cS;g lxn (Oxon Hill)..........................................................^ l/e/8]n (Riverdale)...........................................................@(@ l/e/8]n kfs{ (Riverdale Park)............................................!! l;Ne/ l:k|ª\u (Silver Spring)............................................!*( 6sf]df kfs{ (Takoma Park)....................................................@ XjfO6 dfz{ (White Marsh).....................................................^ !&= df;fr';]6\; (Massachusetts) ......................................... @,%*$ af]:6g (Boston)..................................................................!&) r]N;L (Chelsea)..................................................................!$! 8f]/r]:6/ (Dorchester).........................................................!@ hdfOsf Kn]g (Jamaica Plain)................................................@ Go' XofD;/ /fHosf] Dofgr]:6/df 6fFl;Psf kmf]6fx?df ljljwtf nf]cn (Lowell)...................................................................!&^ emNsG5 . km]+6f afFw]sL g]kfnL cfdf x'g'x'G5 . tl:a/M /fh]z sf]O/fnf lng (Lynn)........................................................................!## Go'6g (Newton)......................................................................^ ;fpy af]:6g (South Boston)...............................................#@ l:k|ª\ulkmN8 (Springfield)...................................................@(^ ljleGg b]zaf6 cfpg]sf] ;+Vof jfNyd (Waltham)...................................................................! j]n:nL (Wellesley)................................................................!) cd]l/sfn] kl5Nnf jif{x?df jif]{lg a9Ldf *) xhf/ j]:6 l:k|ª\ulkmN8 (West Springfield)..................................&() z/0ffyL{nfO{ k'gjf{;sf] aGbf]a:t ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . oL j':6{/ (Worcester)...............................................................*!% ;a} z/0ffyL{ cd]l/sf NofOG5g\ / ;w}+sf nflu !*= ldl;ug (Michigan) ....................................................... !,^*^ cd]l/sfsf :yfoL afl;Gbf aG5g\ . of] l;df z'?df Uo|fG8 x]a]g (Grand Haven)..................................................%# lyPg, s'g} jif{ @ nfv / s'g} jif{ !( xhf/dfq Uo|fG8 ¥oflk8\; (Grand Rapids)..........................................^$! k'g:yf{lkt u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;g\ !(&% cd]l/sfn] Uo|fG8len (Grandville)..........................................................!( cf}krfl/s ¿kdf z/0ffyL{ k'g:yf{kgf yfn]sf] xf] . ;g\ Xof:n]6 (Haslett)....................................................................^ @)!$ ;Dd cd]l/sfn] sl/a ## nfv z/0ffyL{ a;f]af; s]G6p8 (Kentwood)..............................................................$! u/fO;Sof] . o; ;"rLdf ;g\ @))! otf s'g jif{ slt nfgl;ª (Lansing)..............................................................(!& z/0ffyL{ cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{lkt eP pNn]v 5M l:k|ª\u n]s (Spring Lake)......................................................( jif{ -;g\df_================================ ;+Vof !(= ldg];f]6f (Minnesota) ........................................................ (%@ @)))÷@))! ================================ ^(, **^ O8g lk|o/L (Eden Prairie)......................................................$ @))!÷@))@ ================================ @&, !#! nfp8/8]n (Lauderdale)..........................................................* @))@÷@))# ================================ @*, $)( ldlgofkln; (Minneapolis).................................................$@$ @))#÷@))$ ================================ %@, *&# /f]r]:6/ (Rochester)..............................................................#) @))$÷@))% ================================ %#, *!# /f]hlen (Roseville)..............................................................^) @))%÷@))^ ================================ $!, @@# ;]G6 kn (Saint Paul).........................................................$@^ @))^÷@))& ================================ $*, @*@ @)= ldhf}/L (Missouri) ........................................................... !@@) @))&÷@))* ================================ ^), !(! sG;f; l;6L (Kansas City)...............................................!@# @))*÷@))( ================================ &$, ^%$ ;]G6 n'O; (Saint Louis)..................................................!)(& @))(÷@)!) ================================ &#, #!! @!= g]a|f:sf (Nebraska) .........................................................!,)*( @)!)÷@)!! ================================ %^, $@$ a]nEo" (Bellevue)....................................................................% @)!!÷@)!@ ================================ %*, @#* lnª\sg (Lincoln)....................................................................^ @)!@÷@)!# ================================ ^(, (@^ cf]dfxf (Omaha)..............................................................!,)*& @)!#÷@)!$ ================================ ^(, (&* @@= g]ef8f (Nevada) ................................................................@*% nf; e]uf; (Las Vegas)......................................................@*% ;g\ @)!$÷@)!% df a9Ldf &) xhf/ z/0ffyL{ @#= Go' ÅofD;/ (New Hampshire) ...................................... @,)&$ k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ k|:tfj cl3;fl/Psf] 5 . s+s8{ (Concord)..............................................................!,)*#
@)!$ cS6f]a/, jif{ % c+s ^$
% nsf]lgof (Laconia)..............................................................#% Dofgr]:6/ (Manchester)...................................................(## gf;'cf (Nashua)...................................................................@# @$= Go' h;L{ (New Jersey) ..................................................... #^! SofD8g (Camden)................................................................@$ Plnhfj]y (Elizabeth)...........................................................!% XofldN6g (Hamilton).............................................................% h;L{ l;6L (Jersey City).......................................................!@ lnG8g (Linden)..................................................................!#@ ldn6fpg (Milltown)..............................................................( gjfs{ (Newark).......................................................................* 6«]G6g (Trenton)..................................................................!%) o'lgoglen (Unionville)..........................................................^ @%= Go' d]lS;sf] (New Mexico)..................................................!@* bz}+ @)&! df cfˆgf lktf–dftfsf xftsf l6sf yfKb} Go'of]s{sf PNa'ssL{ (Albuquerque).....................................................!@* sfhL uf}td / >LdtL uf}td . tl:a/M sfhLsf] km];a's @^= Go'of]s{ (New York) ........................................................ ^,^#^ cNafgL (Albany)................................................................#!& Pdx:6{ (Amherst)...................................................................* a|f]ª\s; (Bronx)....................................................................(& a|'slng (Brooklyn).................................................................^ akm]nf] (Buffalo)...............................................................!,^*! PNdx:6{ (Elmhurst).............................................................$! cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; e"6fgL / wd{ lna/k'n (Liverpool)................................................................& Go'of]s{ (New York)............................................................!!^ cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{lkt ljleGg b]zsf dflg;x?af6 lSjG; (Queens)....................................................................@) ljljwtf kSs} aG5 . dfG5]sf] ljljwtf;Fu} wd{, ;+:s[lt /]uf] kfs{ (Rego Park).............................................................% cflbsf] klg ljljwtf b]Vg ;lsG5 . /f]r]:6/ (Rochester)........................................................@,!)% cd]l/sfsf] s"n hg;+Vof sl/a #! s/f]8 ^@ nfv 5 . :s6len (Scottsville)..............................................................@ ;/sf/n] hgu0fgf ubf{ wd{ ;f]wL–vf]hL ub}{g . t/ lkp ;gL;fO8 (Sunnyside).............................................................% l/;r{ (Pew Research) sf cg';Gwfgx?n] hgfPcg';f/ l;/fs; (Syracuse).........................................................!,*&! cd]l/sfdf sl/a &* k|ltzt O;fO{ (Christian), !=& o'l6sf (Utica)....................................................................#!* k|ltzt ox'bL (Jews), )=& k|ltzt af}4 wd{ (Buddhist), p8;fO8 (Woodside)............................................................#& )=^ k|ltzt d'l:nd (Muslim), )=$ k|ltzt lxGb" (Hindu) @&= gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf (North Carolina)...................................@,(%% / cGo 5g\ . ;fnf] {6 (Charlotte)...........................................................!,%@^ o:tf] wfld{s ljljwtfsf] ;fgf] c+z k'g:yf{lkt e"6fgLx?df 8' x f{ d (Durham)..................................................................!@& klg b]lvG5 . e"6fgLdWo] ;aeGbf a9L lxGb" 5g\ eg] lu|G;a/f] (Greensboro)........................................................%$$ bf];|f], t];|f] / rf}yf] :yfgdf af}4 wd{, O;fO{ / ls/fFt xfO KjfOG6 (High Point)....................................................$%$ wdf{jnDaLx? 5g\ . !* hgf cNk;+Vos / wd{ DofYo'h (Matthews)..............................................................!# gv'n]sf JolQm 5g\ . df]l/;len (Morrisville)...........................................................# wfld{s cf:yfsf cfwf/df ;+Vof /fln3 (Raleigh)..................................................................@$% s'g wd{sf slt k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 eGg] oxfF 5M ljG:6g–;]nd (Winston-Salem)............................................$# != lxGb" ============================================================= $(, !)% @*= gy{ 8sf]6f (North Dakota).............................................!,&($ @= af}4 ============================================================== !^, !!! kmfuf]{ (Fargo)...................................................................!,@^& #= O;fO{ ============================================================== &, )^^ Uo|fG8 kmf]s{;\ (Grand Forks)..............................................%!( $= ls/fFt ============================================================= ^, $&@ j]:6 kmfuf]{ (West Fargo).........................................................* %= cGo ======================================================================= !* @(= cf]xfof] (Ohio) ................................................................ %,(%) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Pqmf]g (Akron).................................................................!,&)& s"n =================================================================== &*, &&@ larp8 (Beachwood).........................................................!@@ l;gl;Gof6L (Cincinnati)....................................................&!&
k'g:yf{lktx?sf wfld{s cf:yf
^
l8eL kg]{ g]kfnLx? lr6\7faf6 cd]l/sf cfpg] cd]l/sfn] jif{sf] a9Ldf %% xhf/ le;f hf/L ub}{ lr6\7faf6 ljleGg b]zsf gful/s Nofpg] u/]sf] 5 . tLg jif{df %) xhf/ dflg; cfpg] b]zaf6 lr6\7f el/b}+g . lr6\7f el/Psf ;a} cfpg kfpFb}gg\ . le;f ljt/0f ub}{ hfFbf %% xhf/ jf o;sf] xf/fxf/L k'u]kl5 cd]l/sf Nofpg] sfd /f]lsG5 . of] lr6\7fnfO{ …l8eLÚ (Diversity Visa; DV) lr6\7f cd]l/sf cfpg] / afFsL hLjg oxfF Joltt ug{ rfxg]sf nflu ;aeGbf ;lhnf] tyf ;Ddflgt pkfo xf] . l8eL kg]{ lalQs} cd]l/sf cfpg eg] kfOg] xf]Og . lr6\7f k/]kl5sf k|lqmof 5g\, …km:6{ n]6/Ú, …;]s]G8 n]6/Ú, cGtjf{tf{, :jf:Yo–k/LIf0f cflb . t/ ;]s]G8 n]6/kl5 cGtjf{tf{df hf“bf ug'{kg]{ tof/L, clg cGtjf{tf{kl5 xftdf le;f gk¿Gh]n cd]l/sf cfpg] Uof/]G6L kSs} x'Gg . l8eL k/]/ cd]l/sf cfpg' eg]sf] p;n] oxf“ sfd ug]{ / a:g] clwsf/ kfpg' xf] . of] clwsf/ kfpg] JolSt / kl/jf/nfO{ …lu|gsf8{Ú k|bfg ul/g] xf] . lu|gsf8{ kfPsf] JolSt oxf“sf] sfg'gL jfl;Gbf xf] / oxf“sf] gful/s x'g' xf]Og . gful/s x'g p;n] lu|gsf8{ kfPsf] kf“r jif{ s'g'{k5{ . o;/L el/Psf lr6\7fdf g]kfnLx? klg 5flgg] u/]sf 5g\ . oxfF ;g\ @))! otf 5flgPsf ;a} g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5M -of] cd]l/sf cfPsf g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof xf]Og, lr6\7f kg]{sf] dfq xf] ._ l8eL -s'g jif{sf]_=================================== ;+Vof @))! ==================================================== @$ @))@ ================================================== &@( @))# ================================================ @#@) @))$ ================================================ $@%( @))% ================================================ @^(* @))^ ================================================ !(#$ @))& ================================================ !%@( @))* ================================================ @%^@ @))( =============================================== !*(! @)!) =============================================== @!#@ @)!! =============================================== @!*( @)!@ =============================================== #@%* @)!# =============================================== $#&) @)!$ =============================================== ^)*@ @)!% =============================================== $((!
@)!$ cS6f]a/, jif{ % c+s ^$
lSnjNofG8 (Cleveland)......................................................*^! lSnjNofG8 xfO6\; (Cleveland Heights)............................@%^ sf]nDa; (Columbus)......................................................!,&^^ So'ofxf]uf kmN; (Cuyahoga Falls)......................................!@% 8]6f]g (Dayton).....................................................................(^ o'lSn8 (Euclid).......................................................................@ lkmgL6fpg (Finneytown).........................................................% s]G6 (Kent)........................................................................!)* n]sp8 (Lakewood)...........................................................!$^ /sL l/e/ (Rocky River)......................................................!@ ;fpy o'lSn8 (South Euclid)................................................@) :6f] (Stow)..............................................................................# l:6«6\;a/f] (Streetsboro)..........................................................$ #)= cf]/]ug (Oregon)............................................................... *$) cnf]xf (Aloha).........................................................................! lae/6g (Beaverton).............................................................*! lxN;a/f] (Hillsboro)................................................................@ kf]6{NofG8 (Portland)...........................................................&%^ #!= k]G;neflgof (Pennsylvania).......................................... *,^&) Pn]g6fpg (Allentown)........................................................@@ An' an (Blue Ball).................................................................! qm]ga]/L (Cranberry)...............................................................!& Pk|m6f (Ephrata).......................................................................$ O/L (Erie)........................................................................@,%#% Xofgf]e/ (Hanover).................................................................% Xofl/;ju{ (Harrisburg)......................................................*(& nfgsf:6/ (Lancaster)....................................................!,#)$ n]agg (Lebanon)....................................................................$ ln6\;8]n (Leetsdale)...............................................................# df;{ (Mars).............................................................................@ dfpG6 n]agg (Mount Lebanon)............................................^ Go' xNofG8 (New Holland)......................................................^ k]ga|'s (Penbrook)..................................................................^ lkmnf8]lNkmof (Philadelphia)............................................!,@&% lk6\;au{ (Pittsburgh)......................................................!,&(& /f]l:ng (Roslyn).....................................................................^ :qmfG6g (Scranton)............................................................&&$ ;ljSnL (Sewickley)................................................................^ #@= /f]8 cfONof08 (Rhode Island)...........................................@&^ k|f]le8]G; (Providence)........................................................@&^ ##= ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf (South Carolina).................................... %) sf]nlDaof (Columbia)...........................................................%) #$= ;fpy 8sf]6f (South Dakota)......................................... !,!(@ l;p kmN; (Sioux Falls)..................................................!,!(@ #%= 6]g];L (Tennessee)............................................................ !,^!) PlG6cf]s (Antioch)...............................................................@% d]lDkm; (Memphis)..............................................................!)@ Gofzlen (Nashville)........................................................!,$*# #^= 6]S;f; (Texas) ............................................................ &,#&@ Palng (Abilene)...............................................................%&^
@)!$ cS6f]a/, jif{ % c+s ^$
&
ljZje/ g]kfnL–efifL efiffsf] ;"rLdf g]kfnL sl/a ^) cf}+ ljZjdf af]lng] efiffx?sf] ;"rLdf g]kfnL efiff af]Ng]x? sl/a ^) cf}+df k5f}{+ . vf;u/L rLgdf af]lng] dG8fl/g (Mandarin) af]Ng] dflg; ;aeGbf a9L 5g\ . To;kl5 ljZjsf d'Vo efiffsf ;"rLdf :k]lgz, c+u|]hL, a+ufnL, lxGbL cflb 5g\ .
sxfF sxfF g]kfnL < cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL–efiff af]Ng]x? sl/a # nfv ePsf 5g\ . g]kfnL–efiff af]Ng]x? g]kfnafx]s ef/t, e"6fg, adf{ -DofGdf_, xªsª, a]nfot cflb b]zdf 5g\ . cd]l/sL /fli6«o r/f g]kfnL–efifLx? Sofg8f, …afN8 OunÚnfO{ g]kfnL 6f]kL ci6« ]lnof, lkmgNofG8, -;f+s]lts_ gj]{, :jL8]g, Go'hLNofG8, a]lNhod, hfkfg, rLg cflb b]zdf klg 5g\ .
ef/tsf ljleGg 7fpFdf g]kfnL ef/tsf klg l;lSsd, bflh{lnª, cf;fd, d]3fno, gfufNofG8, dl0fk'/, ldhf]/d, c?0ffrn k|b]z, sf]nsftf, lbNnL, a+unf]/, ljzfvfk6\gd, uf]cf, laxf/, r]GgO{ -db|f;_, d'DaO{ -aDaO{_, x}b/fjfb, pQ/fv08df g]kfnL–efifLx?sf] a;f]af; 5 .
sfddf g]kfnL sfdsf nflu k/b]z hfg]x? stf/, ;fpbL c/a,
clk|msfsf] ;'8fgdf u}/–cfjfl;o g]kfnL dxf;+3 -Pgcf/ Pg_ sf] Ps e]nf . tl:a/M Pgcf/Pg, ;'8fg
s'j]t, o'gfO6]8 c/a Old/]6\;df klg x'g'x'G5 . dn]lzofdf klxn]b]lvsf k'/fgf afl;Gbf / sfdsf nflu hfg] x'g'x'G5 . clk|msfsf w]/} d'n'sdf clxn] g]kfnL sfdsf nflu k'u]sf 5g\ . clk|msfsf k"jL{ e]usf b]zx?df dfq sl/a % xhf/ g]kfnL sfd ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . ef/t x'Fb} blIf0f clk|msf k'u]sf g]kfnLn] ToxfF cfwf ztfAbLeGbf a9L ;do latfO– ;Sg'ePsf] 5 . o:t} bf];|f] ljZjo'4;Dddf o'4sf nflu uPsf w]/} g]kfnL cGo b]zdf klg k'u]sf] cg'dfg ul/G5 .
cfln{ª6g (Arlington)..............................................................# cl:6g (Austin)..................................................................%!% 8fn; (Dallas).................................................................!,^&$ kmf]6{ jy{ (Fort Worth).....................................................!,%*( kmf]y{ jy{ (Forth Worth)..........................................................! Uofne]:6g (Galveston)..........................................................% Uo|fG8 k|]o/L (Grand Prairie)....................................................% xN6d l;6L (Haltom City)...................................................#& Xo':6g (Houston)...........................................................@,!$^ Knfgf] (Plano)..........................................................................$ ;fg PG6f]lgcf] (San Antonio)............................................&(& j6f}uf (Watauga)...................................................................@) #&= o'6f (Utah)..................................................................... !,#$& d'/]{ (Murray).........................................................................@@ ;N6 n]s l;6L (Salt Lake City).....................................!,#)( ;fpy ;fN6 n]s (South Salt Lake).......................................% 6]n;{len (Taylorsville)...........................................................$ j]:6 Eofln l;6L (West Valley City)......................................& #*= ed{G6 (Vermont)............................................................ !,%)& aln{ª\u6g (Burlington)......................................................^&) sf]Nr]:6/ (Colchester)......................................................#%# Pl;S; hª\;g (Essex Junction)..........................................*$ ;fpy aln{ª\6g (South Burlington)......................................^# ljg'l:s (Winooski)............................................................##& #(= elh{lgof (Virginia)........................................................ @,%(& cn]ShflG8«of (Alexandria)....................................................!# cfln{ª\u6g (Arlington)...........................................................* ;fnf]{6len (Charlottesville)...............................................%)# k|m]8]l/S;au{ (Fredericksburg)..............................................!&% XofDK6g (Hampton)...........................................................@!% x]lG/sf] (Henrico)................................................................@)& Go'kf]6{ Go'h (Newport News)............................................!%$ /]:6g (Reston)......................................................................@# l/rdG8 (Richmond)...........................................................^!@ /f]gf]s (Roanoke)...............................................................^!( :6fkmf]8{ (Stafford)................................................................!) p8la|h (Woodbridge)...........................................................%* $)= jfl;+u6g (Washington)................................................. @,%(@ Pal8{g (Aberdeen)..................................................................% Ao'/L (Burien)........................................................................(% 8] df]o (Des Moines)..............................................................% Pe/]§ (Everett).....................................................................@& s]G6 (Kent)........................................................................$@^ n];L (Lacey)..........................................................................&! cf]nlDkof (Olympia).............................................................@* l/rNofG8 (Richland)...............................................................^ l;6\ofs (Seatac)..................................................................$% l;of6n (Seattle)................................................................((# :kf]s]g (Spokane)..............................................................%$@
* @)!$ cS6f]a/, jif{ % c+s ^$
6sf]df (Tacoma).....................................................................@ 6]lggf] (Tenino).......................................................................* 6's\ljnf (Tukwila)..............................................................#!) 6djf6/ (Tumwater)...............................................................* j]:6kf]6{ (Westport)...............................................................@! $!= lj:sfG;g (Wisconsin) ..................................................... #@& lkmrju{ (Fitchburg).................................................................% Dofl8;g (Madison)............................................................@*! ldnjfsL (Milwaukee)...........................................................$!
cd]l/sL ljb]z dGqfnosf] oL tYof+s z/0ffyL{ ljZn]if0f s]Gb|n] s]nfPsf x'g\ .
lzt o'4sf a]nf cd]l/sfsf] ;/f]sf/ gful/s k/LIff
(Civic Test)
sf] k|Zg gDa/ *# / pQ/M ;f]leot ;+3 -;f]leot cd]l/sfsf] d'Vo ;/f]sf/ s] ;dfhjfbL u0ftGq ;+3 ljÈodf lyof] < (During the ÷o'=P;=P;=cf/; Soviet Union; à lzt o'4sf a]nf ;+o'St
;+3aflx/sf b]zx?df ;fDojfb lj:tf/ x'g]df lrlGtt lyP . bf];|f] ljZjo'4 (World War Cold War, what was the main Union of Soviet Socialist II) ePnuQ} lzt o'4 z'? eof] concern of the United States?) Republics or USSR_ zlStzfnL / $) jif{;Dd hf/L – ;fDojfb ÷ sDo'lgHd d'n's rn]sf] lyof] . /Xof] . of] o'4 ;g\ !(*( df (Communism) cd]l/sf / o;sf lgs6sf aln{gsf] kvf{n (Berlin Wall) • • /fi6«x? k|hftflGqs ;/sf/ 9n]kl5, ;g\ !(() df k"j{ lzt o'4sf a]nf cd]l/sfsf] / k"FhLjfbL cy{tGqn] dfq / klZrd hd{gL (East and ;/f]sf/ ljZjsf ljleGg b]zdf JolStsf] clwsf/ / :jtGqtf West Germany) k'gMPlss/0f :yflkt x'Fb} uPsf] ;fDojfb ;+/If0f u5{ eGg]df ljZjf; ePkl5 tyf ;g\ !((! df zf;g k|0ffnL /Xof] . o;} uy]{ . cd]l/sf / o;sf ;f]leot ;+3 ljeflht ePkl5 zf;g k|0ffnLdf tTsflng lgs6sf /fi6«x? ;f]leot ;dfKt eof] .
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 32 c+u|]hLdf af]nrfn ug{ sl/a # xhf/ zAb eP k'U5, tL zAbdWo]sf #@ cf}+ ;"rL -efu #@_ • certificate :
gfd– k|df0f–kq, k|z+;f–kq, dfg÷;Ddfg–kq, cg'dlt–kq, lg0f{o, kq . lqmof– k|dfl0ft ug'{, k|df0f lbg', k|df0f–kq pknAw u/fpg', cg'dlt–kq lbg' . • chain :
gfd– l;qmL, ;fªnf], hlGh/, >[+vnf, åLk;d"x, kj{tdfnf, 36gfqmd, unkmGbL . lqmof– l;qmL nufpg', l;lqmn] hf]8\g', xts8L nufpg' . • chair :
gfd– d]r, s';L{, ;+j]z, u2L, cf;g .
• chamber : lqmof– cf;gdf /fVg', d]rdf a;fNg', kbcg';f/ s';L{ /fVg' . gfd– vf]kL, sIf, sf]7f, sf]i7, sd/f, :yn, ;bg . • chairman, chairwoman : lqmof– sf]7fdf /fVg', ;bgdf gfd– k'?if ePM ;efklt, ;efWoIf, cf;gklt, cf;gfwLz, /fVg', Gofo sIfsf ?kdf cWoIf . dlxnf ePM ;efWoIff, sfddf nufpg', sIfsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' . cWoIff, ;efklt dxf]bof . • challenge :
• champion :
gfd– z]vL, hf]/L, x'Fsf/, xfFs, r'gf}tL, ;d/fXjfg, nnsf/, c:jLsf/, OGsf/ . lqmof– hf]/L vf]Hg', r'gf}tL lbg', xfFs lbg', z]vL vf]Hg', 6Ss/ lbg', nnsfg'{, bfaf ug'{, cfklQ hgfpg', OGsf/ ug'{, c:jLsf/ ug'{, ;Totfsf] k|df0f dfUg' .
gfd– kxnjfg, pTs[i6, /Ifs, ljh]tf, d08nL, axfb'/, bIf, k|jL0f . lqmof– ;dy{g ug'{, arfpg', kIf lng', /Iff ug'{, lxdfot ug'{ . ljz]if0f– pQd÷klxnf]÷dflyNnf] bhf{sf], ;jf]{Qd . qmdzM
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ Oi6ldq vf]Hbf cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgLsf] k'g:yf{kgf ;ft jif{tkm{ nfUbf xfdLn] Psk6s k'g:yf{lktsf] ;+Vof lgofNg] k|of; u¥of}+ . g]kfnLsf z/0ffyL{ lzlj/x¿ kftln+b} hfFbf k'g:yf{kgf 36\bf] 5 . ;g\ @)!@÷)!# sf t'ngfdf ;g\ @)!#÷)!$ df & ;o sd e"6fgL k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] o; k6s s'g /fHosf s'g :yfgdf ;/sf/n] k'g:yf{lktsf] ;+Vof k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ . of] …xfd|f dfG5] sxfF 5g\ <Ú eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmsf nflu xf] . hf] hxfF NofP/ k'g:yf{lkt x'g'eof], pxfFx¿ ;a} ToxfF x'g'x'Gg . t/ Tof] 7fpFdf sf] cfPsf] lyof] / pxfF sxfF ;g'{eof] eGg] kQfnufpg ;lhnf] kSs} x'g] 5 . sof}+ a;fO;/fOsf syf xfdLn] ;'g]sf 5f}+ . xfdL oL tYof+snfO{ k'/fgf] kSs} eGg]5f}+ . wGojfb
Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/, Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya