@)@) km]a|'c/L jif{ !) c+s !@*
l6lkP;M cd]l/sfdf g]kfnLn] kfPsf] ;'ljwf g]kfn;lxt c? b]z klg ;g\ @)!% clk|ndf g]kfndf cfPsf] e'FOrfnf]kl5 To;} jif{ h"g @$ df l6lkP;sf nflu ;/sf/n] :jLs[lt lbPsf] xf] . kl5Nnf]k6s ;g\ @)!( gf]e]Da/df yk]/ ;g\ @)@! hgj/L $ ;Dd kfl/Psf] 5 .
o; c+sdf s] s] < (What is inside ?) à l6lk]P; s] xf] <=========================! (What is TPS ?)
à OR5fOPsf] gDa/ Kn]6================# (Vanity Plate)
à d x'FM jfl;ª\u6g /fHo==============$ (I am the state of Washington)
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb (!==========$ (Most common Eng. words 91)
(!_ g]kfnL 5g\ . ;g\ @)!% clk|ndf g]kfndf cfPsf] e'FOrfnf]kl5 To;} jif{ h"g @$ df l6lkP;sf nflu ;/sf/n] :jLs[lt lbPsf] xf] . kl5Nnf]k6s :jLs[ltaf6 g]kfnLn] kfPsf] ;'ljwfsf] Dofb o;} jif{ dfr{ @$ df ;lsg] lyof] . t/ ;g\ @)!( gf]e]Da/ df yk]/ ;g\ @)@! hgj/L $ ;Dd kfl/Psf] 5 . l6lkP;sf] ljut ;g\ @)!( gf]e]Da/ $ sf] km]8/n /lhi6/ -;/sf/sf] cflwsfl/s cd]l/sL s+u|]; -;+o'Qm ;bg_ ;"rgf_ sf] klxnf] kfgf, h;df l6lkP;sf] Dofb ylkPsf] pNn]v 5 . n] ;g\ !(() sf] Oldu|];g a]nf ;'lgG5 . cd]l/sfdf a:g PS6 (Immigration Act of l6lkP; cyf{t\ l6lkP; cyf{t\ 1990) cGtu{t 6LkLP; :yfkgf / sfd ug{ kfpg] c:yfoL 6]Dkf]/l/ k|f]6]S6]8 :6\of6;\ u/]sf] xf] . k|fs[lts ljklQ, cWofudg bhf{sf ¿kdf (Temporary Protected Status) ;'ljwf . of] ;'ljwf g]kfnLx?n] lrlgPsf] l6lkP; kfPsf sl/a ;z:q ;+3if{ jf cGo c;fwf/0f Pjd\ c:yfoL cj:yfx¿n] !% xhf/ -!$ xhf/ & ;o kfPsfn] o;sf] rrf{ a]nf– af“sL k[i7 @ df
@ @)@) km]a|'c/L, jif{ !) c+s !@*
;g\ @)!* df cd]l/sfdf l6lkP;sf nflu ePsf] k|bz{gdf g]kfnL . l;h{gf u/]sf] vt/gfs l:yltdf ljb]zL gful/sx¿nfO{ ha/h:tL cfˆgf] 3/ kmls{g' gk/f];\ eGg] o;sf] p2]Zo xf] . l6lkP; bhf{ kfPsf] JolQm tf] lsPsf] Dofb;Dd cd]l/sfdf a:g, / sfd ug{ kfpF5g\ . o;sf] k|fjwfgn] x/]s k6s ^ b]lv !* dlxgf;Dd 6LkLP; k|fKt b]zsf] kl/l:yltnfO{ x]/]/ gjLs/0f ug{ ;lsg] elgPsf] 5 . l6lkP; btf{ / kl5 gjLs/0f ug{ s]xL ;o 8n/ vr{g'k5{ . l6lkP;df a;]sfn] s/ a'emfpg' k5{ . clxn] / klxn] sltn] kfP < clxn] !) b]zsf sl/a $
l6lkP;n] :yfoL a;f]af;sf] bhf{ -lu|gsf8{_ lbg] af6f] vf]Nb}g . l6lkP;sf] Dofb ;lsof] / ylkPg eg] ;'ljwf kfPsf] JolQm k'/fg} bhf{df kms{G5 .
nfv #& xhf/ gful/sn] of] ;'ljwf kfPsf 5g\ . tL x'g\M Pn ;fNef8f]/, x}6L, xf]G8'/;, g]kfn, lgsf/fu'cf, ;f]dflnof, ;'8fg, blIf0fL ;'8fg, l;l/of / odg . tLdWo] !$ xhf/ & ;o (! hgf g]kfnL 5g\ . o;cl3 s'j]t, n]agfg, sf];f]ef], af]l:gof–xh{uf]legf, c+uf]nf, lugL, lugL–la;fp,
nfOa]l/of, l;o/f lnof]g, dG6;]/f6, ¿jfG8f / a'¿08Ln] l6lkP; kfPsf lyP . Ujf6]dfnf, kfls:tfg, lkmlnlkG; b]zn] l6lkP; cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . l6lkP;n] :yfoL a;f]af;sf] bhf{ -lu|gsf8{_ lbg] af6f] vf]Nb}g . Dofb ;lsof] / ylkPg eg] ;'ljwf kfPsf] JolQm k'/fg} bhf{df kms{G5 . l6lkP; ePs} cj:yfdf p;n] cd]l/sfdf :yfoL ¿kdf a:g kfpg] bhf{ xft gkf/] u}/–sfg'gL ¿kdf cd]l/sfdf a:b} cfPsf] JolQm x'gk'U5 . l6lkP; ePsf cfwf/df sfg'gL ¿kdf cd]l/sf lelqPsf] eP, ljBfyL{ le;f, bDklt le;f, cf>ofyL{ -c;fOnd_ bhf{ jf l8eL lrÝfsf nflu cfj]bg lbP/ csf]{ ljsNksf] af6f] /f]Hg ;lsG5 . t/ sfuh–lagf cd]l/sf cfPsf] JolQmsf nflu glhs}sf] gft]bf/sf dfWodaf6 bhf{ ;dfof]hg ug{;Sg] sfg'g atfpF5 .
@)@) km]a|'c/L, jif{ !) c+s !@*
#
OR5fPsf] gDa/ Kn]6
Kn]6 klg x'G5 . cd]l/sfdf nfO;]G; Kn]6sf] rng ;g\ !()! df Go'of]s{af6 z'? ePsf] xf] eg] Eoflg6L Kn]6sf] rng ;g\ !(#! df k]G;ne]lgofaf6 z'? ePsf] xf] . Eoflg6L Kn]6 /fVg] OR5f ug]{ JolQmn] cfkm" a;]sf] dxfgu/, gu/, zx/, cflbsf] sfof{nosf] uf8L btf{ ljefudf cg'/f]w ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu of] xf] cd]l/sfsf k"j{ /fi6«klt km/s z'Ns ltg'{k5{ / cfkm"n] /f]gfN8 /]ug (Ronald Reagan) eg]sf] Kn]6 kfpg s]xL lbg sf gfddf l;dL EofnLdf s'g'{k5{ . v'n]sf] /f]gfN8 /]ug Eoflg6L Kn]6 dfUb}df kfOg] k|]l;8]lG;on nfOa|]/L PG8 eg] xf]Og . o;df s] n]Vg] xf], Do'lhoddf /flvPsf] pxfFs} To;sf] cy{ s] xf] < eGg] klg uf8Lsf] gDa/ Kn]6 . pxfFn] vf]lhG5 . olb o;n] hflt, 5fg]sf] / cfkm" /x'Gh]n wd{, lnª\u, b]z, cflbsf] ckdfg rnfPsf] uf8Lsf] gDa/ Kn]6 cflb u5{ eg] To:tf] Kn]6 …luk/Ú . /]ug cd]l/sfsf $) cg'/f]w u/]/ klg kfOGg . cf}+ /fi6«klt x'g'x'G5 . pxfF ;g\ slt dflg;n] ;a}eGbf w]/} !(*! hgj/L @) b]lv ;g\ hg;+Vof ePsf] /fHo !(*( hgj/L @) ;Dd Soflnkmf]lg{ofdf Eoflg6L Kn]6 /fi6«klt /xg'eof] . /fVg] o;} klg w]/} 5g\ . ;g\ cd]l/sfdf s'g} uf8L wgLn] @)!* df o; /fHodf o:tf] cfˆgf] uf8Lsf] gDa/ Kn]6 Kn]6 dfu ug]{sf] ;+Vof @ nfv 5fGg kfpF5 . of] cd]l/sf dfq %) xhf/ lyof] . o;df xf]Og, Sofg8f, a]nfot, xhf/f}+n] dfu]sf] gDa/ Kn]6 ci6«]lnof, Go'hLNof08, Sofg8f, kfPgg\ . t/ Eoflg6L Kn]6 cflb b]zdf klg 5 . t/ ljt/0fdf ;aeGbf cuf8L o;sf gfd km/s 5g\ . elh{lgof, Go' XofD;/, cd]l/sfdf o;nfO{ Olngf]o, g]ef8f, df]G6fgf, d]g, Eoflg6L Kn]6 (vanity plate) jf sg]l6s6 cflb /fHo JolSts[t Kn]6 (personalized cfpF5g\ . plate) elgG5 eg] c? b]zdf Sofg8fsf] cf]G6fl/of] k|fGt k|]l:6h Kn]6, k|fOe]6 gDa/ Eoflg6L Kn]6 lbgdf cuf8L Kn]6, r]l/:8 Kn]6, s:6d Kn]6 5. cflb eGg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;Gbe{M cd]l/sfsf] cd]l/sfsf %) /fHo / o;sf c? e"–efudf hf/L x'g] gDa/ Kn]6 Ps–csf{;Fu ldNb}gg\ . To;}cg';f/ Eoflg6L
Eoflg6L Kn]6 gkfPsf] klg ;dfrf/sf] ljifo aG5 . kqklqsf, 6]lnlehgdf o;;DaGwL l/kf]6{ k9\g / x]g{ kfOG5 . ;a}h;f] dxfgu/, gu/, zx/, cflbsf] sfof{nosf] uf8L btf{ ljefusf sd{rf/Lx?sf] Pp6f ;fgf] ;d"xn] dfu ul/Psf] Kn]6 lbg] jf glbg] eGg] lg0f{o u5{ . lg0f{o lrQ ga'em] cbfnt hfg] s'/f t 5Fb}5 . sltko dfG5] eg] lsg c?eGbf km/s b]lvg' eg]/ uf8L btf{ ljefun] h] lbG5, ToxL uf8Ldf nufpF5g\ . ljefun] lbg] Kn]6 gDa/ bf]xf]l/g] x'Fb}g . t/ Eoflg6L Kn]6 dfUbf klxn] s;}n] lnPsf] eP, bf]xf]l/g] ul/ eg] kfpg] ;+efjgf x'Fb}g . o:tf] cj:yf lxHh] km/s kfg]{, larsf cIf/ x6fpg], cuf8L jf k5f8L w;f]{ /fVg] jf c+s /fVg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ljefun] lbg] Kn]6df cIf/ / c+s jf b'j} u/]/ ;fdfGot & cIf/ ÷ c+s;Dd x'G5g\ eg] Eoflg6L Kn]6df * ;Dd x'g;S5g\ . dfG5]n] gfd, y/, gfgL jf afa' -;Gtfg_ sf] gfd, cfkm" cfPsf] jf cfkm" hGd]sf] 7fpF, s's'/–la/fnf]sf] gfd, cflb n]v]sf] b]lvG5 . dfG5]n] /fhgLlt b]vfpg vf]h]sf klg gkfOg] xf]Og . /dfOnf] nfUg] Eoflg6L Kn]6 klg oqtq b]lvG5g\ . oxfF ;+:ff/sf ;a} b]zsf dflg; 5g\ . cfkm" cfPsf] b]zsf] gfd, /fhwfgL, c? zx/sf gfd klg nv]sf] e]l6G5 . g]kfnL gfd klg t b]lvG5g\ .
Go'of]s{l:yt :jtGqtfsL k|ltd"lt{ (Statue of Liberty) sf] prfO -e'“Oaf6 Hjfnfsf] 6'Kkf];Dd_ slt 5 <
$ @)@) km]a|'c/L, jif{ !) c+s !@*
jfl;ª\u6g (Washington)
d jfl;ª\u6g /fHo x'F . jfl;ª\u6g dfq eGbf em'lSsG5 . cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL jfl;ª\u6g l8;L xf] eg] of] jfl;ª\u6g /fHo xf] . b'j} km/s x'g\ . n
n
n
jfl;ª\u6g /fHo k|zfGt dxf;fu/;Fu hf]l8Psf] pQ/–klZrdL /fHo xf] . o;sf] /fhwfgL cf]nlDkof (Olympia) / 7"nf] zx/ l;of6n (Seattle) xf] . n
n
n
o;nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf n]lvG5 .
of] !* cf}+ 7"nf] /fHo xf], h;sf] If]qkmn &! xhf/ # ;o ^@ ju{ dfOn -! nfv n n n jfl;ª\u6g /fHodf #( j6f *$ xhf/ * ;o @& ju{ lsnf]ld6/_ 5 . sfpG6L (county) 5g\ . jfl;ª\u6g /fHosf] j]a;fO6 access.wa.gov xf] .
n
n
n
n
n
n
hg;+Vof sl/a &^ nfv !$ xhf/ * ;o (# 5 . w]/} hg;+Vof x'g] of] !# cf}+ /fHo xf] .
o;sf] pQ/df Sofg8f (Canada), blIf0f cf]/]ug (Oregon), k"j{ cfO8fxf] (Idaho), / klZrddf k|zfGt dxf;fu/ (Pacific Ocean) 5 .
n
n
n
jfl;ª\u6g /fHo ;g\ !**( gf]e]Da/ @ df cd]l/sfsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf $@ cf}+ /fHosf ?kdf k|j]z u/]sf] xf] .
WA
n
n
n
sf] s;/L 5, cd]l/sfdf <– hfGg vf]Hbf
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 91 c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 PsfgAa]of}+ ;"rL -efu (!_ • effect:
lqmof– pTkGg ug'{, ;DkGg ug'{, agfpg', k"/f ug'{, l;4 ug'{, ;Dkfbg ug'÷{ u/fpg', sfof{lGjt ug'{ . gfd– c;/, kl/0ffd, k|efj, kmn, glthf, sfo{, cfzo, 3t, lgbfg, tfTko{, ;DklQ, h]yf . • effective:
gfd– xftxltof/af6 ;lHht ;]gf, ;]gfsf] efu . ljz]if0f– 3tnfUbf], kmnf]Tkfbs, ;]jfof]Uo, hl;nf], k|efjsf/L, sfo{;fws, lgikfbs, k|efjzfnL, sf/u/, jf:tljs, k|efj kfg]{, xfn eO/x]sf], ljBdfg, ;]jfdf Nofpg ;lsg]
;]gf, ;dy{s . • efficient:
ljz]if0f– bIf, sfo{bIf, l;kfn', sfo{s'zn, ;fws, ;Ifd, lgk'0f, s'zn, sfo{ ;Ifd, ;dy{, k|efjzfnL . • effort:
gfd– k|oTg, k|of;, sf]lzz, wfdf, d]xgt, pBd, r]i6f, kf}¿if .
cf7 ah] . ljz]if0f– ci6 . • either:
ljz]if0f ÷ lqmof ljif]z0f ÷ gfd– of, b'O{df Ps, b'j}, of] geP Tof], s'g} klg, s'g} Ps, o;sf ;fy;fy}, x/]s, klg, jf . • elbow:
gfd– s'lxgf], s'x'gf], s'Ogf], s'lxgf] cfsf/sf] gnL . • egg: lqmof– s'lxgf] cfsf/ lbg', lqmof– pS;fpg', prfNg', k'7 s'lxgfn] wSofpg', 3Rof6\g', lbg', tfp lbg', cuf8L a9fpg' . s'lxgf]n] dflg;x?nfO{ kG5fP/ gfd– c08f, km'n, l8Daf, c08, x"ndf cuf8L a9\g' . qmdzM c08fsf/ j:t' . • eight:
gfd– cf7, ci6, tf;sf] c6\7f,
la6 dfbf{dfb}{
k[i7 # sf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ #)% lkm6 ^ OGr -(# ld6/_
cd]l/sfdf s]xL nfv g]kfnL 5g\\ . To:t}df s]xL yKbf g]kfnL–efifL 5g\ . oxfF ;a} Pp6} tl/sfn] cd]l/sf gcfPsf] x'g;S5 . km/s dfG5] km/s tl/sfn] cd]l/sf cfPsf] x'g;S5 . o:tf] g]kfn, e"6fg, adf{df b]Vg kfOFb}g . dfG5]lkR5] sf s'/f hfGg cf}wL /dfOnf] x'G5 . o;}sf nflu o;k6s s]xL xhf/ g]kfnL, cd]l/sfdf o;/L klg 5g\, eGg] hfgsf/Lsf] cfj/0f syf . o:t} xfdLn] oxfFsf uf8Ldf b]v]sf] gDa/ Kn]6sf] csf]{ /f]rs ;Gbe{ . s] xfdLdWo] sf]xL oL b'O{ k|;+udWo] Pp6fdf t st} 5}gf}+ <Û wGojfb
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada Building Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut St., Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com