vfB ;'/IffM kl/jf/sf] ;'/Iff ;kmfOb]lv e08f/0f;Dd
Aksharica photo archives
@)!& l8;]Da/ jif{ * c+s !)@
sxLn]sfxL“ chL0f{ x'G5 . k]6
à à
9':; km'N5 . afGtf x'G5 . kvfnf rN5 . o:tf nIf0fx? vfgfsf] ljiffSttfaf6 x'g] nIf0f x'g\ . vfgfsf sf/0f x'g] o:tf ladf/÷ljiffSttfnfO{ c+u|]hLdf km"8 KjfOhlgª (food poisoning) elgG5 . vfgfsf] ljiffSttfaf6 ;fdfGotofM x'g] nIf0f oLg} x'g\M o; c+sdf s] s] < afGtf, Hj/f], kvfnf, chL0f{ (What is inside ?) cflb . o;sf nflu vfB ;'/Iff vfB ;'/Iff / ljiffSttf============! (food safety) af/] hfGg h?/L (Food safety, and poisoning) x'G5 . vfB ;'/Iffsf nflu hg;+Vof 36]sf /fHox¿==========# d'Vo ?kdf /fvg–w/g, tof/L (States with declining population) / e08f/0fdf Vofn u/] k'U5 .
à ;g\ @)!* sf labfx¿==============# (Public holidays of 2018)
vfgfsf] ljiffSttfn] sdhf] /nfO{ g} b'Mv lbG5 . (I am state of Michigan) o;af6 /f]uL–la/fdL, j[4j[4f, rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb ^&==========$ ;fgf gfgL, / ue{jtL a9L (Most common Eng. words 67)
à d x'FM ldl;ug /fHo==================$ à
sf] a9L k|efljt x'g;S5 <
à sfFrf]
tyf cfwf–kfs]sf] c08fx¿ tyf sfFrf] c08f Ps jif{df $ s/f]8 *) nfv ld;fOPsf vfgfx¿ . vfgfsf sf/0f ladf/ k5{g\, ! nfv @* xhf/ c:ktfn g} à sfFrf] 6';fx? . egf{ x'G5g\, / # xhf/sf] d[To' x'g] cg'dfg ;]G6;{ km/ l8lhh sG6«f]n PG8 lk|e]G;g -l;l8;L_ n] u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 /f]uL– la/fdL, j[4j[4f, ;fgf gfgL, / ue{jtL a9L k|efljt x'G5g\ .
vfB ljiffSttfaf6 @ ;o %) vfnsf ladf/ x'G5g\ . o;sf d'Vo sf/sx? AofS6]l/of, efO/;, / k/hLjL x'g\ . vfBfGgdf x'g] vt/gfs ljif / /;fogn] klg dflg;nfO{ ladf/ kf5{g\ . k|efljt x'G5g\ . Ps jif{df $ s/f]8 *) nfv vfgfsf sf/0f ladf/ s:tf] vfgf gvfg] < vfB ljiffSttfaf6 k|efljt k5{g\, ! nfv @* xhf/ c:ktfn g} egf{ x'G5g\, / # dflg;n] o:tf vfgf vfg] xhf/sf] d[To' x'g] cg'dfg a]nfdf ;ts{ x'g'k5{M ;]G6;{ km/ l8lhh sG6«f]n PG8 à sfFrf] tyf cfwf–kfs]sf] lk|e]G;g (Centers for Disease df;' / s'v'/fsf] df;' . à kf:r/fOh ljlwaf6 tof/ Control and Prevention; CDC) gePsf h';x¿, b"w, b"wsf n] u/]sf] 5 . af“sL k[i7 @ df pTkfbgx¿ .
@
usda.gov
@)!& l8;]Da/, jif{ * c+s !)@
vfBfGgsf] ljiffSttfaf6 aRg] rf/ sbd
cfkm" / kl/jf/nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg'xf];\ ;kmfO xft / vfg]s'/f tof/ kfg]{ 7fpF jf k|of]u ul/g] ;fdfgx? ;kmf x'g'k5{, h;sf nflu af/Daf/ wf]O/xg'k5{ . à
xftM 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ af]s]kl5, zf}rfno uPkl5 jf 8fOk/ km]/]kl5, vfg]s'/f 5'g'cl3 / kl5 @) ;]s]08 tftf]–kfgL / ;fa'gn] xft w'g'k5{ .
à
kmnkm"n / ;AhLM tfhf kmnkm"n / ;AhLx? alu/xg] kfgLdf kvfNg'– k5{ . vfg gldNg] af]qmf / 5fnf ePsf kmnkm"n / ;AhLx? klg kvfNg'k5{ . s8f vfnsf] af]qmf ePsf kmnkm"n / ;AhL ldlrldlr ;kmf ug'{k5{ . o:tf kmnkm"n / ;AhL ;kmf ubf{ ljz]if vfnsf] a'?z klg k|of]u ug'{k5{ .
à
tfkqmd -tftf]_ df /fv]/ ;kmf ug]{, 5'§ofpg], ksfpg] / ksfpg'k5{ . s'g} vfgf lr:ofpg] rf/ sbdsf lgod kfs] jf kfs]gg\ -kf]lnP jf kfngf ugf{n] vfBfGgaf6 x'g] kf]lnPgg\_ eg]/ hfGg ljiffSttfaf6 cfkm" / cfgf] …km'8 ydf]{ld6/Ú -food therkl/jf/sf] ;'/Iff ug{ ;lsG5 . mometer) k|of]u ug{ o;nfO{ vfB ;'/Iff elgG5 . ;lsG5 . o;n] 3f]r]/ leqL efusf] tfkqmd gfKg ;lsG5 .
lr:ofO kvfNg' x'Fb}g . o;df ePsf ahf/af6 lsg]/ AofS6]l/of km}ng] ePsfn] NofPkl5 w]/} ;do aflx/ gkvfNg] ;Nnfx lbOPsf] g/fvL vfBfGgx?nfO{ xf] . /]lk|mlh/]6/df /fVg'k5{ . pa|]– kfa|]sf] vfgf 5f]k]/ jf a§fdf 5'§ofO aGb u/]/ /fVg'k5{ . rfF8f] vl/bf/Ldf k|of]u ug]{ lr;f] kfg'{5 eg] ulx/f] efF8f]df 7]nfuf8L, emf]nf jf /fVg'k5{ . csf]{k6s vfg'kbf{ /]lk|mlh/]6/÷lk|mhdf kmnkm"n, ;AhL, df5f–df;' cflb 5'§f5'§} !^% l8u|L kmx/]gxfO6 jf &$ l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8 ttfpg'k5{ . /fVg'k5{ . à
df5f–df;' sf6]kl5 rSs' / rlkª\u af]8{ ;kmf ug'{xf];\ . To;df klg ;AhL jf kmnkm"n / df5f–df;' sf6s'6 kfg{ km/s crfgf] k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .
vfg]s'/f tof/ kfg]{ 7fp“M vfgf ksfpgcl3sf] tof/L ;lsPkl5 ;kmf ug'{k5{ . vf;u/L t/sf/L sf6s'6 ug]{ crfgf]÷tvtf -chopping board; rlkª\u af]8{_, efF8fs'F8f, rSs', tof/Lsf nflu k|of]u ug]{ 7fpF vf;u/L efG;fsf] l8n -counter top; sfpG6/ 6k_ cflb tftf]–kfgL / ;fa'gn] ;kmf ug'{k5{ . s'g} klg sfFrf] df;' eg]
rlkª\u af]8÷{ crfgf]M
à
/]lk|mlh/]6/÷lk|mhdf km/sM df5f–df;', ;fu–;AhL, kmnkm"n, b"w cflb km/s– km/s 7fpFdf /fVg'– xf];\ . vf;u/L s'g} vfg] s'/f r'lxP/ c?df gldl;of];\ eGgsf o;f] ug'{k5{ .
ksfO vfg]s'/fnfO{ cfjZos
/]lk|mlh/]6/sf] tfkqmd $) l8u|L kmx/]gxfO6eGbf sd /fVg'k5{ . à
;8\g ;Sg] vfgf
df5f–df;', c08f, tf]km", rfprfp÷kf:tf, eft, ksfPsf t/sf/Lx¿, tfhf tfl5Psf jf sfl6Psf kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/L, b"wsf pTkfbgx¿ cflb rfF8f] ;8\g ;S5g\ . à
b'O{ 306] lgod
;8\g;Sg] vfBfGgnfO{ lr:ofpg'xf];\, lsgeg] sf]7fsf] tfkqmddf vfBfGg b'O{ 3G6f– eGbf sd ;do dfq /fVg' /fd|f] xf] . o;nfO{ b'O{ 306] lgod (two-hour rule) elgG5 .
@)!& l8;]Da/, jif{ * c+s !)@
#
cf7 /fHodf hg;+Vof 36\of] cd]l/sL hg;+Vof ljefusf] cg'dfgcg';f/ h'nfO{ @)!^ b]lv h'nfO{ @)!& aLr * /fHosf] hg;+Vof 36]sf] 5 . olb cg'dfgx¿ ;fFrf] eof] eg] of] #) jif{df klxnf] k6s w]/} /fHodf lgjf;L u'dfPsf] klxnf]k6s x'g]5 . o;cl3 ;g\ !(*^ / !(*& sf] Ps jif{df o;/L cf7 /fHon] afl;Gbf u'dfPsf lyP, hlta]nf t]nsf] d"No lgs} 36]sf] lyof] . cfO8fxf] (Idaho) df b|'t ultdf hg;+Vof eg] a9]sf] 5 . To;kl5 g]ef8f (Nevada), o'6f (Utah), jfl;ª\– u6g (Washington), ˆnf]l/8f / Pl/hf]gfsf] a9]sf] 5 .
/fHo / 36]sf] hg;+Vof
!= Olngf]o (Illinois) ========================== ## xhf/ & ;o # @= j]:6 elh{lgof (West Virginia) ========================== !@ xhf/ & ;o *) #= jfof]ldª\u (Wyoming) ========================== % xhf/ % ;o (% $= n'Olhofgf (Louisiana) ========================== ! xhf/ * ;o @$ %= cnf:sf (Alaska) ========================== ! xhf/ & ;o @& ^= ldl;l;kL (Mississippi) ========================== ! xhf/ # ;o !% &= xjfO{ (Hawaii) ========================== ! xhf/ ! ;o $% *= gy{ 8sf]6f (North Dakota) ======================================= ! ;o %% xjfO{, n'Olhofgf / gy{ 8sf]6fsf] bzsdf klxnf]k6s o;/L hg;+Vof 36]sf] xf] .
;g\ @)!* sf d'Vo labfx¿ ;g\ @)!* z'? x'g nfu]sf] 5 . ;f+:s[lts jf wfld{s– afx]s cGo ;a}h;f] cd]l/sL ;fj{hlgs labfx? ;f]daf/ /flvPsf] 5 . oxfFsf] …kmfb;{ 8]Ú / …db;{ 8]Ú df labf lbg] rng 5}g . oL b'O{ rf8 g]kfnL rngsf] a'afsf] d'v x]g]{ / cfdfsf] d'v x]g]{eGbf km/s 5g\ . Yofª\;luleª\u / lqm;d;sf] ef]lnkN6 klg w]/} 7fpFdf labf lbOG5 . o; jif{sf labf o; k|sf/ 5g\M
hgj/L !, ;f]daf/ ============ gofF jif{ (New Years Day) hgj/L !%, ;f]daf/ ========= dfl6{g n'y/ lsª\u 8] (MLK Day) km]a|'c/L !(, ;f]daf/ ========= /fi6«klt lbj; (President’s Day) d] !#, cfOtaf/ ================ db;{ 8] (Mother’s Day)
labf xf]Og d] @*, ;f]daf/ ================= ddf]l/on 8] (Memorial Day) h"g !*, cfOtaf/ ============ kmfb;{ 8] (Father’s Day)
labf xf]Og h'nfO{ $, a'waf/ ============= :jtGqtf lbj; (Independence Day) ;]K6]Da/ #, ;f]daf/ ========= n]a/ 8] (Labor Day) cS6f]a/ *, ;f]daf/ ======== sf]nDa; 8] (Columbus Day) gf]e]Da/ !@, ;f]daf/ ====== e]6]/G; 8] (Veterans Day) gf]e]Da/ @@, lalxaf/ ====== Yofª\;luleª\u (Thanksgiving) gf]e]Da/ @#, z'qmaf/ ====== Yofª\;luleª\usf] ef]nLkN6 labf l8;]Da/ @%, d+unaf/ ====== lqm;d; (Christmas)
$ @)!& l8;]Da/, jif{ * c+s !)@
ldl;ug
(Michigan)
o; /fHonfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf n]lvG5 . d ldl;ug /fHo x'F . ldl;ug, cd]l/sfsf] dWo– klZrdL tyf tfnx?sf] If]qsf] /fHo xf] . ldl;ugsf] /fhwfgL NoflG;ª (Lansing) / 7"nf] zx/ 8]6«f]o6 (Detriot) xf] . n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
MI
ldl;ugsf] j]a;fO6 www. michigan.gov xf] . ldl;ugdf *# j6f sfpG6L (county) 5g\ . n
n
n
n
ldl;ugsf] pQ/tkm{ Sofg8f, blIf0fdf OlG8ofgf (Indiana), / cf]xfof] (Ohio), blIf0f–klZrddf lj:sfG;g (Wisconsin), afFsL Olngf]o (Illinois), / ldg];f]6f (Minnesota) /fHosf] hnIf]q 5 . n
n
of] cd]l/sfsf] !! cf}+ 7"nf] /fHo xf] . o;sf] If]qkmn (& xhf/ & ;o !^ ju{ dfOn -@ nfv %) xhf/ $ ;o (# ju{ lsnf]ld6/_ 5 . n
n
n
ldl;ugsf] hg;+Vof (( nfv ^@ xhf/ # ;o !! 5 . w]/} hg;+Vof ePsf /fHodWo] of] !) cf}+ xf] . n
n
n
7"nf tfn -x?_ /fHo (The Great Lake(s) State) sf pkgfdn] lrlgG5 . n
n
n
n
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 67 c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 ;t;6\7Lcf}+ ;"rL -efu ^&_ • delegate:
;'s'df/, /Do, lgkm/, dgf]/d, lqmof– s;}nfO{ k|ltlglwTj cfgGbbfos, :jflbi6, ?lrs/, ug{ k7fpg', k|ltlglw agfpg', k|jL0f, s'zn, ;'Id, xNsf, gd|, k|Tofo'St ug'{, clwsf/ ;'Dkg' . zfnLg . gfd– k|ltlglw, k|Tofo'St, • delight: ;b:o, 8]lnu]6 . gfd– k|;Ggtf, d+un, dHhf, • deliberate: ;Gt'li6, cfgGb, pNnf;, ;'v, ljz]if0f– hfgfhfgL, ;f]rljrf/ ;'vb j:t', cfgGbbfos jf u/]/ ePsf], ;f]2]Zo, hfgLa'emL cfNxfbk|b j:t', v'zL, xif{ . u/]sf], ;'ljrfl/t, ljd[i6, lqmof– v'zL x'g' jf kfg'{, ;'ljdlz{t, ;':t, dGb ultsf] . cfgGb lbg' jf lng', k|;Gg lqmof– ;f]rljrf/ ug'{, ljrf/ kfg'{ jf x'g', cfNxflbt x'g' . ljdz{ ug'{, ljrf/ ljlgdo ug'{, • deliver: kof{nf]rg ug'{ . lqmof– ;fdfg cflb a'emfpg' jf • delicate: k'¥ofpg', ljt/0f ug'{, bflvnf ljz]if0f– sf]dn, sdhf]/, ug'{, ;'Dkg', lbg', ck{0f ug'{, gfh's, d'nfod, ;+j]bgzLn, /Iff ug'{, arfpg', d'St ug'{,
aRrf hGdfpg] sfddf d2t ug'{, hGd lbg', atfpg', efif0f ug'{, k|s6 ug'{, JoSt ug'{ . • demand:
gfd– cfjZostf, dfu, rfxf, h?/t, clwsf/o'St dfu, xs, cleofrgf, bfaL, k|fy{gf, lh1f;f, cg'/f]w . lqmof– dfu ug'{, dfUg', rfxgf ug'{, cleofrgf ug'{, bfaL ug'{, cfu|x ug'{, cfjZostf x'g', cfu|xk"j{s ;f]Wg', cg'/f]w ug'{, lh1f;f /fVg' . • democracy:
gfd– k|hftGq, hgk|ltlglwåf/f ul/g] zf;g, nf]stGq . qmdzM
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ vfgfsf] csf]{ kf6f]
vfgfn] arfpF5 . vfgfn] df5{ . vfgf;Fu csf]{ vfgf ldl;of] eg] slxn]sfxLF vfgfsf sf/0f x'g] ljiffSttf ePsf] kfOG5 . o:tf] cj:yf z/L/df kfgLsf] dfqf sd x'g glbg' /fd|f] x'G5 . Soflkmg ePsf k]o -lrof, skmL_, /S;L, b"w cflb glkPs} /fd|f] . g/d vfnsf ;fwf vfgf vfP /fd|f] . d;nf xfn]sf], tf/]sf] vfgfaf6 6f9f a;]sf] /fd|f] . o;n] ysfO a9L nfUg] ePsfn] cf/fd ug'{k5{ . olt ;fjwfgL ubf{ub}{ x'g;S5 eg] ;Sbf] rfF8f] 8fS6/L ;Nnfx eg] lng'k5{ . hLjg hlt cfw'lgstf;Fu laTg yfN5, o:tf ;d:of plQs} a9\5g\ . To;}n] l;Sg] sfd g/f]sf}+ . wGojfb
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada Bhutanese Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut Street, Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com