PATHWAYS OF MEMORY Design supporting relationships between heritage, territory and landscape
DIPLOMA | BJARTE STAV Tutor | Marianne Skjulhaug
Pathways of Memory are stretches of road where heritage and landscape come together to tell the story of a land and its people. Marked by places where architectural design is the starting point for the discovery of the identity and memory of Portugal.
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
pathway of minho | 106 km pathway of gerﾃｪs | 160 km pathway of superior douro | 163 km pathway of hidden douro | 110 km
pathway of high places | 214 km pathway of costa centro | 166 km itinerﾃ｢ncia da beira | 160 km
FINISTERRAS | coast line VALES | valleys
RAIA | boundary SERRAS | mountain chains
pathway of ribatejo | 170 km
pathway of costa de lisboa | 56 km
pathway of costa vicentina | 210 km
pathway of arrﾃ｡bida | 106 km
pathway of guadiana | 200 km
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
“
In its soft and fertile flatland, in the melody of its rattles and harmony of its colour, Ribatejo is a scream of happiness unrestrained in the body of the nation. Miguel Torga, 1950, Portugal.
PATHWAY OF RIBATEJO
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
1 | SANTARÈM
2 | ALVIELA AQUEDUCT
3 | QUINTA DO ALVIELA
4 | CASA-ESTÚDIO
5 | PONTE DA CHAMUSCA
6 | AVIERA DO PATACÃO
7 | CASA DOS PATUDOS
8 | ESCAROUPIM
9 | ERMIDA DE SÃO JOSÉ
10 | PONTA DA ERVA
11 | QUINTAS
12 | PALÁCIO DAS OBRAS NOVAS
4 2
5
3 6
1
12 11
7
8
9 10
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
“
Ribatejo
is
our
rural
area, where we make tomatoes and corn. It’s
“
We
focus
agricultures, few
on
the
there
are
industries.
There
“
Ribatejo is an agricultural area with good fields. Melons,
watermelons,
the wineyards, and it’s
was some constructions,
corn,
the melons. As long as
but now it’s gone. When
Avieiros,
we have work we live fine.
we had building, it was
houses of the fishermen.
Fernandes da Rama
better.
José Júlio Farropo
wine.
We
those
“
I don`t have anything more to add. I think they said it all.
have small
Humberto Salvador
Gabriel Sabino
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
PATHWAY RIBATEJO | This pathway aims to trace stories of people and buildings that once played a part of Ribatejo life – from the poor fishermen fighting for the daily bread to the Portuguese kings that frequently escaped Lisbon to seek the quietness of Tejo. The river was an essential waterway until railways, bridges and dams changed the landscape and rhythm of this land that is famous for its bulls and horses.
THE ATLANTIC OCEAN
1. PATACÃO | tracing the story of the Avieiros, fishermen that inhabited the margins of the river, living in boats and stilt houses. To Porto
2. ERMIDA DE SÃO JOSÉ – 1 To Lisboa
exploring the landmark on the flat fields of Lezíria. The elevated building
that
safeguarded
the
farmers. 4
To Algarve
3. PONTA DA ERVA | capturing the sensation of being on the “tip of
2 3
the grass”, a contradictory place – somehow in the “middle” of Lisbon Metropolitan Area, at the same time in the middle of nowhere.
LISBOA
4. PALÁÇIO DAS OBRAS NOVAS | bring to light a building that was beautifully inhabited by nature as the waterways were replaced by railroads and highways.
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
PATACÃO TIMELINE PREDECESSORS 1850 – The earliest movements from Praia de Vieira to the rivers of Tejo and Sado. The first migrations were seasonal. They went in the winter, when the Atlantic was though and difficult to fish in, and returned to the sea in the spring. 1ST GENERATION 1910 – Migrated permanently from Praia de Vieira to start a new life in Tejo. Established themselves at the margins of the river. Lived from fishing shad. 2ND GENERATION 1935 – Born and grew up in the boats and temporary buildings, built houses after marriage. The houses would include two bedrooms, however, the parents often continued to sleep in the boats. 3RD GENERATION 1960 – Lived in the houses, that were upgraded, including fireplace, social space and work space. This generation would go to school breaking the line of illiteracy. They would also experience the decline of the village, as the shad disappeared from the river. They went to the fields, saving to buy their own land. They also rented out their houses during the summer holidays. Moved out during the 1980s. 4TH GENERATION 1985 – Born in Alpiarça or other nearby villages where their parents settled. Thus only connected to Patacão through their parents. Are studying or working with agriculture, commerce or other occupations.
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
Praia de Vieira de Leiria
A
SPAIN
Rio Maior
Tejo
Patacão
B
SANTARÈM
Patacão
LISBOA
RIBATEJO
LEGEND
Vila Franca de Xira
existing villages destroyed villages
ALGARVE LISBOA
Setúbal
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
Patacão in
of
the
is
located
municipality
Alpiarça,
and
represents the case study and focal point of
these
diploma
investigatons. PRAIA DO PATACÃO Patacão Group of 4 houses
Tejo river ALPIARÇA
llll l llll llll llll llll l
ll llll
lll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll
l llll
l lllll
l lllll
l l ll
lllllll lllllllll lllllll llllll lllll llll
lllll llllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllll
l lllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllll
llllllllllll
lllllllll
lllllll
ll lllll llllll llllll
l lllll
lll lllll lllll
ll llll lllll
l llll
ll lllll
llll
l lllll lllll
lllll
llll llll llll
ll llll llll
lllll llll llll llll
Frade de Baixo
Aldeia Avieira do Patacão is the name of a small fisherman village that used to be inhabited by Avieiros. Here visible as a row of houses following the curve of a dike and an earth road that run parallel to each other.
llll l
Casalinho
llll llll llll llll l
AVIEIRA DO PATACÃO
100 m
llll
llll llll
lll llll llll
l llll llll
llll
llll llll
llll llll lllll llll
ll llll llll
llll
llll
da m
Estra
1 km
unic ip
al 36 8
-1
Frade de Cima
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
“
The existence of an Avieira culture has been recognized in numerous studies for over 60 years, and is identified by a set of specific features (linguistic, gastronomic, architectural and sociological) that belong to a population that origins from Vieira de Leiria, and that settled by the rivers of Tejo and Sado. GASPAR, Pedro Lima; PALLA, João – Construções palafíticas da bacia do Tejo. Scientific article by the association Arquitectos Sem Fronteiras Portugal.
Service
STORAGE: The space under the house was utilized as a storage place. Illustrations: Associação dos Arquitetos Portugueses. Arquitetura Popular em Portugal, 1988.
STILT HOUSES: A typical Avieira house is simple and characteristic. Based on pillars, due to occasional floods. The structure is wood and painted.
Social
Sleep
Veranda
Entrance
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
“
If not undertaken actions to preserve, maintain or restore this heritage, it is estimated that in less than a decade the traces of an Avieira occupation at Tejo will disappear – either due to degradation and loss of the buildings that still exist, or with the disappearance of the generation of Avieiros with direct experience in a lifestyle related to fishing (and whose age will be around 80 years now). 1
1 GASPAR, Pedro Lima; PALLA, João – Construções palafíticas da bacia do Tejo. Scientific article by the association Arquitectos Sem Fronteiras Portugal, 2009.
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
4 | DOCK
Moorings. Boat house. Kiosk. Rest rooms.
PROGRAM | 4 STEPS TO RE-DEVELOP PATACﾃグ AVIEIROS CULTURAL PATH The backbone of the project is a path that connects the different interventions and that allows movement through the landscape. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY It is proposed to develop the project through stages with the pace that resources allow. This makes it more feasible, also regarding its implementation in the municipality budgets.
A | ACOMMODATION Small rentable units.
3 | MEMORIAL
Dark house with audiovisual room. Also includes restoration of an Avieiro house.
1 | Arrival
2 | EXHIBITION ROOM
Exhibition space, including reception and rest rooms.
2 | Exhibition room
3 | Memorial
1 | ARRIVAL
4 | Dock
Parking facilities. Start of path.
A | Accommodation
N
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
INTENTIONS | DESIGN GUIDLINES 1 | Preserve the beauty of the ruin (...) the greatest glory of a building is not in its stones, nor in its gold. Its glory is in its Age, and in that deep sense of voicefulness, of stern watching, of mysterious sympathy, nay, even of approval or condemnation, which we feel in walls that have long been washed by the passing waves of humanity.1 John Ruskin, 1849
2 | Make the site accessible for visitors Only by building the new, we can make the past speak.2 Sverre Fehn, 1997
3 | Allow the untamed presence of nature on the site. The ruin serves as the visible guarantor of the antiquity of the nation, but as ivy climbs up and claims the stonework, it also binds culture to nature, presenting the nation under the aspect of nature, and so suggesting national permanence.3 Michael Wheeler, 1992
1 2 3
John Ruskin, “The Lamp of Memory”, The Seven Lamps of Architecture (1849) Part of discussion during the reception of the Pritzker award in 1997. Wheeler, M., & Whiteley, N. (1992)
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
THE DIKE | A SOCIAL SPINE Aldeia Avieira do Patacﾃ｣o established a strong community sense.
REPAIRING: One of the fishermen sitting on the dike, fixing the net after the catch.
The communal habits can still be witnessed by a social oven were they baked their breads.
Photo: Vitor Lopes
The dike, that the houses are snugging to, became a strong backbone, that reinforced the social connections. It physically joined the houses and people together. It was protecting them and provided a dry path where they could easily move between the houses.
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
ARRIVAL AND PARKING | A parking place is designed to establish the moment
where
the
movement
of
the car is replaced by the rhythm of contemplation. With its position, lowered in the terrain, the visiting experience is protected from the presence of the car.
ARRIVAL
1 | ARRIVAL
Parking facilities. Start of path.
N
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
B A A
B
SECTION A
INFORMATION SPOTS | From the parking lot until the exhibition space, it is designed a zig-zagged and informative walk, where corten steel structures provide facts and graphics.
SECTION B
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
EXHIBITION ROOM | Next to the village, it is proposed to draw an exhibition space that tells the story about the Avieiros. The exhibition includes models and photos related to Aldeia Avieira do Patacão. This building includes a small reception that will be serviced by one person. It should be managed by locals, promoting the interaction between them and the visitors – creating valuable and profitable experiences for both. Further 2 | EXHIBITION ROOM
Exhibition space, including reception and rest rooms.
it facilitates rest rooms which are placed in a separate volume.
EXHIBITION ROOM
N
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
C C
SOUTH FACADE
SECTION A
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
“
In more recent times, after the carnation revolution of April 25 1974, the owner of the land was displeased with the fishermen, and set fire to three of their houses,
leaving
them
completely
destroyed. The reason for such an act: “Because he wanted to.” It is thought, however, that he wanted to use that little piece of land, where the Avieiros houses were located, in order to extend
3 | MEMORIAL
the area of crops, and at the same time
Dark house with audiovisual room. Also includes restoration of an Avieiro house.
scaring them away. CANDIDATE
PROJECT
FOR
QUALIFYING
AVIEIRA
CULTURE AS NATIONAL HERITAGE: Memories of an Avieiro fisherman.
MEMORIAL
N
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
Ground floor
A
1st floor RESTORATION OF AN AVIEIRO HOUSE It is proposed to restore house number five in the aldeia, and open it for visitors – in order to show an
B
B
example of an original Avieiro home. This house is in better condition than most of its neighbours. The structure is still strong, thus the restoration project limits itself to repairing roof, cladding and interior walls. The restoration project aims to debate on how the remains of the Aviero culture can be preserved.
A
kitchen
social
sleep
work bench wine press SECTION A
SECTION B
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACĂƒO
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
A
A
PLAN MEMORIAL
THE MEMORIAL | Further down the line of degraded fisherman houses there is a huge gap in the row. Concrete stilts reveal traces of three houses that were burnt down to the ground. The landowner put fire to the houses, trying to scare them away, arguing that he needed the land to increase his crops. Here it is proposed to draw a small
EducationalVersion
memorial, it consists in a ramp encircling one of the ruins, and leading to a small concrete box. Inside the box audiovisual effects communicate the more dramatic side of the fisherman story.
SECTION A
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
NORTH FACADE
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
4 | DOCK
Moorings. Boat house. Kiosk. Rest rooms.
“
Still in the sixties it was common that Avieiros couples lived on boats. Some recall spending the wedding night on the boat, others the day they gave birth aboard. One time they saw “the death in front of their eyes”. After a day and a night of rain – pouring rain – they were forced to stay under the awning. The waves in Tejo rose so high that the boat almost flipped. It was so distressful and dangerous that they still recall this event with horror. CANDIDATE
PROJECT
FOR
QUALIFYING
AVIEIRA
CULTURE AS NATIONAL HERITAGE: Memories of an Avieiro fisherman.
DOCK
N
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
PATH TO THE RIVER | The path continues until the river,
passing through the fields.
Recreating the movement the Avieiros would do until their boats.
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
PLAN DOCK
NORTH FACADE
SECTION A
SECTION B
PATHWAYS
SECTION C
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
SECTION D
THE DOCK | The dock is designed to connect the visitor with the most importante element of the Avieiros daily life,
cork insulation 60mm fiber cement cladding 10mm
plywood 10mm
the fishing in Tejo. vapor barrier
vapor barrier
plywood 10mm vapor barrier
It provides reacreational facilities including a cafeteria and a boat house. It allows arrival with boat and activities
steel profile
wood beam 150x50mm
like swimming, fishing and canoeing.
plywood painted white 10mm furring strips bolt
fiber cement cladding 10mm
The dock will be in the end of the path on the site where the Avieiros used to embark their boats. This was also
cork insulation 60mm wood column 200x100mm
the point where the fisherman first arrived and where they
fiber cement cladding 10mm
used to sleep in their boats. Thus this is an important site
wood column 200x100mm
to recover, both to reconnect the infrastructure of the river
DETAIL
SECTION
INT
EXT
PLAN
INT
EXT
with the land, but also to preserve the memory of this extraordinary site.
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
“
One of the livelihoods of the Avieiros people of Patacão, in the fifties and sixties they were renting their houses to people who came from Alpiarça for periods of one week to fifteen days in the summer. When the houses were rented, the fishermen slept at the beach. As it was summer, they used the nights for fishing and slept during
A | ACOMMODATION
the day in the boats.
Small rentable units.
PIECES OF MEMORY OF AN AVIEIRO FISHERMAN Memórias de um Avieiro: António Gerónimo da Silva
ACCOMMODATION
N
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACÃO
fiber cement cladding 10mm vapor barrier
plywood 10mm
wood beam 150x50mm steel profile vapor barrier plywood 10mm furring strips
bolt
fiber cement cladding 10mm
B
cork insulation 60mm
A
A
wood column 200x100mm
PLAN APARTMENTS
SECTION B | DETAIL
fiber cement cladding 10mm
wood column 200x100mm
SECTION A
vapor barrier cork insulation 60mm
plywood painted white 10mm
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
ACCOMODATION | The units are allowing the visitors to experience to live in this place, thus re-establishing an old costume of the Avieiros who used to lend their houses to people in the summer season. The houses are a contemporary reinterpretation of the Avieiros houses, and will generate income to help preserve the site.
PATHWAYS
|
RIBATEJO
|
PATACﾃグ
www.percursosdamemoria.com