@)!^ hgj/L jif{ ^ c+s &(
!$ /fHodf Go'gtd Hofnf j[l4 ca @( /fHo / /fhwfgLdf a9L
o; c+sdf s] s] < Rajesh
(What is inside ?) à !$ /fHodf Hofnf a9\of]===========! (Min. wages raised in 14 states)
à gful/s k/LIffsf] c+u|]hL %=======# à à
ljleGg !$ j6f /fHo
;/sf/n] gofF jif{;Fu} -Ps (English section of Civic Test 5) /f]uk||lt/Iff k|0ffnL======================$ 3G6f sfd u/]sf]_ Go'gtd kfl/>lds÷Hofnf (Mini(Immune system) rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb $&==========$ mum wage) a9fPsf 5g\ . of] j[l4kl5 ca @( /fHodf (Most common Eng. words 47)
Ps 3G6f sfd ug]{n] Go'gtd Hofnf -& 8n/ @% ;]G6\;_ eGbf a9L kfpg] ePsf 5g\ . ;g\ @)!^ hgj/L ! b]lv o;/L Go'gtd Hofnf a9fpg] rf}w /fHoM cnf:sf,
csf{G;, Soflnkmf]lg{of, sf]nf]/f8f], sg]l6s6, xjfO{, Dof;fRo';]6\;, ldl;ug, g]a|f:sf, Go'of]s{, /f]8 cfONof08, ;fpy 8sf]6f, ed{G6, / j]:6 elh{lgof x'g\ .
@ @)!^ hgj/L, jif{ ^ c+s &(
of] j[l4df s] eof] < ca Soflnkmf]lg{of / Dof;fRo';]6\;df ;aeGbf a9L k|lt 3G6fsf] !) 8n/ k'u]sf] 5 . oL b'O{ /fHo Ps} k6s ! 8n/ a9fP/ ;aeGbf a9L j[l4 ug]{ /fHo x'g\ . csf{G;n] %) ;]G6\; yk]/ &=%) 8n/af6 * 8n/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 . b'O{ /fHo b}lgs vr{ j[l4sf sf/0f sf]nf]/f8f]df *=@# af6 *=#! 8n/ k'¥ofOPsf] xf] eg] ;fpy 8sf]6fdf *=%) 8n/af6 *=%% 8n/ k'¥ofOPsf] xf] . sf]nf]/f8f]df * ;]G6\; a9] h:t} ;aeGbf sd ;fpy 8sf]6fdf % ;]G6\; dfq a9]sf] xf] . Go'of]s{ / j]:6 elh{lgofdf eg] ;g\ @)!% l8;]Da/ #! s} lbg 3G6fsf] Hofnf a9]sf] xf], ToxfF qmdzM ( 8n/ / *=&% 8n/ kfl/Psf] 5 .
ΩΩ
/fhwfgL jfl;+u6g l8;Ldf !)=%) 8n/ ;aeGbf a9L Hofnf xf] eg] hlh{of / jfof]ldª\, b'O{ /fHodf ;+3Lo Go'gtdeGbf sd Hofnf 5, Ps 3G6f sfd u/]sf] % 8n/ !% ;]G6;\ kfOG5 .
(South Carolina), / à 6]g];L (Tennessee) .
;+3Lo Hofnfa/fa/
rf}w /fHodf ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] Go'gtd Hofnf 5 . of] Hofnf eGgfn] & 8n/ @% ;]G6\; eGg] a'lemG5 . tL /fHo x'g\M à cfof]jf (Iowa), ΩΩ à cfO8fxf] (Idaho), à OlG8ofgf (Indiana), :t/sf] Go'gtd HofnfeGbf a9L à sG;f; (Kansas), kfl/>lds 5 . à s]G6sL (Kentucky), sd Hofnf ePsf /fHo à gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf b'O{ /fHodf ;+3Lo Go'gtd– (North Carolina), eGbf sd Hofnf kfOG5 . tL à gy{ 8sf]6f x'g\, (North Dakota), à hlh{of (Georgia), / à Go' XofD;/ à jfof]ldª\ (Wyoming) . (New Hampshire), oL b'j} /fHodf Go'gtd à cf]Snfxfdf (Oklahoma), Hofnf % 8n/ !% ;]G6;\ 5 . à k]G;ne]lgof Hofnf gtf]lsPsf /fHo (Pennsylvania), Go'gtdeGbf a9L sxfF < Go'gtd Hofnf gtf]lsPsf à 6]S;; (Texas), oltsf j[l4 x'Fbf klg @( kfFr /fHo x'g\M à o'6f (Utah), /fHo / jfl;Ë6g l8;L (Washà cnfafdf (Alabama), à elh{lgof (Virginia), / ington DC) nufot b]zsf à n'Olhofgf (Louisiana), à lj:sfG;g (Wisconsin) . sl/a b'O{ bh{g zx/ tyf à ldl;l;kL (Mississippi), ;|f]tM l8kf6{d]G6 ckm n]a/ / sfpG6L (County) df ;+3Lo ljleGg kqklqsf à ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf
@)!^ hgj/L, jif{ ^ c+s &(
#
c+u|]hL–efêfsf] k/LIff,
gful/stf k/LIff
(Civic
Test)
df ;xefuL x'Fbf tkfO{+;Fu c+u|]hL– efiffsf] 1fg s] slt 5 eg]/ hfFlrG5 . c+u|]hL–efiff1fgsf nflu cIfl/sfn] gful/stf lng]] k/LIffsf] k':tsaf6 c+u|]hL hfFr (English Test) sf] c+z cg'jfb ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; c+sdf xfd|f] kfFrf}+ c+z M ••
c+u|]hL–efiff k/LIffdf tLg
efu %
▪ gf]e]Da/
(November) labfx¿ (Holidays)
▪ /fi6«klt lbj;
(Elect)
▪ x'g'
(have/has)
(Presidents’ Day)
▪ 5÷lyof]÷x'g]5
(Memorial Day)
▪ a:g'÷a:Yof]
(Flag Day)
▪ e]6\g'
(Independence Day)
▪ ltg'{
(Labor Day)
▪ dt lbg'
▪ ;+:d/0f lbj; ▪ em08f lbj;
▪ :jtGqtf lbj; ▪ >lds lbj;
▪ sf]nDa; lbj;
(Columbus Day) c+zdWo] n]vgsf] efu (writing ▪ Yofª\s;\;luleË portion) sf] afFsL c+zM
dlxgfx¿ (Months) ▪ km]a|'c/L
▪ r'Gg'
(Thanksgiving)
(is/was/be)
(lives/lived) (meets) (pay)
(vote)
▪ rfxg'
(want)
cGo -sfd_ [Other (function)] ▪/ (and)
(February)
▪ bf}/fg
(May)
▪ nfO{÷nflu
▪ d]
(during)
▪ h"g
(for)
(June)
▪ oxfF
(July)
▪ df
(September)
▪ sf]
▪ h'nfO{
(here)
▪ ;]K6]Da/
▪ cS6f]a/
(October)
(in)
Yofª\s;\;luleËsf cj;/df 6sL{ (of) gfds r/f]sf] d"lt{ ;hfj6 ▪ df lqmofx¿ (Verbs)
▪ Tof]
(the)
▪ ;Sg'
▪ nfO{
▪ cfpg'
▪ xfdL
(can)
s'g dlxgf slt lbgsf] x'G5 eg]/ l;sfpg] tl/sf
(on)
(come)
(to)
(we)
qmdzM
$
/f]u k|lt/Iff k|0ffnL la6 dfbf{dfb}{
z/L/sf w]/} h}ljs agf]6 /
Hofnfsf] Kofnf
cdc.gov
ljlwx?, hf] /f]ulj?4 sfd u5{g\, To;nfO{ k|lt/Iff k|0ffnL (Immune System) elgG5 . o; k|0ffnLdf sf]ifx?, tGt'x? / c+ux? ldn]/ sfd u5{g\ . u|GyL (glands), xf8leq /ut agfpg] tTj (bone marrow), lkmof] (spleen) cflb o;sf d'Vo efux? x'g\ . o; k|0ffnLn] Kofyf]– h]G; (Pathogens) / /f]ux?sf] hfgsf/L lnG5 . s'g ;'/lIft /f]ulj?4 z/L/ ;w}+ tof/ /xf];\ eg]/ vf]k nufOG5 x'g\ / s'g xf]Ogg eg]/ 5'6\ofpF5 . Psbd} ;/n efiffdf eGg] à ;do ldnfP/ b}lgs ;]tf] /St sf]if (White xf] eg] of] k| 0 ffnLnfO{ ;lqmo ?kdf ;Gt'lnt cfxf/f / blood cell) nfO{ No'sf];fO6\; agfO/fVg oL d' V o rf/ sfd cltl/St tTj vfg'k5{ . (leukocytes) klg elgG5, hf] ug' { k 5{ M à kof{ Kt ;'Tg'k5{ . /f]ulj/f]wL k|0ffnLsf] d'Vo c+z à af/Daf/ xft w'g'k5{ . à tgfj sd ug'k { 5{ . xf] .
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 47 c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 ;trfnL;f}+ ;"rL -efu $&_ • concrete :
gfd– /f]8f, l;d]G6 / afn'jfsf] ld>0f, s+lqm6, . lqmof– 7f]; ?k lbg', d"t{ jf ;fsf/ agfpg', s+lqm6 xfNg' . ljz]if0f– 7f];, vFlbnf], d"t{, :y"n, lglZrt, s+lqm6, k|ToIf, jf:tljs, c+zx? hf]8]/ agfOPsf], OlGb|ouf]r/ . • condemn :
lqmof– bf]ifL 7x/fpg', lgGbf ug{', lj?4 km};nf lbg', sfd gnfUg] 7fGg', lj?4 lg0f{o lbg', ck/fwL 7x/fpg', lvnfk km};nf ug'{, efUodf n]v]sf] 7fGg', /2 ug'{, Hofg ;hfo lbg' . • condition :
gfd– cj:yf, zt{gfdf, zt{,
ult, ultljlw, xfnrfn, rfnfdfnf, xljut, xfn, lgod, lg0ff{os, kl/aGw, bzf . lqmof– dfGg', hfFRg' -dfn ;fdfg_, c;n cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg', /fVg', lgwf{l/t ug'{, lglZrt ug'{, lge{/ u/fpg' jf x'g', l;sfpg', cEo:t u/fpg', k|ltalGwt ug'{, zt{ nufpg', pko'St agfpg', s'g} zt{df Nofpg' jf dfGg' .
lnP/ hfg', k'¥ofpg', n}hfpg' .
• conduct :
• confident :
gfd– rfnrng, cfrf/, k|aGw, Jojxf/, lqmofsnfk, gLot, cfr/0f, a]xf]/f, 9fFrfsfFrf, rfn, rfnf, rfnfdfnf . lqmof– k}/jL ug{', ;~rfng ug{', kl/rfng ug{', rnfpg', cu'jf eP/ sfo{ ug'{, ky k|bz{g ug'{,
• conference :
gfd– k/fdz{, s'/fsfgL, aftrLt, jftf{nfk, ;ef, ;Dd]ng, ljrf/sf nflu ;ef, lzv/ ;Dd]ng . • confidence :
gfd– ljZjf;, b[9 ljZjf;, e/f];f, cfTdljZjf;, e/, cf:yf, ljZjfl;tf, lgZro, uf]Ko s'/f, ;fx; . ljz]if0f– ljZjf;L, ;fv'Nn], cfZj:t, ljZj:t, b[9 . • confidently :
ljz]if0f– cfZj:t eP/, ljZj:t eP/, lglZrt eP/, ljZjf;sf ;fy, lgw{Ss eP/ . qmdzM
ha b}lgs hLjgsf] s'/f cfpF5 . Hofnfsf] ljifo cfOxfN5 . ljZjsf w]/} d'n'sn] Go'gtd Hofnfsf] Joj:yf u/]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sfdf klg o;sf] Joj:yf 5 . ;g\ !(#) sf] bzsdf o;sf] z'¿jft ePsf] xf] . /fli6«o cf}Bf]lus k'g:yf{kgf P]gn] klxnf]k6s Go'gtd Hofnf @% ;]G6\; tf]s]sf] lyof] . ToxL bzs laTg nfUbf lgikIf >lds u'0f:t/ P]gn] ToxL Hofnfb/nfO{ dfGotf k|bfg u¥of] . o;/L Go'gtd Hofnfsf] k/Dk/f a;]sf] xf] . clxn]sf] Go'gtd Hofnf ;g\ @))( h'nfO{ @$ df nfu' &=@% 8n/ xf], h'g ^=%% 8n/ af6 a9]/ ag]sf] xf] . ahf/ efp lgs} a9\of] . To;cg';f/ Hofnf a9]g eGg] dfu p7] . Go'gtd Hofnf &=@% 8n/sf b/n] Pshgf jif{lbg sfd ubf{ !% xhf/ 8n/ sdfpF5 . p;n] tLg hgfsf] kl/jf/ kfNg'k¥of eg] s;/L wfG5 eGg] k|Zg p7]sf] xf] . /fi6«klt cf]afdf Go'gtd Hofnf slDtdf ( b]lv !) ;Dd x'g'k5{ eGg'x'G5 . xf]Og, !%=)) 8n/ x'g'k5{ eGg] csf{y/L dflg; 5g\ . olt w]/} Ps}k6s ga9\g ;S5 . Psy/L cy{zf:qL slDtdf !)=&% 8n/ eP, ;fwf/0f dflg;sf] hLjg rN5 eGg] wf/0ff /fV5g\ . of] rln/xg] k|lqmof xf] . ;g\ @)!$ hgj/Lkl5 !$ /fHon] Hofnfsf] sfg'g ;+zf]wg u/], @^ /fHo / /fhwfgL jfl;Ë6g l8;Ln] Hofnf a9fP . /fHosf klg @# :yfgLo lgsfon] cfˆg} tl/sfn] Hofnf a9fP . ;Sg] lgsfon] w]/}sf] enf] lrtfPs} /fd|f] . o;n] s/f]8f}+sf] hLjg:t/ psf:5 . wGojfb
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada Bhutanese Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut Street, Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com
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