xfdLn] vfg] b"wsf] syf @)!( dfr{ jif{ ( c+s !!&
o; c+sdf s] s] < (What is inside ?) à b"wsf] syf==================================! (Story of milk we drink)
à dfr{sf] kl/ro============================# (March: general facts)
à dfr{sf t/sf/L–kmnkm"n============# (veggies, and fruits of March)
à d x'FM cf]Snxf]df /fHo=============$ (I am the state of Oklahoma)
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb *)==========$ (Most common Eng. words 80)
vfG5g\ . c? hgfj/n] klg b"w lbG5g\ . To;df afv|f, e]8f, d[u cflbn] klg b"w lbG5g\ . t/ al9 eg] ufO{sf] b"w vfg] ul/G5 . cd]l/sfdf Pzf{o/ (ayrshire), a|fpg l:j; (Brown Swiss), u'c{GhL (Guernsey), h;L{ (jersey), xf]lN:6g–lk|mhg (Holstein-Friesian) hftsf ufO{ kflnG5g\ . To;df klg w]/} b"w lbg]df xf]lN:6g–lk|mhg k5{ . ufO{ ;fdfGotofM b'O{ jif{sf] ePkl5 b"w lbg ;Sg] x'G5 . afR5f] jf afR5L kfpF5 . ufO{sf] b"w p;s} afR5f] jf afR5Lsf] vfgf xf] . ufO{n] afR5f] jf afR5Ln] vfg] eGbf a9\tf b"w agfpF5 . clg afR5f] jf afR5Ln] vfP/ pe|]sf] b"w dflg;n] k|of]udf NofpF5g\ . afR5f]÷afR5L hGd]sf] s]xL dlxgfkl5 ufO{ csf]{ afR5f]÷afR5L kfpg] x'G5 . afR5f]÷afR5L kfpg] @ dlxgfcl3 b]lv b"w b'x'g 5fl8G5 . ufO{ ;'Sof] eGg] rng 5 . sl/a ( dlxgfdf
cdc.gov
b"w ;+:ff/e/sf dflg;n]
afR5f]÷afR5L kfpg] @ dlxgfcl3 b]lv b"w b'x'g 5fl8G5 . ufO{ ;'Sof] eGg] rng 5 . sl/a ( dlxgfdf ufO{n] afR5f] jf afR5L kfpF5 . km]l/ ufO{n] b"w lbg yfN5 .
ufO{n] afR5f]÷afR5L kfpF5 . km]l/ ufO{n] b"w lbg yfN5 . udL{ofd / z/b Ct'sf a]nf ufO{n] uf]7aflx/ rg{ kfpF5g\ . lbgdf sl/a %) kfp08 vfg]s'/f / !% Uofng kfgL lkPkl5 k]6 el/G5 . hf8f]df uf]7d} /fv]/ 3fF;–k/fn lbg'k5{ . /fd|f] bfgf–kfgL eP, /fd|} b"w cfpF5 . ufO{sf] vfgf krfpg] tl/sf cgf}7f] 5 . o;sf] ljz]if vfnsf] k]6 x'G5 . af“sL k[i7 @ df
@
cdc.gov
cdc.gov
@)!( dfr{, jif{ ( c+s !!&
b"w p:t} gx'g] ePsfn] Ps} vfnsf] agfpg dfgsLs/0f (standardizing) ul/G5 . ca b"w !^! l8u|L kmx/]gxfO6;Dd ttfOG5, of] ljlwdf /f]usf sf/s x'g;Sg] AofS6]l/of dfl/G5, h'g ljlwnfO{ kfZr/fOh];g (Pasteurization) elgG5 . of] ljlwn] b"wnfO{ tfhf / a9L o;sf rf/ efu x'G5g\ . ufO{n] tftf] /flvof] eg] b"w lau|g ;do /xg] ;d]t agfpF5 . z'?df vfFbf lgNg x'g];Ddsf] ;S5 . kfZr/fOh];g b"w kGw| ;]s]G8 dfq agfpF5 . z'?sf] vfgf s]xL ls;fgn] s'g ufO{n] ttfOG5 / tTsfn ;]nfOG5 . klxnf] b'O{ efudf uP/ slt b"w lbof] eg]/ lx;fa To;kl5 b"wdf Psvfnsf] a:5 . oL b'O{ efu -cfdfzo_ /fV5g\ . Pp6f ufO{n] lbgdf nfO{ c+u|]hLdf ?ldg (rumen) bafj lbOG5, h;af6 o;df cf};t % Uofng;Dd b"w / l/l6Sofnd (ritikyalam) ePsf lrNnf]sf s0fx? lbG5 . Ps Uofngdf #=&* elgG5 . clg km';{bdf ufO{n] 6'qmG5g\ / ;a}lt/ plQs} ln6/ x'G5 . To;kl5 b"w ToxfF hDdf ePsf] vfgf d'vdf b'x'g k|of]u ePsf ;a} dfqfdf k'U5g\ . of] klg Pp6f kmsf{P/ rkfpF5, h;nfO{ xfdL ;fdfgnfO{ ls6f0f' dfg{] u/L ljlw xf], h;nfO{ Ps?ktf÷ pu|fpg' eG5f}+ . To;kl5 lgN5 ;kmf ul/G5 . ls;fgsf uf]7df xdf]lhgfOh];g / t];|f] tyf rf}yf] k]6df hfG5, o;/L e]nf kfl/Psf] b"w, 7"nf (homogenization) h;nfO{ cf]df;]d (omasem) / ;]tf 6\ofª\sdf xfn]/ b"w elgG5 . clg b"w ljt/0fsf Paf]df;'d (abemasem) nflu cfsf/–cfsf/sf efF8f], k|zf]wg s]Gb|df nluG5 . b"w elgG5 . oL k]6df eg] vfgf a§f cflbdf xflgG5 . oL efF8f], ;'/lIft /fVg;Sg] ;]tf kR5 . kr]sf] s]xL vfgf ufO{sf] /utdf hfG5 / kmfFrf]df k|j]z u5{, hxfF b"w aG5 . of] k5fl8sf] b'O{ v'§faLr em'n]sf] x'G5 / o;df rf/ y'gx? (teats/nipples) x'G5g\ . log}af6 b'Uw;|fj x'G5 . kmfFrf] el/Pkl5 b"w b'x'g] a]nf ePsf] xf] eGg] a'lemG5 . ufO{nfO{ laxfg–a]n'sf b'lxG5 . b'O{ k6s b'x]g eg] kmfFrf] b'V5 / ;'lGgG5 . xftn] klg ufO{ b'lxG5 . clxn] w]/} ls;fgn] a§f cflbdf ldlt 5flkG5 . 6\ofª\sdf xfNg'cl3 b"wsf] b"w b'x'g] d]l;g k|of]u lglZrt ;+Vofdf efF8f], a§f gd'gf hfFlrG5 . u5{g\ . d]l;g nufpg'cl3 cflbnfO{ 7"nf] efF8f]df b"w k|zf]wg s]Gb|df kmfFrf] wf]OG5 . y'gx?af6 km]l/ b"wsf] gd'gf hfFr ul/G5, xflnG5 . oL ;a sfd ePkl5 xft}n] yf]/} b"w tflgG5 / b"w k|zf]wg s]Gb|sf ;fdfg jf h;df lrNnf], :jfb, uGw, / d]l;g hf]l8G5 . afR5f] jf AofS6]l/of x]l/G5 . clg kDk d]lzgnfO{ AofS6]l/of dfg]{ u/L afR5Ln] h;/L b"3 r':5g\, ;kmf ul/G5 . u/]/ lr:ofpg] ;+/If0f d]l;gn] b"w To;/L g} tfGg] o;kl5 tof/L efF8f], a§f 6\ofª\sdf /flvG5 . k|zf]wg xf] . bf]x]sf] b"w kfOk x'Fb} s]Gb|df 7"nf / xNnf ug]{ d]lzg cflb 6«sdf 7"nf ahf/df lr:ofpg] efF8f]df hDdf ul/G5, x'G5g\ . clg b"w ;kmf ug]{ cfOk'U5g\ . xfdL ToxfF lsG5f}+, h;sf] tfkqmd $) l8u|L 3/ NofpF5f}+ / /]lk|mlh/]6/df d]lzg (clarifier) df kmx/]gxfO6eGbf sd x'G5 . tflgG5 . w]/} 7fpFaf6 cfPsf /fV5f}+ .
@)!( dfr{, jif{ ( c+s !!&
#
dfr{M jif{sf] klxnf] dlxgf ∕< dfr{ jif{sf] t];|f] dlxgf xf] eGg] t xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 . t/ of] s'g} ;dodf jif{sf] klxnf] dlxgf x'g] uYof]{ . o;sf] Pp6f Oltxf; o:tf] 5M dfr{ klxn] t];|f] dlxgf lyPg . k'/fgf] /f]dg Sofn]G8/ (Roman Calendar) sf z'?sf ;+:s/0fx¿df, dfr{ jf dfl6{o; (Martius) af6 jif{ z'¿ x'GYof] . kl5 dfq hgj/L klxnf] dlxgf ePsf] xf] . dfr{n] pQ/L uf]nf4{df j;Gt Ct' z'? ePsf] hgfpF5 eg]
bf];|f] dlxgf xf] . jif{sf & j6f dlxgfdf #! lbg x'G5g\ . à dfr{df cd]l/sfdf s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs labf 5}g . à dfr{df ;]G6 Kofl6«S; (Saint Patrick’s Day)
blIf0fL uf]nf4{df z/b Ct' z'? x'G5 . To;}n] To;a]nf jif{ z'? x'g] dlxgf lyof], dfr{ .
dfr{sf /dfOnf tYox¿M à
dfr{df #! lbg x'G5g\ . #! lbg x'g] of]
gfdsf] rf8 k5{ . dfr{sf] gfd /f]dg b]jtf df;{ (Mars) sf gfddf /flvPsf] xf] . à dfr{ h'g af/ z'? x'G5, gf]e]Da/ klg ToxL af/ x'G5 . à
dfr{sf t/sf/L–kmnkm"n udL{df h:tf] t/sf/L / kmnkm"nsf] cfgGb hf8f]df x'Fb}g . dfr{ dlxgfdf cd]l/sfdf hfg] a]nf x'g nfu]sf] x'G5 . o;f] xf] ls xf] ls h:tf] dfq ePsf] x'G5 . vfBfGg lsgd]ndf lg:sFbf xfdLn] w]/} ljsNkx? kfpFb}gf}+ . cd]l/sL ahf/df dfr{df sd} t/sf/L / kmnkm"n kfOG5g\, s]xL oxfF 5g\M cfl6{rf]S;\ (Artichokes)
a]nfotL Kofh (Leeks)
a|f]sfpnL (Broccoli)
lh/L;fu (Lettuce)
d"nf (Radishes)
cGt/sf]aL (Brussels sprouts)
Rofp (Mushrooms)
km';|f] ;nud (Rutabagas)
km"nsf]aL (Cauliflower)
k;{lgk (Parsnips)
ufG6] d"nf÷;nud (Turnips)
e'FOs6x/
(Pineapples)
;a}eGbf 7"nf] /fHo s'g xf] <
$ @)!( dfr{, jif{ ( c+s !!&
cf]Snxf]df (Oklahoma)
d cf]Snxf]df /fHo x'F . cf]Snxf]df, blIf0f–dWo If]qsf] /fHo xf] . cf]Snxf]dfsf] /fhwfgL cf]Snxf]df l;6L (Oklahoma City) xf] . n
n
n
cf]Snxf]dfdf && j6f sfpG6L (county) 5g\ . n
n
n
cf]Snxf]dfsf] pQ/tkm{ sG;f; (Kansas), blIf0f tyf klZrddf 6]S;; (Texas), pQ/–k"j{df ldh'/L (Missouri), k"j{df csf{G; (Arkansas), klZrddf Go'
d]lS;sf] (New Mexico), pQ/–klZrddf sf]nf]/f8f] (Colorado) 5 . n
n
n
of] @) cf}+ 7"nf] /fHo xf], h;sf] If]qkmn ^( xhf/ * ;o (( ju{ dfOn -! nfv *! xhf/ #& ju{ lsnf] ld6/_ 5 . n
n
n
o;nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf n]lvG5 . n
n
n
OK
cf]Snxf]dfsf] j]a;fO6 OK.gov xf] . n
n
www.
n
hg;+Vof sl/a #( nfv %^ xhf/ ( ;o &! 5 . w]/} hg;+Vof x'g] /fHodWo] of] @* cf}+ xf] . n
n
n
cf]Snxf]dfdf ;g\ !()& gf]e]Da/ !^ df cd]l/sfsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf k|j]z u/]sf] xf] . n
n
n
oxfFsf afl;GbfnfO{ cf]Snxf]dg (Oklahoman) elgG5 . n
n
n
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 80 c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 c;Lof}+ ;"rL -efu *)_ • divorce:
gfd– ljjfx–ljR5]b, kf/kfr's], ;DaGw–ljR5]b, k[ysLs/0f, ljR5]b, 6'6, 5f]8fO, lj5f]8, ljof]u . lqmof– ;DaGw–ljR5]b ug'{, 5f]8\g', c:jLsf/ ug{', ljjfx– ljR5]b ug{', cnu kfg'{, k[ys\ kfg'{, ;DaGw tf]8\g' . • do:
gfd– 7uL, dgf]/~hg, lgod, /Lltl/jfh, 5n . lqmof– ug{', s]xL ug'{, sfd ug'{, ;Dkfbg ug'{, ;DkGg ug'{, k"/f ug'{, tof/ ug'{, kfngf ug'{, ;'Jojl:yt ug'{, Jojxf/ ug'{, pTkfbg ug'{, cWoog ug'{,
ldl;n, sfuhft, b:tfj]h, lnvt, k|n]v, clen]v . • doctor: gfd– lrlsT;s, 8fS6/, kl08t, lqmof– b:tfj]h agfpg', clen]v /fVg', k|df0f k|:t't ljåfGf\, j}B, ljBfjfl/lw ug'{, sfuhft k|:t't ug'{ . pkflw kfPsf] JolSt, cf}ifwL • does: ug]{ JolSt, 8fS6/]6 pkflw do sf] csf]{ ?k, h'g Ps kfPsf] JolSt . arg t];|f] JolStsf lglDt lqmof– cf}ifwf]krf/ ug{', k|of]u x'G5 . lrlsT;f ug'{, kl/isf/ ug'{, • dog: /fd|f] l:yltdf Nofpg', 8fS6/ k]zf ug'{, n]vf, k|df0f, ljj/0f gfd– s's'/, s'Qf . lqmof– kl5 nfUg', s8f cflbnfO{ cfkm"n] rfx]cg';f/ lgu/fgL ug'{ . qmdzM sf] t'NofP/ k|fKt ug'{, ld>0f ug'{, s'g} rLhnfO{ ld>0f u/]/ cultnf] kfg'{ . k[i7 # sf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ cnf:sf • document: (Alaska) xf] . gfd– n]v, n]Vo, sfutkq, ;dfKt ug'{, n5fg'{ .
la6 dfbf{dfb}{
s;}n] t eg], b"wsf] syf ls/fgf k;n hfg'kg]{ d'Vo sf/0fdf w]/} kl/jf/sf nflu b"w d'Vo x'G5 . cem ;fgf gfgLx¿ ePsf 3/sf nflu . t/ xfd|f 3/;Dd cfpFbf b"wn] slt nfdf] ofqf kf/ u5{, w]/}nfO{ yfxf gx'g klg ;S5 . g]kfn, e"6fg, adf{ jf ef/tdf xfd|f] cu|h k':tfn] b"w h;/L kfpg'eof], Tof]eGbf km/s 5, oxfFsf] syf . o;k6s xfdLn] b"ws} af/]df n]v]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] n]v]h:t} x'ax' geP klg sl/a o:t} xf], ljsl;t b]zdf b"wsf] syf . s;}n] eg]g, b"wsf] syf geGg' xf]nf . xfdLn] eg]sf 5f}+ . o;afx]s dfr{sf t/sf/L, kmnkm"n clg lgoldt :tDe . wGojfb
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada Building Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut St., Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com