გაზეთი "უმუშევერი"

gazeTi N1

17 ivlisi, 2019

dainaxe uxilavi umuSevroba ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis Jurnalistikisa da masobrivi komunikaciis mimarTulebis saswavlo gazeTi

statistikiT SeniRbuli umuSevroba

saSinao Sroma qalis gza umuSevrobamde

qveyanaSi mosaxleobis mier umuSevrobis aRqmasa da dasaqmebis oficialur dones Soris mkveTri sxvaobaa, umuSevroba ki sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevebSi kvlav erT-erT mowinave problemad rCeba. ekonomistebi am kontrastis umTavres mizezad TviTdasaqmebis maRal maCvenebels da mis moCvenebiTobas asaxeleben. maTi azriT, es is SeniRbuli problemaa, romelTan gamklavebac realuri suraTis aRqmis gareSe SeuZlebelia.

eliavas bazroba qarTuli Sromis birJa

„erTad SevqmnaT Cveni momavali“ mokle gza dasaqmebisken qalaqi Tbilisi. respublikis moedani. 15 ivnisi. dilis 12 saaTidan yofili „vardebis moedanze“ xalxmravlobaa.

ZiriTadad, axalgazrdebi Warboben, amis mizezi ki isaa, rom dRes aq profesiuli ganaTlebis qarTul-germanuli dReebi gaixsna. RonisZieba saqarTvelosa da germanias Soris xangrZliv da nayofier TanamSromlobas eZRvneba saqarTveloSi profesiuli ganaTlebis modernizebaSi. qarTvel da ucxoel eqspertebTan, mewarmeebTan, biznesisa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebTan, studentebTan da mSoblebTan erTad, damswreebs SesaZlebloba aqvT, uSualod naxon, ramdenad mravalferovani SeiZleba iyos profesiuli ganaTleba.

TviTdasaqmebuli dezertirebi „dezertirebis bazari“ – es saxeli 1920-iani wlebidan gaCnda da wereTlis quCis mimdebare teritoriaze arsebul sasoflo-sameurneo bazars dRemde ase moixsenieben. manamde ki „rusis bazris“ saxeliT iyo cnobili. Zvelad am adgilas jariskacebis iaraRsa da aRkazmulobas yiddnen.

msgavs istoriebs yovel fexis nabijze SevxvdebiT. qalebi, romlebsac miRebuli aqvT Sesabamisi ganaTleba, xSirad ver saqmdebian imis gamo, rom saSinao Sroma TiTqmis mTlianad maTi Sesasrulebelia. bavSvis movla, dalageba, recxva, sadilis momzadeba da bavSvis mecadineoba is saqmianobebia, romlis Sesrulebac diasaxlisebs yoveldRiurad uwevT. es ki fizikurad ar utovebs maT imis dros, rom dasaqmdnen da sakuTari Semosavali hqondeT.

ucxouri Zala qarTul SromiT bazarze miuxedavad qveyanaSi arsebuli umuSevrobisa, Cveni emigrantebis msgavsad, saqarTvelosac stumroben sxva qveynis moqalaqeebi, romelTa Camosvlis mizanic dasaqmebaa. ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa, kerZod ki saqarTveloSi mudmivi binadrobis armqone pirTa Taobaze mTavrobis dadgenileba arsebobs. kanonis miRebamde, jer kidev iniciativis doneze arsebuli cvlileba imTaviTve gaxda kritikis sagani.

akaki wereTlis gamzirze gamvlelebs eliavas bazrobisken mimavali gzis miswavleba vTxove da ramdenime patara quCis gavlis Semdeg, daaxloebiT 15 wuTSi, qaoturad gaSenebul bazrobas mivadeqi.

Camwkrivebul daxlebs gavuyevi da male Tanamedrove ti pis maRaziebic davinaxe, cota gza kidev gaviare da kvlav daxlebi gamoCnda. eliavas bazroba did labirinTs mogagonebT - rac ufro Rrmad Sedixar SigniT, ufro metad kargav gamosasvlel gzas da ggonia, rom wreze dadixar.

SSm pirebi umuSevrobis winaSe - interviu aqtivist esma gumberiZesTan imis miuxedavad, rom saxelmwifos SezRuduli SesaZleblobis pirebis dasaqmebis xelSewyobisTvis mravali programa aqvs, am mimarTulebiT garkveuli gamowvevebi mainc rCeba. 2018 wlis monacemebiT, 6073 samuSaos maZiebeli SSm piridan mxolod 99 dasaqmda. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis nawili, erTi mxriv, programebs araefeqturad afasebs, meore mxriv ki damsaqmeblis arasaTanado damokidebulebasa da garemos araadaptirebaze saubrobs. dasaqmebis ZiriTad problemebze, procesSi dakargul motivaciasa da gamowvevebTan gamklavebis SesaZlo gzebze SSm pirTa aqtivisti, esma gumberiZe gvesaubra.

TviTdasaqmeba i

taqsis mZRoloba, anu samsaxuri, roca ginda

ail of

pr

ramdenime dRis win, daaxloebiT saRamos 10 saaTze, mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi gadaRlilma gadavwyvite sadguris moednidan saxlamde taqsiT wavsuliyavi. Tavisufali taqsi rom davinaxe, mxolod daniSnulebis adgili vuTxari da mere ukve gzas gavudeqiT. megona 15 wuTs Cems saxlamde siCumeSi gavatarebdi, Tumca Cemi molodinebi ar gamarTlda, roca taqsis mZRolma raRac mkiTxa da Cveni dialogic daiwyo. ai, ra gavarkvie 15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi. taqsis mZRoli 43 wlis mamuka uzaraSvili gaxldaT. hyavs meuRle da ori Svili. 1993 wlis afxazeTis omis simware masac gamoucdia da axla iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piris statusic aqvs miniWebuli. taqsis mZRolad muSaoba daaxloebiT 4 wlis win daiwyo, iqamde benzingasamarT sadgurzec umuSavia. mZRolobis gadawyvetileba ratom miiRo, zustad ar axsovs, Tumca, axla rom ufiqrdeba Zalianac moswons. ,roca ginda, maSin waxval samsaxurSi, an Tu ginda sul nu waxval”, - xumrobs mamuka. misi samsaxuris ufro seriozulad ganxilvisas ki ambobs, rom sxva samsaxurebis msgavsad, romlebic gamomuSavebazea, am SemTxvevaSic yvelaferi Sens gamZleobazea damokidebuli. samuSaod dilis da saRamos saaTebSi gamodis. saSualo xelfasi ki dReSi daaxloebiT 40-50 lari gamosdis, misi TqmiT: ,,gaaCnia, xandaxan ubralod ar aris Seni dRe, xandaxan SeiZleba ufro metic gaakeTo.” manqanebi bavSvobidanve izidavda, amitom Tavisi ,,araprognozirebadi” samsaxuri Zalianac moswons da uyvars. cota meqanikaSic erkveva da Tavis manqanasac TviTonve amowmebs xolme, raime nawili xom ar aqvs Sesacvleli da a.S. amaze saubarma bunebrivad migviyvana regulaciebis sakiTxamde. aqamde Tu mamuka xumrobaxumrobiT laparakobda, axla sruli seriozulobiT Seudga

i

aJ

t or

rep

megi nefariZe Google-is arqividan

eliavas bazroba – qarTuli Sromis birJa

akaki wereTlis gamzirze gamvlelebs eliavas bazrobisken mimavali gzis miswavleba vTxove da ramdenime patara quCis gavlis Semdeg, daaxloebiT 15 wuTSi, qaoturad gaSenebul bazrobas mivadeqi. Camwkrivebul daxlebs gavuyevi da male Tanamedrove ti pis maRaziebic davinaxe, cota gza kidev gaviare da kvlav daxlebi gamoCnda. eliavas bazroba did labirinTs mogagonebT - rac ufro Rrmad Sedixar SigniT, ufro metad kargav gamosasvlel gzas da ggonia, rom wreze dadixar. bazroba mtkvris marcxena sanapiros mimdebare teritoriaze 90-ian wlebSi maSin gaCnda, roca ramdenime movaWrem aq sakuTari jixuri Cadga. dResdReobiT bazrobis teritorias daaxloebiT 15 heqtari uWiravs. eliavas bazrobaze 15 000-mde movaWre muSaobs. movaWreebi saubrisas Tavazianad mTavazobdnen TavianT produqcias, magram rogorc ki igebdnen, rom maTi aq muSaobis istoriis mosmena msurda, uars ambobdnen da dakavebulobas imizezebdnen.

2

Temis ganxilvas. miuxedavad imisa rom axal regulaciebs taqsistebis raRac nawilis protesti mohyva da, mamukas azriT, raRac gagebiT isini SeiZleba gavamarTloT kidec, is miiCnevs, rom am regulaciebis daweseba saWiro da droulic iyo. ,,ki bevr Tavis tkivilTanaa dakavSirebuli, magram ras vizamT, imaze cota meti unda gaviWirvoT, vidre axla viWirvebT”, - mamukas azriT teqnikuri daTvalierebas saxelmwifro arc unda ,,aZalebdes” mZRols, TviTonve unda iyos amis iniciatori, radgan es, pirvelyovlisa, swored mZRolis interesebSi Sedis. TeTri taqsebis ideac moswons, Tanac ise daemTxva, rom mas ukve TeTri manqana hyavs. rac Seexeba samomavlod taqsebSi mricxvelebis dayenebas, mamuka amasac miesalmeba. ambobs. rom mgzavrebTan ,,vaWroba” arc ise sasiamovno procesia, mricxvelebi ki zedmet davas aacilebs Tavidan mZRolsac da mgzavrsac, orive kmayofili darCeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom mgzavrebTan ,,vaWroba” ar xiblavs, maTTan saubari daniSnulebis adgilas misvlamde, piriqiT, Zalian uyvars. ,,iSviaTad aris rom klients ar velaparakebode, aris xolme momentebi, Tu Sevatyve SeiZleba gabrazdes, aRar vcdilob ramis Tqmas”, - ambobs mamuka. garda imisa, rom samsxurSi wasvla Sen survilzea damokideuli, taqsis mZRoloba imitomac xiblavs mas, rom saSualebas aZlevs sxvadasxva ti pisa da xasiaTis adamianebs Sexvdes, marTalia es Sexvedra xanmoklea, Tumca maTTan saubaric sakmarisia. amasobaSi 15 wuTic gavida da saxlSic movedi, meSvide sarTulamde kibeebs rom davadeqi, raRacnairad gakvirvebuli viyavi, ar megona daRlils, taqsis mZRolTan dialogi ase Tu mesiamovneboda.

sxva movaWreebisgan gansxvavebiT, saubarze uari ar uTqvams 87 wlis movaWres – miSa babus, rogorc Tavi gamacno. roca vkiTxe, didi xani iyo Tu ara, rac aq muSaobda, mi pasuxa, rom ara da Tan moayola – 22 weliao.

87 wlis movaWre profesiiT agronomia. swavlis damTavrebis Semdeg sakuTari profesiiT muSaoba daiwyo, Semdeg sabWoTa kavSiri daiSala da samaxuric dakarga. megobris SemoTavazebas daTanxmda da eliavas bazrobaze erTi daxli iqirava. aqac Tavis profesiasTan dakavSirebul nivTebs yidda. ,,soflis meurneobisTvis gamosadeg iaraRebs vyiddi Tavidanve: bars, Toxs, weraqvs. CemiT vamzadebdi xis tars da dRemde amas vakeTeb”, - aRniSna miSam. dananebiT ambobs, rom adre lukmapuris fuls mainc Soulobda da dRes mogeba saerTod aRar aqvs. ambobs, rom es samuSao misTvis Semosavlis wyaro didi xania aRaraa, ubralod unda, rom yoveldRiurad transportis fuli mainc gamoimuSaos. ,,dReebi midis, rom 1 laris mogebac ki ar maqvs, minda, Tavi davanebo, magram vici, usaqmurad Tu gavCerdebi, 2 Tvec ver gavZleb”, - ambobs Cemi respondenti. garda soflis samuSao iaraRebisa, eliavas bazrobaze sxva uamrav nivTsac aRmoaCenT, maT Sorisaa samSeneblo da saremonto masalebi, santeqnika, SuSa, sarke da e.w daSlilebi. kidev erTi movaWre, romelic siamovnebiT daTanxmda CemTan saubars da Tavisi istoriis gaziarebas, 67 wlis murmania. profesiiT mSenebeli wlebis win am saqmianobiT iyo dakavebuli, Tumca, roca aRmoaCina, rom mSeneblobebze samsaxurs veRar Soulobda, eliavas bazrobaze patara daxlis daqiraveba gadawyvita.

Tavidan saRebavebis gayidviT daiwyo, Semdeg saketebze gadavida, dRes ki samuSao iaraRebs yidis. dananebiT aRniSnavs, rom didi biznesmeni ver gaxda, Tumca mainc dRemde yoveldRiurad agrZelebs eliavas bazrobaze sakuTar daxlTan muSaobas. momxmarebelTan urTierTobas rTuls uwodebs da aRniSnavs:

,,bevrnairi xalxi modis. zogs ginda, kargi urCio, magram ver agebineb Sens azrs. zogi uzrdelia, zogi uxeSi. arian didi xnis klientebic, romlebTanac davmegobrdi kidec.” murmanis azriT, ukve droa eliavas bazroba Tanamedrove ti pis savaWro centri moewyos. misi TqmiT, es met momxmarebelsac moizidavs da xarisxsac gaaumjobesebs. eliavas bazrobis gaTanamedrovebaze saubari ukve didi xania daiwyo. 2018 wlis Tbilisis miwaTsargeblobis generaluri gegma eliavas bazroba da misi mimdebare teritoria saqalaqo mniSvnelobis parkis mowyobis potenciur arealad ganixilavda, Tumca es idea ar ganxorcielebula. aRniSnul generalur gegmaze muSaoba 2015 wels daiwyo, Tumca dRemde arcerTi is samuSao ar Catarebula, romelic rekreaciuli zonis mosawyobadaa saWiro. eliavas bazrobaze dasaqmebuli movaWreebi am ideas ararealurs uwodeben da amboben, rom bazrobis sxva adgilze gadatana rTuli procesi iqneba da vercerT gareubanSi ver moiZebneba imxela teritoria, rom yvela movaWris daxlisTvis gamoinaxos sivrce.

mariam talaxaZe mariam talaxaZe

TviTdasaqmeba

statistikiT SeniRbuli umuSevroba statusi SesTavazes. is da misi Tanasoflelebi mosavliT, ZiriTadad, ojaxebs arCenen da biznesisTvis dro da Tanxa ar rCebaT.

„aq aseTi pirobebi araa, rom gayido. jer damuSavebas Zalian didi saxsrebi sWirdeba da ver amuSavebs xalxi. azri ar aqvs rasac xarjav, imdeni Semosavali araa, rom xarjic aanazRauro da mogebac dagrCes. saxelmwifo Tu gaaiafebs miwis dasamuSaveblad saWiro produqtebs - minerals, sasuqs, traqtorebs da sawvavs, SeiZleba ufro met glexs moundes miwis damuSaveba”, - ambobs CvenTan saubrisas nunu barbaqaZe.

qveyanaSi mosaxleobis mier umuSevrobis aRqmasa da dasaqmebis oficialur dones Soris mkveTri sxvaobaa, umuSevroba ki sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevebSi kvlav erT-erT mowinave problemad rCeba. ekonomistebi am kontrastis umTavres mizezad TviTdasaqmebis maRal maCvenebels da mis moCvenebiTobas asaxeleben. maTi azriT, es is SeniRbuli problemaa, romelTan gamklavebac realuri suraTis aRqmis gareSe SeuZlebelia. riT gansxvavdeba sazogadoebrivi azri da umuSevrobis oficialuri done “erovnul demokratiulma institutma (NDI)” 2019 wlis aprilSi Caatara sazogadoebrivi azris kvleva, romlis erT-erTi kiTxva dasaqmeba/umuSevrobis problemasac Seexeboda. kvlevis mixedviT, mosaxleobis 21% miiCnevs, rom umuSevaria. amasTan, 2018 wlis monacemebiT, umuSevroba yvelaze mniSvnelovan problemad dasaxelda ekonomikur mdgomareobasTan, dabal xelfasebsa da dabal pensiasTan erTad. oficialuri statistikis mixedviT, umuSevrobis maCvenebeli 2018 wels 12,7%-ia, rac sazogadoebrivi aRqmisgan gansxvavebul realobas gvaZlevs. amasTan, aRniSnuli monacemi wina wlebTan SedarebiT Semcirda. Tu statistikas ar CavuRrmavdebiT, erTi SexedviT, Cans, rom mosaxleobis ekonomikuri done gaumjobesda, xolo Tu monacemebs davakvirdebiT, aRmovaCenT, rom Semcirda dasaqmebulTa ricxovnobac da socialur-ekonomikuri migraciisa Tu sxva faqtorebis gamo am mimarTulebiT ukeTesoba ar SeiniSneba. paradoqsuli gansxvavebaa qalaqisa da soflis mosaxleobis dasaqmebis doneebs Sorisac. kerZod, qalaqSi umuSevroba daaxloebiT 3-jer aRemateba soflis imave maCvenebels. eqspertebSi Cndeba eWvi, rom monacemi moCvenebiTi TviTdasaqmebiT xelovnuradaa gazrdili. ratomaa TviTdasaqmebis maRali maCvenebeli qveyanaSi problematuri TviTdasaqmeba ganimarteba, rogorc mesakuTris iseTi saqmianoba, romelic mogebas an ojaxuri Semosavlis miRebas isaxavs miznad, iqneba es fuliT Tu naturiT. statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris bolo monacemebiT, 2019 wlis

pirvel kvartalSi dasaqmebuli mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 49,7% TviTdasaqmebulia.

TviTdasaqmebulTa statistikaSi soflis mosaxleoba liderobs, romlis ZiriTadi saqmianoba meurneobaa. am adamianebidan raRac nawili, SesaZloa, „SeniRbulad iyos dasaqmebuli”, radgan am terminis qveS iseTi adamianebic erTiandebian, romlebsac, ubralod, Sinameurneoba aqvT da maTi Semosavali an mogeba ucnobia. ekonomikuri transformaciis centris direqtori, ramaz gerliani CvenTan saubrisas ambobs, rom TviTdasaqmebis realuri SesaZlebloba qveynisTvis dadebiT rols SeiZleba TamaSobdes, Tumca arsebuli meTodologiiT ver vxvdebiT, aris Tu ara aRniSnuli piri TviTkmari.

„TviTdasaqmebulis terminis qveS SeiZleba is ojaxic gaerTiandes, romlis sakuTrebaSi patara miwis nakveTia. am SemTxvevaSi ar eqceva yuradReba, amuSavebs Tu ara ojaxi miwas da hyofnis Tu ara miRebuli Semosavali Tvidan Tvemde, ramac, SeiZleba, ararealuri suraTi mogvces. ucxoeTSi 0,2 heqtari ojaxisTvis ukve niSnavs dasaqmebas, radgan is sinamdvileSi muSavdeba, modis mosavali da akmayofilebs mepatrones. saqarTveloSi ki am mxriv gansxvavebuli viTarebaa”, - acxadebs ekonomisti.

rogorc “saqarTvelos reformaTa asociaciis (GRASS)” 2019 wlis angariSSi vkiTxulobT, qveyanaSi soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebuli pirebis saqmianoba dabalproduqtiuli da dabalSemosavliania, aRniSnuls ki mTlian Sida produqtSi soflis meurneobis dabali wili adasturebs. am sferoSi mosaxleobis didi nawilia dasaqmebuli (daaxloebiT 39%), zrdis tempi ki dabalia, rac qveynis ekonomikas azaralebs. kvlevis avtorebi varaudoben, rom am kuTxiT arsebuli viTareba SesaZloa siRaribis gamomwvevi erT-erTi mizezi iyos. es ixsneba im faqtiT, rom TviTdasaqmebulebi warmoebuli produqciis ZiriTadi nawils TavianTTvisve moixmaren da ekonomika amiT ver sazrdoobs. imereTis raionis sofel korboulis mcxovreb 43 wlis nunu barbaqaZes lobio da simindi mohyavs. rogorc Tavad ambobs, gasul wels mcire mewarmis

analizisa da prognozirebis centris direqtoris, vaxtang Waraias TqmiT, TviTdasaqmebulebSi iseTi adamianebis raodenoba, romlebic marTla SeiZleba miviCnioT dasaqmebulebad, Zalian cotaa. „TviTdasaqmebulia taqsis mZRoli, romelsac TveSi 1500-2000 lari aqvs Semosavali, magram soflad macxovrebeli glexi, 300 lari rom gamosdis TveSi — ara”, — acxadebs ekonomisti CvenTan saubrisas. ra viTarebaa ucxoeTSi qveyanaSi arsebuli viTareba evropisgan mkveTrad gansxvavdeba. kerZod, evrofondis gasuli wlis aprilis kvlevis angariSSi weria, rom evrokavSiris qveynebSi TviTdasaqmebulTa raodenoba, saSualod, 14%-s mcirediT aWarbebs. ise ki, aRniSnul qveynebSi monacemebi, ZiriTadad, 5%-dan iwyeba da 25%-mde meryeobs. aSkaraa, rom ganviTarebul qveynebSi TviTdasaqmebulTa raodenoba daqiravebulebTan SedarebiT mcirea, rac ganviTarebul ekonomikasa da qveynis maRal Semosvalze miuTiTebs. amasTan, evrofondma is mizezebic gamoikiTxa, romlis gamoc mosaxleobam TviTdasaqmeba gadawyvita. rogorc Cans, evrokavSiris mosaxleobis 60% ubralod sakuTari interesebidan gamomdinare dasaqmda am mimarTulebiT. saqarTveloSi ki aRniSnuli monacemebi gamokvleuli araa. SesaZloa, qveyanaSi am sferos moTxovna alternativis ararsebobis gamo gaizarda da es pirebi mxolod formalurad arian dasaqmebuli.

Google-is arqividan

rogoraa SesaZlebeli faruli umuSevrobis Cixidan gamosvla dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi arasruli dasaqmebisa da faruli umuSevrobis statistikas ar awarmoeben. qveyanas arc saxelmwifo politika aqvs imisTvis, rom statistikasa da realobas Soris arsebuli sivrce amoavsos. rogorc statistikis erovnul samsaxurSi gveubnebian, imis Sesaxeb, dgas Tu ara dRis wesrigSi faruli an arsruli umuSevrobis aRwera, uwyebas informacia ar aqvs. vaxtang Waraia ambobs, rom realurad dasaqmebulTa gamosaTvlelad sapensio fondis monacemebis analizi dagvexmareba, radgan sapensio fondSi 806 aTasi adamiania gawevrianebuli. Tu piri muSaobs, am siaSi avtomaturad iricxeba. saqarTveloSi, daaxloebiT, 1,7 milioni piria dasaqmebuli. eqspertis azriT, swored sapensio fondSi arSesuli adamianebi arian „SeniRbulad dasaqmebuli” pirebi. ekonomistis TqmiT, arsebuli gamowvevebis gadalaxvisTvis monacemebis swori deklarirebaa saWiro. kerZod, qveyanam statistikuri aRricxva unda moawesrigos da realuri suraTis danaxvis Semdeg soflad samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis politikaze imuSavos. ekonomisti ambobs, rom amisTvis regionuli naxazis Seqmna da Tanmimdevruli nabijebis gadadgmaa saWiro. ramaz gerlianis azriT ki umuSevroba ekonomikis ganviTarebam unda aRmofxvras, xolo imisTvis, rom ekonomika gajansaRdes, Sesabamisi politika gvWirdeba: „pirveli nabiji aris is, rom saxelmwifo sakuTreba ufro naklebi unda iyos kerZo sakuTrebaze. Cven ase ar gvaqvs — didi wili aqtivebisa, 70%-ze meti aris saxelmwifos xelSi. arsebuli sikeTeebi im 30%-is gamo gagvaCnia, amis kvalobaze gvaqvs es ekonomika. Tu swrafad gavatarebT reformebs da kerZo seqtoris CarTulobas gavzrdiT, es iqneba yvelaze jansaRi recepti realuri dasaqmebis mosapoveblad”. imis gamo, rom am mimarTulebiT oficialuri statistika ar arsebobs, calsaxad rTulia problemis masStabebis dadgena. swored arsebuli viTarebis srulfasovnad aRqmis Semdeg SeiZleba daiwyos saxelmwifom umuSevrobasTan sabrZolvelad efeqturi politikis gatareba. Tumca meore sakiTxi isaa, Tu ramdenad awyobs saxelmwifos problemisTvis Tvalis gasworeba.

ekaterine janiaSvili

3

SromiTi migracia

migracia, anu samsaxuri qarTulad eqsperti paata aroSiZe ambobs: ,,erTi adamiani, romelic ucxoeTSi iRebs xelfass, niSnavs saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi 3 adamianis sacxovrebeli pirobebiT uzrunvelyofas. faqtobrivad, erTi emigranti ucxoeTSi muSaobiT erT qarTul ojaxs arCens.“ ucxoeTSi wasuli adamianebi ZiriTadad gadmoricxaven xolme Tanxebs. es ki garkveulwilad dadebiTad aisaxeba erovnuli valutis kursze. ekonomistebi Tanxmdebian mosazrebaze, rom, Tu emigrantebis umravlesoba qveyanaSi dabrundeba da gadmoricxvebis raodenoba sagrZnoblad moiklebs, maSin es Seamcirebs qveynis ekonomikis keTildReobas da gazrdis umuSevrobis maCvenebels. qveynidan samuSao Zalis gadinebis erT-erTi maprovocirebeli faqtori, rogorc ukve vTqviT, umuSevrobaa. amJamad saqarTveloSi umuSevrobis done 12,7%-ia, rac 1,2 da 1,3-iT gansxvavdeba wina wlebis maCveneblebisgan. bolo periods Tu gadavavlebT Tvals, mamakac migrantTa raodenoba statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris Tvals, migraciis gazrdili masS- yovelTvis aWarbebda emigrant qalTa mixedviT qveyanaSi jamSi 1 mln 695 tabebi msoflios mravali qveynis raodenobas. albaT, gasaTvaliswine- aTasi dasaqmebuli piria, aqedan 1 problemas warmoadgens. rac dro belia asakobrivi kategoriac, 25-40 mln 394 aTasi TviTdasaqmebulia, gadis, miT ufro uxilavi xdeba saz- wlamde kategoriebSi kacebi lid- 299 aTasi ki saxelmwifo seqtorSia Rvrebi qveynebs Soris. migraciis eroben, xolo 40-65 wlamde katego- dasaqmebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamomwvevi mizezi SeiZleba sxvadasx- riaSi qalebi. amis mizezi, SeiZleba, wina wlebTan SedarebiT umuSevrovanairi iyos, magaliTad, turistu- isic iyos, rom maTTvis ufro iolia bis done Semcirebulia, is kvlav li, ekonomikuri, socialuri. aseve, bavSvis aRmzrdelis Tu moxucis mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs saxelxSiria SemTxvevebi, roca studentebi momvlelis samsaxuris naxva. mwifos mosagvarebel problemaTa qveyanas ganaTlebis miRebis mizniT swored moxucs uvlis 42 wlis siaSi. sanam saqarTveloSi ar gaumtoveben. Tumca, qarTvel emigrantTa xaTuna espaneTSi, kerZod, valensi- jobesdeba ekonomikuri mdgomareoba umravlesoba sazRvargareT samuSaos aSi. sazRvargareT samuSaod wasv- da minimaluri Semosavali ar iqneba, sapovnelad midis. lis gadawyvetileba daaxloebiT emigrantebi ar dabrundebian. cxadia, 7-8 wlis win miiRo. Tavdapirvelad ar dabrundebian, aq Tu isev umumigraciis istoria saqarTveloSi Svilis datoveba gauWirda saqarT- Sevrad mouwevT yofna. veloSi, radgan is skolis moswavle migraciis sakiTxTa samTavrobo iyo. espaneTSi legalurad muSaobis migracia vizaliberalizaciis komisiis mier momzadebul „saqarT- ufleba moi pova, megobrul ojaxSi Semdeg velos 2017 wlis migraciis pro- aRmoCnda da garkveuli drois Semdeg filSi“ weria, rom mniSvnelovani dauaxlovda kidec qalbatons, ro2017 wlis 8 marts evrokavSiris strategiuli da geopolitikuri melsac uvlida. mogvianebiT Svilmac oficialur JurnalSi gamoqveynda mdebareobis gamo momxdari omebis daamTavra skola da isic waiyvana evrokavSiris sabWos regulaciis Sedegad, qarTveli mosaxleoba mud- TavisTan, radgan jerjerobiT Tvi- cvlileba, romlis Tanaxmad, saqarTmivad migrirebda qveynis SigniT an Ton ver axerxebda saqarTveloSi velom evrokavSirTan uvizo mimosvmis farglebs gareT. dokumentSi, dabrunebas. lis reJimis mqone qveynebis siaSi aseve, aRniSnulia, rom saqarTvelos „ra Tqma unda, miWirda, ra Tqma unda, gadainacvla. rac imas niSnavs, rom uaxlesi istoria emigraciis ramden- rTuli iyo, Tumca, ar vnanob, arc evropaSi samuSaod wasvlis msurime talRas gamoyofs: wuwuns vapireb. Cems qveyanaSi ver velTaTvis procesi bevrad ufro 1. 1950-ian wlebamde, romelic, Zir- movnaxe samuSao, verafers gavxdi, gamartivda. aqamde Tu sxvadasxva iTadad, politikuri represiebis Se- wamovedi sxva qveyanaSi da cota sabuTis momzadeba iyo saWiro, axla degad iZulebiTi (sabWoTa kavSiris suli moviTqvi da fexze wamovdeqi“, ukve biometriuli pasportis qona SigniT) gadasaxlebebiT xasiaTdeba; - ambobs xaTuna. sakmarisi gaxda evropis qveynebSi 2. 1950-1990 wlebSi, ra drosac migraciis saldo - maCvenebeli, ro- wasasvlelad. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis migracia melic emigrantebisa da imigrantebis arsebobs uamravi mosazreba da aseve upiratesad sabWoTa kavSiris sxvaobas aRniSnavs. anu, is gviCven- Teoria imis Sesaxeb, rom vizalibteritoriis farglebSi mimdinare- ebs qveynidan gasulTa da qveyanaSi eralizaciis Semdeg gaizarda emiobda; SemosulTa sxvaobas. marTalia, 2018 grantebis ricxvi, aseve, sazRvargareT 3. 1990-iani wlebis masobrivi emigra- wlis monacemebiT qveynidan gasulTa TavSesafris mTxovnelTa raodenoba, cia, romelic qveyanaSi Seqmnil mZime ricxvi 10 783-iT aWarbebs SemosulTa deportirebuli qarTvelebis raodesocialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobas ricxvs, magram unda aRiniSnos, rom da samxedro konfliqtebs mohyva.

1994 wlidan moyolebuli dRemde saqarTvelodan ucxoeTSi wasv- imigrantTa ricxvi yovelwliurad lis msurvelebi arian rogorc ax- ufro da ufro uaxlovdeba emigrantalgazrdebi, aseve, saSualo asakis Ta ricxvs. Tumca, yuradRebamisaqcemosaxleoba, midian rogorc mezobel via isic, rom migraciuli saldos qveynebSi, ise Soreul kontinentebze. maCvenebli 2017 welTan SedarebiT saqarTvelos statistikis erovnu- gazrdilia - 2017 wels emigrantTa li samsaxuris 2018 wlis monaceme- ricxvi mxolod 2 212-iT aWarbebda bis mixedviT, qarTvel emigrantTa imigrantTa raodenobas. ricxvi 98 935-ia. es monacemi TiTqmis utoldeba 2016 wlis statistikas umuSevroba da migracia - 98 288 qarTveli emigranti. Tumca, 2017 wels emigrantTa raodenoba aqve aucileblad unda iTqvas Semcirebuli iyo - 85 451. miuxeda- isic, rom emigrantTa samSobloSi vad amisa, raimes dazustebiT Tqma dabruneba garkveul problemebsac SeuZlebelia, radgan Zalian did- gamoiwvevs, radgan is pirdapir zeia aralegaluri migracia. bolo 15 gavlenas axdens qveynis finansur wlis statistikas Tu gadavavlebT mdgomareobaze. rogorc ekonomikis

4

nobac da a.S. ar arsebobs oficialuri kvleva an statistika, romelic am mosazrebas daadasturebs. programebi samSobloSi dabrunebuli emigrantebisTvis im emigrantebisTvis, romlebic samSobloSi dabrundnen, saxelmwifos specialuri programa aqvs SemuSavebuli. „saqarTveloSi dabrunebul migrantTa sareintegracio daxmarebis“ programa maT garkveul servisebs sTavazobs. samedicino momsaxurebis da medikamentebis dafinanseba - mwvave, qronikuli, sicocxlisTvis saSiSi daavadebis mqone pirebis saWiro diagnostikis uzrunvelyofa. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis dafinanseba da saTanado medikamentebiT uzrunvelyofa; fsiqo-socialuri reabilitacia. socialuri proeqtebis dafinanseba - Semosavlis wyaros gaCenisa da TviTdasaqmebis xelSewyobis mizniT socialuri proeqtebis dafinanseba. ssi p socialuri momsaxurebis saagentos samuSaos maZiebelTa profesiuli momzadeba - gadamzadebis da kvalifikaciis amaRlebis programaSi beneficiarTa CarTvis xelSewyoba. sacxovrisiT droebiTi uzrunvelyofa - sazRvargareT aralegalurad myofi emigrantebis dabrunebisTanave, aeroportSi saministros warmomadgenlebis mier gamokveTili saWiroebebis SemTxvevaSi, beneficiaris araumetes 4 RamiT droebiTi ganTavsebis uzrunvelyofa. saxelmwifo programa, aseve, iTvaliswinebs programis informaciuli uzrunvelyofis mimarTulebas, romlis farglebSic sazogadoebis informirebis mizniT mzaddeba sainformacio masala, romelic moicavs informacias programiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela servisis Sesaxeb. mSobliuri miwa-wylisgan Sors yofnas, ojaxis wevrebisa da sakuTari saxlis monatrebas, materialur problemebs emateba sazogadoebisagan emigrantebis dauSurebeli kritika, rac kidev ufro amZimebs maT emociur mdgomareobas. saqme isaa, rom qveynidan samuSaod wasvla arc rame mankierebaa da arc Tavganwirva, es ubralod adamianis Zalian rTuli arCevania, romlis fonic qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareobaa.

megi nefariZe Google-is arqividan

ratom ver vsaqmdebiT?

studentebis problemuri realoba

„universitetSi Cabarebamde studentTa didi umravlesobis (80%) umTavresi molodini dasaqmebaa, xolo universitetSi Cabarebis Semdeg maTi molodini icvleba da mxolod 22% fiqrobs rom universiteti maT daexmareba dasaqmebaSi“, - es 2018 wels ilias saxelmwifo universitetis profesorebisa da magistrantebis mier Catarebuli kvlevis erT-erTi Sedegia. „studentebis umravlesobas uWirs samsaxuris da swavlis erTmaneTTan SeTavseba (58%), xolo respondentebis TiTqmis naxevari miiCnevs, rom maT dasaqmebaSi piradi kontaqtebis ar qona da Sromis bazarze arsebuli nepotizmi uSlis xels (46%)”, - vkiTxulobT axalgazrda socialistebis mier 2017 wels Catarebuli kvlevis - „axalgazrdebis damokidebulebis kvleva umaRlesi ganaTlebis da staJirebis sakiTxebze saqarTveloSi“, angariSSi.

mosul axalgazrdebs, garda swavlisa, sacxovreblis xarjebis dafarvac uwevT, studentebi TviTon iwyeben samsaxuris Zebnas. sainteresoa, ra problemebs awydebian axalgazrdebi, rodsac isini swavlis paralelurad muSaoben? konkretulad ra moTxovnebs uyeneben maT damsaqmeblebi da sad aris gamosavali?

mariami, 21 wlis: „pirveli kursis meore semestridan aqtiurad daviwye samuSaos Zieba, vinaidan Zalian mWirdeboda sakuTari Semosavali. maleve daviwye muSaoba, Tumca, Zalian gamiWirda da ramdenime TveSi wamovedi, rom gamegrZelebina maSin swavlas veRar SevZlebdi da amitomac miviRe es gadawyvetileba.“ nikolozi, 22 wlis: „rogor unda SevZlo muSaoba, rodesac leqciidan leqciamde Sualedi 4 an 5 saaTia? xandaxan ufro metic. gamodis, rom mTeli dRe ikargeba da aseT pirobebSi arcerTi damsaqmebeli ar Segiwyobs xels.“ anastasia, 21 wlis: „gamomdinare iqidan, rom universitetSi saswavlo cxrilebi mouwesrigebelia, praqtikulad SeuZlebelia ganrigi ise Seadgino, rom swavlis procesi dRis erT an meore naxevars moicavdes. Sesabamisad, aseT pirobebSi sakmaod rTulia muSaoba.“ luka, 20 wlis: „nebismier damsaqmebels zogjer iseTi moTxovnebi aqvT, dasaqmebaze verc iocnebeb... amas emateba araadekvaturi anazRaureba, rac kidev calke Temaa.“

umuSevrobis struqturis yvelaze mniSvnelovani problema axalgazrdebSi umuSevrobis maRali donea. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris 2018 wlis monacemebiT mixedviT, umuSevrobis done yvelaze maRali 20-24 asakobriv WrilSia da is 30,8%-s Seadgens, rac 1,2 procentuli punqtiT maRalia 2017 wlis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT. aRniSnuli SeiZleba aixsnas im garemoebiT, rom saqarTveloSi axalgazrdebi umeteswilad umaRles ganaTlebas euflebian da swavlis dasrulebis Semdeg isini awydebian ori saxis problemas: 1) Sromis bazarze ar aris moTxovna maT mier dauflebul profesiebze an/da 2) maTi kvalifikacia da samuSao gamocdileba ver akmayofilebs Sromis bazris moTxovnebs. studentebis nawilisTvis swavlasTan erTad muSaoba mniSvnelovania. ganaTlebis miReba ki TanxebTanaa dakavSirebuli. amasTan, yvela studenti ver iRebs saxelmwifo grants. iqidan gamomdinare, rom raionebidan dedaqalaqSi saswavleblad Ca-

rogorc vxedavT, gamokiTxul studentTa umravlesobisTvis mTavari probleba saswavlo cxrilisa da damsaqmeblis mier SemoTavazebuli grafikis SeuTavseblobaa. sainteresoa ratom xdeba es? mTavari mizezi, albaT, is aris, rom saswavlo cxrilebi umeteswilad leqtorebzea morgebuli da ara studentebze. swavlasTan erTad muSaobam students SeiZleba garkveuli ziani miayenos. fsiqologi, nino danelia swored am problemebze gvesaubreba: „am asakSi adamiani ufro metad produqtiulia da nebismier saqmes didi enTuziazmiT akeTebs. miuxedavad amisa, Cveni realoba iseTia, rom rTulia erTmaneTs SeuTavso swavla da samsaxuri, rac damatebiT stress iwvevs axalgazrdaSi, vinaidan prioritetebis gansazRvra da arCevanis winaSe dgoma ar aris advili.“ nino datvirTuli grafikis uaryofiT mxarezec saubrobs da ambobs, rom aseTi daZabuli reJimis dros studentebi naklebad fiqroben TavianT Tavze, darRveuli aqvT Zilisa da kvebis reJimi, Tavs mudmivad daRlilad grZnoben, rac sabolood iseT fsiqologiur problemebs iwvevs, rogorebicaa: daZabuloba, SfoTva da sxva. kidev erTi seriozuli problema damsaqmeblis mier wayenebuli moTxovnebis grZeli nusxaa, romelSic xSirad arasaWiro moTxovnebsac SexvdebiT. faqtobrivad, tendenciad iqca, rom xSirad konsultantis adgilas vakansiebi umaRlesi ganaT-

lebis moTxovniTa da ucxo enebis codniT cxaddeba. arada, am poziciaze dasaqmebulma, ZiriTadad, momxmareblis kmayofilebaze da seqciebis Sevsebasa da mis sisufTaveze unda izrunos. amis fonze ki gaugebaria, ra saWiroa am saqmisTvis umaRlesi ganaTleba da minimum ori enis kargad floba? miuxedavad amisa, am barierebis garRveva mainc SesaZlebelia da amas „STARacademy“ cdilobs. is erTaderTi organizaciaa saqarTveloSi, romelic amerikis mTavrobis mier Seqmnil saerTaSoriso gacvliTi programebis sabWosTan (Council on International Educational Exchange – CIEE) TanamSromlobs da aseve kanadis yvelaze msxvil inglisurenovan sasertifikacio platformasTan „Global TESOL College.“ „STARacademy“-s proeqtebis menejeri, lali joxaZe: „Cven studentebs vTavazobT garantirebul samsaxurs da maRal anazRaurebas. Work and Travel gvaqvs aseTi programa, romlis saSualebiTac studentebs, amerikaSi, momsaxurebis sxvadasxva sferoSi dasaqmeba SeuZliaT. Cven, ra Tqma unda, maqsimalurad vuwyobT xels. gansakuTrebuli moTxovnebi ar gvaqvs, ubralod, aucilebelia, rom studenti iyos I, II an III kurseli da kargad flobdes inglisur enas.“ aRsaniSnavia, rom programa 4-Tviania da monawile am drois ganmavlobaSi yovelTviurad 1500-dan 5000 dolaramde Tanxas gamoimuSavebs.

Tina SerazadiSvili programis erT-erTi monawilea, romelic dResac pozitiurad ixsenebs im ramdenime Tves, romelic amerikaSi am programis meSveobiT gaatara. rogorc Tavad ambobs, programis Sesaxeb socialuri qselis saSualebiT gaigo. Tavidan imedi ar hqonda, Tumca, roca arCeul monawileebs Soris Tavisi saxeli da gvari amoikiTxa, mixvda rom misi cxovreba Seicvleboda. kiTxvaze Tu ra SesZina am programam, Tinas pasuxi aseTia: „ielostouni CemTvis iyo didi gamocda, romelic Cavabare. aseve, miviRe gamocdileba, romelic momavalSi aucileblad damexmareba. bevri ram gavige, viswavle da, rac mTavaria, ukeT gavicani sakuTari Tavi.”

Tinas msgavsad bevr axalgazrdas ar umarTlebs da aseTi SemTxvevebi ar aris xSiri. arsebobs kiTxvebi, romlebic ukve wlebia, rac upasuxod rCeba. erTi ram calsaxaa, rom problema seriozuli da masStaburia. am yvelafris mizezebi da gamosworebis gzebi ki yvelgan unda veZioT, sadac es Tema Segvxvdeba. problemis mogvarebaSi Tavisi wvlili aucileblad unda Seitanon damsaqmeblebma da umaRlesma saswavleblebmac. pirvelis SemTxvevaSi sasurveli iqneba, Tu gaizrdeba naxevarganakveTiani samsaxurebis ricxvi, Tumca, unda gaumjobesdes pirobebi da anazRaurebac. saswavleblebma ki unda uzrunvelyon moqnili grafikis Seqmna an kidev Tavad unda SesTavazon studentebs staJirebis an dasaqmebis programebi. SesaZloa, es yvelaferi keTdeba, Tumca, ara masobrivad, ris gamoc, praqtikulad, ar Cans. rac Seexeba Tavad studentebs, maT xmamaRla unda isaubron am problemebze. vis, Tu ara, maT yvelaze kargad esmiT arsebuli sakiTxi da ician, Tu rogor SeiZleba gamoswordes es mdgomareoba.

dea RirdalaZe

Google-is arqividan

ucxouri Zala qarTul SromiT bazarze vebaSi uwevs yofna. iranidan xelisuflebasTan dapirispirebis,

saubrobs sainvesticio politikasa da problemebze, romelebic,

Semdeg ki religiuri gansxvavebulobis gamo devnidnen, ratomac

SesaZloa, biznesis ganviTarebas Seeqmnas. aRsaniSnavia, rom igi

Camovida saqarTveloSi, magram, rogorc TviTon ambobs, aq „warsu-

ar axsenebs calsaxa diskriminacias, romelic kanonproeqtis Tan-

lis codvebis“ gamo isjeba. „fexis yovel gadadgmaze Sah-abass

mdevia.

meZaxian maSinve, rogorc ki gaigeben, rom iranidan var... ver vxvde-

gansxvavebulad afasebda sakonstitucio cvlilebas janmrTe-

bi da vibnevi, roca Cems keTilganwyobas ironiiTa da siZulviliT

lobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros Sromisa da dasaqmebis

xvdebian...“, - gviyveba rohami.

politikis departamentis ufrosis movaleobis Semsrulebeli

rohami profesiiT samrewvelo dizainis specialistia. rogorc TviTon ambobs, misi statusis mqone adamians kanonmdebloba muSaobis uflebas aZlevs, magram damsaqmebeli misgan 11-12 saaTian samuSao grafiks iTxovs, xelfasi ki 150-200 laria.

ver xedavda. „Tanabari kvalifikaciis SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifom rom izrunos adgilobriv Sromis bazarze, daasaqmos, SesTavazos meti Sesa-

rohamis msgavsad, saqarTveloSi Zalian bevri ucxo qveynis mo-

Zlebloba da Tundac daerqvas amas adilobrivi samuSao ZalisT-

qalaqe muSaobs, romelTac mizeruli anazRaurebis sanacvlod,

vis prioritetis miniWeba, Tuki damsaqmeblisTvis warmodgenili

uwevT mZime samuSaos Sesruleba. jandacvis saministros bolo

kandidatura im unarebsac akmayofilebs, rac aris vakansiis far-

kvlevebis Tanaxmad, ucxoelTa saerTo raodenoba 5578 adamians

glebSi warmodgenili, me aq saSiSroebas namdvilad ver vxedav“,

Seadgens, romelTa ZiriTadi nawili mSeneblobisa da vaWrobis

- ambobs elza jgerenaia.

sferoebSi arian dasaqmebulni. miuxedavad qveyanaSi arsebuli umuSevrobisa, Cveni emigrantebis

Google-is arqividan

elza jgerenaia, romelic sakanonmdeblo iniciativaSi problemas

sabolood, sakanonmdeblo iniciativas parlamentSi mxari dauWires da 2015 wlis 7

agvistos kanoni amoqmedda. gasaTvalis-

msgavsad, saqarTvelosac stumroben sxva qveynis moqalaqeebi, ro-

winebelia, rom masSi kanonproeqtisgan gansxvavebiT, aRar fiqsir-

melTa Camosvlis mizanic dasaqmebaa.

deboda 7-dRiani vada, romlis farglebSic, adgilobrivi kadris

ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa, kerZod ki saqarTveloSi mudmivi binad-

moZiebis

mxriv, jandacvis

saministros

administraciis

val-

aqubi poloneTidanaa, ukve mesame Tvea saqarTveloSia da misi

robis armqone pirTa Taobaze mTavrobis dadgenileba arsebobs.

debuleba ikveTeboda. TumcaRa, damsaqmebeli kvlav iZulebulia,

ZiriTadi saqmianoba saqarTvelos masStabiT mogzaurobebis or-

kanonis miRebamde, jer kidev iniciativis doneze arsebuli cvl-

SromiTi migrantis mowyobisa da

ganizebaa. gasvliT aqtivobebi poloneli mogzaurebisTvisaa, rom-

ileba imTaviTve gaxda kritikis sagani. amis safuZvels ki iZle-

lebic saqarTvelos stumroben. miznebi didi aqvs. surs, rom mas

oda masSi arsebuli erTi detali, romlis mixedviTac damsaqme-

lSekrulebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan 30 kalendaruli dRis vadaSi,

sxva qveynis moqalaqeebic SeuerTdnen da proeqti ufro masStabu-

beli valdebuli iyo jandacvis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi

saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis samin-

ri gaxados. axsovs is sirTuleebi, romlebmac samomavlo gegmebze

arsebuli administraciuli organosTvis waredgina informacia

istros saxelmwifo kontrols daqvemdebarebul ssi p - social-

erTxel uaric ki aTqmevina, Tumca qarTveli megobrebis mxardaW-

konkretuli pirovnebis kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb. administracia ki,

uri momsaxurebis saagentos gaugzavnos Setyobineba saqarTvelo-

eram problemebi daaZlevina. gamowvevebi ZiriTadad mogzaurobis

Tavis mxriv, valdebuli xdeboda 7 dRis vadaSi dasaqmebis msur-

Si kanonierad myofi imigrantis dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebiT. mas

dros transportsa da ganTavsebas exeboda, amas ki emateboda enis

velTa saxelmwifo bazaSi moeZiebina kadri. winaaRmdeg SemTxveva-

Semdeg kanoni orjer gadaixeda, Tumca 2019 wlis 13 TebervliT

barieri, romelic dResac udidesi problemaa misTvis.

Si, damsaqmebels eZleoda ufleba arsebul poziciaze daeniSna

daTariRebul dokumentSic es konkretuli detali kvlav fig-

„Zalian cota poloneli swavlobs rusuls, aseve bevr qarTvels

ucxo qveynis moqalaqe. kanonproeqts gamoexmaura „saqarTvelos

urirebs.

ar SeuZlia inglisurad saubari, es ki udides dabrkolebas qmnis.

damsaqmebelTa asociaciis“ vice-prezidenti mixeil korZaxia, rom-

ase rom, radikaluri dajgufebebisgan Seviwrovebul ucxo qvey-

miuxedavad amisa, dasaxul mizans mainc mivaRwev da Zalian bevr

lis TqmiT gasaTvaliswinebeli iyo ori detali. pirveli is, rom

nis moqalaqeebs, enis barieris garda, sakanonmdeblo SezRudvebi

polonels gavacnob im silamazes, rac saqarTveloSia“, - gveubneba

informacia miewodeboda jandacvis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi

uqmnis problemebs, rac maT dasaqmebas aferxebs. miuxedavad imisa,

iaqubi.

myof administraciul organos da ara romelime kerZo saits.

rom 2015 wlis dadgenileba samgzis gadaixeda, masSi ar ganxor-

iaqubisgan gansxvavebiT, ar gaumarTla roham abasians, romelic

meore ki exeboda uaris Tqmis safuZvels, ris gamoc damsaqmebeli

cielebula Zireuli cvlileba, rac am ukanasknels gaamartivebda.

TiTqmis 2 welia saqarTveloSi cxovrobs da ukidures gaWir-

mudmivi binadrobis armqone pirs samsaxurSi ar asaqmebda. igi

anazRaurebadi

SromiTi

saqmianobis

ganxorcielebisas, xe-

uCa papiaSvili

5

ratom ver vsaqmdebiT?

saSinao Sroma – qalis gza umuSevrobamde ri potencialis srulad gamovlenas uwyobs

maTi umetesoba qalia, kerZod 2017-18 saswav-

xels.

lo wlis dasawyisSi universiteti daasrula kulturulad

15 556 qalma da 10 682 kacma. amitom qalebis

mibmulia qalebze, aqvs ekonomikuri dana-

umuSevrobis mTavari mizezi sakmarisi ganaT-

matic. kerZod, radgan qali moiazreba pasux-

lebis arqona ver iqneba.

„saSinao

Sromas, romelic

ismgebel pirad saSinao Sromaze, kacs Seu-

ia baxtaZe CvenTan saubrisas aRniSnavs, rom

Zlia imuSaos meti saxls gareT. Tumca, dRes

xSirad stereoti pulad qalebis profesiad

vxedavT, rom qals rogorc saSinao Sromis,

aRqmul samuSao adgilebze anazRaureba im-

ise saxls gareT Sromis gawevac uwevs, rac

denad dabalia, rom qalebs aseTi dasaqmeba

qalebs drois deficitSi agdebs“, - gveubneba

ar uRirT. „bevri samsaxuri qalebs arc imdenad sax-

maia tabiZe.

arbielo xelfass sTavazobs, rom is eyos anazRaureba saSinao SromisTvis

bavSv(eb)isTvis momvlels da imdeni darCes,

saSinao Sromaze saubari pirvelad marq-

rom Rirdes samsaxurSi muSaobaze daxar-

sistma feministebma daiwyes. silvia federiCi

jul drod”, - gveubneba is.

sakuTar teqstSi „anazRaureba saSinao SromisTvis“ saojaxo saqmis qalisTvis mikuT-

sWirdebaT Tu ara qalebs

vnebas kapitalizms ukavSirebs da ambobs, rom

ekonomikuri gaZliereba?

saojaxo saqmis qalebisTvis gadacemam mamak-

2017

wlis kvlevaSi “qalTa ekonomikuri

acebis samuSao Zalad gamoyeneba gacilebiT

gaZliereba saqarTveloSi“ aRniSnulia, rom

gaamartiva.

2006 wlidan 2016 wlamde sakvlev periodSi

„saSinao Sroma unda qceuliyo bunebriv

saxelmwifos ar ganuxorcielebia proeqti,

maxasiaTeblad, imitom, rom kapitalis geg-

sadac gacxadebuli mizani qalTa ekonomi-

mis safuZvelSive am Sromas anazRaureba ar

kuri gaZliereba iqneboda. Tumca, Sesabamis

ewera. kapitals unda daverwmunebineT, rom

saministroebis

es aris bunebrivi, gardauvali da damakmay-

ori saagentos mier ganxorcielebul pro-

ofilebeli

CvenTvis

eqtebSi, qalTa CarTulobis gazrda da ekono-

aunazRaurebeli samuSao misaRebi gamxdari-

mikuri aqtivoba prioritetuli iyo. kerZod

yo. samagierod, saSinao Sromis aunazRaure-

eseni iyo „awarmoe saqarTveloSi“ da koop-

bloba gaxda yvelaze Zlieri iaraRi im Cveu-

erativebis ganviTarebis programa.

saqmianobac

ki, raTa

daqvemdebarebaSi

Semavali

li Sexedulebis gasamyareblad, rom saSinao

am kvlevis avtori qristine margvelaSvi-

Sroma ar aris Sroma, rac xels uSlis qa-

li CvenTan saubrisas qalTa ekonomikuri

lebs, ibrZolon mis winaaRmdeg“, - vkiTxu-

gaZlierebis Seferxebis mizezebs asaxelebs.

lobT federiCis teqstSi.

„yvelaze didi problema, rac qalebs saqa-

mniSvnelovania, rom saSinao Sromis anaz-

rTveloSi ekonomikuri gaZlierebis gzaze

mari, 33 wlis: ,,universitetSi istoriasa da

la, dalageba, recxva, sadilis momzadeba da

Raurebas federiCi sagnobrivad ar uyurebs.

eRobebaT aris finansur resursebze xelmi-

arqeologias vswavlobdi, bakalavriati ro-

bavSvis mecadineoba is saqmianobebia, romlis

misi TqmiT, saSinao Sromis anazRaureba konk-

sawvdomobis nakleboba. aucileblad unda

gorc ki davamTavre, maleve davojaxdi. ro-

Sesrulebac

yoveldRiurad

retul Tanxamde dayvanam SesaZloa mas poli-

aRiniSnos, rom

gorc xdeba xolme, jer erTi Svili meyola,

uwevT. es ki fizikurad ar utovebs maT imis

tikuri brZolis perspeqtiva daukargos. am-

mocemuloba qalebs agentobis (agency) ga-

maleve meore, Semdeg mesamec. axla 3 Svils

dros, rom dasaqmdnen da sakuTari Semosava-

ave mosazrebas iziarebs genderis mkvlevari

reSe tovebs, isini sakuTar cxovrebas da fi-

vzrdi, bavSvebis gazrdaSi damxmarec ar myav-

li hqondeT.

maia tabiZec. CvenTan saubrisas is aRniSnavs,

nansebs ver warmarTaven da metwilad finans-

diasaxlisebs

qveynis

socio-kulturuli

da, muSaobis dawyeba da Cems profesiaSi gan-

gaeros qalTa organizaciis 2018 wlis kv-

rom saSinao Sromis Tanxobrivi anazRaure-

urad mamakacze arian damokidebuli, ramac

viTareba ver movaxerxe. meuRle datvirTu-

levis mixedviT, produqtiuli asakis yoveli

ba veranairad moxdeba da is saxelmwifosgan

ekonomikuri Zaladobis saTavaeebTan SeiZle-

li grafikiT muSaobs da saojaxo saqmes ver

meoTxe qali sakuTar Tavs miiCnevs diasax-

sxva qmedebebSi unda gamoixatos.

ba migviyvanos“, - aRniSna mkvlevarma.

vunawileb.”

lisad, maSin, roca mxolod ramdenime kaci

„qalebisTvis mdgomareobis Semsubuqe-

ambobs imaves sakuTar Tavze. garda amisa, qa-

ba aris is gza, romliTac saxelmwifom

nino, 29

wlis:

,,sanam

davqorwindebodi,

qristine margvelaSvili am kuTxiT saxelmwifo politikis xarvezebzec gvesaubreba.

samarTalm-

lebis 40% aRniSnavs, rom isini ar muSaoben

maTi Sin gaweuli Sroma da bavSvis

„qalTa ekonomikuri gaZlierebis politika

codneobis fakulteti davamTavre, vmuSaobdi

„piradi da ojaxuri mizezebis“ gamo, xuTidan

movlaSi daxarjuli dro unda aanaz-

saerTod ar arsebobs. qveynis mTavari strate-

rogorc uzenaes sasamarTloSi, ise sabanko

erTi qali, romelic ambobs, rom ar muSaobs,

Rauros.

garkveuli

giuli ekonomikuri dokumenti ar moiazrebs

seqtorSi. 2014 wlidan, roca davojaxdi da

aRniSnavs, rom maTi meuRleebis survilia,

sikeTeebi ufasod, magaliTad, gaxangr-

gedenruli disbalansis xarjze gamowveul

davfexmZimdi, aRar mimuSavia. jer fexmZimo-

isini saxlSi darCnen. SedarebisTvis, kace-

Zlivebuli ufaso baRebi, romlebic mis-

ekonomikur zarals da konkretul gzebs ar

bis gamo ar avyavdi samsaxurSi, Semdeg patara

bis SemTxvevaSi igive survili aqvs ormoc-

cems qals SesaZleblobas, dasaqmdes da

gvTavazobs qalebis ekonomikuri aqtiurobis

bavSvis gamo. dRemde gavdivar profesiul

daaTidan erTs.

ar iyos samsaxuridan gamosaqcevi bavS-

gasazrdelad. soflis meurneobis sferoSi

vis baRidan gamosayvanad. aseve, saxelm-

arsebuli proeqtebi srulad ugulvelyofen

vmuSaobdi

ramdenime

adgilze.

testirebebs, vabareb IQ tests, Tumca roca re-

man

unda

gasces

komendatoramde midis saqme, mand mTavrdeba

saSinao Sroma - kulturuli Tu

wifom unda gamarTos dekretuli Sve-

qalTa ekonomikuri gaZlierebis saWiroebas,

Cemi gasaubrebac. ukve 5 weli xdeba, rac obi

ekonomikuri faqtori?

bulebis xarvezebi da qalisTvis Sroma

arc Sesabamisi statistika arsebobs“, - aRniS-

moekida Cems di ploms da samzareuloSi tri-

saSinao Sromis genderul danawilebas xSi-

gaamartivos“, - aRniSnavs maia tabiZe.

navs margvelaSvili.

aliT Semovifarglebi.

rad kulturul konteqsts miaweren. patri-

iyo SemTxvevebi, roca qalis mier saxlSi

qalTa ekonomikuri gaZlierebis politikis

viyavi,

arqaluri sazogadoebisTvis qalis mier sao-

Sesrulebuli Sromis Tanxobrivad daTvla

Sesaxeb saqarTvelos okupirebuli terito-

roca Cemi momavali meuRle Semiyvarda da

jaxo saqmis Sesruleba normaa da aRiqmeba,

scades. Tu qali daiqiravebs mzareuls, ZiZas

riebidan devnilTa, Sromis, janmrTelobisa

colad gavyevi. maleve pirveli Svili gava-

rogorc istoriuli mocemuloba.

da damlagebels, mas es TveSi saSualod 2000

da socialuri dacvis saministros Sromisa

lari daujdeba.

da dasaqmebis politikis departaments kiTx-

naTia, 27

wlis:

,,pirvel

kursze

Cine, am dros estoneTSi gamiSves treningze

„feministebis damoukidebeli jgufis“ wev-

da rom davbrundi, daviwye muSaoba social-

ri ia baxtaZe miiCnevs, rom is stereoti pebi,

ur muSakad. am samsaxuriT Zalian bednieri

romlebic

viyavi, Tumca ojaxSi mudmivma problemebma

qalebis cnobierebazec axdens gavlenas da

saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli sam-

marTalia, sakuTriv saqarTvelos ekonomik-

maiZula, Tavi damenebebina. ukve 3 Svili mya-

aZlierebs aRqmas, rom saojaxo saqmis Ses-

saxuris monacemebiT, 2019 wlis pirvel kvar-

ac araa Zlieri, Tumca es qalebis ekonomiku-

vda, roca kvlav movindome muSaobis dawye-

ruleba qalis movaleobaa.

talSi ekonomikurad aqtiuria qalebis 55,5%,

ri gaZlierebis saWiroebas ar gamoricxavs.

sazogadoebaSia

vebiT mivmarTeT, Tumca pasuxi am dromde ar

damkvidrebuli,

umuSevroba qalebSi

migviRia.

ba, Tumca qmris ojaxis wevrebidan wamovida

„bevr ojaxSi gogonebs ekisrebaT e.w. sao-

xolo kacebSi es maCvenebeli 73,5%-ia. rac

umuSevroba rom mTlianad saqarTvelos mo-

damokidebuleba, rom, Turme, 3 Svilis deda

jaxo saqmeebis keTeba, rodesac bavSvobidan

Seexeba umuSevrobis dones, is kacebSi ufro

saxleobis gadauWreli problemaa, arc es

da muSaoba rogor SeiZleba. Semdeg daviw-

swored es mosazreba gesmis yvela mxridan,

maRalia, kerZod, kacebSi umuSevroba 14,6%-

gamoricxavs im faqts, rom qalebs dasaqme-

ye bavSvebis momzadeba inglisurSi, amasac

es Zalian did gavlenas axdens Sens mso-

ia, qalebSi ki 10,7%. Tumca, yuradsaRebia qa-

bis gzaze damatebiT uamravi dabrkoleba eR-

uaryofiTi damokidebuleba mohyva, Cemi qmari

flmxedvelobaze zogadad da am SemTxvevaSi

lebis ekonomikuri aqtivobis dabali donis

obebaT. erTia, rom moxdes saSinao Sromis

meubneboda, rom tyuilad viRlidi Tavs da am

konkretulad imaze, Tu ras miiCnev cxovreba-

mizezebi. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnu-

Tanabrad gadanawileba ojaxSi qalsa da

fulis mocema TviTonac SeeZlo. axla Cemi

Si prioritedad an Tundac mosaxdel valad

li samsaxuris 2018 wlis genderuli statis-

kacs Soris, Tumca, meorea is, Tu ras akeTebs

yoveli dRe bavSvebis baRsa da skolaSi gac-

ojaxis Tu sazogadoebis mimarT. SesaZloa,

tikis mixedviT, (qali da kaci saqarTveloSi,

saxelmwifo.

ilebiT, saxlis dalagebiT, sadilis momza-

garkveuli nawili saxlis samuSaos da ojax-

2018) ekonomikurad araaqtiuri qalebis 18%

buleba, saxelmwifo baRebis problemebi da

debiTa da bavSvebis mecadineobiT Semoifar-

is wevrebze zrunvas miiCnevdes ara imdenad

diasaxlisobis gamoa, imave mizeziT araaqtiu-

saxelfaso sxvaoba sqesTa Soris kidev ufro

gleba.”

sadme samsaxurSi gasvlaze ukeTes alterna-

ri kacebis mxolod 8%-ia.

amZimebs samuSao bazris gareT darCenili qa-

tivad, aramed mis, rogorc qalis “satarebel msgavs

istoriebs

SevxvdebiT.

yovel

fexis

qalebi, romlebsac

nabijze

jvars“, - aRniSna baxtaZem CvenTan saubrisas.

dekretuli

Sve-

lebis mdgomareobas, rac sabolood ekonomisaqstatis monacemebSi umuSevrobisa da ganaTlebis

urTierTkavSiri

statistikurad

miRebuli

genderis mkvlevar maia tabiZis TqmiT ki,

aqvT Sesabamisi ganaTleba, xSirad ver saqm-

kulturul aspeqts ekonomikuri faqtoric

asaxuli araa, Tumca Tu umaRlesi sagan-

debian imis gamo, rom saSinao Sroma TiTqmis

unda davumatoT, radgan saSinao Sromis qa-

manaTleblo

mTlianad maTi Sesasrulebelia. bavSvis mov-

lis mier Sesruleba mamakacebis ekonomiku-

bulTa sqesobriv ganawilebas gadavxedavT,

6

gaumarTavi

dawesebulebis

kurad asustebs da saSinao sivrces ajaWvebs maT.

mariam talaxaZe

kursdamTavre-

marika kandelaki

ratom ver vsaqmdebiT? iu

rv te

in

SSm pirebi umuSevrobis winaSe – interviu aqtivist esma gumberiZesTan

imis miuxedavad, rom saxelmwifos SezRuduli

sadac sWirdebodaT ucxo enebis mcodne TanamS-

xelSewyo-

romeli. droebiTi vakansia iyo. gavugzavne CV,

bisTvis mravali programa aqvs, am mimarTulebiT

samotivacio werili da ar mivuTiTe, rom viyavi

garkveuli gamowvevebi mainc rCeba. 2018 wlis mo-

usinaTlo. rodesac damirekes da miTxres, rom

nacemebiT, 6073 samuSaos maZiebeli SSm piridan

inglisuris testi meqneboda dasaweri, am dros

mxolod 99 dasaqmda. SezRuduli SesaZleblo-

vuTxari, Tu ra formiT SemeZlo testis dawera.

bis mqone pirebis nawili, erTi mxriv, programebs

miTxres, rom

araefeqturad afasebs, meore mxriv ki damsaqmeb-

da ar damikavSirdnen. es saqme Semdeg saxalxo

lis arasaTanado damokidebulebasa da garemos

damcvelis aparatSi Sevitane

araadaptirebaze saubrobs. dasaqmebis ZiriTad

departamentma diskriminaciis faqti ver daad-

problemebze, procesSi dakargul motivaciasa

gina.

SesaZleblobis

pirebis

dasaqmebis

aSkaraa,

da gamowvevebTan gamklavebis SesaZlo gzebze

mogvianebiT

damikavSirdebodnen da Tanasworobis

rom damsaqmebelma maSin gonivrul

misadagebaze miTxra uari. gonivruli misadage-

SSm pirTa aqtivisti, esma gumberiZe gvesaubra.

ba samsaxurSi saqmianobis iseT gadanawilebas - miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifo konkret-

gulisxmobs, romelic SSm pirisTvis maqsimal-

uli programebiT cdilobs, SSm pirebs dasaqme-

urad adaptirebuli iqneba. magaliTisTvis, dam-

bis procesi gauadvilos, ra aris is ZiriTadi

saqmebels hyavs 10 dasaqmebuli, romelic erT-

faqtori, romelic am mimarTulebiT progress

droulad pasuxobs zarebs, meilebs, axarisxebs

abrkolebs?

dokumentacias. Tu maTSi romelime usinaTloa,

- mTavari problema mainc isaa, rom saxelwifos

damsaqmebels SeuZlia, is ufro metad zarebiTa

mxridan erTiani xedva ar arsebobs da programe-

da meilebiT datvirTos. kerZo seqtoris dam-

bi erTgvarad fragmentulia. wels ramdenime aTasi adamianidan mxolod mcire nawili dasaqm-

saqmeblebs ufleba aqvT, uari Tqvan reorgani-

aZleblobebze?

gamodis, rom adamianma icis Teoria da icis, Tu

da. mxardaWeris programis farglebSi usinaT-

rogor Cautaros leqcia students ofismeneje-

loebi ar dasaqmebulan. arian jgufebi, romel-

robaze, Tumca praqtikul unarebs ver iTvisebs.

zaciaze, rac, kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, diskrim-

- pirvelyovlisa, aq problemaa dabali cnobi-

inaciad

ar

iTvleba.

sanam

kanonmdeblobaSi

ereba rogorc damsaqmeblebis, ise dasaqmebuli

cvlileba ar Seva da gonivrul misadagebaze

SemTxveva-

pirebis mxridan. erT-erT gadacemaSi erT SSm

uari diskriminaciad ar iqneba miCneuli, sayov-

usinaTloebs

Si Sewyvetil socialur Semweobazec. rogor

pirs vkiTxe, Tu ucdia, rom reziume vakansiaze

elTao Tu ara, masobriv dasaqmebasTanac ver

sxvadasxva damatebiTi saWiroeba aqvT. magaliT-

fiqrobT, ramdenad problemuria SSm pirisTvis

Seetana. man miTxra, rom ar Seutania, radgan

gveqneba saqme.

ad, sWirdebaT informaciis miRebis misawvdomi

socialuri daxmarebis Sewyveta?

vakansiebi SSm pirebisTvis ar aris. SeiZleba ar

- rogor fiqrobT, ra nabijebi unda gadaidgas

saSualebebi. rodesac usinaTlo samuSao adgi-

- sajaro samsaxurSi meore jgufis, anu mniS-

eweros, rom vakansia SSm pirebisTvisaa, Tumca

imisTvis, rom meti SSm piri dasaqmdes TavisTvis

las midis, imisTvis, rom konkretuli informacia

vnelovnad gamoxatuli SSm pirebs socialur

mainc unda Seivsos aplikacia, radgan movaleo-

komfortul garemoSi?

waikiTxos an Tavisi saqme Seasrulos, misawvdomi

Semweobas ar uxdian. es socpaketi niSnavs, rom

bebis SesrulebaSi xelisSemSleli SezRudulma

- aucilebelia saxelmwifo xelSewyoba- swori

internetresursebi, literatura da damxmare sa-

me, rogorc SSm pirs, maqvs damatebiTi xarji

SesaZlebloba, SesaZloa, ar iyos. damsaqmebelma

swavleba, reabilitacia, SSm pirebisTvis saWiro

Sualebebi sWirdeba. es yvelaferi Cvens qveyanaSi

da amis kompensacias cdilobs saxelmwifo. me

ki es unda dainaxos.

damxmare saSualebebis miwodeba. saWiroa konk-

ar aris da amis ganviTarebaze aravin fiqrobs.

roca maqvs xelfasi 300 lari, rogorc yvela

Worknet.gov.ge-ze daregistrirebuli var, magram

retuli Tanxebi moxmardes garemos adaptirebas.

danarCens, Cemi cxovreba danarCenebis cxovreba-

konsultanti rom damkavSirebodes da eTqvas Ce-

amaves ambobs „konstituciis 42-e muxli” kvleva-

ze ufro Zviria. imis gamo, rom ver davdivar

mTvis, vakansiaa da Seavseo, aseTi ram ar maxsovs.

Si

Ta mimarTac programebi Zalian araefeqturia. dasaqmeba

ver

xerxdeba, radgan

- xom ar fiqrobT, rom problema SSm pirebis gadamzadebis programaSic unda veZeboT?

-

xSirad

saubroben

dasaqmebis

subsidirebis nacvlad, romelsac pirveli

- profesiuli gadamzadebis programis real-

sazogadoebrivi transportiT, davdivar taqsiT.

cotani arian konsultantebi. wnorSi SevxvdiT

3-4 Tvis ganmavlobaSi uxdian SSm dasaqmebul

uri problema esaa: rodesac midixar kolejSi,

SSm piri fiqrobs, ufro martivi xom araa saxl-

SSm pirTa adgilobrivi organizaciebis warmo-

pirs, ukeTesia fuli saxelmwifom damsaqmebels

isini gawvdian audiosaxelmZRvanelos, romelsac

Si viyo, vidre dabal xelfasze sadme vimuSavoo.

madgenlebs da rom vkiTxeT, ician Tu ara pro-

garemos adaptirebaSi gamoayenebinos.

mousmen da gaecnobi Teoriul masalas, Tu rogor

gareT gamosvla misTvis ufro Zviri Rirs, vidre

gramebis Sinaarsi, aRmoCnda, rom maTi arsebobis

iyo, magaliTad, kargi ofismenejeri. Tumca, vTqvaT,

saxlSi darCena. swored amitomaa SSm pirisTvis

Sesaxebac ki aravin icoda.

usinaTlo adamians sxva unarebi sWirdeba. sWir-

aseve, saubaria kvotirebazec. msxvil sawarmoebs ucxoeTSi aqvT valdebuleba, rom daas-

socialuri Semweobis miReba aucilebeli, raTa

- damsaqmebeli axseneT. gqoniaT Tu ara SemTx-

deba iswavlos, Tu rogor unda gadaadgildes

damatebiTi xarjebi dafaros da anazRaurebac

veva, roca damsaqmebeli arasaTanadod moqceula

mZime normaa, Tumca romeli kompaniac daasaqmebs,

damoukideblad Senobis SigniT, rogor moimza-

darCes.

da ra viTarebaa, zogadad, damsaqmeblis pasux-

imas sagadasaxado SeRavaTi dauweson.

dos yava, rogor gamoiyenos „eqselis” programa.

-

ramdenad

axdens

SSm

pirebis

dasaqmebis

aqmon SSm pirebi. an, SeiZleba piriqiT iyos -

ismgeblobis kuTxiT qveyanaSi?

aseT raRacebs SezRudul SesaZleblobasTan da-

mcire maCvenebelze gavlenas cnobierebis daba-

- 2015 wels evropis ganviTarebisa da rekon-

kavSirebuli specifikis mixedviT ar aswavlian.

li done da arainformirebuloba sakuTar Ses-

struqciis bankis konferencia iyo TbilisSi,

ekaterine janiaSvili esma gumberiZe/ facebook

gv W i r d eb a T u a r a m i n i m a l u ri x e l f a si?

ramdenime Tvis win socialur qselebSi daiwyo kampania #ar-

jinis

indeqsi

xelfasebs

amonobas. am ,,heSTegiT” gaerTianebuli dasaqmebulebi sakuTar

deqsi 0-is tolia, Tu

uaryofiT

roca

gamocdilebaze

hyvebian.

maT

Seqmnes

sainiciativo

uTanabroba

maqsimaluria.

jgufi, romelmac saqarTvelos parlaments mimarTa weriliT da

ri, zomieri

Sromis kodeqsSi cvlilebebi moiTxova. umTavresi cvlileba min-

lemas, is

daaxloebiT

imalur xelfass ukavSirdeba, romelic sainiciativo jgufis Tx-

saxelfaso

fondis

ovniT, saaTSi 5,5 lari unda iyos.

Soris

xelfasi

uTanabrobas

zomavs.

in-

uTanabroba ar arsebobs, xolo 1-ia, beqauris

ekonomikisTvis 300

4,5%-ia

lari da

ar

unda

ar

azriT, minimaluwarmoadgens

Tumca misi 300 larze zemoT aweva gamoiwvevs garkveul ekonomikur problemebs.

prob-

evropis TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi arsebobs minimaluri xelfasi.

qveynis

yvela qveyanas misi sakuTari struqtura gaaCnia. germaniaSi Tvi-

garTulebebs.

uri minimaluri xelfasi daaxloebiT 1550 evroa - am magaliTs

iyos, rac

gamoiwvevs

gonivruli iqneba saxelfaso minimumic daaxloebiT amdeni iyos,

mas kategoriulad ar eTanxmeba politikuri gaerTianeba ,,gir-

xSirad gaigonebT minimaluri xelfasis momxreebisgan. Tumca, maT

minimaluri saxelfaso zRvari yovelTvis iwvevs azrTa sxva-

Cis“ lideri, vaxtang megreliSvili. misi azriT, minimaluri xelfa-

xSirad aviwydebaT, rom germianiis mTliani Sida produqti erT

dasxvaobas. is pirvelad eduard SevardnaZem daamtkica 20 lar-

sis dawesebis SemTxvevaSi, is adamianebi, vinc Tanaxmani arian, rom

sulze daaxloebiT 45000 dolars utoldeba, xolo saqarTvelosi

is odenobiT, mas Semdeg Sromis kodeqssa da samTavrobo dadge-

zRvris qvemoT arsebul xelfasze imuSavon, dakargaven samsax-

11-jer naklebs, 4000$-s.

nilebebSi cvlileba ar Sesula. memarcxeneTa azriT, minimaluri

urs an momxmareblebs mouwevT mis servisSi ufro metis gadaxda.

erTi wuTiT warmovidginoT, rom germaniis ekonomika zustad

xelfasi aucilebelia saxelfaso uTanasworobis aRmosafxvre-

,,pirveladi efeqti umuSevroba ar aris,adamianebs ki ar uSveben sam-

saqarTvelos ekonomikis tolia, ra iqneboda minimaluri xelfa-

lad, xolo memarjveneebis TqmiT, minimaluri saxelfaso zRvari

saxurebidan, aramed garkveuli drois Semdeg ubralod aRar ahyavT

si? daviTvaloT martivi gantolebiT. germaniis mTliani Sida

uaryofiTad aisaxeba rogorc ekonomikaze, ise damsaqmebelsa da

axali kadrebi,rac Semdeg qmnis umuSevrobas“,- ambobs megreliSvili.

produqti Sefardebuli minimalur anazRaurebasTan (1550-Tan)

dasaqmebuls Soris urTierTobebze. cxadia, sakiTxi wmindad or-

saSua-

udris 29-s. igive Sedegi rom miviRoT, Cveni qveynis mTliani Sida

saxovani ar aris, magram es is ZiriTadi dapirispirebuli mxaree-

lo bizness, rac Cvens ekonomikas, faqtobrivad, gaaCerebs. man

produqti erT sul (4000) unda SevafardoT 135-Tan. gamodis, rom

bia, romlebic SeTanxmebas ideologiur konteqstSi ver axerxeben.

amis

isaubra.

germanias Cvenxela ekonomika rom hqondes, minimaluri saSualo

sainteresoa, ra gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos ekonomikaze am

imave riskebs xedavs ekonomisti vaxtang Waraia. is gveubneba, rom

xelfasi daaxloebiT 135$ iqneboda. konteqstidan amovardnili

cvlilebam da realuria Tu ara riskebi, romlebsac minimaluri

saxelfaso minimumma SesaZloa problema Seuqmnas dasaqmebis im

iqneba, Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT im gadasaxadebs, romlebiTac

xelfasis mowinaaRmdegeebi asaxeleben.

seqtorebs, romlebSic masobrivad arian dasaqmebuli zRvris qve-

germania gaberil biurokratias inaxavs. saSemosavlo gadasaxa-

profkavSirebis axalgazrduli moZraobis poziciiT, minimal-

moT myofi adamianebi. aseT SemTxvevebSi damsaqmebels meti xarjis

di 47,5%-ia, amitom 135% dolaridan misi CamoWris Semdeg, xelze

uri xelfasis daweseba aucilebelia, radgan qveyanaSi umuSev-

gaReba mouwevs,ramac SeiZleba gavlena iqonios axali samuSao adg-

asaRebad 70 dolari, anu dRevandeli kursiT 203 laria. aqedan

robis paralelurad aris didi uTanasworoba SemosavlebSi.

ilebsa da fasebze. rac Seeexa msxvil bizness, misTvis minimaluri

gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania, rom minimaluri xelfasis gansaz-

,,dasaqmebulebis zeda decili (86 aTasi adamiani) iRebs mTliani

xelfasi did problemas ar Seqmnis. kiTxvaze, ekonomikis swrafi

Rvrisas gaviTvaliswinoT ekonomikis moculoba da misi zrdis

xelfasis fondis 40%-s, anu saSualod maTi yovelTviuri xe-

zrda aRmofxvrida Tu ara saxelfaso uTanasworobas, gvpasuxobs:

tempi.

lfasi aris 4 457

misive

TqmiT,

Sesaxeb

es

Zalian

,,iberiaze“

daazaralebs gadacemaSi

mcire

da

,,bizneskodi“

lari maSin, roca 25 000 adamianis xelfa-

,,ekonomikis zrda pirdapir ar aisaxeba sazogadoebis karg cxovre-

si 100 larze naklebia. jinis koeficienti saqarTveloSi 0,4-ia,

baze,Tumca iribad - ki. Cven unda gvqondes ekonomikis iseTi struqtura,

riTac evropaSi ruseTis Semdeg yvelaze uTanasworo qveyana

rogoric mosaxleobas miscems Semosavlebis miRebis saSualebas“.

varT“, - gveubneba profkavSirebis warmomadgeneli, giga beqauri.

misive TqmiT, radgan saqarTveloSi saarsebo minimumi 190 laria,

gamosavali unda veZeboT ara evropuli kanonmdeblobis

kopirebaSi, aramed ekonomikis swraf zrdasa da ganviTarebaSi.

akaki alagardaSvili

7

saxelmwifo da dasaqmeba Ji

o

a rt

rep

„erTad SevqmnaT Cveni momavali“ – mokle gza dasaqmebisken

qalaqi Tbilisi. respublikis moedani.

15 ivnisi. dilis 12 saaTidan yofili „vardebis moedanze“ xalxmravlobaa.

ZiriTadad, axalgazrdebi Warboben, amis mizezi ki isaa, rom dRes aq profesiuli ganaTlebis qarTul-germanuli dReebi gaixsna. RonisZieba saqarTvelosa da germanias Soris xangrZliv da nayofier TanamSromlobas eZRvneba saqarTveloSi profesiuli ganaTlebis modernizebaSi. qarTvel da ucxoel eqspertebTan, mewarmeebTan, biznesisa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebTan, studentebTan da mSoblebTan erTad, damswreebs SesaZlebloba aqvT, uSualod naxon, ramdenad mravalferovani SeiZleba iyos profesiuli ganaTleba. aTobiT Tematuri seqcia da sainformacio zona Tu daxli, romelSic TvalsaCinodaa naCvenebi araerTi profesia biznesis, samSeneblo samuSaoebis, teqnologiebis, turizmisa Tu soflis meurneobis mimarTulebiT, gamwvaneba, wignis kuTxe, dargobrivi asociaciebisa da kerZo seqtoris warmomadgenelTa mier mowyobili kuTxeebi stumrebis didi mowonebiTa da interesiT sargeblobs. rogorc ukve vaxsene, „respublikis moedanze“ Sekrebil damTvalierebelTa umetesoba studentia, amitomac xalxmravloba gansakuTrebiT dasaqmebis zonasTan SeiniSneba. am seqciaSi mosul nebismier stumars detalurad acnoben dualuri profesiuli ganaTlebis mniSvnelobas, romelic umoklesi gzaa dasaqmebisken da awvdian informacias saganmanaTleblo programebis upiratesobebis Sesaxeb.

ra aris dualuri profesiuli ganaTleba? - es aris samuSaoze dafuZnebuli swavlebis erT-erTi forma, romelic studentebisTvis gansakuTrebul SesaZleblobas qmnis. swavla mimdinareobs Teoriulad kolejsa da kerZo kompaniaSi, rac students exmareba Teoriuli codnis miRebasTan erTad SeiZinos gamocdileba, saWiro praqtikuli unarebi realur samuSao garemoSi da daeuflos sasurvel profesias. ekonomikurad ganviTarebuli qveynebis did nawilSi profesiuli ganaTleba prioritetuli da moTxovnadia. amasTan erTad, maRalanazRaurebadic. saqarTveloSi profesiuli saswavleblebi popularobiT ar sargeblobs. maTTvis, visac profesiis daufleba surda, mTavar dabrkolebas profesiuli saswavleblis di plomi warmoadgenda, romelsac rig SemTxvevebSi, damsaqmeblisTvis skolis damamTavrebel di plomze dabali Se-

8

leblo dawesebulebaa saqarTveloSi, romelic swavlis msurvel pirebs 5 mimarTulebiT 37 profesiul saganmanaTleblo programas sTavazobs. rogorc kolejis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis menejeri, Tamar berZeniSvili gveubneba, kolejs urTierTTanamSromlobis memorandumi 350-ze met saxelmwifo da kerZo kompaniasTan aqvs gaformebuli, sadac studentebi saswavlo da sawarmoo praqtikas gadian da warmatebuli kursdamTavrebulebi saqmdebian. ,,kulinariis xelovneba, meminanqre, konditeri, filamwyobi, eleqtrooba, Teqis ostati es im dualuri programebis nawilia, romlebic Cvens kolejSi iswavleba, amitom am mimarTulebebze swavlis nebismier msurvels velodebiT siamovnebiT“, - ambobs Tamari.

faseba hqonda. am xarvezis aRmosafxvrelad, ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, kulturisa da sportis saministrom gadawyvita profesiuli saswavleblis di plomi mniSvnelobiT skolis atestats gauTanabros. ufro konkretulad, skolis sabazo ganaTlebis mqone pirebs, atestatis asaRebad, skolis gamocdebis eqsternad Cabareba aRar mouwevT da sruli zogadi ganaTlebis mqone pirebis msgavsad, umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi swavlis gagrZelebis ufleba eqnebaT. amasTan, saministros proeqtis Tanaxmad, profesiuli ganaTlebis mimarTulebiT, zrdasrulebisTvis specialuri kursebi SemuSavda. kiTxvaze Tu ratom aris mniSvnelovani qveyanaSi profesiuli ganaTleba prioritetuli gaxdes, germaniis saelCos erT-erTi warmomadgeneli gvpasuxobs: „germaniaSi profesiul ganaTlebas saukunovani tradicia aqvs. is aris Cveni Tanamedrove ekonomikis warmatebis recepti. ramdenadac CemTvis cnobilia, saqarTveloSi profesiul ganaTlebas skeptikurad uyureben. miaCniaT, rom msgavsi programebi ver aZlevT im unarebs, rac sWirdebaT. qarTveli axalgazrdebis mxolod 2% irCevs profesiul ganaTlebas, Tumca qveyanas meti sWirdeba.

Cven gvsurs, saqarTvelos germaniis profesiuli ganaTlebis saidumlo gavuziaroT’’, - ambobs is. dro nel-nela gadis, „respublikis moedanze“ xalxis raodenobac imatebs da kidev ufro gansakuTrebuli interesi profesiuli kolejebis mier warmodgenili stendebi iqcevs. giorgi maRlakeliZe saTavgadasavlo turizmis skolis warmomadgenelia. misi TqmiT skola amzadebs saTavgadasavlo turizmis specialistebs, kerZod, safexmavlo, alpur da saTxilamuro gamyolebs, aseve, sasimaRlo samuSaoebis specialistebs. skola 3 wlis daarsebulia da ukve 200mde specialisti hyavT momzadebuli. aqvea praqtikuli akademiis stendic,

romelic msurvelebs ramdenimeTviani kursebis gavlas sTavazobs sxvadasxva sferoSi, ris Semdegac maT SesaZlebloba eZlevaT, akademiis partnior organizaciebSi dasaqmdnen. ana SoTniaSvili, praqtikuli akademiis warmomadgeneli: ,,Teoriuli codnis miRebis Semdeg, Cveni studentebi praqtikas gadian partnior organizaciebSi, rogoricaa: gamomcemloba ,,palitra L”, maRaziaTa qseli ,,biblusi” da sxva. ZiriTadi daintereseba modis grafikuli dizainis, multimedia Jurnalistikisa da HR menejmentis mimarTulebiT“, - gveubneba ana. studentebis garda damTvaliereblebs Soris arian patara bavSvebic, romelTa dainteresebac sazogadoebrivi kolejis „mermisi“ zonam gamoiwvia. rogorc Cans, daxlebze gamotanilma TvalsaCinoebebma patarebze didi STabeWdileba moaxdina, Tumca sakuTari SesaZleblobebis praqtikulad mosinjva maT ver SeZles. koleji „mermisi“ erT-erTi yvelaze moTxovnadi profesiuli saganmanaT-

ramdenad SeiZleba am yvelafris ganzogadeba ar vici, vgulisxmob dasaqmebis perspeqtivas, miTumetes im fonze, rodesac qveyanaSi umuSevrobis maCvenebeli sakmaod maRalia, Tumca faqti is aris, rom sxvadasxva dawesebulebebi aqtiurad cdiloben xma miawvdinon axalgazrdebs, Tavis mxriv, studentebs axsovT skolis maswavleblebis fraza: ,,Tu swavla ar ginda, wadi profesiul saswavlebelSi, ratom makargvineb dros?!“ - cxadia, es bavSvebis TvalsawierSi profesiuli ganaTlebis mniSvnelobas akninebs da specialobis arCevisas isini ufro popularul profesiebs irCeven. amasobaSi nel-nela mosaRamovda da moedanze mowyobili scenidan musikis xma gaisma da Sekrebilebmac scenisken gadainacvles. profesiuli ganaTlebis qarTul-germanuli dReebi saqarTvelos ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, kulturisa da sportis saministros organizebiT, germaniis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis federaluri saministrosa da germaniis federaluri respublikis saelCos CarTulobiT tardeba, is ordRiania da dainteresebul pirebs kvlav eqnebaT SesaZlebloba gaecnon maTTvis saintereso informacias.

dea RirdalaZe dea RirdalaZe

saxelmwifo da dasaqmeba

2012

wels

xelisuflebaSi

mosuli

,,qarTuli

zeviT

moqalaqeebis

gadamzadebas

int

amisTvis ki

mdgomareobis

lars ixdis. garda amisa, Cven gvaqvs staJirebis

iyo.

maSin

partiis

saxelmwifo TiToeul moqalaqeze 1000

liderebi gvpirdebodnen, rom Zalian male qveyanaSi

programac, damsaqmebels

,,kargi“

SemTxvevSi

da

,,saukeTeso“

weli

dadgeboda, roca

profesiuli saswavleblebis roli umuSevrobis problemis daZlevaSi - interviu Tamaz

gulisxmobs.

ocnebis“ mTavari dapireba mosaxleobis socialuri gaumjobeseba

iu

erv

rogori politika aqvs mTavrobas umuSevrobis aRmofxvris gzaze?

SeuZlia

nebismieri

gancxadebiT

1

baxtaZesTan

vakansiis

mogvmarTos

da

profesiuli saganmanaTleblo programe-

Cven mas 3 adamians gavugzavniT, romelTaganac erTi aucileblad unda daasaqmos. es aris ufro metad

viT, dasaqmebis maCvenebeli wlidan wlamde

kerZo seqtorze gaTvlili“, - ambobs bezaraSvili

mzardia. bolo wels Catarebuli kvlevis

- axla ki minda, rom uSualod isaubroT

telekompania ,,imedTan“ saubrisas.

angariSi gviCvenebs, rom kursdamTavrebul-

profesiuli saswavleblebis rolze umuSev-

ekonomikuri

Ta 60% dasaqmebulia. profesiuli sagan-

robis donis SemcirebaSi.

nabijebis gadadgmis aucileblobas xedaven. maTi

manaTleblo programebis mniSvnelobasa da

,,ori mTavari gamowveva dRes qveyanaSi - es aris

nawili miiCnevs, rom xelisuflebis politika susti

miznebze saqarTvelos ganaTlebis, mecnier-

profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemis maqsimal-

umuSevroba da siRaribe” - swored am gancxadebiT

da gaumarTavia. maT Sorisaa merab janiaSvilic,

ebis, kulturisa da sportis saministros

uri daaxloeba Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan,

romelic

profesiuli ganaTlebis ganviTarebis depar-

Sromis bazris moTxovnis Sesabamisi, kvali-

sawyisad

tamentis profesiuli ganaTlebis sammarTve-

ficiuri samuSao Zalis momzadeba. am mizniT,

nabijebs

los ufross Tamaz baxtaZes vesaubreT.

2019 wlidan profesiuli ganaTlebis siste-

TiToeuli qarTveli axal realobaSi icxovrebda. bolo

ramdenime

finansTa,

welSi

ekonomikis

mravaljer

da

Seicvalnen

premier

ministrebi.

sabolood, problemis mogvarebaze pasuxisgebloba axalma

premierma, baxtaZem

aiRo

da

situaciis

gamosworeba 2020 wlisTvis daanonsa.

daiwyo

maSindelma

finansTa

ministrma,

mamuka

baxtaZem, Tavisi politikuri cxovreba saqarTvelos

ekononomistebi

politikaze mTavrobis

pirdapir

asaxelebs.

droulad

siRaribesTan

unda

da

mogvarebuliyo.

es

problema

maleve,

qveynis

mTavari finansisti aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas Caudga

saTaveSi

da

umuSevrobasTan

brZola

mTavrobis mTavar prioritetad gamoacxada. gamowvevaa’’

-

swored

problemis

araTanmimdevrul

ba ganpirobebulia moduluri programebis danergviT da misi xangrZlivobiT.

-

saministros

prioritets

warmoadgens

gveqneba

dasaqmebaze

orientirebuli

da

ekonomikur

- zogadad, qarTuli profesiuli ganaT-

modulur swavlebaze, rac gulisxmobs imas,

problemac

lebis xarisxze rom mesaubroT, ramdenad ak-

rom sistemaSi danergili yvela programa

mayofilebs arsebul standartebs?

aris damsaqmebelTa monawileobiT SemuSave-

politika, es

Zalian male mogvardeba. ekonomikis saministros qveynis

mixed-

ganviTarebisTvis,

magram

yvela

kargad

- 2018 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTvelos parlamentma

miiRo

profesiuli

buli. amasTan, yvela moduluri programa

ganaTlebis

moicavs mewarmeobis moduls, rogorc savaldebulo komponents. aseve, grZeldeba muSaoba dualuri ganaTlebis midgomis xelSewyo-

sityvebiT

vxedavT, rom maT aseTi strategia arasdros hqoniaT.

Sesaxeb axali kanoni. kanoni miznad isaxavs

mimarTa 2018 wlis miwuruls ukve premierma baxtaZem

araTanmimdevrulobam gamoiwvia is, rom finansebic

profesiuli

saerTaSoriso

am

didi raodenobiT daixarja da Sedegic araferi

isa da moqnilobis gaumjobesebas - zogad,

bis

mimarTvidan ramdenime Tvis Semdeg, mTavrobam 2019

moitana am politikam“, - aRniSnavs merab janiaSvili

profesiul da umaRles ganaTlebas Soris

danergva uzrunvelyofs kerZo kompaniebisa

wlis biujeti waradgina da Sesabamisi gegmebic

CvenTan saubrisas.

moqnili kavSiris damyarebas, profesiul ga-

da

saganmanaTleblo programebis erToblivad

konferenciis

am

da

samTavrobo

kvlevis

ma, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, srulad gadavida

Tu

zrdaze

damarcxebis

saubrobs mxridan

mkafio

mTavari funqcia aris, rom SeimuSaos dokumenti

,,umuSevroba saqarTvelosTvis erT-erTi yvelaze mtkivneuli

,,Cven

ufro

umuSevrobis

mTavrobaSi. maSin baxtaZe miiCnevda, rom umuSevroba ebmoda

ki

kursdamTavrebulTa

wels rac Seexeba, 2018-Si raodenobrivi kle-

bis

monawileebs.

gawera. sainteresoa, ras apirebs ocnebis mTavroba

mimarTulebiT.

dualuri

saganmanaTleblo

programebis

dawesebulebis

mier

dasaqmebis

sferoSi momuSave adamianebic. isini amboben, rom

danergvas, zrdasrulTa ganaTlebis sistemis

ganxorcielebasa da studentTa dasaqmebis

da

xelisuflebas ar aqvs mkafiod gawerili gegma, Tu

ganviTarebas da sxva mniSvnelovani cvlile-

xelSewyobas.

procesSi swavlis Sedegebis 50% an meti re-

SevafasoT

xelisuflebis

dasaqmebis programa bolo 7 wlis ganmavlobaSi.

akritikeben

xarisx-

am yvelaze mtkivneuli problemis mosagvareblad SegviZlia

politikas

sistemis

naTlebaSi zogadi ganaTlebis komponentis

rogor

mTavrobis

ganaTlebis

programebis

ganxorcielebis

rogor unda aRmoifxvras problema. giorgi naWyebia

bebis ganxorcielebas. kanonis amoqmedebis

2012 wels umuSevrobis done

erT-erTi is emigrantia, romelic mZime socialuri

Semdeg profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi

alur samuSao garemoSi miiRweva. mimdinare

qveyanaSi 17.2% iyo, 2018 wels ki es maCvenebeli 5%-iT

mdgomareobis gamo ucxoeTSi 3 wlis win wavida.

gza gaexsna reformis axal etaps.

etapze dualuri midgomiT xorcieldeba 29

faqti Semdegia -

Semcirda da 12.7% Seadgina. erTi SexedviT, mTavroba

emigrantobaSi yofnam mas materialuri keTildReobis

- konkretulad ra reformebzea saubari?

efeqturi

kargad

axali gza gauxsna, dRes mas ucxoeTSi moklevadiani

- kolejis kursdamTavrebulTa dasaqmebis

muSaobs da aseTi tempiT male srulebiT aRmofxvris

samuSao pirobebiT mihyavs da asaqmebs adamianebs. is

mimarTulebiT arsebul gamowvevebze sapa-

yovelwliurad tardeba profesiuli sagan-

problemas. sinamdvileSi, problema bevrad ufro

saubrobs poloneTSi arsebul mdgomareobaze da

suxod, 2019 wlidan profesiuli ganaTlebis

manaTleblo programebis kursdamTavrebul-

mwvave

paralels qarTul realobasTan avlebs.

sistema

da

qmediTia, am

mimarTulebiT

da

sagangaSoa.

saqarTvelos

statistikis

erovnuli

samsaxuri

periodulad

avrcelebs

saganmanaTleblo programa 13 saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi.

srulad

Ta kvleva, romlis angariSebis mixedviTac,

maSin

gadavida modulur swavlebaze. moduluri

kolejebis kursdamTavrebulTa dasaqmebis

saqarTvelos

saqarTveloSi iseve, rogorc axla, ar ayo sakmarisi

swavlebis mniSvnelovani elementia is, rom

maCvenebeli wlidan wlamde mzardia. mag-

faqtia, rom

samuSao adgili. es ki, ra Tqma unda, saxelmwifos

programebis

SemuSavebaSi

arian

aliTad, Tu 2014 wels es maCvenebeli iyo 42%,

monacemebi ar emTxveva uamravi saerTaSoriso Tu

pasuxismgeblobaa.

yvelaferi

CarTulebi

damsaqmeblebi. amasTan, yvela

2015 wels - 47, 2018 wels Catarebuli kvlevis

adgilobrivi organizaciis kvlevis Sedegebs.

sxvanairadaa. xelisuflebam Tavis droze energia ar

moduluri

samsaxuris

daiSura da qveyanaSi investorebis didi raodenoba

moduls, rogorc savaldebulo komponents,

oficialuri monacemebiT, 2017 wels, roca saqstatis

Semoiyvana. Sedegad, Seiqmna uamravi samuSao adgili

rac

mixedviT

da dawesda garkveuli standartebi“, - ambobs is.

xelSemwyobi faqtoria. amasTan, 14 saxelm-

oficialur mTavroba

ase

cifrebs,

sruliad

magaliTad

romelsac

iziarebs, magram

-

Semosavlebis

umuSevroba

mcirdeboda,

mosaxleobis

,,ucxoeTSi

ramdenime

aq

wlis

win

wavedi.

poloneTSi

sagnobrivi

programa

studentTa

swavlebidan

aqtiurad

moicavs

mewarmeobis

dasaqmebis/TviTdasaqmebis

angariSis mixedviT, kursdamTavrebulTa 60% dasaqmebulia.

-

romel profesiebzea yvelaze maRali

moTxovna profesiul saswavleblebSi?

60%, anu sruli umravlesoba Tavs dausaqmeblad

Cveni respodenti gviyveba, rom poloneTSi TiToeul

wifo profesiul saganmanaTleblo dawese-

- 2018 wlis Semodgomis miRebis analizis

miiCnevda. saerTaSoriso organizaciebis kvlevebic,

moqalaqes aqvs saSualeba Tavisi SesaZleblobebi

bulebaSi studentebis samewarmeo ideebis

mixedviT, aplikantebis mier moTxovnadi pro-

faqtobrivad,

maqsimalurad gamoivlinos, misi TqmiT, saxelmwifo

mxardasaWerad

fesiebia: mzareuli, informaciis teqnologi-

pasuxismgeblobas grZnobs TiToeul moqalaqeze.

inovaciuri laboratoriebi (fablabebi).

imaves

amboben,

rom

umuSevroba

saqarTveloSi ramdenjerme ufro maRalia, vidre saSualo evropis qveynebSi.

,,aq ar arsebobs fraza - samuSao ar aris. TiToeul

mTavrobam problemis mosagvareblad, 2014

funqcionirebs

samrewvelo

is mxardaWera, veb interfeisis developeri,

aRsaniSnavia, rom axali kanonis fargleb-

eleqtrooba, konditeria, baga - baRis aRmzrdeli pedagogi, saofise saqme, buRaltruli

wels

polonel moqalaqes aqvs imis arCevani, rom imuSaos iq,

Si zrdasruli mosaxleobis unarebis ganax-

dasaqmebis programebis departamenti Seqmna, romlis

sadac mas surs Sesabamisi anazRaurebis sanacvlod.

lebisa da Sromis bazris moTxovnebis dak-

aRricxva, samkervalo nawarmis specialisti

mTavari mizania, iyos Suamavali damsaqmebelsa da

me, rogorc erTi Cveulebrivi qarTveli moqalaqe

mayofilebis mizniT SemuSavda moklevadiani

da sabaJo saqme.

samuSaos maZiebels Soris. mTavrobis azriT, amgvari programebiT

umuSevroba

etapobrivad

daiZleva.

saqarTveloSi mTavrobis mxridan aseT yuradRebas

profesiuli

pro-

- ZiriTadad ra asakis adamianebis dasaqme-

ver

bas uzrunvelyofs aRniSnuli saswavleblebi?

surT

gramebi, romelTa dasrulebis Semdeg gaicema

swored am departamentis ufrosi, mariam bezaraSvili

siRaribis aRmofxvra, maSin dasaqmeba unda aqcion

saxelmwifos mier aRiarebuli sertifikati.

maTi

prioritetad“, - gveubneba giorgi naWyebia.

aRniSnuli programebis farglebSi saxel-

- 2018 wels Catarebuli profesiuli sa-

faqtia, umuSevroba kvlav rCeba qveynisTvis erT-erT

mwifo dafinanseba prioritetul dargebSi

ganmanaTleblo programebis kursdamTavre-

yvelaze seriozul gamowvevad. mTavroba gvpirdeba,

gaicema kerZo provaiderebis dafinansebis

bulTa kvlevis angariSis mixedviT, asako-

rom

mizniTac. pirvel etapze,

brivi

gegmebis

mTavroba

Sesaxeb

saubrobs

maqsimalurad

da

ambobs, rom

CarTulia

TiToeuli

moqalaqis dasaqmebaSi. ,,Cven

ukve

gvyavs

kadrebi, romlebic

muSaoben

vgrZnobdi.

qveynis

Tu

mTavar

Tanamdebobis

biujetSi

samuSaos maZiebel pirebTan. uwinaresyovlisa, yvela

cvlilebebiT, maTi

programa

umuSevars SeuZlia daregistrirdes sainformacio

efeqturi

es

veb-portalze, raTa moiZebnos misTvis samuSao. Cven

dasaqmebis maCvenebels qveyanaSi.

gaxdeba,

ki

pirebs

momzadeba-gadamzadebis

ganxorcielebuli ufro

moqnili

TavisTavad

da

gazrdis

gvaqvs dasaqmebis xelSemwyobi programebi. kerZod, moklevadiani gadamzadebis programa, rac 16 wlidan

mSeneblobisa da

lis gadamzadeba.

dafiqsirda 30-34 wlis asakobriv kategori-

garda zemoxsenebulisa, saministro, partmok-

aSi, yvelaze dabali ki 15-19 wlis asakobriv jgufSi.

levadian profesiuli ganaTlebis kursebs

- konkretulad ra nabijebi igegmeba samo-

sxvadasxva samizne jgufisaTvis, rogoricaa

mavlod, raTa vgulisxmob, umuSevrobis do-

samuSaos maZieblebi, msjavrdebulebi da yo-

nis Semcirebis gzaze Sedegi ufro efeqturi

fili patimrebi.

gaxdes?

- Tqveni monacemebiT, ramdenad masStaburia profesiul

saswavleblebSi

CarTuloba

saqarTveloSi?

- samomavlo gegmebi bevria, magram ZiriTadad reformis farglebSi, dasaqmebis/TviTdasaqmebis maCveneblis gazrdis, saerTaSor-

- profesiuli ganaTleba yovelwliurad

Google-is arqividan

dakvirvebiT, yvelaze

maRali dasaqmebis maCvenebeli, kerZos 70%

nior uwyebebTan erTad axorcielebs

merab papaSvili

kategoriebze

IT-is mimarTulebebze dagegmilia 400 msurve-

iso standartebis, Sromis bazris moTxovnis

sul ufro da ufro popularuli da moTx-

Sesabamisi, kvalificiuri

ovnadi xdeba, rasac ganapirobebs profesiebis

miRebis

mravalferovneba,

swavlebis danergva. garda amisa, karieris

samuSaoze

dafuZnebuli

mizniT

samuSao

dagegmilia

swavlebis midgoma, dasaqmebis SesaZlebloba

dagegmvis

mokle droSi, geografiuli arealis gafar-

diani

Toeba da sxva. amasTan, warmogidgenT saxel-

masStabis zrda, araformaluri ganaTlebis

mwifo

aRiarebisa da kreditebis aRiarebis meqa-

saganmanaTleblo

studentTa

raodenobebs

dawesebulebebSi wlebis

mixedviT

2013 – 8 893 studenti, 2014 – 10 201, 1015 – 11 188,

servisebis

Zalis

distanciuri

gaZliereba, mokleva-

momzadeba-gadamzadebis

programis

nizmebis danergva.

uCa papiaSvili

2016 – 11 824, 2017 – 11 -541, 2018 – 7 616 . bolo

9

saxelmwifo da dasaqmeba

saxelmwifo sargeblobT Linkedin-iT? is socialuri qselia, romelic damsaqmeblebs TanamSromlebis povnaSi exmareba da piriqiT. daaxloebiT imave daniSnulebas asrulebs socialuri momsaxurebis saagentos saiti Worknet.gov.ge. misi daxmarebiT, saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi, gansakuTrebiT socialurad mowyvladi jgufebi, dasaqmebas, an dasaqmebisTvis saWiro unarebis SeZenas axerxeben. socialuri momsaxurebis saagento saxelmwifo uwyebaa, romelic zedamxedvelobs saxelmwifo programebs. isini, cxadia, saxelmwifos biujetidan finansdeba, Tumca hyavs donori organizaciebic (USAID, Unicef, Word vision, evrokavSiri da a.S. ). vinaidan, NDI-s kvlevebis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi dasaqmebis problema yvelaze mwvavea, sainteresoa, ramdenad efeqturad muSaobs uSualod dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebuli programebi. zemoT naxseneb saitze daregistrirebisas, Tqveni monacemebi avtomaturad xvdeba erTian bazaSi. momxmareblis profilSi asaxuli informaciidan gamomdinare, socialuri momsaxurebis saagento maT im vakansiebs ugzavnis, romlebic yvelaze metad SeeferebaT. vakansiebis garda, monawileobis miReba SesaZlebelia staJirebisa, gadamzadebisa da subsidirebis programebSic. staJirebis programa staJirebis programebi rogorc wesi 1-dan 3 Tvemde grZeldeba. misi gamocxadebis Semdeg, Worknet.gov.ge damsaqmebels 3 beneficiars ugzavnis, romlebidanac mas erTis dasaqmebis valdebuleba aqvs. dasaqmebis xelSekruleba minimum 6-Tviani unda iyos, rac niSnavs, rom dasaqmebuli minimum 9-Tvian samsaxurs iRebs. garda amisa, yovelTviurad staJiors saxelmwifosgan 200-lariani sti pendia eZleva, romelic ar ibegreba. subsidirebis programa

–

Suamavali Sensa da damsaqmebels Soris seqtoris profesiebi, molare-operatorebi, stilistebi, Tumca isini wlidan wlamde icvleba, tendenciebis gaTvaliswinebiT. ,,yvelaze mwvave problema, rasac saagento sakuTar saqmianobaSi awydeba, kadrebis simcirea“, - ambobs mari bezaraSvili.

subsidireba pirvelive dRidan dasaqmebas gulisxmobs. am SemTxvevaSi, socialuri momsaxurebis saagento damsaqmebels uxdis dasaqmebuli xelfasis 50%-s, 470 laramde. magaliTad, Tu beneficiaris xelfasi 600 laria, mas 300 lari saxelmwifo biujetidan ericxeba. Tanadafinanseba maqsimum 4 Tvis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba. subsidirebis drosac damsaqmebeli valdebulia minimum 6-Tviani xelSekruleba gauformos dasaqmebuls, anu ,,vorqneTi“ mis momxmareblebs garantirebulad 10-Tvian samsaxurs aZlevs. gadamzadebis programa programa 2-4 Tves grZeldeba. is moqalaqeebs karieris dagegmvasa da im unarebis SeZenaSi exmareba, rasac damsaqmeblebi iTxoven. am servisiT sargebloba 16 wlis zemoT yvela adamians SeuZlia saqarTvelos nebismier munici palitetSi. beneficiarebidan upiratesoba iseT mowyvlad jgufebs eniWebaT, rogorebic arian: probacionerebi, SSm pirebi, socialurad daucvelebi, martoxela dedebi, usaxsrobis gamo swavlaSewyvetili studentebi da a.S. maT saagento 1000 larian vauCerebs aZlevs, xolo SSm pirebs 1500 larians.

2017 wels am programiT 2130 kaci

gadamzadda, xolo 2018 wlis pirvel etapze 2064. gadamzadebis programis dasrulebis Semdeg saqarTvelos did qalaqebSi dasaqmebis forumebi da festivalebi imarTeba, romelSic potenciuri damsaqmeblebi da datreningebuli 18-dan 36 wlamde axalgazrdebi iReben monawileobas. aseTi RonisZiebebi imarTeba yvela did qalaqSi, monacvleobiT, xolo festivali, misi masStabebidan gamomdinare, sul orjer Catarda. ukanaskneli 5 ivliss, eqspojorjiaSi gaimarTa. masze 65-ze meti kompanias 2000 vakansiiT iyo warmodgenili. dasaqmebis programebis departamentis ufrosis, mari bezaraSvilis, TqmiT, dasaqmebis programebi meoTxe welia warmatebiT funqcionirebs. misi informaciiT, 2017 wels 1775, xolo 2018 wels 1600 adamiani dasaqmda, aqedan 84 SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone piria. misive TqmiT, es statistika ar asaxavs ibieqtur realobas, radgan yvela damsaqmebels ar aqvs valdebuleba, miawodos saagentos informacia dasaqmebis Sesaxeb, ris gamoc statistika arasrulyofilia. am ukanasknelis Sesaxeb man onlaingazeT ,,komersantTan“ isaubra. bezaraSvilis cnobiT, yvelaze moTxovnadi profesiebia: barmeni, mimtani, samSeneblo

saagentos yvela munici palitetis aTviseba uwevs, rac misi biujetidan gamomdinare, arc ise martivia. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 28 ianvris dadgenilebiT, zemoT CamoTvlil programebze saxelmwifos biujetidan 2 mln 90 aTasi lari gamoiyo. 2017 wels biujeti 2 mln. 14 aTasi lari iyo. dasaqmebis departamentis ufrosis azriT, biujeti programebis moTxovnis zrdasTan erTadaa gasazrdeli. ratom unda dainteresdes damsaqmebeli programebSi monawileobiT? bezaraSvilis azriT, es maTTvis SeRavaTiani saqmianobaa, radgan xelfasis nawilis gadaxda ar uwevT. amave dros, maTTan saukeTeso kadrebi midian da aqvT 3-dan erT-erTis arCevis saSualeba. garda amisa, vorqneTis rekomendacia damsaqmeblisTvis prioritetulia, radgan icis, rom masTan misul TanamSromels namdvilad aqvs gadamzadebis kursebi gavlili, anu aqvs Sesabamisi kvalifikacia. cxadia, aseT programebs hyavs kritikosebic, romlebic fiqroben, rom saxelmwifo gadasaxadebis gadamxdelebis fuliT ar unda afinansebdes calkeuli adamianebis karierul ganviTarebas, Tumca mowyvlad jgufebs saqarTvelosnair Rarib qveyanaSi namdvilad sWirdebaT socializaciaSi saxelmwifos xelSewyoba. Tanac, xarjebi arc ise didia, programebi, ase Tu ise, efeqtiani. socialuri momsaxurebis saagento ki Cveul reJimSi, 15 seqtembridan gegmavs programebis axali talRis dawyebas.

akaki alagardaSvili Google-is arqividan

,,tyuili'' dasaqmeba

,,qiuneti’’

–

samsaxuris maZieblis motyuebis gza

demokratiuli sazogadoeba bevri dadebiTi maxasiaTebliT gamoirCeva. zogi maTgani sruliad emsaxureba sazogadoebis interesebs, zog maTgans ki ,,gverdiTi movlenebic" axasiaTebs. swored am sazogadoebis mniSvnelovani miRweva sakuTrebis ufleba da, Sesabamisad, biznesis Tavisuflebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, viTardeba is qveyana, romlis biznesic naklebi wnexis qveSaa da ar izRudeba mTeli rigi sakanonmdeblo normebiT. am sayovelTaod aRiarebuli SeWmaritebis miRma aris sxva realoba. realoba, romelic kompaniebs saSualebas aZlevs, TaRliTuri sqemebiT imoqmedon, oRond, ise, rom kanons CarCoebs ar gascdnen. aseTi kompaniebis ricxvi bolo wlebSi gaizarda, magram kvlavac ucvlelia maTdami saxelmwifos midgoma. sazogadoebis motyuebisa da SecdomaSi Seyvanis mizniT biznes sferoSi gamoCnda e.w qseluri piramida, romelic sakmaod moqnili da awyobili sistemiT xasiaTdeba. masSi CarTuli adamianebi Tavs dasaqmebulad Tvlian, metic - kmayofilic ki arian SemosavlebiT, magram es iqamde, sanam bevr rames ar dakargaven. aseTi kompaniebi, TiTqos, agvareben adamianebis umuSevrobis problemas, asaqmeben maT da aZleven Semosavals. sinamdvileSi ki dasqamebuli adamianebi male dazaralebul adamianebad gadaiqcevian. qseluri piramidebi Semdegi princi piT muSaoben: daregistrirebul finansur kompaniebSi moqalaqebs Tamasuqebi SeaqvT, romelic bazarze arsebul pirobebTan SedarebiT sakmaod maRal procentSia. amasTanave, qseluri marketingSi CarTuli adamianebi kompaniisgan yiduloben garkveul nivTs an, Tundac, sagzurs romelime qveyanaSi, am gziT ki kompaniis

10

wevrebi xdebian. saqme isaa, rom kompania maT nivTebs bevrad ufro maRal, xSir SemTxvevaSi ormag fasSi aZlevs. kompaniaSi gawevrianebis Semdeg klientma imave gziT sxva misi msgavsi adamianebi unda moiyvanos, is ki amis sanacvlod Tanxis garkveul procents miiRebs. qseluri piramidis erT-erTi naTeli magaliTia kompania ,,qiuneti", romelic swored zemoT aRniSnuli sqemiT moqmedebs. is 1998 wels daarsda da maleve msoflios mraval qveyanaSi aikrZala. kompaniis Sida struqtura sakmaod rTulia, masSi Caxedva ki, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebeli. kompaniaSi xSirad mimarTaven fsiqologiuri zewolis meTods, riTic klients arwmuneben am gadawyvetilebis miRebis sisworeSi. kompaniis wevrisTvis problemebi ki mas Semdeg iwyeba, rac is axali xalxis miyvanas veRar axerxebs. qseluri piramidas saqarTveloSi uamravi dazaralebuli hyavs. isini kompaniaSi mividnen, daxarjes fuli, miiRes garkveuli sargebeli, magram, sabolood, yvelaferi dakarges. Cveni respodenti vato samyuraSvili erT-erTi maTgania. is yveba, rogor mivida kompaniaSi da ra situacia daxvda iq. ,,Tavidan am kompaniis Sesaxeb Cemma nacnobma miTxra. amixsna, Tu rogori momgebiani iyo da rogor SemeZlo misgan garkveuli sargeblis miReba. maSin me ar mqonda samsaxuri, ver vSoulobdi versad, amitom damaintresa am winadadebam da Cems nacnobs davukavSirdi. man ramdenime dReSi mimiyvana da maleve kompaniis wevri gavxdi", - ambobs Cveni respodenti. is gveubneba, rom kompaniaSi gasawevrianeblad ori SemoTavazebidan erT-erTi unda aerCia. arCevanis gakeTebis Semdeg ki saqmes Seudga. misi TqmiT, maleve

aRmoaCina, rom yvelaferi arc iseTi martivi iyo, rogorc eubnebodnen. ,,miTxres rom an ucxoeTSi sagzuri unda amerCia an ZviradRirebuli saaTi unda meyida. sabolood, saaaTi vamjobine. gawevrianebidan maleve daviwye xalxis miyvana. miviyvane Cemi erTi naTesavi da misi megobari. problemebi ki mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac gawevrianebis msurveli veRar vi pove. bolos TiTqmis yvelaferi davkarge”, - ambobs is. arasamTavrobo organizacia ,,sazogadoeba da bankebis" xelmZRvaneli giorgi kepulaZe saqmianobis am modelze saubrobs da ambobs, rom finansuri mogeba mudmivi ar aris da is, sabolood, wagebiT sruldeba. ,,erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli saxeoba aris qseluri marketingis niRabqveS Sefaruli biznessaqmianoba. isini gTxoven, miiyvano adamiani, Semdeg man ori miiyvanos, Semdeg oTxi da a.S. es, rogorc wesi, aranair biznesmodels ar efuZneba, romliTac SeiZleba fulis Sovna, es damokidebulia miyvanili adamianebis raodenobaze. rogorc ki xalxis raodenoba iwureba, sqema mTlinad iSleba", ambobs kepulaZe. biznesis am modelma saqarTveloSi ukve bevri adamiani daazarala. zogi maTgani sakuTari uflebebis dacvas sasamarTlos gziT apirebs, magram kanonSi arsebuli xarvezebi ar iZleva imis saSualebas, rom konkretuli pirebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi dadges da es problema mougvarebeli rCeba. eqspertebi da ekonomistebi sazogadoebas afrTxileben, rom Tavi Seikavon qselur marketingSi gawevrianebisgan manam, sanam detalurad ar gaerkvevian kompaniis pirobebs.

merab papaSvili

fotoreportaJi

TviTdasaqmebuli dezertirebi statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis dasaqmebulTa maCveneblSi Zalian didi adgili uWiravs TviTdasaqmebul adamianTa wils. miuxedavad imisa, rom 2004 wlidan maCvenebels klebis tendencia axasiaTebs, 2018 wlis monacemebiT, mTlian dasaqmebaSi TviTdasaqmebulTa wili 49,2%-s Seadgens. Tavis mxriv, TviTdasaqmebaSi maRali wiliT gamoirCeva soflis meurneobis seqtori, amis Semdeg ki modis miRebuli produqtis realizaciisTvis arsebuli bazrebi, sadac momuSave adamianebi aseve TviTdasaqmebul mosaxleobaTa jgufSi erTiandebian.

dea RirdalaZe

„dezertirebis bazari“ – es saxeli 1920-iani wlebidan gaCnda da wereTlis quCis mimdebare teritoriaze arsebul sasoflo-sameurneo bazars dRemde ase moixsenieben. manamde ki „rusis bazris“ saxeliT iyo cnobili. Zvelad am adgilas jariskacebis iaraRsa da aRkazmulobas yiddnen. „dezertirebis bazris“ Zveli Senoba 1960 wels aaSenes, Tumca 2007 wels igi daangries da mis adgilas or-sarTuliani sacalo, sabiTumo, Tanamedrove savaWro centris mSenebloba daanonsda. 2012 wels mSenebloba dasrulda, magram rogorc Cans, Tanamderove savaWro centris gaxsna kvlav ideis doneze darCa. bazarma male Zveli saxe daibruna da kvlav reabilitacias eqvemdebareba. iqauri garemosgan gansxvavebiT, fasebi TiTqmis yvelasTvis misaRebia. komfortul supermarketebTan SedarebiT, aq yovelTvis dabali fasebia. axlandel bazars daaxloebiT 2000 kvadratuli metri uWiravs da 500-mde savaWro adgilzea gaTvlili.

uCa papiaSvili merab papaSvili

merab papaSvili

11

fotoreportaJi

uCa papiaSvili

merab papaSvili

uCa papiaSvili

dea RirdalaZe

redaqcia mTavari redaqtori

Jurnalistebi

misamarTi

mariam talaxaZe

i.WavWavaZis #8 Tsu-is me-6 korpusi

ekaterine janiaSvili

megi nefariZe uCa papiaSvili merab papaSvili akaki alagardaSvili

damkabadonebeli

xelmZRvaneli

nomris redaqtori

dea RirdalaZe

12

asistent-profesori magda memaniSvili

telefoni

+995 571 09 29 44 el.fosta umusheveri.newspaper@gmail.com