ჟურნალი "უცნობი თბილისი" by mariamtalakhadze

ucnobi Tbilisi

2019

ekaterine janiaSvili

redaqtoris

sveti

u Tbilisi giyvarT, magram mas mxolod fasadurad icnobT, standartuli RirsSesaniSnaobebi moginaxulebiaT, magram gsurT, sxva kuTxiT dainaxoT es qalaqi da aRmoaCinoT masSi ucnobi istoriebi _ maSin swor adgilas moxvdiT.

am Jurnalis furclebis gadaSlisas Tbilisis TiToeul ubans moivliT _ mogzaurobas abanoTubnidan daiwyebT, Tumca mTavari quCebidan gadaxveva xSirad mogiwevT. maleve gadainacvlebT gareubnebSic da naxavT, rom gldani, vazisubani, lilo, da naZaladevi Tbilisis Rirseuli nawilia. moinaxulebT svaniZis quCas, romelic 13 ivnisis tragediis mematianea; gaicnobT TiTqmis miviwyebuli profesiebis warmomadgenlebs, romlebic Zalian cota SemorCnen TbilisSi; kidev erTxel darwmundebiT, rom Tbilisi tolerantobis qalaqia da aq mravali religiis xalxi Tanaarsebobs; daaTvalierebT quCis mxatvrobis nimuSebs, romlebic nacrisfer qalaqs ferebs matebs; gaicnobT garemovaWreebs, meezoveebs, mexanZreebs, avtobusis mZRolebs _ adamianebs, romlebsac yoveldRiurad vxvdebiT, Tumca xSirad yuradRebas ar vaqcevT; kidev erTxel CaivliT mSral xidze raime ucnobisa da sainteresos aRmoCenis imediT; Tbiliselebis quCis stilsa da Cacmulobasac SeaTvalierebT da miwis zemoT seirnobiT daRlili miwisqveSeTs miaSurebT _ moinaxulebT avlabris aralegalur miwisqveSa stambas, romelic propagandas miwis siRrmidan avrcelebda da daaTvalierebT bnel da nesian miwisqveSa TavSesafrebs, romlebic sabWoTa kavSiris dros samoqalaqo Tavdacvis garanti iyo. ucnobi Tbilisis istoriebi mkiTxvels elis. mogzauroba Jurnalis Semdegi furclidan iwyeba!

mariam

talaxaZe

sar qalaqi Tbili-si 8

Zveli Tbilisi, anu abanoTubani

ramdenad realuria Tbilisis daarsebis istoria, romlisac aqamde gvjeroda?

tolerantuli Tbilisi, anu dedaqalaqis salocavebis Tanaarsebobis saidumlo

Tbilisis zooparki - TiTqmis saukunovani istoria

gvaxsovs Tu ara, rom?! - saintereso faqtebi arqividan

svaniZis 13 rodesac mTavari gzidan vuxvevT

Tbilisis urbanuli politika

muzeumebi 44

propaganda 15 metris siRrmidan

relikvia Ria cis qveS

legendebiT savse muzeumi

Tbilisi miwis qveS

gareubani? 68

sibnelidan gamosuli gareubani

aeroportis dasaxleba - qalaqis pirveli maspinZeli

Cevi 74

liloc Tbilisia

foniWala - yvelaze mwvane ubani

qaoturi ubani â&#x20AC;&#x153;naZaladeviâ&#x20AC;? warsuliT

gareubani ormagi cxovrebiT

zRva TbilisSi

adamianebi 88

Zveli Tbilisis miviwyebuli profesiebi

sanam Tbiliss sZinavs

kidev erTi civi dRe

Tanamedrove Tbilisi 98

sacobi Tbilisis satransporto politikaSi

100

rogor aRwevs Tavs rutinas Tbilisi?

102

Tbilisi STREET STYLE

106

turisti TbilisSi romantika VS realoba

110

is, rac Tbiliss aferadebs

nawili

q alaqi Tbili-si

Zveli Tbilisi, anu abanoTubani ,,esrola vaxtangma, daWra xoxobi, magram mainc gafrinda sawyali. gamoudga mas mefis mimino, ifrines karga xans da bolos Tvals miefarnen... mefem da msaxurebma orive frinveli cxel wyalSi Cacvenilni i poves da brZana mefem am adgilas sataxto qalaqis aSeneba“ _ swored ase daiwyo im qalaqis istoria, romelsac dResdReobiT turistebis auarebeli raodenoba stumrobs.

mariam samxaraZe

qalaq Tbilisis istoria V saukunidan iwyeba, misi adgilmdebareoba ki yvelasTvis cnobilma abanoTubanma gansazRvra. es teritoria aseuli saukunis win mxolod tyiT iyo dafaruli, dRes ki individualurad mopirkeTebuli nagebobebiT gamoirCeva. 1795 wels aRa mahmad xanma yvela abano mospo, Tumca XVIII saukuneSi qarTvelebma sisufTavisa da janmrTelobis mTavari wyaro aRadgines da „wyali, romelic ucecxlod duRda“ orbelianebis aSenebul „Wrel abanoSi“ moaqcies. abanoebis saxelwodeba mflobelebis saxelebidan an raime niSan-Tvisebebidan gamomdinareobda, ase iyo „Wreli abanos“ saxelwodebac - igi Wreli aguriT, e.w. SorenkecebiTaa mopirkeTebuli, rac aRmosavlur stils miekuTvneba. arankleb cnobili „gulos abano“ odesRac garnizonis abanod iyo cnobili,radgan aqaurobas gansatvirTad rogorc ubralo jariskacebi, aseve generlebic ki stumrobdnen. yvela abanos, erTi da igive, gamajansaRebeli Tviseba aqvs, Tumca didi mniSvneloba aqvs momsaxurebas _ rogor miudgebian TiToeul stumars. me da Cemma megobarma, ruseTidan Camosuli turistebis saxiT, ramdenime cnobili abano movinaxuleT da maTi mimRebis warmomadgenlebs detalebze gavesaubreT. albaT, gagikvirdebaT, Tu raoden gansxvavdeba yoveli maTganis garemo da e.w „Sida samzareulo“. pirveli, ra Tqma unda, „Wreli abano“ iyo, mimRebSi ori axalgazrda _ gogona da biWi isxdnen, aSkarad qarTvelebi, TumcaRa rusulad da inglisurad sakmaod gamarTulad saubrobdnen, aq Sesvlisas Tavi namdvilad romelime ZviradRirebul spa-centrSi gegonebodaT. Semdegi Zalze cnobili da, albaT, metad aqtualuri „gulos abano“ iyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom mimRebSi Cven garda aravin iyo, yuradReba Zalian gvian mogvaqcies, TumcaRa is qalbatoni Zalze stumarTmoyvare gamodga. rogorc aRmoCnda, „gulos abano“ ojaxuri biznesia, misi mepatroneebi odiTganve azerbaijanelebi yofilan. maT Soris cnobili meqiseebic: nizama, fizula, elCina, elmira, ruslana da sxv. yvelaze metad ki „gu-

los abano“ Tavisi murabebiTa da CaiT izidavs stumrebs, rac, ra Tqma unda, ojaxuri garemos atmosferos qmnis. da bolos, aranakleb cnobil, „samefo abanos“ vewvieT. miuxedavad imisa, rom es abano sxvebTan SedarebiT ufro patara da iaficaa, aq dagvxvda namdvilad qarTul-mamapapuri garemo. tkbilad mosaubre, xanSiSesuli batoni daviTi abanoze mokled gvesaubra da gvexumra kidec, rom aq Cvens yvela codvas CamovirecxavdiT, TumcaRa isic daamata, rom Cvennair lamaz gogonebs codvebi, albaT, arc eqnebodaT. gagvecina da dadebiTi emociebiT damuxtulebi davpirdiT, rom axlo momavalSi aucileblad vestumrebodiT. garda imisa, rom gogirdis cxeli abanoebi gantvirTvis erT-erTi saukeTeso saSualebaa, mas uamravi samkurnalo Tvisebac aqvs, igi endokrinulsa da revmatiul daavadebebs kurnavs. Zvel droSi am adgilebs aramxolod samkurnalo, aramed sazogadoebrivi Sekrebebis daniSnulebac hqondaT. aq mosalxenad Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebic Zalian xSirad modiodnen, metic sadedamTiloebi sapatarZlos silamazes swored am abanoebSi amowmebdnen. saintereso faqtia isic, rom Turme, namSobiareb qals gansxvavebuli masaJi ukeTdeba, vidre mas, visac bavSvi ar gauCenia. mizezi ki isaa, rom namSobiarebi qalis saxsrebi gafarToebulia, Sesabamisad marilebis dagrovebis meti safrTxe arsebobs. profesionalma meqiseebma es aucileblad ician xolme. zogadad, meqiseoba sapatio profesiaa, igi memkvidreobiT mamidan Svilze gadadis. meqiseebi rogorc qalebi, aseve mamakacebic arian, Tumca genderuli disbalansi mainc SeiniSneba, radgan mamakacis „Zlier xelze“ ufro didi moTxovnaa. meqiseebis momsaxurebiT ZiriTadad mainc evropeli da slavi qalebi sargebloben. am arcTu ise did teritoriaze 6 abanoa ganTavsebuli. adre mudmivad imaze davobdnen, Tu romeli iyo maT Soris saukeTeso, axla ki mTavar sadavo sakiTxad abanoebis siZvele iqca. Tumca, ra mniSvneloba aqvs, romel maTganSi SedgamT fexs, maTgan yvelaSi dagxvdebaT gamWvirvale SuSis WiqaSi Camosxmuli cxeli limoniani Cai da Tbili garemo.

mariam samxaraZe

Tako canava

ramdenad realuria Tbilisis daarsebis istoria, romlisac aqamde gvjeroda?

Tako canava

abanoTubanSi Catarebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis mixedviT, dasturdeba, rom Tbilisi vaxtang gorgaslamdec arsebobda.

magram cixis qveS, ori metris siRrmeSi, aRmoaCines auzebi, romlebsac specialistebi I-II saukuneebiT aTariReben.

arqeologiuri gaTxrebi abanoTubanSi 1998-2015 wlebSi mimdinareobda. xolo im teritorize, sadac aRmoCenebi gakeTda, 2016 wlidan funqcionirebs muzeumi. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom es muzeumi aris saqarTveloSi erTaderTi, romelic arqeologiuri gaTxrebis adgilas aSenda da sadac ganTavsebulia aRmoCenili nivTebi.

eqspediciaSi monawile erT-erTi arqeologis irakli anCabaZis TqmiT ,,moqcevai qarTlisaiâ&#x20AC;&#x153; aris qarTuli wyaro, romlis mixedviTac vicodiT, rom Tbilisi, rogorc cixe-qalaqi, arsebobda me-4 saukuneSi, magram am abanosa da marnis gaTxram daadastura, rom is kidev ufro adrec arsebobda. daaxloebiT II-III saukuneebSi aq ukve iyo qalaquri ti pis dasaxleba. swored amitom aqvs am gaTxrebs aseTi eqspediciis xelmZRvanelis, merab ZnelaZis TqmiT, didi mniSvneloba. gaTxrebis Sedegad aseve aRmoCemTavari aRmoCena abanoa: ,,es erTerTi uZvelesi nilia, gorgasalis droindeli karibWe da galavani, abanoa amierkavkasiaSi. igi gaiTxara 2011 wels da romelic eqspediciis xelmZRvanelis, merab ZnelaTariRdeba axali welTaRricxviT II-III saukuneebT. Zis mtkicebiT, V-VI saukuneebiT TariRdeba da aris aseve, aq aRmoCnda IV-V saukunis marani. rogorc Cans, erTerTi uZvelesi am etapze, rac ki aRmoCenila rodesac daingra abano, Semdeg miwa daeyara, miwa Tbilisis saforTifikacio (damcavi) nagebobebidan. motkepnilia da merea marani daSenebuli. amitom, ma- garda amisa, aRmoaCines samkaulebi da moWiquli ranic da abanoc gaiTxara erTad 2011 wels. aseve keramika, romelic aRa mahmad xanis Semosevebis SemaRmoCenilia amiras saxlis nangrevebi da Tbilisis deg aRar gvxvdeba. cixesimagris, nariyalas kedlis nawili.â&#x20AC;&#x153;, - ambobs ZnelaZe. muzeumis ezoSi mravalferovnebisTvis mowyobilia aRmoCenili nivTebi da masalebi adasturebs, rom eTnografiuli kuTxe, romelic Soridanve iqcevs saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis TbilisSi gadmotanam- mnaxvelTa yuradRebas. es adgili Zalian popude aq dasaxleba unda yofiliyo. es aris pirveli larulia ara mxolod qarTvelebisTvis, aramed turunikaluri aRmoCena, romelic bolo wlebis ganmav- istebisTvisac. muzeums ar aqvs dafinanseba da is lobaSi gakeTda da romlis mixedviTac, SeiZleba funqcionirebs mnaxvelTa mier Sewiruli TanxebiT. Seicvalos dedaqalaqis istoria. Catarebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebi ewinaaRmdegeba metexis xidze 40 sebastianeli beris taZris mimde- yvelasaTvis cnobil legendas Tbilisis daarsebis bare teritoraze miakvlies cixe-galavnis fragmen- Sesaxeb da naTels fens qalaqis daarsebis sul sxva tebs, fragmentebi gorgasalis periods miekuTneba, realobas.

Tako canava 13

Tako canava

dea RirdalaZe

tolerantuli anu salocavebis

Tbilisi,

dedaqalaqis Tanaarsebobis

saidumlo

qarTuli Tu somxuri eklesia? - am kiTxvas xSirad gaigebT Tbilisis Zvel ubanSi, lado asaTianisa da beTlemis quCis kveTaze Tu aRmoCndebiT. aq uZvelesi taZari dgas, romelic axla sul dangreulia da Suaxnis qalbatonis sacxovrebladaa qceuli.

„aq arqeologiuri gaTxrebic ki Catarda, romelTa Sedegadac aRmoCnda, rom es qarTuli eklesiaa, ufro sworad ki - bazilika, Tumca somxuri mxare ar Tmobs da ukve wlebia, rac am sakiTxze dava mimdinareobs. SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom es aris sadavo eklesia“, - ambobs ana. SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom eklesia, romelsac TavCamoSlili gumbaTi, erT mxares sruli- dapirvelad surb astvacacinis (wminda RvTismad ganadgurebuli kedeli da eklesiis Sig- Sobeli) saxeli erqva, faqtobrivad, aRar arseniT gakiduli sarecxi erTgvar paradoqsad bobs da am mravalsaukunegamovlili sakulto gvevlineba, magram realoba aseTia. eklesiidan nagebobis bedi jer kidev gaurkvevelia. ramdenime metris daSorebiT patara saxlebi Tbilisis mosaxloebis didma nawilma, aldgas da Zalian didia imis saSiSroeba, rom baT, icis, rom am qalaqSi arsebobs Zveli ubani taZris darCenili kedlebi, romlebic rkinis (abanoTubani), sadac sxvadasxva eTnosis kulkonstruqciiTa da mavTulebiT aris Sekavebu- tura da religia erTad iyris Tavs. aq marTlli, Camoingres. madidebluri, muslimuri, somxuri, ebrauli da kaTolikuri sakulto nagebobebi erTmaneana qiqoSvili swored am dangreuli taZris Tis gverdiT dgas. sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis gverdiT mdebare saxlSi cxovrobs. misi TqmiT, warmomadgenlebma saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi ukve ramdenime welia eklesia aseT mdgomareo- SeZles sakuTari religiis saukuneebis ganbaSia. rac mTavaria, jer kidev gaurkvevelia, mavlobaSi SenarCuneba – ase gaxda Tbilisi qarTulia Tu somxuri es taZari. tolerantuli qalaqi.

dea RirdalaZe

2017 wlis monacemebiT, mosaxleobis procentuli ganawileba religiuri kuTvnilebis mixedviT aseTia: marTlmadidebeli - 83.41%, muslimi - 10.74%, somexTa samociqulo - 2.94%, kaTolike - 0.52%, iehovas mowmeebi - 0.33% da sxva 1.80%. beTlemis quCidan ovanes Tumanianis quCisken mimavals, Zveli feradi da saocrad lamazi saxlebis fonze, aucileblad SegxvdebaT moqmedi surb gevorqis (wminda giorgis) saxelobis somxuri samociqulo eklesia. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, is 1356 wels daarsda. eklesiis saZirkvelSi aRmoCenilia patara nageboba, romelic Sua saukuneebis saganmanaTleblo kera iyo da aq XV-XVII saukuneebSi somxuri xelnawerebi iqmneboda. 1751 wels eklesia ganaxlda da taZarSi somxuri soflidan Camotanili wminda giorgis nawilebi daasvenes. mas Semdeg eklesias surb gevorqis saxeli daerqva. taZarma morwmuneTa Soris popularoba moi pova da TandaTan Tbilisis somxuri Temis erTgvar centradac ki iqca. wiTeli aguriT naSeni taZari yuradRebas maSinve i pyrobs. taZris ezoSi xalxmravloba cota ucnaurad meCvena, ramac interesi kidev ufro gaaRviva. turistebis didi jgufis molodini maleve TeTr kabaSi gamowyobilma gogonam gaaqarwyla da maSinve naTeli gaxda, Tu ra xdeboda. taZarSi Sesvla Zalian mcire xniT, Tumca mainc movaxerxe. lamazad moxatuli gumbaTi, kedlebi da am kedlebze sxvadasxva zomis uamravi xati mnaxvelze marTlac did STabeWdilebas axdens.

gza grZeli da damRleli aRmoCnda, magram lamaz quCebs Soris, wiTeli aguriT nagebi sinagogis danaxvam yvelaferi gadafara. CvenTan arsebuli ebrauli salocavebis istoria 26 saukunes iTvlis. „axalcixelebis locva“ - ase uwodeben dRemde qarTveli ebraelebi Tbilisis did sinagogas. is ebraelma axalcixelebma XX saukunis dasawyisSi aages, Zveli qalaqis mTavar arteriaSi, e.w „somxuri bazris“ arealSi - dRevandeli leseliZis quCaze. rogorc ezoSi myofi erT-erTi ebraeli, merab CanCalaSvili, ambobs, samlocvelos damTavreba Zalian rTuli iyo, Tumca didi gaWirvebiT, sakuTari finansebiTa da erToblivi SromiT SeZles, daesrulebinaT da salocavad moewyoT didi sinagoga. „mSenebloba 1904 wels daiwyo da 1911 wels damTavrda. aq pirveli locva 1909 wels Catarda, magram maSin jer kidev ar iyo bolomde moxatuli da avejiT gawyobili. 1911 wlidan yoveldRiurad, Seferxebis gareSe, wesisamebr, dReSi orjer aResruleba locva, Tumca am bolo dros mlocvelTa nakleboba SeiniSneba“, - ambobs merabi. ezoSi Sesvlisas marcxniv, mTel kedelze, saqarTveloSi moRvawe rabinebis da Talmid xaxmebis fotoebs SexvdebiT. „mas religiuri datvirTva ar aqvs, es ubralod gamoxatavs maTdami pativiscemas. bevri rabinis qmedeba gmirobis tolfasi iyo imitom, rom komunistebi cdilobdnen SeeviwrovebinaT ebrauli sazogadoeba. iWerdnen da xocavdnen maT religiuri Sexedulebebis gamo”, - ambobs iqve ezoSi mjdari mlocveli. miuxedavad imisa, rom TbilisSi dRes ori sinagoga dgas, aRmoCnda, rom mxolod did sinagogaSi ikribeba mlocvelTa minimaluri raodenoba da aRevlineba locva. israelidan Camosuli turistebis did jgufTan erTad sinagogaSi fexis Sedgma da saocari emociebis daufleba erTia. darbazis interieri mTlianad moxatulia. naxatis Tematika mcenareuli motivebi da ornamentebia, ufro metad cisferi da Klurji ferebi sWarbobs. skamebi ganivad aris ganlagebuli, rac ebrauli tradiciidan gamomdinareobs. Sida interieri imdenad momxibvlelia, rom SeuZlebelia ar aRfrTovande. turistebma darbazi datoves. dRes SabaTi araa, Sesabamisad, mlocvelebisa da mnaxvelebisgan daclil sinagogaSi saocari siCume Camovarda. TiTqos, erT did vakuumSi viyavi gamoketili, romelSic yvelanairi xma daxSuli iyo. videqi salocavis SuagulSi da vfiqrobdiT, Tu kidev ra Semxvdeboda iseTi, rac amaze metad aRmafrTovanebda.

dea RirdalaZe

sinagogadan gamosvlis Semdeg, botanikuris quCis mimarTulebiT siarulisas, uamravi feradi saxli, lamazi, viwro quCebi da sxvadasxva enaze molaparake adamiani mxvdeba. viwro Cixebi da kibiseburad ganlagebuli ezoebi srulebiT damaxasiaTebelia am quCisaTvis, romelic mTian reliefze miemarTeba. qvafenilian aRmarTs mivadeqi, romlis bolosac erTaderTi moqmedi - juma meCeTi gamoCnda moTeTro-mocisfro gumbaTiT. meCeTi unikaluri imitomaa, rom aq erTdroulad loculoben rogorc suniti, aseve Siiti muslimebi. amboben, rom Tbilisis juma meCeTi, romelSic islami da neogoTikis elementebi brwyinvaled erwymis erTmaneTs, arcerT sxva meCeTs ar hgavs arqiteqturiT.

wiTeli aguriT mopirkeTebuli meCeTi 1723-35 wlebSi aSenda, roca Tbilisi osmalebs hqondaT dapyrobili. is momdevno 300 wlis ganmavlobaSi samjer ganadgurda da aRdga. 1951 wlamde TbilisSi ori meCeTi idga. Siitebi gancalkevebulad, lurj meCeTSi loculobdnen, sunitebi ki - jumaSi. 1951 wels komunisturma mTavrobam lurji meCeTi gaanadgura, raTa metexis xidi aego. Siitebs wasasvleli aRarsad hqondaT da juma meCeTma maT kari gauxsna. ase iqca abanoTubanSi mdebare meCeTi erTaderT adgilad, sadac Siitebi da sunitebi erTad loculobdnen. 1996 wlamde am ori mimdinareobis morwmuneebs Savi farda hyofdaT, dResdReobiT ki salocavi yvelasTvis Riaa.

meCeTs nel-nela vuaxlovdebi. zRurblTan misulma ki fardag-xaliCebiT morTuli mTavari darbazis win mjdom mamakacs vkiTxe, sxva sarwmunoebis adamians Tu hqonda Sesvlis ufleba. man RimiliT mi pasuxa: “SeiZleba, mTavaria keTili zraxvebi gqondeso”- da mimiTiTa meore darbazisken, romelic qalebis salocavi gaxlavT. darbazSi Sesvla erTdroulad Tavisuflebisa da siamovnebis SegrZnebas iwvevs. kedlebi ki, romlebic lurj da cisfer ferebSia moxatuli, ganwyobis amaRlebas kidev ufro uwyobs xels. Tbilisis juma meCeTi ramdenime mizezis gamoa unikaluri. magaliTad, ori mihrabis, anu salocavi niSis gamo, romlebic muslimTa wminda qalaq qaabaskenaa mimarTuli. swored aqeT unda iyurebodes mlocveli locvisas. aRsaniSnavia, rom juma meCeTSi ori minbaria – adgili, saidanac imami an sxva sasuliero piri qadagebas warmoTqvams. Tumca, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, Tbilisis meCeTi msoflioSi erTaderTi adgilia, sadac Siitebi da sunitebi erTad loculoben da erTi imamis qadagebas ismenen. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom konfliqti am ori mimdinareobis warmomadgenlebs Soris aq, faqtobrivad, ar arsebobs. swored amitom aris Tbilisi tolerantuli qalaqi. religiuri konfliqtebi saqarTvelos dedaqalaqs ar sCvevia, miuxedavad imisa, rom Zveli

Tbilisis patara teritoriaze erTmaneTis gverdiT sxvadasxva konfesiis salocavia. rogorc ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenlebi amboben: „religias marto komunistebi ebrZodnen, raTa adamianidan RmerTis rwmena amoeZirkvaT da mxolod partiis rwmena STaenergaT“. darbazSi TandaTan muslimi qalbatonebi Semodian, rac imis maniSnebelia, rom dRes paraskevia da locvis dRea. mlocvelebi rbil da fafuk xaliCaze nela da mSvidad miabijeben, iqve ganTavsebuli Taroebidan islamis wminda wigns - yurans iReben da locvas iwyeben. neli nabijebiT darbazs vtoveb da Tan vfiqrob, mainc ramden unikalur da gamorCeul nagebobas itevs patara qalaqis kidev ufro patara da Zveli ubani. Tumca maviwydeba, rom Tbilisi erT-erTi maTgania im TiTze CamosaTvleli qalaqebidan, romlebic mravalricxovani Semosevebis Sedegad darbeulan, dangreulan, magram bolomde ar ganadgurebulan da mainc mniSvnelovani sityva uTqvamT msoflio civilizaciaSi. dRes yvela erTxmad Tanxmdeba, rom am qalaqis gansakuTrebuloba swored mis mravaleTnikurobaSia, rac odiTganve ganumeorebel xibls aniWebda Tbiliss da mis fenomens bevrisTvis amouxsnels tovebda.

dea RirdalaZe

Tbilisis zooparki TiTqmis saukunovani istoria

1927 wlis 10 Tebervali... Svedma hansonma TbilisSi zooparkis daarseba gadawyvita. Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomis dadgenilebiT, mdinare veres xeobaSi jer 70, mogvianebiT ki 120 heqtramde miwa gamoiyo, upirveles miznad ki kavkasiis faunis dacva daisaxa. bevrs fiqrobdnen generaluri gegmis Sesaqmneladac. masze profesori manteifeli moskovidan, leningradis zooparkis arqiteqtori v. stepanovi da qarTveli mecnierebi i. CxikviSvili, arCil janaSvili, z. rostombekovi da sxvebi erToblivad muSaobdnen. dro gadioda, landSafti icvleboda da iqmneboda bunebrivTan maqsimalaurad daaxloebuli pirobebi: kldeebi, CanCqerebi, auzebi... 1934-1944 wlebi Tbilisis zooparkis ,,oqros xanadâ&#x20AC;? iTvleba. am periodSi misi direqtori hansoni iyo. tardeboda araerTi samecniero cda, aiTvises specialurad gamoyofili miwis nakveTebi, aSenda axali volierebi da nagebobebi, moewyo gazonebi da bostanic. aq moyvanili mwvaniliTa da bostneuliT ki zooparkis binadrebs kvebavdnen. bavSvebis gasaseirneblad moZraobda ponis etlic. am droisgan gansxvavebiT, mZime aRmoCnda 1993-1994 wlebi. samoqalaqo omis fonze es sivrce yvelam daiviwya. bevri cxoveli SimSilisgan daixoca, zooparkis TanamSromlebi ki daxocili cxovelebiT darCenil binadrebs kvebavdnen. wlebis matebam qalaqis zrda gamoiwvia, zooparkisTvis gamoyofili miwa ki mniSvnelovnad Semcirda. ase aRmoCnda zooparki qalaqis centrSi. estakadebma misi teritoria kidev ufro daapatarava, mSeneblobebma farTobi metad Sekveca da aman zoologiuri parkis sxvagan gadatanis aucilebloba warmoSva, Tumca wlebis ganmavlobaSi idea idead rCeboda.

keso boWoriSvili

2019 wlis 20 aprili...

keso boWoriSvili

Tbilisis zooparks mxolod cxra heqtari uWiravs. aq Tavmoyrilia Cveni qveynisa da msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxidan Camoyvanili 300-mde saxeobis 800-ze meti cxoveli, maT Soris gadaSenebis piras myofi saxeobebi, romlebic bunebaSi mcire raodenobiT arian darCenili. aq binadroben: maimunebi, TeTri lomebi, spiloebi, TeTri martorqebi, gareuli afrikuli ZaRlebi. aseve, farSevangebi, zebrebi. ganaxlebul egzotariumSi ferad-feradi Tevzebis, gvelebisa da sxva reptiliebis naxvacaa SesaZlebeli. aRsaniSnavia, rom TbilisSi 2007 wels kavkasiis pirveli zRvis akvariumi gaixsna. rogorc zooparkis direqtorma zurab gurieliZem CvenTan saubrisas aRniSna, Tbilisis zooparki cxovelebiT arasdros vaWrobs da axal binadars arasdros yidulobs. mas, ZiriTadad, evropis zoologiuri parkebi saCuqrad agzavnian. namati dafaruli araa da yvela axali binadari mediis daxmarebiT mTeli saqarTvelosTvis cnobili xdeba. sayuradReboa cxovelebTan damTvaliereblebis urTierToba. zooparkis direqtoris ganmartebiT, am mxriv zogadi suraTi kargia, Tumca mainc fiqsirdeba SemTxvevebi, roca patara stumrebi maimunebis gamokvebas popkorniT an zebrebis danayrebas kanfetebiT cdiloben. es ki ar SeiZleba. Tavis mxriv, zooparkis stumrebic unda Seecadon sazRvrebis dacvas da aucilebelia moeridnon cxovelebTan axlo kontaqts.

sivrce, romelic TiTqmis saukunes iTvlis, dRes afrikul lomebs, irmebs, meliebs, hi popotamsa da rux mgels uvlis. vxvdebiT siraqlemebsa da farSevangebs, giurzebsa da paragvais anakondas, Tevzebsa da amfibiebs. zooparkis axali binadrebi arian TeTri vefxvi da cxvirrqosani gvelgvesla. swored erTi Tvis win daibada lemuri, romelic yvelaze patara binadrad iTvleba. uxucesi ki anduri kondoraa â&#x20AC;&#x201C; svavisebrTa ojaxis warmomadgeneli, romelic aq ukve 50 welze metia cxovrobs.

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zooparkis istoriis furclebze 2015 wlis 13 ivnisi tragikul dRed Caiwera da misi cxovrebac or nawilad gayo. stiqias mravali adamianisa da cxovelis cxovreba Seewira. meore dRes ki mTeli msoflio Tbilisis quCebSi moseirne behemot begis fotoebs aziarebda da stiqiis Ramis detalebs ecnoboda. danaklisi didia: sulieri arsebebis warTmeuli sicocxle da ganviTarebis gzaze damdagri zooparkis regresi. direqtoris ganmartebiT, tragikuli dRis mere maT yvelafris Tavidan dawyeba mouwiaT da muSaoba stiqiidan zustad sami Tvis Semdeg, 2015 wlis 13 seqtembers, ganaaxles. movlenam zooloogiuri parkis sxva adgilze gadatanis ideis ganxorcieleba daaCqara. dRes Tbilisis zRvaze sruliad axali da Tanamedrove stadartebis zooparki Sendeba. Tbiliss axal zooparkamde ormocdaaTi milioni lari aSorebs. dRes mSeneblobis procesi gaCerebuli araa, Tumca SeferxebiT mimdinareobs.

miuxedavad amisa, pirveli volierebi aSenebulia - daTvebs, mglebs, irmebs, niamorebsa da jixvebs axali sacxovrebeli aqvT. zooparkis Sesaxeb yvelaferi naTeli da gamWvirvalea. erTaderTi, rac dafarulia, TanamSromlebis kolosaluri Sromaa, romelic zogjer fataluri SedegiTac ki sruldeba. cxovelebis movla gansakuTrebiT rTulia, yvela maTgans individualuri midgoma, sakvebiT uzrunvelyofa da movla sWirdeba. zurab gurieliZem CvenTan saubrisas is istoriebi gaixsena, roca cxovelebi momvlelebs Tavs daesxnen: ,,wyaldidobis wina periodSi vefxvi Tavs daesxa momvlels da xeli moaglija, Semdeg es qalbatoni saavadmyofoSi moxvda, mogvianebiT ki stiqiis dros daiRupaâ&#x20AC;?. man mogviyva egzotariumSi momxdar SemTxvevazec: ,,arc ise Sxamianma gvelma ukbina egzotariumis kurators. dRes es adamiani aRaraa cocxali, ara gvelis Sxamisgan. Tumca, misi janmrTelobis gauaresebis mizezi SesaZloa, esec yofiliyo.â&#x20AC;?

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Tbilisis zooparki, romelsac ori cxovreba aqvs, damTvaliereblebis raodenobas ar uCivis. turistebi Tu adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi zoologiur parks stumroben da mdidar faunas ecnobian. patara stumrebi TvalebgafarToebulebi akvirdebian cxovelebs, romelTa Sesaxeb aqamde mxolod zRaprebSi waekiTxaT. bednierebi cdiloben yvela detali daimaxsovron, raTa aqedan wasulebma megobrebs gauziaron. sanam Tanamedrove standartebisTvis Tanxa gamoCndeba da zooparki Tbilisis zRvaze srulad gadava, is damTvaliereblebs or misamarTze elodeba. xolo rodis moewyoba srulad axali zoologiuri sivrce, es am dromde ucnobia.

keso boWoriSvili 27

keso boWoriSvili

melano mesxi

gv ax s o vs T u a ra r om ? ! - saint ereso faqt ebi arqi vi d a n saqarTvelos arqivma cxadyo, rom Zalian bevri masala siaxlea. bevri iseTi dokumenti, romelic arqivSi inaxeba, ar aris CvenTvis cnobili,arada,ramden saintereso da ucnob faqtebs itevs es Senoba. rusTavelis gamzirze gaseirnebisas, yvelas yuradRebas iqcevs erTmaneTis sapirispirod aRmarTuli ori Senoba – saqarTvelos parlamenti da qaSueTis wminda giorgis eklesia. Tumca, iSviaTad Tu davfiqrdebiT, rogori iyo es Senoba wlebis win. ra xdeboda am adgilas saukuneebis win? an, ratom SeiZleba davukavSiroT orive maTgani lavrenti berias saxels. Cveni qveynis umaRles

sakanonmdeblo organoSi, sadac qveynisTvis araerTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi wydeboda, taZari iyo agebuli, romelic aleqsandre nevelis saxels atarebda. saarqivo masalebis mixedviT, parlamentis Senobis adgilas, 1871-1897 wlebSi, maSindeli Runibis moedanze mefis ruseTma samxedro “sobori” aaSena, “niSnad rusuli Zlevamosili armiis gamarjvebisa kavkasiazed”. 26 weli mimdinareobda mSenebloba da mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi, qarTvelebi miiCnevdnen, rom es iyo “rusuli TaTi kavkasiis centrSi”. 1921 wlis TebervalSi taZris ezoSi dakrZales saqarTvelos samxedros skolis studentebi, e.w “iunkerebi” romlebic wiTel armiasTan brZolaSi daiRupnen. gadawyda,

rusuli Zalebis gasaneitraleblad daengriaT imJamindeli qaSueTis eklesia, romelic arc Tu ise saxarbielo mdgomareobaSi iyo da mis nacvlad aeSenebinaT axali. aseve, arsebobs versia, rom abano unda aeSenebinaT eklesiis dangrevis Semdeg. rusuli “sobori”, romelic amJamindeli parlamentis adgilas idga me20 saukunis 30-ian wlebSi lavrenti beriam daangria. Pparafsiqologebs miaCniaT, rom im adgilas, sadac eklesia iyo, ar SeiZleba korpusis an sxva raime Senobis aSeneba, ra mizeziTac ar unda dangreuliyo is. xSirad amboben rom, taZris adgilas aSenebuli nebismieri Senoba warumatelobisTvis aris ganwirulio.

swored, lavrenti berias miaweren qaSueTis eklesiis dangrevisgan gadarCenas. Aandro gogolaZis TqmiT (istorikos-arqeologi) – “arsebobs erT-erTi versia, rom Zalzed morwmune qali yofila lavrenti berias deda – marika jayeli. is qaSueTisa da sionis taZrebis mrevli yofila. rodesac kalistrate cincaZes Seatyobines, rom qaSueTis eklesiis adgilas abano unda aeSenebinaT, Zalian danaRvlianda da Sewuxda. am dros dainaxa, rom taZars gars uvlida fexSiSveli marTa jayeli. misTvis uTqvams : Cemo marTa, Semouare qaSueTs, gaisad aRar iqnebao. am ambavma Zalian Seawuxa marTa da moskovSi mokaSiris daxmarebiT berias Setyobineba gaugzavna. misTvis gagzavnili werili ukan dabrunda rezoluciiT : “SeaCereT”- ase gadarCa qaSueTi dangrevas. 1947 wels, uwmindes kalistrates TxovniT lado gudiaSvilma eklesiis moxatva daiwo da mxolod sakurTxevlis moxatva moaswro, romelic dRemde iTvleba erT-erT gamorCeul mxatvrobad gudiaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi. amdenad, gamorCeuli arqiteqturiT, CuqurTmebiT, moxatulobiT, istoriiT, siwmindeebiT qaSueTi silamazis sinTezia, romelsac mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs qalaqis centrSi.

melano mesxi 31

uCa papiaSvili

svaniZis talaxiT dafaruli mdinaris napiri, dazianebuli safexmavlo xidi, Camongreuli sawyobis kedlebi – ukve meoTxe welia, tariel WanturiZis saxlis fanjrebidan es suraTi moCans. manamde ki iyo xalxmravali quCa, uamravi avtomobiliTa da cxovelTa volierebiT. mere iyo 13 ivnisi. Rame, romelic 19 adamianisTvis sabediswero aRmoCnda. maTgan 6 dResac dakargulad iTvleba, 200-ze meti ojaxi ki usaxlkarod darCa. wlebma misi mexsierebidan ver waSala adidebuli mdinare veres mZvinvare xma. saxlis keldebze muq zolad darCenili kvali arc imis daviwyebis saSualebas aZlevs, rom sikvdils TviTonac SemTxveviT gadaurCa. “Cemi saxli, sxvebTan SedarebiT, amaRlebul adgilasaa, magram wylis donem aqamdec amoaRwia da iZulebulebi gavxdiT, saxuravze avsuliyaviT” – gveubneba tariel WanturiZe da ixsenebs mezobelsac, romelic mis Tvalwin ebrZoda stiqias, magram sabolood damarcxda. adamianuri msxverplis garda, materialurma zaralma 50 milion lars gadaaWarba. ganadgurda biznesmen Tamaz elizbaraSvilis ZaRlebis TavSesafari da Sps “elizi jgufis” kuTvnili sawyobebi. adgili, sadac adre patronis gareSe darCenil ZaRlebze zrunavdnen, kvlav cxovelTa TavSeyris obieqtadaa qceuli. Tumca, amjerad, maTTvis saWmeli aRaravis miaqvs. erT dros xmaurSi CaZiruli quCa axla mdumarebam moicva. xidis meore mxares gadasul iSviaT stumars ZaRlebi maleve egebebian yefiT da svaniZis quCis ukidures qveda nawilSi darCenil ramdenime ojaxs amis Sesaxeb amcnoben. tarielis saxlidan mSvenivrad Cans is adgilic, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis kuTvnilebaSi iyo. adgili, sadac Tsu-is hidrometeorologiuri saswavlo-samecniero laboratoria mdebareobda. axla iq nangrevebis meti aRaraferia. jer kidev 2016 wlis aprilSi dagegmili mSenebloba, romlis farglebSic axali saswavlo-samecniero laboratoria unda hqonoda universitets, kvlav iniciativis doneze rCeba. Tema universitetis amJamindeli reqtorisa da Tbilisis merisTvis kvlav gansaxilvel sakiTxTa siaSia. laboratoriis mniSvnelobaze saubrobda dawesebulebis direqtori zurab alaverdaSvili. misi gancxadebiT, aucilebelia gagrZeldes mdinareze dakvirvebis 53-wliani rigi: “mdinare veres hidrologiuri reJimis Semswavleli laboratoria is adgilia, sadac meteofaqtorebze mimdinareobda dakvirveba. garda amisa, geografebisa da geolgebisTvis hidrologiuri kursis praqtikuli nawili swored am laboratoriaSi iswavleboda”. adidebulma veres talRebma gaanadgura laboratoriasTan mowyobili saguSago hidrometriuli xidic, romelic mdinaris doneebis TviTmweri danadgariT iyo aRWurvili. miRebuli monacemebi, garda saswavlo funqciisa, eZleoda saqarTvelos garemos erovnul saagentos. logikuria, aRniSnuli danadgari umniS-

vnelovanesi iaraRi iyo msgavsi katastrofebis prevenciisaTvis. Canawerebidan irkveva, rom mdinare veres xeoba manamdec araerTxel daitbora. 1960 wlis wyalmovardnas ukavSirdeba hidrometeologiuri saswavlo-samecniero laboratoriis Seqmnac, romlis drosac, sacxovrebeli saxlebis garda, daitbora Tbilisis zooparkic. mdinareze Catarebul kvlevevSi didi wvlili miuZRvis givi svaniZes, romlis saxelsac dRes quCa atarebs. Tbilisis wyaldidobebis istorias Tu gadavxedavT, es problema dedaqalaqs saukuneze metia, rac awuxebs. arqivi 1895 wliT daTariRebul fotoebs inaxavs. amis Semdeg ki yvelaze didi wyaldidoba 1960 wlis 4 ivliss daatyda Tavs veres xeobas. specialistTa varaudiT, wyalmovardnis mizezi 1958 wels aSenebuli vake-saburTalos gvirabis Caxergva gaxda. iseve, rogorc 2015 wlis 13 ivniss adidebulma mdinarem xeobasTan erTad datbora Tbilisis zooparkic, ris Sedegadac daixoca cxovelTa umetesoba. 80 wlis eva zulbuliZe 1960 wlidan svaniZis quCaze cxovrobs. wlebis manZilze wyaldidoba sul 2-jer axsovs, magram 2015 wlis 13-ma ivnisma masSi mogonebebTan erTad SiSi Canerga. “ra droc ar unda gavides, yoveli wvimis dros is Rame maxsendeba da SiSis grZnoba mi pyrobs, daviwyeba minda, magram TbilisSi xSirad wvims” , – ambobs is. vake-saburTalos damakavSirebeli gvirabi dRes gawmendilia. teqnikac mudmivadaa mobilizebuli, Tumca, eqsperTa SefasebiT, safrTxe kvlav realuria. mdinareze kvlevebi aRar tardeba, rac risks ufro metad zrdis. meoTxe welia, tarielis ojaxisTvis Semosavlis wyaro, mxolod da mxolod, patara wisqvilia. manamde ki iyo mcire biznesi da hidrometeologiur laboratoriebSi Catarebul kvlevebSi miRweuli warmatebebi. Ees yvelaferi ki erTma saRamom Tavdayira daayena - wynari wvima xmaurma Secvala. Semdeg iyo yvirili, mdinare veres azvirTebuli talRebi da 14 ivnisis dila, romelic misTvis karis mezoblis gareSe gaTenda. yovelTvis, roca im Rameze saubrobs, ixsenebs givi svaniZis sityvebs, romelic xSirad saubrobda mosalodnel stiqiaze, Tu mdinaris napirTan raime saxis dabrkoleba eqneboda dinebas. mis rekomendaciebs rac Seexeba, faqtia, es ukanaskneli ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, roca mdinare veres napirze ZaRlebis TavSesafris mSenebloba daiwyo. wlebi gadis, magram Tbiliss 13 ivnisi arasdros daaviwydeba. TbiliselebisaTvis, im ojaxebisaTvis romelTac sakuTar Tavze gadaitanes stiqia da SiSveli xelebiT SeebrZolnen adidebul mdinares, yovelTvis darCeba tragikul da sabediswero TariRad. verc tarieli daiviwyebs im wuTebs, romelmac misi cxovreba radikalurad Secvala. axla ki isRa darCenia, yoveldRiurad estumros adgils, sadac wlebis ganmavlobaSi udidesi Sroma Cado im imediT, rom odesRac sayvarel saqmianobas kvlav daubrundeba.

uCa papiaSvili

rodesac mTavari gzidan vuxvevT...

Tbilisi – qalaqi milionze meti mcxovrebiTa da ufro meti damTvalierebliT. dRis ganmavlobaSi maTi umravlesoba centralur quCebze, gamzirebsa da moednebze iyris Tavs. swored aqaa ganTavsebuli savaWro Tu gasarTobi centrebi, sastumroebi, kafeebi da restornebi, galereebi da muzeumebi. mokled, yvelaferi, rac gvizidavs, mogvwons an gvWirdeba. am quCebze yoveldRe davdivarT, an piradi survilebisa da moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad, an im valdebulebebis gamo, romlebic swavlas, samsaxurs an Cveni cxovrebis sxva mniSvnelovan movlenas ukavSirdeba. yoveldRiurobis ferxulSi CarTulni, ukve miCveulebi varT gadatvirTul quCebs, xmaursa da qaoss. yoveldRe erTsa da imave gzas vtkepniT da mxolod maSin, rodesac zebra gadasasvlels vWriT, instiqturad gavxedavT xolme paraleluri quCis asaxvevs, fiqriT, netav iq ra xdebao. Tumca, xSirad, drois uqonlobis an ubralod sizarmacis gamo, isev mTavar gzas mivuyvebiT da ar vwyvetT ferxulis mwkrivs. da mainc, ra xdeba, rodesac mTavari gzidan gadavuxvevT? rodesac paraleluri quCis asaxvevs Tamamad avuyvebiT? rodesac rutinas varRvevT da spontanurobas mivendobiT? Tavdapirvelad, ucnauri SegrZneba gveufleba, radgan arc saboloo daniSnulebis adgili viciT da arc mizani am “gadaxvevisa”. Tumca mainc ar vwyvetT siaruls da arc navigaciis sistemas vrTavT smartfonSi, raTa ukeT gavikvlioT gza. maleve vamCnevT uCveulo simSvides, rac yvela im quCis saerToa, romelic xmauriani gamzirebis paralelurad mdebareobs. trotuarze siarulisas fexebSi aravin gvedeba, radgan garSemo bevri aravin dadis. mxolod amave quCis mcxovreblebi – maRaziaSi puris sayidlad gamosulebi an skolidan saxlSi mimavali moswavleebi. arsaidan misulebi maT yoveldRiurobas vakvirdebiT. viWyitebiT sadarbazoebSi, sadac Cveuli nacrisferi kedlebi ar gvxvdeba. maTi karebi ki, romlebic Semkulia sxvadasxva CuqurTmiTa da ornamentiT, xelovnebis nimuSis tolfasia.

magda cercvaZe

kalistrate cincaZis quCa - sadarbazos kari

lado asaTianis quCa - sadarbazos Weri

magda cercvaZe

patara ezoebSi, romlebic kargi amindis dros savsea bavSvebis JriamuliT. vakvirdebiT Zveli Senobis moCuqurTmebul fanjrebsa da aivnebs, sadac an sarecxs fenen, an ubralod salaparakod gamosulan qalebi. vuyurebT am yovelives da TiTqos namdvil qalaqur cxovrebas SevigrZnobT. Tumca arc maTTvis varT SeumCnevlebi, radgan eucxovebaT ase uazrod mosiarule adamianebi. gansxvavebiT centraluri quCebisa, romlebic Tavs iwoneben Tanamedrove an restavrirebuli SenobebiT, paraleluri quCebze vxvdebiT uamrav mouvlel nagebobas. Zveli Senobebis kedlebi dabzaruli, WuWyiani an sxvadasxva warweriTaa â&#x20AC;&#x153;moxatuliâ&#x20AC;?. Tumca es ukanaskneli yovelTvis rodi amaxinjebs Senobebs, piriqiT, isini SeiZleba gamoacocxlos kidec. aseve, aRsaniSnavia, rom quCis mxatvroba, an warwera raime sakiTxze, protestis gamoxatvis saSualebacaa.

beTlemis quCa aziuri stilis arqiteqtura

ivane javaxiSvilis quCa mouvleli da daufasebeli

magda cercvaZe

gomis quCa - Zveli da mouvleli saxlebi

magda cercvaZe

yvelafris miuxedavad, dakvirvebuli Tvali mainc SeamCnevs Zveli quCebis sidiades, rasac aseve amtkicebs yovel meore Senobaze gamokruli memorialuri dafebi. isini ki sxvadasxva cnobili adamianis sacxovrebel saxlebze migvaniSnebs. aqa-iq axal da Selamazebul Senobebsac vawydebiT, maT fonze ki kontrasti kidev ufro SesamCnevia. am quCebze ramdenime kilometrs ise gavdivarT, rom verc ki vamCnevT, radgan ufro metad gantvirTvaa es siaruli, vidre daRla. Tumca centraluri quCebidan moRweuli sayvirebisa da signalebis xma mainc gvaxsenebs yoveldRiurobas Tavisi valdebulebebiTa da movaleobebiT. ukve lampionebiT ganaTebul quCebSi kidev ufro cota xalxi moZraobs, rac Cvenc gvaniSnebs, rom saxlSi wasvlis droa. Tumca am yvelafris naxvisa da SegrZnebis Semdeg, rTulia gareubnis betonis junglebs daubrunde.

mixeil winamZRvriSvilis quCa kolau nadiraZis saxli magda cercvaZe

magda cercvaZe 37

revaz TabukaSvilis quCa Zveli da axali

magda cercvaZe

rusTavelis Teatris Sesasvleli - protesti

magda cercvaZe

merab papaSvili

Tbilisis urbanuli politika dro midis, mis mier datovebuli kvali ki rCeba. istoriuli memkvidreobis mniSvnelobaSi msoflio ramdenime kviris win kidev erTxel darwmunda. parizis RvTismSoblis taZarSi gaCenilma xanZarma kvlav Segvaxsena, rom kulturuli memkvidreoba TiToeuli qveynis simdidrea - is simdidre, romelic mas gamorCeuls xdis. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi adamianebi fiqrobdnen, Tu rogor unda ecxovraT ferad, saintereso garemoSi da rogor unda yofiliyvnen istoriis Semoqmedni. isini aSenebdnen TavianT saxlebs, quCebsa da qalaqebs, am gziT ki TiToeul agurs adebdnen erT saerTo saqmeze. rac Tbiliss dampyroblebma ver daakles, aTwleulebis Semdeg Tavad mosaxleobam daumata. mravali omisa da naRmebiT ganadgurebis Semdeg, qalaqi maleve gaxda adamianis TviTneburi nabijebis msxverpli. am saukuneSi Riad daviwyeT imis keTeba, rac gvsurda, vaSenebdiT iq, sadac gvindoda da, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, amis gakeTebas arc aravin gviSlida. mTavari ubedurebac swored aqedan daiwyo. Tbilisi sul ramdenime welSi betonis junglebs daemsgavsa da es mxolod imis gamo, rom mesveurebma amaze ar ifiqres, an ifiqres, magram saTanadod ara. dRes ki, rodesac fanjris gamoRebis Semdeg sxvis saZinebel oTaxSi Cvendauneburad vixedebiT, an ubralod sunTqva gviWirs, mivxvdiT, rom ase gagrZeleba ubralod aRar SeiZleba. Tbilisis samSeneblo politika xSirad xdeboda urTierTbraldebebisa da politikuri interesebis sagani. wina xelisuflebis dros opozicia mudam amtkicebda, rom saxelmwifos urbanuli politika yovelgvar zRvars scdeboda da qalaqis iersaxes vnebda. arasamTavrobo organizaciebi gamodiodnen moxsenebebiT da akritikebdnen Tbilisis meriis politikas, magram, rogorc wesi, amas Sedegi ar mohqonda. miuxedavad imisa, rom Tbilisis istoriul ubanTan aSenebuli Senobebi maleve ikavebdnen msoflios wamyvani gamocemebis gverdebs, yvela xvdeboda, rom qaoturi mSeneblobebi male qalaqis iersaxes srulad Secvlida. iqamde arsebuli politika arc momdevno wlebSi Seicvala. saxelmwifo isev ugulebelyofda sazogadoebriv dakveTas da, swori ganviTarebis nacvlad, arCevans biznesinteresebze akeTebda. wlebis ganmavlobaSi isev mougvarebeli rCeboda qaoturi mSeneblobebi, grZeldeboda qalaqis centrSi arsebuli reliefisTvis ucxo, maRalsarTuliani Senobebis aSeneba, korpusebis korpusebze midgma da am yvelafrisTvis uamravi jansaRi xis moWra. TbilisSi arsebul urbanul problemebze saubari mas Semdeg ganaxlda, rac Tanainvestirebis fondma ,,panorama Tbilisis” mSenebloba daiwyo. arasamaTavrobo organizaciebis nawili maSinve Riad daupirispirda am proeqts da mas qalaqis urbanuli genocidic ki uwoda. am yvelafers ki isic arTulebs, rom mSenebloba sakmaod did farTobze, Tbilisis istoriul nawilSi mimdinareobs.

asea Tu ise, Tbilisis urbanuli ganviTarebis politikas mudam akritikebdnen. iyo ramdenime mcdeloba, Seqmniliyo specialuri dokumenti, romelic am politikis TiToeul nabijs gansazRvravda. sabolood, 2019 wels miviReT Tbilisis ganviTarebis generaluri gegma, romelic garkveul CarCoSi aqcevs TbilisSi mimdinare mSeneblobas, magram mainc tovebs pasuxgaucemel kiTxvebs. miwaTsargeblobis generaluri gegma gansazRvravs Tbilisis urbanul ganviTarebas momdevno 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi. imas, rom dRes arsebuli kanonmdebloba didi problemaa, ,,Tbilisis hamqris” wevri cira elisaSvilic gvidasturebs. is ambobs, rom dRes dedaqalaqi uamravi gamowvevis winaSe dgas. ,,mTavari gamowvevebi TbilisisTvis aris, ra Tqma unda, haeris dabinZureba, gaumarTavi transporti, reabilitirebul arealebSi sarestavracio meTodologiis ugulebelyofa da arasakmarisi an xarvezebiani sakanonmdeblo CarCo, romelic ver uzrunvelyofs swor urbanul ganviTarebas”, - ambobs elisaSvili. cira elisaSvili axladdamtkicebul generalur gegmazec gvesaubra da aRniSna, rom Tbilisis merias bevri mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba aqvs misaRebi. ,,es ar unda iqces mkvdar dokumentad, risi magaliTebic gvaqvs. generaluri gegmis arseboba pirveli nabijia, mas gagrZelebebi unda mohyves pre/konservaciis gegmebis Sedgenis saxiT. problemuria teritoriebi, sadac gacemulia samSeneblo nebarTvebi, maSin, roca, generaluri gegmis mixedviT, satyeo an landSafturi zona adevs. aq misaRebia politikuri gadawyvetilebebi qalaqis interesebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT. meriam unda mimarTos gamosyidvis an kompensirebis politikas”, - gviTxra cira elisaSvilma. gegmis erT-erTi avtori, merab bolqvaZe ambobs, rom qalaqi aRniSnuli gegmiT swor gzas daadgeba da nebismieri darRveva gakontroldeba. ,,generaluri gegmis mTavari mizani qalaqis kompaqturobisa da ganaSenianebis konturebis dacvaa. aseve, gareganviTarebis Sezudva. qalaqs aqvs ganviTarebis Sida resursi, magram es ar niSnavs, rom Cven Senobebs Soris Senobebis Cadgmas vemxrobiT. aq saubaria gaCerebul sawarmo teritoriebze”, - ambobs bolqvaZe. misive TqmiT, qalaqis ganviTarebis am gegmiT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mwvane zolebs mieqceva, romelTa umetesobas bolo wlebSi didi ziani miadga. ,,axlandeli gegmiT yvela mwvane adgili unda iyos daculi, bunebam unda isunTqos. qalaqgegmarebiTi politika cota agresiuli unda iyos, Cven unda ganvaviTaroT aseTi sivrceebi. aseT sivrceebs unda hqondes sistemuri xasiaTi”, - ambobs merab bolqvaZe. Tbiliss, rogorc mravalsaukunovan qalaqs bevri problema gadautania. man dRemde SeZlo da mogvitana misi mdidari da amayi warsuli. qalaqis xelisuflebebs ki, romelTa prioritetebi xSir SemTxvevaSi xalxis interesebs scdeba, meti dafiqreba da pasuxismgebloba marTebT. Cveni dRevandeli nabijebi iqneba imis Sedegi, rasac momavali Taobebi miiReben.

merab papaSvili 41

nawili

muzeumebi

propaganda 15 metris siRrmidan

irma kurtaniZe

albaT, cotam Tu icis, rom Tbilisis istoriul ubanSi, avlabarSi mdebare erTi SexedviT Cveulebriv saxlSi, 116 wlis win yvelasgan farulad, 15 metris siRrmeSi bolSevikebi revoluciisTvis emzadebodnen. dRes kaspis quCaze am saxlTan axlos ZiriTadad ucxoel turistebs SexvdebiT, romlebic GGoogle-is rukisa da adgilobrivebis daxmarebiT stalinis aralegaluri stamba-muzuemis saxeliT cnobil Senobas eZeben. iatakqveSa stambis mTavar Sesasvlel Sav karze wiTel da oqrosfer ferebSi sabWoTa simbolikaa gamosaxuli. swored am karis gaRebisas moxvdebiT aralegaluri stambis samuzeumo nawilSi, romelic, faqtobrivad, iseTive iersaxiTaa SemorCenili, rogoric rva aTeuli wlis win sabWoTa xelisuflebam Seqmna. adgilze misul damTvalierebels gidobas xSir SemTxvevaSi rusudan CikvilaZe uwevs. radgan am adgils yvelaze xSirad evropisa da aziis qveynebidan stumroben, gids qarTul-rusuliTa da Jestebis gamoyenebiT uwevs im istoriis gacocxleba, romelic kaspis quCis 7 nomerSi 1903-1906 wlebSi viTardeboda. saqarTveloSi aralegaluri stambis aSeneba ruseTis social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis komitetis wevrs mixeil boWoriZes daevala. mkacrad gasaidumloebuli proeqtisTvis boWoriZem megobris, daviT rostomaSvilis, miwis nakveTi SearCia. maSindel Tbilisis gamgeobaSi erTsarTuliani sacxovrebeli saxlisa da ezoSi Wis asaSeneblad proeqti Seitanes da mSeneblobis nebarTvac martivad miiRes. rostomaSvilis miwaze, erTi SexedviT, Cveulebrivi sacxovrebeli saxli aSenda, romlis ezoSi wylisTvis Wa iyo mowyobili,

irma kurtaniZe

Tumca, am Cveulebrivi saxlis siRrmeSi erTmaneTTan damakavSirebeli gvirabebi da aralegaluri saqmianobisTvis saWiro yvela piroba iyo Seqmnili. saxlis sqema ase gamoiyureboda: saidumlo oTaxSi moxvedra WiT iyo SesaZlebeli. es iyo mTavari damakavSirebeli gza iatakqveSa stambasTan. Wis kedlebze gamoWrili safexurebisa da Tokis daxmarebiT nel-nela 14,7 metris siRrmeSi Cadiodnen, Semdeg marcxena mxares 4,2-metrian gvirabSi gadiodnen, saidanac 8-metriani rkinis kibiT zemoT adiodnen da kavkasiaSi stambis dResdReobiT yvelaze Zvel danadgarTan xvdebodnen. augsburgSi 1893 wels damzadebuli sabeWdi manqana bolSevikebma 1900 wels jer baqos aralegalur stambaSi, 1903 wels ki baqodan TbilisSi malulad, nawilebad daSlili Camoitanes. swored misi saSualebiT daibeWda 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi saerTo jamSi 273,715 proklamacia, gazeTi Tu broSura qarTul, rusul da somxur enebze. dabeWdili masala saidumlo oTaxis Weridan ahqondaT, romelic erTsarTuliani saxlis qveda sasadilo oTaxSi adioda. rogorc wesi, specialuri Wrili miwiT iyo amovsebuli da mas mxolod inventaris an axali nabeWdi literaturis gatanis saWiroebisas niCbebiT Txridnen, Semdeg ki kvalis dasafarad isev miwiT avsebdnen. propagandistul masalebs saxlis mcxovreblebi uremze, savaWro produqtebSi malavdnen da ise gahqondaT ezodan, ris Semdegac propagandistuli ideebiT gaJRenTili furclebi, garda saqarTvelos qalaqebisa, sazRvrebs gareT azerbaijanSi, somxeTSi, ruseTSi, safrangeTSi, inglissa da sxva qveynebSi vrceldeboda.

irma kurtaniZe

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori, Tamar belqania, romelsac arqivTan muSaobis mravalwliani gamocdileba aqvs da amasaTanave wignis ,,stalinuri kulturis!-s“ avtoria, bolSevikebis mier mediis, rogorc propagandis iaraRad gamoyenebasa da saqarTvelos iatakqveSa stambis strategiul mniSvnelobaze saubrobs. „bolSevikebi Zalian kargad acnobierebdnen, ra geografiul masStabze unda gasuliyvnen, warmoidgineT 15 mokavSire respublika gansxvavebuli kulturuli, religiuri, eTno ti paJiT. maTi konsolidaciisTvis saWiro iyo tribuna, iseTi tribuna, romelic miscemda maT SesaZleblobas, rom am adamianebis gonebamde misuliyvnen, gulSi Casuliyvnen da TavianTi ideis tiraJireba moexdinaT. saWiro iyo gamtari, romelic am ideebs Tezisebad daalagebda da gamartivebuli eniT miitanda adamianebamde es iyo media. maT Zalian kargad icodnen mediasemiotika. yvela segmentis adamianisTvis arsebobda gazeTi, iSviaTi iyo masSi koreqtura gaparuliyo. imdenad kargad icodnen propaganda da informaciiT sociumis konstruireba, rom maT gadawyvites, adamianebs warsuli daviwyebodaT da SeeqmnaT saerTo saxelmwifo, sabWoTa moqalaqe, sabWoTa kultura da sabWoTa civilizacia. amis gasakeTeblad ki media gamoiyenes. stambis adgilis SerCevis mxriv, unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom saqarTvelo strategiulad Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo kavkasiaSi, radgan is aris kavkasiis Suaguli ara geografiulad, aramed imis gamo, rom saqarTveloSi mSvidobianad Tanacxovrobs ori gansxvavebuli kultura, religiuri mravalferovnebaa, aq mravalsaukunovani megobroba gvakavSirebs ebraelebTan. erT ezoSi cxovroben somxebi, azerbaijanelebi, iezidebi, Turqebi da sxv. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelo mainc tonis mimcemi iyo am kavkasieli xalxisTvis, amitom saqarTveloSi stambis mowyoba masalebis - somxur, azerbaijanul, rusul da TavisTavad, qarTul enaze dasabeWdad strategiulad sworad SeirCa“, - aRniSnavs Tamar belqania. strategiulad sworad SerCeul avlabris iatakqveSa stambaze maSindelma Jandarmeriam eWvi araerTxel miitana. iqidan gamomdinare, rom stamba mudmivi muSaobis procesSi iyo, saWiro iyvnen adamianebi, romlebic safrTxis moaxloebas stambaSi momuSaveebs dauyovnebliv acnobebdnen. swored am mizniT erTsarTulian saxlSi ori diasaxlisi cxovrobda. maTi oTaxebi ise iyo mowyobili, rom fanjara pirdapir gare perimetrs gahyurebda. safrTxis SemTxvevaSi ki isini fanjris qveS damontaJebuli specialuri Rilakis saSualebiT saidumlo oTaxSi myofebs „gangaSis“ zars aZlevdnen. rogorc stamba-muzeumis gidi, rusudan CikvilaZe yveba, 1906 wlis 15 aprils Jandarmebma saxls alya Semoartyes, Cxrekisas WaSi cecxlmokidebuli qaRaldi Caagdes da rodesac ali gverdiT gvirabSi gauCinarda, saxlis saidumloebasac farda aexada. Jandarmeriam teritoria gadawva da danadgarebi gaanadgura. mogvianebiT, sabWoTa xelisuflebam 1937 wels kaspis quCaze mdebare saxls restavracia Cautara da kvlav Tavisi propagandistuli miznebisTvis, axla ukve muzeumad aqcia. imis Semdeg dRemde, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom adgilze araferi Secvlila. gvirabebSi isev Zveli rkinis kibis nawilebia darCenili, kavkasiaSi uZveles sabeWd danadgars Jangi aqvs mokidebuli. dResdReobiT aq mosuli damTvaliereblebi saidumlo oTaxSi swored 1937 wels gakeTebuli rkinis kibiT Cadian. saxlTan axlos samuzeumo darbazi ki sabWoTa liderebis biustebiT, fotoebiTa da lozungebiTaa savse. aqvea SemorCenili im literaturis nawilic, romelic saukunis win am saxlis siRrmeSi ibeWdeboda. adgilze misul stumrebs avlabris stambis mSenebelTa, diasaxlisTa da asoTamwyobTa fotoebis naxvac SeuZliaT. garda vizualuri mxarisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom muzeumad qceul stambaSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi damTvaliereblebisTvis miwodebuli informaciis konteqstic TiTqmis ar Secvlila. aq mtkiced sjeraT, rom sabWoTa periodi bevri sikeTis momtani iyo. aseTive ganwyobiT uxsnian ucxoel stumrebs am adgilis istoriasac.

marTalia, stamba muzeumis saxeliTaa cnobili, magram mas am etapze muzeumis statusi ar aqvs, Tumca miniWebuli aqvs kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglis statusi. misi direqtori „saqarTvelos erTiani komunisturi partiis“ Tavmjdomaris moadgile, 78 wlis Jiuli siymaSvilia. stambis monaxuleba aq mosuli stumrebisTvis ufasoa, Tumca survilis mixedviT, SegiZliaT Semowirulobis saxiT nebismieri raodenobis Tanxa datovoT. SemowirulobiT Segrovili Tanxa, rogorc stambis TanamSromelma, rusudan CikvilaZem ganmarta, sabanko angariSze grovdeba da samomavlod muzeums moxmardeba. miuxedavad stambis arasaxarbielo mdgomareobisa, siZvele swored is erTerTi maxasiaTebelia, romelic tur-

irma kurtaniZe

istebs izidavs da am adgils maTTvis ufro sainteresosa da idumals xdis. Tamar belqanias azriT, stambis, rogorc qveynis istoriis nawilis arseboba mniSvnelovania. „arasworia, rodesac raRacas Sli gonebidan, warsuls ver waSli, Tu ar gaqvs gaazrebuli da Tavis adgili miCenili. es stamba unda iyos SenarCunebuli iseTi, rogoric iyo, magram is sworad unda warvadginoT. unda vTqvaT, rom es iyo istoria, romelic ki ar gvesircxvileba, aramed istoria, romelic gamoviareT. es iyo iZulebiTi 70-wliani totalitaruli reJimi, romelsac gadaurCa saqarTvelo da is unda iyos Sefasebuli da araviTar SemTxvevaSi damtvreuli da gadagdebuli. me vfiqrob, rom yvelafers unda

gavufrTxildeT, amasac unda gavufrTxildeT, unda SevinaxoT, SevafasoT da yovelTvis Tvalsawierze unda iyos, rogor ar vicxovroT, rogori saxelmwifo ar SevqmnaT, rogor ar davimorCiloT adamianis goneba, ar movaxdinoT zewola mediiT. Cven memkvidre varT im periodis. periodis rodesac aralegaluri stamba Seiqmna, roca xelisuflebaSi am revoluciuri mediiT movidnen“, - ambobs belqania. avlabris iatakqveSa aralegaluri stamba is adgilia, romelic saintereso istorias inaxavs da bevr adamianze gansakuTrebul STabeWdilebas tovebs. es emociebi ki iqve dadgmul sqeltanian wignSi sxvadasxva enaze gakeTebul Canawerebs Soris samudamod aisaxeba.

irma kurtaniZe

relikvia Ria cis qveS

maka juReli

Zvelmanebis bazroba TbilisSi sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, 1990-ian wlebSi gaCnda, risi mizezic gauaresebuli socialuri mdgomareoba gaxda. Tbiliselebs aqamde nagrovebi Zvirfasi Tu ubralo nivTebis gareT gamotana da gayidva mouwiaT. maTi TavSesafari im droidan dRemde e.w. mSrali xidia. Tu kargi amindia, aq Tqven aucileblad SexvdebiT bevri ferisa Tu saxis Zvel, ucnaur da tradiciul nivTebs, romlebsac gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT akvirdebian rogorc adgilobrivi, ise ucxoeli turistebi da koleqcionerebi. amiT isini Cveni qveynis yofis, kulturisa da istoriis Secnobas cdiloben, xSirad ki maTi dasakuTrebac xiblavT. Tu maT romelime maTgani monusxavs an daainteresebT, yidvasac Seecdebian. aq fasi ucnauri princi piT meryeobs - mniSneloba aqvs ara siZveles, aramed gamyidvelis subieqtur damokidebulebas, Tqvens erovnebas, Sesaxedaobas da sxvas. Tumca, Tu gagimarTlaT, SesaZloa Zalian Zvirfasi nivTi TqvenTvis misaReb fasad SeiZinoT. gamyidvelebi aq rogorc sakuTar, ise Cabarebul nivTebs yidian. es maTTvis ukve ramdenime aTeuli welia Tavis rCenis saukeTeso saSualebaa. marTalia, es saqmianoba cudi ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamo daiwyes, magram dRes umetesobisTvis ZvelmanebiT vaWroba Semosavlis kargi wyaroa. ,,mSral xids” Tamamad SegviZlia ,,sabWoTa kavSiris muzeumi’’ vuwodoT. aq Tqven SexvdebiT iseT Zvel sabWour nivTebs, rogorebicaa: stalinis naxatebi - moCuqurTmebul, mdidrul elferismatarebel CarCoebSi, sabWoTa fuli, xis Cibuxi da Wogriti, generlis varskvlavebiani samxreebi, muqi mwvane da yavisferi qudebi, tyavis Txeli CanTebi, omisdroindeli medlebi. raRa Tqma unda, am yvelafers ssrk-s namgalisa da uros simbolo eqneba datanili. Zvelmanebis bazrobaze arc qarTvelTa kultura da yofaa yuradRebis miRma darCenili. aq Tqven naxavT qarTul tradiciul sasmisebs, sxvadasxva zomisa Tu formis qviTa da TvlebiT mopirkeTebul yanwebs, e.w gansxvavebuls, standartulze didi zomis vercxlisfer da oqrosfer Wiqebs. TiToeul Wiqas ZvelqarTuli warwerebi aqvs da vazis mtevnebiTa Tu foTlebiTaa mopirkeTebuli. aseve, SegxvdebaT qarTuli sabrZolo iaraRi, xmlebi mefeebis saxelebiT, Zvirfasi qvebiTa da ornamentebiT Semkobili, ramdenime saukunisa Tu aTeuli wlis winandeli didgvarovanTa nivTebi, qalbatonebis wvril-wvrili, feradi yvavilebiT moxatuli gulsamagrebi, beWdebi, TvlebiT mopirkeTebuli sarke da

savarcxeli, movercxlil-mooqrovili kovzebi moskovisa da leningradis peizaJebiT da maTTan erTad e.w. madonas servizi. Tu is adre ojaxis keTildReobaze metyvelebda, dRes Ria cis qveSaa gamofenili. ,,mSrali xidi’’ fotografebisTvis mematianec ki SeiZleba iyos. aq Tqven saSualeba gaqvT fotoaparatebis evolucia erTi Tvalis gadavlebiT ixiloT. naxevar saukuneze mets iTvlis aq warmodgenili ,,qenonisa’’ da ,,nikonis’’ brendebi, rusuli ,,zeniti’’, iaponuri ,,nikoreqsi’’, germanuli ,,kontaqsi’’ da sxva. yuradRebas i pyrobs, aseve, ,,Zvelmani’’ musikis firfitebic: jenis joplini, ,,led zepelini”, ,,airon meideni”, nina simone, ,,biTlzi’’ da sxv. aq kvlav agrZeleben TavianTi epoqis xibliT arsebobas. wvrili sinis Robeebi, trotuarebi da xis skamebi feradi peizaJebiTa da portretebiTaa dafaruli. da Tu mSrali xidis erTi nawili Zvelmanebis bazrobas gvTavazobs, meore naxatebiT e.w mxatvrebis quCaze Tbilisis ,,Zvelman’’ arqiteqturas, quCebsa da xedebs warmogvidgens. magaliTad, CiTis kabebSi gamowyobil qalebs dabalaivnian saxlebSi, romlis qvemoTac qviT mopirkeTebuli Zveli viwro quCa gadis. naxatebTan axlos dainaxavT mxatvrebs, ZiriTadad sigaretiT xelSi da imis imediT, rom dRes ,,rame iqneba’’. maTgan erT-erTi ki malxaz nozaZea, romelic aucileblad dagxvdebaT momRimari, lurji TvalebiT da ambebs mogiyvebaT. 10 welze metia, rac aq naxatebs yidis. ambobs, rom kviraSi erTi naxati Tu gaiyida, isic bevria misTvis. malxazis namuSevrebs ZiriTadad ucxoelebi yiduloben, amitom wuxs, rom qarTvelebi naklebad afaseben xelovnebas. epoqis kvali naxatebSic igrZnoba. martivad SeamCnevT fanqriT Sesrulebul stalinis portrets, romlis avtoric erT-erTi mxatvari da moyvaruli fotografi, rogorc Tavad ambobs, ,,soloRaSvilis Tavadis kacia”. is saSualo simaRlisaa da WaRara ulvaSi zeda tuCs ufaravs. wlebia, aq naxatebs yidis. stalini misTvis ,,didi beladia’’. ambobs, rom man qarTvel xalxs aCvena, Tu ra aris saxelmwifoebrioba, qarTvelebi ki ver afaseben ,,belads”. Tumca, miuxedavad mxatvris aseTi madlierebisa, igi stalinis naxats aT larad afasebs. meoce saukunidan dRemde mSrali xidi rCeba erTaderT adgilad saqarTveloSi, sadac Ria cis qveS ubralo gaseirnebiT SeiZleba qveynis warsulSi mogzauroba, qarTvelTa piradi istoriebis mosmena da Zveli kulturisa da yofis naSTebis naxva.

maka juReli 53

maka juReli

maria bedoSvili

legendebiT

savse

muzeumi

„moCvenebebis sasaxle“, „erTi Ramis sasaxle“, „siyvarulis sasaxle“, „qarTuli luvri“ – es im saxelebis CamonaTvalia, romelic Tbilisis erT-erT yvelaze lamaz Senobas ukavSirdeba. Senobis, romelSic dRes saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinos da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumia ganTavsebuli. mas SemoklebiT „xelovnebis sasaxlesac“ uwodeben. muzeumis gare fasadiT aRfrTovanebul damTvalierebels arc interieri gaucruebs imeds. Senobis SigniT uamravi saintereso nivTi inaxeba, maT Sorisaa: XVII saukunis ferweris nimuSebi, sparsuli miniaturebi, qarTvel SemoqmedTa piradi werilebi, xelnawerebi da Teatraluri kostiumebi. Senoba kargareTelis quCaze mdebareobs da cnobilia Tavisi sasiyvarulo legendebiT. nageboba, oficialuri cnobebiT, 1895 wels aris aSenebuli. sasaxles rekonstruqcia ramdenjerme Cautarda. rekonstruqciis kvals monaxulebisas aucileblad SeamCnevT. rogorc cnobilia, Senoba grafma oldenburgma SeiZina Tavisi sayvarlis, Tbilisis erT-erT yvelaze gamorCeul qalbaton agrafina jafariZe-dadianisTvis (tariel dadianis yofili meuRle), romelic momavalSi misi meuRle gaxda. sasaxlis aSenebis Sesaxeb araerTi gadmocema arsebobs. swored istoriebi xdis Senobas gansakuTrebuls. erT-erTis Tanaxmad, 1995 wels cnobilma ungrelma mxatvarma mixai ziCma agrafina jafariZe naxa, Zalian moewona da SesTavaza „vefxistyaosnis“ cocxal suraTebSi mieRo monawileoba. agrafinas suraTebis sanaxavad Tbilisuri inteligen-

cia midioda, am sanaxaobas grafi oldenburgic daeswro. oldenburgma naxa agrafina jafariZe da imdenad moewona, rom masTan erTi Ramis gatareba moindoma. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, agrafina am faqtma Zalian gaanawyena. istoria ki damTavrda imiT, rom grafma oldenburgma tariel dadians 1 milioni oqros Tumanic ki SesTavaza, rom misTvis daeTmo meuRle, amitom am sasaxles „erTi Ramis sasaxlesac“ uwodeben. meore versiiT, ki grafma oldenburgma tariel dadians nardSi mougo agrafinasTan erTi Ramis gatareba, razec TbilisSi Seiqmna cnobili leqsi: „tarielma princs misca agrafina kiskisao”. ucnobia am legendebidan romelia namdvili, magram faqti erTia, rom sabolood agrafina mainc graf oldenburgis meuRle gaxda.

sasaxlis istoriaze daarsebul legendebze muzeumis direqtori giorgi kalandia dawvrilebiT gvesaubreba:

maria bedoSvili

- rogorc cnobilia muzeums „erTi Ramis sasaxlis“ garda sxva saxelebic aqvs. saidan modis es saxelebi? - rogorc iciT, TqmulebebiT savsea es Senoba. sasaxlis Sesaxeb ori azri arsebobs, erTi siyvarulis koSks exeba, romelic cota mogvianebiT miaSenes da meore- moCvenebebs. pirvel SemTxvevaSi, grafma sasaxles koSki mogvianebiT miaSena, oficialuri qorwinebis arqonis gamo grafi da grafinia malulad xvdebodnen erTmaneTs, swored „siyvarulis koSkSi“. gasakviria, rom am oTaxis arsebobis Sesaxeb Cvenc mogvianebiT SevityveT. masSi Sesvla mxolod saxuravidan aris SesaZlebeli da is dResac ucvlel mdgomareobaSia. me da Cemma megobarma is sruliad SemTxveviT aRmovaCineT maSin, rodesac wvimis dros saxuravis SekeTebas vcdilobdiT. Senobis Semdeg saxelze- „moCvenebebis sasaxleze“ ki Semdegi Tqmuleba arsebobs: sasaxlis mopirdapire mxares mdebareobs ciciSvilebis saxli da rogorc cnobilia, „moCvenebebis sasaxleSi“ mcxovreb princ miurats Seuyvarda ciciSvilebis qali. princma sasaxlis ezodan ciciSvilebis saxlamde gaiyvana miwisqveSa gvirabi, romlis meSveobiTac erTmaneTs ukavSirdebodnen damalulad xvdebodnen. ver getyviT ramdenad marTalia es legendebi, Tumca albaT damerwmunebiT, Zalian romantikuli mosasmenia.

maria bedoSvili

- Senobis rekonstruqciebi axseneT da, sainteresoa, bolos rodis ganaxlda sasaxle da Seicvala Tu ara misi Tavdapirveli iersaxe? - bolSevikurma reJimma Senoba ganadgurebis piras miiyvana. sabWoTa ugemovnobam ki gamousworebeli zarali miayena mas. 1989 wels muzeumis gadmosvlamde aq iyo yru-munjTa saswavlebeli, meTodcentri, Semdeg sxvadasxva organizaciebmac garkveuli cvlilebebi Seitanes interierSi, gaakeTes uadgilo tixrebi da sabolood Senoba mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. bolos muzeumis rekonstruqcia 2015-2016 wlebSi Catarda. rekonstruqciis procesSi didi dilemis winaSe davdeqiT, rogorc iciT, es Senoba aris saqarTvelos kinos, Teatris, musikisa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi da amavdroulad sasaxle, Sesabamisad ar unda dagvekarga kavSiri muzeumsa da sasaxles Soris. Cven yvelanairad vecadeT SegvenarCunebina Zveli elementebi da mgoni nawilobriv gamogvivida. amaSi damTvalierebeli Tavad darwmundeba, radgan aq ixilavT XX saukunis Spaleris narCenebs, xiskars, romlis SenarCuneba sabednierod mTlianad moxerxda, aseve SexvdebiT TabaSiris moCuqurTmebul elementebs da a.S.

maria bedoSvili

- rogorc ukve axseneT, am SenobaSi yru-munjTa saswavlebeli iyo ganTavsebuli, ras ityviT amis Sesaxeb? - diax, sabWoTa periodSi aq gaxldaT yru-munjTa saswavlebeli. Cemi varaudiT, aq swavlobda lavrenti berias yru-munji da, vinaidan es gaxldaT erTaderTi gonebasustebis saswavlebeli TbilisSi.

maria bedoSvili

- muzeumSi inaxeba stalinis avtografiani foto. rogor aRmoaCineT is? - foto Cvenma TanamSromelma sardafis dalagebis dros aRmoaCina. is Zalian mniSvnelovani da saintereso eqsponatia. TariRdeba 1937 wlis 23 ianvriT. am dros qarTveli xelovanebi Casuli iyvnen moskovSi, qarTul dekadaze da swored am dros aCuqa stalinma maT fotosuraTebi. Cemi azriT, es foto sardafSi stalinis kultis devnis periodSi moxvda, Tumca es mxolod Cemi varaudia. Zalian sayuradRebo faqtia, rom fotosuraTs qarTulad aweria: â&#x20AC;&#x17E;e. gvaramaZesi. stalinisgan. 1937 weli, moskovi.â&#x20AC;&#x153; am eqsponats gansakuTrebuls xdis swored qarTuli warwera, radgan, rogorc vici, stalini im periodSi iyenebda mxolod rusul enas. swored es akvirvebT ucxoel damTvaliereblebsac, gansakuTrebiT ki germanelebs ukvirT xolme.

maria bedoSvili

maria bedoSvili - gviambeT axla ra xdeba muzeumSi da ras sTavazobs is mnaxvels? - yovelgvari gadaWarbebis gareSe SeiZleba iTqvas, rom muzeumSi Zalian didi saganZuri inaxeba. mTeli qarTuli Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis inteleqtualuri codna aq aris daculi: pirveli qarTuli operebi, zaqaria faliaSvilis „daisi“, nato vaCnaZis arqivi da a.S. es arqivi Zalian mZime mdgomareobaSi dagvxvda, gaubedurebuli da gafantuli iyo. rac upirvelesad gavakeTeT da Zalian meamayeba, Cven daviwyeT fondebisa da saganZurebis mowesrigeba da dRes am mxriv idealuri mdgomareobaa. garda amisa, damTvaliereblebs periodulad vTavazobT sxvadasxva xelovanis gamofenebs. amJamad Cvens stumrebs saSualeba aqvT ixilon nikoloz koWlamazaSvilis eqspozicia saxelwodebiT „Crdilebis Teatri“. msgavsi saxis gamofena saqarTveloSi pirvelad imarTeba. ase, rom aq mosuli damTvalierebeli ukmayofilo namdvilad ar wava.

,,xelovnebis sasaxle” mnaxvelisTvis uamrav istorias acocxlebs, ase rom legendebiT savse muzeumi gulgrils arcerTi gemovnebis mnaxvels ar tovebs.

maria bedoSvili 59

Tbilisi

miwis qveS qalaqs,

romlis

quCebSic

yoveldRiurad

milionze meti adamiani moZraobs, ori mxare aqvs: naTeli da bneli, nacnobi da ucnobi, ru tinuli da mistikuri, miwiszeda da miwisqveSa. es reportaJi meore - bnel, ucnob, mistikur, miwisqveSa TbilisSi gamogzaurebT. mariam talaxaZe

mariam talaxaZe

TbilisSi erT-erTi saavadmyofos ukan mcire manZils gavdivarT da vxedavT kibeebs, romelic rTulad SesamCnevia, radgan agurebiT, xis naWrebiT, plastmasis boTlebiTa da sxva nagviTaa dafaruli. kibeebis bolos rkinis naxevrad Camovardnili kari Cans, romlis miRma sabWoTa kavSiris dros, Tavdacvis mizniT, aSenebuli erT-erTi TavSesafaria. ,,axla CavalT daaxloebiT 2 sarTuliT qvemoT, qvemoT telefoni ar iWersâ&#x20AC;?, - mafrTxilebs Cemi Tanamgzavri aleqsi, romelic ukve me-4 welia digerobiTaa dakavebuli da Tbilisis miwisqveSa samyaros kargad icnobs. kibeebze frTxilad CavdivarT da Tbilisis erT-erTi saavadmyofos pacientebis TavdacvisTvis agebul bunker-TavSesafarSi aRmovCndebiT. aqauroba nestiania da aqa-iq wyalic wveTavs. rogorc aleqsi miyveba, bunkerSi omianobis dros 200-mde pacienti unda moTavsebuliyo. ,,saavadmyofodan qvemoT Cadiodnen liftiT, aqauroba hermetulad iketeboda yvela mxridan da SigniT sicocxlisTvis aucilebeli yvela piroba iyo Seqmnili. wyalmomarageba, sakanalizacio avzi, ori dizel-generatori eleqtroenergiis gaTiSvis SemTxvevisTvis, garda amisa, samedicino danadgarebi, preparatebi, omianobis dros rom pacientebisTvis moevloTâ&#x20AC;?, - mixsnis aleqsi.

es TavSesafari ramdenime oTaxisgan Sedgeba. bunkeris centralur darbazSi axlacaa SemorCenili saavadmyofos sawolebi, romlebic erT kuTxeSi grovadaa dayrili. yvela maTgani Jangiania, zogi ki nawilebadaa daSlili. erTi oTaxi mTlianad wylis milebs uWiravs. milebSi wyali mudmivad axldeboda, raTa saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi TavSesafris binadrebs sufTa wyliT esargeblaT. SemorCenilia xis Taroebic, romlebic, savaraudod, samedicino preparatebis gansaTavseblad gamoiyeneboda. aqvea sapirfareSoc, amdeni wlis manZilze arc onkani ganadgurebula.

Cvenamde moRweuli, radgan mis SemadgenlobaSi arsebuli spilenZi ukve didi xania moparulia. aseve, gatanilia rkinis naWrebic, romlebic, didi albaTobiT, jarTSi Casabareblad waiRes. erTi mxriv, Zveli airwinaRebi, SemorCenili sawolebi, mricxvelebi da, meore mxriv, polieTilenis boTlebi, Spricebi da warwerebi kedlebze am TavSesafarze ori epoqis gavlenas gviCvenebs. bunkerebis uaryofiT cvlilebas digeri aleqsandrec martivad amCevs.

,,naxevari wlis win aq rom Camovedi, aseTi dabinZurebuli ar iyo. roca digerebi CavdivarT, viRebT foerT-erT patara oTaxSi SuSis boT- toebs, vikvlevT istorias, arasdros lebis grovas vamCnev, Cemi responden- araferi ar mogvaqvs da vcdilobT, tis TqmiT, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis ar davazianoT. Cadis xalxi, romelSemdeg am bunkerSi aralegaluri ic nagavs yris, kedlebze warwerebs tovebs, me amas vandalizms veZaxi. ludsaxarSi funqcionirebda. swored amitom, Cven obieqtebis adgbunkeris didi zomis gamo, aq ori ilmdebareobas mkacrad ar vasajadizel-generatoria ganTavsebuli, roebT. rac naklebma adamianma icis romlebic eleqtroenergiis gaTiS- maTi arseboba, miT ufro didxans vis SemTxvevaSi unda gamoeyenebinaT. iarsebebs xeluxlebel mdgomareobageneratorebi pirvandeli saxiT araa Siâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;â&#x20AC;&#x2122;, - aRniSnavs is.

mariam talaxaZe

TavSesafars erTi amosasvleli morgSi aqvs. aleqsi ambobs, rom morgi dResac moqmedia da im derefanSi, romelic mas ukavSirdeba, cdilobs ar ixmauros, radgan morgis darajebs ar moswonT, roca bunkerSi vinme Cadis. ,,bunkers 2 Sesasvlel-gamosasvleli aqvs. aseve erTi saavario gasasvleli, romelic paralelurad aris saventilacio Saxta”, - meubneba digeri. es bunkeri erTaderTi araa, romelic samoqalaqo Tavdacvis mizniT aSenda. Cemi respondentis TqmiT, TbilisSi aseTi 500-mde miwisqveSa TavSesafaria. ,,TbilisSi 30-iani wlebidan daiwyes miwisqveSa TavSesafrebis mSenebloba. xvadasxva zomis iyo es TavSesafrebi, iyo 50-kaciani da 100-kaciani bunkerebic. skolebs, sawarmoebs, kvleviT centrebs, sacxovrebel korpusebs miwisqveS bunkerebic uSendebodaT”, - ambobs is. bunkerebi daniSnulebisamebr ar gamouyenebiaT, radgan meore msoflio omi saqarTvelos teritorias ar Sexebia. digerebis daintereseba Seuswavleli miwisqveSa punqtebiT 90-iani wlebis bolodan iwyeba. termini digeri inglisuri sityvidan “dig” (Txra) momdinareobs. Tavdapirvelad digerebis moZraoba ukrainidan da ruseTidan wamovida, Semdeg moicva postsabWoTa qveynebi, aRmosavleT evropa da dRes es hobi mTel msoflios moedo. aleqsandre tatevosianic erT-erTi digeria, romelsac es hobi ukve cxovrebis wesad aqvs qceuli. ,,ukve me-4 welia digerobiT var dakavebuli, ZiriTadad, internetiT veZebdi aseT saintereso adgilebs. roca didi xania eZeb da ikvlev, ukve adgilze dakvirvebiTac xvdebi, rom aq SeiZleba raRac imalebodes miwis qveS”, - aRniSnavs aleqsi CemTan saubrisas. digerebs Tavisi wesebi aqvT. roca miwisqveS Cadian, aucileblad afrTxileben vinmes, gauTvaliswinebel SemTxvevaSi, maTi daxmareba rom SeZlon. ,,vTqvaT, miageni aseT adgils, romelsac dacva ar hyavs, kari Riaa da SegiZlia Sexvide, pirveli, rac aucileblad unda gaakeTo - Seatyobino vinmes, sad Cadixar da ramdeni xniT. Tu daTqmul droze didxans daayovneb, am adamians ecodineba sad xar da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, dagexmareba. marto Casvla mizanSewonili araa, 2-3 kaciani jgufi yvelaze optimaluria. rac Seexeba aRWurvilobas, aucile-

belia sqelZiriani fexsacmeli, fanari, xelTaTmanebi, pirbade”, - aseTia digerebis ,,dauwereli kanonebi”. kiTxvaze, Tu ra aris digerobis yvelaze rTuli nawili, mpasuxobs: ,,SeiZleba aRmoaCino rame saintereso adgili, Caxvide miwis qveS, daaTvaliero, fotoebi gadaiRo, Tumca yvelaze rTulia am adgilze informaciis mopoveba. rodis aSenda, risTvis aSenda da a.S. amisTvis davdivarT xolme arqivSi, vecnobiT sxvadasxva dokuments, gavikiTxavT ufro gamocdil adamianebSi da vcdilobT, maqsimalurad SeviswavloT axalaRmoCenili adgilis istoria’’. aleqsis azriT, bunkerebi turistebis mozidvis wyarodac SeiZleba iqces. ,,TbilisSi jer kidev aris imis SesaZlebloba, rom es bunkerebi muzeumebad gadakeTdes. muzeumad gadakeTeba sakmaod Semosavliani saqmea, radgan sxva qveynebSi, sadac vyofilvar, sakmaod Zviri siamovnebaa aseT muzeum-bunkerSi Casvla. ubralod, sanam Caxval, gitardeba mcire instruqtaJi da turistuli kompania Senze am SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgebeli aRaraa. cota saSiSia, Tumca visac interesi aqvs am Temis mimarT, mas uRirs amis gakeTeba. turistebs ukve aRar ainteresebT standartuli RirsSesaniSnaobebi da undaT, raRac axali da gansxvavebuli. urbanuli turizmi swored amis SesaZleblobas iZleva“, - aRniSnavs digeri. A digeroba erTgvari hobia. SesaZloa arastandartuli, cota ucnauri, Tumca Zalian saintereso hobi. ,,aq dro ise garbis, rom verc vigeb. SeiZleba Cavide 5-6 saaTiTac ki. zafxulSi SeiZleba Cavide, ludi davlio, wigni wavikiTxo, blogebi davwero. wyali roca wveTavs, SeiZleba gegonos, rom vinme gelaparakeba”, - ase aRwers Cemi respondenti misi da miwisqveSa samyaros urTierTobas. zogierT Cvengans miwiszeda Tbilisi moswons da ainteresebs, cdilobs, misi Zveli quCebi, sadarbazoebi, muzeumebi moinaxulos. digerebs ki miwisqveSa Tbilisisken miuwevT guli. jer kidev Seuswavleli adgilebis Seswavlisken miiswrafvian, eqstremalur emociebs ki nestiani kedlebis, Zveli warwerebisa da SemorCenili nivTebis monaxulebiT iReben.

mariam talaxaZe 65

nawili

III

gareubani?

ekaterine janiaSvili

sibnelidan gamosuli gareubani aseTi eqsperimenti CaatareT: centralur ubnebSi mcxovrebi adamianebis garemocvaSi gldani axseneT da daiTvaleT, ramdenjer ixumreben. Tu xumrobaTa ricxvma kolosalur maCvenebels miaRwia, ar gagikvirdeT — piradi dakvirvebebis mixedviT, gldani Tbilisis yvelaze ufro daCagrul ubanTa Soris liderobs. ra Tqma unda, Semdeg adgilebze diRomi, varkeTili da sxva ubnebi arian, Tumca, amjerad pirveli adgilis mflobelze SevCerdebiT. albaT, Tbilisis centrSi mcxovrebi dedebi Svilebs axlac aSineben, SeWame saWmeli, Torem gldanSi wagiyvano. ra xdeba iq, aravin icis, magram, albaT, bavSvebs mistikurobis gancda euflebaT da nerviuloben, neta deda ar gabrazdes da im raRac gldanSi ar wamiyvanoso. mizani miRweulia, Tumca, msgavsi patara detalebiT Tu sxva xumrobebiT sazogadoebaSi garkveuli stereoti pebi iqmneba. Tumca, sanam stereoti pebze visaubrebT, mcire istoriuli eqskursi. 68

ra aris gldani gldani Tbilisis CrdiloeT nawilSi mdebare ubania. istoriuli cnobebis mixedviT, is sofel gldanis teritoriaze 1960-ian wlebSi gaSenda. es is periodi iyo, roca TbilisSi intensiuri samosaxlo ganaSenianeba midioda. swored am dros daigegma gldanis struqtura da ganawilda sacxovrebeli mikroraionebi. gldanSi dRes 8 mikroraioni da uamravi korpusia. mowyobilia skverebi da parki, aSenebulia savaWro centrebi da swrafi kvebis obieqtebi. pirvel wlebSi ubnamde misvla rTuli iyo, 1989 wlis 7 ianvars ki metrosadguri “axmetelis Teatri” gaixsna, romliTac gareubani qalaqis danarCen nawils martivad ukavSirdeba. metrosadguri ramdenjerme ganaxlda da dRes xalxiT yvelaze ufro datvirTul metrosadgurTa Soris erT-erTia. es aris im gareubnis istoria, romelsac, ukve mravali welia, sxvadasxva stereoti piT “anebrivreben.”

stereoti pi N1: gldanSi bnela

gldanSi bneloda adre. 1990-ian wlebSi, yvela sxva adgilasac rom bneloda, maSin, magram aq mainc ufro metad. im periodSi Suqi rom modioda, sacxovrebeli korpusebidan Jriamuli ismoda. adamianebs ukvirdaT, roca TavianTi saxlebi darCenili sanTlebis garda sxva SuqiT inTeboda. axla ki viTareba gansxvavebulia. eleqtroenergiis miwodeba saremonto samuSaoebis an xarvezebis gamo wydeba, zustad iseTive sixSiriT, rogoriTac sxva ubnebSi. 23 wlis nika zaaliSvili didi xania, rac Tbilisis erT-erT centralur ubanSi cxovrobs. mas, ra Tqma unda, msgavsi stereoti pisTvis yuri moukravs. ambobs, rom yvelaze xSirad gldanze saubrisas mis garemocvaSi sityva „sibneles” axseneben. “xSirad mec mgonia, rom gldanSi Suqi axlac sxva ubnebze ufro xSirad qreba“, — gveubneba nika.

ekaterine janiaSvili

stereoti pi N2: gldani miuvali adgilia wlebis win sazogadoebrivi transportiT gldanSi moxvedra Tbilisis mxolod ramdenime adgilidan iyo SesaZlebeli. dResdReobiT ki aq TiTqmis yvela ubnidanaa SesaZlebeli martivad mosvla. gldanis satransporto qselis „mTavari Rirseba” metrosadguri „axmetelis Teatria”. metroTi mgzavrobis SemTxvevaSi, qalaqis masStabiT swrafi gadaadgilebaa SesaZlebeli. Tumca transportis siWarbe imas ar niSnavs, rom mgzavroba komfortulia. Tbilisis ubnebidan gldanSi yvelaze meti adamiani cxovrobs, rac imas niSnavs, rom: a) aseTive bevri adamiani dilaobiT sazogadoebrivi transportiT mgzavrobs; b) am adamianTa nawils sakuTari manqana hyavs da dilaobiT sacobis SeqmnaSi iRebs monawileobas. orive SemTx-

vevaSi, gadaadgilebis kuTxiT, rTul viTarebamde mivdivarT da es mxolod dRis pirveli naxevris problema araa. hoda, ai, swored aq Semodis metro vagonis haeris nakadTan erTad. sacobSic ar mohyvebi da Tu bevri xalxi iqneba, Semdeg vagons daelodebi. problema (TiTqmis) gadawyda. Tumca, es sxva Temaa. erTi sityviT, gldanSi gadaadgileba transportisa Tu xalxis siWarbis gamo xSirad rTulia, Tumca aseTive viTarebaa dedaqalaqis centralur ubnebSi da quCebze. xolo miTi, rom gldanSi wasvlisTvis magiuri da ukve gadaSenebuli cxoveli unda iSovo, romelic adgilze saidumlo gzebiT migiyvans, sicruea.

stereoti pi N3: „gldanSi ra unda akeTo?!” ekaterine janiaSvili

imave 1990-ian wlebSi, romelzec zemoT vsaubrobdi, gldanis amJamindeli parkis teritoria saZovrebs ekava. gamodiodnen dilaobiT bavSvebi saseirnod da xvdebodnen Zroxebi, romlebic patronebs saZovrad hyavdaT gamoyvanili. maSin uxarodaT maTi naxva, erTobodnen. mere gasarTob parkad gadaakeTes eg teritoria da esec uxarodaT. magram faqtia, rom wlebi gavida da gldanic icvleba. erTi sabWoTa kavSiris droindel Senobebs ver mixedes, magram jer-jerobiT cxovreba midis. gldanSi ramdenime savaWro centria, romlebSic uamravi ada-

miani iyris Tavs. erTi sityviT, Tu megobris gemriel saWmelze dapatiJeba gindaT an damRleli dRis bolos sayidlebze gavla, gldani imeds ar gagicruebT. aq kino ara, magram axmetelis Teatri namdvilad aris, sadac saRamos sasiamovnod gatarebaa SesaZlebeli. amasTan, erT-erT Zvel xidze, romelic gldanis kent da luw mikroraionebs akavSirebs, ramdenime Tvis win antisaokupacio gamofena moewyo. 2008 wlis omis amsaxveli suraTebi xidis erT nawilSi axlac gvxvdeba da ucnauradaa Serwymuli interierTan.

stereoti pi N4: gldanSi saSiSi adamianebi cxovroben ki, gldanSi Zalian saSiSi adamianebi cxovroben da Tu SuaRamis Semdeg gareT darCiT, maqciebadac iqcevian. es stereoti pi, savaraudod, gldanis cixesTanaa dakavSirebuli. Tumca, Tu adamianma sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebis zusti ganmarteba icis, arc is SeeSleba, rom mis gareT safrTxe araa.

20 wlis mariam pataSuri aseve 20 welia, rac gldanSi cxovrobs. ambobs, rom gareubnis Sesaxeb es stereoti pi „sibnelesac” ukavSirdeba da, aseve, im mosazrebas, rom aq mosaxleobis umravlesoba gaWirvebulia. „sibnele da siRaribe „qurdobas” izidavs. is mosazreba, rom gldanSi saSiSi xalxi cxovrobs, 90-iani wlebis stereoti pebis bralia”, — gveubneba mariami.

ekaterine janiaSvili

stereoti pi NN5: gldanSi cxovreba „texavs” bolo stereoti pi ufro Rirebulebebs efuZneba, vidre faqtebs da yvela zemoaRniSnuli stereoti pis SejerebiTaa warmoqmnili. imis gamo, rom gareubania, gldani sacxovreblad erT-erT araprestiJul adgilad iTvleba. ise ki, am Rirebulebis mqone adamianebidan cota Tu gi pasuxebT imaze, ratom, konkretulad ra mizezebiT „texavs” aq cxovreba.

„stereoti pebidan mxolod is gamigia, rom gldanSi cxovreba „texavs” da gldanSi bnela. axla gamaxsenda adre simRera iyo ubnebze da gldanze ambobdnen — „cocxebis Sriali, danebis trialio”. rogorc Cans, adre ufro iyo aseTi da aqedan gamomdinare damkvidrda es mosazrebac”, — ambobs meri. erTi sityviT, yvela es stereoti pi, gamoTqma da simRera rom SevkriboT, gldanze erT karg 43 wlis meri iasaSvili ambobs, rom 15 welia, saSinelebaTa films gadaiRebdnen. Tumca, rorac gldanSi cxovrobs da amis gamo problema gorc yvela am Janris filmi, isic gamogonil arasdros Seqmnia. ambavze iqneboda dafuZnebuli.

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aeroportis dasaxleba

Tbilisis savizito baraTs, ra Tqma unda, misi istoriuli ubnebi warmoadgens, romlebic qalaqis centrSi yoveldRiurad maspinZloben sxva qveynebidan Camosul uamrav turists. swored am adgilebis naxviT gamowveul emociamde, qalaqis stumrebze jer sxva ram axdens STabeWdilebas, is, rac maT CamofrenisTanave xvdebaT. aeroportis dasaxleba qalaqis aRmosavleT nawilSi mdebare ubania, romelic TviTmfrinavebis asafreni bilikidan sul raRac ramdenime aseuli metris moSorebiT mdebareobs. TviTmfrinavis xma aq mcxovrebi adamianebisTvis ukve problemas aRar warmoadgens. isini am xmiT iwyeben yovel dilas da amTavreben saRamos. Tu vinmes qalaqSi Camosuli mravalerovnuli turistebis ar ukvirs, es, pirvelyovlisa, am dasaxlebis mcxovrebni arian. isini yoveldRiurad xvdebian turistebs sazogadoebriv transportSi, xSirad aZleven sasargeblo rCevebs da mogzaurobis dagegmvaSi exmarebian. dasaxlebis e.w savizito baraTi aeroportis gzis dasawyisSi aRmarTuli spilenZis uSvelebeli qandakebaa. mravalmetriani qandakebis TavSi aseve uzarmazari kacis figura dgas, romelsac xelSi veeberTela mze uWiravs da saxe CrdiloeTisken aqvs mibrunebuli. arsebobs daudasturebeli informacia, rom qandakeba Tavis droze im motiviT aigo, rom yvelasTvis Seexsenebina Tu saidan amodis mze da vis mzes unda umadlodes Cveni qveyana.

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qalaqis pirveli maspinZeli

cxadia, misi Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, SemTxveviTi araa, rom is swored aeroportTan axlos mdebareobs. uyuradRebobis gamo, qandakeba xSirad xdeba vandalizmisa da qurdobis samizne. periodulad, mas spilenZs aclian da miaqvT. dasaxleba Tbilisis yvela sxva ubnisgan mniSvnelovani obieqtebiT gamoirCeva. garda aeroportisa, romelic qveynis erT-erTi mTavari strategiuli obieqtia, aq aseve aris ramdenime samxedro baza da rkinigzis sadguri. aeroportis dasaxlebis gagonebisas bevrs pirvelad is Worebi axsendeba, romlebic bolo ramdenime welia arsebobs. aq msoflios masStabiT cnobili, lugaris laboratoria mdebareobs, romelic rusuli propagandis samizne sul ramdenime Tvis win gaxda. rusuli mxaris mtkicebiT, aSS saqarTveloSi da swored am laboratoriaSi, biologiur iaraRs awarmoebs, romelsac mogvianebiT maT winaaRmdeg gamoiyenebs. sinamdvileSi ki laboratoriaSi ikvleven sxvadasxva baqterias da muSaoben uamrav daavadebaze. gamodis, TbilisSi Camosul turistebs qalaqze da qveyanaze pirvel warmodgenas swored aeroportis dasaxleba uqmnis (unda aRiniSnos, rom arcTu ise cuds). ramdenime aseuli metris gavlis Semdeg ki sruliad sxva qalaqi iwyeba. qalaqi, romelsac aeroportis dasaxlebis Sesaxeb bevri namdvilad ar smenia.

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melano mesxi

liloc Tbilisia

varkeTils iqeT rom gza grZeldeba, ai mandaa lilo – ase vicodi Tavdapirvelad lilos Sesaxeb. Semdeg gavige - aeroports rom gascdebi mandaao. erTxelac, avdeqi da wavedi lilos bazrobaze. gavcdi varkeTils, aeroportis gadasaxvevsac, gaviare xidebs qvemoT, gzatkecils ki dasasruli ar uCanda, sadacaa unda mefiqra erT 10-15 wuTSi kaxeTis SuagulSi aRmovCndebi-meTqi, rom mZRolma daiZaxa: ,,bolo gaCerebaa, Svilo, Cadi marSutkidan”. gaocebuli da dabneuli davdiodi, imdeni cnobili saxe vnaxe iq, rom Sua rusTavelis gamzirzec ki ar minaxavs amdeni erTad. maSin vifiqre, Sexede! es ra magari ubani yofila-meTqi. kidev ufro mogvianebiT vnaxe lilos dasaxleba. Zveli korpusebi, mitovebuli Senobebi, patara yviTeli avtobusebi, uamravi ficrulis jixurebi – yvelaze metad swored es aris TvalSi mosaxvedri 90-ian wlebSi CarCenil Tbilisis gareubanSi, romelic TiTqos yvela drois mTavrobisgan miviwyebulia. didi albaTobiT, arc axlo momavalSi gegmaven lilos infrastruqturul ganviTarebas. arada, am gareubans didi SesaZlebloba aqvs iyos ukeTesi da waSalos 90-iani wlebis naSTebi. bolos, yvela gza Tu romSi midis, romamde aeroportia, aeroports rom gascdebiT ki lilo!

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foniWala _ yvelaze

mwvane

elene lacabiZe

ra gaxsendebaT pirveli foniWalis gagonebisas? narkotikebi? „barigebi“? ver gagamtyunebT, radgan Tu gadavxedavT sainformacio gamoSvebebs, vnaxavT, rom Sinagan saqmeTa saministro yvelaze met specoperacias foniWalaSi atarebs da swored aq akaveben narkorealizatorebs. iqamde, sanam am dasaxlebas foniWala daerqmeoda, mas „soRanluRi“ erqva, es saxeli asimilaciis Sedegia. „sonRuli“ Turquli warmoSobisaa da Sevardenis msgavsi mtacebeli frinvelis saxelidan unda iyos nawarmoebi. soRanluRis mamulebi mefis sagvareulos da amilaxvrebis kuTvnileba iyo. sofelze gadioda mniSvnelovani saqaravno (ganjis) gza, 1930-ian wlebSi sofel soRanluRis mimdebare teritoriebi iqca sabWoTa represiebis msxverplTa daxvretis adgilad. 1980-iani wlebidan igegmeboda misi gaerTianeba TbilisSi, Tumca es Canafiqri ver ganxorcielda. 2006 wlidan foniWalis dasaxleba Tbiliss oficialurad SeuerTda da is Tbilisis gareubania, Tumca warwera, romelic TbilisSi Sesvlas gvamcnobda, rusTavis mxridan, foniWalis gasasvlelidan sul ori welia aiRes, isic imitom, rom rusTavi-Tbilisis damakavSirebeli magistralis mSenebloba daiwyo da is sabWoTa droidan moyolebuli baneri xels uSlidaT mSeneblobaSi.

ar vici, risi bralia, magram, TiTqos, sazogadoebaSi ar aris aRqma imisa, rom foniWala Tbilisia da ara calke Tbilissa da rusTavs Soris mdebare dasaxlebuli erTeuli. Tbilisisgan gansxvavebiT, gazafxulze da zafxulSi aq mwvane feri dominirebs. marTalia, Zalian bevri jansaRi xe Seewira magistralis mSeneblobas, magram xeebis simravle kvlavac SesamCnevia. albaT es aris TbilisSi erTaderTi dasaxleba, sadac amden xes „axareben“. mTavari magistralidan kargad Cans,Tu rogor gadmohyurebs mTel foniWalas sasaflao. qvemodanac ki advili gasarCevia, rom kldeze sasaflaoa, kargad Cans saflavis qvebi, jvrebi, SemoRobili adgilebi. mosaxleoba mravalferovania. foniWala Tbilisis im ramdenime dasaxlebaSi Sedis, romelSic eTnikuri umciresobebi Warbobs. mravalsarTuliani Senobebis simcire kidev erTi gansxvavebaa sxva dasaxlebebsa da foniWalas Soris. bolo wlebia ramdenime maRalsarTuliani nagebobis Sendeba, Tumca, maTi ricxvi imdenad mcirea, rom simwvaneSi jer kidev SeumCnevelia. es albaT imitomaa, rom foniWala jer kidev arapopularulia sacxovreblad. albaT, roca sxva gareubnebic veRar SeZleben xalxis datevas, foniWalasac iseTive bedi eweva, rogorc sxva dasaxlebebis SemTxvevaSi iyo _ simwvanes mravalsarTuliani korpusebi Caanacvlebs.

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ubani

elene lacabiZe

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qaoturi ubani "naZaladevi" warsuliT

mariam talaxaZe

naZaladevis metrodan Tu amoxvalT da ,,oqtombris” quCas ikiTxavT, albaT gamvlelTa umetesoba getyviT, rom ar icis, am quCas rogor unda miagnoT. arada TviTonac swored am quCaze iqnebian am momentisTvis. ,,oqtombris” quCa igive cotne dadianis quCaa, es saxeli sabWoTa periodSi erqva, amave saxelwodebis iyo naZaladevis metrosadguric. ,,naxalovkis” saxeliT cnobil ubanSi xalxma dasaxleba XIX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi daiwyo. wlebis ganmavlobaSi naZaladevi erT-erT yvelaze daugegmav da qaoturad gaSenebul ubnad iTvleboda, vinaidan rkinigzis muSebi aq xelisufalTa daukiTxavad, TviTneburad, SeiZleba iTqvas, naZaladevadac ki aSenebdnen mcire zomis saxlebs. qalaqis mmarTveloba aranair yuradRebas ar aqcevda mis keTilmowyobas. amis gamo 1905 wels xelisuflebam am ubans ,,naZaladevi”, rusulad ki ,,naxalovka” Searqva. naZaladevis dasaxleba Tbilisi-foTis da Tbilisi-baTumis sarkinigzo magistralebis mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg daiwyo. pirvelad xalxi didubisa da sadguris midamoebSi dasaxlda. rodesac didubisa da sadguris ubnebSi qoxmaxebi Caidga da Tavisufali miwis nakveTebis Sovna gaZnelda, naZaladevSi xalxma masobrivad iwyo miwebis ,,dataceba”. am ubanSi Zalian martivi SesamCnevia sacxovrebeli saxlebis dominireba sacxovrebel korpusebze. miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo wlebSi korpusebi mSenebloba gaxSirda, saxlebis raodenoba mainc TvalSisacemia. imis gamo, rom ubani faqtobrivad ar dagegmila da TviTneburi mSeneblobebiT Seiqmna, mas urbanuli ieri ar aqvs da ikargeba SegrZneba, rom saqalaqo dasaxlebaSi xar. wlebis win „naZaladevad“ gaSenebuli ubani dRes sakmaod keTilmowyobilia da sacxovreblad araprestiJul ubnebs ver mivakuTvnebT _ ramdenime savaWro centris, naZaladevis mediaTekis, dasasvenebeli parkebisa da sxva dawesebulebis wyalobiT aq cxovreba arasasurveli namdvilad araa. Tumca ubanze aris ramdenime stereotipi, romelic mas „saxels utexs“. erT-erTi aseTi stereoti pia is, rom „naxalovka“ yvelaze „Savi“ ubania, es stereoti pi e.w Zveli biWebis intituts ukavSirdeba. am stereoti ps Tavisi safuZveli namdvilad aqvs, Tumca realobas bolomde ver ergeba, radgan „Zveli biWebis“ instituti mTlianad Tu ara, nawilobriv mainc, warsuls Cabarda. ubnis istoriidan aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom naZaladevi Tbilisis erT-erTi mTavari revoluciuri kera iyo, radgan swored aq 1900 wlis zafxulSi erT-erTi muSis saxlis sardafSi moewyo aralegaluri stamba, sadac sabrZolo mowodebebi da proklamaciebi ibeWdeboda. naZaladevSi revoluciuri moRvaweobis erT-erTi aqtiuri monawile stalini gaxldaT. saintereso istoriis ubani dResac sainteresod agrZelebs cxovrebas, Tumca erTi gansxvavebiT, misi arseboba dRes „naZaladevad“ aRar aRiqmeba.

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TbilisSi luvris piramidis msgavsi policiis Senoba Tu SegxvedriaT, es imas niSnavs, rom vazisubanSi erTxel mainc xarT namyofi. gasakviria, magram iq mdebare policiis Senobis danaxvisas parizis es RirsSesaniSnaoba aucileblad warmogidgebaT Tvalwin. cota xnis Semdeg ki, roca miixed-moixedebiT, mixvdebiT, rom Suagul evropaSi ki ara, Tbilisis erT-erT gareubanSi xarT. vazisubani Tbilisis zRvasTan axlos, dedaqalaqis aRmosavleT nawilSi mdebareobs da isani-samgoris raions miekuTvneba. istoriuli cnobebis mixedviT, ramdenime saukunis win aq vazi uxvad iyo gaSenebuli. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, rTuli gamosacnobi araa, Tu saidan momdinareobs dasaxlebis saxelwodeba. SeuCveveli TvalisTvis rTuli misaxvedria, sad mTavrdeba varkeTili da iwyeba vazisubani. simarTle rom vTqvaT, arc SeCveuls SeiZleba bolomde endo. varkeTilis metrodan vazisubnamde fexiT 20-25 wuTis savali gzaa. Tu aq pirvelad xarT, dakargvis Sansi didia, Tumca, sxva Tu araferi, ganTqmuli eqsterieris mqone policiis Senobis danaxvisas mixvdebiT, rom sworad mixvediT. amasTan, vazisubnidan varkeTilis metros mimarTulebiT samarSruto taqsebi da avtobusebi intensiurad moZraoben. vazisubans mSenebare metroc aqvs. metrosadguris mSenebloba 1980-ian wlebSi dawyebula, Tumca dRemde SeCerebulia. ucnobia SeCerebis mizezi an is, dasruldeba Tu ara proeqti. aSkara mxolod isaa, rom vazisubans metrosadguri qalaqTan metad daakavSirebda. erTi SexedviT, vazisubani patara, wynari da miviwyebuli gareubania, Tumca mesame epiTetze dava SesaZlebelia. raoden gasakviric ar unda iyos, aq amierkavkasiaSi yvelaze didi savaWro centri, “hualingi” mdebareobs. aqvea “Tbilisis zRvis axali qalaqi”. swored am adgilas aSenda 2015 wels olimpiuri qalaqi da gaimarTa axalgazrduli olimpiada. gareubanSi ucnauri da aSkara kontrasti gvxvdeba: mivdivarT gzaze, Cven garSemo ki sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi aSenebuli sacxovrebeli korpusebia. aseTi korpusebi mravladaa, sul 5 mikroraioni. vagrZelebT gzas da uceb Tanamedrove ti pis dasaxlebaSi vxvdebiT, romelic turistul zonas, 5-varskvlavian sastumros, saerTaSoriso savaWro centrsa da mravalbinian sacxovrebel kompleqss aerTianebs. amasTanave, vazisubanTan axlos mdebareobs savaWro centri “isT foinTi”, sadac “saSopingod” da megobrebTan erTad drois gasatareblad uamravi adamiani iyris Tavs. kontrastis Temas Tu gavarZelebT, isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom, garda sacxovrebeli korpusebisa, aq kerZo saxlebic gvxvdeba. rogorc sxva bevri ram, es Senobebic ucnaurad gamoiyureba. gegonebaT, rom saukune gavida, rac mcxovreblebma saxlebi miatoves da mas Semdeg iq aRaravin yofila. erTi sityviT, vazisubani erT patara kunZuls hgavs, romlis arsebobis Sesaxeb cotam icis, magram kunZulSi Rrmad Tu Sexval, karg raRacebs aRmoaCen. ucnauria, magram asea — vazisubani ormagi cxovrebiT cxovrobs.

ekaterine janiaSvili

gareubani ormagi cxovrebiT

ekaterine janiaSvili

zRva TbilisSi axla dilis 11-is naxevaria. uqme dRea, amitom Tavs ufleba miveci, kargad gamomeZina. vinaidan Zalian zarmaci var, jer isev piJama macvia, Tumca yaviT savse nacrisferi Wiqa xelSi maqvs momarjvebuli da im xeds gavyureb, romelic, albaT, yvelaze Zalian miyvars. mze jer isev Cems fanjaras uyurebs, ase rom, mTel suraTs misi sxivebisgan wamosuli oqrosferi “blari” gadahkravs. SeiZleba gagikvirdeT kidec, magram Cemi fanjridan nacrisferi maRalsarTuliani Senobebi ar moCans, arc manqanebiT gadatvirTuli gza, arc ezo. adgils, sadac me vcxovrob, yvela “Tbilisis zRvis” saxeliT icnobs, realurad tbas ufro hgavs Tavisi moculobiT, Tumca ki oficialurad wyalsacavia. igi 1951 wels gvalviani samgoris velis mosarwyavad SeuqmniaT. ramdenime weliwadSi ki “Tbilisis zRvis” mimdebare teritoria patara kurortad gadaiqca Tavisi sastumro-sanatoriumebiT. kompleqsSi Semavali zogierTi Senoba-nagebobis nangrevebis xilva dResac SesaZlebelia. Zvel fotoebs Tu davujerebT, aqauroba sakmaod kargad mowyobil-mowesrigebuli da popularuli iyo. afxazeTis omis Semdeg ki situacia Seicvala da am sastumroebSi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi kompaqturad Sesaxldnen. ukve 26-e weli gadis da yvelaferi isev isea. aq isev devnilebi cxovroben. Tbilisis wyalsacavi – farTobi – 11,6 kvadratuli kilometric, moculoba - 308 milioni kuburi metri, anu zogisTvis mxolod cifrebi, zogisTvis, wyalmomaragebis wyaro, sxvebisTvis, adgili, sadac savarjiSod midian sufTa haerze, an adgili, sadac zafxulis cxel dReebSi gasagrileblad da gasarujad miaSureben xolme, zogisTvisac ubralod “Tbilisis zRvaa,” romelic sadRac TbilisSia, arasodes unaxavs, Tumca ki saxeli namdvilad gaugia. me zemoT CamoTvlili kategoriebidan arcerTs ar mivekuTvnebi, radgan sastumro “oqros sawmisis” meSvide sarTulis erT-erTi oTaxidan danaxuli “Tbilisis zRva” ar hgavs im sxva “Tbilisis zRvebs.” Cems “Tbilisis zRvas” Tan specifikuri – fiWvis fisis surnelic mohyveba, banalurad mogeCvenebaT da, Citebis WikWik-JRurtulis xmebic. yvelaze metad gazafxulis “Tbilisis zRva” miyvars, mindori, tye da zRvis meore napiras gorakebi xasxasa mwvane feriT ifareba, ca kriala lurjia da wyalic swored am fers ireklavs. axlac, yavas rom vwrupav, Tan am xeds gadavyureb. rogorc wesi, amis dro ar maqvs xolme, radgan yovelTvis magviandeba, Cem sizantesTan erTad, transportis problemasac Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, miT umetes. aq macxovreblebs rom hkiTxoT, minimum kidev 20 problemas CamogiTvlian, Tumca, me am problemebze, albaT, Tvals davxuWavdi, radgan aravin icnobs iseT “Tbilisis zRvas,” rogorsac me.

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megi nefariZe 83

nawili

adamianebi

â&#x20AC;&#x153; ,, mTavaria, xalxs moswons zurab ninoSvili

Zveli Tbilisis miviwyebuli profesiebi sadguris moedanze, e.w vagzlis teritoriaze, uamrav patara sardafismagvar saxelosnos SexvdebiT, sadac sxvadasxva profesiis adamianebi ukve wlebia, Zveli TbilisisTvis esoden saWiro da TanamedroveobaSi miviwyebuli xelsaqmis SenarCunebas cdiloben. ,,saaTebis SekeTeba”, ,,tansacmlisa da fexsacmlis gadakeTeba” – es da sxva msgavsi frazebi, romelic wiTeli saRebavebiT qarTul da rusul enaze patara xis ficrebzea wawerili, TiTqmis yovel fexis nabijze SegxvdebaT. aseTi moZvelebuli banerebi imaze metyvelebs, rom Zveli Tbilisis cxovrebaSi am profesiebs mniSvnelovani adgili ekavaT. Tumca, dRes es

saxelosnoebi momxmarebelTa simravliT veRar daikvexnis. swored amitom, am saxelosnoebSi momuSaveTa profesiebi ukve miviwyebulia da savaraudod, momavalSi gaqrobac ki uweria. miuxedavad imisa, rom am profesiebisadmi interesi iklebs, Tbilisis mesaaTeebi, xarazebi da mkeravebi mainc Zveleburi enTuziazmiT agrZeleben 30 da meti wlis win Seswavlil xelobas _ saqmes, romelic dRemde maTi Semosavlis erTaderTi wyaroa. ZiriTadad maT saxelosnoebs stumroben Zveli klientebi, romlebTan urTierTobac karga xania, megobrobaSia gadazrdili. pirveli Cveni gaCereba fexsacmlis samkervalo iyo, sadac aseTi megobrobis Zalian karg magaliTs gadavawydiT. Cveni yuradReba maSinve miiqcia Zveleburi saxelosnos vitrinaSi ganTavsebulma lurjma, Tanamedrove da sakmaod didma fexsacmlis sakeravma manqanam, amitom gavCerdiT da gavesaubreT iq msxdom or moxucs Soris erTerTs. mxolod erTwuTiani dialogis Semdeg mivxvdiT, rom CvenTan mosaubre ara xelosani, aramed misi erTguli klienti iyo, romelmac ubralod megobris sanaxavad Semoiara. xarazi miSa ukve 30 welia am saqmianobas eweva. grZeli da damRleli samuSao dRis miuxedavad, man mainc Zalian Tbilad da Tavazianad migviRo. gviTxra, rom gauxarda axalgazrda saxeebis danaxva. rodesac gaigo, rom misi profesia gvainteresebda, gakvirveba gamoxata, sigarets moukida da Tavisi istoriis moyola daiwyo. ,,ukve 30 weli sruldeba, rac fexsacmelebs vakeTeb. pirvelad qarxanaSi daviwye muSaoba da profesiulad swored aq Seviswavle es saqme. bolo 10 welia, Cemi saxelosno maqvs, romelsac xumrobiT Cems meore saxls veZaxi, radgan yoveldRe, dilidan daRamebamde aq var da vmuSaob. Zalian daviRale”-, gviyveba xarazi miSa. sevdianad Caicina da TiTqos am erTi sityviT mTlianad gagviziara Tavisi mdgomareoba. rogorc TviTon aRniSna, saTqmeli da mosayoli istoria Zalian bevri hqonda, magram bodiSi mogvixada, laparakis xasiaTze ar iyo. rom vkiTxeT, iyo Tu ara amis mizezi damRleli samuSao dRe, nawilobriv dagveTanxma da aRniSna, rom mis sadardebels saxelosnos qira ufro warmoadgenda. ambobs, rom klientebi adre gacilebiT meti hyavda, magram axlac ar uCivis maT naklebobas.

,,klientebi arc ise cotaa, magram male saqarTveloSi am xelobis xalxi aRar iqneba. Aaxalgazrdebs amis swavla ar ainteresebT, xalxsac meoradebis yidva urCevnia Zveli fexsacmlis SekeTebas”-, gviTxra man. xasiaTi maSinve gamoukeTda, roca misi fexsacmlis sakeravi manqaniT davinteresdiT. Tvalebi gaubrwyinda da amayad gviTxra: ,,aba Tqven ra ggoniaT? es erTi manqanis fasia. 500 dolari miveci.” sabolood vTxoveT, rom fotos gadavuRebdiT mas da mis saxelosnos. Tavidan gagvexumra, xalisianad awia xelSi Tavisi gakeTebuli fexsacmeli da SemogvTavaza, foto ase gadagveRo. Mmaleve daseriozulda da kamerasTan poziorobac ki daiwyo. Tbilad dagvemSvidoba da warmatebebi gvisurva Cvens profesiaSi.

Cveni mesame respondenti aranakleb saintereso qalbatoni gaxldaT, romelic ori saxeliT gagvecno. gviTxra, rom megobrebi mas nanas eZaxdnen, pasportis mixedviT ki lusiana erqva. saubrisas martivad SeamCnevdiT mis rusul aqcents da Tavazianobas, romelic mis pasuxebSic gamoixata. Nnana ukve 20 welia mkeravia da bolo 6 Tvea sakuTari samkervalo aqvs. Gmanamde ki WavWavaZeze muSaobda erTerT atelieSi. mesaaTeebis daTanxmeba gagviWirda. erTma uariT gamogvistumra, Cveni renspondenti ki Tavisi saqmis siyvarulis gamo dagvTanxmda, oRond im pirobiT, Tu mas fotos ar gadavuRebdiT. mesaaTe artura, romelsac sxvisi drois kontroli evaleba ukve 25 welia am xelsaqmiT aris dakavebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi procesisgan did siamovnebas iRebs, ambobs, rom mainc bevr sirTules awydeba da miviwyebul profesiad miiCnevs Tavis saqmianobas. “bevri dro, nebisyofa da energia sWirdeba amas. CemTvis es didi pasuxismgeblobaa, radgan Zalian miyvars Cemi saqme da zogjer erTi saaTis SekeTebas mTeli samuSao dRec ki miaqvs. damRlelia, magram mirCevnia mTeli energia davxarjo vidre saqme bolomde ar miviyvano.” cifrul samyaroSi, sadac telefonebma Caanacvla saaTebi, es profesia kidev ufro araprestiJuli xdeba, gansakuTrebiT ki axalgazrdebisTvis. Cveni renspodenti mwuxarebiT aRniSnavs, rom klientebis raodenoba amis gamo bolo 10 welia Semcirda: “klientebis garda xelsaqmis SemswavlelTa raodenobac Semcirda. gava dro da albaT, saerTod gaqreba es profesia.” bolo periodSi rom saaTebis SekeTebis msurvelTa raodenobam iklo es mis saxelosnosac kargad etyoboda, radgan ukve saaTebisganac ki dacarielebuli iyo patara oTaxi. artura, miSas msgavsad, Tavisi cxovrebis ZiriTad dros saxelosnoSi atarebs, magram xSirad ise xdeba, rom mTeli dRis manZilze mxolod erTi an saerTod arcerTi saaTi ar aqvs SesakeTebeli.

,,marTalia, bolo wlebSi mkeravebze moTxovna Semcirda, magram dReSi 5-6 klients mainc viReb. ZiriTadad Cemi asakis klientebi myavs, axalgazrdebi naklebad modian, Tumca sezons gaaCnia. sabanketo periodSi bevr SekveTas viReb, ise ki axal tansacmels TiTqmis aravin ikeravs. ZiriTadad nayidis gadakeTebaze vmuSaob”-, gviyveba nana. saubrisas nanam aRniSna, rom misi saqmianoba dRiTidRe ufro naklebSemosavliani xdeba da axalgazrdebisTvisac aRaraa mimzidveli am profesiis Seswavla, rac gvaZlevs imis fiqris safuZvels, rom kerZo samkervaloebi TandaTan daviwyebas miecema.

drosTan erTad yvelaferi icvleba, magram Tavdauzogavi Sroma da sakuTari saqmisadmi siyvaruli aris is ori faqtori, rac axangrZlivebs miviwyebuli profesiebis arsebobas.

ana msxalaZe qeTevan WeiSvili 89

sanam Tbiliss sZinavs...

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yovel diliT, sanam Cveni maRviZara darekavs da tkbil Zils micemulebs gvaiZulebs gaWirvebiT Tvalebis gaxelas, viRacis samuSao dRe ukve dawyebulia. wvimaSi, TovlSi, qarSi, zamTarsa Tu zafxuls, mniSvneloba ar aqvs aminds, weliwadis dros, TariRs - es adamianebi Cveni komfortisTvis, janmrTelobisTvisa da usafrTxoebisTvis zrunaven. isini muSaoben maSinac ki, roca dasaqmebulebis umetesoba isvenebs. rodis iwyeba am adamianebis dila, rogor grZeldeba maTi samuSao dRe da ra sirTuleebTan uwevT gamklaveba, amis Sesaxeb isini Tavad mogviyvebian. TamTa laSxia saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis centrSi umcros eqimad 2015 wlidan muSaobs. misi samuSao dRe diliT 10 saaTze iwyeba da 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba. survili, rom medicinis fakultetze eswavla, bavSvobidan hqonda: “roca Cemi Tanatolebi TojinebiT TamaSobdnen, me SpricebiT davrbodi”,- RimiliT ixsenebs TamTa. medicinis sferoSi dasaqmebuli dedisgan icoda, rom win Zalian rTuli da grZeli gza eloda, Tumca sakuTar mizanze uari arasdros uTqvams. “miuxedavad imisa, rom gaTavisebuli mqonda am profesiis sirTule, sxva sferoSi sakuTar Tavs verasdros vxedavdi. axla rom virCevde profesias, isev eqimi viqnebodi”. dilis 10 saaTze, morigeobis gadabarebis Semdeg, misi samuSao dRe iwyeba. gamoZaxebebis raodenoba yovel jerze icvleba da es bevr faqtorzea damokidebuli. virusebis dros dReSi, daaxloebiT, 20 gamoZaxebaze gadian. es ricxvi zafxulSi sagrZnoblad iklebs, radgan mosaxleobis umetesoba qalaqgareT

gadis: “bevria aramiznobrivi gamoZaxebac, Tumca Cven yovel zarze vreagirebT”,- ambobs TamTa eqimi. eqimis profesia, rogorc Tavad ambobs, mudmiv stresTanaa dakavSirebuli; misma erTma qmedebam, SesaZloa, adamianis sicocxleze udidesi gavlena iqonios, Tumca daZabuli da rTuli samuSaos miuxedavad, bednierebas aniWebs yoveli gadarCenili sicocxlis danaxva: “mqonia SemTxveva, roca adamiani urTules mdgomareobaSi mimiyvania klinikaSi, ramdenime dRis Semdeg ki, sxva pacientis Seyvanisas, klinikidan sakuTari fexiT gamomavali daminaxavs. amaze didi bedniereba eqimisTvis araferia”. kargad axsovs ramdenime warmatebuli reanimaciac, roca gulgaCerebul adamians quCaSi, TanagundelebTan erTad, pulsi aRudgina. “ramdenime wamis win gulgaCerebuli adamiani rom Semogxedavs da gkiTxavs ra mWirdao, amaze metad ra unda gagixardes?”. TamTa eqimi agreTve wers leqsebs da socialur qselSi aqveynebs. hyavs mkiTxveli auditoriac, Tumca wignis gamocemaze jer ar ufiqria. amasTan, Tbilisis saxelmwifo samedicino universitetSi gadis sarezidento programas bavSvTa qirurgiaSi. icis, rom win kidev Zalian grZeli da rTuli gzaa, romlis gavlasac aucileblad apirebs. kiTxvaze, Tu ras niSnavs misTvis saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis eqimis statusi, TamTa mpasuxobs: “es forma roca gacvia, ar arsebobs uqme dRe, radgan adamianebis sicocxle gabaria. roca dasvenebis dReebSi sarkesTan am formiT Camivlia, CemTvis mifiqria- vemsaxurebi Cems qveyanas”.

TamTas msgavsad,beqas samuSao dRec 24 saaTs moicavs. 27 wlis beqa SveliZe 3 welia, rac mexanZre-maSvelad muSaobs. survili, rom saxanZro-samaSvelo samsaxurSi dasaqmebuliyo, megobrebis moyolilma istoriebma gauCina: „anakliis momavlis banakSi viyavi lideri, iq iyvnen saxanZro-samaSvelo jgufis warmomadgeneli biWebic, romlebic yvebodnen istoriebs TavianTi saqmianobidan gamomdinare. mivxvdi, rom es profesia Cems pirovnebas Seesabameboda, amitom gadavwyvite Zalebis mosinjva“,- ambobs beqa. vakanturi adgilebis simcirisa da maRali konkurenciis gamo, daaxloebiT, weliwad-naxevars eloda StatSi Cajdomas. 2016 wlidan ki Tavisi yoveli samuSao dRe dilis 9 saaTidan meore dilis 9 saaTamde grZeldeba. yovel samuSao dRes 2-saaTian swavlebas gadis, rogorc Teoriuls, aseve praqtikuls. ukve sami welia, Cafxuti, mexanZre-maSvelis forma, botebi da mexanZris qamari misi cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia. zaris Semosvlidan 45 wami reagirebisTvis sakmarisia. yoveli axali gamoZaxeba sxvebisgan gansxvavebulia. „ramdeni xanic unda gavides, yovel gamoZaxebaze im emociiT gavdivar, rom pirvelia da ar vici, iq ra damxvdeba; yvela gamoZaxebas gansxvavebuli specifika aqvs“,- miyveba mexanZre-maSveli. yvelaze mZafrad

borjomis xanZari axsovs, roca yovel jerze cecxlis axali kera Cndeboda da mosaxleobis sicocxles safrTxe emuqreboda: „es aris momenti, roca stiqias ebrZvi da xvdebi, rom masTan uZluri xar, Tumca yvelaferi unda gaakeTo, rom jer mosaxleobas ar avnos da Semdeg - Caaqro“. bevrjer ufiqria, rom esa Tu is gamoZaxeba, SesaZloa, savalalo yofiliyo misTvis an TanagundelisTvis, Tumca profesiis Secvla azradac ar mosvlia: „CemTvis isic sakmarisia, rom erT adamians mainc umniSvnelod davexmare; yofila SemTxveva, roca TvalebiT adamianisgan udidesi madliereba da siTbo migrZvnia, amitom arasdros mifiqria profesiis Secvlaze“. beqa muSaobis paralelurad kavkasiis saerTaSoriso universitetSi magistraturaze swavlobs, agreTve dakavebulia sportiT, TamaSobs rogorc samoyvarulo quCis kalaTburTs, aseve monawileobs saqarTvelos studentur ligaSi. kiTxvaze, Tu ras niSnavs misTvis mexanZre-maSvelis profesia, mpasuxobs: „ es aris udidesi pasuxismgebloba, roca uamravi adamianis sicocxle gabaria da yvelaferi unda gaakeTo maT gadasarCenad. es aris profesia, sadac adamianebi TavianTi gakeTebuli saqmeebiT Tavs bednierad grZnoben“.

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madona dalaqiSvili Tbilisis satransporto kompaniaSi mZRolad sami welia muSaobs. bankSi, arasamTavrobo organizaciaSi, supermarketSi da sxva araerT samsaxurSi muSaobis Semdeg, gadawyvita, sakuTari Zalebi mZRolis ampluaSi moesinja. siaxleebis moyvarulma gancxadeba satransporto kompaniaSi Seitana, daaxloebiT erT kviraSi daukavSirdnen, staJireba gaiara da sasurvel samsaxurSic dasaqmda. axla misi dRe 6 saaTze iwyeba, mowesrigebisa da sauzmobis Semdeg saxlidan gadis, 7 saaTze ki ukve samsaxurSia: „ samsaxurSi misvlisTanave viReb ganrigs, vqoqav avtobuss, vamowmeb salaros, sawvavs vasxam da avtobusi avtobazidan gamomyavs“,- yveba madona. igi 11 nomer avtobusze muSaobs, romlis pirveli gaCereba zahesi, xolo bolo dinamos stadionia. dReSi daaxloebiT 6-7 bruns asrulebs. ambobs, rom pirveli dRis Semdeg araferi Secvlila, garda imisa, rom is marSruti iswavla, romelsac yovel samuSao dRes gadis. sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi darwmunebulia, amitom avtobusis sidide ar aSinebs: “CemTvis mZRolad muSaoba didi pasuxismgeblobaa. mgzavrebis sicocxle mabaria, Tumca arasdros

vnerviulob, amitom rTul situaciaSic vpoulob gamosavals. Tu rame movindome, vici, rom aucileblad gamomiva“. Tavidan, roca Tbilisis quCebSi avtobusis qali mZRoli gamoCnda, mgzavrebi gaocebas ver malavdnen, madona ki am yvelaferSi raime gansakuTrebuls ver xedavs. miaCnia, rom qals nebismieri saqmis Sesruleba SeuZlia, Tuki moindomebs. Tavisufal dReebSi keravs „ferad bednierebas“. sakuTar tansacmels Tavad qmnis. upiratesobas ferad naWrebs aniWebs, raTa wvimian amindSic ki ganwyoba Seiqmnas: „kerva dedisgan viswavle. Tavidan qsovili bevrjer gavafuWe, Tumca axla ukve vici ra rogor unda gavakeTo. kabebis garda, Tmis samagrebsac vkerav da tansacmels vuxameb“,- ambobs madona. misi samuSao dRe saRamos 12 saaTze sruldeba. dRis bolos kvlav salaroebs awesrigebs, sawvavs asxams, avtobusi jer gasarecxad, xolo Semdeg parkirebaze Sehyavs. axla misi mizani lurj avtobusze muSaobaa, radgan Tvlis, rom igi metad sufTa, komfortuli da martivad satarebelia.

qalbatoni nazi weliwadze metia Tbilisis dasufTavebis samsaxurSi meezoved muSaobs. igi or SvilTan da meuRlesTan erTad naqiravebSi cxovrobs. misi samuSao dRe jer kidev maSin iwyeba, roca gareT bnela da quCaSic aravin moZraobs.

meti da mZimea“. ambobs, rom diliT adre Sori manZilidan gamosvla uWirs, Tumca finansuri problemebis gamo, samsaxurze uars ver ambobs da amasTan, uxaria isic, rom qalaqis sisufTaveSi Tavisi wvlili Seaqvs.

40 wlis qalbatoni yovel diliT vazisubnidan pekinis gamzirze dadis da daaxloebiT, 1 km-ian monakveTs wina dRis narCenebisgan asufTavebs: „ zamTarSi da Semodgomaze miWirs xolme muSaoba, radgan gvian Tendeba da foTolic ufro

am adamianebis msgavsad, Tbilissa da regionebSi araerTi adamianis samuSao dRe iwyeba manam, sanam Cven gvZinavs. TiToeuli maTganis istoria ki gansakuTrebuli da mravlismTqmelia.

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kidev erTi civi dRe „wara-mara vkvdebi, mere isev vcocxldebi“ alixanaSvili vasilisa 66 wlisaa. rogorc ambobs, sxva garemovaWreebi „ufro vzroslebic arian“. is yarabaRidanaa, qmari qarTveli hyavda, masze laparakisas xma ise ukankalebda, urwmuno adamians siyvaruls daajerebda. dis gardacvalebis Semdeg vasilisam TviTon gaagrZela sanTlebis gayidva sakmevelTan erTad, romelsac “cexidan” iRebs, Tumca „xalxs sanTeli ki ara, Suqis danTebis fuli ar aqvs“ , - Tqva da ise swrafad gaCumda, TiTqos amiT samyaros erT nawilSi yvelaferi Cabneldao. „loTaoben da wvanan, guli cudad gaxdeba“ qarTulad kargad ver saubrobs, mis saxlSi iseve wvims, rogorc gareT. „minda, rom axalgazrdebma imuSaon da me gareT ar vijde“ . ise saubrobda, TiTqos erTaderTi imedi is ararsebuli samuSao garemo iyo, romelic axalgazrdebisTvis didi xania, gamqralia. saubris dros xelebs iWmuxnida nerviulobisgan, gegonebodaT, Seguebul realobas xelaxla ixsenebs da aanalizebso. Svilebi da SviliSvilebi hyavs, romelTan Caxutebac erTaderTi imediRaa im cxovrebidan. „yvela Zvali mtkiva, erT dRes modi mze rom iqneba, gulnawyeni waxval, puris fulsac ver vSoulob, isic ar aris, ra hqvia? adgili romaa, vakansiebi Tu raRac, beberi visRa unda“ - TiTqos cdilobda daemtkicebina, rom ar ityueba da marTla yvelaferi ise cudadaa, an imaze uaresadac, vidre hyveboda. ambobda, rom nacnobebis rcxvenoda, rom modian, sad davimalo, ar vicio, am dros aqeT-iqiT gaixeda, TiTqos Seamowma, vinme xom ar aris axloso. „kargad iyo yvelaferi, roca Cemi qmari cocxali iyo“ - qmarze saubrisas, Svilebsac CarTavda xolme, TiTqos erTaderTi, riTic amayobda is siyvarulis nayofi iyo, romelsac Svili da SviliSvilebi hqvia. xelze beWedi ekeTa, oqrosi aRar maqvs da ager 2 larad viyide, ase sul maxsovs, rom marto ar varo. „CemTan ar modis aravin , megobrebi aRar arian“ - rogorc ambobs, megobroba yvelaze didi Rirebuleba iyo gaWirvebamde da axla mxolod garemovaWre megobrebi hyavs da qali puris sacxobidan, romelic nisiad atans purs. gaWirvebaSi myofs im adamianebis imediRa darCa, romlebsac jer kidev SemorCaT TanagrZnobis unari da mciredis ganawilebis SesaZlebloba. megobrebze rom saubrobda, amoixvneSa. da misi saukeTeso megobari iyo, yvelaze didi WaRara da yvelaze didi naoWi, romelsac sxva tkivilebs ver Seadareb. „xalxi sul yviris, nervebi ar aris“ gaWirvebam yvelas nervebi gaufuWa, aRar undaT arc saubari da arc urTierToba, yvelas Tavisi dardi aqvso Tqva da cremli waskda. saboloo imedi isev Svilebsa da imaSi esaxeba, rom saxelmwifo odesme daexmareba, miscems Wers da aRar Sercxveba adamianebis.

goderZi maxaraSvili: „xalxs unda presa, amitom aucileblad unda gamovide“ 87 wlis goderZi maxaraSvili gurjaanidanaa. „ezo-yure gavyide, rom colisTvis operacia gamekeTebina“ - gveubneba igi. erTaderTi, rac SemrCa, janmrTelobaao. amiT arCens ojaxs - gazeTebisa da sigaretis Rerebis gayidviT: „sigaretebi meSveleba, xandaxan mec vewevi, guls vayoleb WiriviT cxovrebas“. finansebi araferSi hyofniT, pensia 4 wlis winaswar gamoitana, Svils dasWirda, mxolod rZali da TviTon muSaoben, 3 SviliSvili hyavs da yvelaze pataras misi saxeli hqvia: „kaka unda miutano rom mixval, ise ar giSvebs“. goderZim ramdenime omi gamoiara, Tumca, amaze saubari ar uyvars, radgan uamravi adamiani dakarga.omis Semdeg sikvdilis aRar eSinia. „RmerTma icis vin ra aris da es mTavrobebi TviTon rom aWmeven Svilebs, me sul mSieri viZineb, rom bavSvebs vaWamo, magram esec araferia“ _ saubari tirilis gareSe ver SeZlo, oRond es simwris tirili iyo, im simwris, romelsac yovel dRe xvdeba gadarCenisTvis brZolis dros. Tavs qvemoT xris, rom vinmem ar SeamCnios misi tkivili. sul erTxel amoixeda da mTeli samyaros tkivili gaanaTa, TiTqos erTi saukunis sevdas am adamianSi moeyara Tavi. „bedniereba ar arsebobs, kai Svilebi unda gyavdes gverdiT da maSin aris yvelaferi kargad, yvela xelebSi miyurebs“. „raRac kompiuterebi gamoigones, magram presa ar ikargeba“ - presas imitom yidis, rom fiqrobs, moxuc adamianebs ar SeuZliaT axali teqnologiebidan informaciis miReba. arainformirebuli adamiani ra kaciao, yvelam unda icodes qveyanaze ra xdebao. me vici, rom adamianebs vexmarebi, zogs sikvdilSi, imitom, rom sigarets vyidi, zogs ki ganaTlebaSi, bari-barSi var sakuTar cxovrebasTano - Tqva bolos. am ori adamianis mTavari sevda isaa, rom Ria cis qveS, nebismier pirobaSi uwevT ibrZolon gadarCenisTvis, cxovroben realobaSi, sadac aravis imedi aRar aqvT. am adamianebze zrunva saxelmwifos prioritets ar warmoadgens, maTi ojaxebi ki saarsebo minimumiT ver axerxeben arsebobas. isini xSirad SeumCnevlebi arian Cvengan, iseTi adamianebisagan, romlebsac elementaruli saarsebo pirobebi mainc gaaCniaT. SeuZlebelia, gulgrilad Cauaro da ar SeamCnio is didi tkivili da imedgacrueba, romelic am adamianebis cremlTan erTad ufro metad Rvivdeba. maT Sromisgan gamofitul xelebsa da cremlnarev TvalebSi didi sevda, tkivili da nacrisferi cxovrebas moCans.

mariam vandoro 95

nawili

Tanamedrove Tbilisi

akaki alagardaSvili

s ac o bi Tbilisis s at ran s po r to pol itikaS i TbilisSi erTxel mainc Tu gimgzavriaT sazogadoebrivi transportiT, arasaxarbielo mdgomareobas martivad SeniSnavdiT an igrZnobdiT. metro mTel Tbiliss ver faravs, samarSruto taqsebisa da avtobusebis didi nawili ki Tanamedrove standartebs ver akmayofilebs. am viTarebaSi Cndeba alternatiuli transportis saWiroeba, romelic swrafad da komfortulad migviyvans qalaqis nebismier ubanSi. am erTi SexedviT arc ise dauZlevadi miznis miRwevas, TbilisSi ukve wlebia ver vaxerxebT. ,,gadmoiwieT, karebi damaketineT“- am frazas ver gaigonebT yviTel avtobusebSi, radgan misi kari Tavad gadagwevs nebismier mxares, Tu ar gaeclebi. karis daketvas Tu gadaurCi, uhaeroba Segawuxebs, Tu amasac gauZeli, SeiZleba damuxruWebisas gadavarde saqare minisken, mokled, meti dramatulobis gareSe rom vTqva, mravali barieris gadalaxva giwevs daniSnulebis adgilamde misaRwevad. lurj, axal avtobusebSi zemoT naxseneb frazas ki moismenT, magram eg mxolod imisTvisaa sakmarisi, rom ramdenime wamiT adamianad igrZnoT Tavi, kari gaufrTxileblad mklavs rom ar gtexavT, sxva yvelaferi igivea- uhaeroba, Wyletva da TanamgzavrTan yvela mosaxvevSi Caxuteba (mavanni amaSi pozitivs dainaxavdnen). samagierod, zafxulSi kondicireba irTveba da CamoTvlil problemebTan gamklaveba sigrileSi giwevs. albaT SeniSnavdiT, Tbilisi munici paluri transportis mravalferovnebiTa da komfortulobiT ar gamoirCeva, amitom Tu avtobusiT mgzavrobas eridebi (sruliad obieqturi mizezebis gamo), SeiZleba yviTel samarSruto taqsiSi aRmoCnde. sazogadoebrivi transportis am saxeobas ver SexvdebiT ganviTarebul msoflioSi, radgan mis fesvebs sabWoTa kavSiramde mivyavarT. rigis saavtomobilo qarxnis gamoSvebuli ,,rafis“-s (РАФ) istoria yviTelma, monopolizebulma ,,R“e-ebma gaagrZela. mas zamTarSi araferi daewuneba xalxmravlobas Tu ar CavTvliT, Tumca zafxulSi, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebelia SigniT gaCereba, ar/ver CarTuli kondicirebisa da usiamovno sunis gamo.

metro aseT satransporto pirobebSi saukeTeso saSualebaa gadasaadgileblad. misi istoria dedaqalaqSi ukve 53 wels iTvlis da dRemde SeuCereblad emsaxureba Tbilisis mosaxleobas. is , samwuxarod, mTel Tbiliss ver emsaxureba(amisTvis damatebiT 23 sadguria saWiro). erTi sadguris damatebas asobiT milioni lari sWirdeba, rac Zalian ZviradRirebuli siamovnebaa Cveni qveynisTvis da bunebrivia, arc realisturad Cans. Tbilisis merias gezi avtobusebis axali Semadgenlobebis damatebisken aqvs aRebuli. maT matebasTan erTad, izrdeba sacobebic, rac araTu agvarebs satransporto problemas, aramed piriqiT. strategia, romelic faqtia, ar muSaobs, mravali welia ar icvleba. tramvai sazogadoebrivi transportis is saxeobaa, romelsac Zalian efeqturad iyeneben evropis mraval qveyanaSi. iq , iseve rogorc TbilisSi, tramvai erT dros gaauqmes, isinic fiqrobdnen, rom am satransporto saSualebam Tavisi dro moWama, magram maleve mixvdnen, rom cdebodnen. dRes mraval ganviTarebul qalaqSi, magaliTad berlinSi, praRaSi, manCesterSi naxavT uaxlesi modelis tramvaebs, romelic araCveulebrivad emsaxureba adgilobriv mosaxleobas. tramvaize azri TbilisSic male SeecvalaT. am qalaqis yvela merisgan albaT erTxel mainc mogismeniaT dapirebebi tramvais aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca ideis xorcSesxma xan arCevnebma SeaCera, xan finansebma, xanac politikuri nebis ararsebobam. 2011 wels TbilisSi safrangeTis mTavrobis grantiT kompania ,,sistras“ kvlevac ki Catarda, sadac dawvrilebiT gaiwera tramvais samoZrao marSrutebi, Tanxebi, sazogadoebis ganwyobebi da a.S. misi Semoyvana ukve igegmeboda, Tumca 2012 wlis arCevnebma da finansurma problemebma es procesi SeaCera. Semdeg wlebSi giorgi narmaniasganac gvesmoda igive dapirebebi. axla 2019 welia da tramvai isev ganuxorcielebel proeqtad rCeba.

tramvais upiratesobebi pirvelyovlisa, rasac tramvais aRdgenis momxreebisgan moismenT, tramvais maRali gamtarunarianoba da tevadobaa. mis erT Semadgenlobas SeuZlia imdeni mgzavris gadayvana, ramdensac sxva vercerTi satransporto saSualeba ver moaxerxebs. magaliTad, Tanamedrove tramvais ti puri, grZeli Semadgenloba itevs 218 mgzavrs. am raodenobis mgzavris gadayvanas ori Zalian didi zomis avtobusi, an 145 avtomobili sWirdeba. amas emateba isic, rom tramvai ar moZraobs samanqano gzaze, mas Tavisi liandagi aqvs da, Sesabamisad, Tavs aridebs sacobebsa da gadatvirTul moZraobas. amis gamo is pikis saaTebSic Zalian efeqturia, rasac avtobusze, an troleibusze ver vityodiT. garda amisa, tramvai ekologiurad sufTa transportia. ar muSaobs sawvavze da bunebrivia, ar aqvs gamonabolqvi. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Tbilisis haeris dabinZurebis 71% avtotransportis gamonabolqvze modis, ekologiurad sufTa sazogadoebrivi transportis saWiroeba dRis wesrigSi namdvilad dgas. tramvai usafrTxoebiTac gamoirCeva. is mimagrebulia saval zolze da iqidan gadasvlis Sansic ar arsebobs, maSin, roca sxva samarSruto saSualebebi xSirad arRveven moZraobis wesebs da safrTxes uqmnian mgzavrebis janmrTelobas. rac Seexeba danaxarjebs, tramvai avtobusze ekonomiuria . arasamTavrobo organizacia ,,Tbilisis tramvais“ 2015 wlis kvlevis Sedegad gairkva, rom erT konkretul marSrutze moZrav 11 avtobuss erTi dRis ganmavlobaSi 1050 laris sawvavi sWirdeba. amave raodenobis tramvais energodanaxarji 858 lari iqneboda, Tumca radgan tramvai avtobusze met mgzavrs itevs, am marSrutisTvis 9 tramvai sakmarisi iqneboda, danaxarji ki 709 lars gautoldeboda. gamodis, rom mxolod 1 marSrutze tramvais amuSavebiT erTi dRis ganmavlobaSi 341 laris dazogvaa SesaZlebeli. erTerTi mTavari mizezi, ris gamoc tramvais aRdgenis yoveli mcdeloba uSedegod damTavrda, misi ZviradRirebulobaa. rogorc Tbilisis sakrebulos yofili deputati, irakli abesaZe erT-erT interviuSi ambobs, 2011-2012 wlebSic es faqtori aRmoCnda tramvais bedis gadamwyveti. misi amuSaveba daaxlobiT 500 milioni evro jdeboda, am Tanxis mobilizeba im drois meriis biujetSi ver moxerxda da proeqti sawyis etapze SeCerda. dResdReobiT Tbilisis meriis biujeti daaxloebiT 900 aTasi laria, rac arc ise imedismomcemi cifria. Tumca unda aRiniSnos , rom miuxedavad aseTi Rirebulebisa, tramvais eqspluataciis xangrZlivoba 20-30 welia, am drois gasvlis Semdeg, kapitaluri SekeTebiT ki tramvai kidev 10-15 wels Zlebs (es ukanaskneli tramvais Rirebulebis daaxloebiT mexuTedi jdeba). anu, naxevari miliardi evroTi lamis naxevari saukunis gamarTuli satransporto sistemis yidvaa SesaZlebeli. SedarebisTvis, lurji avtobusis Rirebuleba, romelic amJamad moZraobs TbilisSi, 237 aTasi evroa, misi eqpluataciis vada ki sul raRac 8-10 weli.

akaki alagardaSvili

tramvais Tbilisuri istoria Tbilisis quCebSi pirvelad eleqtro tramvais winapari, cxenebis gawevaze momuSave e.w. ,,konka“ 1883 wels gamoCnda. is arc Tu ise gvian. 1904 wels Caanacvla eleqtro tramvaim. pirveli tramvai viwroliandagiani iyo, 1933 wlidan ki Tbilisur relsebze pirvelad gaiara farToliandagianma tramvaimac, romelic isnis hospitalsa da samgoris keramikis fabrikas erTmaneTTan akavSirebda. tramvais marSrutebi nel-nela izrdeboda, emateboda xazebi da 80-iani wlebis bolos man mTeli Tbilisi moicva. 1989 wlidan tramvais dasasrulis dasawyisi daiwyo, romelic 2006 wels, bolo, nomeri 12 marSrutis tramvais gauqmebiT damTavrda. amiT tramvais 102-wlian Tbilisur istorias wertili daesva.

tramvais perspeqtiva arasamTavrobo organizacia ,,Tbilisis tramvais“ wevrebsa da transportis sxva eqpertebs miaCniaT, rom tramvais TbilisSi sakmaod didi perspeqtiva aqvs. maTi azriT, is SeiZleba gaxdes Tbilisis satransporto sivrcis Semavsebeli. adgilebi, sadac ver aRwevs metro da transportis problemaa, SesaZlebelia moicvas tramvais sistemam. miuxedavad imisa, rom tramvais sawinaaRmdego azrebs iSviaTad moismenT, dRes mTavrobasa da Tbilisis meriaSi masze, faqtobrivad, ar saubroben. isini avtobusebis raodenobis zrdaze arian orientirebulebi da satransporto problemis gadaWris gzas amaSi xedaven. Tbilisis mosaxleobis raodenoba dRiTidRe imatebs da alternatiuli transportis saWiroba ufro aqtualuri xdeba. albaT, yvela gza mainc tramvaimde migviyvans, magram sakiTxavia, rodis?

akaki alagardaSvili

rogor aRwevs rutinas Tavs Tbilisi? Tbilisis mosaxleoba bolo wlebia SeuCereblad matulobs, magram es zrda Sobadobis gazrdis xarjze ar xdeba. mosaxleobis zrdis mizezi regionebidan an sxva qalaqebidan Camosuli xalxia,romlebic dedaqalaqSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad an samuSaos saZebnelad Cammovidnen, radgan TbilisSi maTi realizebisTvis ufro meti Sansia. mosaxleobis zrdasTan erTad TiTqos ufro SesamCnevi gaxda erTferovneba da rutinuloba. xalxiT gadavsebuli metros sadgurebi da avtobusis gaCerebebi, gzaze kilometrobiT uwesrigod gadaSlili avtomanqanebi. aseTia yoveli dila da saRamo orSabaTidan paraskevis miwurulamde.TiTqos yoveli dila da saRamo deJavusaviT meordeba.Cndeba kiTxva rodis,sad an rogor atarebs xalxi dros?maSin roca, arc samsaxurSi agviandeba da arc leqciaze eCqareba. dRevandeli Tbilisi da ramdenime wlis winandeli Tbilisi rom SevadaroT, ra Tqma unda, did sxvaobas vi poviT. mosaxleobis zrdam gaaCina moTxovnileba, qalaqSi ufro meti dasasvenebeli da gasarTobi

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sivrce gaCeniliyo. amas damatebuli turizmis zrda,rac aucileblad moiTxovs qalaqSi kargi dasasvenebeli da drois gatarebis sivrceebis gaCenas. nino 21 wlisa da agrarul universitetSi swavlobs, kiTxvaze Tu sad atarebs Tavisufal dros mpasuxobs: ,,yvelaferi damokidebuli mainc xasiaTzea,TbilisSi Zalian bevri adgili maqvs sadac SemiZlia gaverTo da davisveno kidec,xSirad davdivar megobrebTan erTd karaoke barebSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom kargad ver vmReriâ&#x20AC;&#x153;. TbilisSi dasveneba da garToba yvela asakis adamians SeuZlia.Tu karaoke barebi da klubebi SenTvis mimzidveli araa, SesaZlebloba gaqvs lisis an kus tbaze axvide, an sulac Tbilisis zRvaze,sadac ojaxTan an megobrebTan erTad pikniki SegiZlia moawyo. adre TiTqos es xSiri ar iyo, SabaT kviras ojaxTan erTad gasarTobad wasvla. axla Zalian bevri Tu ver axerxebs qalaqidan gavides, piknikisTvis qalaqis mwvane adgilebSi dadian.

albaT aucilebeli araa turisti rom gerqvas sxva qveyanaSi iyos. Zalian bevri adamiani TbilisSi fexiT siarulisas xelaxla aRmoaCen xolme mas: „garda imisa, rom xSirad mec iseve verTobi, rogorc danarCeni studentebi Tavisufal dros, Zalian miyvars fexiT siaruli, TbilisSi erTsa da imave adgilas xuTjer rom movxvde, xuTivejer raRac axals aRmovaCen. abanoTubani da botanikuri baRi, vfiqrob, marto turistebisTvis ara mimzidveli adgili, Zalian msiamovnebs, roca fexiT bevrs davdivar da qalaqs axlidan vecnobi.“CemTan saubrisas Tqva Tamuna kapanaZem, romelic Savi zRvis universitetSi swavlobs. bolo wlebia qalaqSi momravldnen skeitbortistebi, parkuristebi, ramac aseve gamoiwvia moTxovnileba, rom qalaqSi maTze morgebuli adgilebic gaCeniliyo. petre bunturi ki erTerTi maTgania: „skeitbordze kataoba erTi wlis win daviwye da Cemi cxovrebis mTavar nawilad iqca. me da sxva skeitbordistebi vikribebiT xolme nebismier adgilas. SeiZle-

ba skeitbordis parkSi wavideT an ubralod quCaSic gavideT xolme“. turizmis erovnuli administraciis kvleviT turistTa 51% swored dedaqalaqs stumrobs, xolo turistTa saerTo maCveneblidan, romlebic dedaqalaqs stumroben garToba, dasvneba rekreaciisTvis, 57%_ia. adgilobrivebisa da turistebis gamo,romelTac gemrieli saWmlis mirTmeva an Tundac megobrebTad erTd drois gatareba undaT, saRamoobiT TiTqmis yvela bar-restorani savsea, maTi ricxvic ki Zalian didia. qalaqSi Zalian bevri kargi da lamazi adgilia sadac SegiZlia daisveno gaerTo da gemrieli saWmelebic miirTva. aseT dReebSi TiTqos dedaqalaqi rutinas Tavs aRwevs. qalaqi ufro xmauriani da cocxali xdeba, Tu daakvirdebiT es xmauri rutinuli xmaurisgan gansxvavebulia. quCaSi gasarTobad Tu dasasveneblad gamosuli xalxis xma sruliad gansxvavebulia. orSabaTis gaTenebisas ki rutinuli cxovreba paraskevamde isev Tavis adgilas brundeba.

elene lacabiZe

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Tbilisi Street Style Savi feris tyavis qurTukebi, gabardinis naWrisgan Sekerili paltoebi, romlebic ,, Burberry”-is asociacias iwvevs, feradi Sarvlebi da sportuli maRalZiriani fexsacmelebi _Mes im yoveldRiuri stilis Semadgeneli nawilebia, romlebsac Tbilisis quCebSi SexvdebiT. sxeulis xelovnuri safarveli, tansacmeli, romelic Tavdapirvelad adamianma klimatisgan dasacavad Seqmna, dRes uamravi adamianisTvis pirovnuli maxasiaTeblisa da sakuTari xasiaTis gamomxatvelia. stili droebiT batonobs modis sferoSi. modis tendenciebi sazogadoebis moTxovnilebebTan erTad icvleba, rac Cvens yoveldRiur cxovrebaze mniSnelovan zegavlenas axdens. XXI saukuneSi qarTulma modam didi cvlileba ganicada. wlebis manZilze igi dasavluri da aRmosavluri elementebis SerwymiT viTardeboda da yovelTvis gamoirCeoda sakuTari originaluri stiliT. modis princi pi siaxlisken swrafvaa, Tumca, tendencia, romelic garkveul periodSi mkvidrdeba, ramdenime aTwleulis Semdeg xSirad isev aqtualuri xdeba. magaliTad, 90-ian wlebSi TbilisSi farTod iyo gavrcelebuli angoras sqeli sviterebi, jinsis maRalweliani Sarvlebi, tyavis qurTukebi da ramdenime zomiT didi da uformo, Wreli sportuli qurTukebi, romlebic arc dRes kargavs aqtualobas da xSirad SeiniSneba Tbilisis quCebSi. didi zomis samosis tareba aqtualuri gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg gaxda, rac qarTveli dizaineri demna gvasalia balensiagas SemoqmedebiT dizainerad dainiSna da 2016 wlis gazafxulze misi debiuti Sedga. Mmis debiutze mayurebelma asimetriuli, didi zomis jinsebi da uzarmazari qurTukebi ixila. Tbilisuri quCis stili araerTxel moxvda ucxouri warmatebuli gamocemebis obieqtivSi, rogoricaa magaliTad ,,Harper’s Bazaar’’ da ,,Vogue’’, rac kidev erTxel migvaniSnebs imaze, rom qarTuli modis tendenciebi dRiTidRe viTardeba. Tbilisis quCebSi mosiarule adamianebisTvis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli yoveldRiuri, martivi stilia. feradi samosi, gawyobili ornamentebiTa da mravalferovani aqsesuarebiT. xSirad gvxvdeba mokle qvedaboloebi, jinsis Sarvlebi da tanze momdgari iseTi formis tansacmeli, romelic sxeulis siluets mkveTrad usvams xazs. modis tendenciebis ganviTarebasTan erTad, TbilisSi ufro da ufro aqtualuri xdeba xelnakeTi nivTebiTa da aqsesuarebiT tansacmlis gaformeba, rac nawilobriv qarTuli kulturis ganviTarebasac exmareba. erTerTi farTod gavrcelebuli aqsesuari, romelsac dRes Tbilisis quCebSi SexvdebiT, TavSalia. Ees aqsesuari modis industriaSi xSirad ,,bebiis Tavsafarad’’ moixsenieba. 90-ian wlebSi Tbilisis quCebSi TavSlebiT ZiriTadad asakovani qalebi dadiodnen, Tumca dRes, es aqsesuari nebismieri asakis qalbatonisa Tu gogonasTvis mzis saTvalesTan erTad SesaniSnav kombinacias warmoadgens. qalis TavSlebisagan gansxvavebiT, aris iseTi aqsesuarebi da tansacmelebi, romlebic, miuxedavad mimdinare wlis modis tendenciebisa, mainc yovelTvis aqtualuria. tyavis grZeli labadebi da qurTukebi nebismieri sqesis da asakis adamianisTvis sasurvelia. msgavsi stili gazafxulis, iseve rogorc Semodgoma-zamTris sezonze Tbilisis quCebSi xSirad SeiniSneba. modis tendenciebi umetes SemTxvevaSi didxans ar grZeldeba, misi mizani siaxlisken swrafvaa. sazogadoeba modis tendenciebs mihyveba, Tumca stili mxolod modiT ar iqmneba, is TiToeuli adamianis pirovnuli maxasiaTebelia, amitomac moda sazogadoebis interesebis ganviTarebasTan da moTxovnilebebTan erTad icvleba da viTardeba.

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mariam rexviaSvili

mariam rexviaSili

turisti TbilisSi amas winaT „National Geographic”-is vebgverdze „xetialisas“ tara bartonis 2-3 wlis winandel blogs gadavawydi saTauriT: „ratom aris CemTvis Tbilisi erTerTi yvelaze sayvareli qalaqi mTel msoflioSi.“ ar gagikvirdebaT da, davinteresdi, rogor gaxda Cemi patara Tbilisi amerikeli tara bartonis erTerTi favoriti qalaqi. blogis kiTxvasTan erTad gonebaSi ricxvebi amomitivtivda, romlebic cota xanSi statistikad iqcnen.

Zvirad sulac ar geCvenebaT, Tumca, qarTveli aucileblad im N N37 avtobuss airCevda qalaqSi mosaxvedrad. aeroportidan qalaqSi misvlamde mwvane safaris garda bevrs verafers naxavT, gulwrfelad rom vTqvaT, qalaqSi misvlisasac pirveli STabeWdileba mTlad dadebiTi ar iqneba, SeiZleba imedgacruebac igrZnoT. amasobaSi ki taras blogis kiTxva davasrule. sakmaod nasiamovnebi davrCi da gadavwyvite sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso forumze wamekiTxa turistebis Sefasebeturizmis erovnuli administraciis bi da aseve ras urCeven isini Cveni qveymonacemebiT, 2018 wels saqarTveloSi nis sxva potenciur stumrebs. pirvelad 4 756 820 turisti Semovida, rac, Turme, „Trip Advisor” gamaxsenda da kidev ufro 2017 welTan SedarebiT gazrdili maCven- metad gaxarebuli davrCi rodesac asoebelia. mere isic gamaxsenda, rom Cveni biT komentaridan uaryofiTi mxolod 2 qveynis ekonomikisTvis turizms, TiTqmis, Tu 3 aRmoCnda. bunebrivia, rodesac ucxo qveyanaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs. bolo monacemebiT, mTlian Sida produqtSi misi midixar, moiZieb informacias, Tu risi naxva SeiZleba iq, risi daTvalierebaa wili 7,6%-ia. ,,uwesrigo da anarqiuli,“ - ase axas- aucilebeli. forumebsa da blogebze iaTebs bartoni Tbiliss da wers, rom wakiTxulis Semdeg, albaT, Tamamad Seiarseboben qalaqebi, romlebic logikuri Zleba iTqvas, ar arsebobs turisti, roazrovnebis CarCoebSi eqcevian, da arse- melsac ar dauTvalierebia Zveli Tbilibobs Tbilisi. mesiamovna Cems qalaqze ase si, meidani da nariyala, aseve, ar yofila aRtacebiT, rom werda tara, da fiqrebSi abanoTubanSi. es adgilebi, romlebic me ufro Rrmad CaviZire. sxva turistebsac CamovTvale, nebismier turistul vebsaase Zalian moswonT Tbilisi?.. an ratom itze moxvedrilia „Tbilisis saukeTeso moswonT?... iqneb, piriqiT, sulac ar aqvT sanaxaobebis“ siaSi. dadebiTi STabeWdileba? mere sakuTar da Tqvenc, albaT, ukve miaRwevdiT sasTavs vekiTxebodi, turisti rom iyo, Sen tumromde, cotas daisvenebdiT, sauzmeze ra azris iqnebodi Tbilisze-meTqi. warmoidgineT, amerikeli jeimsi xarT, pirvelad gausinjavdiT gemos raimes qaromelsac saqmiani viziti aqvs saqarT- rTuli samzareulodan da met-naklebad veloSi, an germaneli hansi, universite- kmayofili gaeSurebodiT RirsSesaniStis profesori, romelsac surs qarTul naobebis dasaTvaliereblad. Tqveni pirkulturas gaecnos, andac arabi hakimi, veli gaCerebac, savaraudod, Zveli Tbiliromelsac legendad smenia, rogori si iqneboda. moixiblebodiT, aguris toleranti eri varT, Tu gnebavT frangi SenobebiTa da qvafenilebiT. axla ki JorJeta iyaviT, romelic mxolod imitom ukve gagivlidaT is Tavdapirveli immodis TbilisSi, rom megobarma urCia, an edgacrueba, radgan darwmundebodiT, rom ukraineli maria... mokled, arCevani Tqven- qalaqs marTlac aqvs TqvenTvis SemosaTavazebeli raRacebi. zea... Tu ukve airCieT saidan xarT da ratom aqve aRvniSnav, rom turistebs mxolod modixarT saqarTveloSi, maSin warmoidgineT, rom patara, Tumca ki koxtad mowyo- Tbilisis Zveleburi nawili ar aRafrTobil, Tbilisis saerTaSoriso aeroport- vanebT, maT ufro metad aocebT Zvelisa Si xarT, adriani dilaa da sadacaa mzec da axlis Serwyma erT qalaqSi. mogzaureamova, freniT daRlils odnav gcivaT da bic amboben, rom TbilisSi namdvilad gsurT, rac SeiZleba swrafad moxvdeT igrZnoba - Cveni qveyana aRmosavleTisa sastumroSi, N N37 avtobuss yuradRebas da dasavleTis gasayarze mdebareobs. qaar aqcevT da pirdapir taqsis miaSurebT, laqis arqiteqturac kidev erTxel usromelsac fiqsirebul Tanxad (20-30 vams xazs saqarTvelos „orkulturovan lari) mihyavxarT daniSnulebis adgila- bunebas.“ mde. raki Tqven qarTveli ar xarT, Tanxa 106

romantika VS realoba

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Zveli TbilisiTa da abanoTubniT rom ijerebdiT guls, mTawmindazec axvidodiT sabagiroTi. iqidan ki gadmoxedavdiT Tbilisis kramitissaxuravian saxlebs, mtkvars, axal „caTambjen“ da Zvel ferad Senobebs, mokled, aqac lamazi sanaxaoba dagxvdebodaT. maleve TvalSi mogxvdebodaT suvenirebis maRaziebi da Tqvenc ueWvelad iyiddiT rames im maRaziaSi. magaliTad, qarTul tradiciul samosSi gamowyobil saTamaSo gogona-biWunas wyvils, raSic, savaraudod, Zvirs gadaixdidiT. Tumca „Zviri“ xom fardobiTi cnebaa. adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, pirobiTad, XX lars arasodes gadaixdida am suvenirSi, magram Tqven, piriqiT, TvliT, rom is Zalianac iafia. is, rasac TiTqmis yvela turisti aRniSnavs forumebze - Tbilisi sacxovreblad sakmaod iafi qalaqia, maTi nawili isurvebda kidec aq cxovrebas. Cven xSirad gvsmenia, rom maRaziebSi turistebs ufro met Tanxas axdevineben xolme, taqsis mZRolebic met Tanxas iTxoven daniSnulebis adgilamde misayvanad, Tumca forumebze ver i poviT turists, romelic msgavs istorias hyveba. es, albaT, mainc gamyidvelisa Tu taqsis mZRolis keTil nebas unda davukavSiroT. amasobaSi mogSivdebodaT kidec da romelime restorans ewveodiT. xaWapurs, mwvads an xinkals - qarTuli samzareulos am sami burjidan romelimes mainc daagemovnebdiT. qarTuli samzareulos Sesaxeb forumebze namdvilad bevri iwereba. SeiZleba mogeCvenoT kidec, rom yvelaze metad turistebi swored qarTuli kerZebiT ixiblebian. isini didi mondomebiT urCeven erTmaneTs ra gasinjon, romel restoranSi mividnen da a.S

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amasobaSi mosaRamovdeboda kidec, da Tqven cota daRlili saRamos Tbilissac daaTvalierebdiT, trotuarebis ganapiras xSirad SexvdebodiT quCis musikosebs, xan jazis hangebs moismendiT, xanac rokis... nel-nela sastumroskenac aiRebdiT gezs. danarCen Tbiliss meore dRisvis moitovebdiT. romantikidan realobaSi gadmovinacvloT. marTalia, nebismier blogsa Tu forumze mxolod dadebiT Sefasebebs waikiTxavT Tbilissa da aq gatarebul droze. turistebis umravlesoba kmayofilia. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom turisti TbilisSi mxolod mokle droiT Camodis. Sesabamisad, ar aqvs imis dro, rom Tbilisis yvela ubani da kuTxe-kunWuli daaTvalieros. isini moZiebuli informaciis, an megobris Tu gidis rCeviT midian Tbilisis saxelganTqmul adgilebSi. ra sakvirvelia, kmayofili darCebian da moewonebaT. turistebi sul ramdenimejer iyeneben sazogadoebriv transports da xiblavT misi siiafe, Tumca, realoba isaa, rom sazogadoebrivi transportiT sargebloba Cvens qveyanaSi sakmaod arakomfortuli gaxda, gansakuTrebiT, pikis saaTebSi, amasTan avtobusebi moZvelebuli da Zalian „xmauriania.“ turistebi aRfrTovanebuli arian qarTveli xalxis stumarTmoyvareobiTa da megobrulobiT, momRimari saxeebiT. da Cven, qarTvelebi ratom ver vamCnevT erTamaneTis am Tvisebebs? quCaSi rom gadixar, iSviaTad SeamCnev momRimar saxes da rame rom dagWirdes ucnobebisgan, agresiasac unda elode sruliad umizezod. albaT, ukve mixvidodiT sastumroSi da dasaZineblad gamzadebuli ganvlil dRes gadaavlebdiT Tvals. ras ityviT, mogewonebodaT Tbilisi ucxoeli turisti rom yofiliyaviT?

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is, rac Tbiliss aferadebs adrindelTan SedarebiT, dRevandeli Tbilisi mxolod Senoba-nagebobebis saxecvlilebiT rodi gamoirCeva. 90-iani wlebidan kedlebze nel-nela Cndeba feradi naxatebi da warwerebi. visTvis vandaluri, visTvis ki gamoxatvis esTetikuri forma Tbilisis quCebs mravalferovnebasa da simetyveles sZens. warmogidgeniaT miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebi feradi naxatebis gareSe? mosawyenia, ara? (aq ar igulisxmeba „Tavisufleba cotnes“ an sxva uxamsi Sinaarsis Semcveli warwerebi). quCis xelovnebas saqarTveloSi didi istoria ar aqvs. is Tavisufali azrovnebis, gamoxatvis saSualebaa da tradiciuli saxelovnebo sivrcis konteqsts miRmaa. quCis mxatvrebi, igive „raiterebi“, naxatebis saSualebiT gamoxataven TavianT saTqmels, prostests da xSirad exmianebian qveyanaSi mimdinare socialur Tu politikur procesebs. amgvarad, maTi namuSevrebi gacilebiT Rrma datvirTvas iZens da scdeba esTetikuri siamovnebis momniWeblis CarCos.

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diliT vdgebiT,gavdivarT quCaSi da vxedavT, kedelze axal naxats/ warweras _ es guSindeli aqciis, msvlelobis, protestis gamoZaxilia, poziciaa, romelic avtorma swored Cvennair gamvlelebTan unda miitanos. es aris dialogi sazogadoebasTan, romelsac problemebTan Tvalis gasworeba sWirdeba. sasixaruloa, rom ,,strit art” xelovneba an, rogorc mas xSirad uwodeben, _ „urbanuli“, igive „partizanuli xelovneba“, nel-nela sakuTar adgils imkvidrebs da quCidan xSirad akademiur sivrceSic inacvlebs aRsaniSnavia, rom Tbilisis meriam kulturis, ganaTlebis, sportisa da axalgazrdul saqmeTa saqalaqo samsaxuris organizebiT 2017 wels qarTvel da ucxoel axalgazrdebs baraTaSvilis miwisqveSa gadasasvlelSi kedlebis moxatva SesTavaza. proeqtis mizani iyo strit art xelovnebis popularizaciis xelSewyoba-popularizacia da qalaqSi mcxovrebi niWieri raiterebis warmoCena, rac Zalian mniSvnelovania sferos

ganviTarebisaTvis. am mxriv metad mniSvnelovania 2017 wels TbilisSi daarsebuli grafitis skola _ Fabrikaffiti. rogorc organizatorebi aRniSnaven, proeqti xelovnebis am mimarTulebis moyvarulebs SesTavazebs ara mxolod skolas, aramed grafiti-maRazias, galereasa da saxelosnos. Tumca, erTi SexedviT, saxelmwifos mier „aRiarebul“ xelovnebas mainc erCian _ protestis gamomxatveli namuSevrebi xSirad iRebeba, iSleba an maxinjdeba ucnob pirTa mier, zogjer ki Tavad meriis TanamSromlebic ki arian SemCneulni msgavs qmedebaSi. sainteresoa, romeli ufro hgavs vandalizms - kedelze Sesrulebuli naxati Tu misi dazianebis aqti? dRes umetesoba vTanxmdebiT, rom quCis mxatvrobas dafaseba namdvilad sWirdeba. garda Semsruleblebis TviTgamoxatvis, protestis, ajanyebis, brZolis ideisa, nuTu ar mogwonT Tqveni quCis nacrisferi kedlis axali ferebi?

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redaqcia mTavari redaqtori mariam talaxaZe

nomris redaqtori akaki alagardaSvili

teqnikuri redaqtori keso boWoriSvili

damkabadoneblebi Jurnalistebi Tako canava ana msxalaZe xatia vardia irma kurtaniZe magda cercvaZe mariam vandoro merab papaSvili mariam samxaraZe qeTevan WeiSvili mariam rexviaSvili

garekanis foto irma kurtaniZe

megi nefariZe dea RirdalaZe keso boWoriSvili

stilistebi melano mesxi uCa papiaSvili elene gogolaZe ekaterine janiaSvili

koreqtorebi maka juReli elene lacabiZe maria bedoSvili

xelmZRvaneli asocirebuli profesori maia toraZe

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis Jurnalistikisa da masobrivi komunikaciis mimarTulebis studenturi saswavlo Jurnali

ekaterine janiaSvili