„mTis kaci” SoTa mirianaSvili saxelmwifo politika okupaciis mimarT prezidentobis kandidatebi da ganaTlebis politika
gv. 3
2018 wlis arCevnebSi saqarTvelos prezidentobis kandidatebi TavianT kampaniebSi gvTavazoben winasaarCevno Sexedulebebs qveynisTvis mniSvnelovan politikur, socialur da ekonomikur sakiTxebze. winasaarCevno kampaniebSi mniSvnelovani adgili eTmoba ganaTlebis politikasac.
protestis axali talRa Svilmokluli mamebis aqcia qarTuli ocnebis ofisTan
gv. 5
biznesis reketi Tu gadasaxadisgan Tavis aridebis mcdeloba?
gv. 5
gv. 4
studenturi cxovreba bagebSi gv. 13
okupacia ukve mravali welia grZeldeba da samoqalaqo aqtivistebi, Tu rigiTi moqalaqeebi aqtiurad cdiloben xma miawvdinon Crdiloel mezobels da uTxran - „ara okupacias.“ daZabuloba ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobebSi mravalwliani procesia da ara bolo Tveebis movlenebis Sedegi.
bagebis studqalaqis stumrobisas pirvel dauviwyar efeqts infrastruqtura axdens. gabzaruli kedlebi, wlebiswinandeli remonti, nestiani Weri da Zveli fanjrebi warsuls mogvagonebs. Tumca, studentebisTvis es erTaderTi unikaluri adgilia, radgan komfortis gareSec komfortulad cxovroben.
universiteti pirvelkurselebis gareSe
problemebi saqarTveloSi
18 wlis magda marRia dRes ilias saxelmwifo universitetis samarTlis skolaSi swavlobs. is erT-erTia im 800-mde abiturientidan, visTvisac ibsu prioriteti iyo, Tumca sasurvel universitetSi avtorizaciis sabWos gadawyvetilebis gamo ver moxvda. (romlis mixedviTac universitets erTi wliT SeezRuda pirvelkurselebis miReba). ambobs, rom misi uflebebi dairRva da Sroma, romelic Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso universitetSi mosaxvedrad gaswia, faqtobrivad, gacamtverda.
gv. 9
axalgazrda mxatvris
TaTia lorTqifaniZe: qarTul realobaSi stereoti pi davamsxvrie gv. 23
gv. 21
wels gamarTul Zalosnobis evropis CempioTu Tsu-is meore korpusis natze, 24 wlis qarTvelma pirvel sarTuls qvemoT Cauyve- Zalosanma TaTia lorTqibiT, fizikis laboratoriebis faniZem, atacSi, brinjaos gverdiT, rigiT 138-e oTaxSi medali moi pova. orWidis aucileblad dagxvdebaT Ggamx- jamSi ki, lorTqifaniZe dari, odnav mxrebSi moxrili, meoTxe adgilze gavida TeTri wveriT, naoWebiani saxiTa da mcire daaklda saerTo da Rrma nacrisferi TvalebiT CaTvlaSic aeRo medali. “vfiqrob, SemeZlo metis SoTa mirianaSvili - Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis nax- gakeTeba, ubralod, mwvrTevargamtarTa fizikis samecnie- nelebma Tavis Sekaveba ro-kvleviTi institutis di- mirCies, raTa travma ar reqtori. 82 wlis mTamsvleli. mimeRo da rasac mivaRwie imiTac.”
morigi rekordebi da oqros medali laSa talaxaZis SesrulebiT
interviu qristi botkovelTan
saerTo jamSi msoflio rekordi 453 kg iyo, romelic laSa talaxaZem uproblemod daamyara 474 kg. gv. 23
sulxan-saba orbelianis literaturuli muzeumi adgili, romelsac unda icnobde Tu saqarTveloSi mxatvrebi adre tiloebs yiddnen da am gziT naSovni fuliT sakuTari Tavisa da ojaxis rCenas cdilobdnen, TanamedroveobaSi maT profesiuli winsvlisTvis ufro meti Sansi eZlevaT. amis miuxedavad, sferoSi dResac bevri mougvarebeli problema rCeba.
gv. 16
qvemo qarTlSi, bolnisis maxloblad, sofel tanZiaSi, sulxan-sabas literaturuli muzeumia. rogorc tanZielebi aRniSnaven, is sakmaod mdidaria damTvaliereblebiT, aseve mniSvnelovani datvirTva aqvs adgilobrivebisTvisac.
gv. 17
politikis panorama
arCevnebi 2018
arCevnebis meore turis molodinSi myofi amomrCeveli
saprezidento arCevnebis pirvelma turma ,,maraTonis“ gamarjvebuli ver gamoavlina. orma mTavarma konkurentma salome zurabiSvilma da grigol vaSaZem ver SeZles pirvelsave turSi xmebis naxevari an ufro meti mieRoT. arCevnebis pirveli turidan TiTqmis naxevari Tvis Semdeg, sazogadoebam jer kidev ar icis, Tu rodis gaimarTeba meore turi. centralur saarCevno komisiaSi jer uWirT savaraudo TariRis dasaxeleba, magram ar gamoricxaven, rom SesaZlebelia arCevnebis meore turi samuSao dRes gaimarTos. rogorc centraluri saarCevno komisiis Tavjdomare Tamar Jvania ambobs, yvela savaraudo TariRi arasworia, radgan ceskos gadawyvetileba jer ar miuRia. „verafers getyviT, cesko-m unda miiRos gadawyvetileba, Sejamebis vadebzea damokidebuli. media ukve erTi kviraa sxvadasxva TariRs avrcelebs. arcerTi ar aris realuri manamde, sanam cesko ar gadawyvets. rogorc kanoni moiTxovs, ise dainiSneba”-, ganacxada Jvaniam. gavrcelebul informacias, rom arCevnebis meore turi SesaZloa Sua kviraSi Catardes politikosebi gamoexmaurnen. ,,gaerTianebuli opoziciis“ Stabis xelmZRvaneli giorgi vaSaZe fiqrobs, rom arCev-
nebis Sua kviraSi Catareba maTTvis miuRebelia. „SabaT-kvirasac dagamarcxebT, orSabaTsac, samSabaTsac, xuTSabaTsac da paraskevsac, imitom, rom Tqven ganaCeni qarTvelma xalxma gamogitanaT. magram risi eSiniaT, ratom undaT maincdamainc Sua kviraSi, isini fiqroben, rom amiT gansakuTebiT ucxour ubnebze, sadac totalurad movugeT, 52%-iT 22%, Tu ar vcdebi, salome zurabiSvils grigol vaSaZem mougo, gansakuTrebiT undaT, rom ucxour ubnebze Seqmnan problema”-, ganacxada giorgi vaSaZem. „evropuli saqarTvelos“ erT-erTi lideris sergo ratianis azriT ki, Tu arCevnebi marTlac Sua kviraSi Catardeba, es problemas Seuqmnis
ucxoeTSi mcxovreb qarTvel moqalaqeebs, romelTa umravlesobamac pirvel turSi mxari opozicias dauWira. „es aris wagebuli politikuri gundis ususuri mcdeloba, problema Seuqmnan adamianebs, romlebic Sua kviraSi muSaoben, aseve ucxoeTSi mcxovreb Cvens Tanamoqalaqeebs. es aris ususuri mcdeloba da yvela SemTxvevaSi maT davamarcxebT, ra dResac ar unda daniSnon es arCevnebi”,- ganacxada „evropuli saqarTvelos“ wevrma, sergo ratianma. saarCevno kodeqsis Tanaxmad, cesko arCevnebis pirveli turis gamarTvidan araugvianes me-20 dRisa, anu 17 noembrisa, Tavis sxdomaze ajamebs saqarTvelos prezidentis arCevnebis Sedegebs, saarCevno olqebis mixedviT da aformebs arCevnebis Sedegebis Semajamebel oqms, romelsac SedgenisTanave aqveynebs Tavis vebgverdze da gadascems „saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macnes“, romelic mas 2 dRis vadaSi aqveynebs, amis Semdeg cesko valdebulia arCevnebis meore turis TariRi gamoaqveynos.merab papaSvili
merab papaSvili
redaqtoris sveti warmoidgineT, saRamos samsaxuridan an universitetidan daRlili brundebiT da gsurT dRis siaxleebs gaecnoT. rTavT televizors,usmenT sainformacio gamoSvebas, fiqrobT, iqneb es ambavi mikerZoebulad gaSuqda? SedixarT romelime axali ambebis saagentos vebgverdze, raTa iqac gadaamowmoT axali ambebis interpretaciebi. politikuri Tu socialuri Temebis Semdeg, sportisa da kulturis rubrikebs elodebiT sainformacio gamoSvebaSi, an romelime specializebul vebgverds stumrobT. Tu am yvelaferze Tqveni moTmineba bolomde geyoT, uaresad daRlili, Tumca informirebuli asrulebT dRes da momdevno dRisTvis emzadebiT. es situacia albaT bevrisTvis nacnobia, gafantuli informaciis pirobebSi bevri platformis mediaproduqtis gacnoba gviwevs, Tu gvsurs, rom srulyofili da mravalferovani informacia miviRoT. aseT pirobebSi didi komfortia, roca yvela sferos Sesaxeb informacias erT sivrceSi iReb. swored aseTi komfortis Seqmnas isaxavs miznad Cveni gazeTi mkiTxvelebisTvis. gazeTi “panorama” moicavs yvela mniSvnelovan Temas, rac dRevandel qarTul sazogadoebaSi dgas. gazeTSi mkiTxveli gaecnoba yvela sferos panoramas erT sivrceSi ise, rom amisTvis mxolod gazeTis Semdeg gverdze gadafurcvla dasWirdeba. amasTan gazeTi miukerZoebelia da mTavari princi pi balansi da mkiTxvelis amomwuravad informirebaa.
SeniSvna: axali ambebi momzadebulia sxvadasxva mediasaSualebis masalaze dayrdnobiT.
mariam talaxaZe
moqalaqeTa CarTuloba 2018 wlis arCevnebSi
ukanasknel TveebSi, rigiT meSvide saprezidento arCevnebis gamo, saqarTvelo Cveni da saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis yuradRebis centrSi gansakuTrebulad moeqca. Tavisufali winasaarCevno garemos Seqmnas pluralisturi mediac pirvelive dRidan aqtiurad cdilobda. Tumca maTi CarTuloba ufro gaizarda mas Semdeg, rac mmarTvelma partiam 13 ivliss sakuTari kandidatis wardgenis nacvlad, mxari damoukidebel kandidats, salome zurabiSvils, dauWira. gaizarda aseve moqalaqeTa interesi saboloo SedegebTan dakavSirebiT. Tumca arCevnebis dRes, 28 oqtombers, kidev erTxel dadasturda, rom qarTveli xalxi moqalaqeobriv valdebulebas- gaakeTos arCevani, seriozulad ar afasebs. sazogadoeba isev gaiyo, zogi wavida arCevnebze, zogma gaadwyvita, rom maTi xma arafers Secvlida da sakuTar uflebaze kidev erTxel Tqva uari. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 95% Tanxmdeba, rom qveynis demokratiuli ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovania moqalaqeTa monawileoba sazogadoebriv procesebSi. arCevnebis dRes ki es mtkice mosazreba mxolod 46,74%-ma daafiqsira. anu arCevnebze mxolod 1 637 956 adamiani mivida, rac mTeli mosaxleobis naxevarsac ar utoldeba. problemaa is, rom es raodenoba 2013 wlis saprezidento arCevnebze amomrCevelTa aqtivobis msgavsia. Sesabami-
2
sad, sazogadoebis survili, Secvalos sakuTarTan erTad qveynis momavali, kvlav ucvlelia. miuxedavad imisa, rom wels moqalaqeTa aqtivobis kleba ar SeiniSneboda, is mainc ar gaumjobesebula. es adasturebs, rom protesti qarTvel xalxSi isev ar arsebobs. grZeldeba e.w „Seguebis procesi“, romlis gamosworebis realuri Sansi moqalaqeTa TiToeul xmas aqvs, ra Tqma unda, Tu gamoviyenebT. rodesac samoqalaqo CarTulobaze vsaubrobT, vgulisxmobT, rom adamiani xelisuflebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis pasiuri Semsrulebeli ar unda gaxdes. mTavroba ki angariSvaldebuli unda iyos maT winaSe. zogierTi kandidatisTvis swored es aris ormxirvi kavSiri, zogisTvis ki ukve arsebuli demokratiis sawindari, romelic arc 2018 wlis arCevnebze Sedga. rac ar unda visaubroT „demokratiulad Catarebul“ arCevnebze. sazogadoeba dainteresebulia mxolod SedegebiT. am Sedegebis cvlilebebSi ki monawileoba naxevarze mets ar surs. qarTvel xalxs mizezad, Tu ratom acxadebs uars sakuTar moqalaqeobriv valdbulebaze, mravali welia ucvleli pasuxebi aqvs: „Cemi xmiT araferi Seicvleba“, „ra azri aqvs“ da sxva. yovel arCevnebze es frazebi Cveni yoveldRiurobis nawili xdeba. sazogadoeba, romelic xelisuflebas mravali wlis manZilze eyrdnoba, ndobas kargavs. protestis gaCenis nacvlad ki, Tavisufali nebis gamoxatvaze ambobs uars. maT ar jeraT, rom cvlilebebi SesaZlebeli da ganxorcielebadia. amitom irCeven dumils, magram ver acnobiereben, rom arCevnebze armisvla azaralebs cvlilebebis molodinSi xmis misacemad misul Tanamoqalaqeebs. demokratiuli sazogadoeba dominos princi pzea agebuli. rac imas niSnavs, rom erTis moqmedeba sxvebis gamococx-
lebas iwvevs da piriqiT, erTis umoqmedoba mTlian process umoZraos xdis. arCevnebis meore turi dainiSna. amJamad kandidatebi imedgacruebas gamoxataven, radgan egzitpolebis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT Seqmnili winaswari ganwyobebi, ceskos Sedegebis gamocxadebasTan erTad gauqraT. mmarTveli partia amis mizezad damoukidebeli kandidatis mxardaWeras asaxelebs. kaxi kalaZis gancxadebiT, maTi amomrCevlis naklebi mobilizaciis mizezi, “qarTuli ocnebis” mier sakuTari kandidatis arwardgena iyo . gansxavevbuli Sexedulebebi aqvs moqalaqeTa CarTulobaze politolog gia xuxaSvils, romelmac CvenTan saubrisas mimdinare movlenebi kritikulad Seafasa da 2018 wlis arCevnebs anti-arCevnebi uwoda: „gasagebia aseTi dabali CarTuloba, radgan, saSualo statistikuri amomrCeveli fiqrobs, rom mas ar aqvs normaluri arCevani. arCevani, orientirebuli ukeTes momavalze da maTi problemebis gadawyvetaze. amitom is aris distancirebuli arsebuli politikuri situaciebisgan.“
dabal CarTulobis mizezs sazogadoebis gulgril damokidebulebasTan erTad iwvevs kandidatebis winasaarCevno kampaniebic. isini mxolod urTierTbraldebebsa da erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego agitaciebze iyvnen damokidebulni. Tumca hqondaT Tavisufali garemo sakuTari ideebis moqalaqeTaTvis gasacnobad. gamokiTxvebi aCvenebs, rom
aseTi garemo amomrCevelSi politikur nihilizms iwvevs. maT politika samoqalaqo movaleobaze metad binZur saqmed miaCniaT da uars acxadeben arCevnebSi monawileobaze. saqarTveloSi individebis aseTi gulgriloba mravalwliani, ucvleli sistemis gamo Camoyalibda. gaCnda rwmena, rom saxelmwifo ver SeZlebs amomrCevelTa xmebis dacvas, MmaSin, roca samarTlianobis aRdgenas sasamarTloSic ki ver axerxebs. aseTi tendencia, gansakuTrebiT SeiniSneba axalgazrdebSi, romlebic wina wlebTan gansxvavebiT 2018 wels maRali aqtiurobiT gamoirCeodnen. am maCvenebelma mainc ver miaRwia sasurvel zRvars. yvelaze maRali aqtivoba yovelTvis fiqsirdeba 56 wlis zemoT asakis mqone jgufebSi, romelTaTvis arCevnebze siaruli Zveli Cveva ufroa, vidre gaazrebuli qmedeba- Secvalon momavali. saqarTvelom, romelsac saxelmwifoebriobis Zalian mcire gamocdileba aqvs, rom ganaxorcielos efeqturi da grZelvadiani politika, mniSvnelovania moqalaqeTa damokidebulebis cvlileba. maTi politikuri kultura da Rirebulebebi unda Seesabamebodes demokratizaciis process. es ki gamoixateba xmis uflebaSi, romelzec uari 2018 wlis arCevnebis pirvel turSi mosaxleobis naxevraze metma ganacxada. Tanabrad mniSvnelovania politikuri elitac, romelic myari ideologiuri platformis Seqmnis gareSe kidev ufro dascildeba amomrCevels. mniSvnelovania, rom kandidatebma sakuTari dapirebebi oponentebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli gamosvlebiT ki ar SefuTon, aramed daiwyon saubari calkeuli jgufebis interesebsa da samomavlo peqspeqtivebis dasaxvaze.
ana msxalaZe
politikis panorama
prezidentobis kandidatebi da ganaTlebis politika
arCevnebi 2018
axali konstituciiT prezidentis uflebamosileba kidev ufro Seikveca, Tumca igi qveynis mTavari warmomadgenelad rCeba saerTaSori asparezze, rac saSualebas aZlevs aqtiurad imuSaos di plomatiur da qveynis suverenitetTan dakavSirebul rig sakiTxebze. saqarTvelos prezidentobis kandidatebi TavianT kampaniebSi gvTavazoben winasaarCevno Sexedulebebs qveynisTvis mniSvnelovan politikur, socialur da ekonomikur sakiTxebze. winasaarCevno kampaniebSi mniSvnelovani adgili eTmoba ganaTlebis politikasac. miuxedavad imisa, rom prezidents ar aqvs sakanonmdeblo iniciativis wardgenis ufleba da misi saprezidento fondic SezRudulia, araerTi kandidatis winasaarCevno dapirebaa ganaTlebis dafinanseba da saganmanaTlebo sistemis reforma. “evropuli saqarTvelos” prezidentobis kandidati daviT baqraZe ekonomikuri zrdisa da siRaribis daZlevis erTerT mTavar gzad qveyanaSi swored ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebas miiCnevs. gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi igi qarTvel studentebs prezidentis sarezervo fondidan ucxoeTSi swavlis dafinansebas hpirdeba. agreTve “evropuli saqarTvelos” saparlamento gundTan erTad mTavrobisTvis konkretuli winadadebebis wardgenas gegmavs, dawyebiTi, saSualo da umaRlesi ganaT-
lebis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad. “erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis” kandidati grigol vaSaZis azriT, ganaTlebis politikis xedva unda eyrdnobodes misi ciklurobis, inkluziurobis gaazrebas. “mniSvnelovania miznobrivi ganaTlebis instrumentebis danergva saswavlo procesSi – individis pirovnuli ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa ganaTlebis yvela safexurze, socializaciis, pirovnuli warmatebis, TviTSefasebisa da moqalaqeobrivi
TviTSegnebis unarebis ganviTareba.” Rogorc vaSaZe aRniSnavs, saganmanaTleblo sferoSi progresis misaRwevad mniSvnelovania iseTi nabijebis gadadgma, rogoricaa: gnaTlebis biujetis gaormageba, depolitizacia, sabavSvo baRebis vauCerul dafinansebaze gadasvla, inkluziuri ganaTlebis xelSewyoba, pedagogTa sertificirebis wesis gadaxedva da maswavleblis anazRaurebis 1000 laramde gazrda, umaRles saswavleblebSi miRebis wesis cvlile-
ba, saxelmwifos mier im socialurad daucveli studentebis dafinanseba, romelTa sareitingo qulac 200 000mdea, araformaluri ganaTlebis xelSewyoba da sxva. “leiboristuli partiis” warmomadgeneli - Salva naTelaSvili miiCnevs, rom ganaTleba saxelmwifo biujetidan unda dafinansdes, rogorc es germanul-avstriuli modelis SemTxvevaSi xdeba. „Senebis moZraobis”, „Tavisufali demokratebisa” da „erovnuli forumis” rCeuli kandidati – daviT usufaSvilis azriT ki prezidentis xelT arsebuli SezRuduli finansuri resursis sistemuri cvlilebebisken, an kerZo fondebis moZiebisken unda miimarTos, raTa ufro meti studentis dafinanseba gaxdes SesaZlebeli. “girCis” lideri zurab jafariZe ganaTlebis sferos regulaciebisagan da sabWoTa saganmanaTleblo sistemis niSnebisagan gaTavisuflebaSi xedavs gamosavals. ganaTlebis sferos Sinaarsis, xarisxisa da menejmentis gaumjobeseba ki kerZo sferos prerogativad miaCnia. rac Seexeba mmarTveli partiis mier mxardaWeril kandidats, salome zurabiSvils jer ar daufiqsirebia konkretuli pozicia mocemul sakiTxze.
ana melaSvili
ufaso politikuri reklama samarTliani Tu arademokratiuli praqtika? 2018 wlis saprezidento arCevnebze 25 kandidatidan daregistrirda. prezidentobisTvis brZolaSi erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani da Zlieri iaraRi satelevizio reklamaa, Tumca saqarTveloSi moqmedi ufaso politikuri reklamis mimRebi am 25 kandidatidan mxolod 14 subieqti iyo. darCenil 11 kandidats ki mxolod fasiani reklamiT sargebloba SeeZlo. gamodis, rom ufaso politikuri reklamis wesi araTanabar pirobebSi ayenebs saarCevno kandidatebs da gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT amas politikur asparezze axalgamoCenili subieqtebi grZnoben sakuTar Tavze. ufaso politikuri reklamisTvis saeTero drois daTmobis valdebuleba aqvT saerTo mauwyeblobis licenziis mqone mediasaSualebebs da es sakiTxi mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis 66-e muxliT regulirdeba. ufaso politikuri reklamis pirobebSi saxelmwifo biujeti ixarjeba kvalificiur subieqtTa reklamaze, roca arakvalificiuri subieqtebi an axali saarCevno kandidatebi ver iReben ufaso reklamas da kvlav rCebian sazogadoebisTvis ucnobebad, swored amitom ufaso politikuri reklamis praqtika vnebs politikur pluralizms. realurad Tu SevxedavT, ufaso reklama ergeba kvlav imas, visac finansurad isedac ukeTesi mdgomareoba aqvs vidre axal politikur subieqtebs, anu ufaso reklamis mosargebleebs aqvT resursi imisa, rom SeukveTon fasiani politikuri reklama, gansxvavebiT im axali subieqtebisgan, romelTac politikur asparezze moRvaweobis didi istoria ar aqvT da Sesabamisad ar aqvT imxela resursi dagrovebuli, rom fasian politikur reklamas gaswvdnen. amrigad, iqmneba erTgvari mojadoebuli wre, Tu axal politikur subieqts, romelsac wina arCevnebSi ar miuRia xmaTa 4%, ar iTvleba kvalificiur subieqtad, Sesabamisad ver iRebs ufaso reklamas, amis gamo mas amomrCeveli ver icnobs da mxardaWeris mopoveba rTuldeba, dgeba
arCevnebi da axali subieqti kvlav ver iRebs xmaTa saWiro raodenobas, raTa gaxdes kvalificiuri subieqti da miiRos ufaso politikuri reklama, es grZeldeba dausruleblad. swored amitom ufaso politikuri reklama „STanTqavs“politikur asparezze axalgamoCenil subieqtebs. sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis SemTxvevaSi ufaso politikuri reklamis ganTavseba SesaZloa ufro samarTliani iyos, vidre sxva televiziebis SemTxvevaSi, radgan mas sazogadoebis srulyofili informireba aqvs sakuTar Tavze aRebuli. sazogadod, ufaso politikuri reklamis drois ganawilebis sami saxe arsebobs: • Tanabari ganawileba- arCevnebSi monawile yvela partias aqvs erTnairi droiTi CarCo reklamis gansaTavseblad • proporciuli- droiTi CarCo damokidebulia partiis wina arCevnebis Sedegze, parlamentSi mis warmomadgenlobaze; • Sereuli- reklamis minimaluri dro eTmoba yvela kandidatsa Tu partias, romelic arCevnebSi monawileobs, Tumca ufro popularul partiebs meti dro eTmobaT. saqarTveloSi proporciuli sistema moqmedebs, anu mxolod kvalificiur subieqtebs eTmobaT ufaso sareklamo dro, partiebi Tu kandidatebi, romlebic magaliTad pirvelad monawileoben arCevnebSi, ufaso politikur reklamas ver iReben. saqarTvelos garda, aris ramdenime qveyana, sadac ufaso politikuri reklamis praqtika arsebobs. aseTebia magaliTad albaneTi, bosnia-hercogovina, kosovo, makedonia, montenegro, serbeTi, TurqeTi. Tumca TiToeul maTgans sareklamo drois ganawilebis Tavisi modeli aqvs. CamoTvlilTagan sakmaod kanonierad SeiZleba CaiTvalos albaneTis modeli, romelic partiebs, romlebmac wina arCevnebSi minimum 20%-iani mxardaWera miiRes, 30-wuTiani tribuna eTmobaT rogorc televiziaSi, ise radioSi. danarCen partiebs ki, romlebsac ar hqoniaT 20%-iani mxardaWera, 10-wuTiani sareklamo dro eTmobaT radiosa da televiziaSi.
unda aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom ufaso politikuri reklamis praqtikis mqone qveynebidan, arcerTi iTvleba maRalganviTarebulad, piriqiT, isini postsabWoTa ganviTarebadi qveynebi arian. usmarTlod miaCnia ufaso politikuri reklama „mauwyebelTa aliansis ganviTarebis“ direqtor naTia kupraSvils, is CvenTan saubrisas ambobs: „ufaso politikuri reklamis sakanonmdeblo regulacia aris problemuri da namdvilad ar qmnis Tanabar pirobebs saarCevmo subieqtebisTvis, Zalian cudad moqmedebs mediagaremosa da mis mdgradobaze“. ufaso politikuri reklamis praqtika gansakuTrebiT problemuria saprezidento arCevnebis dros, amas ganapirobebs is faqti, rom saprezidento arCevnebisas gvyavs damoukidebeli kandidatebi, romlebic arcerT partias ar ekuTvnian, bunebrivia isini ar iTvlebian kvalificiur subieqtebad, radgan maTi partia wina arCevnebze ver miiRebda xmaTa 4 %-s. 2018 wlis saprezidento arCevnebSi daregistrirebuli 25 kandidatidan 6 damoukidebeli kandidatia, maT Sorisaa salome zurabiSvili, romelsac mmarTveli partia uWers mxars. garda amisa 25 kandidatidan kvalificiuria 14, gamodis, rom ufaso politikuri reklamiT sargeblobs 14 kandidati, danarCen 11-s ki mxolod fasiani reklamiT sargebloba SeuZlia. arakvalificiuri politikuri subieqtebidan erTerTia zurab jafariZe, partia „girCis“ warmomadgeneli. jafariZe SeiZleba ganvixiloT politikur asparezze axalgamoCenil kandidatad. mis reklamas telesivrceSi ver SexvdebiT ori mizezis gamo, mas ufaso politikuri reklama „ar ekuTvnis“, partias ki, savaraudod amisTvis sakmarisi fuli ar aqvs. man saprezidento arCevnebSi xmaTa 2.26% miiRo, is kvlav ver gaxda kvalificiuri subieqti, risi mizezic garkveulwilad satelevizio sivrceSi misi reklamis ararsebobaa. ufaso politikuri reklamis mTavar sargeblad SeiZleba is CavTvaloT, rom
is exmareba kvalificiuri subieqtebs, romelTac aqvT mxardaWera sazogadoebisgan, gaacnon sakuTari saarCevno programa mosaxleobas. maT mxolod uwevT sareklamo rgolis gadasaRebad finansebiT gamoyofa, mis gavrcelebaSi ki Tanxas ar ixdian. 2018 wlis saprezidento arCevnebis Sedegs Tu gadavxedavT, swored kvalificiurma subieqtebma miiRes xmaTa umravlesoba. marTalia, salome zurabiSvili, romelmac xmaTa 38, 64% miiRo, arakvalificuri subieqti iyo, Tumca radgan mas mmarTvelma partiam dauWira mxari, mas hqonda fasiani politikuri reklama. grigol vaSaZe da daviT baqraZe ki, romlebmac zurabiSvilis Semdeg yvelaze meti xma miiRes, aseve sargeblobdnen ufaso sareklamo droiT. zemoT ganxiluli sami modelidan, saqarTvelos realobisTvis yvelaze mosaxerxebeli Sereuli midelia, aseT SemTxvevaSi kvalificiuri subieqtebic isargebleben reklamiT da politikur asparezze axalgamoCenil kandidatebsa Tu partiebsac SeeZlebaT sakuTari programiT gaecnon amomrCevels. marTalia, amiT saerTo sareklamo dro gaizrdeba, Tumca amis daregulireba martivad SeiZleba TiToeuli kandidatis sareklamo Wris xangrZlivobis SezRudviT, raTa yvelas Tanbrad SeeZlos sakuTari prioritetebis prezentacia mediis saSualebiT. Tumca yuradsaRebia sareklamo bazris amoqmedebis sakiTxic winasaarCevnod, Tu ufaso politikuri reklama gauqmdeba, fasian modelze gadasvla Tavdapirvelad SesaZlo mtkivneulic iyos, Tumca kargi isaa, rom mediabazarze Semosavlebi gaizrdeba da konkurenciac moimatebs. mTavari am sakiTxSi isaa, rom ufaso politikuri reklamis arseboba im saxiT rogoriTac dRes gvaqvs, ar ayenebs kandidatebs Tanabar pirobebSi da rac yvelaze mTavaria axal politikur Zalebs daCagrulis poziciaSi amyofebs.
mariam talaxaZe
3
politikis panorama
saxelmwifo politika okupaciis mimarT
axalgoris raionis sofel orWosansa da goris munici palitetis sofel xurvaleTSi rusma okupantebma samxreT oseTis respublikis aRmniSvneli baneri axsnes. goris raionis sofeli berSueTic ar aris gamonaklisi, sadac sazRvris aRmniSvneli axali baneris dadgmis Semdeg, erT-erTi adgilobrivi fermeris aTi heqtari miwis nakveTi okupirebul teritoriaze aRmoCnda. arCil tatunaSvilisa da giga oTxozorias wamebiT sikvdili, sofel xurvaleTTan gatacebuli adgilobrivi mcxovrebis, 37 wlis maia oTanaSvilis, lomisis mamaTa monasterTan ber-monazonisa da mrevlis wevris gataceba – es im faqtebis arasruli CamonaTvalia, rasac rusis jari qarTul miwaze axorcielebs. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedebebi rusi okupantebisTvis ukve bunebrivi qmedebaa. egred wodebuli mcocavi okupaciis winaaRmdeg sazogadoebis protesti ar wydeba, Tumca okupantebis garda, sazogadoebis risxva daimsaxura saqarTvelos mTavrobamac, romelsac okupaciis SesaCereblad arasaTanado Zalisxmevis gamo sayveduroben. okupacia ukve mravali welia grZeldeba da samoqalaqo aqtivistebi, Tu rigiTi moqalaqeebi aqtiurad cdiloben xma miawvdinon Crdiloel mezobels da uTxran - „ara okupacias.“ daZabuloba ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobebSi mravalwliani procesia da ara bolo Tveebis movlenebis Sedegi. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg kremli dRemde ver egueba saqarTvelos suverenitetsa da damoukideblobas. erTmorwmune mezobels yovelTvis hqonda Camoyalibebuli interesebi am regionis, gansakuTrebiT, saqarTvelos mimarT, vinaidan Cveni qveyana aris gzajvaredini energetikuli sabadoebis mimarTulebiT. aqedan gamomdinare, ruseTi cdilobs, dasavleTs ar dauTmos poziciebi am regionSi. 2008 wlis „agvistos omi“ ki am „Zvirfasi mezobluri urTierTobis“ damagvirgvinebeli aRmoCnda, ramac Sedegad mogvitana is, rom rusuli politika dRes ukiduresad agresiulia. sazRvris gadmowevis garda, saokupacio xazze regularulad akaveben da itaceben adamianebs. mimdebare teritoriebze mcxovreb mosaxleobas uzRudaven Tavisuflad gadaadgilebas. okupirebul teritoriebze mcxovrebi qarTvelebis mimarT grZeldeba eTnikuri diskriminacia da maTi uflebebis Selaxva. ruseTis saokupacio reJimi cdilobs ufro met izolaciaSi moaqcios afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionebSi mcxovrebi adamianebi. maTi provokaciuli qmedebebis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos mTavroba agrZelebs Tavis samSvidobo politikas da di plo-
4
matiis, molaparakebebisa da dialogis gziT cdilobs konfliqtis mSvidobian mogvarebas. saqarTvelos saxelmwifos okupirebuli teritoriebis mimarT ori ZiriTadi: araRiarebisa da CarTulobis politika aqvs araRiarebis politika aris Cveni sagareo politikis erT-erTi qvakuTxedi da umniSvnelovanesi procesi. is gulisxmobs di plomatiuri urTierTobebis gaZlierebasa da gaRrmavebas msoflios sxvadasxva saxelmwifosTan. ekonomikuri kavSir-urTierTobebis warmoebas, yvela mSvidobiani, saxelmwifoTaSorisi meqanizmebis gamoyenebas. maT Soris, lobizmis gaZlierebas, raTa sxva qveynebma ar aRiaron okupirebuli teritoriebis damoukidebloba. araRiarebis politikis Sedegad, Tavisuflad SeiZleba CaiTvalos tuvalus da vanuatus SemTxveva. am qveynebma 2011 wels aRiares separatistuli regionebis damoukidebloba, Tumca 2013 da 2014 wlebSi, mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelom maTTan di plomatiuri urTierTobebi daamyara, aRiareba ukan waiRes. araRiarebis politikis miRwevad da mxardaWerad miiCneva amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mier 2017 wlis 5 maiss deklarirebuli aqti, romelSic Caiwera Semdegi: amerikis dafinansebiT ver isargebleben im qveynebis centraluri mTavrobebi, romlebmac aRiares saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebi an/da daamyares maTTan di plomatiuri urTierTobebi. aRsaniSnavia CarTulobis politikac, romlis mizania, gaaZlieros da xeli Seuwyos saqarTvelos xelisuflebisa da xalxis erTobliv Zalisxmevas mTavrobis mier dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad. saxelmwifos CarTulobis strategiis gegmis dokumentSi vkiTxulobT: „strategia gamoxatavs saqarTvelos uryev gadawyvetilebas, miaRwios afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionis sruli deokupacia, Seaqcios ruseTis federaciis mier okupirebuli teritoriebis aneqsiis procesi da mSvidobiani gziT moaxdinos am teritoriebis da mosaxleobis reintegracia saqarTvelos konstituciur sivrceSi.” zemoaRniSnuli ori ZiriTadi saxis politika saxelmwifos oficialurad aqvs gansazRvruli, magram sainteresoa, rogor muSaobs es strategia da realurad ramdenad efeqturia is. 2012 wlis Semdeg axalma xelisuflebam gadawyvita, rom Seemcirebina „temperatura,“ daZabuloba or qveyanas Soris. garkveulwilad, SeiZleba es pozitiur nabijad aRviqvaT, Tu davakvirdebiT ruseTSi Catarebul sazogadoebrivi gamokiTxvis Sedegebs. rusuli „levada centris“ gamokiTxvis mixedviT, 2017 wels ruseTis moqalaqeebis mxolod 9% miiCnevs, rom “saqarTvelo mteria”. maSin roca, 2009 wels - es
maCvenebeli 62%-s Seadgenda. SeiZleba, es ar aRmoCndes sakmarisad efeqturi axali agresiis Tavidan asacileblad da deokupaciis TvalsazrisiT. ruseTTan urTierTobebis kuTxiT, axali politikiT, Cven mxolod aseT Sedegs mivaRwieT: didad ar Semcirebula daZabuloba ormxriv urTierTobebSi, gaizarda Cveni Rvinisa da mineraluri wylis eqsporti, magram aseve gaizarda ruseTidan importi. dRes sazogadoebas saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobebis Sesaxeb da mTavrobis gegmebTan dakavSirebiT araerTgvarovani informacia miewodeba. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis mxridan xSirad gvesmis, rom Cveni qveyana natosa da evrokavSirisken miiswrafvis, rom vgmobT rusul agresias da ar veguebiT okupirebuli teritoriebis arsebobas, magram sazogadoeba mainc dabneulia. mTavrobis gzavnilebi mkafio ar aris. xelisuflebas konkretuli, Camoyalibebuli, gaazrebuli da Sedegiani politika, Tu rogor daupirispirdes okupacias, ar aqvs. saqarTvelos mTavroba ukve wlebia cdilobs partnioruli urTierTobebi daamyaros Crdiloel mezobelTan, magram faqtia, rom dRes ruseTis qmedebebi mTeli erisTvis did problemas warmoadgens. valeri CeCelaSvili, rondelis fondis ufrosi mecnier-TanamSromeli: „2012 wlis Semdeg ruseTis mimarT saqarTvelos warmoebuli axali sagareo-politikuri kursi ruseTisTvis aranair Rirebulebas ar warmoadgens da ar uqmnis moskovs motivacias, okupirebul regionebTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi politika Secvalos.“
liderebma bevri sakiTxi ganixiles. maT Soris, ukrainis Temac, magram arc erTxel ar yofila naxsenebi saqarTvelo. es gvafiqrebinebs imas, rom saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso dRis wesrigis sakvanZo sakiTxebSi aRar aris da sagareo politikuri midgoma Sesacvlelia. “dRes Cvens mTavrobs e.w Sualeduri sagareo politikuri xazi aqvs arCeuli, rodesac dasavleTTan daaxloebis survili eTavseba ruseTTan realuri Sedegis mqone TanamSromlobis mcdelobas, rac ar amarTlebs da jerjerobiT aranairi Sedegi ar moaqvs. ukve cxadia, rom princi puli daTmobebis gareSe dRevandel ruseTTan urTierTobebis mowesrigebas Cven ver SevZlebT. am daTmobebis fasi ki, didi albaTobiT, teritoriul mTlianobaze uaris Tqmaa, rasac vercerTi mTavroba ver/ar izams“, - ambobs konfliqtologi qeTi nadiraZe. sakmaod rTulia raime konkretulze saubari, Tumca faqti erTia, ruseTis mTavari amocanaa Seaguos saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba im azrs, rom afxazeTi da cxinvalis regioni aRarasodes daubrundeba saqarTvelos da am yvelafris fonze xelisuflebas kvlav ar aqvs qmediTunariani politika. konfliqtologebis da analitikosebis azriT, Cveni qveynis strategia maqsimalurad Sedegiani unda iyos, saWiroa ufro meti aqtiuroba, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis „Sewuxeba“ okupaciis sakiTxebSi CarTvisTvis. rogorc xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi amboben, aqtiurad mimdinareobs saerTaSoriso sazogadoebasTan molaparakebebi, magram odnavi Sedegic ki ar aris jer.
saqarTvelos axali sagareo politika, romelic gulisxmobs daZabulobis ganmuxtvas da saerTaSoriso asparezidan gaqrobas, ruseTisTvis sakmaod momgebiania. asparezidan gaqrobaSi vgulisxmob msgavsi Sinaarsis politikas: “saqarTvelo unda gaqres, rogorc dapirispirebis sagani dasavleTsa da ruseTs Soris.” 2016 wels Zalian aqtiurad mimdinareobda saubari am koncefciaze da misi Sedegia is, rom saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso dRis wesrigidan gaqra. arcerT ormxriv komunikaciaSi, romelic dasavlel liderebs ruseTis xelisuflebasTan aqvT, saqarTvelodan rusuli jarebis gayvanis moTxovna aRar figurirebs. amis naTeli magaliTia, zafxulSi, qalaq helsinkiSi, donald trampisa da vladimer putinis Sexvedra, romelzec wamyvani qveynebis
daskvnis saxiT mxolod erTi ramis Tqma SeiZleba calsaxad, rom saqarTvelo sakmaod seriozuli gamowvevebis winaSe dgas. am gamowvevebTan gamklavebisTvis ki, saWiroa kargad gavaanalizoT saqarTvelos mimdinare sagareo politika da gadaidgas konkretuli nabijebi mdgomareobis ukeTesobisken SecvlisTvis, vinaidan e.w zomieri politika Sedegis momtani ar iqneba. saokupacio xazTan ki kvlav daZabuli viTarebaa, adamianebis Seviwroeba da gataceba isev xdeba. sazogadoeba momavlis imediT cxovrobs. im imediT, rom odesme dadgeba dRe, roca moqalaqeebs Tavisuflad SeeZlebaT gadaadgileba amJamad okupirebul teritoriebze da daubrundebian TavianT saxl-kars..
dea RirdalaZe
politikis panorama protestis axali talRa Svilmokluli mamebis aqcia qarTuli ocnebis ofisTan
Svilmoklulma mamebma mmrTveli gundis ofisTan saprotesto msvleloba gamarTes. saraliZem da maCalikaSvilma partiis ofisTan xelisuflebis nabijebi gaaprotestes da damnaSaveebis dasja moiTxoves. saprotesto aqciaze malxaz maCalikaSvilma konkretuli moTxovnebi wauyena xelisuflebas da saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxuris yofili pasuxisgebaSi micema moiTxova. maCalikaSvilis braldebis mTavari adresati ki isev usafrTxoebis samsaxuris ufrosis yofili moadgile soso gogaSvili iyo - ,, Cven
viciT, rom viTom gogaSvili iyo gaTavisuflebuli samsaxuridan, mere daniSnes Stabis ufrosad, Cven moviTxovT ara marto soso gogaSvilis, Cven moviTxovT mTlianad es usafrTxoebis samsaxuris maRalCinosnebi iqnan pasuxisgebaSi micemuli da iqnas dasjili im specrazmelebTan erTad, vinc es sisxliani teraqtuli aqti Caidina”, - ganacxada maCalikaSvilma. xoravas quCaze mokluli daviT saraliZis mamam, zaza saraliZem ki kidev erTxel mouwoda xelisuflebas droulad gamoiZios saqme da dasajos ara marto misi
Svilis mkvlelebi, aramed is maRalCinosnebic, romlebic saqmis gayalbebaSi monawileobdnen- „araferi ar aris gakeTebuli sasamarTlo procesis dasrulebis Semdeg, ori mkvleli gareT dadis. es xelisufleba arafris gakeTebas ar apirebs, piriqiT, mkvlelebs mfarvelobs. kargi iqneba maTTvis, Tu miscemen pasuxisgebaSi, Tu arada sxva xelisuflebis xelSi mouwevs am gamoZiebas xelaxali dawyeba“- ganacxada saraliZem. qarTuli ocnebis ofisTan Sekrebil moqalaqeebs sityviT Temirlan maCalikaSvilis ojaxis wevrebma da xeobis macxovreblebmac mimarTes da samarTlianobis aRdgena moiTxoves. miuxedvad imisa, rom Tavidanve daanonsebuli iyo, rom aqcia mSvidobiani iqneboda, mmarTveli gundis ofisis win mainc iyo mobilizebuli policielebis gansakuTrebuli raodenoba.
“evropuli saqarTvelo” partiis ramdenime wevrma datova didi cvlilebebi arCevnebis meore turamde daiwyo. „gaerTianebuli opoziciisTvis“ mxardaWeris gamocxadebis Semdeg, partia ,,evropuli saqarTvelo“ varkeTilis organizaciis wevrebma datoves. rogorc mediisTvis xdeba cnobili partiis datovebis mizezi swored „gaerTianebuli opoziciisTvis“ mxardaWeris gamocxadeba gaxda. varkeTilis organizaciis yofili Tavjdomare akaki velTauri ambobs, rom isini Tavs motyuebulad grZnoben, radgan gundis es pozicia SeTanxmebuli ar iyo dabal eSelonebSi. amave gancxadebaSi velTauris TqmiT, isini yvelafers gaakeTeben, rom Zalaufleba isev usamarTlo reJimis xelSi ar dabrundes. informacias telekompania imedi avrcelebs. partiis ukve yofil wevrebs gamoexmaurnen „evropul saqarTveloSi“. partiaSi amboben, rom
es veranair gavlenas ver moaxdens arCevnebis meore turis Sedegze. maT miaCniaT, rom saqme gvaqvs qarTuli ocnebisa da usafrTxoebis samsaxuris erTobliv qmedebasTan. „ra Tqma unda, samwuxaro faqti moxda, “qarTuli ocneba” da „sus-i“ meore turisTvis aseTi meTodebiT cdiloben Sedegis miRwevas, Tumca varkeTilelebs sasurveli gadawyvetileba miRebuli aqvT da es veranair gavlenas ver moaxdens, rom salome zurabiSvili da biZina ivaniSvili damarcxdnen rogorc varkeTilSi, aseve mTels saqarTveloSi”,- ganacxada “interpresniusTan”
saubrisas samgoris raionuli organizaciis xelmZRvanelma daviT JRentma. SegaxsenebT, rom „evropuli saqarTvelos“ wevrebma es gadawyvetileba mas Semdeg miiRes, rac maTma liderebma mxari „gaerTianebul opozicias“ Riad dauWires. ufro konkretulad, am gadawyvetilebas win uZRoda gigi ugulavas viziti helsinkiSi. fineTis dedaqalaqSi ugulava yofil prezidents mixeil saakaSvils Sexvda, maT samomavlo gegmebze isaubres. amave Sexvedraze mixeil saakaSvilma ganacxada, rom isini kvlav erT ojaxSi gaerTiandnen.
biznesis reketi Tu gadasaxadisgan Tavis aridebis mcdeloba? yoveldRiurad, omega jgufis saqmeze qveyndeba axal-axali faruli Canawerebi, romlebSic asaxulia biznesmen zaza oquaSvilisa da xelisuflebasTan daaxloebuli pirebis saubari. Canawerebidan gavigeT, rom biznesmens eqspremierisTvis Tanxa unda gadaexada da es Tanxa ara larebSi, aramed dolarebSi izomeboda. miuxedavad imisa, rom am Canawerebis avTenturoba gamoZiebam ar daadastura, faqtia, es saqme bolo periodis yvelaze rezonansuli Temaa.
„omega“ jgufis saqme - mokled yvelaferi 7 seqtembers daiwyo. telekompania „iberias“ sainformacio samsaxuris ufrosma sagangebo gancxadeba gaakeTa da Tqva, rom arxi muSaobis sagangebo reJimze gadadioda, radgan xelisuflebam „omega“ jgufi paralizebulad aqcia da daxura maTi kuTvnili fabrika. „omega“ jgufi moiTxovda xelisuflebisgan davalianebis restruqturizacias. isini pirobas debdnen, rom darCenil saxelmwifo vals ianvramde gadaixdidnen. mTavroba ki daTmobaze ar wavida. amis Semdeg, mdgomareoba kidev ufro gamwvavda. braldebebi iyo rogorc xelisuflebis, ise arasamTavrobo seqtoris mxridan. arsebuli viTareba kidev ufro gaamwvava im farulma Canawerebma, romlebic pirvelad telekompania „iberias“ eTerSi 9 seqtembers gavida. pirvelma Canawerma mTeli media sivrce moicva. masSi saubaria telekompania ,,iberiaze“ da „omega“ jgufis irgvliv arsebul movlenebze. CanawerSi yofili sportis ministri „iberias“ telekompania ,,rusTavi 2“-s adarebs da saubrobs arxis saredaqcio politikaze. amave CanawerSi yifiani oquaSvils televiziis daTmobis sanacvlod problemebis mogvarebas hpirdeba. pirveli Canaweris
gamoqveynebidan maleve, sazogadoebam axali saubrebi moismina. amis Semdeg, Canawerebs eqskluziurad ukve ,,rusTavi 2“ avrcelebda da masSi bevri detali ikveTeboda. erT-erT morig saubarSi levan yifiani zaza oquaSvils ,,omega“ jgufis problemebis mosagvareblad 2 milion lars Txovda. dialogSi pirvelad gaiJRera ivaniSvilis deidaSvilis uCa mamacaSvilis saxelma da aseve, sityva kontribuciamac. am periodSi Tema ukve sakmaod aqtualuri iyo, rogorc saxelisuflo wreebSi, ise mediaSi. JurnalistebTan saubrisas ,,omegas“ mflobelebi pirdapir ambobdnen, rom xelisuflebisgan maT hqondaT SemoTavazeba, daeTmoT telekompania ,,iberia“ da maTi problemebic mogvardeboda. am yvelafers ki Tavidanve kategoriulad uaryofda mmarTveli gundi. Canaweri mesame - yifianisa da oquaSvilis morigi saubari. yifianma biznesmens axali piroba wauyena. Eeqsministri misgan iTxovda ZviradRirebul manqanebs, romlebic savaraudod, nodar xadurisa da dimitri qumsiSvilisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. ramdenime Canaweris Semdeg, politikurma temperaturam qveyanaSi aiwia. opoziciuri Zalebis winasaarCevno gegmebSi ,,omega“ jgufma didi adgili daikava, xelisuflebas ki ukve araerTgzis mouwia Tavis marTleba. am saqmis temperaturam umaRles niSnuls maSin miaRwia, rodesac kvali ukve biZina ivaniSvilis ojaxTan mivida. 29 seqtembers isev „rusTavi 2“ma morigi Canaweri gaasajarova, sadac zaza oquaSvils axla ukve eqspremieris Zma aleqsandre ivaniSvili esaubreba da manqanebis biznesSi wils sTxovs. is CanawerSi oquaSvils Sesabamis sqemasac sTavazobs da ambobs, rom Tavisi gvaris gamo is damoukidebel bizness qveyanaSi ver iwyebs.
roca sazogadoeba fiqrobda, rom „omega“ jgufis saqmeze TiTqos yvelaferi icoda, morigma audioCanawermac ixila dRis Suqi. gavigeT, rom yofil sportis ministrze fizikuri Zaladoba ganxorcielda. rogorc mogvianebiT oquaSvilmac daadastura, levan yifiani biZina ivaniSvilis davalebiT, yofilma mTavarma prokurorma oTar farcxalaZem sardafSi Caiyvana, gaaSiSvla, fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayena da gaupatiurebiTac daemuqra. biznesmenis mtkicebiT, aman yifiani TviTmkvlelobazec daafiqra. pirvel vrcel interviuSi, romelic man „rusTavi 2”-s misca isaubra, Tu rogor daiwyo saqme da rogor sTxovda Tavad ivaniSvili misi garemocvis wevrebisTvis 4 milion lars, romelic jer oTxi TiTiT aniSna da mogvianebiT sityvieradac gaumeora. Sexvedra misi mtkicebiT, ivaniSvilTan rezidenciaSi Sedga da mas oquaSvilisa da ivaniSvilis garda, axlandeli Sinagan saqmeTa ministri giorgi gaxaria da levan yifianic eswrebodnen. am Canaweris eTerSi gaSvebis Semdeg, qarTuli ocnebis StabSi sagangebo sxdoma CainiSna, misi dasrulebis Semdeg ki gaxariam am Sexvedris namdviloba daadastura, magram uaryo misi Sinaarsi. man Tqva, rom saubari iyo, imaze Tu rogor mogvarebuliyo „omega“ jgufis problemebi. gamoZiebas pirveli Canaweris gavrcelebisTanave mokvleva ar dauwyia. es mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac opoziciurma partiebma da arasamTavrobo seqtorma sagamoZiebo uwyebas Riad mouwodes moqmedebisken. Tavad levan yifianma ki biznesmeni zaza oquaSvili dakiTxvis Semdeg sicrueSi daadanaSaula da ganacxada, rom aRniSnul farul Canawerebs isini SeTanxmebulad iwerdnen ucxoeli partniorebisTvis. mas ar hqonda informacia, rom oquaSvili am
Canawerebis gamoyenebas saqarTveloSi apirebda. problemebis mougvareblobisa da SeTanxmebis ver miRwevis Semdeg, „omega“ jgufi radikaluri gadawyvetilebis miRebis winaSe dadga. daaxloebiT Tve-naxevris Semdeg, 16 oqtombers finansuri problemebis gamo telekompania „iberiam“ mauwyebloba Sewyvita. arxis 200-ze meti TanamSromeli ki usamsaxurod darCa. xelisuflebis azriT, „omega jgufis saqme esaa mcdeloba Tavi aaridon biujetis winaSe arsebuli davalianebis - 51 milioni laris gadaxdas, amisaTvis ki zaza oquaSvili yofil mmarTvel gundTan TanamSromlobs da maTi miTiTebebiT moqmedebs. opozicias ki miaCnia, rom am yvelaferSi elituri korufciis kvali ikveTeba da aucilebelia, gamoZiebam droulad dakiTxos saqmeSi naxsenebi pirebi - zaza oquaSvili, aleqsandre ivaniSvili, uCa mamacaSvili, giorgi gaxaria da Tavad biZina ivaniSvili. Tavad oquaSvili ki qarTul gamoZiebas ar endoba da davas britanul sasamarTloSi agrZelebs. araa gamoricxuli swored britanulma sasamarTlom daibaros zemoT CamoTvlili pirebi. ramdenime Canaweris avTenturoba britanulma saeqsperto centrma daadastura. masSi ar aRmoCnda montaJis kvali. gamoZiebis mier gavrcelebuli gancxadebiT ki vigebT, rom saubrebi damontaJebulia da mas sinamdvilesTan kavSiri ar aqvs. „omega“ jgufis saqme ki grZeldeba. biznesmenma iribad, magram mainc daadastura, rom mas aqvs Canaweri, sadac biZina ivaniSvilis xma ismis. araa gamoricxuli aRniSnulma farulma Canawerma (Tu raTqmaunda is arsebobs) dRis Suqi arCevnebis dasrulebamde ixilos.
gverdi moamzada merab papaSvilma
5
socialuri panorama
daucveli megobrebi
kacobriobis ganviTarebis maRal safexurze asvlis miuxedavad, zogisTvis dResac miuRebelia, rom cxovelebs, rogorc adamianebs, sakuTari uflebebi aqvT. logikuria, moculobiT bevrad CamorCeba adamianTa uflebebis deklaracias, magram sakmarisia imisTvis, rom iarsebos. sxva yvelafers Tavi rom davaneboT, SegviZlia gamovyoT sami fundamenturi niSani, romelic maTi uflebebis ZiriTad nawils Seadgens. esenia: sicocxlis, janmrTelobisa da Tavisuflebis. saqarTvelos magaliTze rom visaubroT, samwuxaroa, magram arc erT iuridiul dokumentSi araa saubari cxovelTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. arsebobs mxolod ramdenime sakanonmdeblo aqti, romlebSic saubaria msgavs SemTxvevebze. ase magaliTad: saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis 259-e muxlis Tanaxmad: ” 1. cxovelisadmi sastiki mopyroba, ramac misi daRupva an dasaxiCreba gamoiwvia, agreTve cxovelis wvaleba, isjeba jarimiT an gamosasworebeli samuSaoTi vadiT erT wlamde. 2.igive qmedeba, Cadenili: (a)jgufurad; (b)araerTgzis; (g)mcirewlovnis TandaswrebiT, isjeba jarimiT an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT or wlamde.” zemoT warmodgenili kanoni ase Tu ise misaRebia da wesiT Sedegis momtanic unda iyos, magram gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi garemoeba. aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo aqtis uflebamosileba ar vrceldeba iseT dawesebulebebze, rogorebicaa ferma, saeqsperimento laboratoria
da gasarTobi adgilebi, sadac mTavari moqmedi swored rom cxovelia. axla ki isev konkretulad uflebebs rom davubrundeT, vnaxavT, rom Tavidan acileba im ZiriTadi darRvevebisa, romlebzec ukve gvqonda saubari, arc Tu ise rTulia. magaliTad, janmrTelobis ufleba: sagangebo saeqsperimento laboratoriebSi cxovelebze tardeba samecniero eqsperimentebi, romelTa umetesoba cxovelis daRupviT sruldeba. msgavs programebs axasiaTebs cxovelTa xelovnuri dasneuleba, dasaxiCreba, rac nel da mtanjvel sikvdils iwvevs. es ki maSin, roca am qmedebis humanuri alternativa arsebobs. SesaZlebelia, igi Canacvldes sxva SedarebiT racionaluri programebiT, romlebic gamoricxaven cxovelebis janmrTelobis xelyofas. Semdegi ufleba, es aris sicocxlis. dauSvebelia cxovelis sicocxlis mospoba, mxolod imitom, rom Cven am qmedebiT viRebT: xorcs, tyavs, bewveuls da kidev sxva nivTierebebs, romlebic yoveldRiurad gamoiyeneba. moTxovna aRniSnul produqtze didia, magram ar unda dagvaviwydes Zieba alternatiuli saSualebebisa, romelTac SeuZlia Caanacvlos es didi sisastike. magaliTad, xorcis nacvlad mcenareuli sakvebis miReba SegviZlia da rac Seexeba tyavs da bewveuls, mcenareuli an sinTeTikuri warmoebis tansacmeli mSvenieri alternativaa. rac mTavaria, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom am qmedebiT Cven cxovelTa sikvdilianobas avicilebT
Tavidan. rac Seexeba Tavisuflebis uflebas, cxovelebs xSirad iyeneben gasarTob adgilebze, rogoricaa magaliTad cirki, sadac mZime sasjelisa da fizikuri angariSsworebis sanacvlod aiZuleben, arabunebrivi moZraobebis Sesrulebas. amgvari sanaxaobis mesveurebi udides danaSauls Cadian da Tan sakmaod didi raodenobiT fulsac iReben. saintereso faqtia, rom sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi arsebuli muxlis uflebamosileba ar vrceldeba iseT dawesebulebebze, sadac realurad yvelaze meti darRveva fiqsirdeba. garda amisa, sazogadoebaSic es uflebebi yovel nabijze irRveva da xSirad vawydebiT cxovelebisadmi sastiki mopyrobis scenebs. kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli aqti, arc Tu ise loialuria, magram mTavari problema SemTxvevis identificirebaa. mniSvnelovani faqtia isic, rom arsebobs cxovelTa uflebebis msoflio deklaracia, romelSic detaluradaa warmodgenili, Tu ra SeiZleba miviCnioT cxovelTa uflebis Selaxvad. igi miRebulia 1977 wlis 23 seqtembers, cxovelTa uflebebis saerTaSoriso ligis mier qalaq londonSi. ramdenime Sesworebisa da gadaxedvis Semdeg ki, 1990 wels deklaracia msoflioSi aRiares. sainteresoa is, rom am deklaraciis da arc sxva saerTaSoriso konvenciebis ratificireba saqarTveloSi ar momxdara. informaciis Tavisuflebis ganviTarebis institutis mier Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, Sinagan saqmeTa saministrodan miRebuli informacia cxadyofs Semdegs: cxovelTa mimarT sastiki mopyrobis muxliT yvelaze meti saqme 2015 da 2016 wlebSi aRiZra. 21 saqme- 2015w, 15 saqme _ 2016w, xolo 13- 2012 wels. 2006-2011 wlebSi ki am muxlebiT gamoZiebis dawyebis mxolod ramdenime erTeuli SemTxveva fiqsirdeboda. monacemebi moicavs, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis, ise administraciuli wesiT dasjad qmedebebs. es monacemebi SesaZloa, imedis momcemi iyos, magram didi britaneTis magaliTi amis sapirwone namdvilad ver iqneba. radgan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi saSualod 150 aTasi gancxadeba fiqsirdeba, maT Soris minimum 1500 saqmes mainc iZiebs prokuratura.
usaxlkaro cxovelebis Temasac rom SevexoT, am mxrivac savavalo mdgomarebaa saqarTveloSi. registrirebulia 4 cxovelTa TavSesafari, romelTa Soris 3 kerZoa. Sesabamisad, erTi an ramdenime adamianiT dakompleqtebuli jgufis keTil nebazea damokidebuli mzrunvelis gareSe darCeneli cxovelebis bedi. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom arsebul TavSesafrebSi pirobebi arc Tu ise xelsayrelia da amas emateba SezRuduli resursebi, rac problemis aRmofxvras didwilad aferxebs. am sakiTxis mimarT umTavresi problema mainc sazogadoebis gulgrili damokidebulebaa. inglisis magaliTze Tu vimsjelebT, weliwadSi mosaxleobisagan saSualod erT ZaRlze 100 000 evroze meti Sedis. CvenTan ki am sakiTxiT dainteresebuli adamianebis SemowirulobebiT tardeba garkveuli aqtivobebi. Tundac cxovelTa vaqcinacia-sterilizacia, rac sakmaod humanuri gadawyvetaa mzrunvelobamoklebuli cxovelebis problemis mosagvareblad. biznesmenisa da cxovelTa uflebadamcvelis Tamaz elizbaraSvilis gancxadebiT, kanonproeqti cxovelTa uflebebis Sesaxeb, man da misma kolegebma jer kidev wina mowvevis parlaments warudgines. samwuxarod, mas reagireba ar mohyolia da dRemde Tarozea Semodebuli. misive TqmiT, Semweobis gareSe darCenili cxovelebis dasaxmareblad biujetidan gamoyofilia Tanxa, magram fulis ukanono miTvisebasTan gvaqvs saqme. aRniSnul TemasTan dakavSirebiT, sazogadoebaSi cnobierebis dabal doneze saubrobs saqarTvelos cxovelTa dacvisa da gadarCenis sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare Teimuraz wiquriZe. igi miiCnevs, rom SemecnebiTi xasiaTis aqtivobebi, romlebic siRrmiseulad gaacnobs sazogadoebas problemis simwvaves, avtomaturad gaxdeba garanti amave problemis gadaWrisa. Sejamebis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gasul wlebTan SedarebiT, mdgomareoba umjobesdeba, magram sazogadoebis cnobierebis done da interesi am sferoSi kvlav dabalia. mniSvnelovania, yvelam gaiTavisos sakuTari pasuxismgebloba, rac iseTi didi problemis mogvarebis sawindaria, rogoric cxovelTa mimarT Zaladobaa.
uCa papiaSvili
,,codnis kafe’’- ganaTlebis miRebis wyaro “codnis kafe” - saqarTvelos teritoriaze pirveli TviTmobilizebadi saganmanaTleblo sivrcea, romelic axalgazrdebis iniciativiT Seiqmna. nana bagaliSvili da qeTi molaSvili is ori gogonaa, romlebmac realurad SeZles wnorSi sruliad axali da SeiZleba iTqvas, regionuli masStabiT inovaciuri proeqtis ganxorcieleba. socialuri sawarmo misul stumrebs erTmaneTisgan sruliad damoukidebel da funqciurad gansxvavebul sivrceebs sTavazobs: multimedia biblioTeka, wignis maRazia, araformaluri ganaTlebis centri patara kafeTi da art-saganmanaTleblo rezidencia. sawyis etapze axalgazrdebisTvis mowyobilma teritoriam, sadac maT srulad axali da saWiro codnis miReba SeeZloT, etapobrivad yvela askobrivi jgufi moicva. rogorc Tavad ,,codnis kafes’’ erT-erTi damfuZnebeli, nana bagaliSvili, ambobs, es aris sivrce, romlis mTavari misiaa gamocdilebebisa da Sexedulebebis gacvla. misi azriT, Taobebs Soris komunikacia orive mxaresaTvis sasargelo da aucilebelic kia, radgan swored msgavsi erToblivi muSaobiT miiRweva sasurveli Sedegi. ,,codnis kafes’’ arsebobam wnoris bevr mcxovrebs inovaciuri da adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis sasargeblo aqtivobebisken ubiZga. 68 wlis julieta Cxetiani erT-erTia, romelmac safuZveli Cauyara pensionerTa asociacias. am organizaciis farglebSi, sakuTari saxsrebiTa da cotaodeni daxmarebebiT
6
wnorSi mcxovreb socialurad daucvel mosaxleobas sursaTiT, medikamentebiTa da tansacmliT exmareba. rogorc TviTon ambobs, afxazeTis omis Semdeg, 1993 wlis 7 oqtombers, xuT SvilTan erTad marto darCa da qalaq wnorSi dasaxlda. fiqrobs, rom asociaciis farglebSi Catarebuli RonisZiebebi ar aris sakmarisi im sikeTisa da siTbos gadasaxdelad, romelic mis mimarT aq mcxovrebma xalxma omis Semdeg gamoavlina. idea, romelic Tavdapirvelad cota ucnaurad da zogjer ararealuradac ki JRerda, orma Zalian mondomebulma da mizandasaxulma gogonam realobad aqcia. ,, Cveni Canafiqris asruleba aravis warmoedgina da bevrs saganmanaTleblo sivrcis Seqmnis proeqtze muSaoba xSirad uazro da drois fuW dakargvad miaCnda. Sedegis naxvis Semdeg ki wnoris mosaxleobis
damokidebuleba radikalurad Seicvala. Tavdapirvelad socialuri sawarmo naqiraveb teritoriaze davaarseT, xolo ramdenime TveSi didi ZalisxmeviTa da uamravi xalxis mciredi SemowirulobebiT orsarTuliani saxlic SeviZineT’’,- ambobs, ,,codnis kafes’’ TanadamfuZnebeli qeTi molaSvili. wignebi, romlebic dedaqalaqis mosaxleobisTvis xelmisawvdomia, regionuli masStabiT maTi moZieba da wakiTxva xSirad auxdenel ocnebad rCeba. 20 wlis goga mamukaSvilma, romelic qalaq wnorSi cxovrobs, didi xnis ocneba aisrula da dostoevskis gaxmaurebuli wignis,-,,idiotis’’ wakiTxva SeZlo. ,,CvenTvis, regionSi mcxovrebi axalgazrdebisTvis, sasurveli wignebis moZieba sakmaod rTulia. ,,codnis kafes’’ gaxsniT ki bevri iseTi wigni wavikiTxe, romlebzec albaT verc verasodes viocnebebdi’’,- ambobs, goga mamukaSvili. codnis miRebis wyaro da bevrisTvis ubralod sasiamovno garemo mraval saintereso da funqciurad datvirTul RonisZiebas gegmavs. enTuziazmiT dawyebuli proeqti xSirad warmatebul da Tavis saqmeSi profesional adamianebs stumrobs, raTa wnoris mosaxleobas sakuTari gamocdileba gauziaros. ,,codnis kafe’’ adgilobriv mosaxleobas msgavs da kidev ufro saintereso RonisZiebebs hpirdeba. nanasa da qeTis ki sjeraT, rom Ria sivrce, romelic maTi Tavdauzogavi SromiT Seqmnes samomavlod regionisTvis sasikeTo Sedegs gamoiRebs.
nina oTaraSvili
socialuri panorama
blogi
rogor gadavrCeT gareubnidan momaval avtobusSi - rCevebi studentebs
albaT, odesme manqanaSi yvelani msxdarxarT da gverdiT mdgar gadavsebul avtobusSi adamianebis saxeebisTvis SegixedavT. darwmunebuli var, rom kargs verafers dainaxavdiT. miT umetes, Tu Tqven win transportis ulevi nakadi erT did sacobs qmnis. Tu imasac warmoidgenT xolme, ras fiqroben aseT dros avtobusSi myofi adamianebi, am kiTxvaze pasuxic igive iqneba – “kargs verafers”. Znelia, karg rameze ifiqro, roca yoveli mxridan xalxi gekvris, transportSi haeri saerTod araa da, amasTan, wesiT, daniSnulebis adgilze 20 wuTiT adre unda yofiliyavi. am problemas yvelaze mwvaved ganicdian is adamianebi, romlebic gareubnebSi cxovroben da dRis yvelaze damRlel da grZel nawils gzaSi atareben. Tu gareubanSi cxovrobT, ar aqvs mniSvneloba, metroTi wamoxvalT, avtobusiT Tu samarSruto taqsiT – mainc, didi albaTobiT, daigvianebT. magaliTad, Tu guglis rukebs vendobiT, gldanidan WavWavaZis gamziramde avtobusma saaTsa da 10 wuTSi unda migiyvanoT, Tumca, realurad, es dro bevrad metia. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu studenti xarT da 9 saaTian leqciaze midixarT, gaCerebasTan, sul mcire, 8-is naxevarze mainc unda idgeT. Tu gagimarTlaT da romelime avtobusSi axvediT, mTeli gzis ganmavlobaSi fexze dgoma mogiwevT. aq erTi wesi unda gaiTvaliswinoT – Tu saswauli moxda da adgili gamoCnda, dajdoma arc ise kargi arCevania. zogadad, avtobusSi yvelas hgonia, rom im
damsaqmeblis gancxadeba: gvesaWiroeba samuSao gamocdileba minimum 2 weli.
erT cariel adgils TviTon imsaxurebs da xSirad im adamianebis mimarT mtrulad ganewyobian xolme, vinc dajdomas aswrebs. miT umetes, Tu axalgazrda xarT, ufrosi asakis xalxi upirobod SeTanxmdeba, rom adgilze dajdomiT, rbilad rom vTqvaT, cud manerebs avlenT. Semdegi etapi bileTis aRebaa, rac sakmaod rTuli procesia. marTalia, Tanamedrove avtobusebSi baraTebis aparati sam adgilas dgas, iqamde miRweva mainc rTulia. Tu gabedavT da aparatTan axlos dadgebiT, yvela mgzavris momsaxurebisTvis iqnebiT ganwiruli, rac arc ise sasiamovno procesia. Tu aparatidan Sors mogiwevT dadgoma, am funqcias sxvas gadaulocavT da erTiT naklebi saqme geqnebaT gasakeTebeli. Tu Tqveni moqalaqeobrivi vali ukve SeasruleT, mSvidad SegiZliaT elodoT, rodis daaRwevT Tavs sacobs. gaxsovdeT isic, rom avtobusiT gldanidan wamosvlis SemTxvevaSi metrosTan naxevari saaTis ganmavlobaSi sacobSi dgoma mogiwevT, ramac ar unda SegaSinoT. win ufro didi satanjveli geliT – saakaZis moedani. samagierod, gzaSi uamravi iseTi ramis mosmena SegeZlebaT, rac Cvens sazogadoebaze dagafiqrebT. aseTi Temebi politikidan iwyeba da genderul sakiTxebamde midis. magaliTad, gadaTxril gzebTan miaxloebisas nebismieri mgzavris politikuri Sexedulebebis gagebaa SesaZlebeli – sakmarisia, erTma daiwyos laparaki da avtobusSi Temis ganxilva iwyeba. xSiria iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac mZRoli an romelime mgzavri moZraobis Seferxebas saWesTan mjdari adamianis sqess ukavSirebs. gaxsovdeT, rom am dialogSi araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda CaerToT – sxvebs verasdros gadaarwmunebT, gansxvavebul azrs ki transportSi yovelTvis gmoben. rogorc wesi, raRac momentSi mZRoli da mgzavri erTmaneTs yovelTvis upirispirdebian. xSir SemTxvevaSi, mgzavri sacobis gamo avtobusis gaCerebasa da karis im adgilas gaRebas iTxovs, sadac es ar SeiZleba. am dros, rogorc wesi, mgzavrebi mZRolis pozicias icaven xolme, sasurvel pirovnebebad rom gamoCndnen. Tqven ase ar moiqceT – ubralod, sakuTar
TavTan iyaviT marTali. Tu saakaZis moedanze xarT da saaTi ukve 9-s uCvenebs, imaze daiwyeT fiqri, rogor unda moaxerxoT yvelaze SeumCnevlad auditoriaSi Separva. albaT, imasac warmoidgenT, rogori mkacri saxiT daxedavs Tqveni Sesvlisas leqtori majis saaTs, magram amazec ar idardoT. mTavaria, gamometyvelebiT yvelas gaagebinoT, ra saSineli mgzavroba gadaitaneT. Tu odesme cnobil kompiuterul TamaSSi, “super marioSi” yvelaze rTul etapze, did kusTan brZolaze gadasulxarT, Tavisuflad SegiZliaT, eg nawili avtobusidan CamosvlaSi gamoiyenoT. rogorc mario unda gadaaxtes mowinaaRmdeges da sasurvel koSkSi Sevides, iseve yvela win mdgom adamians unda “gadaabijoT”, sul mcire, auxsnaT, rom CadixarT. Tu karamde misvla daxurvamde mainc ver moaswariT, Semdeg cdas unda daelodoT.
marTalia, am Tavgadasavlis Semdeg rTuli da gadatvirTuli saswavlo dRe unda daiwyoT, Tumca mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi gamosayenebeli energia, didi albaTobiT, ukve daxarjuli geqnebaT. gaxsovdeT, rom Zalebis aRsadgenad mxolod ramdenime saaTi gaqvT – saRamos xalxiT gadavsebuli samarSruto, avtobusi an metro gelodebaT.
ekaterine janiaSvili
HYTbilisi qalaqi,
sxva moTxovnebi: kargi samuSao istoria, lamazi warsuli, naTeli momavali, gafarToebis/miSenebis perspeqtiva, ganviTarebis survili. saxeli gvari - Tbilisi. dabadebis weli/Tve/ricxvi/ - Zv.w. me-4 saukune, asakis gamo sxva detalebi damaviwyda. statusi-dedaqalaqi. dasaqmebuli xarT Tu umuSevari - amJamad,(jer kidev) saqarTvelos dedaqalaqad vmuSaob. samuSao grafiki - 24 saaTi, kviraSi Svidi, weliwadSi 365 dRe. samuSao gamocdileba- Zveli welTaRricxvidan moyolebuli jer qarTvel mefeebTan vmuSaobdi, Semdeg sparseTis pitiaxSTan, Semdeg arabTa amirasTan, ruseTis guberniac viyavi, Cems Tavze frialebda wiTeli droSa, kidec gavsabWovdi da socialisturi respublikis dedaqalaqobac gamoviare, isev aq var. mogviyeviT Tqven Sesaxeb- me xuT terasaze var ganlagebuli, erT did qvabulSi, mezobeli qveynis mdinare mtkvari or nawilad myofs. maqvs erTi „zRva“, ori tba, daculi teritoria. viyofi 6 raionad, eqvsive erTi meoreze metad ar miyvars, magram mainc yvela Cemia. myavs erTi martoxela qarTlis deda, erTi meri, gamgeblebi da bevri sapatio Tbiliseli. erTxel mainc Tu mestumrebiT mixvdebiT, rom im ramdenime nawilis garda, romelic Semilamazes (mgoni amazec madlobeli unda viyo), didi gamzirebi da patara quCebi var. Zveli saxlebi var, moxatuli sadarbazoebiT, xis CuqurTmebiani karebiT, is daZvelebuli Senobebi germanelma arqiteqtoreba, rom
aaSenes. Tbilisuri ezoebi var, daxveuli kibeebiTa da yvavilebiT savse aivnebiT. mTawmindisken mimavali viwro quCebi var, muzeumebi var, kinoTeatrebic var, operac, cirkic, mitovebuli Senobebic var, Camongrevis piras myofi saxlebic var, sabWoTa „xruSovkebic“ var da Teqvsmetianebic. gagikvirdebaT da jer kidev SemomrCa ramdenime rekreaciuli zonac, Tu moindomebT, gaiWirvebT, magram jer kidev moZebniT xeebs, balaxsa da mwvane skverebs. ufro martivad i poviT mtversa da nagavs, uamrav manqanas, SuSis xidsa da iqve riyeze wamowolil „boTlebs“. tyup Senobebs, romlebmac mSeneblobis dros galaktion tabiZis Zegli „Caylapa“. rusTavelze amozrdil „art hauss“, romlis mSeneblebsac „artze“ naklebi warmodgena aqvT. qaosur mSeneblobebs, am mSeneblobebidan gadmovardnil muSebs, iqve erT did eklesiasac naxavT, romelsac yoveldRe turisti ufro meti stumrobs vidre mlocveli da eklesiis ezoSive daikmayofilebT mTavar moTxovnilebas - Wamas, risTvisac iqve kafe gagixsnes. CemTan miwebi larad iyideba da mTebsac miSlian, oRond zed rame aaSenon. rusTavelze erTi xe skverad iTvleba da sportis sasaxlesTan yvela xis
adgili korpusma daikava. wesiT metrebiT unda daSordnen, magram Senobebi erTmaneTs exutebian. haeris dabinZurebis gamo, saSiSi qalaqebis siaSi movxvdi da „uCemod sicocxlec male bevrisTvis Zneli saerTod aRar iqneba“. me var, me! Seni qalaqi, yvelas qalaqi. erT dros Cemi anZa eifels sjobda da mtkvris sanapiroze xalxi ise seirnobda, rom ayrolebis ar eSinodaT. panoramebis gamo miwebs ar marTmevdnen da sanam rames damilewavdnen, damingrevdnen, gamZarcvavdnen, maRaziis gaxsnisTvis Cveulebriv moqalaqeebs gzas gadauketavdnen, megobrebic myavda. laparaki sul SemeZlo, magram axlac aravin mismens, Cems arcerT quCas ar usmenen, arcerT ubansa da arcerT Senobas. mTeli am drois istoria Tqvenamde movitane, Semovinaxe, movuare da isev minda qaosidan simSvide vpovo. momavalma Taobebmac minda gamicnon, rogorc Tbilisi da ara betonis junglebi. me viReb adamianebs, gzebs vayoleb, Tavgadasavlebs vaxvedreb, moulodnelobebSi vaxvev, vaoceb, vafiqreb, Tavs vamaxsovreb, oRond me - me viyo… da Tqven ras metyviT? -Cven arasdros gveSleboda tolerantoba, Semwynarebloba, stumarTmoyvareoba, xinkali da xaWapuri, mtris mtrulad da moyvris Zmurad daxvedra. rogorc wina damsaqmeblebi, dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi TqvenTan gavaformebT 4 wlian kontraqts, rogorc gvinda ise gadagakeTebT, saxesac SegicvliT. gvinda erTi mxridan wamogartyavT, gvinda meoridan. kacia aq ufrosi da Cven Tu gvendomeba anZebi iqneba lurji, taqsebi TeTri da gamwarebuli sicocxliT savse qalaqic viqnebiT. mogexsenebaT, konkurencia sakmaod didia, dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi dagirekavT detalebis SesaTanxmeblad.
salome CikvilaZe
7
socialuri panorama
bavSvebi - yvelaze Raribi fena saqarTveloSi zamTari kars mogvadga, quCaSi ki gansakuTrebiT civa. saswavleblidan Tu samsaxuridan gamosuli, yvela Cqarobs Tbil saxlSi dabrunebas.Aam dros ki quCaSi uamravi bavSvi keTili adamianebis imedad aris da elis, rodis gaimeteben maTTvis mowyalebas. ufro metic, zogierTi maTganisTvis quCa saxlia. zamTris civ da zafxulis cxel dReebs isini muyaosgan awyobili ,,sawoliT’’ atareben. Tu am problemas CavuRrmavdebiT, ufro mZime suraTs davinaxavT. quCa da bavSvebi - es Tema TiTqmis yvela saxelmwifosTvis aRmoufxvreli problemaa. gansakuTrebiT mwvaved dgas sakiTxi saqarTveloSi. ara marto muyaos naglejze, pirdapir civ betonze mokalaTebuli xelgamowvdili bavSvebis danaxva, ukve aRaravis ukvirs. isini mTel dRes quCaSi metros erTi vagonidan meoreSi gadasvlaSi atareben, raTa gadarCenisTvis aucilebeli Tanxa moipovon. Tu xSirad mgzavrobT metroTi araerTgzis SegxvdebaT kalmebiT, saeklesio xatebiT, Tu sanTlebiT mosiarule bavSvebi, romlebic cdiloben gansakuTrebuli xmis tembriT miiqcion Tqveni yuradReba da nivTebi mogyidon. realurad, isini am dros skolis merxs unda usxdnen da is bavSvuri garemo hqondeT, rac maT asaks Seefereba. samwuxarod, ar aris zusti monacemebi, Tu ra mdgomareobaa quCaSi momuSave Tu mcxovrebi bavSvebis mxriv saqarTveloSi. socialuri saagentos informaciiT, 2014 wlidan 2017 wlamde 900 bavSvi aRricxes. maTgan saxelmwifo servisebiT isargebla 215 bavSvma, Ramis TavSesafarSi 9 bavSvi imyofeboda, 149 ki- dRis centris servisebiT sargeblobda. 2018 wels gaeros bavSvTa fondis mier Catarda iunisefis kvleva, (kvleva tardeba yovel or weliwadSi) romelmac Seiswavla saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanSi quCaSi mcxovrebi da momuSave bavSvebi.
rogorc daadgines, maTi quCaSi gamosvlis mizezi umravles SemTxvevaSi Semdegia: ojaxuri pirobebi, mzrunvelis gareSe darCena, ojaxuri Zaladoba. bavSvebi am yvelafris gamo quCaSi yofnas amjobineben. Tavidan maT uWirT adaptireba axal garemosTan, mcire drois Semdeg ki ise eCvevian, rom saxelwifo servisebiT sargeblobazec ki uars acxadeben. quCaSi momuSave da mcxovrebi bavSvebi yvelaze metad mowyvladi jgufia. maT ar aqvT ganaTlebis SesaZlebloba, xeli ar miuwvdebaT jandacvaze da ufro metic, yvelaze xSirad swored isini xdebian rogorc fizikuri, ise fsiqologiuri Zaladobis msxverpli. am TemasTan dakavSirebiT bavSvTa fsiqologs gvanca uklebas vesaubreT, romelmac gviTxra, rom es problema marTlac mwvaved dgas Cvens qveyanaSi. ,,SeiZleba iTqvas, rom quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis unar-Cvevebi da azrovneba mxolod erTi mimarTulebiT viTardeba- Tu rogor daicvan Tavi im mkacri garemosgan, romelsac yoveldRiurad awydebian. aseve, rogor moi povon is minimaluri finansebi, romlebic ZiriTadi moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad sWirdebaT. es yvelaferi ki sxva unarebis ganviTarebas uSlis xels. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom bavSvebi undoblobas ucxadeben maT irgvliv myofT.
ase rom, specialistebs didi Zalisxmeva da Sroma sWirdebaT’’, - ambobs gvanca ukleba. gaeros bavSvTa fondis kvlevaSi aRniSnulia: “iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom arc policia da arc qalaqis mTavroba ar iRebs raime koordinirebul zomebs quCis dajgufebebis saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT”. magram am yvelaferTan erTad unda aRiniSnos saxelmwifos CarTulobis aucilebloba bavSvebis quCidan gamoyvanis sakiTxSi. am Temaze ufro dawvrilebiT socialuri momsaxurebis saagentos socialur muSaks, sofi bedoSvils vesaubreT, romelmac aRniSna, rom am bavSvebTan TbilisSi sami, xolo quTaisSi erTi mobiluri jgufi muSaobs. mobilur jgufs hyavs 4 wevri: mZRoli, fsiqologi, TanasworganmanaTlebeli da socialuri muSaki. garda amisa, aris oTxi dRis centri da sadReRamiso TavSesafari TbilisSi, quTaissa da rusTavSi. aRniSnuli mobiluri jgufebi da centrebi funqcionireben miusafar bavSvTa sadReRamiso TavSesafris qveprogramis farglebSi, romelsac axorcielebs ssi p socialuri momsaxurebis saagento servisis momwodebel organizaciebTan erTad: saqarTvelos karitasi, world vision Georgia, bavSvi da garemo. davinteresdiT, Tu rogor iricxebian am centrebSi bavSvebi da ra saxis
momsaxurebis miReba SeuZliaT. aRniSnul centrebSi bavSvebis miReba/ Caricxva, rogorc mobiluri jgufis da policiis mimarTvis, agreTve bavSvis survilisamebr SeiZleba. aq Caricxul bavSvebs aqvT saSualeba miiRon Sxapi, gairecxon samosi, hqondeT sezonuri tansacmeli da fexsacmeli, uzrunvelyofili iyvnen sakvebiT. magram rogorc socialurma agentma gviTxra, am etapamde Zalian bevri safexuris gavlaa saWiro. kerZod, aucilebelia mobiluri jgufis Semdegi aqtivoba: moiZion bavSvebi quCaSi, Semdeg CarTon dialogSi, moi povon ndoba da gamoikvlion mizezebi, ris gamoc bavSvi quCaSi moxvda. am yvelafris Semdeg gadawydeba, Tu ra saxis daxmareba sWirdebaT. amis paralelurad maT esaubreba fsiqologi. amrigad, am Temaze momuSave adamianebs Zalian didi Sromis gaweva uwevT, radgan bavSvebis momavalze yvelaze didi pasuxismgebloba swored maT eniWebaT. marTalia arsebobs arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan erTad dagegmilia sxva aqtivobebic, Tumca es jer ganxorcielebis etapzea da zusti informacia ar mogvepoveba. rogorc gavarkvieT, saxelmwifo cdilobs daexmaros bavSvebs, magram es martivad mosagvarebeli problema ar aris. maT quCa Sesisxlxorcebuli aqvT. socialuri muSakebi aRniSnaven, rom yofila SemTxveva, roca bavSvi wauyvaniaT quCidan, yovelmxriv daxmarebian, magram is mainc quCaSi gaqceula. gamodis rom, saxelwifos da mobilur jgufebs, masSi Semaval fsiqologebs jer kidev bevri Sroma mouwevT bavSvebis quCidan gasayvanad. Bbolos ki mogawvdiT informacias, Tu rogor unda moviqceT quCaSi momuSave bavSvis Sexvedrisas. aseT dros SegiZliaT gamoiZaxoT mobiluri jgufi, darekoT saministros cxel xazze- 15-05-ze, raTa droulad davexmaroT maT.
naTia giorgaZe
Sroma sicocxlis fasad xdeba ise, rom dasaqmebuls TviTon uwevs izrunos rogorc sakvebze, aseve janmrTelobaze. yvelaze mniSvnelovani piroba daculi samuSao garemoa, Tumca es sakiTxic zogierT SemTxvevaSi standartebs ar Seesabameba. arseboben iseT kompaniebi, sadac samuSao garemo ar Seesabameba standartebs. saqme exeba iseT elementarul nivTebs, rogoric Cafxutebi da damcavi badeebia. ,,yofila SemTxveva Cvenive xelsawyoebiT gvimuSavia, radganac kompanias ar hqonia Sesabamisi aRWurviloba”- gveubneba Cveni respodenti. muSaTa uflebebi im sakiTebs Sorisaa romelic mwvaved dgas dRevandel realobaSi. ramdenad daculia Sromis usafrTxoeba saqarTveloSi da ras akeTebs saxelmwifo imisTvis, rom muSebis uflebebi daicvas. bolo periodSi maRaroebsa da mSeneblobebze ganviTarebulma movlenebma kidev erTxel dagvanaxa is problemebi, romlebic dasaqmebis sferoSi arsebobs. saqme exeba iseTi riskis Semcvel samuSaoebs, romlebmac SesaZloa safrTxe Seuqmnas dasaqmebulis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas. SromiTi movaleobis Sesrulebisas dasaqmebulTa daSavebisa da gardacvalebis SemTxvevebi sagangaSoa. realurad ra viTarebaa da ra awuxebT maT yvelaze metad am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mSeneblobaze momuSave ramdenime pirs gavesaubreT.
8
erT-erTi muSa, romelic ukve 12 welia am sferoSi saqmianobs gviambobs, Tu ra problemebis winaSe dgas yoveldRiurad. imisTvis, rom mSeneblobaze daiwyo muSaoba mTavari kriteriumi samuSao gamocdilebaa. xSir SemTxvevaSi isic sakmarisia, rom romelime iq momuSavem cotaodeni rekomendacia gagiwios. janmrTelobis mdgomareobiT da asakiT naklebad interesdebian. samuSaos dawyebamde aTanxmeben anazRaurebas. rogorc aRmoCnda, mniSvnelovani faqtoria saxelfaso baraTebi daurigdebaT, Tu xelze aiReben Tanxas. saxelfaso baraTis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, muSebs anazRaurebas Suamavali piri urigebs. aseTi SemTxvevebis dros, xSirad xdeba ise, rom xelfasi igvianebs an anazRaureba ar Seesabameba Sesrulebul samuSaos. rac Seexeba kvebas da dazRvevas, aqac gansxvavebuli SemTxvevebia.
rogorc acxadeben, mravalwliani gamocdilebac daculobis srul garants ar iZleva. miuxedavad aseTi rTuli viTarebisa, rogorc wesi, umetesad pirobebs Tanxmdebian, mizezi ki alternatiuli variantebis ararsebobaa. Tanxmdebi pirobebs an uars ambob da rCebi Semosavlis gareSe. xolo iseTi konpaniis povna, romelic yvela kriteriums akmayofilebs iSviaTia. dRevandeli realobaSi samuSao bazari isea mowyobili, rom mTlianad damsaqmeblis mogebazea orientirebuli. isini yovel jerze gansxvavebul pirobebs sTavazoben muSebs. amitomac saWiroa saxelmwifos CarTuloba, raTa daareguliros bazari da Tanabaruflebiani gaxados orive mxare. xolo iseTi minimaluri kriteriumi, romelic usafrToebas gulisxmobs, daculi iyos nebismieri damsaqmeblis mier.
swored am problemebis mogvarebas emsaxureba kanoni ,,Sromis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb“, romelzec muSaoba axlac mimdinareobs. ramdenime punqti 2018 wlis 1 agvistodan amoqmedda da cvlilebebi ZalaSi 2019 wlis 1 seqtembris CaTvliT etapobrivad Seva. manamde ki yvela samTavrobo uwyebas masze dakisrebul movaleobebis Seasruleba evaleba. ramdenad efeqturi iqneba kanonproeqti, SesaZlebelia Tu ara dasaqmebis sferoSi arsebuli problemebis mogvareba? kanonproeqtis mTavari mizani prevenciuli RonisZiebebis gatareba da ZiriTadi moTxovnebis gansazRvraa. kanoni aseve iTvaliswinebs damsaqmebelsa da dasaqmebuls Soris urTierTobebis daregulirebas. mosalodneli ubedurebis da safrTxeebis Tavidan acilebas, dasaqmebulTa swavlebas, konsultaciebs usafrTxoebis da janmrTelobis sakiTxebSi Tanabrad yvela dasaqmebulisTvis. wlebis manZilze saxelmwifos mxridan SromiTi uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT gatarebuli politika da gadadgmuli nabijebi arasakmarisi aRmoCnda. problemas warmoadgenda is, rom arsebuli regulaciebi adekvaturad ver pasuxobda gamowvevebs SromiTi uflebebis darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi. es kanoni saSualebas iZleva daregulirdes dRevandelobaSi arsebuli problemebi.
salome papava
ganaTlebis panorama
problemaTa jaWvi skolebSi
rac skolaSi xdeba yovelTvis ar rCeba skolaSi. SeiZleba sulac ar viyoT moswavle, mSobeli an maswavlebeli, magram SeuZlebelia skolis viTarebam Cvenze gavlena ar moaxdinos, radgan gvinda Tu ara, am sazogadoebis nawili varT. mas ki yvela Taobis adamiani aSenebs da arc aravin davobs imaze, rom axalgazrdebis wili am saqmianobaSi umTavresia. dasaxiCrebuli fsiqikiT naSenebi qveyana ki rogoria, albaT yvelam kargad viciT. adrindelTan SedarebiT, sul ufro xSiria saubari skolebSi Zaladobaze. es ki ganpirobebulia ara SemTxvevaTa raodenobis matebiT, aramed sazogadoebis cnobierebis gazrdiT, im faqtis gacnobierebiT, rom Zaladoba ar unda davmaloT da moZalade aucileblad unda daisajos. amjerad, unda visaubro maswavleblis mxridan moswavleze fizikur Tu fsiqologiur Zaladobaze. am SemTxvevaSi yvelaze sagangaSo, erTi mxriv, isaa, rom xSirad maswavleblebi verc ki acnobiereben, rom maTi konkretuli qmedeba Zaladobaa. meore mxriv, ki mS-
oblebma, SeiZleba viTarebaSi garkvevis gareSe brali dasdon Tavad pedagogs. bolo drois erT-erTi yvelaze gaxmaurebuli ambavi farTo sazogadoebisTvis cnobili gaxda feisbuqpostis saSualebiT. quTaisis ioseb ocxelis saxelobis meore sajaro skolis moswavlis mSobeli werda, rom saswavlo wlis pirvelive dRes Tavisi Svili fsiqologiuri Zaladobis msxverpli gaxda: ”maswavlebeli, romelic verbalur bulings gaazrebulad axorcielebs pirvelive dRes axal moswavlesTan aris damnaSave! maswavlebeli, romelic Tmis varcxnilobis gamo genders eWvqveS ayenebs da jgufs mimarTavs gasarkvevad biWia Tu gogo, aris damnaSave!” postis avtori, mexuTe klaseli biWis mSobeli amira kopaliani ambobs, rom ori wlis winac hqonda uTanxmoeba skolasTan, maSin saqmeSi ganaTlebis saministros auditis samsaxuri, saxalxo damcvelis aparati da socialuri samsaxuri CaerTo. maswavlebelma ki skola im kviraSive datova. rac Seexeba wlevandel SemTxvevas, mokvleva jer ar dasrulebula, mSobelma ki moswavleebi sxva skolaSi gadaiyvana. ”bevr skolaSi xdeba msgavi da uaresi SemTxvevebi, amitom Cemi moTxovnaa ganaTlebis saministrom imuSaos problemebis aRmofxvraze, raTa aseTi maswavleblebis gamo iZulebuli ar gavxdeT skola davtovoT”,- gveubneba qalbatoni amira. mexuTe klaselze fsiqologiur ZaladobaSi braldebuli ki maTematikis maswavlebeli nino CubiniZea, is momxdarze ar saubrobs. amave skolis inglisuri enis pedagogi cira qarselaZe ki fiqrobs, rom, nino maswavlebeli Rirseuli adamiania da mas ar sjera am versiis, miTumetes cneba ”Zaladobas”
ewinaaRmdegeba. ori wlis win momxdar SeTxvevaze ki ambobs, rom mSobeli cruobs da maswavlebelma mxolod imitom datova skola, rom igi mxolod erTi TviT iyo daqiravebuli damrigeblis dekretSi yofnis gamo. ramdenad ikveTeba maswavleblis braleuloba da ra saxiT gaagrZlebs igi profesiul saqmianobas mxolod mokvlevis Semdeg gavigebT. skolebSi viTareba saxarbielo ar aris. amaze metyvelebs is faqtic, rom mSoblebi moswavleebis, xolo pedagogebi sakuTari uflebebis darRvevaze saubroben. swored aseTia iormuRanlos skolis qarTuli seqtoris yofili maswavleblis Tea gurgeniZis SemTxveva. is skolidan 2018 wlis gazafxulze imis gamo gaaTavisufles, rom bralad edeba or moswavleze Zaladoba. kerZod, maTTvis wignis Cartyma. direqciis TqmiT, arsebobs videomasala, romelic adasturebs faqtis namdvilobas. pedagogma direqtors 21 ivliss siRnaRis raionul sasamarTloSi uCivla Tanamdebobidan usafuZvlod gaTavisuflebis gamo, mokvleva jer ar dasrulebula. Tea gurgeniZe uaryofs Zaladobis yovelgvar faqts da skolidan gaTavisuflebaSi resurscentris xelmZRvanels qalbaton manana cucqiriZes adanaSaulebs. kiTxvaze, ra interesi SeiZleba hqonoda qalbaton mananas is gvasuxobs, rom Tavad, rogorc pedagogi skolaSi, Zalian aqtiuri iyo. yovelTvis zrunavda qarTulenovani seqtoris ganviTarebaze da aseve Riad saubrobda Seqmnil problemebze, rac xels arc direqcias aZlevda da arc resurscentrs. ”manana cucqiriZes mTeli Tavisi ojaxi skolebSi hyavs dasaqmebuli,
misi meuRle Cvens skolaSi sportis maswavlebeli iyo, amas garda igi sxva skolebSic iyo gaformebuli, Tanac misi gakveTilebi sxvadasxvagan erTmaneTs emTxveoda, me xSirad aRvniSnavdi amas, amitomac iormuRanlos skolaSi sasurveli aRar viyavi. skolidan gaTavisuflebuli pedagogi ambobs, rom videomasala, romelzec resurscentri saubrobs man sasamarTlo procesze naxa da masze Cawerilia gakveTilis procesi. mas manamdec eWvi hqonda, rom direqcia uTvalTvalebda. amis sababi ki gaxda skolaSi damontaJebuli kamerebi. rogorc TviTon ambobs, meore sarTulis kamera Tavisi saklaso oTaxisken iyo Semobrunebuli, maSin rodesac pirvel da mesame sarTulebze igi Dderefans afiqsirebda. aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom Tea gurgeniZis gaTavisuflebis Semdeg misma moswavleebma gamarTes saprotesto aqcia maT maswavleblis dabrunebis moTxovniT skolis ezoSi dadges karvebi. gaTavisuflebuli pedagogi bolomde apirebs brZolas da simarTlis damtkicebas. rac Seexeba qalbaton manana cucqiriZes, igi am Temaze ar saubrobs. faqtia, rom skolebSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens sazogadoebis formirebaze. am SemTxvevebSi msxverpli ara mxolod dazaralebuli moswavle an maswavlebeli, aramed mTlianad sociumia. bolo dros gaxmaurebuli faqtebidanac kargad Cans, rom skolaSi Tavs usafrTxod arc maswavleblebi da arc moswavleebi ar grZnoben.
universiteti pirvelkurselebis gareSe 18 wlis magda marRia dRes ilias saxelmwifo universitetis samarTlis skolaSi swavlobs. is erT-erTia im 800-mde abiturientidan, visTvisac ibsu prioriteti iyo, Tumca sasurvel universitetSi avtorizaciis sabWos gadawyvetilebis gamo ver moxvda. (romlis mixedviTac universitets erTi wliT SeezRuda pirvelkurselebis miReba). ambobs, rom misi uflebebi dairRva da Sroma, romelic Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso universitetSi mosaxvedrad gaswia, faqtobrivad, gacamtverda: "gasul wels daido saolimpiado turi, ibsu grants aTamaSebda, vinaidan kerZo universitetia da gadasaxadi arc ise cotaa, gadavwyvite bedi mecada da erTi nabijiT mainc mivaxlovebodi "Cems" universitets, olimpiadiT 50%-ani granti movipove, garda amisa, vercxlis medalosanic var da CemTvis mniSvnelovani SeRavaTebi imoqmedebda ibsus arCevis SemTxvevaSi. olimpiadis Semdeg daviwye samoqalaqo ganaTlebaSi momzadeba, specialuri programiT leqciasac daveswari da ise CamiTria am universitetis specifikam, mivxvdi, Cemi adgili aq iyo”,- gveubneba magda marRia. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis avtorizaciis sabWos 2018 wlis 20 agvistos gadawyvetilebiT, Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso universitets mieniWa avtorizacia eqvsi wlis vadiT, Tumca amavdroulad, erTi wliT SeezRuda pirvelkurselebis miReba. amis mizezad dasaxelda sagadasaxado jarima, 735 000 laris odenobiT, romelic universitets 2013 wels daekisra da romelze davac sasamarTloSi mimdinareobda. sabWos am gadawyvetilebas mohyva rogorc studentebisa da abiturientebis, aseve sazogadoebis mniSvnelovani nawilis protesti. 27 agvistos daifara dakisrebuli jarimac, romelic yadaRis mizezi gaxda. universitetis warmomadgenlebma 10 seqtembers ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris saapelacio
sabWoSi Seitanes sarCeli, isini iTxovdnen pirvelkurselTa miRebis uflebas. 16 oqtombers, ganxilvis Semdeg, saapelacio sabWom daakmayofila ibsu-s moTxovna da sakiTxi gansaxilvelad isev avtorizaciis sabWos daubruna. gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi Savi zRvis universitets SeeZleba mobilobiT miiRos pirvelkurselebi. ibsu-Si molodini aqvT, rom sabWo maT sasargeblod miiRebs gadawyvetilebas, radgan rogorc amboben, jarimis gadaxdis Semdeg mas araviTari samarTlebrivi ufleba ar aqvs Tavdapirveli gadawyvetileba ZalaSi datovos. Tanac 22 oqtombers Semosavlebis samsaxurma "Savi zRvis universitetis" winaaRmdeg sarCeli sasamarTlodan gaitana, rac imas niSnavs, rom universitetis qonebas yadaRa moexsna. universitetis erT-erTi leqtori dali osefaSvili avtorizaciis sabWos gadawyvetilebas Semdegnairad afasebs:L"usamarTlo da alogikuri iyo avtorizaciis sabWos gadawyvetileba, romlis mixedviTac saqarveloSi erTerT saukeTeso kerZo universitets SeezRuda pirvelkurselebis miReba. sabWo universitets arapirdapir uzrudavs ara erTi, aramed ori wliT studentebis miRebas, radgan akrZalva 2019 wlis agvistomde moqmedebs, im droisTvis ki erovnuli gamocdebi ukve dasrulebuli iqneba. Tu sabWom ar gaauqma gadawyvetileba universiteti studentebs gaisadac ver miiRebs, rac seriozul finansur safrTxes Seuqmnis mas". sabWos gadawyvetilebas uaryofiTad afaseben universitetis rigiTi studentebic. giorgi berikaSvili meorekurselia.Ggveubneba, rom rodesac ibsu-Si abarebda icoda, is saukeTeso universiteti iyo saqarTveloSi araformaluri ganaTlebis mxriv. misi TqmiT, molodini mTlianad gaumarTlda, Tumca dRes, universitetSi Seqmnili viTarebis gamo, ibsu veRar inarCunebs pirvelobas. studentebi, romlebic proeqtebisa
da RonisZiebebis Catarebaze zrunavden gadarTuli arian amJamad yvelaze mniSvnelovan sakiTze, aqciebsa da performansebze: "samwuxarod, is garemo, romelic yvela aq moxvedril adamians aocebda Tavisi uSualobiTa da megobruilobiT, Seicvala. yvela dazafruli velodebiT sabWos gadawyvetilebas. yvelaze samwuxaro ki am gadawyvetilebaSi ara rogorc studentis, aramed moqalaqisTvis aris is, rom dRes Tu es Tavisufleba SemezRuda ar vici xval risi SezRudva iqneba saxelmwifos interesebSi",- ambobs giorgi. marTalia, Savi zRvis universitetSi mobilobiT elian pirvelkurselebis dabrunebas, Tumca aqac iCens Tavs garkveuli problemebi. kerZod, studentebi, romlebsac ibsu-Si unda CaebarebinaT axla sxva universitetebSi swavloben da kiTxvaze, gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi gadavidodnen Tu ara, calsaxad ver mpasuxoben. "ori azri ar arsebobs, rom ibsu CemTvis namdvilad bevrs niSnavs, Tumca Tu gadasvlis vadebi an procedurebi ise iqneba gawerili, rom gavlili sagnebi da kreditebi SeusabamobaSi mova erTmaneTTan, amiT ki akademiuri semestri damemateba, ar vici ramdenad momixerxdeba gadasvla",- gveubneba saqarTvelos universitetis pirveli kursis studenti luka beraia, romlisTvisac Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso universiteti prioriteti iyo. man aq Cabareba meTerTmete klasis bolos gadawyvita. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Semosavlebis samsaxurma Savi zRvis universitetis winaaRmdeg sarCeli sasamarTlodan gaitana, sabWos argumenti finansuri aramdgradobisa da yadaRis Sesaxeb gabaTilda. "saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom" gamoaqveyna kvleva, romelSic vkiTxulobT: "Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso universitetis irgvliv ganviTarebuli movlenebi sazogadoebaSi eWvs aCens, rom aRniSnuli qmedebebi politikurad moti-
virebulia. es procesi SeiZleba daxasiaTdes, rogorc xelisuflebis sxvadasxva Stoebs Soris winaswar SeTanxmebuli da koordinirebuli qmedebebi, romelTa mizans universitetis maTTvis xelsayrel pirebze gasxviseba warmoadgens". arsebobs mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac pirvelkurselTa miRebis akrZalva gamoiwvia ara finansurma problemebma, aramed Savi zRvis universitetis giulenis moZraobasTan kavSirma. ibsu-s sakiTxi sakmaod mniSvnelovania amas ki is faqtic adasturebs, rom Savi zRvis universitetis saqme evroparlamentis yovelwliur angariSSi Sevida. dokumenti Sesworda saqarTveloSi evroparlamentaris- ana gomesis vizitis Semdeg. is imyofeboda universitetSi da adgilze gaecno Seqmnil viTarebas.AangariSSi vkiTxulobT: "evroparlamenti SeSfoTebulia im wnexis gamo, romelsac TurqeTi axorcielebs saqarTveloSi mcxovreb TurqeTis moqalaqeebsa da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebze, rogoricaa, magaliTad "Savi zRvs saerTaSoriso universiteti", radganac am ukanasknels ukavSireben giulenis moZraobas. organizacia mouwodebs qarTvel oficialur pirebs yuradRebiT adevnon Tvalyuri xsenebul SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebul samarTlebriv procedurebs da sxva nebismier qmedebas, rata uzrunvelyofil iqnas maTi sruli Sesabamisoba evropul princi pebTan da standartebTan". SegaxsenebT, rom feTula giulenTan dakavSirebul CaRlaris saganmanaTleblo qsels saqarTveloSi adrec Seeqmna problemebi, kerZod baTumSi arsebul Sahinis skolas gauuqmda avtorizacia, xolo gasul wels demirelis kerZo kolejic droebiT daixura.
gverdi moamzada Tamar onianma
9
ganaTlebis panorama
genderuli ganaTleba saqarTveloSi melsac igi gamoiyenebs sakuTari da sxvisi TviTmyofadobis SesanarCuneblad. Tumca, samwuxarod, kanonis arcerTi muxli Tu punqti ar akonkretebs sqesTa Soris Tanasworobis princi pebis mniSvnelobas zogadi ganaTlebis safexurze .
ganaTlebis sistema
ukve saukuneebia, rac msoflioSi xSirad gansaxilvel sakiTxTa siaSia qalTa diskriminacia, qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis doneze qalebis monawilebis sakiTxi aqtiurad dgas. msoflios uamravi qveynis msgavsad, Cveni qveyanac CarTulia genderul disbalansTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis mogvarebis procesSi.
saqarTvelos mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi skolamdeli ganaTleba uzrunvelyofilia saxelmwifos mier, dawyebiTi ganaTleba aucilebelia. sabaziso ganaTlebas aseve saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs. moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT aseve miiRon saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi saSualo, profesiuli da umaRlesi ganaTleba garkveuli wesis Sesabamisad da garkveul farglebSi. da mainc, sazogadoebriv asparezze da gansakuTrebiT mmarTvelobiT struqturebSi aRiniSneba qalTa mkveTri nakleboba. miuxedavad gogonebis siWarbisa umaRles skolebSi, ar xdeba am inteleqtualuri potencialis saTanado gamoyeneba. saqarTvelos mxridan adamianis sayovelTao pativiscemisa da evropasTan integraciisken swrafvaze metyvelebs is, rom qveyana genderul Tanasworobaze mimarTul TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovan saerTaSoriso dokumentis xelmomwerTa Sorisaa. sakanonmdeblo TvalsazrisiT erTi SexedviT TiTqos yvelaferi rigzea: sqesis niSniT adamianTa Tanasworobis princi pebic sakanonmdeblo donezea daregulirebuli, magram samwuxarod, realoba scdeba kanoniT gansazRvrul regulaciebs. kerZod: saqarTveloSi arsebuli tradiciebi, qalisa da mamakacis rolisadmi gavrcelebuli damokidebulebebi, genderuli stereotipebi. saqarTveloSi gabatonebulia patriarqaluri msoflmxedveloba. iseTi problemebis udidesi nawili, rogoric sazogadoebis arajansaRi
10
Sexedulebaa, ganaTlebis deficitidan momdinareobs. am faqtis erT-erTi mizezi Tavad ganaTlebis sistemis arasrulfasovnebaSi SegviZlia veZeboT. saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi ar aris damuSavebuli specialuri aRmzrdelobiTi da saganmanaTleblo programebi, romelTa mizanic ojaxsa da sazogadoebaSi qalis rolis garSemo arsebuli negatiuri stereoti pebis gadalaxvaa. am sferoSi arsebul genderul problemebTa Soris aris saswavlo dawesebulebebSi maswavleblebis dabali kvalificiuroba genderis koncefciis mimarT. proeqti „qalebi saqarTvelodan“ sakuTar feisbuqgverdze skolis moswavle marita WaniSvilis mosazrebas avrcelebs genderul sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT. mariamis TqmiT erT-erTi sagnis maswavlebelma pirvelive gakveTilze biWebs mouwoda gansakuTrebiT yuradRebiT eswavlaT sagani, radgan cxovrebaSi biWebs ufro gamoadgebodaT, saxlSi rame rom gafuWebuliyo misi SekeTeba xom mxolod biWebs mouwevdaT?!
saqarTvelos konstitucia sasurvelia mdgomareoba kanonieri kuTxiTac ganvixiloT. rogorc viciT, saqarTvelos konstitucia uzrunvelyofs ganaTlebis uflebas yvela moqalaqisaTvis, Sesabamisad, is Tanabrad icavs orive sqesis warmomadgenels, „miiRos ganaTleba da airCios ganaTlebis forma“. saqarTvelos kanonSi „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ aseve aRniSnulia yvelasaTvis ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba. dokumentSi „zogadi ganaTlebis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTadi miznebi“ vkiTxulobT: „zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli mizania iseTi moqalaqis aRzrda, romelic iqneba „kanonmorCili, toleranti moqalaqe. skolam unda gamoumuSaos mozards adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da pirovnebis pativiscemis unari, ro-
skolebSi genderuli ganaTlebis kuTxiT Catarebuli kvlevebi konkretuli magaliTebis moyvanis saSualebas gvaZlevs. angariSSi „socialuri da genderuli integracia saqarTveloSi“ aRniSnulia, rom skolis saxelmZRvaneloTa umetesoba genderuli rolebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis Sesaxeb stereotipul midgomebs Seicavs. amasTan, maswavlebelTa tradiciuli Sexedulebebi gaucnobiereblad amyarebs genderul stereoti pebs saklaso oTaxSi. aseve TvalsaCinoa, rom Tanamedrove standartebiT gansazRvruli genderuli Tanasworobis princi pebi maswavleblebisaTvis srulad gasagebi ar aris. genderisa da ganaTlebis eqspertebi maT midgomebs Soris mkafio sxvaobaze saubroben. magaliTad, moswavle gogonebis TqmiT, maswavleblebi maT ufro sustebad da emociurebad miiCneven, vidre biWebs, romlebic Wkvianebad da Zlierebad iTvlebian. aRsaniSnavia, rom gogonebs, romlebic gonebamaxvilobiT gamoirCevian, Sesaqebad xSirad moixsenieben, rogorc „mamakacuri tvinis“ mqones. genderuli sensitiurobis ararseboba did gavlenas axdens moswavleebis adreul saganmanaTleblo orientaciasa da saSualo ganaTlebis Semdgom profesiis arCevaze. kerZod, maswavleblebi met yuradRebas amaxvileben biWebis profesiul ganviTarebaze, maT momavalSi ZiriTad marCenalebad miiCneven, visi warmatebuli karierac ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre gogonebis. amgvari stereoti pebis erT-erTi Sedegi isaa, rom gogonebma SesaZloa stereoti pulad „kacuri“ profesiebisken swrafva gadaifiqron, rac samecniero da sainJinro sferoebSi qalebis raodenobis Semcirebas iwvevs. erT-erTi kvleva aCvenebs, rom: saSualo skolis maRal klasebSi gogonebisa da biWebis akademiuri moswreba Tanabaria, gogonebis Sedegebi mcired aRemateba biWebisas da skolis damTavrebis Semdeg, mecnierebisa da inJineriis kuTxiT ganaTlebisaTvis gogonebi da biWebi Tanabrad arian mzad. miuxedavad amisa, am mimarTulebiT profesiul ganaTlebas ufro meti mamakaci agrZelebs,vidre qali. meti biWi gamoTqvams survils, miiRos ganaTleba mecnierebis, teqnologiis, inJineriisa da maTematikis sferoebSi. amasTan, farul stereoti pebs, romelTa mixedviTac es sferoebi biWebisTvis ufro Sesaferisia, xSirad aZliereben rogorc maswavleblebi da mSoblebi, ise saxelmZRvaneloebi. saxelmZRvaneloebis Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi analiziT dasturdeba, rom dawyebiTi safexuris saxelmZRvaneloebi genderuli rolebis Sesaxeb stereoti pebis
Camoyalibebasa da ganmtkicebas uwyobs xels. ufro konkretulad ki saxelZRvaneloebis udidesi nawili ar asaxavs genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebs. ar amyarebs moswavleebSi pozitiur damokidebulebas sqesTa Tanasworobis Sesaxeb. amasTanave, saxelmZRvaneloebSi mocemul saswavlo masalaSi uxvadaa genderul rolebsa da funqciebTan dakavSirebuli stereoti pebi.
rekomendaciebi genderulad mgrZnobiare ganaTlebis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia kompleqsuri, mravalmxrivi politikis gatareba, romelic Semdeg aspeqtebs unda moicavdes: erovnuli saswavlo gegmis gadaxedva da masSi genderuli sakiTxebis mkafiod warmoCena, rac gamWoli xazi unda iyos mTeli gegmisaTvis. ra Tqma unda sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania maswavleblis ganaTlebis programebis CamonaTvalSi genderisa da ganaTlebis kursis damateba savaldebulo sagnad.
genderuli Tanasworoba demokratiis ganviTarebis umTavresi pirobaa. qveynis ganviTareba civilizebuli sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis gareSe SeuZlebelia, es ukanaskneli ki etapobrivad genderul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli stereoti pebis moSlasa da gansxvavebuli Rirebulebebis Seqmnas ganapirobebs. problemis gadaWris sawyisad ki, ra Tqma unda, ganaTlebis sistemaSi arsebuli xarvezebis aRmofxvraa. saganmanaTleblo programebSi samoqalaqo ganaTlebis Setana evropis sabWos erT-erTi amocanaa, romelic miznad isaxavs axalgazrdebisaTvis informaciis miwodebas demokratiuli Rirebulebebisa da kargi moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb. samoqalaqo Segnebis Secvla genderul sakiTxTan mimarTebiT droSi gawelili procesia da Sedegis swrafi miReba rTulia. mravalwliani transformaciaa saWiro, raTa Seiqmnas genderuli Tanasworobis mqone kultura.
lana Caduneli
studenturi cxovrebis panorama
mdgomareoba dasaqmebis bazarze – “Cven gamoucdelebi gvWirdeba” dRevandel mdgomareobas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, saqarTveloSi SromiTi uflebebis darRvevebi xSirad gvxvdeba, gansakuTrebulad araTanaswori mopyroba studentebis mimarT SeiniSneba, romelTa anazRaureba umetes SemTxvevaSi komikuria. vakansiebis Ziebisas sainteresoa is faqti, rom kriteriumebi, romelsac unda akmayofilebdes individi maRalia, Tumca anazRaureba- dabali. maRali standartebi Tanamedrove msoflioSi garkveuli standartebis arseboba normad aRiqmeba da sakvirvelebas ar warmoadgens. survili imis, rom miiRo kargi produqti yovelTvis garkveul xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli. damsaqmebelTa SemTxvevaSi ki piriqiT xdeba, ZiriTadi moTxovnebi maRalia, standarti, rogorc aseTi, arsebobs, mizeruli Tanxa ki ucvlelia. “gansakuTrebuli xazgasmiT vityodi imas, rom studentebs saWiroebaze mets sTxoven, Tumca anazRaureba sasaciloa. sainteresoa, agreTeve, is faqti, Tu ra Tanxas iRebs adamiani, romelsac ar aqvs umaRlesi ganaTleba”, - ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis universitetis studenti, maka zuraSvili. dausrulebeli staJirebebi im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu individi akmayofilebs arsebul kriteriumebs, ar arsebobs gansazRvruli garantia imisa, rom staJirebis Semdeg samsaxurSi agiyvanen. elodebi Tveebi, wlebic ki, imas, rom elementaruli statusi mogeniWos. staJirebaTa xangrZlivoba xSir SemTxvevaSi erT wels Seadgens; es SesaZlebelia oTxi welic gagrZeldes. msgavsi xangrZlivobis staJirebebi kvebisa da transportirebisTvis saWiro Tanxas ar afinanseben. Cvens qveyanaSi arsebuli realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, iyo staJiori, niSnavs akeTo yvelaferi xmisamouReblad, da ra Tqma unda, uxelfasod. “saqarTveloSi dausrulebeli staJirebebi, romlebic imis aranair garantias ar gvaZleven, rom sabolood agviyvanen samsaxurSi da Cveni Sroma anazRaurdeba, samwuxarod ignorirebuli problemaa. staJiorad xuTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi sazogadoebriv mauwyeb-
elSi vmuSaobdi, viyavi pirdapiri eTeris wamyvani, Tumca mivxvdi, rom StatgareSe mdgomareoba didxans SeminarCundeboda. televiziaSi staJiorebad, yovelgvari xelfasis gareSe, ori weli mainc muSaoben, Tumca, mimaCnia, rom samTviani gamosacdeli vada normaluri iqneboda”,- ambobs Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso universitetis studenti Tamar maxmudovi. sainteresoa, Tu ra saxis kanoni moqmedebs mxareTa interesebis dasacavad. gavecnoT “saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsSi” arsebul debulebas: saqarTvelos kanoni sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb 24-e muxlisa da “saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsis” me-9 muxlebis mixedviT vecnobiT gamosacdeli vadis zogad wesebs. saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsis me-9 muxli: I – “Sesasrulebel samuSaosTan piris Sesabamisobis dadgenis mizniT, mxareTa SeTanxmebiT, dasaqmebulTan SesaZlebelia mxolod erTxel daidos SromiTi xelSekruleba gamosacdeli vadiT, araumetes 6 Tvisa. SromiTi xelSekruleba gamosacdeli vadiT ideba mxolod werilobiTi formiT. II – gamosacdeli vadiT muSaoba anazRaurebadia. am anazRaurebis odenoba da gadaxdis wesi ganisazRvreba mxareTa SeTanxmebiT”. kiTxvaze, Tu ra problemas awydebian saqarTveloSi studentebi samuSaos Ziebisas pasuxi metwilad erTidaigivea. “studenturi cxovreba skolaSi swavlisas sxvanairi warmomedgina, yovelTvis megona, rom es wlebi gansakuTrebuli iqneboda, Tumca, saerTo jamSi, sul sxvanairi suraTi damxvda: bavSvebi, romlebsac ar aqvT imis materialuri SesaZlebloba, rom swavlis fuli gadaixadon. studentTa garkveul nawils xSirad ar aqvs elementaruli mgzavrobis fuli. mTavaria saxlamde mividnen da meore dRes “raRac gamoCndeba”. vxedavdi da vxedav energiagamoclil Taobas, romelic Tavs ar zogavs formaluri ganaTlebis misaRebad, vinaidan da radganac, swavlas fizikurad veRar axerxeben. ar zogav Zalas gadaixado fuli imisTvis,
rac realurad arc migiRia, saintereso paradoqsia. studentebisTvis gankuTvnili samsaxuris pirobebi yovelTvis maqsimums moiTxovs maTgan da gascems 350 lars. ar mimuSavia or samsaxurze met dawesebulebaSi, Tumca yvelaze metad damamaxsovrda pirveli kursis gamocdileba. vnaxe vakansia, pirobebi aseTi iyo: unda gemuSava naxevari ganakveTi 09:00-dan 15:00-mde. rodesac gasaubrebaze mivedi erTi saintereso ram miTxres, romelic calsaxad asaxavs dRevandeli maRali eSelonebis damokidebulebas gamoucdeli mozardebis mimarT”, – acxadebs ilias saxelmwifo universitetis studenti lika petriaSvili. igi ganagrZobs: - gamocdileba gaqvT? -ara, pirveli samsaxuria. -Zalian kargi, Cven gamoucdelebi gvWirdeba. sami dRis ganmavlobaSi vmuSaobdi konkretul dawesebulebaSi, Tumca, es sami dRec sakmarisi iyo imisTvis, rom mivmxvdariyavi, Tu ramdenad maxinjia sistema. gvamuSavebdnen ara naxevar ganakveTs, aramed mTlians, ukmayofilebis gamoTqmis Semdeg miTxres, rom saqmis gamolevamde unda memuSava.”
ba iTqvas, rom damsaqmeblebi gamocdilebis armqone xalxis meSveobiT cdiloben anazRaureba Seamciron, sakuTari biujeti ki daicvan sxvaTa Sromis xarjze. samwuxaroa, rom bevrs ubralod gamosavali ar aqvs da eqvemdebareba konkretul normebs. xmamaRali ar viqnebi, Tu vityvi, rom xelSewyoba studentebis mimarT ar arsebobs. “Tanamedrove mona”, msgavsi statusi albaT yvelaze ukeT asaxavs studentTa dRevandel statuss. samwuxaro realobaa is faqti, rom egred wodebuli “zurgis” ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi TviTrealizaciis areali SezRudulia. Cveni qveynisTvis nepotizmi axal problemas ar warmoadgens. sakuTari gezis aReba swori mimarTulebiT TavisTavad sirTulea, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rodesac garemoeba araTanabar asparezs gTavazobs. Cven vcxovrobT im qveyanaSi, sadac kavSiri xarisxze maRla dgas. qveyanaSi arsebuli mdgomareoba kidev erTxel migviTiTebs imaze, rom sistemis Secvla aucilebelia.
nata beruaSvili
saerTo fons Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, SeiZle-
jansaRi kveba da studentebi kveba studentebis cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovani faqtoria. gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca axalgazrdebi uamrav energias xarjaven, swor kvebas ki xSirad ver axerxeben. miuxedavad amisa, mosaxleobis umravlesoba arajansaRad ikvebeba. ris Sedegad gamowveuli daavadebebisgan msoflio masStabiT adamianebis TiTqmis 60% iRupeba. ”bibisis” kvleviT, yvelaze xSirad arajansaRi produqtebiT 17_dan 20 wlamde asakis adamianebi ikvebebian, am asakSi ki mozardebis umravlesoba studentia da kvebac maTi reJimidan gamomdinareobs. dedaqalaqSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad studentebi Cveni qveynis regionebidan iyrian Tavs. maT umravlesobas TbilisSi marto cxovreba uwevs. amitom saxlSi mza saWmeli namdvilad ar daxvdebaT. P piradi gamocdilebiT vityvi, rom universitetSi gatarebuli TiTqmis mTeli dRis Semdeg, students ara aqvs Tavi, saxlSi raime moimzados. amitom upiratesobas gareT nayid sakvebs aniWebs. ras miirTmeven studentebi universitetSi? Cveni universitetis kafeteria regularulad ar muSaobs, amitom studentebi axlo-maxlo mdebare sacxobebs aniWeben upiratesobas. maTi ZiriTadi saWmeli ki aris arajansaRi sakvebi, romelTa ti ps SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT: lobiani, xaWapuri, Rvezeli, gaziani sasmelebi da sxva. garda amisa, Cveni janmrTelobisa da sworad kvebisTvis aucilebelia sauzmis miReba, rasac xSir SemTxvevaSi ar vakeTebT. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis mesame kursis studenti, naTia TavdumaZe ambobs, rom xSirad ver axerxebs Wamas universitetSi gadatvirTuli reJimis
gamo. “universitetSi ar aris sakvebi obieqti. gareT gasvlas da Tan iseTi sakvebi obieqtis SerCevas, sadac jansaR kvebas SevZleb, ver vaswreb. ukeTesi alternativis ararsebobis gamo me da Cemi megobrebi upiratesobas “makdonaldis” burgerebsa da kartofil fris vaniWebT.” rusudan ebraliZe saqarTvelos agraruli universitetis meore kursis studentia. ambobs, rom diliT adre uwevs adgoma da TiTqmis arasdros sauzmobs. dRis ganmavlobaSi Zalian cota sakvebs iRebs. ZiriTadad ki, comeulsa da tkbileuls. araswori kvebisgan gamowveul problemebze specialistebi didi xania saubroben. dermatolog goCa tabataZes yvelaze xSirad swored arajansaRi kvebisgan gamowveuli problemebis mqone adamianebi akiTxaven. „swrafi kvebis obieqtebSi xSiri Wama bevr daavadebas iwvevs, gansakuTrebiT mozardebSi. 21-e saukuneSi axalgazrdebSi imata Saqrianma diabetma, sakvebis mouneleblobam, Warbwonianobam, saxis kanis problemebma, romlebic gamowveulia “jankfudis” xSiri miRebiT. rCevis saxiT vetyodi axalgazrdebs, rom miiRon naturaluri produqti”. meore sakiTxia, rogor pirobebSi mzaddeba swrafi kvebis obieqtebSi saWmeli.
dakvirvebis mizniT Cven SevediT ramdenime swrafi kvebis obieqtSi, romlebSic namdvilad ar dagvxvda saxarbielo situacia. magaliTad, erT-erT sacxobSi, romelic me-6 korpusis gverdiT mdebareobs da studentebis naklebobasac ar ganicdis, higienis normebi daucvelia. vinaidan samzareulos karebi Ria dagvxvda, centraluri gzidan Semavali mtveri pirdapir sakvebis ingredientebSi xvdeboda. Agarda amisa, xelTaTmanebs ar iyenebdnen lobiosa da yvelis arevisas da samzareuloc ar iyo karg mdgomaroebaSi. meore sacxobSi autaneli suni idga da sisufTave arc iq iyo daculi. rac Seexeba miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebSi mdebare sacxobebs, aq ufro kritikuli mdgomareobaa. Rvezelis dasamzadeblad ramdenjerme gamoyenebul zeTs iyeneben, rac pirdapir xels uwyobs simsivnis ganviTarebas. M me, rogorc momxmarebels, ar maqvs usafrTxoebis gancda. radganac xSirad yofila iseTi situacia, rom SeZenil xaWapurSi yveli ar yofila. LlobianSi ki qvebic Segvxvedria, rac pirdapir miuTiTebs higienis normebis ar dacvaze. sainteresoa ra ti pis sakvebi unda miiRos studentma, rom ar akldes energia da hqondes koncentrirebis unari. Aaseve, es sakvebi unda iyos martivad xelmisawvdomi. Aam Temebze saubrobs da rCevebs gvaZlevs dietologi lia kandelaki: „studentisTvis aucilebelia rZis nawarmis miReba, romelic savsea proteinebiTa da B vitaminiT, is exmareba gonebas ukeT koncentrirebaSi. aseve aucilebelia Tevzis miReba. nigozSi Semavali cximebi aumjobesebs gonebas. lobio Seicavs B vitamins, amitom Tqveni gonebis gasaviTareblad erT-erTi aucilebeli produqtia. dRis gan-
mavlobaSi mizanSewonilia cot-cota yavis miRebac. is energiis wyaroa da SegimsubuqebT daRlilobas.“ ramdenad xelmisawvdomia studentebisTvis es yvelaferi? ramdeni exarjebaT maT kvebaSi? lobiani da xaWapuri, es is sakvebia, romlebsac yvelaze xSirad miirTmeven studentebi. maTi fasi ki minimum 2 laria. amas damatebuli gaziani sasmelebis 1.20 an meti. ufro Zviri ujdebaT studentebs Wama yvelasaTvis sayvarel “makdonaldsSi,” romelic, SeiZleba iTqvas, arajansaRi sakvebis budea. erTi burgeris, frisa da „koka-kolis“ fasi jamSi 4 laria. studentebisTvis yoveldRe 4 lari, mxolod erTjeradad kvebisTvis, arc ise iafia. Tanxis es raodenoba gansakuTrebiT dida maSin, roca mas mgzavrobis fasi emateba. magaliTad, rusTavidan Camosul students mgzavrobaSi minimum 4 lari exarjeba, amas damatebuli kvebis 3-4 lari, rac dRis ganmavlobaSi 7-8 lars Seadgens. kviraSi ki studentebi an 5 dRe swavloben, an minimum- 3 dRe. Ggamodis rom, kviraSi mxolod mgzavrobasa da kvebaSi 21 laridan 35 laramde xarjaven, rac, sakmaod didi Tanxaa studentisTvis, romelsac amis garda kidev bevri ram esaWiroeba. studenturi kvebiT gamowveuli problemebis Tavidan asarideblad saWiroa yuradReba mieqces zemoT aRniSnul faqtebs. TiToeul universitetSi unda Seiqmnas iseTi sakvebi obieqtebi, romlebic SesTavazebs students organizmisTvis saWiro produqts xelmisawvdom fasad da rac mTavaria, higienis normebis dacviT.
maria bedoSvili elene lacabiZe
11
studenturi cxovrebis panorama saavtoro sveti universitetis Sesaxeb ,,aRzrda aris xelovneba, romlis srulyofa mraval TaobaSi mimdinareobs“ kantis am frazas yvela Taviseburad igebs, ver virCevT mSoblebs magram Cven SegviZlia avirCioT aRmzrdelebi. mosaxleobis did nawilSi sakmaod avtoritetulia saxelmwifo universiteti rogorc erT–erTi saukeTeso ,,aRmzrdeli“ skolis Semdgom periodSi, romlis mizanic studentis profesionalad Camoyalibebas warmoadgens. marTlac bevri kargi da Tavis saqmeSi profesionali leqtori gvyavs, romlebic uziareben Tavis gamocdilebas studentebs, magram mxolod codnis miReba sulac araa sakmarisi profesionalad CamoyalibebisTvis, amisTvis saWiroa praqtika sakuTar sferoSi arsebul warmatebul kompaniebSi, telefonSi xSirad momsvlia Setyobineba, romliTac javaxiSvilis studentebs gvepatiJebodnen sxvadasxva kerZo kompaniasTan Sesaxvedrad dasaqmebis mizniT, da mainc es ubralod fasaduri mgonia, me ar maxsendeba arcerTi Cemi kurseli, romelic msgavsi SetyobinebiT dasaqmda, mqondes codna da ar mqondes praqtika ? me viqnebi iseTive profesionali, rogori frinvelic aris pingvini, ase Sors ver gavfrindebiT. Cven SegviZlia msoflioSi warmatebuli universitetebis praqtika am kuTxiT, ufro konkretulad ki SemdegSi SegviZlia ganvixiloT am etapze ki sul es iyo, mTavaria mmarTvelTa neba da idea Semdeg ki mis ,gadmoqarTulebas“ aRaraferi daudgeba win. oTar SioSvili, fsiqologiisa da ganaTlebis mecnierebaTa fakultetis studenti
SeniSvna: Tu gsurT Tqveni saavtoro sveti gamoqveyndes, gTxovT, gamogvigzavneT el.fostazepanoramatsu@gmail.com.
12
studenturi dilema “pirveli kursidan maqvs sakuTari Semosavali. ramdenime moswavles vamzadebdi ucxo enaSi, Semdeg ki Cemma daqalma SemomTavaza erT-erTi sastumros mimRebSi muSaoba. radgan Tavad movida es samsaxuri Cems cxovrebaSi, mec uari ar vTqvi." – ambobs 20 wlis mariam samxaraZe, Tsuis Jurnalistikis studenti, romelic TiTqmis naxevari welia muSaobs da Tan swavlobs. “Cemi siamovnebisTvis vmuSaob, Tan sakuTari fulis gemo sul sxvaa. damoukidebeli gavxdi, swavlis fulsac CemiT vixdi, mSoblebs erT TeTrsac ar varTmev arafrisTvis.” Tumca, miuxedavad amisa, igi bevr problemas awydeba: “rTulia erTmaneTs SeuTavso samsaxuri, leqciebze daswreba, Tan mecadineobac. Aamis garda, TiTqmis dros veRar vuTmob ojaxis wevrebs, megobrebs. calke sakiTxia mudmivi uZiloba da daRla.” Mmariamis msgavsad saqarTveloSi bevri studentia dasaqmebuli. samwuxarod, dasaqmebuli studentebis zusti raodenoba cnobili araa, Tumca yvelasTvis TvalsaCinoa problemebi, romlebic maT dasaqmebas exeba. sakiTxi mravalmxrivia da uakvSirdeba, rogorc SromiT bazarze studentebze morgebuli samuSaos naklebobas, ise fsiqologiur da janmrTelobis mdgomareobas im studentebisas, romlebic arsebul pirobebSi mainc muSaoben. studentebis saSualo asaki 17-25 wlamde meryeobs. adamianisTvis ki es is asakia, rodesac cdilobs i povos sakuTari "me", sasurveli sfero da saqmianoba, romliTac dakavebuli iqneba mTeli cxovreba. Tumca studentebs xSir SemTxvevaSi uWirT im profesiiT dasaqmeba, romlis Teoriul codnas umaRles saswavleblebSi iReben, radgan, Cveulebriv, damsaqmeblebi codnasTan erTad gamocdilebasac iTxoven. aseT SemTxvevaSi, studentisTvis erTaderTi alternativa staJirebaa, romelic saqarTveloSi jerjerobiT araa anazRaurebadi. erTaderTi motivacia praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis miReba da enTuziazmia profesiis mimarT, romelic arasaTanado xelSewyobis gamo SeiZleba maleve gaqres. "dasaqmebuli studentebis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba da stresi"
mTavari problema swored swavlisa da samsaxuris SeuTavseblobaa. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT mariam samxaraZe aRniSnavs: “marTalia,cxrils Tavad vadgenT universitetSi, magram SemoTavazebuli sagnebi isea gadanawilebuli, rom maT Soris Sualedi xSirad 3-4 saaTia, ris gamoc mTeli dRe universitetSi unda iyo. Tumca roca samuSao dRe emTxveva prioritetuli es ukanasknelia.”
- kvleva, romelic Tbilisis saxelimwifo universitetis magistrma ani jolbordim da ilias saxelmwifo universitetis profesorma Tengiz verulavam moamzades. masSi monawileoba 50-ma 1825 wlamde dasaqmebulma studentma miiRo. kvlevis im nawilSi, sadac dasaqmebis motivaciazea saubari, saintereso statistikas vecnobiT: 76%-isTvis Semosavlebis gazrdaa muSaobis mTavari motivacia. profesiuli swavleba ki mxolod 22%-isTvisaa mniSvnelovani. kvlevaSi amis mizezebzecaa saubari. studentis orientacia Semosavalze aqtualuria ganviTarebad qveynebSi, sadac socialur-ekonomikuri krizisis Sedegad axalgazrdebi SezRudul daxmarebas iReben ojaxidan. aseve, xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac regionebidan Camosul studentebs sacxovreblis uzrunvelyofa Tavadve uwevT da esec damatebiTi xarjia. aseT dros ki erTaderTi gamosavali iseT poziciebze dasaqmebaa, sadac gamocdilebas da gansakuTrebul unar-Cvevebs ar iTxoven. aseT samsaxurebSi minimum 8 saaTiani samuSao grafikia da xSirad ramdenime smenaSi muSaobac uwevT studentebs.
valiswinebs dasaqmebulis interesebs da arc universiteti sTavazobs students raime perspeqtivas am kuTxiT.” igi saubrobs studentis socializaciis problemaze sxvadasxva garemoSi : “adamiani cxovrebis sxvadasxva etapze ramdenime socialur statuss erTdroulad atarebs - studentis, TanamSromlis, megobris, ojaxis wevris, Seyvarebulis – TiToeuli maTganis srulfasovnad Sesruleba, energiisa da resursebis gadanawileba metad rTulia. es faqti ki damatebiT stress iwvevs mozardSi, radgan rTulia prioritetebis gansazRvra.” Tamari saubrobs datvirTuli grafikis uaryofiT mxareebzec: “ students aseT dros uWirs akontrolos Zilis da kvebis reJimi. xSir SemTxvevaSi amaze fiqrs studentebi nakleb dros uTmoben, ris gamoc gamofitulebi da mudmivad daRlilebi arian. sabolood ki am yvelafris disbalansi iseT fsiqologiur problemebs iwvevs, rogorebicaa: SfoTva, emociuri daZabuloba, yuradRebis gafantuloba da sxva mravali.”
aRsaniSnavia kidev erTi mniSvnelovani problema, romelic gulisxmobs Sromis bazarze naxevarfsiqologi Tamar doRa- ganakveTiani samsaxurebis Ze saubrobs imaze, Tu ra TiTqmis ararsebobas. Dda zianis momtani SeiZleba Tu arsebobs, anazRaureiyos studentisTvis swav- ba araa damakmayofilebelasTan erTad muSaoba: li. Aaseve, arc universi“studentobisas adamiani tetebSia iseTi saswavlo yvelaze metad produqti- cxrilebi, romlis paraulia da enTuziazmiTaa lelurad studenti SegansmWvaluli nebismieri Zlebs muSaobas. "axalgazsaqmis mimarT. Tumca qa- rda socialistebis" mier rTul realobaSi Zalian 2017 wels momzadebul rTulia SeuTavso erT- kvlevaSi, romelSic 1850maneTs swavla da samsax- ma 17-31 wlamde axalgazuri, gamomdinare iqidan, rdam miiRo monawileorom arc damsaqmebeli iT- ba, 58%-isTvis dasaqmebis
naTelia, rom problema seriozuli da masStaburia. am yvelafris mizezebi da gamosworebis gzebi unda veZeboT yvelgan, sadac es Tema gvxvdeba. Pproblemis mogvarebas kompleqsurad unda Seudgnen saswavleblebi, damsaqmeblebi, Tavad studentebi da saxelmwifoc. am ukanasknelma unda gaakontrolos garemo, raTa ar dairRves romelime mxaris uflebebi. magaliTad, staJirebis Sesaxeb kanonSi vkiTxulobT, rom mxareebs Soris xelSekruleba ara umetes 6 Tvis vadiT unda daidos. am SemTxvevaSi unda gakontroldes SemTxveva, roca staJiori 6 Tvis gasvlis Semdeg rCeba samsaxurSi da man aucileblad unda miiRos saTanado anazRaureba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, es kanonis darRveva iqneba. problemis mogvarebaSi Tavisi wvlili unda Seitanon damsaqmeblebma da umaRlesma saswavleblebma. pirvelis SemTxvevaSi sasurveli iqneba, Tu gaizrdeba naxevarganakveTiani samsaxurebis ricxvi, Tumca unda gaumjobesdes pirobebi da anazRaurebac. saswavleblebma unda uzunvelyon moqnili grafikis Seqmna an kidev Tavad unda SesTavazon studentebs staJirebis an dasaqmebis programebi. erTi SexedviT es yvelaferi keTdeba kidec, magram imdenad cota adamianze vrceldeba, rom arc ki Cans. studentebma, Tavis mxriv, xmamaRla unda isaubron arsebul sakiTxze, unda dasaxon mogvarebis gzebic, radgan swored maT esmiT yvelaze ukeT zemoaRniSnuli problemis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, ician Tu rogor SeiZleba gamoswordes saerTo mdgomareoba.
magda cercvaZe
universitetis panorama
reportaJi
studenturi cxovreba bagebSi
bagebis studqalaqis stumrobisas pirvel dauviwyar efeqts infrastruqtura axdens. gabzaruli kedlebi, wlebiswinandeli remonti, nestiani Weri da Zveli fanjrebi warsuls mogvagonebs. Tumca, studentebisTvis es erTaderTi unikaluri adgilia, radgan komfortis gareSec komfortulad cxovroben. moswonT garemo, romelsac sociumi amSvenebs da ara, infrastruqtura. ,,aq samegobro wreebia Seqmnili, kargi gemovnebis mqone adamianebia, karg musikas usmenen, karg filmebs uyureben, karg wignebs kiTxuloben da sainteresoa, maTTan saubrebi’’- gviyveba giorgi zarnaZe, studqalaqis erT-erTi mkvidri. problemebi korpusze Tvalis SevlebiTac ki uamravia. saerTo sacxovreblis SigniT arsebul saidumloebebze detalurad iq mcxovrebi studentebi gvesaubrnen, romelTa nawils anonimurobis SenarCuneba surs.
sacxovrebeli materialuri resursebis marTvis departamentis bagebis studenturi qalaqis ufros specialist, koba kapanaZesTan, erTad davaTvaliereT. amJamad, studentebs cxovreba pirvel da meore korpusebSi SeuZliaT, romlebSic TiTqmis Tanabari pirobebia. mesame, meoTxe da mexuTe korpusebi ki iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebs ekuTvniT. studenturi sacxovreblis meore
korpusSi SesvlisTanave yuradRebas iqcevs ulamazesi oranJeria, romelic dacvisa da administraciis wevrebis mondomebiT gakeTda. pirvel sarTulze grZeli derefnis dasawyisSi kompiuteruli klasia, sadac ganTavsebuli 15 kompiuteri 24 saaTian reJimSi muSaobs. kompiuterebi meore korpusSi dgas, Tumca maTi gamoyeneba, ra Tqma unda, orive korpusis bavSvebs SeuZliaT. derefnis bolos ki samrecxao oTaxs vxvdebiT. xuTi sarecxi manqana meore korpusSi, eqvsi ki- pirvelSi. ganaxlebuli abanoebi, kompiuterebi da sarecxi manqanebi aris is, rac bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi Seicvala da gakeTda. Tumca, 245 studentisTvis arc Tu ise advilia sasurvel dros sasurveli momsaxurebis miReba. CvenTan saubrisas, aRniSnaven, rom lodini xSirad uwevT da teqnika sakmarisi ar aris. erT-erTi respondenti, romelsac saxelis gamxela ar surs, ambobs, rom wyali an kargad ar cxeldeba, an saerTodac ar modis xolme. Sesabamisad, isurvebda, abazanebis gamarTulad muSaobas. miuxedavad imisa, rom axali ganaxlebulia. orive Senoba 2008 wels gadaixura. wyali aRar Camodis, Tumca dasvelebuli Weri da kedlebi SemorCa, razec koba kapanaZe gvpasuxobs, rom saSiSi ar aris. wyali rom ar Camodis, Cveni anonimuri respondentic gvidasturebs. Tumca ambobs, rom masTan pirvel sarTulze wyali amodis xolme trapidan... amaze saubari ki arasasiamovnod miaCnia. ra aris sacxovreblis yvelaze didi problema? - vekiTxebiT baton kobas. upirveles problemad man Zveleburi da daSlili aveji daasaxela, romelic bavSvebis mier aris ,,nakowiwebi’’. axal avejs bagebis administracia momavali wlidan elodeba. xolo, studentebisTvis es erTaderTi problema ar aris. filologiuri fakultetis meoTxe kursis student ciuri gvenetaZes surs,
rom megobrebisa da ojaxis wevrebis datoveba RamiT SeeZlos. Tumca, studqalaqis Sinaganawesi amas krZalavs. sivrcis nakleboba, Txeli kedlebi, romlebic xmebs ar akavebs da komforti yvelaze did problemad miaCniaT Cvens respondentebs. ,,usafrTxoebis mxriv, kedlebze bzarebs Tu ar CavTvliT, Semosasvlels dacva yovelTvis kargad akontrolebs, TiTqmis SeuZlebelia Semoparva’’,gveubneba kampusis erT-erTi mcxovrebi studenti niniko qanTaria. usafrTxoeba rom daculia, amaze administracia da studentebic Tanxmdebian. arsebobs evakuaciis sistema. korpusSi Sesvlas dacvis samsaxuri akontrolebs. iwers ucxo pirTa vinaobas, radgan gansazRvruli drois Semdeg Senoba stumrebma unda datovon.
yvelaze metad urTierTobebi moswons. bavSvebi ikribebian da erTad mecadineoben. ewyoba eqskursiebi da studenturi saRamoebic.
koba kapanaZis TqmiT, korpusSi Tavs yvela imdenad usafrTxod grZnobs, rom oTaxis karebi sul Ria aqvT. ,,me13 weli sruldeba, rac aq vmuSaob da gadarazuli kari jer ar Semxvedria. ar yofila qurdobis SemTxveva, yvela erTmaneTs pativs scems’’. kiTxvaze, ra migaCniaT sacxovreblis dadebiT mxared, respondentebis pasuxi erTmaneTs hgavs. studenti giorgi zarnaZe gveubneba, rom finansuri SeRavaTi da pirvel rigSi, sociumi moswons. xiblavs aura, romelic sacxovrebelSi trialebs da gadamdebia ,,ramdenime dRis win erTma fizikosma mezobelma uZvelesi dinamikebisgan, romlebic mgoni saerTod ar muSaobda, bluTuz dinamikebi aawyo da Zalian magrad gaverTeT... aq ganaTlebuli adamianebi arian, keTilebi da mezoblurebi. maTi xasiaTi gadadis sxva mcxovreblebze, dacvaze da stumrebzec ki’’ rogorc Tavad aRniSnavs, am yvelafris fonze SeuZlia marto iyos, gancalkavebiT sxvebisgan da myudrod igrZnos Tavi. aseve, studenti ciuri gvenetaZe ambobs, rom
internetis oTaxSi Seyvana da gadaxda ki bavSvebs Tavad uwevT. Tu ras moxmarda gaZvirebuli gadasaxadidan Semosula Tanxa, koba kapanaZe isev komunalurebs asaxelebs. aseve gveubneba, rom yofila SemTxvevebi, roca gadauxdelobis gamo studentebs sacxovrebeli dautovebiaT. Tumca am kuTxiT, administracia cdilobs, xeli Seuwyos bavSvebs. Tu gvinda, rom studenturi cxovreba naTlad davinaxoT, yvela Tavisi problemiTa da TavgadasavliT, maSin swored bagebs unda vestumroT. radganac ganaxlebis imedad darCenili ori uZvelesi, daRupvis piras mdgomi korpusi warmoudgenlad didi istoriis matarebelia. rogorc studentebi aRniSnaven, yvelafris miuxedavad: ,,aq mainc gansakuTrebulad kargi aura trialebs’’. aura, romelsac Tavad qmnian.
bagebis kampuss macxovreblebis simcire arc maSin ganucdia, rac lisze evropuli standartebis saerTo sacxovrebeli gaixsna, erTi wlis win. mizezi martivia- fasSi iseTive sxvaobaa, rogoric standartSi. lisis studqalaqSi cxovreba 150 lari Rirs. bagebis studqalaqSi cxovreba ki erTi welia, rac 30 laris nacvlad 50 gaxda. TanxaSi Sedis komunaluri gadasaxadebi: deni da wyali. bunebrivi gazi korpuss saerTod ar aqvs.
gvanca CxikvaZe
13
mediawignierebis panorama
ratom vwerT mediawignierebaze? TiToeul Cvengans yoveldRiurad informaciis uzarmazari nakadis miReba da gafiltvra uwevs. xSirad ar viciT, vis vendoT da vis mier mowodebuli informaciaSi Segveparos eWvi. socialuri media am process kidev ufro arTulebs, radgan aq ukontrolod vrceldeba siaxleebi da Sefasebebi. am yvelaferma gamokveTa sazogadoebaSi mediaw-
ignierebis amaRlebis saWiroeba da Cvenma redaqciam gadawyvita erTi rubrika am sakiTxs dauTmos. rubrikaSi “mediawignierebis panorama” ganxiluli iqneba iseTi Temebi, rogorebicaa yalbi ambebi, propaganda, trolebi, yalbi angariSebi da a.S rubrika miznad isaxavs gazeTis mkiTxvelTa cnobierebis amaRlebas mediawignierebis sakiTebze.
Tanamedrove civi omi “dasavleTi YTavs gvaxvevs homoseqsualobas, pedofilias, garyvnilebas”, “evropa ebrZvis marTlmadideblobasa da qarTul eklesias”, “amerika iyenebs da marTavs saqarTvelos”, „natoSi gawevrianeba teritoriebis dakargvas niSnavs”, “saqarTvelosTvis mxolod rusuli bazaria momgebiani”- es mcire CamonaTvalia im antidasavluri gzavnilebisa, romlebic yoveldRiurad sxvadaxva gziT vrceldeba da qveyanaSi prorusuli ideologiis gavrcelebas isaxavas miznad.
743 antidasavluri gzavnili 2014-15 wlebSi, 1258 _ 2016 wels, 1967 _ 2017 wels- aseTia saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli antidasavluri propagandis Semcveli gzavnilebis statistika. bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi “mediis ganviTarebis fondis” kvlevebis mixedviT. savaraudoa, rom msgavsi gzavnilebis raodenoba kidev ufro gaizrdeba. antidasavluri propaganda, mani pulaciebi da yalbi ambebi erT-erTi meqanizmi da iaraRia, romliTac ruseTi cdilobs sakuTari ideologia gaavrcelos ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed mTel msoflioSi. am brZolas “Tanamedrove civi omis” saxeliTac moixsenieben, radgan ruseTi swored “rbili Zalisa” da ideologiuri kampaniis gamoyenebiT miiwevs saboloo miznisken, rac sakuTari gavlenis damkvidrebaa saqarTveloSi da aramarto saqarTveloSi. ra aris antidasavluri propaganda? ruseTis mxridan mizanmimarTul qmedebaTa erToblioba, moqmedebs adamianis gonebasa da emociebze da mani pulirebs masze. mTavari mizani qveyanaSi destabilizacia da rusuli ideologiis farTod gavrcelebaa.
istoriuli rakursi antidasavlur propagandas jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiri iyenebda sakmaod aqtiurad da Sedegianad. isini sabWoTa moqalaqeebs uqmnidnen mtris xats amerikis saxiT da aCvenebdnen ramdenad ukeTesi cxovrebaa sabWoeTSi amerikasTan SedarebiT. mniSvnelovania, rom 2003-2004 wlebidan ruseTma uari Tqva prodasavlur kursze da daiwyo imperialisturi politikis gatareba. 2007 wels ki vladimer putinma ruseTSi ganacxada, rom kvlav surda e.w “velikaia rasias” aRdgena. dRemde ar wydeba msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, rom ruseTi Caeria amerikis 2016 wlis saprezidento arCevnebSi, tereza meim Riad daadanaSaula ruseTi am faqtSi.
14
vin avrcelebs antidasavlur propagandas saqarTveloSi? “mediis ganviTarebis fondis” 2017 wlis kvlevis mixedviT, wina wlebis msgavsad, 2017 welsac antidasavluri propagandis Semcveli gzavnilebis ZiriTadi wyaro mediaa. gamovlenili 1967 gzavnilidan 827 mediaze modis. mas mohyveba politikosebi da sazogadoeba. Semdeg ki- sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi da sasuliero pirebi. “mediis ganviTarebis fondis” kvlevis angariSSi antidasavluri propagandis TiToeuli gamavrceleblis konkretizacias vxvdebiT. mediis SemTxvevaSi yvelaze meti prorusuli gzavnili 4 mediasaSualebas ekuTvnis. esenia: onlaingamocema “saqarTvelo da msoflio” (geoworld.ge), sainformacio portali “saqinformi”, televizia “obieqtivi” da gazeTi “asaval-dasavali”. mniSvnelovania, rom es mediasaSualebebi ara marto Jurnalistur produqtSi iyeneben antidasavlur gzavnilebs, aramed maTi respondentebis komentarebSi amave narativi SeiniSneba. rac Seexeba politikosebsa da sazogadoebriv organizaciebs, kvlevaSi dasaxelebulia ramdenime maTgani. politikuri partiebidan antidasavluri gzavnilebis sixSiriT pirvel adgils ikavebs “gaerTianebuli demokratiuli moZraoba” , romlis lideric nino burjanaZea. mas mosdevs “patriotTa aliansi” da “qarTuli dasi”.Ppartiebis umetesoba antidasavlur gzavnilebs ZiriTadad natos winaaRmdeg akeTebs. “saqarTveloSi natos erToblivi wvrTnebis Catarebas ruseTis provocirebad da saomari moqmedebebis eskalaciis safrTxed afasebda partiebis umravlesoba. aseve natoSi integracias- TurqeTis intervenciad da teritoriuli mTlianobis dakargvad.”- vkiTxulobT kvlevis angariSSi. sazogadoebrivi organizaciebidan ki antidasavluri propagandis yvelaze aqtiuri gamavrceleblebi: „qarTuli marSi“, „saxalxo kreba“ da „evraziuli instituti“ arian.
ra ti pis gzavnilebi Warbobs? antidasavluri gzavnilebis Tematika mravalferovania, Tumca maTi umetesoba dasavluri institutebis diskreditaciis garSemo trialebs da ruseTis upiratesobis warmoCenas isaxavs miznad. “mediis ganviTarebis fondis” kvlevaSi gamoyofilia is ZiriTadi Temebi, romelTac exeba prorusuli gzavnilebi. 2014-2016 wlebSi Warbobda adamianis uflebebsa da genderul identobasTan dakavSirebuli gzavnilebi. 2017 wlis monacemebiT ki yvelaze xSiri amerikis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli gzavnilebia. mas mosdevs Crdilo-antlantikuri aliansi da dasavleTi. unda aRiniSnos, rom zemoT CamoTvlil TiToeuli Temis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli gzavnilebi 2016 welTan SedarebiT
gaormagebulia. amerikis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli ki gasammagebuli. sxva Temebidan aRsaniSnavia arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da jorj sorosi, aseve sabWoTa kavSiris idealizebis Tema.
ratom saqarTvelo? ZiriTadad prorusuli propaganda yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebSia gaaqtiurebeli, radgan swored aqaa yvelaze martivi sabWoTa nostalgiis gaRviveba da ruseTisadmi simpatiis gaCena.Aamas emateba isic, rom saqarTvelos teritoriis 20% ruseTis mieraa okupirebuli da ruseTis interesi saqarTvelos mimarT ukve didi xania gacxadebulia. rusuli propaganda aqtiurad muSaobda ukrainaSic, yirimis aneqsirebamde.Ppropagandistuli gzavnilebi ukrainelebs, nacionalistebsa da rus moqalaqeebs moZaladeebs uwodebdnen da erTgvarad cdilobdnen ukraineli eris diskreditacias. “kargad unda gaviazroT, rom Cven ar vupirispirdebiT erT konkretul propagandistul mediasaSualebas, aramed Cven winaaRmdeg aris kremli, romelic sakuTar hibridul omze uzarmazar Tanxebs xarjavs.” rogor vebrZoloT rusul Zalas- ras amboben eqspertebi?
rbil
saqarTveloSi yalbi axali ambebisa da antidasavluri propagandis winaaRmdeg ramdenime organizacia muSaobs. erT-erTi maTgania “mediis ganviTarebis fondi”, romlis kvlevebic zemoT vaxsene. organizaciis erT-erTi mkvlevari sofo gelava problemis gadaWris strategias mravalganzomilebians uwodebs da miiCnevs, rom brZolaSi
rogorc samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, ise saxelmwifoc unda iyos CarTuli. “propagandasTan brZola mxolod samoqalaqo sazogadoebis, arasamTavrobo seqtoris aqtivobebiT ar unda Semoifarglebodes da arsebobdes mkafio da Camoyalibebuli saxelmwifo strategia. kargad unda gaviazroT, rom Cven ar vupirispirdebiT erT konkretul propagandistul mediasaSualebas, aramed Cven winaaRmdeg aris kremli, romelic sakuTar hibridul omze uzarmazar Tanxebs xarjavs. swored amitom, mniSvnelovania, saxelmwifo doneze vaRiaroT problema, SemuSavdes Sesabamisi samoqmedo gegma da daigegmos swori da Tanmimdevruli komunikaciis strategia. xolo ruseTisgan, rogorc okupanti saxelmwifosgan momdinare safrTxe, iqneba es fizikuri safrTxe, Tu sainformacio, asaxuli unda iyos yvela strategiul dokumentsa da samoqmedo gegmaSi“- ambobs sofo gelava. sofo gelava problemis gadaWris moqalaqeobriv gzazec saubrobs: “rac Segvexeba Cven, moqalaqeebs, unda viyoT kritikulebi da kiTxvebis dasmis gareSe ar miviRoT informacia, ar davujeroT im informacias, rasac sxvadasxva platformebi sakuTari miznebidan gamomdinare gvawvdian. marTalia, es dros moiTxovs, Tumca socialuri qselebis epoqaSi aucilebelia odnav meti dro davxarjoT informaciis gadamowmebaze, sanam mas gavaziarebT da Tavad gavxdebiT dezinformaciis gamavrceleblebi”. Tanamedrove civ omSi saqarTvelos garda uamravi qveyanaa Cabmuli, romlebic saerTo mters da am omis Semoqmeds- ruseTs ebrZvian. am omSi brZola Tanabari araa mxareebisTvis, Tumca gamarjveba mainc SesaZlebelia.
mariam talaxaZe
mediawignierebis panorama
sanam daijereb, gadaamowme albaT yvelas, vinc feisbuqs movixmarT, Segvxvedria dasponsporebuli gverdebi da piradi profilebi, romlebic ama Tu im politikuri Zalis piars an e.w. Sav piars emsaxurebian. aseTi aqtivobebi bolo ori arCevnebis ganmavlobaSi gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia. dasponsorebuli(,,dabustuli“) gverdebi avrceleben im mesijebs, romlebis masobriv auditoriamde mitana romelime politikur jgufs sWirdeba. amas garkveulwilad axerxeben kidec. imave mizani aqvs yalb(feik) profilebs, romlebic sxvadasxva aqtivobiT sazogadoebrivi azris formirebas cdiloben. samwuxarod, aseT mani pulaciebis sazogadoebis garkveuli nawili obieqturi realobisgan ver asxvavebs da mani pulatoris zemoqmedebis qveS eqceva. Tumca yalbi gverdebisa da profilebis amocnoba rTuli saerTod ar aris. Sevecdebi, warmogidginoT ramdenime meTodi, romliTac maT identificirebas SeZlebT:
Wdilebas tovebs. Cven SegviZlia vnaxoT gverdze postebis raodenoba, TariRebi da davrwmundeT maT siaxleSi. aseTi gverdebi arCevnebamde cotaxniT adre iqneba xolme. 6) gverdi xSirad sarkastuli an iumoristuli,masalebi ki damontaJebuli, an konteqstidan amoglejilia. magaliTad, romelime politikosis gancxadeba SeiZleba ise iyos daWrili da sxvadasxva nawilebiT gaerTianebuli, rom mayurebelma sruliad sapirispirod gaigos mosaubris naTqvami. 8) isini zogjer mizanmimarTulad Tavs asaReben romelime partiis mxardamWerad da maTi saxeliT araswor informacias avrceleben, rasac sazogadoeba SecdomaSi Sehyavs. rac Seexeba yalb (fake) profilebs: 1) maT umetesad gaugebari Sinaarsis saxelebi hqviaT, magaliTad Nina Nina, nicolaos wise, , robizon kruzo, gio gio, da a.S. ;
1) aseT gverdebze xSir SemTxvevaSi erTi politikuri parti- 2) ar udevT piradi fotoebi is interesebis gamtari infor- da informacia; macia devs. akritikeben yvelas, erT-erTis garda, an ganadide- 3) sxvadasxva postebze weren ben im erT-erTs; erTi da igive komentarebs, an sxvadasxvas -saerTo Sinaar2) ,,About”-Si ar aris mocemu- siT; li gverdis mizani da sakontaqto informacia; 4) maTi mobilizeba ZiriTadad xdeba politikurad 3) aseve, xSirad gaTiSuli aqvT mniSvnelovan postebze, sadac review (Sefasebisa) da rekomen- reaqciebis(reacts) ti pi da daciis funqcia. komentarebi sazogadoebrivi azris formirebas axdens. 4) postebi xSir SemTxvevaSi cxadia, yalbi, mani pulatori sodasponsorebulia. es niSnavs cialuri mediis arsebobas ar imas ,rom viRac fuls uxdis eqneboda aranairi mniSvneloba, feisbuqs imisTvis , rom es posti ,,nius fidSi” bevrma ada- rom ar arsebobdes mani puliremianma naxos. swored am gziT bis mTavari iaraRi, feikniusi. axerxeben masobriv auditori- dResdReobiT yalbi axali ambebi globalur probamde miRwevas. lemas warmoadgens. msofli5) maT Seqmnis didi istoria, os mraval qveyanaSi araerTi cdilobs, rogorc wesi, ar aqvT, Tumca mediaorganizacia swrafad moxveWili laiqebis sazogadoebas maTi amocnobis raodenoba sapirispiro STabe- meTodebi aswavlos, miuTiTos mediasaSualebebze, romlebic
mas avrceleben. miuxedavad amisa, sazogadoebis didi nawili feikniusebs martivad ijerebs, rac araswori warmodgenebis Camoyalibebas iwvevs.
fotoze erTxel dawkapunebiT, guglSi moZebnoT is. Tu aRmoCnda, rom es foto sxva faqts ukavSirdeba, ese igi niusi yalbia, an fotoa plagiati.
es problema ganviTarebul qveynebze metad ganviTarebad qveynebSi awuxebT, maT Soris saqarTveloSi, radgan sazogadoeba mediawignieri ar aris da naklebad kritikuli TvaliT uyurebs axal ambebs. yalbi ambebi xSirad ise ileqeba Cvens tvinebSi, misi ararealurobis Sesaxeb araferi gvesmis.
4) kargad waikiTxeT niusi da wyaroebs miaqcieT yuradReba. didi mniSvneloba aqvs vin arian isini. Tu gaurkveveli organizaciebi an pirovnebebi arian, SesaZloa niusi yalbi iyos, amitom ufro kritikulad gadaamowmeT is.
magaliTad: cotaxnis win gavrcelda informacia, rom prezidenti giorgi margvelaSvili amerikaSi marixuanis mowevis gamo daajarimes; vaSlijvarSi eTnikurad iranelebis moTxovniT eklesiaSi zarebis rekva Sewyvites; salome zurabiSvilis gancxadebebs vladimer putinma gmiroba uwoda da sxv. es yalbi ambebi sazogadoebam martivad aitaca , Tumca cotam Tu naxa ,,mediaCekeris” statia maT siyalbesTan dakavSirebiT. Sevecdebi, gaswavloT, rogor ar wamoegoT feikniusze da rogor amoicnoT isini: 1) aseT niuss xSirad skandaluri saTauri aqvs, rac auditoriis mozidvas emsaxureba. emociebis provocirebisTvis saTaurSi xSirad weria sasveni niSnebi (! , ? , ...).
5) SeamowmeT sxva mediasaSualebebi. konkretul axal ambavs Tu erTaderTi saagento an gverdi aSuqebs, misi siyalbis riski maRalia. 6) yuradReba miaqcieT niusis teqsts. Tu masSi mravlad aris gramatikuli , an faqtobrivi Secdomebi, es siyalbis maniSnebelia. 7) axali ambavi SeiZleba naxevrad simarTle iyos. amitom daakvirdi TiToeul detals. Tu erTi nawilis namdvilobaSi darwmunebuli xar, darCenili nawili gadaamowme. 8) feikniusi xSirad sazogadoebis fobiebsa da ganwyobebzea gaTvlili. magaliTad, is xSirad Seicavs homofobiur da qsenofobiur niSnebs.
ase rom, yalbi ambis amocnoba ar gagviWirdeba, Tu yuradRe2) misi gamavrcelebeli xSi- biT davakvirdebiT zemoT Carad arapopularuli, an saer- moTvlil detalebs. mTavaria, kritikuloba. Tod ucnobi saagento an gver- SevinarCunoT teqnologiur samyaroSi, sadac dia. amitom daakvirdiT, Tu yvelas SeuZlia informaciis mas ar endobiT, didi Sansia rom niusic yalbi iyos. aseve, gamoqveyneba, yvelas individgadaxedeT am mediasaSualebis ualuri filtri gvWirdeba, kontents. SesaZloa, yalbi am- radgan jerjerobiT aravis bavi sxva drosac aqvs gamo- Seuqmnia mowyobiloba, romelic sicruesa da simarTles qveynebuli. erTmaneTisgan gamijnavs. 3) yalb ambavs , cxadia, aseve akaki alagardaSvili yalbi , an konteqstis Seusabamo foto axlavs. SegiZliaT
15
kulturis panorama
interviu
axalgazrda mxatvris problemebi saqarTveloSi interviu qristi botkovelTan
Tu saqarTveloSi mxatvrebi adre tiloebs yiddnen da am gziT naSovni fuliT sakuTari Tavisa da ojaxis rCenas cdilobdnen, TanamedroveobaSi maT profesiuli winsvlisTvis ufro meti Sansi eZlevaT. amis miuxedavad, sferoSi dResac bevri mougvarebeli problema rCeba. Cveni respondenti 13 wlis iyo, roca gaacnobiera, rom kargad xatavs. axla 27 wlisaa da misi cxovrebis gza mxatvrobas mWirdod ukavSirdeba. fiqrobs, rom am profesiis axalgazrdebi cxovrebasa da karieraSi bevr winaaRmdegobas awydebian, Tumca miiCnevs, rom am yvelafris mogvarebis gzebic arsebobs. axalgazrda mxatvari, kristi botkoveli sakuTar gamocdilebaze, gegmebsa da profesiul gamowvevebze gvesaubreba.
Cemi azriT, ar gvaqvs da es kidev erTi problemaa. roca damWirda, erTaderTi mag dros samxatvro akademia iyo, iqidanac erT kviraSi wamovedi. gadavwyvite, rom is dro, romelsac saswavlebelSi davxarjavdi, praqtikisTvis gamomeyenebina. Tavisuflad SemeZlo saxlSi, Tundac, internetgakveTilebis yureba. SeiZleba, gaswavlian raRacas, magram iseT CarCoebSi gsvamen, rom Tavisufleba ar gaqvs. arada, roca mxatvari xar, Tavisufali unda iyo.
- rogor fiqrob, aqvs Tu ara mxatvrobas axalgazrdebSi ganviTarebis potenciali?
- rogori iyo Seni pirveli mcdelobebi mxatvrobaSi da gza dRevandel dRemde? bavSvobidan vxatav, magram, albaT, 13 wlis viyavi, roca gavacnobiere, rom saqmis kargad keTeba SemiZlia. babuaCemi mxatvari iyo da bevr rames maswavlida. amis xarjze mivxvdi, rom xatva Cemi saqmea da amiT 27 wlamde movedi. 2012 wels xeliT moxatuli maisurebis gayidva daviwye. ar megona, rom tiloze naxati vinmes daainteresebda, radgan maSin saqarTveloSi aseTi tendencia ar iyo. xalxs Tavi maisurebiT gavacani. Semdeg ukve maZalebdnen, rom tiloze naxatebi yvelasTvis meCvenebina. sabolood, erT-erT barSi gamofena mqonda da iq Cemi naxatebis yidva moundaT. aman mimaxvedra, rom tiloebis gayidvac SemeZlo.
- Seni gadmosaxedidan, ZiriTadad,
ra problemebis winaSe dgas axalgazrda mxatvari saqarTveloSi? yvelaze didi problema isaa, rom saqarTveloSi Seni Sromis fass ver xvdebian. SeiZleba, zogs unda, rom gadagixados, ubralod ar aqvs fuli da Senc minimalur Semosavalze giwevs muSaoba. roca sxva qveynebidan maqvs SekveTebi an naxats vagzavni, iq amas xvdebian da yovelTvis mets miricxaven. aq es procesi rTulia – roca oTxniSna ricxvs vusaxeleb, 80%-s ukvirs. arada, xSirad es procesi 2 kviris ganmavlobaSic grZeldeba da dReSi 6 saaTs vxatav. - Semosavlis problema xom ar gaxda is faqtori, romelmac xatvis paralelurad barSi muSaoba dagawyebina? imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom grafikuli dizaineric var da sul jdoma an dgoma miwevs, janmrTelobis problemebi mewyeba. konkretulad, zurgi mtkiva an vsuqdebi. amasTan, roca vxatav, dro arasdros maqvs da megobrebsac ver vnaxulob. Cemi meore samsaxuri mxolod Semosavlis wyaro ki ara, erTgvarad gulis gadayolebacaa. Zalian momwons koqteilebis sxvadasxva ferSi gakeTebac. adre rom mekiTxebodnen, ra aris Seni hobio, ver vcemdi pasuxs. aRmoCnda, rom es samsaxuri Cemi hobia.
mimarT ara, es sxva mxatvrebzec vrceldeba. adre ilias universitetSi vswavlobdi da Semdeg samxatvro akademiaSi gadavedi. vifiqre, rom iq rames viswavlidi, raSic Sevcdi. roca vambobdi, rom akademiaSi mindoda swavla, mSoblebi mSrali xidisken mimiTiTebdnen – es aris Seni bolo, iq dajdebi da gayidi naxatebso. axla situacia Seicvala – me Wiqebze xatva daviwye, viRacam maisurebze, viRacam ki sxva ramec moifiqra. am yvelafris xarjze xvdeba xalxi, rom es saqme kargia. adre mxatvrebi mxolod is adamianebi egonaT, romlebic rusTavelze, kibeze an mSral xidze isxdnen. - Tu gqonia SemTxveva, roca Seni daxatuli SekveTa ar moswonebiaT? aseTi SemTxveva arasdros mqonia, magram bolo dros Zalian rTuli damkveTi myavda. dausrulebeli naxati naxa da egona, rom saboloo versiac aseTi iqneboda. ar miyvars, roca xatvis procesSi miyureben da hgoniaT, rom roca davasruleb, maSinac isev iseTi iqneba. ori kviris ganmavlobaSi Zalian mawvala am adamianma, bolos ki aRfrTovanebuli iyo. imaze bevrad ukeTesi gamovida, rasac velodio. zogadad, aseTi replikebi ufro mesmis xolme.
- rogorc axsene, Secdi, roca samxatvro akademiaSi gadaxvedi. zogadad, Tu adamians mxatvroba aint- zogadad, ramdenadaa SesaZle- eresebs da profesiuli kuTxiT beli axalgazrda mxatvrisTvis, daxelovneba surs, gvaqvs Tu ara damatebiTi samsaxuris gareSe, saku- saqarTveloSi iseTi adgili, sadac Tari Semoqmedebis gayidviT Tavis amas SeZlebs? rCena? - amJamad ra mimarTulebiT muSaob? am etapze Zalian bevri SekveTa maqvs. Cems megobarTan erTad saerTo proeqti daviwye. saqarTveloSi mixvdnen, rom Sablonur stikers xeliT naxati jobia da ase ufro lamazia. axali kafeebi roca ixsneba, yvelas unda, rom xeliT iyos moxatuli. SekveTis damTavrebis drod erT an or kviras misaxeleben, amitom damWirda megobris daxmareba. axlo momavalSi gverdis gakeTebas vapirebT da zamTrisken gamofenis mowyoba minda. rac Seexeba meore samsaxurs, xatvis paralelurad barSic vmuSaob. ZiriTadad lurj ferSi vxatav, radgan Rame da kosmosi miyvars. yvelas hgonia, rom sxva ferebSi ar SemiZlia xatva, magram bolo SekveTebSi es gavakeTe da yvelas davumtkice, rom muqi ferebi ubralod miyvars.
16
ra Tqma unda, SesaZlebelia. mTavaria, guliT akeTebdes saqmes. mxolod mxatvarze araa – zogadad, roca yvelafers deb Sens saqmeSi, minimalurs an minimalurze odnav mets mainc iReb. amiT Tavsac irCen da normaluradac SegiZlia cxovreba. miT umetes, TanamedroveobaSi mxatvroba ufro gamoyenebadi gaxda. raRac momentSi adamianebma iswavles, rom es yvelaferi ufro materialuri TvalsazrisiT waeyvanaT. - profesionalizmis donis gazrdasTan erTad, ramdenad amCnev xalxis mier Sromis dafasebis kuTxiT raime cvlilebas bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi? xalxis damokidebuleba aSkarad ukeTesobisken Seicvala. marto Cem
dRes Cemi sfero popularulia. zogjer adamianebi mcnoben kidec da Tu SekveTebis raodenobasac gaviTvaliswinebT, didi dainteresebaa, magram qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamo raRacis gakeTeba rTulia. erTaderTi gza aqedan wasvlaa, rac ar minda. bevrjer mqonda wasvlis Sansi, magram Tu yvela wavida, veRaravin verafers gaakeTebs. amis miuxedavad, ucxoeTidan ufro did gamoxmaurebas da SemoTavazebebs vxedav, vidre Cemi qveynidan.
- ra unda gakeTdes imisTvis, rom arsebuli situacia gamoswordes, ra aris gamosavali saxelmwifosa da mxatvrebis mxridan? unda iyos meti aqtivoba. Tu kompaniebi dainaxaven, rom viRacas potenciali aqvs, gamofenis mowyoba unda SesTavazon.ACvenTvis rTulia, roca sagamofeno darbazi dReSi 100 dolars gvTxovs. Tu es yvelaferi mogvardeba, Cvenc gveqneba metis gakeTebis xalisi. erTi sityviT, kompaniebi unda ecadon, xalxs ukeT gaacnon Cveni Tavi. axalgazrda mxatvrebs vurCevdi, rom arajansaR kritikas arasdros miaqcion yuradReba. gza, romelmac am dRemde momiyvana, sakmaod rTuli iyo – bevrjer minerviulia, rom xalxs Cems Tavs sakmarisad ver vacnobdi, magram maSin patara viyavi. qarTvelebs sCveviaT aseTi raRac – ar SeuZliaT, rom raRacaze Tqvan “ar momwons”, yovelTvis amboben, rom “cudia”. Tu xalxi amas gadaeCveva, Zalian kargi iqneba da axalgazrdebsac ar daekargebaT motivacia.
ekaterine janiaSvili
kulturis panorama
reportaJi
sulxan-saba orbelianis literaturuli muzeumi adgili, romelsac unda icnobde
sulxan-saba orbelianis literaturuli muzeumi - adgili, romelsac unda icnobde saqarTveloSi TiTqmis yvelam viciT, vin dawera „sibrZne sicruisa“, an „sityvis kona“ - maTi avtori sulxan-saba orbeliania aRorZinebis xanis didi mwerali, mecnieri da politikuri moRvawe. is dResac didi avtoritetiT sargeblobs TanamedroveTa Soris, rasac exmianeba frangi misioneri, Jan riSari, da sulxan-sabas „saqarTvelos mamad“ moixseniebs. sainteresoa, ramdenma Cvenganma icis, sad daibada da aRizarda yvelasTvis sayvareli igavTmweri. qvemo qarTlSi, bolnisis maxloblad, sofel tanZiaSi, sulxan-sabas literaturuli muzeumia. rogorc tanZielebi aRniSnaven, is sakmaod mdidaria damTvaliereblebiT, aseve mniSvnelovani datvirTva aqvs adgilobrivebisTvisac. swored amitom gadavwyvite, Cavsuliyavi bolnisSi da TqvenTvis ufro axlodan gamecno igi. muzeumSi misuls adgilze mxvdeba erT-erTi TanamSromeli, damTvalierebelze orientirebuli programebis xelmZRvaneli - inga gerliani, romelic cdilobs, SeZlebisdagvarad, momawodos mokle da amomwuravi informacia muzeumis Sesaxeb:
„literaturuli muzeumi, romelic orbelianTa istoriuli sasaxlis nafuZvarzea agebuli , 1984 wlis 3 ivniss, sabaobis me-3 dResaswaulze gaixsna. maTi sasaxle ki 1936 wels komunistebma saSeni masalis gamo daangries muzeumis arqiteqtura ekuTvnis arqiteqtor nukri alxazaSvils, mxatvruli gaformeba ki saqarTvelos damsaxurebul mxatvars - zurab samxaraZes”, -gveubneba inga gerliani. muzeumSi Sesuls namdvilad mogWriT Tvals didi zomis naxatebi, romlebic lamazadaa ganlagebuli darbazebSi. irgvliv siCumea, Tumca iq warmodgenili namuSevrebia metyveli da mravlismTqmeli. inga gerliani kvlav agrZelebs: „muzeumSi saeqspozicio masala 3 darbazSia ganTavsebuli. pirveli darbazi eZRvne-
recenzia
baT orbelianTa winaprebs. meore darbazSi warmodgenilia istoriuli masala, romelic asaxavs sulxan-saba orbelianis cxovrebas, mis Semoqmedeba-moRvaweobas, mesame mcire darbazSi ki warmodgenilni arian Tanamedroveni da misi memkvidreebi.“ amis Semdeg, respondentma gamixmo ezoSi, sadac orbelianTa sagvareulo taZarze unda moeTxro. ezoSi amayad mdgar taZars etyoba, rom sakmaod Zveli unda iyos, rasac respondentic midasturebs: „pirvandeli saxiTaa moRweuli ezoSi arsebuli orbelianTa sagvareulo taZari, romelic 1683 wels, tufis qviTaa agebuli...“ amasobaSi, iReba WiSkari da jguf-jgufad Semodian bavSvebi, Semdeg ufrosebic gamoCndnen. savaraudod, eqskursia unda iyos. asec aris - muzeums amjerad Tbilisis 122e sajaro skolis me-4 klaselebi stumroben. uzarmazar, ayviTlebul ezoSi bavSvebi maleve daifantnen. zogi xeze aZvra, zogma daWerobanas TamaSi daiwyo, zogic mxolod seirnobasa da Semodgomisferi xeebis Tvalierebas Seudga. maswavleblebma da mSoblebma maleve Sekribes daqsaqsuli moswavleebi, Svilebi da SenobaSi SeuZRvnen. cota xanSi kvlav gamoefinen ezoSi da jguf-jgufad Casxdnen yviTel foTlebSi. mSoblebi da maswavleblebi iqve trialeben, magidas misxdomian da wasaxemseblad emzadebian. gansakuTrebulad kargi ganwyobiT gamoirCeoda erT-erTi gogona, romelsac gavesaubreT da Tavisi STabeWdilebebic gagviziara: elene mujiri, Tbilisis 122-e sajaro skolis moswavle, 10 wlis: „sulxan-sabas literaturul muzeumSi xelovnebis maswavlebelma wamogviyvana. mas Zalian uyvars muzeumebi da cdilobs, Cvens Segvayvaros. es gamosdis kidec, radgan me ukve Zalian miyvars muzeumebSi stumroba. sulxan-saba orbeliani Cemi erT-erTi favoriti qarTveli mweralia, amitom gamixarda, roca gavige, rom aq unda wamovsuliyaviT. Zalian momewona Zveli nax-
atebi, albaT imitom, rom mec miyvars xatva. yvelas gansakuTrebiT mogvewona didi ezo, sadac Tavisuflad SegviZlia gaverToT. minda, momavalSic vestumro am adgils.“ rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, sulxan-saba orbelianis literaturuli muzeumi mraval damTvalierebels maspinZlobs. TanamSromlebi am mxriv yvelaze aqtiur periodad gazafxulsa da Semodgomas asaxeleben. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, muzeums ZiriTadad stumroben skolebi saqarTvelos mTeli masStabiT. stumroben ucxoeli turistebic, Tumca, SedarebiT iSviaTad. sainteresoa, adgilobrivi mosaxleobis damokidebuleba muzeumis mimarT. rogorc aRmoCnda, is erTgvar rekreaciul adgils warmoadgens da didi siyvaruliTa da popularulobiT sargeblobs tanZiis mosaxleobaSi. es erTi SexedviTac Cans - uzarmazari ezo sisufTaviTa da silamaziT gamoirCeva, rac muzeumis TanamSromlebTan erTad adgilobrivebis zrunvis Sedegicaa. „tanZieli bavSvebisTvis sayvareli adgilia muzeumis ezo, misi Semogareni. saSualeba mogvecema Tu ara, vcdilobT yvelani iq SevikriboT. sofels xaliss mateben misi sezonuri stumrebic, rac Zalian gvaxarebs“ aRniSnavs CvenTan saubrisas sofel tanZiis mcxovrebi mariam mibCuani. inga gerlianma gviambo muzeumis tradiciazec, romelsac „sabaoba“ hqvia. misi TqmiT, es aris RonisZieba (an kvireuli), romelic eZRvneba sulxan-saba orbelianis xsovnasa da mis Semoqmedebas. am dros ikribebian rogorc adgilobrivi, ise sxvadasxva regionidan Tu qalaqidan Camosuli mwerlebi, momRerlebi, saxalxo mTqmelebi, moswavle-maswavleblebi. kvireulis farglebSi ewyoba viqtorinebi da sxva SemecnebiTi xasiaTis aqtivobebi. tradicia saTaves 1979 wlidan iRebs, 2006 wlidan ki yovelwliurad imarTeba. RonisZiebas mravlad axsovs cnobili saxeebi - 1999 wels saqarTvelos imJamindeli prezidenti eduard SevardnaZe,
saqarTvelos parlamentis yofili Tavmjdomare nino burjanaZe, poeti jansuR kaxiZe da sxv. „sabaobis“ garda, muzeumi aqtiurad maspinZlobs da organizebas uwevs sxvadasxva literaturul RonisZiebas. muzeumSi Sesvlisas SeigrZnobT idilias, romelsac iq myofi koleqtivi qmnis. aSkaraa, rom gamoirCevian gansakuTrebuli mondomebiTa da saqmis mimarT siyvaruliT. swored am adamianebis damsaxurebaa muzeumis dRevandeli saxe da is miziduloba, rac ubiZgebs mnaxvelebs misi stumrobisaken. inga gerliani, TanamSromeli, romelmac CvenTvis muzeumis gacnoba iTava, gveubneba, rom muzeums erTaderTi, rac realurad awuxebs, esaa Tanamedrove teqnologiebis uqonloba, rac xelis SemSleli faqtoria saqmianobis gacnobasa da farTo auditoriasTan urTierTobaSi: „muzeumi eqvemdebareba adgilobriv munici palitets. namdvilad ver vityviT, rom uyuradRebobas vuCiviT. gvawuxebda dabali anazRaureba, Tumca ama wlis seqtembris TveSi es problemac, ase Tu ise, mogvarda. faqtobrivad, ar arsebobs didi problema, Tu ar CavTvliT kompiuterebisa da internetis ararsebobas, rac gvaferxebs sociumTan komunikaciisas.“
muzeumidan wamosvlisas mivxvdi, rom am adgils aqvs saocari unari, Zalian mokle droSi dagamaxsovros da Segayvaros Tavi. sulxan-saba orbelianis literaturuli muzeumi namdvilad imsaxurebs kidev ufro met damTvalierebelsa da stumars. merwmuneT, Tu aq erTxel mainc aRmoCndebiT, gardauvalia, ar mogindeT dabruneba.
elene gogolaZe
yvelas "RmerTi samsaxurSia", sad muSaobs Seni RmerTi?
Tu jer kidev ar gifiqriaT vin SeiZleba qmnides yvelaze cnobil Worebs, rogor SeiZleba skolis literaturis maswavlebeli sadRac milanSi narkotiks gTavazobdeT, vin arian xanSiSesuli meZavTa klubis wevrebi, bolos da bolos sad SeiZleba muSaobdes gankacebuli RmerTi, maSin yvelaferi win gaqvT.
daTo gorgilaZe postmodernist mweralTa ricxvs am Semodgomas Seemata da SeZlo erTi SexedviT ubralo, yoveldRiuri ambebi usazRvro fantaziis wyalobiT gamorCeulad eqcia. misi yvela personaJi an Cven gvgavs, an Cvens mezobels, klasels, megobarsa Tu Seyvarebuls. isinic Cvens qalaqSi, Cvennairi cxovrebiT cxovroben da albaT gaumarTlaT kidec, radgan mwerlis jadosnobiT warmoudgeneli siuJetis gmirebi gaxdnen. wigni “RmerTi samsaxurSia” 4 moTxrobisgan Sedgeba da Znelia romelime maTgani gamoarCio. mwerali sada, yoveldRiuri, sasaubro eniT, yovelgvari CaxuWuWebebis gareSe gviyveba istoriebs. wigni erTi kinoseansisTvis saWiro droSi ikiTxeba da misi yvela moTxroba calke filmis scenaria. mkiTxvels pirvel moTxrobad “xanSiSesul meZavTa klubi” xvdeba da maSinve iwyebs mweralsa da mTavar gmirTan damegobrebas. aba rogor SeiZleba im kacis gasaWiri ar gaiziaro, vinc pirvelive winadade-
baSi gagimxels: “inglisuri ro mcodnodna, kide ho, mara ar vicodi da SemeciT Tu gindaT. berZnuli miT umetes ar vicodi. saerTod, mgoni araferi vici wesierad, ai ise, saqmis codna ro eTqmodes. samsaxuridan aTenSi gamiSves, raRac forumSi monawileobis misaRebad.” dasawyisSive vxvdebiT, rom aq SegiZlia yvelaferi pirdapir, Tavisuflad Tqva, gulaxdiloba mkiTxvelisken gadadgmuli pirveli nabijia. es erTaderTi moTxrobaa, romelsac safuZvlad realuri ambavi udevs da masSi sakuTar Tavs Tu ara, nacnob adamianebs aucileblad i poviT. gansakuTrebuli iumori mkiTxvelisken gadadgmul pirvel nabijs iqve mohyva da yvela is eWvi gaaqro, rac SeiZleba debiutanti mwerlis mimarT gagCenodaT. sarkazmiT ukeTesi dasanaxia patara, TiTqos umniSvnelo “codvebi” ,yvelam rom viciT erTmaneTze, magram aravin ar vambobT. aseTi ki ramdenia siviSi inglisuris gverdiT “fluenTis” miTiTebiT dawyebuli trakis qiciniT damTavrebuli.
gagrZeleba me-18 gverdze
17
kulturis panorama iwyeba me-17 gverdidan
yvelas "RmerTi samsaxurSia", sad muSaobs Seni RmerTi?
Ppopularuli frazebic aravis gamorCenia, Tavi zustad ise rom igrZnoT, rogorc sakuTari ubnis samegobrosTan: “ara biWo! aq yle aravin ar ari. daJe ramdenime fraza maqvs dazepirebuli “iTs e great fleJa Tu miT iu earli mornin”. Gg-s ar vayoleb. ase ufro Teslia. oRond, dila ro ar iyos da saRamos macnobdnen vinmes, mainc “mornins” viZaxi. ki vici, ro saRamo “ivning” ari, mara jer erTi “morning” ufro siTeslea da meorec, amdeni wlis naSenebi sistemis morRveva ar minda.” – xom ar gagaxsendaT qarTveli “profesionalebis” didi nawili, nebismieri sferodan, Tanac am gmirs pirveli universiteti aqvs damTavrebuli, rogorc TviTon ambobs oTxwlian sasjels ixdida, swavlac ar iyo rTuli, radgan TviTon swavla saerTodac ar iyo. siuJetis mravalferovneba, avtoris saocari warmosaxva, Txrobis simsubuqe da kargi iumori mkiTxvels imdenad ajaWvebs wigns, rom ukve ubralod elodebi raRac axals, raRac iseTs, rasac ici, rom ver gamoic-
nob, magram isiamovneb. warmogidgeniaT, rom Worebs SeiZleba erT dawesebulebaSi Tavmoyrili adamianebi Txzavdnen da avrcelebdnen? Tanac gana Cveulebriv, aramed iseT Worebs, mere mTeli qveyana rom ijerebs. magaliTad: lokokinas rom fexi daabijo wvima wamova, micvalebulTan mxolod 15 lariani kelaptari unda daanTo. ainStaini rom orosani iyo. stalins rom 20 aTasi wigni hqonda wakiTxuli... da saerTod xom ufro warmoudgenelia milanis aeroportSi gadaawydeT skolis literaturis maswavlebels, masTan erTad gasinjoT narkotiki da aRmoaCinoT, rom italias iseTi raRac mopara, rasac verc ki ifiqrebdiT. es erTi patara wigni SefarviT Tu cxadad yvela problemas gviCvenebs: sazogadoebis mdgomareoba, gaWirveba, warsulis kvali, kompleqsebi, ojaxi, ganaTleba da, ra Tqma unda, rwmena - maradiuli Tema, romelsac postmodernizmi mravaflerovnad iazrebs. amjerad gankacebuli RmerTi taqsis mZRolad muSaobs, rac
mTavaria, nabaxusev mgzavrs dilauTenia ludze patiJebs da iqve azustebs “Tu ar gveyofa, gavabevrebT”. daTo gorgilZem qarTul postmodernizms Tavisi wili mwikvi marili ukve moayara. me ki vfiqrob, rom yvelas Tavisi RmerTi hyavs da yvelas “RmerTi samsaxurSia”. zogi sad muSaobs da zogi sad. zogs rogor esmis RmerTis da zogs rogor, arasdros ici, rodis sad Sexvdebi, es Sexvedra ras mogitans da win ra gelodeba... “TbilisSi ki isev erTmaneTs Aagineben da isev araferi ician, arc warsulisa da arc axlandelis. momavalze xo laparakic zedmetia. eg maforiaqebs. samagierod vmSviddebi, roca warmovidgen, rom sadRac, Zalian Sors, Tovlian mdeloze gaunZrevlad dgas didi da uSiSari iremi, viRacis siyvaruls darajobs, kamerisken iyureba da Tu moundeba icekvebs kidec.”
salome CikvilaZe
“Tbilisuri bazari” _ axali platforma qarTveli mewarmeebisTvis qmnian moxatul CanTebs, bloknotebsa da samkaulebs, romlebic sxvadasxva mineralisa da mcenarisgan mzaddeba. “aqamdec araerTxel migviRia monawileoba quCis marketebSi. vfiqrobT, rom es saukeTeso saSualebaa adgilobrivi mewarmeebis gasacnobad. mewarmeebs, romlebsac ar aqvT maRazia, saSualeba eZlevaT, mosaxleobas axlodan aCvenon TavianTi namuSevrebi da ar Semoifarglon mxolod onlain SekveTebiT. CvenTvis “Tbilisuri bazari” ganviTarebis met SesaZleblobasa da Cveni produqciis farTo auditoriisTvis miwodebas niSnavs”, - Tqva lali TvaliaSvilma.
ucnauri siTxeebi Tbilisur bazarze
Tu gaqvs mcire biznesi, awarmoeb qarTul produqcias da gsurs, rom Seni namuSevari sazogadoebas gaacno, maSin “Tbilisuri bazari” gelis Sen. yovel SabaT-kviras, rusTavelis gamzirze, “sTolis” organizebiTa da Tbilisis meriis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saqalaqo samsaxuris iniciativiT tardeba qarTuli produqciis gamofena-gayidva _ “Tbilisuri bazari”. igi miznad isaxavs mikro da mcire mewarmeebis waxalisebasa da maTi produqciis popularizacias. damwyeb mewarmes SeuZlia “sTolis” mimarTos. “sTol” aris gamorCeuli qarTuli produqtebis mwarmoebeli mikro da mcire mewarmeebis gaerTianeba, koleqtivi, romlis mizania erToblivi ZalebiT Seqmnas rac SeiZleba meti saintereso savaWro sivrce da yovel mzian SabaT-kviras Caataros marketi. aRniSnuli gaerTianeba mewarmeebs produqciis momxmareblamde mitanaSi exmareba da aZlevs rCevebs brendis ukeT warmosaCenad. “Tbilisur bazarze” warmodgenilia dedaqalaqSi warmoebuli produqciis sxvadasxva saxeoba: aqsesuarebi, minanqari, keramika, teqstili, xe da sxv. “Cven mikro da mcire mewarmeebs TavianTi produqciis realizebaSi vexmarebiT, swored amas isaxavs miznad “Tbilisuri bazari”. vfiqrobT, rom msgavsi ti pis gamofena-gayidvebi kvlav CavataroT, raTa xeli SevuwyoT adgilobrivi mewarmeebis nivTebis popularizacias”, - aRniSna Tbilisis meriis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saqalaqo samsaxuris ufrosma andria basilaiam.
“kidev erTi quCis marketi “labadasgan” gansxvavebiT, “hi pis” Semqmnelebs, lali TvaliaSvilsa da demetre marxvaiZes TavianTi produqciis gasayidad maRazia aqvT, Tumca “Tbilisuri bazari” axali momxmareblebis mozidvaSi exmarebaT.
18
axalgazrda mewarme, sofo kajilaSvili naWris CanTebs sxvadasxva dizainiT amzadebs da Tavad keravs. onlain iRebs SekveTebs da monawileobs quCis marketebSi. “samwuxarod, maRazia ar maqvs, amitom Zalian mixaria, rom msgavsi proeqtebi saqarTveloSi tardeba; mec da bevr axalgazrda mewarmes Sansi gveZleva, rom Cveni namuSevrebi gamovamzeuroT”. sofo miiCnevs, rom keravs ferad bednierebasa da surs, gaaferados Tbilisi da sruliad saqarTvelo Tavisi CanTebiT.
mewarmeebs Soris arian gvanca kikabiZe da ana melimonaZec, romlebic, meuRleebTan erTad, glintveins gansxvavebuli receptiT amzadeben. “Cven vamzadebT sxvadasxva saxis siTxes, zafxulSi es siTxe, ra Tqma unda, civia, zamTarSi ki - cxeli. iqidan gamomdinare, rom ukve acivda, gadavwyviteT Segveqmna rame iseTi, rac kargad gagvaTbobda, amitom SevjerdiT glintveinze _ aTbobs kargad, radgan Seicavs alkohols da aris cxeli. glintveins vamzadebT Cveneburad, vamatebT komSs, murabebsa da sxvadasxva saxis xils, raTa turistebisTvis saqarTveloSi gasinjul cxel Rvinos gansakuTrebuli gemo hqondes da didxans daamaxsovrdeT”.
evropaSi mogzaurobidan daxlamde sxvadasxva saxis suveniris, samkaulis, saWmlisa Tu sasmlis Semdeg, “Tbilisur bazarze” damTvalierebeli kosmetikasac aRmoaCens, magram ara qimiuri minarevebisgan damzadebuls. “giSeri” aris pirveli qarTuli brendi, romelic xelnakeT organul kosmetikas awarmoebs, igi mzaddeba organuli minarevebisgan da usafrTxoa momxmareblisTvis. “idea evropaSi mogzaurobis dros gagviCnda, roca vnaxeT, Tu ramdenad moTxovnadi iyo adgilobrivi warmoebis produqcia turistebSi. maT sxvadasxva saxis kosmetika samSobloSi mihqondaT, rogorc suveniri. dasaxeleba aviReT “vefxistyaosnidan”, radgan “giSeri” “vefxistyaosanSi” gamoyenebulia, rogorc silamazis metafora”, - aRniSna erT-erTma damfuZnebelma, Mmariam Rlontma.
kuTxe, sadac yovelTvis kargi suni trialebs
“Tbilisuri bazriT xalxs Tavs vacnobT“ 50-mde mewarmes Soris, romlebic “Tbilisur bazarze” daregistrirdnen, arian elene WiWinaZe da naTia nesoSvili. isini wyalgaumtari materiisgan sawvimar labadebs, CanTebsa da qudebs amzadeben. amboben, rom Tbilisuri bazari maT produqciis popularizaciaSi exmarebaT: “samwuxarod, ar gvaqvs maRazia, amitom SekveTebs viRebT onlain, “Tbilisuri bazari” ki gvexmareba damTvalierebels Cveni produqcia Tavad warvudginoT da ukeT gavacnoT maT, amasTan, miviRoT maTgan garkveuli saxis rekomendaciebi” - aRniSna elenem.
“msurs yvelaferi gavaferado”
“Tbilisur bazarze” warmodgenili kidev erTi brendi -“CirCxela”- Cirsa da CurCxelas awarmoebs, aqvs 15-mde saxeobis Ciri: ananasis, bananis, forToxlis, kivisa da sxv. momxmarebels agreTve sTavazobs tylapis farTo arCevans, romelic danamatebis gareSe mzaddeba.
“Tbilisuri bazari” stumrebis simcires ar uCivis. rusTavelis gamzirze, yovel SabaT-kviras, adgilobrivebTan erTad, turistebi iyrian Tavs. erT-erT damTvalierebels, Tamar jafariZes “Tbilisuri bazris” idea Zalian moswons da ambobs, rom mxars uWers yvela proeqts, romelic axalgazrdebs ganviTarebaSi daexmareba. “gadavwyvite am bazrobas vwveodi, pirvel yovlisa, imitom, rom qarTuli produqciaa warmodgenili, minda wvlili Sevitano qarTuli nawarmis popularizaciasa da mewarmeebis waxalisebaSi.Mmixaria, rom axalbeda mewarmeebs eZlevaT saSualeba, namuSevrebi gamofinon da ar iyvnen CrdilSi”, - Tqva man. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom qarTvel mewarmeebs ZiriTadad sakuTari ZalebiT uwevT produqciis momxmareblamde mitana, maTgan umetesobas ar aqvs sakuTari savaWro sivrce, sadac SeZlebs produqciis gamotanasa da gayidvas, es sakmaod did TanxebTanaa dakavSirebuli, amitom msgavsi gamofena-gayidvebi exmareba maT ganviTarebaSi. quCis marketebi sxvadasxva adgilas araerTxel Catarda, magaliTad, damoukideblobis dRes mcire mewarmeebs SeeZloT nawarmi quCaSi ganTavsebuli daxlebidan legalurad gaeyidaT. amasTan, sanam “Tbilisuri bazari” rusTavelis gamzirze gadmoinacvlebda, yovel SabaT dRes, saRamos 5 saaTidan Ramis 11 saaTamde, riyis parkSi damTvalierebels SeeZlo gacnoboda sxvadasxva saxis brends da SeeZina misTvis sasurveli nivTebi. “Tbilisur bazarze” daregistrireba nebismier msurvels saxlidan gausvlelad, veb-platformis saSualebiT dekembramde SeuZlia. pirveladi monawileobis miReba gamofena-gayidvaSi ufasoa, xolo yovel Semdeg jerze marketSi monawileobis miRebis Rirebuleba 50 lars Seadgens.
xatia vardia
kulturis panorama
interviu
qarTveli mxatvari aRmosavluri kulturidan Zalian ar miyvars gamofenisTvis aqtiuroba da ZalisxmeviT ramis gakeTeba, amitom, rodesac isini TavianTi nebiT damikavSirdnen Zalian bednieri viyavi, rom SemamCnies da mi poves.
- rasakvirvelia, nebismier xelovans sWirdeba pirobebi nayofierad samuSaod da xelSewyoba. rogoria ojaxis roli axla, rodesac xelovanTan erTad unda iyo deda, meuRle da diasaxlisi?
Sua saukuneebis periodis Tanamedrove interpretacia, daxvewiloba, simbolizmi, detalizacia, alegoriuloba da rac mTavaria - Sinaarsi Sedevris miRma. sofio varazi warmatebuli qarTveli xelovania, romlis namuSevrebi msoflios masStabiT kerZo koleqciebSia daculi. maT Soris kanadaSi, avstraliaSi, amerikaSi, iransa samxreT afrikaSi.
- hyavs Tu ara sofio varazs sayvareli mxatvari, romelic misi STagonebis wyarod qceula? ra Tqma unda, uamravi sayvareli mxatvari myavs. ver vityvi, rom maT vbaZav. rogor SeiZleba rembrandts mibaZo. Zalian miyvars klimti da alfons muxa, amitom SemiZlia vTqva, rom garkveuli inspiracia maTgan namdvilad iyo da zogadad, modernis stilis mxatvrebisgan. Zalian miyvars Zveli ostatebi, gansakuTrebiT mcire holandielebi, rodesac Janrul scenebs vxatavdi inspiracia maTganac iyo. isini geniosebi iyvnen da SeuZlebelia maT mibaZo, es arc minda, magram yvela geniosi inspiraciis kargi wyaroa. qarTvelebidan Zalian miyvars petre ocxeli.
- rogorc amboben „saucxood ucxo“ stilSi xatavT, romelic jer vercerT mimdinareobas dauqvemdebares. rogor i poveT es stili? bunebrivad Tu raRac faqtorebma ubiZga Camoyalibebisken? es stili bunebrivad da Zalian ucnaurad movida. axla, roca vacnobiereb am yvelafers, vxvdebi, rom misi fesvebi isev bavSvobaSia. axlac Tvalwin midgas suraTi Jurnalidan, karikaturasaviT iyo Sav fonze kari, win yvavi da kars iqiT peizaJi. imdenad CamebeWda mexsierebaSi es foto, rom imis mere mec mudmivad Sav fons viyeneb. es iyo araCveulebrivi migneba, radgan Savi foni universaluria, yvelaferi uxdeba. am stils ra hqvia namdvilad ar vici, verc erTma xelovnebaTmcodnem miTxra, albaT, bevri ramis sinTezia, ufro ekleqtikuria.
- Tqveni naxatebi gansakuTrebuli detalizaciiT gamoirCeva. rogor xvdebiT, rom naxatze muSaoba daasruleT da bolo akordi SeasruleT? simarTle giTxraT, ukve intuicia Camomiyalibda da alRo avuRe, rom ityvian. etapobrivad vasruleb samuSaos. bolo akordia CemTvis, rodesac oqros detalebs da Sav fons meore fenas vusvam. magram mudmivad kritikulad var,
kmayofileba arasdros modis. nebismieri namuSevari Tavidan rom Sevafaso, yvelgan vi povi detals, romelsac sxvanairad gavakeTebdi, an davamatebdi, an gamovaklebdi. me es mzrdis da maviTarebs. mxatvroba es ar aris sinamdvilis imitacia da zustad gadmotana, TiToeuli naxatis istorias vigoneb. CemTvis es realobis ara gadmoxatva, aramed Cemi gamoxatvaa, rogorc minda da vxedav.
- iq, sadac sityvebi verafers xdebian, xelovneba saubrobso. risi Tqma surs sofio varazis namuSevrebs? Zalian mwyins, rodesac saTaurebs ar mekiTxebian, radgan TiToeul namuSevars Tavisi istoria, ambavi da preistoria aqvs. am ambebs ZiriTadad me vigoneb, siuJets vageb da Semdeg vxatav. mirCevnia me TviTon movifiqro ambavic da saTauric, vidre ilustraciebi vakeTo, amiT sxvebsac Tavisuflebas vaniWeb azrovnebaSi, rom Tavad ifiqron da ganaviTaron scenari. yvela personaJs Tavisi istoria, xasiaTi da daniSnuleba aqvs, rac realurad qmnis karg namuSevars.
- romelia TqvenTvis gamorCeuli naxati an istoria? Zalian miyvars aRmosavluri siuJetebi, sadac SegiZlia gadmosce simdidre, xazi gausva Cacmulobasa da ferebis mravalferovnebas. me miyvars mravalfiguriani kompoziciebi, romlebsac didi istoria aqvT. Zalian miyvars dasavlur stilSi Sesrulebuli naxati „martosuli dedofali“, romelzec mefe-dedofalTan erTad mTeli amalaa gamosaxuli. isini Woraoben, erTmaneTs epirferebian, Ralatoben da ase Semdeg. aqac, ra Tqma unda, TiToeuli personaJis roli da istoria Zalian mniSvnelovania.
ojaxis roli udidesi da ganuzomelia. imis Tqma minda, rom Cemi meuRle nadmvilad oqro da briliantia. upirveles yovlisa, es iyo moraluri mxardaWera da biZgi misi mxridan, rom mexata. meore mxriv, Zalian rTulia Tan xatva, Tan ojaxis saqmeebi. rodesac vxatav an gamofena maqvs, is modis samsaxuridan daRlili da Rame akeTebs sadils, rom dila Tavisufali mqondes, amitom me Zalian madlieri var misi, radgan yvela amas ar gaakeTebs.
- ramdenad fasdeba xelovneba Cvens qveyanaSi da rTulia Tu ara iyo xelovani saqarTveloSi? zogadad, nebismier qveyanaSi Zalian rTulia iyo xelovani. samwuxarod, saqarTveloSi ormagad rTulia. patara bazris gamo, rTulia gayidva da xalxsac ar aqvs SesaZlebloba xelovnebis nimuSebi SeiZinos. me vici bevri mxatvari, romlebsac ar aqvT SesaZlebloba funji da saRebavi SeiZinos. imdenad rTuli cxovrebaa, rom rasakvirvelia, mxatvroba da xelovnebis nebismieri dargi mowinave planze ver iqneba. ucxoeTSi piriqiT, bazari sakmaod didia, Tumca aTmagi muSaobaa saWiro imisTvis, rom Tavi daimkvidro. siduxWiresTan erTad did rols TamaSobs ganaTlebis faqtori da rRveva, romelic 90-iani wlebis Semdeg miviReT. roca gadarCenisTvis ibrZvi, SeuZlebelia xelovnebiT trfoba da tkboba mogindes.
- vin aris namdvili xelovani sofio varazisTvis? CemTvis namdvili xelovani Tavisi saqmis uzado profesionalia, kargi gemovnebiT, zomierebis grZnobiTa da rac mTavaria TavmdablobiT, radgan zedmeti ambicia yovelTvis vnebs.
- niWsa da Sromas Soris mxatvrobaSic Tanazomierebaa saWiro Tu romelime maTganis upiratesoba ufro mniSvnelovania? ra Tqma unda, am SemTxvevaSic asea. Zalian bevri Sromaa saWiro, Tavdauzogavi. isev da isev Zvel ostatebs moviyvan magaliTad, romlebic mudmivad Sromobdnen da swavlobdnen, amis gareSe verc rafaeli da verc leonardo Seqmnidnen Sedevrebs. TavisiT araferi modis, es ar aris garToba, es aris urTulesi, mZime Sroma, rodesac sxeulis TiToeuli kunTi tkivils iwyebs da Senc ifitebi, amitom garToba da profesiuli mxatvroba fundamenturad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan.
- ramdenad mniSvnelovania ganaTleba mxatvrisTvis? ganaTleba da wignebis mudmivi kiTxva aris umniSvnelovanesi elementi, imisTvis, rom Seqmna saintereso namuSevari, radgan uinteresos Seqmna Zalian martivia da nebismieri SeZlebs. CemTvis ganaTlebis gareSe xatva warmoudgenelia. wignebidan modis ideebi, inspiracia, personaJebi, ganwyoba da uamravi detali.
- ras urCevdiT im niWier axalgazrdebs, romlebic xataven, uyvarT es saqme, magram saqarTveloSi Seqmnili situacia motivaciasa da Sromis survils ukargavT? samwuxarod, am SemTxvevaSi ar SemiZlia kargi rCevis gacema, magram gulwrfelad, rom gi pasuxoT, rogorc adamianma, romelic araerTxel wasula ucxoeTSi da ucdia iq cxovreba, (avstraliaSic ki vcxovrobdi) saqarTveloSi xelovneba da mxatvroba ar fasobs, amitom warmatebisTvis sazRvargareT wasvla namdvilad saWiroa. rasakvirvelia, Tavdauzogavi Sromis gaTvaliswinebiT. vimedovneb, rom saqarTveloSic dadgeba is dro, rodesac yvela xelovani dafasdeba da Semdeg Cemi rCevac Seicvleba.
mariam kepulaZe
- garda imisa, rom Tqveni namuSevrebi msoflio masStabiT kerZo koleqciebSia daculi, aucileblad unda visaubroT Tqvens personalur gamofenebze, romlebic yovelTvis didi warmatebiT imarTeba. 15 welia rac am stilSi vxatav, manamde Sav-TeTrad vxatavdi, mere nel-nela feri Sevitane da es stilic Camoyalibda. am 15 wlis manZilze mqonda eqvsi personaluri gamofena, Tumca marto TbilisSi. CemTvis yvelaze didi moulodneloba da sixaruli iyo, rodesac xelovnebis sasaxlem SemomTavza gamofenis gakeTeba.
19
cxovrebis stilis panorama
blogi
mogzauroba sakuTari Tavis Secnobis gza
ratom gvizidavs mogzauroba? Tu Tqven mudmivad ikargebiT msoflios garSemo mogzaurobaze fiqrebSi, iSviaTad saxldebiT erTsa da imave adgilas an terfebSi mudmivad mousvenrobis SegrZneba gaqvT, savaraudod, Tqven mogzaurobis wyurvili gaxrCobT (is, rasac inglisurad Wanderlast-s uwodeben). Tumca, am wyurvilis dakmayofilebas xSir SemTxvevaSiimaze meti resursi sWirdeba, vidre realurad gvaqvs - erTi mxriv, Zviria, meore mxriv ki, cota mouxerxebelicaa, giwevs ramdenime dRiT miatovo Seni yoveldRiuri cxovreba, da Semdeg ukve am yvelafris SedegebTan gamklaveba. aSkaraa, rom mogzauroba amad Rirs, radgan yvela siZnelisa Tu mosalodneli garTulebis miuxedavad, mainc valagebT Cemodnebs da sazRvrebis gadasakveTad vemzadebiT. sainteresoa, ratom gvizidavs mogzauroba ase Zalian? am kiTxvaze pasuxi SeiZleba Cveni istoriis siRrmeebSi veZeboT. kacobriobis istoriis 99% adamianma momTabare cxovrebaSi gaatara. nadirobis, weliwadis droebis monacvleobis, religiuri ritualebisa da a.S. gamo adamians midmivad uwevda sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvla. daaxloebiT 10 000 wlis win miwaTmoqmedebas Caeyara safuZveli. miwaTmoqmedeba xangrZlivi procesia, amitom adamiani iZulebuli gaxda erT adgilas dasaxlebuliyo. Tumca, mogzaurobisa da sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlis dauokebeli survili adamianis qvecnobierS imdenad Rrmad CarCa, rom dResac ki, roca mogzauroba finansur sakiTxebTanaa dakavSirebuli, Znelia am survilTan gamklaveba. mecnierebis azriT ki, es yvelaferi imasTanaa dakavSirebuli, Tu rogoraa adamiani tvini mowyobili. erTi mxriv, is siaxles eltvis, meore mxriv ki, mowyenilobis „eSnia.“ 1989 wels amerikelma poetma ioseb brodskim darTmuzis kolejis kursdamTavrebulebs sityviT mimarTa: „ar aqvs mniSvneloba mdidari xarT Tu Raribi, gardauvalia, erTferovneba guls gatkenT. Tqven mogwyindebaT Tqveni samuSao, Tqveni megobrebi, Tqveni meuRleebi, Tqveni sayvarlebi, xedi Tqveni fanjridan, aveji da Spaleri Tqvens oTaxSi, Tqveni fiqrebi, sakuTari Tavi. Sedegad, ecdebiT mowyenilobisgan gaqcevis saSualeba i povoT... SeicvliT samuSaos, sacxovrebel adgils, qveyanas, klimats. “ brodskis azriT problema isaa, rom erTxelac gaiRviZeb da mowyenilobis zustad imavenairi SegrZneba Segawuxebs, Semdeg ki cvlilebebis cikli Tavidan daiwyeba. xandaxan adamianebs mogzaurobis wyurvili imitom uCndebaT,
rom surT imas gaeridon, rac maTTis ase Zalian kargadaa nacnobi. martivia, mogzaurobisas arc mowyenis saSualeba gaqvs da siaxleebic Tavzesayreladaa.
5 mizezi, ratomac unda vimogzauroT 1. sakuTari Tavis Secnoba mogzauroba saSualebas gaZlevs erTi nabiji gadadga sakuTari Tavis aRmoCenisaken. gexmareba Seni SesaZleblobebis maqsimumi aRmoaCino. xels uwyobs faruli niWisa da unarebis gamoyenebas. giviTardeba kritikuli da kreatiuli azrovnebis unari. 2. axali urTierTobebi mogzaurobisas Senze ucxo adamianebi zrunaven da Sen TviTonac zrunav ucxo adamianebze. Sengan moulodnelad iZen axal megobrebs, romlebic mniSvnelovan adgils ikaveben Sens cxovrebaSi. 3. xdebi ufro tolerantuli mogzaurobisas kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayeneb yvelafers, rac iqamde icodi, da iwyeb Rirebulebebis gadafasebas. 4. cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba roca mogzaurob, Seni saxlidan Sors xar da yvelafris gakeTeba Tavad giwevs. swavlob gadawyvetilebis damoukideblad miRebas da iZen marTvis unars. amasac rom tavi gavaneboT, axali urTierTobebi ukve cxvorebiseuli gamocidlebaa. 5. ganaTleba ecnobi ucxo xalxis kulturas, tradiciebs, religias, cxvorebis wess. mogzaurobisas xedav da grZnob yvelafer imas, rasac wignebSi kiTxulobdi da imasac, rasac wignebSi ver kiTxulobdi.
5 statistikuri faqti mogzaurobaze 1. bolo, 2017 wlis monacemebiT safrangeTi N1 qveyanaa turistebis raodenobiT. 2. CineTi aris qveyana, romelic yvelaze mets xarjavs mogzaurobaze. gasul wels Cinelma turistebma $257.7 miliardi daxarjers msoflios garSemo. 3. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli
20
samsaxuris bolo monacemebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos ZiriTadad 31-50 wlis adamianebi stumroben. 4. saqarTvelos yvelaze xSirad azerbaijanidan stumroben. vizitorTa 20% azerbaijanelia. 5. qarTveli turistebis 50%-is sazRvargareT vizitis mizani megobrebis/naTesavebis monaxulebaa.
10 rCeva mogzaurobisTvis 1. mizani. Tavidanve zustad gansazRvreT ra aris Tqveni mogzaurobis mizani. es dagexmarebaT, gadawyvitoT marto mogzauroba sjobs Tu megobrebTan erTad. 2. dagegmva. mogzaurobas spontanuroba ar uxdeba. Tu gsurT, Tqveni viziti sazRvargareT maqsimalurad srulyofili iyos, ramdenime TviT adre daiwyeT misi dagegmva. aq unda gaiTvaliswinoT vizitis xangrZlivoba. im RirsSesaniSnaobebis adgilmdebareoba, romlebis naxvac gsurT, ramdenadaa daSorebuli erTmaneTisgan. unda gaiTvaliswinoT, aseve, Tqveni fizikuri SesaZleblobebi, ramdenad swrafad SeZlebT siaruls, an iqneb sazogadoebrivi transporti girCevniaT da a.S. 3. bileTebi. Tu winaswarve zustad iciT mogzaurobis TariRi da xangrZlivoba, sjobs aviabileTebi ramdenime TviT adre iyidoT. ase Tanxas dazogavT. rac Seexeba muzeumebis, RirsSesaniSnaobebis bileTebs, winaswarve SeiZineT. uzarmazar rigebs aicilebT Tavidan da drosac moigebT. gadaadgleba. sazogadoebrivi 4. transportis bileTebs winaswar namdvilad ver SeiZenT, Tumca, internetis saSualebiT, SegiZliaT, gaarkvioT fasi. ase daaxloebiT mainc gecodinebaT, Tu ra Tanxa dagWirdebaT qalaqSi gadaadgilebisTvis. 5. ganTavseba. marTalia, sastumro did xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli, Tumca, Tu iseT sastumros aarCevT, romelis qalaqis centrSia araa, magram metrosadgurTana aris axlos, Tanxas namdvilad dazogavT. 6. bargi. damokidebulia vizitis xangrZlivobaze. Tu 7-10 dRiT midixarT samogzaurod, sjobs, patara Cemodani
gamoiyenoT, romelic 8-10kg bargs itevs. rukzaki an xelCanTa mTlad mosaxerxebeli varianti araa, mTeli simZimis tareba Tqven mogiwevT. patara Cemodnis SemTxvevaSi ki fizikurad naklebad daitvirTebiT da Tanac, ufelba gaqvT am zomis Cemodani TviTmfrinavSi aitanoT. kidev erTxel, aseT SemTxvevaSi droSic igebT. 7. informacia. moiZieT informacia im qveyanaze, qalaqze, sadac miemgzavrebiT. es dagexmarebaT, gansazRvroT weliwadis romel periodSia iq mogzauroba yvelaze kargi. aseve gaecnobiT maT kulturas, tradiciebs, rac gagiadvilebT maTTan urTierTobas. Tu ucxo qveyanSi ar geqnebaT saSualeba mobiluri internetiT isargebloT, winaswarve moiZeT ruka. SeiZleba sulac ar dagWirdeT, magram sifrTxiles Tavi ar stkiva. 8. stili. „fotosTvis lamazad unda mecvas,“ daiviwyeT! Tan waiReT mxolod is tansacmeli, romelSic komfortulad grZnobT Tavs. amindis prognozsa da sezons mTlad nu endobiT, ecadeT mziani amindisTvisac mzad iyoT da wvimianisTvisac. 9. kveba. es is sakiTxia, romelic mTlianad Tqvenzea damokidebuli. mxolod Tqven iciT, dReSi ramdenjer gWirdebat kveba. martivad rom vTqvaT, Cvens qveyanaSi ramdensac daxarjavdiT kvebaze, mTel dRes saxlSi rom ar misuliyaviT, sazRvargareTac daaxloebiT imdenive dagWirdebaT, qveynis Sesabamis valutaS, ra Tqma unda. magaliTad, Tu kvebisTvis dReSi saSualod gWirdebat 15 lari, sazRvagarT dagWirdebT 15 evro an dolari. Tqven xom kvebis racions ar icvliT. 10. orientireba. nu SegeSndebaT, Zalianac rom gindodeT, ver daikargebiT. yvelgan yvelafers yvelaferi aweria. bonusi 11. yvelaferi daiviwyeT, ubralod isiamovneT da datkbiT Tqveni mogzaurobiT!
megi nefariZe
cxovrebis stilis panorama
interviu
„mTis kaci” - SoTa mirianaSvili
„SoTa mirianaSvili 2014 wels alpiniadaze gavicani, gudamayarSi. maSin mec damwyebi molaSqre viyavi. Mmaxsovs, diliT, banakSi bavSvebs Tavisi xeliT usworebda karvebs. saocari adamiania, Cemze didi STabeWdileba moaxdina.“ – miyveba Tbilisis saxelmiwfo universitetis kursdamTavrebuli, ekologi rati gelaSvili. Tu Tsu-is meore korpusis pirvel sarTuls qvemoT CauyvebiT, fizikis laboratoriebis gverdiT, rigiT 138-e oTaxSi aucileblad dagxvdebaT Ggamxdari, odnav mxrebSi moxrili, TeTri wveriT, naoWebiani saxiTa da Rrma nacrisferi TvalebiT SoTa mirianaSvili - Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis naxevargamtarTa fizikis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis direqtori. 82 wlis mTamsvleli. Tsu-is giorgi nikolaZis saxelobis alpuri klubis prezidenti. sabWoTa kavSiris Cempioni traversebis klasSi. 1960-70 wlebSi saqarTvelos mTamsvlelTa nakrebis kapitani da mwvrTneli. saerTaSoriso masStabiT ramdenime aTeulze meti eqstraklasis marSrutis avtori, 100-ze meti alpiniadis xelmZRvaneli. uSba, TeTnuldi, Sxara, ailama, mazeri, janRa, wurungula, tian-Sanisa da pamiris masivi... es mis mier dalaSqruli mwvervalebis arasruli CamonaTvalia. Cveni Sexvedris dros SoTa mirianaSvili 2 kviris dabrunebuli iyo xdis xeobidan, sadac Tsuis alpurma klubma, 3600 metri simaRlis mwvervals Jiuli Sartavas saxeli mianiWa. “sofel axalsofelSi davibade” – miambobs bavSvobis Sesaxeb batoni SoTa. – “mama adre gardaicvala. Ggarkveuli periodi sofel SildaSi bebiasTan da babuasTan vizrdebodi, Semdeg qalaqSi wamovediT me da deda. Tbilisis vaJTa meeqvse skola davamTavre da bevri arc mifiqria, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, fizika-teqnikis fakultetze Cavabare.
- pirvelad rodis waxvediT mTaSi? Yyvelaferi imiT daiwyo, rom Cems biZaSvils gogi oTaraSvils, alpiniadaze yazbegSi mouwia wasvla. iqidan dabrunebuli ki mTaze saocari emociebiT saubrobda. Aaman
ise amaforiaqa mTeli weliwadi velodebodi zafxulis sezonis dadgomas da universitetis morig alpiniadas. 1953 wels pirvelad wavedi mTaSi, maSin 17 wlis viyavi. universitetis reqtori niko kecxoveli iyo. yelis tbis midamoebSi avediT da erT-erT mwvervals “Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti“ davarqviT. Semdeg mdinare Tergis saTaveebSi gadavediT. Aam eqspediciis dros niko kecxovelTan Zalian axlo urTierToba Camomiyalibda. Ppirvelad jgufis xelmZRvaneloba mwverval ”Stavlerze” asvlis dros momiwia, maxsovs nisli iyo, vicodi am gzidan cnobili qarTveli mTamsvleli alioSa jafariZe samjer mobrunda, Zalian vnerviulobdi, magram mainc mSvidobiT aviyvane gundi mwvervalze. swored am periodSi alpiniadebis dros gavicani mTis bevri Cemi mewyvile da SemdegSi megobari. Aaq iyo guram TikanaZe- araCveulebrivi adamiani da xelovani. 1963 wels Sxaradan mis CamosvenebaSi viRebdi monawileobas. guram rCeuliSvilic Cemi axlobeli iyo. Cven erTad avediT donRuz-orunze, rogorc Semdeg aRmovaCine, mis novelaSi “ asvla” erT-erTi personaJis prototi pi me var. Tumca am eqspediciaSi Cemi da guramis aRqma diametrulad gansxvavebulia da erTsa da imave movlenebsa da faqtebs sxvagvar Sefasebas vaZlevT”.
marSrutebis gakvalvaze viyaviT orientirebuli, ase avediT “calgmirze”. mwverval mazeris dasavleT wverze aravin iyo namyofi, roca me da irakli baqraZem aqedan daSveba gadavwyviteT. dagvaRamda. vifiqreT e.w gliseriT- Tovlze dacurebiT davSvebuliyaviT. 3900 metrze varT. momeCvena rom kldeebi iwyeba. werayin iT Tovli gavsinjeT, saeWvo araferi etyoboda. Turme werayini gviambeT yvelaze rTuli napralebSi moxvda da sinamdvilemarSrutebis Sesaxeb. Si kldeze varT, romelzec mxolod 10 santimetriani Tovlia. Ddavcur1979 wels pamirSi 6800-metrian di, werayini gamivarda da iraklic mwvervalze avdiodiT. Zalian rTu- movwyvite. Ggons, rom movedi isev li aRmoCnda, bevri viwvaleT, magram mivsrialebdi yinulis kuluarmainc avediT. daSvebis dros 45-me- Si, romelic uzarmazari lodiT trian yinulis vertikalze mogvi- iyo Caketili. SemTxveviT gaCerewia gaCereba. Ppaloebs vxsnidiT, ba movaxerxe da nazvaveb TovlSi roca moulodnelad gundis erT- Cavvardi. iraklisac igive daemarerT wevrs guli wauvida da sami Ta. ver vijerebdiT, rom gadavrkaci erTad movwydiT. saswaulia, CiT. mivxvdiT, rom 150 metrSi tyis rom gadavrCiT, Tovlis namqerSi zoli iwyeboda, aRmoCnda, rom 2 kiCavcvivdiT da aman gadagvarCina. lometris sigrZeze, vertikalurad, mZimed maxsendeba 1959 wels tian- Tovlze “vifrineT” , saswauli iyo. Sanze gasvla. Ggamarjvebis pikis samocamde qarTvelia mTebSi daRudalaSqvra gadavwyviteT. Aaxali puli. winaswar arasdros ici ra gzac movamzadeT, magram im peri- moxdeba. 1980 wels , mwverval “raodSi mTaze Sua aziis samxedro siaze” 4 kaciani eqspedicia adioda, olqis nakrebi imyofeboda, avaria me meore mwvervalidan vakvirdeboSeemTxvaT da maT dasaxmareblad di maT gadaadgilebas, meore Rames wavediT, maSin 3 adamiani daiRupa. isini sabanakeze veRar SevamCnie. mTaSi ZiriTadad axali saswrafod ukan davbrundiT, magram marSrutis ZirSi samive daRupuli dagvxvda. G gundis meoTxe wevris sxeulic ver i poves. dRemde Abevri ram dardad mawevs da aris raRacebi, rac ver mipatiebia Cemi TavisTvis.
- 65 welia mTaSi xarT. ra aris yvelaze rTuli alpinizmSi? -realurad alpinizmi bunebasTan paeqrobaa. sportis sxva saxeobebisgan gansxvavebiT buneba Secdomebs ar gpatiobs. Zalian kargad unda icnobde rogorc sakuTar Tavs, ise Sens mewyviles, romelic mTaSi gverdiT gidgas. SeiZleba zogjer
wasvla mogiwios iseT kompromisze, romelsac sxva dros ver gabedavdi. mTeli cxovreba WeSmarit alpinistad mainc is mTamsvleli mimaCnia, romelmac sakuTari bilikebi datova mwvervalebze da romelsac sxvebis gakvaluli gzebiT ar uvlia.
- ras niSnavs TqvenTvis Tsu-is alpuri klubi? qarTvel mTamsvlelTa Taobis 75% Tsu-is alpur klubSia gazrdili. weliwadSi 4 alpiniadas vatarebT. mTeli am wlebis manZilze oci aTasze meti studenti waviyvane mTaSi, rac Cemi cxovrebis mTavar miRwevad mimaCnia. mwvervalis Semdeg, bevrs barSic Sevxvedrivar da xSirad uTqvamT, rom mwvervalze asvlis emocia yvelaze Zlieri emocia iyo maT cxovrebaSi, roca sakuTar samSoblos mTis wveridan uyurebdnen. am gziT adamians Tavisi qveyana sxvanairad uyvardeba. mTeli gza mwvervalamde fsiqologiurad gcvlis da axal niSans gapovninebs sakuTar TavSi”. Sexvedris dasasruls batoni SoTas megobrebi da fizikosebi SemogvierTdnen. miTxres, rom yvelaferTan erTad SoTa mirinaSvili araCveulebrivi leqtori, mecnieri da fotograficaa. samuSao magidis gverdiT mTis salaSqro CanTebi ewyo, kedelze rkinis karabinebi da paloebi daemagrebina, fizikis naSromebisa da wignebis gverdiT mTeli kedeli eqspediciebis fotoebiT iyo dafaruli. damSvidobebamde, sanam kiTxvas davusvamdi, miTxra, rom bevri gegma aqvs. Ddid qarTvel mTamsvlels alioSa jafariZesa da giorgi nikolaZes Tavisi saxelobis mwvervalebi ar aqvT da am saqmes unda mivxedoo. vicodi , rom SoTa mirianaSvils arasdros ufiqria mwvervalebis mitovebaze da male isev wava mTaSi.
Tamar CxikvaZe
21
cxovrebis stilis panorama
moda, rogorc saqarTvelos elCi msoflioSi arc Tu mcirea im sferoTa ricxvi, romelSic warmatebuli qarTvelebi moRvaweoben. Tumca albaT, cota Cvengans warmoedgina, rom mTel msoflios saqarTvelos istorias moda gaacnobda. "me TiTqos Cems cxovrebas Cavacvi. es koleqcia saqarTvelos mivuZRveni. qveyanas, romelSic 1990-ian wlebSi me da Cemi Zma gurami erTad gavizardeT da oms, romelic Cveni iq cxovrebis dros moxda.“ - ase Seafasa „Vetements”-is damfuZnebelma demna gvasaliam parizis modis kvireulze gamarTuli gazafxuli-zafxulis Cveneba. msoflios modis samyaros epicentri qarTvelma dizainerma sakuTari istoriis mosayolad gamoiyena. amiT kidev erTxel daumtkica sazogadoebas, rom moda misTvis ara mxolod xelovneba, aramed Sinagani protestisa da mosazrebebis gamosaxati platformaa. Cveneba, romlis yvela detali yveboda saqarTvelos uaxles itorias, qarTveli modelebis moawileobiT warimarTa. koleqcia qarTuli enis popularizaciasac emsaxureboda, radgan TiToeuli tansacmeli gaformebuli iyo Semdegi qarTuli warwerebiT: "saqarTvelo", "ufalo Segviwyalen", "tansacmeli". gvasalia aseve gamoexmaura 12 maiss klubebSi Catarebul specoparacias da erT-erTi maisuri warweriT: „We dance together, we fight together.” (Cven vcekvavT da vibrZviT erTad) gaaforma. droSa, simbolika, qarTuli warwerebi da paTosi ar gaxda sakmarisi saqarTvelos istoriis siRrmiseulad mosayolad. amitom „Vetements”-ma aplikaciac Seqmna,sadac tansacmelze ganTavsebuli kodebis daskanerebis Semdeg, viki pedias momxmarebeli Sesabamis gverdze gadahyavs. amiT momxmarebels SesaZlebloba eqneba gaecnos afxazeTis omsa da qarTvelTa genocidis istorias. demna gvasalias „Vetements”-isTvis Seqmnil Cvenebebs Tu gadavxedavT, mivxvdebiT, rom aRniSnuli koleqcia ar aris erTaderTi, romelic qarTuli motivebiT aris gajerebuli. gvasaliam
blogi
qmna. demna gvasalias Semoqmedebas, albaT yvelaze kargad gamoxatavs fraza „yvelaferi martivi genialuria,“ radgan swored martivi pragmatizmiTa da realobasTan yvelaze meti siaxloviT, kreativiTa da bunebriobiT SeZlo dizainerma msoflioSi erT-erTi yvelaze gayidvadi brendis Seqmna. aSkaraa, amxela warmateba martivi mosapovebeli ar iqneboda da sainteresoa, dizaineris biografiasac gadavxedoT. demna gvasalia daibada saqarTveloSi 1981 wels, sadac man gaatara cxovrebis 17 weli. axalgazrdobam ssrk-s samxedro konfliqtis dros gaiara. dizaineris interviuebidan vigebT, rom mas ojaxTan erTad omis dros afxazeTidan wamosvla mouwia. gzaSi iZulebuli gaxdnen iaraRi („kalaSnikovi“) gaeyidaT, raTa demnas bebiasTvis transportirebisTvis cxeni eyidaT. rogorc dizaineri ambobs, swored bebiamisi iyo yovelTvis misi STagonebis mTavari wyaro. msgavsi rTuli pirobebis miuxedavad, demnam SeZlo Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis dasruleba. mozardobis asakSi igi iZulebuli iyo xSirad Seecvala sacxovrebeli garemo mamamisis samuSaos gamo. sabolood aRmoCnda londonSi, Semdeg ki- germaniaSi. Tavisi stilis sapovnelad demnas
mariam Ciqovani
londoni – mogzauroba msoflios dedaqalaqSi
patara aguris saxlebi, wiTeli avtobusebi, gamwvanebuli parkebi, vestminsteris saabato, big beni da tradiciuli samefos tradiciuli dedaqalaqi Tavisi dedofliTa da samefo ojaxiT – albaT, swored ase davaxasiaTebdi didi britaneTis dedaqalaq londons. qalaqs, romelsac namdvilad SegviZlia vuwodoT msoflios dedaqalaqi. im wamidan rogorc ki Rrublebs miRma big bensa da mis gars Semortymul didi istoriis matarebel patara agurisferi saxlebiT gaSenebul qalaqs mohkravT Tvals, maSinve mixvdebiT, rom londonSi stumroba imedgacruebuls ar dagtovebT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, piradad me, rodesac TviTmfrinavis patara fanjridan zemoaRniSnul xeds movkari Tvali, pirveli swored es gavifiqre. erTi SexedvisTanave igrZnoba, rom es qalaqi tradiciebis mcveli da siZvelis moyvarulia, magram es sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom es siZvele TanamedroveobasTan ar aris
22
modis sferoSi Tavi originalurobiTa da pragmatizmiT daimkvidra. mis koleqciebSi xSirad vxvdebiT saqarTvelos uaxlesi warsulis gamoZaxils. “Vetements” 2009 wels Seqmnes Zmebma guram da demna gvasaliebma. maTi brendis pirvelma Cvenebamac ki Zalian didi gamoxmaureba moi pova, radgan maT moda sruliad inovaciur stilze gadaiyvanes da moduri kabebi „hudebiT“ Caanacvles. “Cven nulidan daviwyeT axali brendis Seqmna da misi adaptireba ver moxerxdeboda im industriis wesebTan, romlebic saukunes iTvlis”- ganacxada qarTvelma dizainerma da modis saukunovani wesebi axal safexurze gadaiyvana. ra Tqma unda, „Vetements”-is inovacias parizSi „warbebaweuli“ Sexvdnen, Tumca gayidvebma da brendis aqtualobam daamtkica, rom politikam gaamarTla. bolo 3 kvartlis monacemebiT, “Vetements” msoflioSi yvelaze gayidvadi brendebis sameulSi Sevida. aRsaniSnavi faqtia isic, rom am sameulSi pirvel adgils ikavebs “Balenciaga,“ romlis SemoqmedebiTi direqtoric aseve demna gvasalia gaxlavT. “Balenciaga”-ze did xans ar SevCerdebi, ubralod vityvi imas, rom brendis arsebobis 99 wlis ganmavlobaSi pirveli koleqcia mamakacebisaTvis qarTvelma dizainerma Se-
sakmao dro dasWirda. bolos, ki individualuroba i pova da Semdeg frazaSi gamoxata „ar vfiqrob ,rom eleganturoba relevanturia. naxeT, ra xdeba holivudSi, yvelgan, Cvens irgvliv. Cven gvWirdeba gamWvirvaloba“. swored am gamWvirvalobis saSualebiT yvelaze kargad dainaxa bazarze arsebuli moTxovna da mixvda, rom mTavaria adamianebma Tavi komfortulad igrZnon brendul tanisamosSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom “Vetements” mTeli Tavisi koncefciiT eqperimentia. saintereso isaa, rom modis samyaros xSirad sCvevia eqperimentebi, romlebic yovelTvis droebiTi popularobiT sargeblobs. “Vetements” ki ukve me-9 welia ar kargavs aqtualobas da yoveli koleqcia ufro da ufro rezonansulia. kreatiulobisa da realobasTan siaxlovis erT-erT magaliTad “Vetements”-is saaxalwlo vitrina minda moviyvano. gavlenianma brendma momxmareblebs windebiT awyobili naZvis xiT miuloca axali weli. xis qveS ki aseTi fraza miawera: “momdevno weli, mxiarulebiT, sixaruliTa da mSvidobiT savse yofiliyos”. inovaciurobisa da SemoqmedebiTobis wyalobiT, 2016 wels gamocemam “Bussiness of Fashion”Bdemna gvasalia wlis personad aRiara. 2016 wlis dajildovebaze qarTvelma dizainerma wlis mza tansacmlis saerTaSoriso dizaineris jildo aiRo, xolo “Vetements” gaxda wlis saerTaSoriso qalaquri luqs klasis brendi. 37 wlis qarTveli dizaineri erTaderTia postsabWoTa, sivrcidan romelic am prizis mflobeli gaxda. aRsaniSnavia, rom is modis industriaSi yvelaze maRali donis jildod iTvleba. mas modis oskarsac uwodeben da umetesad legendad qceul dizainerebs gadascemen.
harmoniulad Serwymuli. piriqiT, vfiqrob, siZvelisa da Tanamedroveobis sinTezi kidev ufro mimzidvelsa da sainteresos xdis turistebis stumrobas londonSi. didi britaneTis dedaqalaqSi Cemi stumroba swored big benis monaxulebiT daiwyo, rac, albaT, ar aris gasakviri, radgan yvelas surs sakulto saaTis koSkis fonze fotosuraTis gadaReba. magram, samwuxarod, imedebi unda gagicruoT, radgan amJamad big beni restavrirebis gamo TiTqmis mTlianad dafarulia rkinis konstruqciiT. amis miuxedavad, es faqtoric ar ukargavs xibls londonis istoriul adgils. ramdenime nabijis gadadgmaa saWiro da moulodnelad bukingemis sasaxlesTan aRmoCndebiT, sadac cxadia, turistebis gansakuTrebiT Warbi raodenoba iyris Tavs. xolo Tu CemsaviT gagimarTlebT, Tvals mohkravT cxenze amxedrebul mamakacebsa da qalebs, romlebic TiTqos Tqven Tvalwin gaacocxleben ingli-
sis tradiciebs. trafalgarze moxvedrisas ar SeiZleba uyuradRebod datovoT ganumeorebeli galereebi, romelTa monaxulebac, qalaqis siZviris miuxedavad, sruliad ufasoa. ra SeiZleba iyos imaze ukeTesi rodesac sakuTari TvaliT naxavT van gogis mzesumzirebs? swored amitom xelovnebis moyvarulTaTvis gansakuTrebiT sasiamovno iqneba iseTi cnobili galereebis monaxuleba, rogorebicaa: „TeiT briTain,“ „briTiS muzeum“, „neSional galeri“ da viqtoriasa da albertis muzeumi. amas garda, aucileblad girCevdiT gaseirnebas londonis Tvalwarmtac parkebSi, sadac ubralod mindorze wamowola da fiqric ki udidesi siamovnebis momniWebelia. parkebs Soris gamovyofdi yvelaze STambeWdav haid-parks, kensington gardensa da holand parks. swored aq seirnobisas mixvdebiT, Tu ramdenad gamwvanebuli da cocxalia es qalaqi. aRvniSnavdi imasac, rom londonSi gadaadgilebis saukeTeso saSualeba metroa. imis miuxedavad, rom wiTeli avtobusis meore sarTulze mokalaTeba da qalaqis daTvaliereba erTi didi siamovnebaa, metro mainc gacilebiT ufro swrafi da komfortulia. Cemze metroTi mgzavrobamac ki didi STabeWdileba moaxdina, radgan xalxis simravle da mravalferovneba gansakuTrebiT kargad aq igrZnoba. miTumetes maSin, roca vagonidan vagonSi uamravi gansxvavebuli adamiani iyris Tavs. axla ki miwis qveSeTidan cota ufro maRla gadavinacvloT, radgan Tu londonis xedisa da misi silamazis kargad danaxva gsurT aucileblad unda estumroT „sqai gardens“– s. maRali Senobis bolo sarTul-
ze ulamazesi xedi iSleba Tqvens Tvalwin da TiTqos xelis gulze eteva uamravi RirsSesaniSnaobiT savse es istoriuli qalaqi. dRis bolos emociebisgan daRlils, albaT, survili gagiCndebaT estumroT londonis restornebs an kafe-barebs. arCevani, cxadia, Zalian didia. swrafi kvebis obieqtebidan dawyebuli, quCaSi grZel rigad Cawyobili sxvadasxva qveynis tradiciuli kerZebiT damTavrebuli, aq yvelafers SexvdebiT. Tu tradiciuli inglisuri samzareulos dagemovneba mogindebaT, damerwmuneT, rom unda gasinjoT cnobili „fiS end Cifs“ – Tevzi kartofili friTa da bostneuliT. aucileblad calke sakiTxad unda gamovyoT Sopingi, radgan Sopingis TayvanismcemelTaTvis londoni erT-erTi saukeTeso adgilia. marTlac, rodesac oqsfordis usasrulo quCas CauyvebiT, imdeni savaWro maRazia mogWriT Tvals, rom Zneli iqneba cdunebas gauZloT da erTi-ori suveniri mainc ar gaayoloT xels. mokled rom SevajamoT, didi britaneTis dedaqalaq londonis monaxuleba namdvilad Rirs, radgan aq, rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, imedgacruebuli aravin darCeba. aseve piradi gamocdilebidan getyviT imasac, rom ar daujeroT miTs, rom londoni mudam nisliani da wvimiani qalaqia. londoni aris qalaqi, romelSic cxovrebis aqtiuri ritmi dRe da Ram igrZnoba, qalaqis yoveli kuTxe da mosaxvevi erTnairad sainteresoa, RirsSesaniSnaobebis monaxuleba ki waruSlel kvals tovebs adamianis cnobierebaSi.
qeTevan WeiSvili
sportis panorama
interviu
TaTia lorTqifaniZe: qarTul realobaSi stereoti pi davamsxvrie metis gakeTeba, ubralod, mwvrTnelebma Tavis Sekaveba mirCies, raTa travma ar mimeRo da rasac mivaRwie imiTac davkmayofilebuliyavi. Tumca, aRvniSnav, rom B jgufSi kargad viaspareze da lideric viyavi. bevr Zlier metoqes vajobe da es Sedegi sakmarisi iyo, saprizo medlis asaRebad, rac CemTvis Zalian sasixaruloa.
wels gamarTul Zalosnobis evropis Cempionatze, 24 wlis qarTvelma Zalosanma TaTia lorTqifaniZem, atacSi, brinjaos medali moi pova. orWidis jamSi ki, lorTqifaniZe meoTxe adgilze gavida da mcire daaklda saerTo CaTvlaSic aeRo medali. ZalosnobiT dainteresabaze, gamarjvebebsa da miznebze, axalgazrda sportsmens davukavSirdiT da masTan interviu CavwereT.
- ramdenad gaqvT olimpiadaze gasvlis Sansi?
- rodis dainteresdiT ZalosnobiT? Tavdapirvelad, wyalSi mxtomeli viyavi, magram travma miviRe da mivxvdi, rom am sports veRar gavagrZelebdi. Semdeg gadavedi farikaobaze, romelic Zalian did Zalas moiTxovda. erT-erT varjiSs Zalosnobis mwvrTneli, gela maxaraSvili eswreboda da man CemSi Stangis awevis potenciali dainaxa, radgan fizikuri monacemebi xels miwyobda. SemomTavaza, ZalosnobaSic mecada bedi. mivatove farikaoba da ukve mexuTe welia, rac ZalosnobiT vcxovrob.
- Tavidanve gaTvicnobierebuli gqondaT mosalodneli travmebi, rac SeiZleboda simZimis awevas moeyenebina? didi sporti ar arsebobs travmis gareSe. sasurvel gamarjvebamde rom mixvide, etapobrivad, garkveuli barieri unda gadalaxo. travma, erTi mxriv, aZlierebs kidec. amitom, ar SevuSindi mosalodnel travmebs da axla im sportSi var sadac unda viyo.
deda rTulad Sexvda am ambavs. megobrebic meubnebodnen, rom es sporti gogos saqme ar iyo. maSin vTqvi, rom davamsxvrevdi stereoti ps qarTul realobaSi da asec moviqeci. me axla qarTveli Zalosani qali var.
- sazogadoebas ra damokidebuleba aqvs Tqven mimarT? rac ar unda gasakviri iyos, sazogadoeba kargad Sexvda Cems gadawyvetilebas. moswonT, rom amxela SemarTeba da nebisyofa maqvs. gansakuTrebiT moswonT, Cemi saqmisadmi damokidebuleba da Sromisunarianoba. amitom, maTgan siyvaruls da mxardaWeras vgrZnob.
- rogor Sexvdnen Tqvens gadawyvetilebas ojaxis wevrebi, megobrebi?
- evropis Cempionatze orWidis jamSi, meoTxe adgili daikaveT, magram atacSi brinajos medali mainc aiReT... meti SegeZloT?
Cemi gadawyvetileba, pirvelad, mamas gavacani, radgan gansakuTrebiT misi azri mainteresebda am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. mamam mxari damiWira da miTxra, rom me ukeT vicodi, ra msurda sakuTari TavisTvis, magram
ar movelodi im Sedegs, rac evropis Cempionatze davafiqsire da amitom, ufro da ufro mets vivarjiSeb, ukeTesi Sedegis misaRwevad. vfiqrob, SemeZlo
ratom ar ainteresebs kerZo seqtors saqarTveloSi fexburTi?
1980-ian wlebSi ambobdnen: „fexburTs TamaSobs yvela, magram imarjveben germanelebi.“ bolo wlebia fexburTis gulSematkivrebi germanelebis aSkara upiratesobaze saubroben. TiTqos calsaxaa maTi warmatebis gasaRebi, magram mis kopirebas veravin axerxebs. germaniis safexburTo nakrebi ar aris konkretul liderze awyobili sistema, aramed gunduri erTobaa, sadac koleqtiuri gunduroba upirobo liderobas ganapirobebs. saqarTvelos erovnul nakrebSi ki ukve meramdene mwvrTneli gamovicvaleT da am gundurobas ver mivaRwieT. saqarTvelos yovelTvis hyavda da hyavs individualurad Zalian teqnikuri fexburTelebi, magram mxolod individualurobis xarjze warmatebis miRweva Zalian rTulia. amjerad Tavs avarideb liderobas, metoqis susti da Zlieri mxareebis analizs, fortunas da germanuli adgilobrivi safexburTo sistemis kulturaze SevCerdebi. is rac realurad ganapirobebs mis konkretul upiratesobas. dResdReobiT, inglisuri premierliga dominantia. magram Tu SevadarebT bolo wlebis premierligisa da bundesligis finansur nakadebs, vnaxavT, rom erTaderTi raSic inglisuri
fexburTi uswrebs germanuls aris teletranslaciebidan miRebuli fuladi Semosavlebi. sxva SemTxvevaSi germania ufro myarad pozicionirebs adgilobrivi safexburTo klubebis da Sesabamisad fexburTis Camoyalibebasa da ganviTarebaSi. mniSvnelovania, aRvniSnoT, rom saxelmwifo qmnis gamWvirvale, biznesisTvis xesayrel garemos. magaliTad, gundebis logoebi ar iyideba, rac interesTa konfliqtis Tavidan acilebis kargi saSualebaa. saxelmwifos mxridan adekvaturi platformis Seqmna xels uwyobs sponserebisa da gundebis grZelvadian TanamSromlobas, Sesabamisad stabilur Semosavalsa da myar konkurentul upiratesobas. qarTuli safexburTo klubebis did nawils ki stadionebisa da zogadad, dafinansebis seriozuli problema aqvs, ris gamoc gundebs matCebis Catareba neitralur moedanze uwevT da zogi klubi fexburTels xelfassac ki ver uxdis. TbilisTan SedarebiT, regionebSi sakmaod bevri gulSematkivari dadis stadionze sayvareli gundis sagulSematkivrod da savse stadionis xilva namdvilad sasiamovnoa, rogorc gulSematkivrisTvis, aseve fexburTelebisTvis. Tumca, rogor moiqces
guSematkivari, Tu misi qalaqis gundi saSinao Sexvedrebs sxva qalaqSi atarebs? erT-erTi klubi, romelsac msgavsi problema aqvs „xaSuris iveriaa“, amJamad xaSurelebi saqarTvelos meore ligaSi gamodian da saSinao Sexvedrebis Catareba borjomis jemal zeinkliSvilis saxelobis stadionze uwevT. 2012 wels sportisa da axalazrdobis saqmeTa yofilma ministrma levan yifianma ganacxada, rom klubebis dasafinasneblad saministros Tanxa ar aqvs gamoyofili da am problemis mogvareba adgilobrivi munici palitetis movaleobaSi Sedis. es yvelaferi gasagebia da saxelmwifo arc aris valdebuli klubebi daafinansos, magram rom aviRoT germanuli, Turquli an Tundac azerbaijanuli modeli, iq keTdeba erovnuli safexburTo Cempionatebis SefuTva (teletranslireba,reklama da a.S.) mniSvnelovania, rom biznesseqtori ufro aqtiurad unda CaerTos fexburTis ganviTarebaSi da SeiZinon klubebi, magram ar aris elementaruli infrastruqtura da cxadia, biznesmens ar uCndeba interesi. nebismieri sportis saxeobis da maT Soris fexburTis ganviTarebac mcire asakidan unda daiwyos, anu unda Seiqmnas safexburTo akademiebi bavSvebisTvis, dRes ki saqarTveloSi mxolod erTi safexburTo bazaa, romelsac Sesabamisi infrasruqtura aqvs. dro midis, qarTul fexburTSi arsebuli problemebi ki mougvareblad rCeba. vin icis, iqneb, erT mSvenier dRes saqarTveloSi fexburTis donem aiwios, yvela gunds stadioni, infrastruqtura da saarsebod sakmarisi Tanxa gaaCndes?! rogorc ambobeben, imedi bolos kvdeba, Tumca, iqneb, ukve dadga es bolo?!
rogorc viciT, olimpiada tokioSi 2020 wels tardeba. marTalia, iqamde didi droa da sruliad SesaZlebelia warmatebis miRwevac. Zalian didi survili maqvs Cemi qveynis saxeliT olimpiadaze viasparezo da amisTvis Tavs ar davzogav.
- Tqveni azriT ra problemebia dRes qarTul ZalosnobaSi da rogor SeiZleba amis gamosworeba ? iqidan daviwyeb, rom sportsmens, miT umetes, perspeqtiuls, Zalian sWirdeba xelSewyoba. ZalosnobisTvis ufro meti Tanxa rom iyos gamoyofili, Zalian kargi iqneboda... aseve, erT-erTi mniSvnelovani problema isaa, rom Sekrebebis periodSi, ar aris vitaminizacia, rac Zalian mniSvnelovania sportSi CarTuli adamianebisTvis. Tu es problemebi gamoswordeba, Sesabamisad, Cveni sportmenebis Sedegic ufro saxarbielo iqneba.
- rogoria Tqveni samomavlo gegmebi ? mizani, upirveles yovlisa, momavali wlis evropis Cempionatze warmatebiT gamosvlaa. minda, rom kargad movemzado da minimum medlisTvis vibrZolo.
morigi rekordebi da oqros medali laSa talaxaZis SesrulebiT
aSxabadSi mimdinare Zalosnobis msoflio Cempionati CvenTvis warmatebulad dasrulda. +109 kg woniT kategoriaSi laSa talaxaZem, kvlav, gvasaxela. Cveneburma rekordebi daamyara da oqros medalic miisakuTra. masTan erTad nakrebis kapitani, irakli TurmaniZec monawileobda, vinc samwuxarod, asparezoba travmis gamo ver daasrula. atacSi rekordi 210 kg iyo. laSam misi gaumjobeseba meore cdiT SeZlo. Tavidan man 207 kg daZlia, Semdeg 212, xolo mesame mosvlaze sakuTari rekordi gaaumjobesa - 217 kg. Sesabamisad, qarTvelma Zalosanma pirveli mcire oqros medali moi pova. urigod, arc kapitanma iaspareza, vinc 195, 200 da 203 kg
awia, riTac mesame adgili daikava da mcire brinjaos medali miisakuTra. akvraSi sarekordo 252 kg gaxldaT. amjeradac, talaxaZem rekordi meore cdiT daamyara. jer man 245 awia, rasac 252 moayola da 257-is aweviT sakuTari rekordi gaaumjobesa. samwuxarod, TurmaniZem travmis gamo akvraSi monawileoba ver miiRo. saerTo jamSi msoflio rekordi 453 kg iyo, romelic laSa talaxaZem uproblemod daamyara - 474 kg. sabolood, Cveneburi oqros medals daeufla. meore adgilze somexi gor minasiani gavida 450 kg, xolo mesame adgili uzbekma, rustam diangabaevma daikava - 447 kg.
gverdi moamzada tato nikuraZem
23
fotoreportaJi
Taflis festivali TbilisSi saqarTevlos erovnul botanikur baRSi 1 noembers pirvelad gaimarTa Tbilisis Taflis festivali. festivalze warmodgenili iyo saqaraTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi arsebuli unikaluro Taflovani mcenareebisgan miRebuli futkris produqtebi: Tafli, futkris rZe, yvavilis mtveri, cvili, dindgeli da Weo.
garda Taflisa festivalis stumrebs saSualeba hqondaT daegemovnebinaT qarTuli Rvino, CurCxela, Cai, yveli da tkbileuloba. festivalis organizatori iyo saqarTvelos mefutkre fermerTa asociacia. proeqtis mxardamWerebi ki iyvnen: Tbilisis meria,samoqalaqo ganviTarebis saagento da eqsportis ganviTarebis asociacia.
megi nefariZe
redaqcia mTavari redaqtori mariam talaxaZe nomris redaqtori akaki alagardaSvili teqnikuri redaqtori ekaterine janiaSvili damkabadoneblebi dea RirdalaZe magda cercvaZe misamarTi: ilia WavWavaZis gamz.8
24
Jurnalistebi ana msxalaZe nina oTaraSvili ana melaSvili salome papava salome CikvilaZe Tamar oniani naTia giorgaZe nata beruaSvili lana Caduneli maria bedoSvili elene lacabiZe elene gogolaZe magda cercvaZe mariam kepulaZe xatia vardia mariam Ciqovani qeTevan WeiSvili axali ambebis Jurnalisti merab papaSvili
telefoni: +995 571 092 944
fotokorespondenti megi nefariZe stilist-koreqtorebi gvanca CxikvaZe Tamar CxikvaZe uCa papiaSvili elene lacabiZe xelmZRvaneli asocirebuli profesori maia toraZe
el.fosta
panoramatsu@gmail.com