dfl^{g n'y/ lsª\u k|fy{gfb]lv clwsf/;Dd dfl6{g n'y/ lsª\u h'lgo/
a|f8\nL pSt n]v lnP/ P6\nG6faf6 8lAng (Dublin) clx+;fTds af6f]af6 gful/s hfg'eof] . pxfFsf] n]vn] clwsf/sf nflu cys k|of; k|lt:kwf{df lhTof] . 3/ lkmbf{ @)!( clk|n ug]{ g]tf dflgG5 . pxfFsf] pxfFx?n] /+usf cfwf/df jif{ ( c+s !!* hGd ;g\ !(@( hgj/L @% ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf a:g] df hlh{of /fHosf] P6\nG6f l;6 kfpg'ePg . pxfFn] gdL7f] (Atlanta) df ePsf] lyof] . cg'ej ug'{eof] . pxfFsf] cfdfsf] gfd cNa6f{ ;g\ !($$ df pxfFn] a's/ (Alberta) / a'afsf] gfd dfl6{g 6L= jflzª\u6g xfO{:s"naf6 lsª\u lyof] . pxfFsf] ;fgf] :s"n] k9fO ;Sg'eof] . pxfFsf] 5Fbfsf] gfd dfOsn lsª\ xf] . k9fO /fd|f] ePsfn] sIff ( hd{g ;'wf/s dfl6{g / !! k9\g' k/]g . sIff n'y/sf] ;Ddfg ub}{ pxfFn] l;w}+ r9fOof] . sn]h z'? cfˆgf] gfd km]/]/ dfl6{g n'y/ x'g'eGbf klxn] pxfFn] sg]l6s6 ;g\ !(^$ df lsª\u /fVg'eof] . pxfFsf] (Connecticut) /fHosf] l;D;a]/L /fi6«klt lnG8g aL= lbbL lqml:6g (Christian) / hf]g;gn] gful/s clwsf/ (Simsbury) sf] ;'lt{ v]tLdf efO{sf] gfd P8L (AD) xf] . sfd ug'{eof] . sf] ljw]osdf x:tfIf/ pxfFsf] kl/jf/df xh'/a'af–xh'/ u/]kl5 sfg'g aGof] . 6fOd P6\nG6f lkm/]kl5 pxfF klqsfn] lsª\unfO{ jif{ cfdf klg x'g'x'GYof] . kl/jf/df df]/xfp; sn]h (Morehouse JolSt 3f]if0ff u¥of] . wfld{s ljZjf; a9L College) egf{ x'g'eof] . wd{df gf]a]n zflGt k'/:sf/ lyof] . pxfFsf xh'/a'af, a'af klg pxfF ;w}+ ;dlk{t k| b fg ul/of] . rr{df u'? -lk|r/_ x'g'x'GYof] . eO/x]sfn] ;g\ !($* km]a|'c/L o; c+sdf s] s] < lsª\ u h' l go/n] 5fnfsf] @% sf lbg !( jif{d} wd{– (What is inside ?) /+usf cfwf/df x'g] lje]b u'?sf] …/]e/]G8Ú (Reverend) dfl6{g n'y/ lsª\usf] hLjgL===! b]Vg'eof] . pxfFnfO{ of] pkflw kfpg'eof] . ToxL jif{ (Biography of MLK) dgk/]g . :s"ndf pSt sn]hsf] k9fO c:ktfndf lbg] d~h'/Lgfdf ==# k9\ b f !$ jif{ s f dfl6{ g n] , ;Sg'eof] . To;kl5 pxfF (Consent form of a hospital) ……g] u f | ] / ;+ l jwfgÚÚ n] v n] V b} k]G;ne]lgofsf] r]:6/ k9\g d x'FM cf]/]ug /fHo====================$ lje] b nfO{ k| i 6 kfg] { sf] l z; hfg'eof] . (I am the state of Oregon) pxfFn] ;g\ !(%# h"g !* rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb *!==========$ ug'{eof] . pxfFn] n]v lgs} /fd|f] lyof] . pxfF / lzIfs (Most common Eng. words 81) af“sL k[i7 @ df Nobel Foundation archive
(Martin Luther King, Jr.) nfO{
à à à à
@
Chetnath Gautam
@)!( clk|n, jif{ ( c+s !!*
jfl;ª\u6g l8;Ll:yt lsª\usf] k|ltdf
df s/]§f :s6 (Coretta Scott) ;Fu cnfafdf (Alabama) df ljjfx ug'{eof] . pxfFsf nflu ;g\ !(%% sf] jif{ lgs} dxTjk"0f{ /Xof] . af]:6g o'lgel;{6L (Boston University) af6 lkPr8L -ljBfjfl/lw_ pkflw kfpg'eof] eg] To;} jif{sf] pxfFsf] klxnf] ;Gtfgsf] hGd eof] . ;g\ !(%% l8;]Da/sf] s'/f xf], /f]hf kfs{\; (Rosa Parks) gfd ePsL Pshgf Zofd j0f{sL dlxnfn] ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf Zj]t j0f{sf dflg;nfO{ l;6 g5f8]sfn] kqmfp ul/of] . lsª\un] ;fj{hlgs a; alxisf/ u/]/ lj/f]w z'? ug'{eof] . of] cfGbf]ng cnfafdfsf] df]G6uf]d/L (Montgomery) df ePsf] kqmfpsf sf/0f plAhPsf] lyof] . lsª\un] ef/tsf g]tf dxfTdf ufGwL (Mahatma Gandhi) sf] clx+;fjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] cg';/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ !(%^ gf]e]Da/df a; cfGbf]ng ;kmn eof] . ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] Zofd j0f{sf dflg;nfO{ klg a;sf]
l;6df a:g kfpg] clwsf/ lbof] . To;kl5 clwsf/sf lglDt cfGbf]ngx? eP . ;g\ !(^) df lsª\un] l;g]6/ hf]g Pkm= s]g]8L (John F. Kennedy)
nfO{ e]6\g'eof] . pxfFx?aLr e]befj;DaGwL 5nkmn eof] . ;g\ !(^# df s]g]8L /fi6«klt x'g'eof] . cd]l/sL s+u|];af6 gful/s clwsf/ ljw]os kfl/t eof] . pxfFn] ;g\ !(^# cu:t @* df lbPsf] k|jrg …d}n] Pp6f ;kgf b]v]sf] 5'Ú -cfO Xofe\ P 8«Ld ÷ I Have a Dream_ lgs} k|l;4 5 . pxfFsf] ;kgf eg]sf], …x/]s b]zjf;L ;dfg x'g'k5{ / x/]ssf] clwsf/ p:t} x'g'k5{Ú eGg] lyof] . pxfFsf] k|jrgsf] cfzo klg oxL xf] . Pp6f b'Mvsf] 36gf, To;} jif{ gf]e]Da/ @@ df s]g]8Lsf] xTof eof] . ptf uP/ ;g\ !(^$ lgs} ;'vb /Xof] . /fi6«klt lnG8g aL= hf]g;g (Lyndon B. Johnson) n] pSt ljw]osdf
x:tfIf/ u/]kl5 sfg'g aGof] . To;} jif{ 6fOd klqsf (Time Magazine) n] lsª\unfO{ jif{ JolSt 3f]if0ff u¥of] . pxfFnfO{ ;g\ !(^$ df gf]a]n zflGt k'/:sf/ (Nobel Peace Prize)
k|bfg ul/of] . pxfF #% jif{sf] x'g'x'GYof] . To;a]nf;Ddsf] Oltxf; x]bf{ gf]]a]n zflGt k'/:sf/ kfpg] pxfF ;aeGbf sfG5f] x'g'x'GYof] . ;g\ !(^* clk|n $ df 6]g];L (Tennessee) /fHosf] d]lDkm;\ (Memphis) df pxfFdfly uf]nL k|xf/ eof] . h]D; cn{ /] (James Earl Ray) sf] uf]nLaf6 #( jif{sf] pd]/df pxfFsf] lgwg eof] . To;a]nf kl/jf/df pxfFsL >LdtL / @–@ 5f]/f–5f]/L lyP . dfl6{gsf] ;Demgf lbj; pxfFs} hGdlbgsf] cj;/ kf/]/ cd]l/sfdf k|To]s jif{ hgj/L dlxgfdf dfl6{g n'y/ lsª\ h'lgo/ lbj; (MLK Jr. Day) dgfOG5 . of] ;fj{hlgs labfsf] lbg hgj/Lsf] t];|f] ;f]daf/ k5{ .
@)!( clk|n, jif{ ( c+s !!*
#
s] xf],
c:ktfndf lbOg] d~h'/Lgfdf <
cf}ifwf]krf/ ug{ c:ktfn uO/xg' kbf{, tkfO{+sf] zNolqmof ug'{cl3, To:t} s'g} 7"nf vfn] hfFr k|lqmof cflb ug'{cl3 tkfO{nfO{ x:tfIf/ -;lx_ ug{ c:ktfn jf ToxfF pkl:yt sd{rf/Ln] lbPsf] sfuhft– dWo] Pp6f x'g;S5, hfgLa'emL lbPsf] d~h'/Lsf] kmf/d cyf{t\ d~h'/Lgfdf kmf/d . o;nfO{ c+u|]hLdf Informed Consent Form elgG5 . o:tf] kmf/d pkrf/ ug{ dfq xf]Og, gug{ klg eg{ ;lsG5 . !* jif{eGbf sfG5f] pd]/sf nflu cleefjs s;}n] ;xL ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . czStx?sf nflu cflwsfl/s k|ltlglwn] klg ;xL ug{ ;S5g\ . cd]l/sfdf o;nfO{ cflwsfl/s sfuhftsf ?kdf k|of]u ug{ yflnPsf] Ps ;o jif{eGbf a9L ePsf] 5 . o:tf kmf/dx? ;+3Lo tyf /fHosf] sfg'gnfO{ cfwf/ lnP/ agfOPsf] x'G5 . o;df pkrf/ afx]s ladfaf6 z'Ns e'StfgL, la/fdLsf lhDd]jf/L, sltko cj:yfdf cfˆgf ;fdfgsf] ;'/Iff cflbdf klg d~h'/L hgfpg'kg]{ x'G5 .
o;df ;fdfGotM s] x'G5 < ;fwf/0f sfg'gb]lv cf}ifwf]krf/ ljlwnfO{ a'emfpFb}, pSt sfuhftdf ePsf a'Fbfdf ;xdlt hgfpg elgPsf] x'G5, To;sf pbfx/0f o:tf 5g\M à :jf:Yo–k|bfos jf pxfFåf/f tf]lsPsf] JolQmsf] lgb]{zgcg';f/
c:ktfnsf] cGt/+u, alx/+u, cfkftsflng -Od/h]G;L_ ljefu, / c:ktfnaflx/ kfpg] /]vb]vaf6 :jf:Yo– ;]jf tyf pkrf/ kfpg d~h'/L k|bfg ug'{ . o;df lrlsT;f / zNolqmofaf6 x'g] pkrf/ tyf k|lqmof, /f]u kQfnufpg lng] tl:a/, k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0f, bafO vfg l;sfpg] sfd, / ;+j]bgfx/0f ;]jf k5{g\ . s]xL /f]u kQfnufpg lng] / z/L/ 5]8\g] vfnsf k/LIf0fdf ljls/0f ;dfj]z x'G5 . à pkrf/sf qmddf /ut, t/n kbfy{, tGt'x¿, jf cGo j:t'x¿ x6fOof] eg] tT;DaGwL x6fOPsf jf:tljs j:t'x¿ jf To;kl5sf k|of]udf la/fdLsf] s'g} klg ;DklQ clwsf/ nfUb}g . tkfO{+n]
o:tf] clwsf/ bfla ug{ kfpg'x'Gg . à d]l8s]o/, d]l8s]8, cGo ladfaf6 c:ktfnn] lng'– kg]{ z'Ns cflb lng la/fdLn] lbg] cg'dltsf] c+z . olb o:tf] ;'ljwfaf6 z'Ns e'Stfg geP, cfkm"n] ltg]{ zt{df d~h'/L lbg'– kg]{ x'G5 . à c:ktfn egf{ x'Fbf cfˆgf ;fdfg, h:tf]M cf}+7L, gSsnL bfFt, rZdf, / n'ufkmf6f;lxt c:ktfndf g/fv]/ cfˆg} 3/ k7fpF5' eg]/ d~h'/ x'g'kg]{ x'g;S5 . à tkfO{, !* jif{eGbf sfG5f] kl/jf/sf] JolSt, jf czSt JolStsf JolQmut hfgsf/L tkfO{+n] x:tfIf/ u/]/ tf]lsPsf] ;+:yf, jf JolStnfO{ lbg' eg]/ d~h'/L glbP;Dd c:ktfnn] uf]Ko /fVg]5 . à tkfO{+nfO{ /ut, y's, l;Fufg, cGo t/n cflbaf6 ;g]{ /f]u 5 eg] pkrf/df ;+nUg :jf:Yo;]jLnfO{ s] ug]{ eg]/ c:ktfnsf] lgod x'G5, To;df tkfO{+sf tkm{af6 s'g} e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ x'g;S5 . o;df klg c:ktfnn] tkfO{sf] ;xdlt lnG5 . o:tf kmf/dx? /fd|/L k9\g] jf k9\g g;Sg] eP, c?nfO{ kl9lbg cfu|x ug{ ;lsG5 . k9\g g;Sbf jf c+u|]hLdf tL kmf/dx? 5g\ eg] c:ktfnx?n] bf]efif] -OG6/k|]6/_ t pknAw u/fpF5g\ .
;a}eGbf w]/} /fHo;“u ;Ldf hf]l8Psf /fHo s'g x'g\ <
$ @)!( clk|n, jif{ ( c+s !!*
cf]/]ug
(Oregon)
d cf]/]ug /fHo x'F . cf]/]ug, k|zfGt dxf;fu/ (Pacific Ocean) nfO{ 5'g] klZrdL t6sf] /fHo xf] . cf]/]ugsf] /fhwfgL ;]nd (Salem) / 7"nf] zx/ kf]6{Nof08 (Portland) xf] . n
n
n
cf]/]ugdf #^ j6f sfpG6L (county) 5g\ . n
n
k"j{df cfO8fxf] (Idaho), /fHox?, tyf klZrddf k|zfGt dxf;fu/ 5 . n
n
n
n
n
hg;+Vof sl/a $@ nfv !& xhf/ & ;o #& 5 .
n
cf]/]ugsf] pQ/df jfl;ª\u6g (Washington), blIf0fdf g]ef8f (Nevada), / Soflnkmf]lg{of (California)
n
n
o;nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf n]lvG5 .
n
of] ( cf}+ 7"nf] /fHo xf], h;sf] If]qkmn (* xhf/ # ;o *! ju{ dfOn -@ nfv %$ xhf/ * ;o ^ ju{ lsnf]ld6/_ 5 . n
w]/} hg;+Vof x'g] /fHodWo] of] @& cf}+ xf] .
n
n
OR
n
cf]/]ugsf] j]a;fO6 www.oregon.gov xf] . n
n
n
cf]/]ugdf ;g\ !*%( km]a|'c/L !$ df cd]l/sfsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf k|j]z u/]sf] xf] . n
n
n
oxfFsf afl;GbfnfO{ cf]/]uf]lgog (Oregonian) elgG5 .
la6 dfbf{dfb}{
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 81
Oltxf;sf] ;fgf] c+z
c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 Psf;Lof}+ ;"rL -efu *!_ • doing:
gfd– sfd, sfd–sfh, sfo{, lqmofsnfk, Joj;fo, Jojxf/, sf/f]af/ . ljz]if0f– Joj;foL . • doll:
gfd– k'tnL, v]nf}gf, ;'Gb/L, /fd|L t/ d"v{ o'jtL . lqmof– l;Fufl/P/ n'uf nufpg', l;Fufl/P/ n'uf nufOlbg' . • dollar:
gfd– cd]l/sfnufot ljZjsf w]/} d'n'ssf] d'b|f . • domestic:
gfd– 3/sf] sfd ug]{ JolSt, gf]s/rfs/, kl/jf/sf b'O{ ;b:oaLrsf] snx .
ljz]if0f– 3/]n', 3/kfnf, 3/}of, u|fDo, 3/fo;L, vnsL, gf]s/ rfs/, vnsf], 3/kfn'jf, 3/ kfnf, u[x:yL;DaGwL, :jb]zL, b]zLo, cfGtl/s, cfˆg} b]zsf], 3/leq x'g ?rfpg] .
sn]hsf k|d'v, k|fWofks . lqmof– nufpg', klx/g', s'g} s'/fdf tNnLg x'g', u|x0f ug'{ .
• dominate:
• done:
lqmof– sHofpg', rrg'{, /huh ug'{, s's'{Rrf l/ufpg', v'§f hdfpg', bafpg', x}sd rnfpg', k|e'Tj hdfpg', k|efjdf /fVg' jf /xg', zf;g ug'{, clwsf/ df /fVg', k|d'v x'g', /hfO{+ ug'{, k|an x'g', lgoGq0fdf /fVg' jf x'g' .
ljz]if0f– ;dfKt ePsf], cGTo ePsf], l;l4Psf], ;dfKt, vQd, yfs]sf], :jLsfo{ .
• Don:
gfd– :k]gsf] kbjL jf bhf{,
• donate:
lqmof– bfg lbg', rGbf lbg', k|bfg ug'{ .
• donkey:
gfd– uwf, /f;e, d"v{ JolSt, ub{e . qmdzM
k[i7 # sf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ 6]g];L (Tennessee) / ldh'/L (Missouri) x'g\ .
dfl6{g n'y/ lsª\u h'lgo/af/] lsg < a]nf g s'a]nf eg]/ k|Zg p7\g ;S5 . o;f] egf}+ g gful/s clwsf/sf cu'jf lsª\usf] hGd ePsf] () jif{ ePsf] 5 . clk|n, pxfFn] ;+;f/ 5f8]/ uPsf] dlxgf . gful/stf lnFbf ;f]lwg] k|ZgdWo] Pp6f k|Zg lsª\uaf/] / c¿ gful/s clwsf/;DaGwL ePsfn] Oltxf; klg hflgG5 eg]/ of] tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . Ps}k6s nfdf] Oltxf; ;Demg ;lhnf] gxf]nf eg]/ s]xL bzsnfO{ oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] xf] . ;fydf c:ktfnsf] Pp6f lgod–k|;+u;lxt lgoldt :tDex¿ . wGojfb
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada Building Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut St., Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com