g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL ;|i6fsf b'O{ e]nf uLt-;+uLt, efiff / ;flxTosf] @)!* h'nfO{ jif{ * c+s !)(
;g\ @)!* d] @^–@& df hlh{of /fHosf] P6\nfG6fdf e]nf ePsf g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL uLt–;+uLtsdL{x¿sf] ;+:yf e"6\lgh cd]l/sg Do'lhs Pzf]l;o;g -afdf_ sf] g]t[Tj . tl:a/M afdf
kl5Nnf s]xL ;ftf cd]l/sfdf
o; c+sdf s] s] < (What is inside ?) g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgLsf b'O{ ;Dd]ngdf ;dfhk|lt ;|i6fsf of]ubfgsf] ;dLIff (Review of the creators’ contributions to community at the two conferences of Nepali speaking Bhutanese )
ePsf g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgLsf b'O{ ;Dd]ngdf ;dfhk|lt ;|i6fsf of]ubfgsf] ;dLIff ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] eof] .
uLt–;+uLtsdL{ Psynf]df ;g\ @)!* d] @^–@& sf] e"6\lgh cd]l/sg Do'lhs Pzf]l;o;g -afdf_ sf] hlh{ofdf ePsf] klxnf]
;Dd]ng k'gjf{;kl5 g]kfnL uLt–;+uLtsd{sf] d"Nofª\sg, ;d:of, cfufdL lbgsf of]hgf cflbdf s]lGb|t /Xof] . @–lbg] ;Dd]ngdf cu|h ;+uLt;fws k|tfk ;'AafnfO{ ;Ddfg, uLt tyf g[To;lxt Ps gofF PnadM xl/ kf}8]nsf] …lsg o:tf] ef] <Ú, # lel8of] ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] lyof] .
afdf pkfWoIf v]d l/hfnsf cg';f/ klxnf] lbg sl/a * bh{g uLt–;+uLtsdL{ uDeL/ 5nkmndf h'6] eg] :yfgLo;lxt @ ;oeGbf a9Lsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . e"6fgL–d"nsf uLt–;+uLt ;fwsnfO{ Psynf]df Nofpg] tyf cd]l/sg e"6\lgh snf– af“sL k[i7 @ df
@ @)!* h'nfO{, jif{ * c+s !)(
;g\ @)!* h"g (–!) df cf]xfof]sf] l;lG;Gof6Ldf ePsf] e"6fgL ;flxTo dxf]T;j tyf ;flxTo kl/ifb\, e"6fg ;Dd]ngsf ;xefuL . tl:a/M xl/ ;'j]bL
nfO{ ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g, / ljsf;sf] nIo /fv]/ ;g\ @)!& h"g !& df cf]xfof]sf] l;lG;Gof6Ldf afdfsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . uLt–;+uLtsdL{n] :yfkgfsfnsf agfPsf] tby{ ;ldltnfO{ cfpFbf] # jif{ g]t[Tjsf sdfg lhDdf lbP/ ;Dd]ngsf] la6 df/]sf lyP . ;ldltsf] cWoIf ljsf; /fO{, pkfWoIf v]d l/hfn, ;lrj nfldg tfdfË, pk–;lrj g/]z uf}td, sf]iffWoIf 6Lsf nfld5fg], / af]8{ ;b:ox¿M cDa/ t'Dafkf] ;'Aaf / 8Da/ vfk'Ë x'g'x'G5 .
efiff–;flxTosdL{sf] cf}8fxf …xfdL efiffs} sf/0f e"6fgaf6 nv]l6cf}+ . efiff /Iff ug{ o:tf] ;lhnf] 7fpFdf xfdLn] efiff arfpg ;S5f}+,Ú cf]xfof]sf] l;lG;Gof6Ldf
ePsf] csf]{ ;Dd]ngdf cfˆgf] …k'gjf{;kl5 g]kfnL efiffM ;d:of / r'gf}tLÚ ljifos sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ ;flxTosf/ uËf/fd clwsf/L nfld6f/]n] eGg'eof] …cem} klg sl/a *% k|ltzt kl/jf/ g]kfnL efiff l;Sg jf l;sfpg] kIfdf b]lvPsf] 5 .Ú lzlj/df /xFbf ;g\ !((# dfr{ !& df :yflkt ;flxTo kl/ifb\ e"6fgn] of] ;Dd]ng u/]sf] lyof] . …e"6fgL ;flxTo dxf]T;j tyf ;flxTo kl/ifb, e"6fg ;Dd]ngÚ gfds of] e]nf cd]l/sfdf e"6fgL k'g:yf{lkt ePkl5sf] a[xt\ e]nf xf] . h"g (–!) sf] o; ;Dd]ngdf g]kfn, ci6«]lnof, Sofg8f, gj]{, / cd]l/sfdf ljleGg /fHosf k|ltlglwsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . ;flxTo kl/ifb\, e"6fg g]kfnL–efifL
e"6fgL ;flxTosf] ;a}eGbf h]7f] ;+:yf xf] . :yfkgf x'Fbf o;sf] gfd g]kfnL efiff kl/ifb\, e"6fg lyof] . ;g\ @))$ df o; ;+:yfnfO{ g]kfnL ;flxTo kl/ifb\, e"6fgdf ¿kfGt/0f ul/of] . o;nfO{ ;g\ @)!! df e"6fg ;flxTo kl/ifb\sf ¿kdf ¿kfGtl/t ul/of] . ;+:yfnfO{ arfP/ Nofpg lgs} xDd] k/]sf] lyof] . o:t} /Iff lglDt ;g\ @)!$ l8;]Da/df kl/ifb\n] gofF af]8{ ckm\ l8/]S6;{ / sfo{;ldlt;lxtsf] kfPsf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!^ df cd]l/sfdf u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfsf ¿kdf btf{ ePkl5 ;+:yfn] ult lnPsf] xf] .
ljleGg ljrf/ k|:t't sfo{qmddf jl/i6 ufos k|tfk ;'Aafn] s'g} a]nf a+ufnL lj1fkg ;'Gbf cfkm"nfO{ slxn] g]kfnL lj1fkg cfpnf eGg]
af“sL k[i7 # df
@)!* h'nfO{, jif{ * c+s !)(
# k|Zgn] ;tfpFYof] eGb} cfˆgf] lrgf/L arfO/fVg efiff arfpg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . g]kfnsf] ;flxToh:t} e"6fgdf g]kfnL efiff / ;flxTodf agf/;df k9\g]sf] k|efj lyof] . …e"6fgsf] g]kfnL efiff–;flxlTos cfGbf]ngdf agf/;sf] of]ubfgÚ ljifos sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ 8f= nIdLgf/fo0f 9sfnn] eGg'eof], …;g\ !(() k"j{ n]Vg] e"6fgL n]vGt]x¿ k|fo;\ ef/tsf agf/;, j[Gbfjglt/sf pTkfbg x'g\ .Ú …e"6fgsf] g]kfnL ;flxToM s]lx lrGtg s]lx ljr/0fÚ gfds ;dLIff k|:t't ub}{ lzjnfn bfxfnn] e"6fgsf] g]kfnL ;flxTosf] lqmof– zLntfaf/] Oltxf; s]nfpg'ePsf] lyof] . agf/;af6} PdP u/]sf lvd vltj8fn] cfˆgf] sfo{kq …xfd|f] g]kfnL efiffsf] cfjZostf, ljz]iftf / ;+jb{\wgsf pkfox¿Ú df eGg'eof], …klxnf] / rf}yf] ju{sf] ;do jf xh'/af / gfltsf] ;do eg]/ sd;]sd xKtfsf] Pslbg eP klg ufpFvfg] syf, nf]ssyf, e"6fgsf syf, ;/sf/n] u/]sf cTofrf/sf syf cflb
k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sjoqL dfof e§/fO{ cfˆgf] zf/Ll/s b'a{ntfnfO{ c6]/ ub}{ sfo{qmd cfP/ sljtf ;'gfpFbf w]/}sf z/L/df /f}+ l;l/ª\u ePsf lyP . kl5Nnf lbgdf lgs} rrf{df cfPsf] …e"6fg !(()P;\Ú lzif{ssf] uLtsf ufos ljZj lzafn] olx uLt ufP/ w]/}sf] tfnL kfpg'eof] .
ljdf]lrt s[lt
eGg nufpg] / ;'Gg] nufpg] ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fd"lxs ¿kdf ug{'kg]{ klxnf] sfd xf] …cleefjs hfu/0fÚ . olb xfdLn] g} ug{ ;s]gf}F eg] xfdL kl5sf] lkF9Ln] t kSs} klg ug]{5}g lsgls Tof] kL8f, Tof] syf clg Tof] Joyf t xfdLn] g} af]s]sf 5f}F .Ú vltj8fn] gfgLx?nfO{ k9fpg @ j6f lstfa n]v]/ k|sflzt klg ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngdf lvdnufot e"6fgL g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ ljsf; / k|j4g ug{df pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf e"6fgL g]kfnL cu|h ;flxTosdL{ nf]slht /fO{, l8NnL/fd cfrfo{ / lnnf lgzfnfO{ ;Ddfg tyf k|z+;f–kq
;Dd]ngdf ljleGg * k':ts / b'O{ uLlt PNad ljdf]rg ul/P . sfo{qmddf ;flxTo kl/ifb\ e"6fgåf/f k|sflzt k|ltlglw syf ;Ë|x …;dsfnLg e"6fgL g]kfnL syfÚ, slj t'Da]xfË lnDa'sf] sljtf ;Ë|x …lsgf/fsf k|ZgÚ -sljtf ;Ë|x_, v]d l/hfnsf] …w"ldn h"gÚ -sljtf ;Ë|x_, vu]Gb| e08f/L hGt/]sf] …;Demgfdf b]zÚ, cfef; l/vfd du/ …k|Zgx¿sf] kxf8Ú -sljtf ;Ë|x_ ljdf]lrt eP . t];|f] d'n's k'gjf{;kl5 cfˆgf] efiff–;+:s[lt hf]ufO /fVg !$ l8;]Da/ @)!$ df :yflkt o'jfx¿sf] ;d"x …dft[efiff ;+/If0f ;d"xÚ af6 k|sflzt tLg s[ltM u+uf nfld6f/]sf] …t/ËÚ -sljtf ;Ë|x_, k|ltdfg l;jfsf] …d af“sL k[i7 $ df
$ 5 . olt/fhn] gofF k':tfdfem g]kfnL efiff arfpg] sfd ;'?ªdf ;f; km]g]{ sfd h:tf] ePsf] atfpg'eof] . cfkm";lxt lzjnfn bfxfnn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] s[lt …;dsfnLg e"6fgL g]kfnL syfÚ df !^ j6f syf ;d]l6Psf] atfpg'eof] . o;df e"6fg, g]kfn / o'/f]ksf] !–! syf 5g\ eg] ci6«]lnofsf ^ / cd]l/sfsf & syfsf/sf syf 5g\ . cfj/0f gjn vltj8fn] agfPsf 5g\ eg] e"6fgd} hlGdPsf k|f= 8f= uf]ljGb e§/fO{n] o;sf] ljZn]if0ffTds e"ldsf n]v]sf 5g\ . …k|Zgx¿sf] kxf8Úaf/] af]Nb} /rgfsf/ cfef;n] eGg'eof], …klxn] lzlj/df /xFbf a'afsf] hf]8 du/ efiff af]n'g\ eGg]df x'GYof] . kl/l:yltcg';f/ of] ;a} ablnbf] /x]5 . k'gjf{;kl5 g]kfnL efiff arfpg' kg]{ kl/l:ylt cfPsf] 5 .Ú
Pstfsf] k|of; g]kfnL efifL e"6fgLsf] efiff–;flxTosf nflu ce"tk"j{ dflgPsf] ;Dd]ngn] 7"nf b'O{ ;flxlTos ;+:yf …;flxTo kl/ifb\, e"6fgÚ / …ljZj e"6fgL ;flxTo ;+u7gÚ aLr PsLs/0fsf nflu sfd ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . o:t}
;flxTosf/ lzjnfn bfxfnnfO{ kl/ifb\sf] af]8{sf] sfo{jfxs cWoIfdf rog u/]sf] 5 . kl/ifb\ k'/fgf] eP klg ;+u7g a9L dxTjfsf+IfL z}nLdf cuf8L a9]sf] b]lvG5 . kl/ifb\n] :yfkgf otf sl/a 8]9 bh{g k':ts k|sfzg, d'vkq …e"6fgL sf]lknfÚ sf] k|sfzg ub}{ cfof] . …e"6fgL sf]lknfÚ sf * cs k|sflzt eP, To;kl5 o;n] l8lh6fOH8 ?k kfof], e"6\lgh ln6/]h/ 86 sd . ;g\ @))( df yflnPsf] of] j]a;fO6df @ ;o !^ ;h{ssf g]kfnL / c+u|]hLsf @ xhf/ # ;o n]v–/rgf lgsfln– ;s]sf] 5 . kl/ifb\n] lzlj/df !$ xhf/ a9LnfO{ g]kfnL efiff lzIf0fsf] sfd klg u¥of] . ljZj e"6fgL ;flxTo ;+u7g -Unf]an e"6lgh ln6/]/L cu{gfOh];g_ sf] :yfkgf ;g\ @))( df ePsf] xf] . o;n] ;+u7g lj:tf/ ub}{ 7fpF7fpFdf cfwf bh{geGbf a9L RofK6/ agfof] . o;sf 7"nf ;Dd]ng / ;fgf–ltgf sfo{qmd ePsf 5g\ . #) eGbf a9L k':ts k|sfzg– ;d]t u/]sf] of] ;+u7gn] g]kfnL d"nsf ;flxlTos ;+:yf;Fu lgs6tf a9fPsf] 5 .
@)!* h'nfO{, jif{ * c+s !)(
hodfofsf] ;GtfgÚ -sljtf ;Ë|x_, lxdlzv/sf] …km"nsf] wf/Ú -uhn ;Ë|x_ klg ;fj{hlgs ul/P . o; ;d"xn] rf/ r/0fdf u/]/ * j6f lstfa lgsfln;s]sf] 5 . lstfa ljdf]rgsf qmddf ;d"xsf j}/fuL dfOnf] -s] zj l3ld/]_ n] eGg'eof], …xfdL e"6fgL ;flxTo elg/x]sf 5f}+, g]kfnL n]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . e"6fgL eg]sf] hf]ª\vf xf], g]kfnL xf]Og . ca l;dfª\sg gu/f}+ . /]vfª\sg gu/f}+ .Ú ljdf]lrt s[ltsf s[ltsf/n] s[lts} af/]df af]n]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf zxLbx¿k|lt ;dlk{t dgf]h /fO{sf] …e"6fgL zxLbx¿nfO{ >4f~hnLÚ uLlt– PNadsf] ljdf]rg ul/Psf] lyof] . ufos /fO{sf o;cl3 tLg uLlt Pnad cfO;s]sf 5g\ . cfˆgf] Pnadaf/] af]Nbf kl/ifb\sf] ;f+:s[lts ljefu k|d'v /fO{ zlxbx?nfO{ ;lDemP/ eSsflgPsf lyP . k'gjf{;sf qmddf c:6«]lnof k'u]sf /rgfsf/ olt/fh chgjLsf] uLlt– PNad …chgjLÚ sf] klg o; sfo{qmddf ljdf]rg eof] . chgjLsf Pnaddf % /rgf– nfO{ & uLtdf k|:t't ul/Psf]
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ ljlw dfq gxf];\ cfkm"n] csf]{ k':tfnfO{ lbg] 7"nf] ;DklQdWo] Pp6f ;DklQ efiff xf] . o;sf nflu w]/} ;do, pmhf{ cflb s]xL klg rflx+b}g . 3/df Ps–cfk;df ukmufkm ub}{df efiff csf]{ k':tfdf k'U5 . cfkm"nfO{ lrgfpg] lrgf/L w]/} xf]nfg\ . t/ efiff ljz'4 alnof] lrgf/L xf] . efiffsf c? w]/} kIf 5g\ . efiff arfpg xfdLn] >f4 u/]h:tf] !–@ j6f sfo{qmd u/]/ k'Ub}g . ljlw k'¥ofP/ dfq x'Gg . 3/–3/df sfd x'g'k5{ . xfdLnfO{ Vofn} gu/]sf] Pp6f dxFuf] of] uxgf xfdL kl5sf k':tfnfO{ ;fb}{ uof}+ eg] xfd|f uLt, ;+uLt, efiff, ;flxTo, clg xfd|f] lrgf/L afFRg ;S5 . ;fgf ;fgf k|of;n] Pp6f ljzfn sfd ;kmn x'g]5 . wGojfb
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada Building Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut St., Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com