s'g zx/df sfd <
@% 7fpFsf] rrf{
cdc.gov, and dol.gov
@)!& gf]e]Da/ jif{ * c+s !)!
o; c+sdf s] s] < (What is inside ?) à à à à à
sfd sxf“ kfOG5 < eGg]
sfd a9L ePsf zx/================! k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf o'P;P 6'8] (Cities with more jobs) (USA Today) n] Pp6f n]v # xhf/ % ;o e"6fgL===============@ k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 . n]v tof/ (35 hundreds Bhutanese) kfbf{ /f]huf/L;DaGwL sfd ug]{ a+unfb]zdf /f]lxª\Uof z/0ffyL{===# j]a;fO6 Unf;8'c/ (Glass(Rohingya Refugees in B’desh) door) nfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ lnPsf] d x'FM Dof;Ro';]6\; /fHo==========$ 5 . (I am state of Massachusetts) oxfF ;"rLj4 sfdx? rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb ^^==========$ ;'?cftL sfd xf]Ogg\ . lzlIft, (Most common Eng. words 66)
bIf, k|fljlws cflbn] ug]{ sfd x'g\ .
@% zx/ < o;/L agfOPsf] ;"rLdf /f]huf/Ldf klxnf] dWo–klZrdL zx/ k]G;ne]lgof /fHosf] lk6\;ju{ b]lvPsf] 5 . != lk6\;ju{ (Pittsburgh), k]G;ne]lgof @= OlG8ofgfkf]ln; (India-
napolis), OlG8ofgf #= sG;f; l;6L (Kansas City), ldh'/L $= /]ln3–b'xf{d (RaleighDurham), gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf %= ;]G6 n'O; (St. Louis), ldh'/L ^= d]lDkm; (Memphis),
af“sL k[i7 @ df
@
(Minneapolis-St. Paul),
ldg];f]6f !$= xf6{kmf]8{ (Hartford), sg]l6s6 !%= cf]Snxfdf l;6L (Oklahoma City), cf]Snxfdf
!^= jfl;ª\u6g l8;L (Washington, D.C.) – !&= l;of6n (Seattle),
jfl;ª\u6g !*= c6\nfG6f (Atlanta), hlh{of !(= aflN6df]/ (Baltimore), d]l/Nof08 @)= Gof;len (Nashville), 6]g];L
@!= ldNjfsL (Milwaukee, WI), lj:sfG;g @@= ;fg xf];] (San Jose, Calif.), Soflnkmf]lg{of @#= l;sfuf] (Chicago), Olngf]o @$= ;fnf]{6 (Charlotte), gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf @%= 8fn;–kmf]6{jy{ (DallasFort Worth), 6]S;; .
sfdsf ljifoM sd k9fO /fd|f] sdfO, x/fO/x]sf sfd, w]/} sfd lbg] sDkgLaf/] cIfl/sfsf c+sM %#, %* / &$ klg x]g'{xf];\ .
cfly{s jif{ @)!^÷)!&
cd]l/sfdf # xhf/ % ;o %) e"6fgL k'g:yf{lkt ;]K6]Da/ @)!& cGt;Dd s"n (# xhf/ ( ;o !$
Go' ≈ofD;/ /fHosf] x'S;]6l:yt d]G6]lgª OlG8k]G8]G; gfds 8]–s]o/df cfgf] b}lgsLdf Jo:t g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL j[4–j[4f . tl:a/M /fh]z sf]O/fnf cfly{s jif{ ;g\ @)!^÷)!& df cd]l/sfdf # xhf/ % ;o %) e"6fgL z/0ffyL{nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ul/Psf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf] cfly{s jif{ cS6f]a/ ! df ;'¿ eP/
;g\ @))* kl5 cd]l/sfdf klxnf]k6s Ps cfly{s jif{df ;aeGbf sd e"6fgL k'g:yf{lkt ePsf 5g\ .
;]K6]Da/ #) df ;lsG5 . of] tYofÍ ;g\ @)!^ cS6f]a/ ! df ;'¿ eP/ @)!& ;]K6]Da/ #) ;Ddsf] xf] . o;/L ;g\ @)!& sf] ;]K6]Da/ cGt -cfly{s jif{
@)!& gf]e]Da/, jif{ * c+s !)!
6]g];L &= sf]nDa; (Columbus), cf]xfof] *= l;lG;Gof6L (Cincinnati), cf]xfof] (= lSneNof08 (Cleveland), cf]xfof] !)= n'Olen (Louisville), s]G6sL !!= ald{ª\u3d (Birmingham), cnfafdf !@= 8]6«f]O6 (Detroit), ldl;ug !#= ldlgofkf]ln;–;]G6 kn
@)!& gf]e]Da/, jif{ * c+s !)!
#
cfly{s jif{ @))&÷)* b]lv cfly{s jif{ @)!^÷)!& ;Dd
;g\ @)!^÷)!& sf] cGt_ ;Dd cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{lkt e"6fgLsf] ;+Vof (# xhf/ ( ;o !$ k'u]sf] 5 . xfn;Ddsf cfly{s jif{x? x]bf{ o;k6s ;aeGbf sd ePsf] xf] . g]kfnaf6 k'g:yf{kgf aGb ug{ nfUbf / cd]l/sfsf] gofF ;/sf/sf] gofF gLltsf sf/0f klg o;/L 36]sf] xf] .
s"n slt <
:6]6 l8kf6{d]G6sf] tYofÍ– cg';f/ cf=j= @)!^÷!& df ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'ssf
s"n %# xhf/ & ;o !^ z/0ffyL{nfO{ cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{kgf ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ !(&% cd]l/sfn] cf}krfl/s ¿kdf z/0ffyL{ k'g:yf{kgf yfn]sf] xf] .
cf/De ;g\ @))& df e"6fgLnfO{ g]kfnaf6 t];|f] d'n's k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] lyof] . ;g\ @))* dfr{ $ df k'gjf{;sf nflu e"6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] klxnf] v]k g]kfnaf6 cd]l/sf p8]sf] lyof] .
a+unfb]zdf ^ nfv %) xhf/ /f]lxª\Uof z/0ffyL{ adf{ -DofGdf_ sf sl/a ^ nfv %) xhf/ /f]lxª\Uof z/0ffyL{ a+unfb]z cfPsf 5g\ . ToxfFsf] ;/sf/sf] bdg v]Kg g;s]/ b]zaf6 efu]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
sf] x'g\, /f]lxª\Uof < ofGdfsf w]/} dflg; af}4 wd{ dfG5g\ . Ps tYofª\s– cg';f/ ToxfF !) nfv /f]lxª\Uof d';ndfg 5g\ . oL d';ndfgx?nfO{ d'Vo ¿k cj}w a+unfb]zL k|jf;L x'g\ eg]/ e]befj ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . pgL k':tf}+ ToxfF a:b} cfPsf 5g\ . t/ DofGdfsf] ;/sf/ pgLx?nfO{ gful/stf lbg dflg/x]sf] 5}g . /vfOg /fHodf ;g\ @)!@ b]lv ;fDk|bflos lx+;f hf/L 5 . oL lx+;fdf w]/} ;+Vofdf dflg;sf] Hofg uof] / Ps nfveGbf a9L dflg; klxn] g} lj:yflkt eO;s]sf 5g\ .
$ @)!& gf]e]Da/, jif{ * c+s !)!
Dof;Ro';]6\;
(Massachusetts)
o; /fHonfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf MA n]lvG5 . n
d Dof;Ro';]6\; /fHo x'F . Dof;Ro';]6\;, cd]l/sfsf] pQ/–k"jL{ /fHo xf] . Dof;Ro';]6\;sf] /fhwfgL / 7"nf] zx/ af]:6g (Boston) zx/ xf] . n
n
n
n
Dof;Ro';]6\;, cd]l/sfsf] !# j6f ;+:yfkg /fHodWo] Ps /fHo xf] . n
n
n
n
Dof;Ro';]6\;sf] k"j{df cfGw| dxf;fu/ (Atlantic Ocean), blIf0fdf sg]l6s6 (Connecticut) tyf /f]8 cfONof08 (Rhode Island), pQ/df Go' XofD;/ (New Hampshire) tyf ed{G6 (Vermont) / klZrddf Go'of]s{ (New York) /fHo 5g\ . n
n
n
ju{ lsnf]ld6/_ 5 . n
n
Dof;Ro';]6\;df !$ j6f sfpG6L (county) 5g\ . n
n
n
of] cd]l/sfsf] $$ cf}+ 7"nf] /fHo xf] . o;sf] If]qkmn !) xhf/ % ;o ^% ju{ dfOn -@& xhf/ # ;o #&
n
n
Dof;Ro';]6\;sf] hg;+Vof ^* nfv %( xhf/ * ;o !( 5 . w]/} hg;+Vof ePsf /fHodf of] !% cf}+ xf] . Go' O+uNof08 (New England) eg]/ lrlgg] o; If]qsf ^ /fHodWo] of] 3gf cfjfbL ePsf] /fHodf xf] . n
n
Dof;Ro';]6\;sf] j]a;fO6 www.mass. gov xf] . n
n
n
n
n
n
o; /fHonfO{ a] :6]6 (The Bay State) sf pkgfdn] lrlgG5 .
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 66 c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 5o;6\7Lcf}+ ;"rL -efu ^^_ • defeat:
lqmof– x/fpg', k/f:t ug{', 3f]K6ofpg', kmTo ug{', ax;df 7]pNofpg', eUg ;+sNk u/fpg', km]n Vjfpg', n't] sfg nfpg', lg/fzf x'g', ljkmn kfg'{, lgikmn kfg'{ . gfd– x/n, xf/, k/fho, c;kmntf, ljkmntf, kN6fjfhL, a/afbL . • defence:
gfd– /Iff, arfp, k|lt/Iff, k|ltjfb, arfpsf] k|aGw, kIfkf]if0f, k'li6, df]rf{aGbL, k|lt/Iff;DaGwL ax; . • defend:
lqmof– arfpg', /Iff ug{',
/f]Sg', x6fpg', k|ltjfbL lbg' jf p;sf tkm{af6 ax; ug{', cf]8 ug{', k|lt/Iff ug'{, ;dy{g ug'{, k|ltjfb ug'{ . • deficit:
gfd– 3f6f, Go"gtf, sdL, cNktf, gk'u, 36L, ck'u . • define:
lqmof– kl/efiff ug{', kl/eflift ug{', ;Ldf l:y/ ug{', :ki6 kfg'{, cfsf/ :ki6;Fu b]vfpg', JofVof ug{', nIf0f atfpg', ls6fg ug{', xb tf]Sg' . • definite:
gfd– v;f]vf;, 7f]s'jf, lgot, lglZrt, lglb{i6, kSsf, :ki6, ;fkm ;fkm, lgZrofTds .
• definition:
gfd– kl/efiff, :ki6 ljj/0f, lg?k0f, JofVof, lgZrog . • degree:
gfd– kb, >]0fL, bhf{, :yfg, kbjL, pkflw, kof{o, cf1lKt, k|df0f–kq, k|dfl0fsf, lsQf, dfqf, sf]l6, 3ft, kf/f, c+z, tfkdfg, l:ylt, qmd, sbd, kl/df0f, pkflw–kq . • delay:
lqmof– l9nf] ug'{ jf x'g', AofFnf] ug'{, lwªGofO ug'{, a]/ ug'{ jf x'g', ljnDa ug'{ jf x'g' . lqmof–ljz]if0f– l9nfO, ;':tL, 6fnd6f]n, AofFnf], ljnDa, :yug, ca]/, ca]nf . qmdzM
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ dfdeGbf sfd
;]K6]Da/ clGtd;Dd cd]l/sfdf # xhf/ % ;o %) e"6fgL k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 . ;g\ @))* df z'¿ ePotf Pp6f cfly{s jif{df ;aeGbf sd k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] xf] . g]kfnaf6 n}hfg] qmd /f]lsg nfUg' / cd]l/sfsf] gofF gLlt Ps} a]nf k/]sf] 5 . ;+of]u klg eGg'k5{ . cd]l/sfn] 36fP klg s6fP klg /f]s]sf] eg] 5}g . /f]Sg' klg x'Fb}g . k'g:yf{kgfsf] sfd uj{sf] ljifo xf] . sfdsf ljifodf xfdLn] gofF hfgsf/L lbPsf 5f}+ . of] cd]l/sfdf htf sfd, ptf g} hfd . dfG5]nfO{ dfdn] eGbf tfG5 sfdn], of] cd]l/sfdf . wGojfb
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada Bhutanese Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut Street, Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com