cfk|jf;L ;dfof]hg ;Dd]ng @)!% hgj/L jif{ % c+s ^&
cd]l/sf a'‰g]b]lv k|ult ug]{;Dd
Soflnkmf]lg{ofsf] n; PGhn;df ;g\ @)!$ l8;]Da/ !$–!^ df ePsf] /fli6«o cfk|jf;L ;dfof]hg ;Dd]ng . tl:a/M sdn a:g]t
cd]l/sfdf jif]{lg s]xL nfv
o; c+sdf s] s] < (What is inside ?) à cfk|jf;L ;Dd]ng======================! (Immigrant Conference)
à Hofnfdf j[l4=============================# (Rise in the minimum wage)
à gful/s k|Zg–pQ/ *&=============$ (Civic Test - Q/A no. 87)
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb #%=========$ (Most common Eng. words 35)
dflg; ;w}+ oxL a:g] u/L cfpF5g\ . oL gofF dflg;nfO{ cfk|jf;L÷Oldu|]G6 (Immigrant) elgG5 . To;}u/L cd]l/sfnfO{ cfk|jf;Lx?sf] d'n's elgG5 . oxfF gofF cfk|jf;L / k"/fgf cfk|jf;L 5g\ . gofF cfpg]n] oxfF hLjgofkg ug{ w]/} d]x]gt ug'{k5{ . olx d]x]gtsf ljleGg ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ ;g\ @))* kl5 jif]{lg /fli6«o cfk|jf;L ;dfof]hg ;Dd]ng (National
Immigrant Integration Conference) x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf]
;Dd]ng ;g\ @)!$ l8;]Da/ !$–!^ df Soflnkmf]lg{ofsf] n; PGhn;df ePsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf g];gn kf6{g/lzk km/ Go' cd]l/sG;
n; PGhn; (Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles; CHIRLA)
(National Partnership for New Americans) / sf]cln;g km/
n] u/]sf lyP . k|fof]hg ug]{ ;+:yfx? w]/} lyP . l8;]Da/ ;Dd]ngdf ^ hgf g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL / Ps hgf g]kfnLsf] ;xeflutf /Xof] .
Xo'dg Oldu|]G6 /fO6\; ckm
;Dd]ng ;qx¿
ΩΩ
;g\ @))* b]lv jif]{lg cfk|jf;L ;dfof]hg ;Dd]ng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ΩΩ
;Dd]ngdf cfk|jf;Ln] ljleGg If]qdf v]n]sf] e"ldsf pbfx/0f;lxt k|:t't ul/P . …;Dd]ngdf ljleGg ;qx? afFsL k[i7 @ df
@ @)!% hgj/L, jif{ % c+s ^&
cfk|jf;L ;dfof]hg ;Dd]ngx¿
;Dd]ng============ jif{ ======================================== :yfg -zx/, /fHo_ klxnf] ============ ;g\ @))*=============================== l;sfuf], Olngf]o bf];|f] ============== ;g\ @))(=============================== 8]ge/, sf]nf]/f8f] t];|f] =============== ;g\ @)!)======================= af]:6g, Dof;fRo';]6\; rf}yf] ============== ;g\ @)!!=========================== l;of6n, jfl;+u6g kfFrf}+ ============== ;g\ @)!@========================= aflN6df]/, d]/LNof08 5}6f}+ =============== ;g\ @)!#======================== ;gL dfofdL, ˆnf]l/8f ;ftf}+ =============== ;g\ @)!$============== n; PGhn;, Soflnkmf]lg{of lyP . lzIff, sfg'g, bIf hgzlQm ljsf;, gful/stf k|lqmof, cfly{s ;+j[l4, kfsf pd]/sf JolQmsf ljifo, cf]afdf s]o/ cflb ljifodf 5nkmn eP,Ú Go' XofD;/sf elu/y vltj8f eGg'x'G5, …;Dd]ngsf] d"n p2]Zo cfk|jf;Lx?n] Ps– cfk;df ;xof]u ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] xf] .Ú …of] ;Dd]ngsf] ;do / :yfg to ePsf] eof] . t/ o;}aLrdf sfuhljlxg cfk|jf;Lx?nfO{ a;f]af;sf] aGbf]a:t ug]{ /fi6«klt cf]afdfsf] 3f]if0ffn] ;Dd]ngdf cln k|efj kf¥of] . pgLx?sf] ;'/Iff s;/L ug]{, lkmtf{ x'gaf6 s;/L arfpg] h:tf ljifox? p7],Ú pxfF eGg'x'G5 . …gofF cfpg]nfO{ k'/fgfn] d2t ug]{ xf] eg] ;dfof]hg ;lhnf] x'G5 eGg] k'li6 u/fPsf pbfx/0f klg lbOPÚ, lkmnf8]lNkmofsf lnnf s'OFs]nn] eGg'x'G5, …d cy{zf:qsf] ljBfyL{ ePsfn] ToxL ;qdf a;] . o;} qmddf Ps jStfn] Go'of]s{ /f]r]:6/sf] 8]/L kmfd{df e"6fgLx? /fd|/L sfd u/]sf] pbfx/0f k|:t't ug'{eof] .Ú …lzIffsf] s'/f ubf{ cd]l/sL ;kgf -cd]l/sg l8«d_ k"/f ug]{ sfd lzIffaf6 dfq ;Dej 5 eGg] a'em]s} s'/f xf] . t/ o;sf nflu w]/} ;|f]tx? ePsf] a'em\g kfOof],Ú
ΩΩ
…;dfof]hg x'g] k|lqmofdf af]Nbf ;lx zAbx¿ xfd|f] Jojxf/sf] 7"nf] e"ldsf k|of]u u/] dfq klg ;dfhdf x'g] yfxf kfOof] . ;fgf]eGbf 3'nldn ;lhnf] x'G5 . ;fgf] s'/f egf}+ g af]nLn] ;d]t ΩΩ 7"nf] km/s kf5{ eGg] pbfx/0f vltj8f eGg'x'G5, …d 8«o' j]:6g (Drew Westen) lzIff;DaGwL ;qdf a;]sf] n] lbg'eof] . sfo{qmddf dnfO{ lyPF . 5fqj[lQx? k|z:t lgs} dgk/]sf] of] lyof],Ú ePsf] yfxf kfOof] . To; s'OFs]n eGg'x'G5, …af]Ng] cltl/St Nofl6gf]df tof/ s;/L < /fd|} s'/f k|;+u kfl/Psf] gful/stfsf] ldnfP/ jf /fd|/L eGg ghfGbf k/LIff tof/L;DaGwL PKk;\ ;'Gg]sf sfgdf ldn]/ (Apps) af/] hfgsf/L ldNof], k'Ub}g . o:tf ljifodf pxfFsf] c+u|]hL jf cfˆgf] efiff dgf]j}1flgs JofVof lyof] . of] ghfGg]sf nflu agfOPsf] xfd|f nflu klg pkof]uL b]v]+ .Ú /x]5 . xfdLn] Tof] PKk;\ j]:6g cfkm}+ dgf]lj1fgsf agfpg]af6 ;xof]u kfpg] If]qdf lrlgPsf] gfd xf] . ePsf 5f}+ .Ú pxfFsf] j]:6g :6«f6]hLh (Wes…ljleGg /fHodf /fd|/L sfd ten Strategies) gfds ;+:yf u/]sf cfk|jf;Lsf pbfx/0fx? cd]l/sfe/ rlr{t 5 . k|:t't ul/P,Ú csf{ ;xefuL …Pshgf s+uf]af6 cd]l/sf Go' XofD;/sf sdn a:g]t cfPsf cfk|jf;Ln] xlnp8 eGg'x'G5, …d Joj;fosf] ;qdf u/]sf] k|ultsf] pbfx/0f a;] . Joj;fo s;/L ug]{ < lbOPsf] lyof],Ú s'OFs]n o;df ;xfotf ug]{ ;/sf/L jf eGg'x'G5, …7"nf] ;d"xdf Ps} u}/;/sf/L lgsfo s'g k6s k'Ug] ePsfn] rnlrqsf] x'g\ < o;df x'g;Sg] 5n– ;kmntf;Fu} xfd|f ljifo nfg sk6, ;f];n ldl8ofsf] e"ldsf ;lsG5 eGg] 1fg ldNof] .Ú cflb 5nkmn eof] .Ú ;kmntfsf s'/f ubf{ n; …of] cfk|jf;Ls} d'n's PGhn;df yfONofG8sf ePsfn] ;a} cfk|jf;L g} eof}+ . cfk|jf;L, ldl;ugdf sf]l/ofsf t/ k'/fgfx?nfO{ cfk|jf;L eGg cfk|jf;Lsf pbfx/0f lbOP . 5f8]/ gofFnfO{ dfq elglb+bf cfk|jf;Lsf u}/;/sf/L pb]snfUbf] /x]5 eGg] k|;+u ;+:yfsf] ;kmntfn] ;+:yfdfkm{t klg gp7]sf] xf]Og,Ú a:g]t ;xof]u ug]{nfO{ xf};nf ldn]sf] eGg'x'G5, …b]zsf] ljsf;df t ;xefuLn] atfP . ;a}sf] e"ldsf plQs} 5 . ;a} ;Dd]ngdf :k]lgz–efifLsf] ;dfg 5f}+ . t/ lsg <Ú ;xeflutf a9L lyof] .
;"rgf cIfl/sfsf] k|sfzg ;+:yf …cIfl/sfÚ n] k/b]z -vf;u/L pQ/ cd]l/sf_ df a:g] g]kfnL–efifL gfgLx¿sf nflu kf7\oqmd agfpg] of]hgf agfPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu g]kfnL–efifL dftf–lktfdfem s]xL k|Zgx¿ /fVg] ;f]r agfPsf] 5 . To;}n] Pp6f ;j]{If0f tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . pSt ;j]{If0f lgDg lnª\sdf 5M https://eSurv. org/?ei&s=LJHDNN_ db6708e
o;df lSns u/L k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm lbg'xf]nf . ;xof]usf nflu wGojfb . 1fgHof]lt s]Gb| Go' XofD;/
@)!% hgj/L, jif{ % c+s ^&
#
21 /fHodf Hofnf j[l$ ljleGg
@! j6f /fHo / /fhwfgL jfl;+u6g l8;Ldf gofF jif{;Fu} -Ps 3G6f sfd u/] sf]_ Go'gtd kfl/>lds÷Hofnf (Minimum wage) a9fOPsf] 5 . of] j[l4kl5 ca @( /fHo / /fhwfgL jfl;+u6g l8;Ldf Ps 3G6f sfd ug]{n] Go'gtd Hofnf -& 8n/ @% ;]G6_ eGbf a9L kfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . -;Fu}sf] gy{ 8sf]6fsf] Nofª\8gsf] v]tL . ;"rL x]g'{xf];\ ._
sd / a9L Hofnf
b'O{ /fHoM hlh{of (Georgia), / jfof]ldª\ (Wyoming) df ;+3Lo Go'gtdeGbf sd Hofnf kfOG5, hxfFsf] Go'gtd Hofnf % 8n/ !% ;]G6;\ 5. ;a}eGbf a9L Go'gtd Hofnf /fhwfgL jfl;+u6g l8;L -$ (=%)_ df 5 . To;f] t sfdsf] cfwf/df Hofnf a9L kfOG5 .
Hofnf gtf]lsPsf /fHo
kfFr /fHoM cnfafdf (Alan'Olhofgf (Louisiana), ldl;l;kL (Mississippi), ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf (South Carolina) / 6]g];L (Tennessee) df Go'gtd kfl/>lds tf]lsPsf] 5}g . bama),
;+3Lo Hofnfa/fa/
;g\ @))( h'nfO{df nfu' ;+3Lo Go'gtd Hofnf -$ &=@%_ oL !$ /fHoM cfof]jf (Iowa), cfO8fxf] (Idaho), OlG8ofgf (Indiana), sfG;f; (Kansas), s]G6sL (Kentucky), gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf (North Carolina), gy{ 8sf]6f (North Dakota), Go' XofD;/ (New Hampshire), cf]Snfxfdf (Oklahoma), k]G;ne]lgof (Pennsylvania), 6]S;; (Texas), o'6f (Utah), elh{lgof (Virginia), lj:sfG;g (Wisconsin) a9]sf] 5}g .
tl:a/M ob' cof{n
ca @( /fHo / /fhwfgL l8;Ldf Go'gtdeGbf a9L Hofnf -;g\ @)!% hgj/L ! cg';f/_
/fHosf] gfd ============================================================== Go'gtd Hofnf )!= cnf:sf (Alaska) ======================================================= $ &=&% )@= cl/hf]gf (Arizona)...................................................... $ *=)% )#= cs{G;f; (Arkansas) ................................................... $ &=%) )$= Soflnkmf]lg{of (California)............................................. $ (=)) )%= sf]nf]/f8f] (Colorado).................................................... $ *=@# )^= sg]l6s6 (Connecticut)............................................... $ (=!% )&= 8]nfj/ (Delaware)........................................................ $ &=&% )*= ˆnf]l/8f (Florida)......................................................... $ *=)% )(= xjfO{ (Hawaii).............................................................. $ &=&% !)= Olngf]o (Illinois)......................................................... $ *=@% !!= d]g (Maine)................................................................. $ &=%) !@= d]l/Nof08 (Maryland)................................................... $ *=)) !#= df;fr';]6\; (Massachusetts)......................................... $ (=)) !$= ldl;ug (Michigan)...................................................... $ *=!% !%= ldg];f]6f (Minnesota)................................................... $ *=)) !^= ldh'/L (Missouri)......................................................... $ &=^% !&= df]G6fgf (Montana)....................................................... $ *=)% !*= g]a|f:sf (Nebraska)...................................................... $ *=)) !(= g]ef8f (Nevada)........................................................... $ *=@% @)= Go' h;L{ (New Jersey).................................................. $ *=#* @!= Go' d]lS;sf] (New Mexico)........................................... $ &=%) @@= Go'of]s{ (New York)...................................................... $ *=&% @#= cf]xfof] (Ohio).............................................................. $ *=!) @$= cf]/]ug (Oregon).......................................................... $ (=@% @%= /f]8 cfONof08 (Rhode Island).......................................$ (=)) @^= ;fpy 8sf]6f (South Dakota)....................................... $ *=%) @&= ed{G6 (Vermont).......................................................... $ (=!% @*= jfl;+u6g (Washington)................................................ $ (=$& @(= j]:6 elh{lgof (Virginia)............................................. $ *=)) #)= jfl;+u6g l8;L (Washington DC)................................. $ (=%)
$ @)!% hgj/L, jif{ % c+s ^&
cd]l/sg OlG8og hghfltsf gfd gful/s k/LIff
(Civic Test)
sf] lstfasf] k|Zg gDa/ *& / pQ/M à ;+o'St /fHo cd]l/sfsf] cd]l/sg OlG8og Ps hghfltsf] gfd eGg'xf];\ . -o'P;l;cfOP;sf clwsf/Lx¿n] /fHoåf/f klxrfg ul/Psf hghfltsf] ;"rL pknAw u/fpg' x'g]5 ._< (Name one American Indian tribe in the United States. [USCIS Officers will be supplied with a list of federally recognized American Indian tribes.]) – r]/f]sL (Cherokee), gfefxf] (Navajo), ;' (Sioux), lrKkf]cf (Chippewa), rS6x (Choctaw), k'oAnf] (Pueblo), ckfr] (Apache), Ol/sf]o (Iroquois), lqms (Creek), ANofslkm6 (Blackfeet), ;]ldgf]n (Seminole), ;fog (Cheyenne), o/fjfs (Arawak), zfgL (Shawnee), df]xLUofg
Yofª\;luleª\usf] rf8, 6sL{ hftsf] r/f] / cflbjf;L ;DalGwt (Mohegan),
≈o'/g (Huron), cf]gfo8f (Oneida), nsf]8f (Lakota), qmf] (Crow), l66f]g (Teton), xf]kL (Hopi), Og'o6 (Inuit) . ••
o'/f]kaf6 gofF afl;Gbf a;fOF ;g'{cl3 cd]l/sg OlG8ogx? xhf/f}+ jif{b]lv pQ/ cd]l/sfdf
a:b} cfPsf lyP . clxn] cd]l/sfdf sl/a % ;oeGbf a9L ;+3Lo ?kdf klxrfg kfPsf hghflt 5g\ . tL hghfltsf cfˆgf ;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts lyltx? 5g\ . cd]l/sg OlG8ogsf ;+:s[ltx? Ps– csf{sf eGbf leGg 5g\ . efiff, cf:yf, ufyf, ;+uLt, / vfgfx? km/s 5g\ . pgLx?sf] z'?jftL Oltxf; x]g]{ xf] eg] pgLx? ufpFdf a:g] / v]tLkftL ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . s'g} ;d"x eg] Ps ynf]af6 csf]{ ynf]df ;b}{ lzsf/ ub}{, vfgf Pjd\ ;|f]tx? vf]Hg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . cd]l/sfsf] ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] cd]l/sg OlG8og hghflt;Fu ;Demf}tfx? u/]/ pxfFx?nfO{ cf/If0fx? lbPsf] 5 . of] cf/If0fn] 3/]n', :jflwg /fi6«x?sf ?kdf klxrfg lbPsf] 5 .
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 35 c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 k}+tL;f}+ ;"rL -efu #%_ • chat :
• cheaply :
gfd– s'/fsfgL, aftrLt, ukm, jftf{ . lqmof– ukm ug'{, aft dfg'{, jftf{ ug'{, s'/fsfgL÷aftrLt ug'{ .
gfd– ;:tf] jf sd d"Nodf . • cheat :
gfd– 7u, wf]s]afh, w"t{, k|j~rs, sk6L, nk/rf]§f, w'tfxf . • cheap : gfd– ;:tf], v}/ft], ;'ky, ;'ne, lqmof– 7Ug', w'Tg', lhK6\ofpg', ;fdfGo, ljgfd"Nosf], df]ntf]n . wf]sf lbg', hfn ug'{, lx:; kfg'{, a}7\ofpg', 5sfpg', 5Ng', ljz]if0f– sd d"Nodf, sd d"Nosf], ;:tf], cNkd"Nosf], sd a]OdfgL ug'{ . bfdsf], ;'ne, sd df]nsf], sd • check : gfd– /f]s, afwf, c8\sf], hfFr, dxÎjsf], tNnf] :t/sf] .
k/LIf0f, /f]stf]s, ?h', le8fg, lgu|x, lgoGq0f, a}+ssf] r]s . lqmof– hfFRg', ?h' ug'{, /f] Sg', /f]lsg', lgoGq0f ug'{, afwf k'¥ofpg', 5]Sg', bfFHg', le8fpg', bafpg', lg/LIf0f ug'{, k/LIff ug'{, aGb ug'{, cj/f]w k'¥ofpg', ekf{O{ lng' . • cheek :
gfd– ufnf, ufnf cfsf/sf] . lqmof– c6]/L x'g', w[i6 x'g' . qmdzM
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ kfOnf alnof] 6]Sg'' 5 gofF ;+;f/df cfof] . efiff a'em\b}g . dfG5] lrGb}g . sfd hfGb}g . nfU5, d]/f] lx+8fO kf] ldn]sf] 5}g ls <Û d]/f] njfO kf] ldn]sf] 5}g ls <Û k|Zg}– k|Zgsf] y'k|f]n] lyR5 . hjfkm 5}g . sf];Fu xf]nf, pQ/ < hjfkm vf]Hg s;n] ;3fpnf < of] d'n'sdf cfPsf] csf]{ xfdLh:tf] s;}n] ;3fpg ;S5 . xf], oxL p2]Zon] jif]{lg oxfF cfpg] dfG5] sf lglDt x'g] …cfk|jf;L ;dfof]hg ;Dd]ngÚsf] rrf{ o; c+ssf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . xfd|f] d'Vo ljifo–j:t' s]jn ;dfrf/h:tf] dfq ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ vf]tNb} hfg] hdsf]{ …cIfl/sfÚn] ug]{5 . yk hfgsf/L lbg]5 . clg, csf]{ jif{ z'? ePsf] 5 . @! j6f /fHodf ePsf] Hofnf j[l4 csf]{ ljifo 5 . wGojfb
Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/, Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya