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Título original: Timor Lorosa’e, pays au carrefour de l’Asie et du Pacifique – un atlas géo-historique Autor: Frédéric Durand Copyright: Presses Universitaires de Marne-la-Vallée (França) e IRASEC (Banguecoque–Tailândia), 2002 Créditos fotográficos: Frédéric Durand, Bruno kahn, Timor-Aid Copyright © para língua portuguesa, Julho 2010 LIDEL – Edições Técnicas, Lda. Tradução: Pedro Rosa Mendes Pré-Impressão: REK LAME Multiserviços Gráficos & Publicidade, Lda. Impressão e Acabamento: Times Printers Pte Ltd – Singapura ISBN: 978-972-757-643-2 Depósito Legal: 313261/10 Capa: José Manuel Reis
Este pictograma merece uma explicação. O seu propósito é alertar o leitor para a ameaça que representa para o futuro da escrita, nomeadamente na área da edição técnica e universitária, o desenvolvimento massivo da fotocópia. O Código do Direito de Autor estabelece que é crime punido por lei, a fotocópia sem autorização dos proprietários do copyright. No entanto, esta prática generalizou-se sobretudo no ensino superior, provocando uma queda substancial na compra de livros técnicos. Assim, num país em que a literatura técnica é tão escassa, os autores não sentem motivação para criar obras inéditas e fazê-las publicar, ficando os leitores impossibilitados de ter bibliografia em português. Lembramos portanto, que é expressamente proibida a reprodução, no todo ou em parte, da presente obra sem autorização da editora.
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No caminho de uma história marcada por vários episódios trágicos, Timor-Leste conseguiu a independência a 20 de Maio de 2002, sob o nome de Timor Lorosa’e, Timor “Sol Nascente”. Mosaico etnolinguístico situado nos confins do Sudeste Asiático e do mundo oceânico, este território cobre uma superfície de 14.610 km2, ou seja, um pouco mais do que o Líbano. Entreposto comercial e, posteriormente, colónia portuguesa durante quatro séculos, foi invadido pela armada indonésia em Dezembro de 1975. Nos dias que se seguiram, a Organização das Nações Unidas condenou a intervenção e pediu a retirada imediata das tropas de Jacarta. Contudo, estas resoluções foram infrutíferas, pois mais de 250 000 timorenses morreram, enquanto uma resistência se esforçava em manter uma frágil esperança de liberdade. Em 1998, manifestações populares levaram o general Suharto à demissão da presidência da República da Indonésia. Timor-Leste conseguiu então a realização de um referendo de autodeterminação. Foi assim que, a 30 de Agosto de 1999, mais de 78% da população votou pela independência, pondo termo a 25 anos de ocupação.
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O presente atlas tem como objectivo reflectir sobre a originalidade deste território, movimentando as fontes documentais, estatísticas e cartográficas disponíveis desde a época colonial, e tentar explicar como constrangimentos materiais e questões locais, regionais ou mundiais, puderam acontecer e ainda continuam a influenciar o destino timorense.
ISBN 978-972-757-643-2
9 789727 576432