@)!^ ;]K6]Da/ jif{ & c+s *&
v;Lsf] df;'
slt /fd|f], slt g/fd|f] < ▄
cIfl/sf ;d"x
g]kfnLx¿ hxfF k'u], g]kfnL
o; c+sdf s] s] < (What is inside ?) à v;Lsf] df;'M /fd|f] jf g/fd|f] ====! (Goat meat: good or bad)
à d x'FM nf]l/8f /fHo ===============# (I am the state of Florida)
à >lds lbj; =============================$ (Labor day)
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb %#==========$ (Most common Eng. words 53)
à :s"n;DaGwL zAbx¿=================$ (School related words)
ΩΩ
s] ahf/df uf]6 eg]/ tl/sfsf] v;Lsf] df;' vfg] Kofs]6df a]lrg] df;' v;Ls} k|rng ;Fu} uPsf] kfOG5 . x'G5 t < uf]6 t afv|f] xf] . xfdLn] of] rng cd]l/sfdf efn] jf kf]yL n]v]sf] x'Gg . klg b]V5f}+ . vf;u/L s'v'/f jf csf]{ s'/f v;L kfl/Psf] cGo df;' gvfg]n] v;LnfO{ gxf]nf . af]sf knf{ / df;' uGxfpnf eGg] klg x'G5 . rf]vf] dfg]/ vfPsf] xf] .
afv|fM efn] jf kf]yL < v;L eg]/ …efn]Ú vfg] rng xf] . s] ahf/df …uf]6Ú (goat) eg]/ Kofs]6df a]lrg] df;' v;Ls} x'G5 t < Pl;ofnL tyf clk|msL d'n'sdf efn]sf] df;'nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOG5 . To;}n] v;L vf]h]sf] x'g'k5{ . To;}u/L kf]yLnfO{ dftf dfGg] k/Dk/fn] kf]yLnfO{ dfg'{x'Gg
ΩΩ
eGg] dfGotf klg x'g;S5 . …uf]6 ld6Ú eg]/ Kofs]6df lsGbf df;' v;Ls} x'G5 eGg] ePg, jf v;L gkfl/Psf] af]sfsf] knf{ / uGxfpnf eGg] klg x'G5 .
cd]l/sfdf uf]6 ld6 ;d'bfodf ;'lgG5, …cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL–efifL a9]kl5 v;Lsf]
df;'sf] dfu a9\of] . To;}u/L efp cfsfl;of] .Ú of] yf]/} ;To xf]nf . t/ jf:tljstf km/s 5 . To;f] eP s] ;To xf] < s]sf] df;' a9L vfOG5 < s;}nfO{ nfUnfM s'v'/f, ufO{, jf ;'Fu'/ Û< cd]l/sfdf ;]tf] df;' eg]/ s'v'/f / /ftf] df;' eg]/ ufO{sf] df;' vfg] w]/} 5g\ . t/ ;+;f/sf] sl/a ^# k|ltzt hg;+Vofn] v;Lsf] df;' -To;df afv|f] klg kg{ ;S5_ vfG5 . cd]l/sfdf eg] cGo b]zaf6 cfpg]sf] ;+Vof j[l4;Fu} v;Lsf] df;'sf] dfu dfq a9]sf] xf]Og, oxfFsf k'/fgf afl;Gbf cln slnnf] v;Lsf] df;'sf] yk k[i7 @ df
@
v;L /f]hfO < v;Lsf] df;' g} vfg] ePM cfkm}+ vf]Hg' /fd|f] ljsNk xf] . Psb]lv 8]9 jif{;Ddsf] v;L clt /fd|f] dflgG5 . Tof] pd]/– sf] kfOPg eg] @ jif{b]lv c9fO{ jif{;Ddsf] /fd|f] x'G5 . v;L s:tf] /fd|f] x'G5 eGg] hfFRg oL nIf0fx? Vofn /fvf}+M à 6f9faf6 x]bf{ pHofnf], lrNnf], km"lt{nf] / k'R5/ xNnfPsf] 5 eg] To:tf] v;L /f]Hg'k5{ . glhsaf6 x]bf{ cfFvfdf sr]/f nfu]sf], l;Fufg au]sf] tyf d'vj/k/ 3fp ePsf], 5]/f}6L nfu]sf], e'F8L km'n]sf], emf]qmfPsf] v;L /f]Hg'x'Gg . à w]/} df]6f] /fd|f] x'Fb}g . df]6f] v;L–af]sfsf] df;' /ftf] / a9L af];f] hd]sf] x'G5 . To;n] dflg;sf] sf]n]:6«f]n a9fpF5 . v;L /f]Hbf e'F8L nfu]sf] eGbf r':t z/L/ ePsf] v;L /f]Hg' /fd|f] x'G5 cyf{t\ e'F8L emf]lnPsf] eGbf e'F8L ;'s]sf] v;Lsf] df;' /fd|f] x'G5 . à c9fO{ jif{eGbf a9Lsf]
@)!^ ;]K6]Da/, jif{ & c+s *&
kl/sf/k|lt cfslif{t x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . cln w]/} pd]/ ePsf] v;Lsf] df;' eg] yf]/} dfqfdf vfOG5 . cd]l/sfdf slt v;Lsf] df;' vfOG5 eg]/ :ki6 tYofª\s kfOGg . lsgeg] v;L sf6]/ a]Rg]eGbf cfˆg} tl/sfn] ;fgf] lx;fan] sf6s'6 ug]{ jf a]Rg] dflg; a9L 5g\ . t/ ;g\ !(*& b]lv ;g\ !((# ;Ddsf] tYofª\scg';f/ cd]l/sfsf uf]7x?df kflng] v;Lsf] ;+Vof $ nfv !% xhf/af6 a9]/ @# nfv k'u]sf] Osf]gf]ld:6 (Economist) klqsfn] n]v]sf] 5 . of] klg cd]l/sfsf] blIf0f–k"j{df a9L a9]sf] klqsf atfpF5 .
v;Lsf] df;' l5lKkPsf] x'g] / sf]n]:6«f]n;d]t a9fpg] ePsfn] Tolt /fd|f] dflgFb}g . o:tf v;Lsf] df;' ksfpg;d]t ;do nfU5 .
pd]/ s;/L yfxf kfpg] < v;Lsf] d'v vf]n]/ x]g]{ bfFt l5lKkPsf], cufl8 efudf t]l;{g yfn]sf] 5 eg] Tof] kfsf] x'g ;S5 . t/, 6Dd ldn]sf] / rlDsnf] bfFt 5 eg] Tof] ev{/sf] x'g ;S5 .
3/ NofP olb cfkm}+ v;L lsg]/ NofOof] eg] To;sf] Vofn /fVg} k5{ . afFWg] 7fpF hldgeGbf sl/a # lkm6dfly x'g'k5{ . v;Lsf] lb;f–lk;fa a:g] 7fpFdf g/xg] cyf{t\ tn emg]{ u/L agfOPsf] x'g'k5{ . ToxL lb;f–lk;faaf6 :jo+ v;L / :ofxf/ ug]{ JolQm;d]t la/fdL x'g;S5 . lsg]/ NofPsf] v;LnfO{ rfdn, ux'F / lk7f] v'jfpg] rng 5 . o:tf vfB ckr x'g ;S5 / la/fdL kg{ ;S5 . To;}n] ;s];Dd xl/of] 3fF;kft jf bfgf g} v'jfPsf] /fd|f] .
v;Lsf] df;' /fd|f] xf] < v;Lsf] df;' c? hgfj/sf] t'ngfdf /fd|f] dflgG5 -tflnsf x]g'{xf];\_ . To;df klg s/ª\usf] df;' pQd xf] . km/s pd]/sf dflg;df
o;sf kmfObf÷a]kmfObf 5g\ . afnaflnsfnfO{ v;Lsf] df;' v'jfpg} k5{ . v;Lsf] df;'df k|z:t dfqfdf lh+s (Zinc) kfOG5, h'g s]6fs]6L tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lsf nflu /f]u–k|lt/f]wL Ifdtf a9fpg ;xof]uL x'G5 . o;df cfO/g (Iron) a9L dfqfdf x'G5 . o;n] o'jf, j[4j[4f, aRrf / ck/]zg ul/Psf la/fdLnfO{ nfe u5{ . df;'df ;a}eGbf a9L k|f]l6g (Protein) kfOG5 . df+;k]zL tyf z/L/sf cjojsf] ljsf;sf nflu of] cTofjZos 5 . o;df le6fldg (Vitamin), vlgh (Minerals), km;kmf]/; (Phosphorus), kf]6fl;od (Potassium), DofUg]l;od (Magnesium) / lrNnf] kbfy{ (Fat) kfOG5 . v;Lsf] df;' w]/} vfg' $) jif{ s6]sfnfO{ xflgsf/s x'g;S5 . v;Lsf] df;'nfO{ /ftf] df;' elgG5, h;n] v/fa sf]n]:6«f]n (Cholesterol) a9fpF5, h;n] /QmgnL ;fF3'/f] eO{ pRr /Qmrfk, x[bof3ft, kIf3ft;d]t x'g;S5 . o;n] o'/Ls Pl;8 (Uric acid) tyf afy u/fpF5 . dfG5] df]6fpF5 . sAhLot x'G5 . /ftf] df;' cyf{t v;L, af]sf, yk k[i7 # df
@)!^ ;]K6]Da/, jif{ & c+s *&
# ΩΩ /fFuf, aFb]n, e]8f cflbsf] df;'df df;' n fO{ :j:y /fVg lk|mhdf k|f]l6gsf ;fy} lrNnf] -ˆof6L ) ;]G6Lu|]8df /fVg], /fd|/L Pl;8_ klg k|z:t x'G5, h;n] ksfP/ vfg'k5{ . df;'df ePsf] sf]n]:6«f]nn] eGbf ΩΩ ˆof6L Pl;8 (Fatty acid) n] To;df 6«fG;ˆof6 (Transfat) xflg k'¥ofpF5 . pTkGg x'G5, h'g :jf:Yosf v/fa tTj nflu w]/} xflgsf/s 5 . df]6f], sf]n]:6«f]n / ˆof6L Pl;8 pRr /Qmrfk tyf d'6'sf] /f]u ePsf JoQmLsf nflu v;Lsf] ldn]/ v/fa lrNnf] aG5 . ;s];Dd cfFvfn] b]lvg] lrNnf] df;' xflgsf/s x'G5 . v;Lsf] af];f] g} d'6'/f]usf] Ps k|d'v jf af];f] lgsfn]/ yf]/} dfq t]nsf] k|of]u u/L ksfPsf] jf sf/0f xf] . v;L, /fFuf], a+u'/sf] df;'eGbf pl;g]sf] df;' vfg' :j:ys/ x'G5 . t]ndf sf]n]:6«f]n xF'b}g, df5f, s'v'/fsf] df;' vfg' :j:ys/ x'G5 . df;' vfFbf t/ c;+t[Kt lrNnf] (Unsatu;fukft, kmfOa/, kmnkm"n, bxL rated fat) a9L x'G5 . / k|z:t kfgL Pj+ eft, /f]6L w]/}k6s ttfof], plt g}
vfg'k5{ . df;'nfO{ e''6]/ eGbf klg yf]/} jg:ktL jf h}t'gsf] t]n (Olive oil) /fv]/ p;Lg]/ ksfpg'k5{ . To;kl5 r]/L, n;'g, bfnlrgL, cn}FrL, Njfªsf] t]n ld;fP/ ksfpFbf df;' :j:ys/ x'G5 . df;';Fu} u|Lg lrof jf bxL vfg'k5{ . o;n] xfd|f] kfrg k|lqmofdf ;3fpF5 .
e08f/0f df;'nfO{ /fd|f] /fVg lk|mh ) ;]G6Lu|]8 -#@ kmx/]gxfO6_ jf sddf /fVg] / /fd|/L ksfP/ vfg'k5{ . ;|f]tM
ljleGg cg';Gwfgkq, kqklqsf, / j]a;fO6 .
nf]l/8f (Florida)
d nf]l/8f /fHo x'F . d cd]l/sfsf] blIf0f–k"jL{ /fHo x'F . nf]l/8fsf] /fhwfgL 6Nnfxf;L (Tallahassee) xf] . nnn
nf]l/8fsf] klZrddf d]lS;sf]sf] vf8L (Gulf of Mexico), pQ/df cnfafdf
If]qkmn ^% xhf/ & ;o %% ju{ dfOn -! nfv &) xhf/ # ;o $ ju{ lsnf]ld6/_ 5 . nnn
oxfFsf] hg;+Vof sl/a @ s/f]8 ^ nfv !# xhf/ 5 . w]/} hg;+Vof ePsf /fHodf of] t];|f] 7"nf] /fHo xf] . (Alabama) tyf hlh{of (Georgia), k"j{df cfGw| dxf;fu/ (Atlantic Ocean),
/ blIf0fdf ˆnf]l/8f / So'af 5'6\ofpg] ;d'b|L efu 5 . nnn
nf]l/8f cd]l/sfsf] @@ cf}+ 7"nf] /fHo xf] . o;sf]
nf]l/8fsf] d'Vo efiff c+u|]hL xf] . sl/a #) k|ltzt hg;+Vofn] cGo efiff af]N5 . nnn
of] /fHo ko{6g / v]ns'bsf nflu lrlgG5 .
nnn nnn
nf]l/8fsf] cfˆgf] em08f / lgzfgf 5fk 5 . 5f]6s/Ldf o; /fHonfO{ FL elgG5 . nnn
of] /fHosf] ;g\ !*$% dfr{ # ;+3df ;dfj]z ePsf] xf] .
$
cd]l/sfdf x/]s jif{ >lds lbj; (n]a/ 8] ÷ Labor Day) dgfOG5 . o; jif{ of] lbj; ;]K6]Da/ % df k/]sf] 5 . of] lbj; >ldsk|lt ;dlk{t 5 . cd]l/sfdf klxnf] >lds lbj; ;g\ !**@ ;]K6]Da/ % df Go'of]s{ (New York) sf] ;]G6«n n]a/ o'lgog (Central Labor Union) n] dgfPsf] lyof] . o;nfO{ ;g\ !**$ df ;]K6]Da/sf] klxnf] ;f]daf/ ;fl/of] . Ps /fHo x'Fb} csf]{df k'Ubf of] lgs} k|l;4 eof] .
k|l;l4sf sf/0f ;g\ !*($ h"g @* df o;nfO{ /fli6«o lbj;sf ?kdf dgfpg s+u|];n] dtbfg u¥of] / kfl/t eof] . clg ;+3Lo labf;lxt lbj; dgfpg yflnPsf] lyof] . o; lbg cf}krfl/s ?kdf udL{ ;lsPsf] dflgG5 . kf}8g] kf]v/Lx? aGb ul/G5g\ . dfG5] x? 8'+uf yGSofpg yfN5g\ . jgef]h hfg] lbg l;l4g nfu]sf x'G5g\ . o;}lbgsf] xf/fxf/Ldf :s"n v'N5g\ .
sf] ;+:yfks < Go'of]s{df lk6/ Dofsu'of/ DofYo'
(Peter McGuire) jf
-n]a/ 8]_
dol.gov
;]K6]Da/sf] klxnf] ;f]daf/
@)!^ ;]K6]Da/, jif{ & c+s *&
>lds lbj;
Dofs'of/ (Matthew Maguire) dWo] Ps hgfnfO{ o; lbj;sf] ;+:yfks dflgG5 . To;a]nf b'j} hgf >ldssf ;lqmo g]tf x'g'x'GYof] . s]xL k|df0fx?;lxt Oltxf;sf/ DofYo' Dofs'of/nfO{ o; lbj;sf] ;+:yfks dfGg rfxG5g\ .
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 53 c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 lqkGgf}+ ;"rL -efu %#_ • core:
:s"n] zAb
lqmof– aLofF÷kmn lgsfNg', -gd"gfsf] nflu_ uf]n Kjfn kfg{' -oGq n]_ . gfd– r'/f], rd', ue{, aLofF, x[bo, sf]of], cGt/+u, dd{, dxÎjk"0f{ s]xL :s"n] zAb / cy{M efu . à Backpack: k5f8L af]Sg] ljz]if0f– d"n, d"ne't . emf]nf . • corn:
gfd– lgSs}, cgfh, cGg, ds}, 7]nf, d";f], ufF7f], ;Nnf], bfgf, uNnf, wfGo, ux'F . lqmof– bfgf nfUg', bfgfsf] cfsf/ lbg' . • corner:
gfd– s'gf], ;"/, rf];f], rf];] -sf]7f_, sf]Krf], 6f]8sf], d'Vo, s'gf–sfKrf, s'Og]6L, s'Og]6f], cGt/s'Gt/, sl7g cj:yf, -;8s, af6f]sf]_ df]8, bf]af6f] . lqmof– 3]g'{, cK7\of/f]df kfg'{, s'gfdf 7]Ng', 3]g'{, km;fpg' . ljz]if0f– s'gfsf], d'Vo .
à Elementary school:
k|fylds ljBfno . à Grade: sIff . à High School: dfWolds ljBfno . à Kindergarten: lzz'– sIffsf ljBfyL{ . à Middle school: lgDg– dfWolds ljBfno . à Preschool: k"j{–k|fylds ljBfno . à Cafeteria: rd]gf–u[x . à Library: k':tsfno . à Gym: Jofofd ug]{ 7fpF . à Teacher: lzIfs÷lzlIfsf .
• correct:
lqmof– ;Rofpg', ;hfo ug{', ;'wfg{', zf]wg', b08 lbg', h:tfsf] t:t} agfpg' . gfd– ;To, 7Ls, plrt, b'?:t, ;xL, ?h", oyfy{, z'4, ;6Ls, ljz'4, ;+zf]lwt . • cost:
lqmof– df]n nfUg', df]n ug'{ . gfd– bfd, df]n, Joo, kl/Joo, d"No, vr{, nfut . • cottage:
gfd– s6]/f], s'6L/, emf]k8L, s'6L, ;fgf] 3/÷dxn . • cotton:
gfd– skf;, wfuf], ?O{, ;'tL . lqmof– ldNg', d~h'/ ug'{, ldqefj b]vfpg' . • cough:
lqmof– vf]Sg', unf ;kmf ug'{, cfjfh lgsfNg', w]/ af]Ng' . gfd– vf]sL, skm, cfjfh . qmdzM
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ ;ft jif{ k|j]z cIfl/sfn] o;} c+saf6 & cf}+ jif{ k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . dfG5] xf] eg] & jif{ ;fg} xf] . cIfl/sf klg ;fg} 5 . ^ jif{ k"/f u/]/ ;ft nfUbf o; c+s;lxt cIfl/sfdf s"n # ;o &) k[i7 ;fdu|L k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . o;k6s eg] Psbd bz}+ dgfpg] lxGb'x¿sf] nf]slk|o v;Lsf] df;'af/] s]xL cg';Gwfgsf c+zx¿ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . c? df;'sf] t'ngfdf v;Lsf] df;'nfO{ /fd|} xf] eGg] cg';Gwfgn] b]vfPsf 5g\ . of] v;Lsf] df;' vfg]sf nflu v';Lsf] va/ xf] . t/ …w]/} t s]xL klg /fd|f] x'GgÚ eGg] klg t Vofn ug}{ k¥of] lg . of] c+ssf >lds lbj;sf] 5f]6f] kl/ro lbOPsf] 5 . afFsL lgoldt :tDelxt . wGojfb
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada Bhutanese Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut Street, Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com