ProAgri ZM 64 by ProAgri

ProAg Pro Agri ri technology for the farmer

Z a m b i a No 64

Free

John Deere has a tractor for every farm

Novatek: The best

feed for your steed

Your life-long irrigation partner www.agri4all.com

www.proagri.co.za

Advanced panel with internet control

FREE!*

*Order a new Agrico centre pivot with an Advanced control panel and get your Internet control subscription FREE for the first 24 months. Contact details: Alfred Andrag | c: +27 82 824 1214 t: +27 21 950 4111 | f: +27 21 950 4208 | alfred.andrag@agrico.co.za

More than 100 years’ service

e are firmly in the grips of winter. Some regions might experience more severe cold fronts than others, but climatologists expect a very cold winter. Certain stereotypes immediately come to mind when one thinks of the winter months. For most people it is the time for thick blankets and warm meals. For some it is a time for harvesting grain and citrus. For others it is a time where the cold is severe, and the resources to guard against it are few. For the grain and citrus farmers, it is time to cash in on the past season’s labour. The seasonal work brought along by the harvest will create employment opportunities for many seasonal workers. Grain farmers are under particular pressure during the 2021 harvest season due to maize prices being lower than the previous season. Farming, and maize farming in particular, is one of the main contributors to job creation.

Apart from creating jobs, many subsistence farmers depend on the surplus that they produce for an annual income to afford basic necessities such as groceries and education. In order for the farmers to continue contributing to the national economy, they need to be able to sell their produce at a profit. Providing the farmers with aid in the form of higher commodity prices, or a state subsidy to compensate for the lower income generated, will improve agricultural resilience in a hostile economic environment – thus stimulating the economy and aiding in food security. African governments in general need to realise the potential that agriculture holds for the continent. Many say that they do, but unfortunately there often is more talk than actual implementation of viable ideas. Farmers need access to land tenure, or private land ownership as well as resources such as water, irrigation systems, seed, and fertiliser. It does not end there. After the crops have been harvested, farmers need the infrastructure that grants them access to markets where they will be able to sell their goods. The private sector is anxious to participate in the growth of African agriculture. Once the African rulers have created a socio-economic climate that is conducive to agricultural growth, we truly have the potential to feed the world! Is your government doing something to help you farm better? We would love to hear about it so that it can set an example for others to follow. Farm smartly! Jaco Cilliers jaco@proagri.co.za

Content

Valley: The pivot that keeps going season after season

Keep your horses strong and fit with Novatek Horse Feed

Feed your cattle for success - with Rumax's support

The farmer’s guide to colostrum testing: Ensure your calves get what they need

11.

Cattle farmers benefit from Reinke irrigation

12.

Irrigation made easy Part 12: Types of sprinklers

15.

FieldNET and Zimmatic: a winning combination for Namibian farmer

17.

Bayer shapes the future of agriculture through innovative products

19.

Rotary tillers are simple but effective Part 2: The tractor-drawn model and the self-propelled heavy duty rotary tiller

25.

No matter what you farm with, John Deere has what you need

27.

Falcon – ideal solutions for soil cultivation and bedforming

30.

Turn your crops into condiments and seasonings Part 6.4: Grinding, distillation, and centrifugation of ginger

ProAgri Zambia 64

Cover

Letter from the Editor

A Valley irrigation system is an investment that will keep on paying you, year after year after year.

ProAgri technology for the farmer

Z a m b i a

Nangwenya House No. 7352 Nangwenya Road Rhodespark +26 (0)97-769-9786 www.proagri.co.za Copyright © 2019. All rights r eserved. No m aterial, text or p hotographs may be r eproduced, copied or in any other way t ransmitted without the written consent of the publisher. O pinions expressed are not n ecessarily those of the publisher or of the e ditor. We recognise all trademarks and logos as the sole property of their r espective o wners. ProAgri shall not be liable for any errors or for any actions in reliance thereon.

ProAgri Zambia Editor Jaco Cilliers > +27 71-893-6477 jaco@proagri.co.za Reporters Benine Ackermann > +27 73-105-6938 benine@proagri.co.za Bianca Henning > +27 82-326-2572 bianca@proagri.co.za Specialist writer Annemarie Bremner > +27 82-320-3642 annemarie@proagri.co.za Senior Production Manager: Zainab Pandor > +26 (0)97-769-9786 zainab@proagri.co.za Marketing Manager Diane Grobler > +27 82-555-6866 diane@proagri.co.za Marketing Xander Pieterse > +27 79-524-0934 xander@proagri.co.za Candice Rieger > +27 83-292-3150 candice@proagri.co.za Johan Swartz > +27 71-599-9417 johan@proagri.co.za Tiny Smith > +27 82-698-3353 tiny@proagri.co.za Anelda Strauss > +27 74-424-0055 anelda@proagri.co.za Creative Director Christiaan Joubert > +27 72-419-3990 christiaan@proagri.co.za Design Michelle Kruger & Lizelle Erasmus Enquiries Engela Botha > +27 12-803-0782 engela@proagri.co.za Accounts Ronel Schluter > +27 12-803-0782 accounts@proagri.co.za Business Manager George Grobler

BROILER TROUBLE SHOOTING CHECK LIST OBSERVATION

Mortality first week

High mortality rate in late growth

Poor growth in the first week

Poor late growth

Poor uniformity

Poor feed conversion

POSSIBLE CAUSES

CORRECTIVE ACTIONS

Chick quality

Check with hatchery

Starvation

Check feed availability, quality and light

Temperature

Check heat source system

Dehydration

Check water availability, quality and light

Environment

Check house environment parameters

Disease

Post mortem on dead chicks to check the cause

Metabolic conditions

Check and control house environment parameter like temperature, ventilation & air quality during brooding period

Infectious Diseases

Post mortems on dead and sick birds by the vet

Chick quality

Check with the hatchery

Environment

Check house environment parameters, lighting program

Nutrition

Check feed quality

Water in take

Check the availability of water in the pen

Disease

Check disease symptoms and post mortem on dead birds

Brooding techniques

Check on your management, temperature, ventilation, litter quality etc.

Environment

Ventilation settings

Nutrition

Check feed availability and quality

Water intake

Check water availability and quality and nipple flow rate

Chick uniformity at placement

Check hatchery

Stocking density

Check stocking density is not too high

Feed intake

Check feeder access and feed quality

Water intake

Check drinker space and quantity, and water quality

Environment

Check house environment parameters

Disease

Vet advice

Temperature

Check heat amount during brooding

Poor growth

Check your management techniques (liter, feeding, environment etc.)

Poor gut health

Post mortem for examining gut lesions

Poor feed intake

Check feed quality, feed form and feeders

Feed wastage

Poor litter quality

Litter material

Use correct and good litter

Stocking density

Check stock density - it has to be correct

Water supply system

Check and control water spillage

Ventilation

Check your ventilation system - ensure that there is enough ventilation

Environment

Check on prevailing weather

ANIMAL FEED +260 966 763650

More than just feed Since 1942

BROILER CHICKS +260 967 855495

PLOT 8537 MWEMBESHI ROAD, LUSAKA

Less Feed

More Meat

ProAgri Zambia 64

An investment for future generations

Valley: The pivot that keeps going season after season

by Jaco Cilliers

ivots are an essential component to thousands of farming operations globally. They are chosen because of their reliability and longevity. Farmers want assurance that their investment will benefit them for years and decades to come. Valley pivots are renowned for their longevity and durability, as well as for their reliability and efficiency. These characteristics are to be expected from a company that has been in the irrigation industry since 1947. “We have bought this pivot in 1997 as a movable pivot that can be used on various circles on the farm,” explains

Frikkie du Plessis from FAG Du Plessis Farm near Roedtan in the northern region of South Africa. Frikkie uses the pivot to irrigate lucerne that serves as feed for the game on his farm. The pivot covers fifteen hectares with three towers and a 25-metre overhang. “Some of the wheels on this pivot still have the original tyres that the pivot was bought with,” says Frikkie. This pivot was erected in 1997 and is still going strong. The pipes were recently replaced due to the high prevalence of lime in the soil. The farm

Frikkie du Plessis of FAG du Plessis farm near Roedtan in South Africa invested in a Valley irrigation system in 1997, and his only regret is that there is not enough water available on the farm to allow for more Valley pivots.

The high quality of the galvanised steel used in the construction of a Valley irrigation system was proven by seeing very little corrosion in this pivot over the past 24 years, even though fertiliser and water with very high lime content were used in this irrigation system. ProAgri Zambia 64

Frikkie du Plessis is proud of the fact that the original control box is still being used on his Valley pivot, and that the irrigation system has given him reliable service for more than 32 000 hours over the past 24 years. is surrounded by lime quarries. “After 24 years of irrigation with a high lime content in the water, and also applying fertiliser through the pivot, the insides of the pipes had surprisingly little corrosion,” says Frikkie. The maintenance that Frikkie performs on the pivot includes ensuring that all the vital components are greased regularly, and making sure that there is enough oil in the gearboxes. “Apart from that, the pivot demands very little maintenance,” says Frikkie. Valley offers the farmer peace of mind to plant his cash crops without worrying about the risk of drought. This is not an inexpensive investment, but it is essential for the farmer who wants to expand his farm and increase certainty over yields. This investment allowed Frikkie to produce enough feed for the game on the farm, and also to be able to sell the surplus to boost his cashflow. “When it comes to pivots, there is only one brand that comes to my mind – Valley. I would gladly recommend Valley pivots to any farmer, not only for the quality of the equipment, but also for the level of service. The only reason that I have not invested in more Valley irrigation systems on the farm is due to the fact that we have a very limited amount of water available for irrigation,” Frikkie explained. Valley has a well-established dealer network that provides excellent service to farmers. To invest in your farm with a Valley irrigation system, contact Francois Griesel on francois.griesel@valmont.com or +27-067-412-9089. 3

ProAgri Zambia 64

Keep your horses strong and fit with

Novatek Horse Feed W

hoever said a dog is man’s best friend never owned a horse. Our equine counterparts have been part of human civilisation for many years. First, they were only used as working horses, but as of late horses are used for a variety of sport disciplines, farm animals, as well as companion animals. When it comes to feeding our fourlegged friends, there is a fine balance to ensure that their needs are perfectly met. Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH), also known as bran disease, big-head disease, and miller’s disease, is caused by excessive mobilisation of calcium from the skeleton under the influence of parathyroid hormone. For all horse types, the maintenance of blood calcium in the body is critical for their muscular and nervous system to function

optimally. However, it is under close regulation by the hormones calcitonin and parathormone. Whenever the blood calcium level drops below normal, the horse will reabsorb calcium from their bones in order to re-establish normal blood calcium levels. When this process occurs over a long period of time, the horse will become lame. The main reason for this is that the bones constantly get depleted from calcium and lose their structural integrity. Even the facial bones become fibrotic and enlarged, hence the name big-head disease. The main cause is always a deficiency, usually caused by a mineral imbalance, whether it is an oversupply of phosphorus, an undersupply of calcium, or high levels of oxalates which affect the digestion and absorption of calcium. Previously, millers used to feed their

Novatek horse feed will keep your horse happy, healthy and well fed. ProAgri Zambia 64

by Wiehan Visagie horses a by-product from the mill called wheat bran. This product is low in calcium and high in phosphorus. Many of their horses developed this condition and from there the name bran disease or miller’s disease. As of late, the problem is most prevalent when horses graze pastures with a high oxalate content, or when a lot of grain is being fed without calcium supplementation. Instinctively, horse owners might want to draw blood to analyse for blood calcium levels, but there is a strong homeostatic mechanism controlling blood calcium, which may cause the blood calcium to appear normal. It is always better to evaluate the ration in order to determine if the problem exists. The calcium requirements for each breed of horse can be different, and the ration should be evaluated accordingly. If phosphorus is oversupplied compared to calcium intake, it may cause problems. However, if this ratio is well-balanced, then the disease may be caused due to high levels of oxalates. In cases where there is a calcium shortage, it is always good to consult with a veterinarian or an animal nutritionist. Horses respond well to supplemental calcium in the form of calcium carbonate. When horses are fed well-formulated feeds with adequate roughage, miller’s disease should not be a concern to horse owners. Novatek Animal Feeds have a variety of well-balanced horse feeds. For more information, please contact Robert Kanyembo on +26-097125-2522 or Naomi Musonda on +26-097-041-3042. 5

RumaX

R RUMAX UMAX 7 7m³ m³

BJP Supplies

Exceptional Cutting and Mixing Properties

+27 23 342 6070 www.rumax.co.za 6

Affordable Mixer

+27 86 626 8397 Samuel Walters Street 1, Worcester

ProAgri Zambia 64

Feed your cattle for success with Rumax's support by Jaco Cilliers

eed makes the difference between success and failure in livestock farming. Everyone knows that. Good feed improves production and lowers the vet’s bill. The quality of the feed mixture must also be maintained constantly to ensure the best possible production figures. To keep the quality of the feed the same all the time, and to keep the feed bill lower, more and more farmers take to mixing feed themselves. Rumax, a supplier of top implements to farmers in Africa, understands the importance of feed and that the process of feed processing starts much earlier than with the feed mixer. The quality of the raw materials is just as important as the final feed mixture. That is why Rumax provides a range of feed processing equipment to serve the farmer throughout the feeding process — from manure spreaders to hammer mills, feed mixers and pelletisers. With this equipment, the farmer improves his grazing and also mixes feed of a consistently high quality that makes his animals perform better. Jaco Pieters started Rumax in 1999 and today, 22 years later, wise farmers choose Rumax above all others for feed mixers and other equipment. "We wanted to build a hammer mill that does not create dust, and at that time there was nothing like it available on the market," says Jaco. "We designed a hammer mill where the motor drives the mill directly. The end result was a hammer mill with higher efficiency, but less wear and tear." Today, farmers on farms all over Southern Africa use Rumax equipment to dish up only the best feed for their animals.

in three different sizes. The full-feed mixers are available in 7 m3, 9 m3, and 15 m3 while the lick mixers are available in 0,5, 1,5, and 2 tonnes sizes. All Rumax equipment is guaranteed for 12 months. The equipment is designed to require as little servicing as possible. The blades, bearings and other parts can be ordered from Rumax and will be delivered on the

farm within a day or two. Most of the parts are also available at the nearest cooperative. "The most important part of the business is our service to the farmers," says Jaco. "Any farmer can contact me directly if there is anything he needs help with. All the equipment we manufacture can be customised to suit the farmer's specific needs.”

Rumax's full-feed mixers are available in three different sizes ranging from 7 m3, 9 m3, to 15 m3. In addition to the full feed mixers, they also manufacture lick mixers in 0,5, 1,5, and 2 tonnes sizes.

The Rumax range includes:

Manure spreaders Used to spread manure, compost, or wood chips, and mostly used for grazing and orchards. Hammer mills Rumax's hammer mills are available in sizes from 2,2 to 55 kW, and are used for milling grain and roughage. No wind is used, which saves energy. Instead of blowing out the final product, it is carried out by an auger. Feed mixers Rumax supplies both full-feed and lick mixers, each of which is manufactured

Rumax hammer mills range from 2,2 kW for milling grain, to the giant 55 kW models that grind whole round bales before being fed into the feed mixers. Give your herd the Rumax advantage with good quality animal feed. Contact Jaco Pieters at +27-82-335-3970 or +27-23-342-6070, or send an e-mail to jaco@rumax.co.za. Also visit www.rumax.co.za to see Rumax's entire range of top products.

ProAgri Zambia 64

The farmer’s guide to colostrum testing:

Article supplied

Ensure your calves get what they need Quality To boost calf health and performance, it is essential to feed the right quantity of top-quality colostrum at the right time. Many cows within a herd will produce poor quality colostrum. Traditionally, colostrum from heifers has been discarded. However, with well-managed feeding and vaccination Colostrometer floating high in green section indicates a good quality colostrum, but when the colostrometer is floating low in the red section, it indicates a poor quality.

programmes, heifers are now capable of producing good quality colostrum – so check it for quality first. Checking It is no good just looking at colostrum to decide whether it is good or bad – even if it looks thick and creamy it may be sub-standard. A colostrometer will give you a quick, simple, but accurate assessment of quality. Using a colostrometer • Place the test sample of colostrum in a clean cylinder. • Allow it to cool to room temperature (20 to 22 °C) for accuracy. If the milk is too warm, the colostrometer may underestimate the antibody quality. • Keep froth to a minimum – too much will make the scale hard to read. • Float the colostrometer in the colostrum. • If the colostrometer floats in the green section, the quality is good. This should be fed to the new born calf as soon as possible (ideally

TAKE A MOMENT

TO REFLECT.

•

• •

within 2 hours after birth), or it can be stored. If the colostrometer floats in the orange section, the quality is average; this should not be fed to the new born calf during the first 24 hours, but is fine for 2 to 3 day old calves which have already consumed good quality colostrum. If the colostrometer floats in the red section, the quality is poor and it should be discarded or fed to older animals. Good quality colostrum can be stored in the fridge for up to 7 days and in the freezer for up to 1 year. Refrigerate or freeze within 1 to 2 hours of collection; left at room temperature bacteria will double every 20 to 30 minutes. Nutribase is the market leader in feed supplements for Africa. Visit their website www.nutribase.co.za for more information, contact Jaco Faasen, Product Manager, on (+27)82-607-6601, or send an e-mail to jaco@nutribase.co.za.

Volac’s Lifeguard range of milk replacers all contain Imunopro®, our unique concentrated milk protein, which enables better development of the early life immune system and stimulates the young calf’s digestive system, crucial for fast, healthy and sustainable growth. feedforgrowth.com

Feed supplements for Africa

ProAgri Zambia 64

PRECISELY WHAT YOU NEED FOR

PRECISE IRRIGATION

CENTER PIVOT VRI PIVOT CENTER CENTER PIVOT VRI VRI

OPTION 1: SPEED VRIOPTION OPTION 2: ZONE VRI OPTION OPTION 1: 1: SPEED SPEED VRI VRI OPTION 2: 2: ZON ZON SLICE THE CENTER PIVOT PIE

SLICE SLICETHE THECENTER CENTERPIVOT PIVOTPIE PIE BE MORE SPECIFIC AND FIND NEW POTENTIAL BE BEMORE MORESPECIFIC SPECIFICAND ANDFIND FIND

VARIABLE RATE IRRIGATION

Speed VRI is economically accomplished by segmenting the pivot path into Zone VRI dividesthe the pivot coverage more rings (zones) around Speed Speed VRI VRI isiseconomically economically accomplished accomplished bybysegmenting segmenting thepivot pivotpath pathinto into area into two orZone ZoneVRI VRI divides divides the the pivot pivotcoverage coveragea

multiple pie-like slices (sectors). Each unique irrigation depthpie-like ispie-like achieved by(sectors). the pivot point.depth Reinke VRI can control zones. combined multiple multiple slices slices (sectors).Each Eachunique unique irrigation irrigation depth isisachieved achieved byby as many as 84 the the pivot pivotWhen point. point.Reinke ReinkeVRI VRIcan cancontro cont

speed at each slice. The Rx may concentrate on thespeed outer with the segmenting sectors, an even higher level ofwith precision is possiblesectors, by altering alteringthe the pivot pivot speedatateach eachslice. slice.The The Rx Rxmay may concentrate concentrate on onthe theouter outer with the thesegmenting segmenting sectors,ananeve ev Patrick altering Ellis the pivot 031 350 4525 patrickellis@reinke.com www.reinke.com

30 to 50 percent of the pivot circle, which accounts for topercent 75 percent ofpivot creating several up to more thanofof 300,000 independently managed zones 30 30 toto50 50percent ofofthe the pivotcircle, circle,which which accounts accounts for foror 50 50 toto 75 75 percent percent creating creating several severaloror up uptotomore morethan than3

ProAgri Zambia 64

the total area within each slice. Each slice can also be accurately proportioned within thebe fibe eld. Irrigation rates are achieved throughwithin individually the the total totalarea area within withineach eachslice. slice.Each Eachslice slice can canalso also accurately accurately proportioned proportioned withinthe thefield. ficontrolled eld.Irrigation Irrigationrates ratesare areaca

Cattle farmers benefit from Reinke irrigation by Jaco Cilliers

rrigation is not only for grain farmers. Any cattle farmer can also benefit from it. Buying feed for animals can often be very expensive, and can negatively affect your profitability. Furthermore, the purchase of feed can expose the farmer to price fluctuations and variations in the quality of the feed. During severe droughts, there may be no feed available to purchase at all. Therefore, many farmers prefer to produce their own feed instead. Willie Odendaal from Aliwal North in South Africa is such a farmer. Willie produces his own feed by planting 11,8 hectares of feed crops under irrigation. The mixture he plants under the centre pivot consists of teff and feed sorghum. He says: "The Reinke centre pivot enables us to produce more kilograms of meat per hectare. Therefore, I can say that this pivot is an excellent investment for the farm." This statement is supported by the scale: The growth mass of Willie's 280 calves increased on average by 860 grams per day over 30 days on the irrigated pasture.

Willie Odendaal (right) is very pleased with the service he receives from Kobus Labuschange (left), the local Reinke agent of Aliwal North.

Willie Odendaal planted a mixture of teff and feed sorghum to give his cattle nutrition a proper boost. With the Reinke centre pivot, Willie can now ensure that his cattle will have enough food throughout the year without him having to purchase feed.

Willie farms with Fieldmaster cattle, a new breed that he and a few other farmers developed to ensure better meat production in the area's climatic conditions. The main aim is to ensure high fertility. Willie irrigates from a rainwater dam on the farm. From the large dam, the water is pumped to a smaller irrigation dam, and from there to the centre pivot. Willie explains that he decided on a Reinke pivot because of the sturdy structure and the excellent service he receives from Kobus Labuschagne, the local Reinke dealer from Aliwal North. “Kobus helped with the whole process from the design to erection of the pivot. He is always available to help, and he is always readily available," says Willie. Apart from the structure and aftersales service that is very important to Willie, he also states that Reinke offers excellent value for money. "I would recommend Reinke to anyone. The difference I can see in the meat production of my cattle is worth it all," says Willie. Reinke uses only the best quality high-strength steel in their pivots. The

Willie Odendaal farms with Fieldmaster cattle outside Aliwal North. The Reinke pivot on his farm helps him to produce more meat per hectare.

ProAgri Zambia 64

pivot structure is smartly designed to provide stability and strength with the least quantity of steel. The pivots are designed with an unusually low centre of gravity, which helps with overall sturdiness and stability. Reinke prides itself in providing irrigation solutions to any farmer who needs their expertise. "We are part of the whole process, from planning and design to the construction of the pivot, and after-sales service," says Patrick Ellis, Sales Director for Reinke Africa.

For more information on how Reinke can assist you to make more profit from any form of farming, contact Patrick Ellis at +27-(0)31350-4525, or send an e-mail to patrickellis@reinke.com.

and nozzle size. A range of pressure between 5% above, and 10% below, design pressure is normally allowed. If pressures outside this range are allowed in a system, poor application efficiencies will occur. Certain crops, such as tomatoes, are sensitive and water should not be applied directly to leaves or fruit while in full sunlight (burn on the skins damages tomatoes). Sprinkler systems can not be used on these crops.

4.1 Types of Sprinkler

Irrigation made easy Part 12:

ROTARY IMPACT SPRINKLERS

Sprinklers operate at medium pressures. Ideal pressure at the nozzle will vary between 2 and 4 bar (200 to 400 kPa.) depending on the type sprinkler This is ofthe most common form of and nozzle size. A range of pressure between 5% At least 90% of all above, and 10% below, designsprinkler. pressure is normally allowed. If pressures outside this range are allowed in sprinkler systems use rotary impact a system, poor application efficiencies will occur.

Types of sprinklers: Rotary impactsprinklers. sprinkler These sprinklers T

are Certain crops, such as tomatoes, equipped are sensitive and water with 1, 2 or even 3 nozzles. should not be applied directly to leaves or fruit while in Each nozzle contributes to the final full sunlight (burn on the skins damages tomatoes). Sprinkler systems can not be useddistribution on these crops. pattern of water delivered he rotary impact sprinkler is the by the sprinkler.

most common form of sprinkler. At least 90% of all sprinkler systems use rotary impact sprinklers. These 4.1 Types sprinklers are equipped with one, two or even three nozzles. Each nozzle contributes to the final distribution pattern ROTARY IMPACT SPRINKLERS of water delivered by the sprinkler.

Sprinklers are spaced in the field in so that the merged distribution pattern provides an even distribution of water across the field. This spacing is a function of the distribution pattern of a The rotary impact sprinkler. Sprinklers are spaced in single the fieldsprinkler. in so that the The Sprinklers are spaced in the field in merged distribution delivery such a wayand that thedistribution merged distribupattern provides an distrition pattern provides an even pattern of acrossa the offield. single bution of distribution water This even spacing is a function of the distribuwater across thevary field. sprinkler with tion pattern will of a single sprinkler. The This is pattern a delivery spacing and distribution of a changes in will pressure, or single sprinkler vary with function of the changes in pressure, or in the nozzle size/s. distribution pattern of a in the nozzle size/s. single sprinkler. The 12 delivery and distribution

of Sprinkler

This is the most common form of sprinkler. At least 90% of all sprinkler systems use rotary impact sprinklers. These sprinklers are equipped with 1, 2 or even 3 nozzles. Each nozzle contributes to the final distribution pattern of water delivered by the sprinkler.

The sprinklers should be spaced in such a way to deliver an even distribution pattern.

ProAgri Zambia 64

Pressure plays an important role in the distribution pattern of the sprinkler. If the pressure is too low, the water jet does not break up easily and most water falls in a donut, some distance from the sprinkler.

Jet is interrupted, forcing swing arm sideways again

Swing arm moves sideways off jet

Swing arm strikes sprinkler, causing it to turn

Spring causes sharp return

The correct pressure will produce a distribution pattern which will allow for the best possible final overlapped distribution of water between a series of sprinklers spaced at the chosen distance apart.

Moving action of the rotary impact sprinkler. The rotation of the sprinkler is caused by the impact of an oscillating swing arm against the body of the sprinkler. By rotating in regular forward moves, the sprinkler can wet consecutive sectors of a circle. Each movement of the sprinkler irrigates the next consecutive sector of the circle until the entire area has received water. The nozzles of a normal impact rotary sprinkler are made of brass and wear relatively quickly (more so when fertilisers are applied through the sprinkler.) Regular checks on nozzle wear and periodic replacement of nozzles are needed. It is important that nozzles are replaced with nozzles of the same type and outlet size, or sprinkler delivery and distribution patterns will also change.

Low pressure.

Current sector irrigated by the sprinkler

Direction

Correct pressure. Sprinkler’s outer reach

Operation of the rotary impact sprinkler.

High pressures will cause the jet of water to break up too much. A fine mist will form, which can easily be driven away by wind. Most water will also fall close to the sprinkler.

High pressure.

Gauge pin marked with standard nozzle sizes.

This series is published with acknowledgement to the ARC Agricultural Engineering for the use of their manuals. Visit www. arc.agric.za for more information.

ProAgri Zambia 64

INVEST IN THE FUTURE OF YOUR FARM IRRIGATE WITH ZIMMATIC PIVOTS AND EXPERIENCE UNRIVALED QUALITY. TAILOR MADE IRRIGATION SOLUTIONS

COMBINE FIELDNET TECHNOLOGY WITH YOUR PIVOT AND MANAGE YOUR IRRIGATION FROM ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD.

Contact Tanya Brits on +27-82-853-0265 or visit www.zimmatic.com today! 14

ProAgri Zambia 64

FieldNET and Zimmatic:

Article provided

a winning combination for Namibian farmer Gerhard Spangenberg farms with maize and wheat in Namibia. Two years ago, he purchased his first two Zimmatic pivots and a FieldNET subscription after hearing a lot about these products from other producers. We met Gerhard to get a better idea about exactly how his farming business benefitted from the Zimmatic and FieldNET combination he uses in his fields.

ater is one of the most important factors on any crop farm. We recently spoke to a wheat and maize farmer in Namibia who explained the main reasons why he only uses Zimmatic centre pivots on his farm. Gerhard Spangenberg is a relatively new Zimmatic farmer. Two years ago, he bought two Zimmatic hubs after hearing from co-producers that these products offer much better water application than other brands. "For the past two years that we have been using Zimmatic centre pivots on our farm, we have not had a single problem with them. I know for a fact that there’s no other pivots that have the long-life expectancy that Zimmatic has to offer," Gerhard said. He added that Zimmatic centre pivots are also known for their strength and durability. As a farmer, he must ensure that he invests in equipment that lasts. "In addition to their robust build form, Zimmatic parts are very easy to find. It makes maintenance a breeze if you have to replace something on your pivot," he adds enthusiastically. In Namibia, farmers have to overcome the challenges of farming in a very dry climate. In fact, for most of 2020, the

country was still struggling through a devastating drought that led to food shortages. Due to these conditions, proper irrigation during production is essential to ensure good harvests. For this purpose, Gerhard relies on FieldNET to help him stay abreast of what is happening in his fields during the season. "We use FieldNET on our Zimmatic centre pivots. With the app we can see exactly how much water is being applied and what the progress is on the irrigation cycle. The best thing, however, is that FieldNET allows me to switch my pivots on and off remotely, even when I'm on holiday, so my farming operation never has to stop," Gerhard explained. Namibia is a drought-stricken country, water is a scarce and valuable resource. For Gerhard, FieldNET ensures that no water is wasted whenever the Zimmatic pivot encounters a fault or error while running. "If there is a problem at the pivot point, FieldNET automatically switches it off, cuts off the water supply and notifies me immediately on my cellphone. This way we can fix the problem right away, which saves us a lot of production time. Even more important is that we do not lose a drop of water due to the proactivity of FieldNET,” he added. "I can honestly say that since we started using the Zimmatic centre pivots and FieldNET on our farm, it has greatly facilitated our farming operations. The most striking difference, of course, is that we are now getting better yields, which is mainly due to the very accurate water application that the pivot points provide in our fields,'' he said about the practical impact that the pivot points had on his farm.

The Zimmatic pivot on Gerhard Spangenberg's farm in Namibia. His Zimmatic pivot, along with FieldNET, allows him to make precise irrigation management decisions.

According to Gerhard, his local Zimmatic dealer, Aqualand Irrigation, is true experts in FieldNET and Zimmatic. He says they advised him in a very professional way about the products he

ProAgri Zambia 64

Maize crops on Gerhard Spangenberg's farm. Gerhard reaps the rewards of Irrigating with Zimmatic centre pivots and FieldNET on his farm.

Satisfied with the increased maize crops on the farm. needed, with the unique characteristics of his farm in mind. Furthermore, he says their after-sales service is simply brilliant. "FieldNET and Zimmatic are working hand in glove. It is a winning combination - I can testify to that," he said.

For more information on Zimmatic and FieldNET products in Namibia visit their website at www.lindsay.com.

Shaping the future of farming

Bayer partners with the farmer to provide a holistic tobacco solution

Broad,

ni gniworG nosinu Sivanto prime allows you to grow tobacco with

environmental responsibility & economic success.

Strong, Bayer Benefits of SIVANTO® prime include:

:noitpircsed tcudorP

saw dna emirp OTNAVIS rof tneidergni evitca eht si enorufidarypulF // .acinopaj anometS tnalp naisA na morf devired ®

fo evitavired a enilofometS morf emoc seitreporp ladicitcesni gniticxe ehT // Product comparison: • providing convenience and flexibility .acinoas paj a anfoliar ometS or drench ® ® ® The active ingredient for Vayego Tetraniliprole rojam200 steSC, grat application. yllacfiiceps tahist a yrtsimehc wVayego en euqinu200 a sSC i emProven irp OTBudworm NAVIS // Control new Bayer insecticide belonging to the• anthranilic tsep gprovides nikcus causesDiamide quick feeding cessation and.sthis effecchemical class. .sedilotive netuvirus B fo ssvector alc lacime hc wen a ot sgnoleb emirp ®OTNAVIS // control. 100 It is a plant mobile insecticide that is suitable foran application • has excellent safety and environmental eco-toxico90 by foliar spray against larval or adult pest stages but also dip/ logical profile. 80 :ytefas nevorP drench applications. • isevaitcflexible systemic insecticide that controls key adult . s p o r c a r t t a e e b y l h g i h h t i w d e t s e t n e e b sah emirp ®OTNAVIS // 70 Tetraniliprole is classsfied as a ryanodine receptor modulator and immature sucking pests. 60sah emirp ®OTNAVIS // rutammi dnleading a tluda to ot ycell ticixot cisnirtni wol a that induces shortening of contractileefilaments, • is selective to most beneficials seeb yenofit h for most 50 and a .perfect muscle contraction. ® integrated pest management (IPM) programs. 40 It reduces plant damage as a result of lethargy, nehwparalysis, neve seeb yenoh ot ksir wol srefnoc emirp OTNAVIS // .moolb gnirud s30 porc gnirewofl ot deilppa rapid feeding cessation and eventual death. ® 20 beneficial Vayego 200 SC can be considered safe secto namost hne dn a sporc ot efas ,evitceles ylhgih si emirp ®OTNAVIS // rutlucirga ni ytefas retaerg gniru10 sne suht tsevrah fo ytilauq insects, including predatory bugs, mites and.eparasitoids. 0 Has a high intrinsic toxicity to bees when applied as a foliar

// //

% Bu

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Product description:

DAY 1

spray, avoid spraying at bloom, but after flowering. Poses no risk to bees when applied as a drip or soil drench.

DAY 3

Days After Treatment

Vayego 200 SC provides exceptional Budworm control in tobacco throughout the various stages Benefits of Vayego 200 SC of the pests’ life //cycle. Offers reliable insect pest control. //

DAY 2

g Belt 80 ml g Vayego ® 100 ml g Belt expert 80 ml

Is active against all insect stages: eggs, larvae,

pupae and adults. Benefits of Vayego 200 SC include: //

Causes immediate cessation of insect feeding which prevents further crop damage. • Reliable insect pest control. // Long residual activity to protect against crop • Is active against all insect stages: eggs, larvae, pupae and pests over a sustained period of time. adults. // Effective Diamide IRAC Group 28 mode of • Causes immediate cessation of known insectcross-resistance feeding whichto action with no :stfiprevents eneb em irp ®O TNother A VIIRAC S Groups. further crop damage. acilpparesidual hcnerd ro ractivity ailo// f a sHighly a to ytiliprotect biselective xefl dna against ewith cneinminimal evncrop oc seimpact dpests ivorp eon m irp ®OTNAVIS // • .noitLong over .lortnaocsustained rotcev suriv period evitceffe of sbeneficial edtime. ivorp siharthropod t dna noitapopulations. ssec gnideef kciuq sesuac emirp ®OTNAVIS // Lower rp lacigolocDiamide ixot-oce la//tIRAC nem norGroup ivnuse e dnrates a 28 ytefthan amode s tneother llecof xeDiamide na sah em irp ®OTNAVIS // • .elfioEffective action with products. .stseno p gnknown ikcus erucross-resistance tammi dna tluda yek sto lortnother oc tahtIRAC edicitce sni cimetsys elbixefl a si emirp ®OTNAVIS // Groups. // Excellent crop safety. rgorp )Mselective PI( tnemegawith nam tsminimal ep detargeimpact tni tsom ron of tfibeneficial tcefrep a dna slaicfieneb tsom ot evitceles si emirp ®OTNAVIS // • .smaHighly // Favourable environmental profile.

arthropod populations. • Lower use rates than other Diamide products. • Excellent crop safety. • Favourable environmental profile

Henry Mutelo +26 096 759 6475 henry.mutelo@bayer.com 16

Emmanuel Banda +26 096 360 4694 emmanuel.banda@bayer.com

www.cropscience.bayer.co.za www.bayer.co.za

ProAgri Zambia 64

Bayer shapes the future of agriculture through innovative products

Photo: pinterest.com

by Jaco Cilliers

mproving production and profits while minimising expense and effort is every farmer’s goal. Bayer understands this and continuously develops products that will enable a farmer to achieve these goals. That is why Bayer introduced new crop protection products to the agricultural market. These products are specifically focussed on the tobacco and cotton industry and were brought to Zambia after being applied successfully in other African regions. With the introduction of SIVANTO Prime and Vayego 200 SC, the farmers of Zambia will be able to effectively control sucking and chewing pests on their tobacco and other crops. How does it work? Each of these crop protection products was specifically formulated to target certain pests on crops such as tobacco and maize. The reason for the specificity is to minimise the risk to beneficial insects such as bees. • Sivanto Prime was developed to target aphid infestations in tobacco crops. The active ingredient is Flupyradifurone, which was derived from the Asian plant, Stemona japonica. The SIVANTO Prime penetrates the xylem and the phloem of the plant cells. When the insect inserts its proboscis, it gives a bad taste and causes the insect to stop feeding quickly. Thereafter it affects the central nervous system of the insect, causing paralysis. This ensures that the aphid will not be able to move to a different plant once it has come into contact with the active ingredient of SIVANTO Prime, thus limiting the spread of damage to the plants, as well as diseases that are carried by these pests from one plant to the next. SIVANTO Prime works fast and has a quick feeding cessation effect on the insects. The results of tests showed a significant decrease of

•

up to 99% in aphid activity within the first five days after initial application. Vayego 200 SC proves to be highly effective in budworm control. It reduces plant damage as a result of lethargy, paralysis, rapid feeding cessation and eventual death. It is a plant mobile insecticide that is suitable for application by foliar spray against larval or adult pest stages, but also by drip/ drench application.

How should it be applied? SIVANTO Prime insecticide can either be applied as a foliar spray or as a drench application. Vayego 200 SC can also be applied effectively as either a foliar spray or a drench application. What is the recommended application rate? • The recommended application rate for SIVANTO Prime is 200 ml per 100 ℓ of water per hectare. Therefore, on 5 hectares you will mix 1 ℓ of Sivanto Prime on 500 ℓ of water. • The recommended application rate for Vayego 200 SC is 38 ml per 100 ℓ of water, making it an economical pest control product. On a 5-hectare field you will therefore mix 190 ml with 500 ℓ of water. To calculate the mixing rate for your farm, you multiply the recommended application rate by the number of hectares to be sprayed. You also multiply the hectares with the quantity of water that is recommended by Bayer. Once you have mixed the correct quantity of water with the correct quantity of the product; you can spray it onto your crops. Depending on the size of your farm, it would be wise to have a large mixing tank so that you will be able to get a consistent mix with every application.

ProAgri Zambia 64

Photo: gazettenet.com Can I use it on maize and vegetables? Legislation dictates that an insecticide should be registered for use on specific crops against specific pests. This is in order to control the use of harmful chemicals and to ensure that pesticides are not overutilized and cause threats to people and the environment. In Zambia, SIVANTO Prime and VAYEGO 200 SC have been registered for use on tobacco plants specifically. However, in other areas of the world, these products have been used on a variety of crops including maize and various types of vegetables with great success. Is it safe to use the crops after spraying? Yes, provided that the instructions on the product label are followed correctly. For each crop protection product there is a minimum time that must pass before the plants can be safely used by humans. This is normally referred to as the PHI on the product instruction pamphlet and indicates the period that has to pass from the last date of application before the plants can be harvested safely. Where can I buy these products? Bayer Zambia has several distribution points throughout the country, and also supplies products to other distributors within the agricultural industry. For more information on how you can benefit, call Henry Mutelo on +26-096-759-6475 or send an e-mail to Henry.mutelo@ bayer.com, or contact Emmanuel Banda on +26-096-360-4694 or send an e-mail to emmanuel. banda@bayer.com. 17

WORK HARD PLAY HARD Contact us: +27 11 452 0340 sales@woodlandafrica.com

www.woodlandafrica.com www.facebook.com/woodlandafrica www.instagram.com/woodlandexploremore

Woodland is a Pro-Planet company which cares for the environment and uses eco-friendly manufacturing processes. For genuine products, purchase Woodland merchandise from exclusive Woodland showrooms / authorised dealers only.

ProAgri Zambia 64

Rotary tillers are simple but effective: Part 2

The tractor-drawn model and the self-propelled heavy duty rotary tiller

rotary tiller should be regarded as an alternative soil cultivation implement that can function in cooperation with other implements, for example tine implements. Some of the rotary tillers are self-propelled and some are tractor driven. The bigger horizontal axis rotary tiller consists of a frame that is attached to the three-point-hitch of a tractor. A gearbox is mounted onto the frame, and the gearbox is driven by the PTOshaft of a tractor (see Figure 1). A horizontal shaft, with sets of blades, is mounted at the bottom of the frame and the power is transferred from the PTO-shaft of the tractor, via the gearbox to the rotor. The blades on the rotor chop into the soil and also mixes the soil with plant residue that gathers at the surface of the soil. The rotor speed of all the rotary tillers can be changed and the change is normally done on the gearbox with a lever or by exchanging the gears inside the gearbox (see Figure 2). There are different types of blades and the blades are usually attached to flanges that are welded onto the round axle of the rotor. Certain models, however, have square axles and the flanges are bolted onto the square axles. The distances between these flanges can therefore be changed easily (see Figure 3).

Figure 1: A tractor drawn rotary tiller in action.

ProAgri Zambia 64

Figure 2: The gearbox is mounted on top of the frame. The gears are changed by moving the lever. The number of blades per flange determines the blade formation. If there are four blades per flange, it is called a double blade formation, whereas six blades per flange is called a threeblade formation. The outer two flanges usually have only two or three blades in total. Rotary tillers, powered by the tractor’s PTO-shaft, are the most common types used on farms. Models are available for tractors from 15 to 120 kW and in a wide variety of widths and operating depths. Although most rotary tillers are 20

Figure 3: The flanges are welded onto a round axle and the blades are bolted to the flanges.

used for both primary and secondary tillage, some are built for secondary (heavy) tillage only. The lighter-duty units may be used for primary tillage in lighter soils without heavy trash, but are basically designed for seedbed preparation and planting. The rotor flanges and blades may be rearranged to permit broadcasting or strip tillage. The flanges can also be rearranged, after planting, to allow cultivation of the fields (weed control) when the crop is still very small. Most rotary tillers are mounted on the three-point-hitch of a tractor and

driven by the PTO-shaft. However, larger rotary tillers are normally attached to the two bottom links of a tractor’s three-point-hitch, especially those that are equipped with planters or spray tanks. These semi-mounted rotary tillers improve the tractor’s stability by maintaining more weight on the tractor’s front wheels during the transporting process. Rotary tillers that are semi-mounted on tractors have castor wheels, or transport wheels, that also serve as depth control wheels. When a rotary tiller is semi-mounted on a tractor, the top

ProAgri Zambia 64

link of the three-point-linkage system is not used and this permits flexibility between the tractor and the cultivator. To loosen the soil to a greater depth, some rotary tillers are equipped with chisel tines at the rear and these tines

can be adjusted to work from 8 to 25 cm below the depth of the rotor blades. These tines will break up a plough pan, loosen tight soils for better root penetration, and counteract the forward thrust of the rotor.

Packer rollers, or clod rollers, can also be mounted at the rear of some of the rotary tillers to act as seedbed shapers (see Figure 4). The tractor-drawn model with auxiliary engine for the tiller: In some cases, tractor drawn rotary tillers are fitted with engines to drive the rotor, of the tiller while the tractor is pulling the tiller over the field. The advantage of this tiller is that no power is required from the tractor to drive the rotor which means that a smaller tractor can be used. The disadvantages of this tiller however, is that it is more expensive than a rotary tiller of the same size, where the rotor is also driven from the tractor’s engine. The maintenance costs, on auxiliary engine tillers are also much higher. The self-propelled heavy duty rotary tiller These heavy duty models are mostly used in construction and road building, and there is a small application for agricultural purposes (see Figure 5). Next month we shall look at the rotary tiller applications. We thank the ARC Agricultural Engineering in South Africa who made the information on rotary tillers available to the readers of ProAgri Zambia.

Figure 4: A packer roller is mounted at the back of the rotary tiller.

Figure 5: A self-propelled rotary tiller. ProAgri Zambia 64

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KARAT 12 THE IDEAL CHOICE FOR MAXIMUM VERSATILITY

The Karat intensive cultivator is the all-rounder among cultivators. Its interchangeable shares make it the perfect choice for shallow and medium-depth stubble cultivation and topsoil loosening for mulch tillage:  23 cm line distance for optimal loosening and intensive mixing  Hydraulic traction booster for reduced fuel consumption  Working depths from 5–30 cm  Range of different shares, including carbide-coated shares for high acreage performance Contact your nearest area sales manager to find out more about LEMKEN Karel Munnik, director + area sales manager, 082 412 2577, k.munnik@lemken.com Blackie Swart, area sales manager, 082 404 9651, b.swart@lemken.com

ProAgri Zambia 64

The 5E 3-cylinder tractor Get the job done faster with higher productivity and lower

maintenance cost. Experience the difference with a durable synchronized transmission and various high quality features.

Available in 55 - 75 horsepower (41 - 56 kW).

Contact your nearest dealer.

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JohnDeereAfrica

ProAgri Zambia 64

No matter what you farm with, John Deere has what you need

Article supplied

here is no need to accept second best just because you are farming on a smaller scale. John Deere has developed the new 5E Series 3-cylinder tractors especially for the small-scale farmer. John Deere has gone to great lengths to build the ideal tractor for smaller livestock operations, intensive grassland work, wide orchards and vineyards, smallholdings, and part-time farming. The 5E 3 Cylinder is a perfect example of how attentive John Deere is to their customers' feedback and understanding of individual requirements. Easy to operate and maintain, the 5E 3 Cylinder tractor gives you all the quality and ruggedness you expect from a John Deere. Highly efficient, proven technology – in fact, 100% John Deere engineering. These 3-cylinder tractors define new standards of performance and economy at an affordable price. These cost-effective machines will show you their true worth with their hard work in the field or yard, and their abilities in vineyards, orchards or municipal services. Experience the 5E Series: Rated Power: 41 kW (55 hp), 48 kW (65 hp), and 56 kW (75 hp). Powerful and economical: 2,9-litre, 3-cylinder, John Deere PowerTech engine turbo charged with 3 different transmission options available (55 to 75 hp). Your choice of drive: Two-wheel or four-wheel drive. Compact and agile: Tight turning

circle (3,6 m) open station with foldable roll-over protection bar. Available in cab configuration. Fuel saver: The 540/540 Economy PTO allows operators to select the engine rpm for reduced fuel consumption, reduced noise levels, reduced vibration, and less wear on the engine, while keeping the proper 540 rpm at the PTO. Lift capacity: 1,8 tonnes at hitch ball. Versatile: Wide range of attachments and implements. Easy front loader operation: Joystick and optimised gear change. First-class as standard: Rear work lights, rear SCV with cross-lever operation, full set of mudguards, et cetera. Custom-built option: Talk to your John Deere dealer and specify the tractor that is exactly right for you. One of the great strengths of the new John Deere 5E Series tractors is their exceptional versatility. It makes them the perfect all-rounders for many different applications such as ground preparation, tilling, sowing and all major and minor tasks on smallholdings and smaller livestock farms including: • Dairy farms • Specialist horticultural businesses • Landscaping in gardens and parks • Local authorities • All types of front loader work This is where they can show their outstanding versatility and manoeuvrability, their strength when it comes to lifting heavy loads and their exceptional stability thanks to optimised load

ProAgri Zambia 64

distribution. Whether you are a full or part time farmer, smallholder or grower, a John Deere 5E Series tractor is an inspired choice. The 3-cylinder John Deere PowerTech engine of the 5E Series tractor with its turbocharged and 2,9-litre capacity offers high performance as well as optimum fuel efficiency. Its integrated turbocharger compresses the intake air, thereby providing more oxygen for combustion. Thus, you get more performance for less fuel. The onepiece, tilting engine hood on the 5E Series tractors opens wide to give easy access to all maintenance points. John Deere has the answer to your challenges. John Deere is committed to keeping you up and running. That is why our products and technologies are quality-built, state-of-the-art and efficient. We have invested generously in building an effective dealer network so we can be like a good neighbour: there to help when you need us. All our dealer staff are John Deere trained. They know every nut and bolt on your equipment, and they are skilled at diagnosing any potential problems.

Interested in learning more about the John Deere 5E 3 Cylinder tractor? Contact your nearest John Deere dealer or visit the John Deere website https:// www.deere.com/sub-saharan/en/ index.html.

THE FALCON ROTAVATOR AND BEDFORMER THE THE FALCON FALCON ROTAVATOR ROTAVATOR AND AND BEDFORMER BEDFORMER Uniquely manufactured in South Africa, making the process Uniquely Uniquely manufactured manufactured in in South South Africa, Africa, making making thethe process process of forming beds easier, quicker and more precise. of of forming forming beds beds easier, easier, quicker quicker and and more more precise. precise. The standard bedformer with two furrow The The standard standard bedformer bedformer withwith two two furrow furrow formers. formers. formers.

We developed the new bedformer with We We developed developed the the newnew bedformer bedformer withwith an additional central furrow former which an additional an additional central central furrow furrow former former which which allows the farmer to create two seedbeds allows allows the farmer the farmer to create to create two two seedbeds seedbeds in a single pass. in a single in a single pass.pass.

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CONTACT US TO FIND YOUR NEAREST AGENT Paul de Korte + 27 82 888 1877 + 27 18 431 2171/2 Spare parts + 27 62 392 1748 *Limpopo & Mpumalanga Hendri de Korte HEAD OFFICE

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ProAgri Zambia 64

Falcon – ideal solutions for soil cultivation and bedforming T

ough. Reliable. Durable. These are but a few of the characteristics attributed to Falcon’s range of tillage and seedbed preparation equipment. Taking centre stage are Falcon’s Rotavator and Bedformer. Both the Rotavator and Bedformer are designed and manufactured with the demanding conditions of the African continent in mind and offer spot-on solutions to various soil preparation challenges. These challenges include impacted earth, root bound by weeds, or dense, heavy soils. By combining soil cultivation with bedforming not only saves time and reduce fuel consumption but also improves operational efficiency.

Article supplied

Falcon Rotavator The Falcon Rotavator is the ideal implement for cash crop farmers who need to bury and incorporate crop residues quickly, between crops. The rotor turns at the optimum speed for all cultivation operations and the required tilth can be obtained by adjusting the forward speed and the setting of the rear deflector. Blades can be mounted in a three-bladed configuration for a fine tilth or in a two-bladed configuration for a coarser finish. The applications of this versatile implement include seedbed preparation – from coarse to fine, on uncultivated, ripped or ploughed soil, green manuring, fertiliser incorporation, weeding, stubble mulching, planting kikuyu grass, preparing playing fields, landscaping and soil stabilisation for roads. The range is suited to tractors rated from 35 to 60 kW and offers working widths from 1,25 to 2 m and a maximum working depth of ±300 mm. All rotavators are supplied with a PTO shaft and torque limiting slip clutch, central and offset mounting points, depth control skids, parking stand and a complete set of blades. Falcon Bedformer The Bedformer’s adjustable forming elements, mounted on the frame of the rotavator, creates a bed at the width required for a particular crop and the rear flap leaves a perfect level bed so that planting can commence immediately. The F175 and F200 rotavators also have as an option, a bedformer with an additional central former which allows you to create two, narrower seedbeds in a single pass. This bedformer was specifically developed to assist vegetable farmers who requires additional row spacing. ProAgri Zambia 64

For more information visit www.falconequipment.co.za

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ProAgri Zambia 64

Turn your crops into condiments and seasonings Part 6.4:

Grinding, distillation, and centrifugation of ginger (Image: pexels.com) Grinding Grinding involves exposing dried products to friction and pressure to produce a fine powder. Before extraction of the oil can take place, the dried rhizomes are ground.

Ground ginger. (Image: nuts.com)

Size reduction of dry food products:

Ball mills: The ball mill consists of a slowly rotating, horizontal steel cylinder that is half-filled with steel balls. The balls have a diameter of 2,5 to 15 cm. At low speeds, or when small balls are used, shearing forces predominate, while when larger balls are used or at higher speeds, impact forces predominate. The rod mill has rods instead of balls in order to overcome problems associated with the balls sticking in adhesive food products.

Disc mills: Disc mills come in a large number of designs, but all types employ shearing forces for fine grinding or shearing and impact forces for coarser grinding: a. Single-disc mills are mills in which the food product passes through an adjustable gap between a stationary casing and a grooved disc that rotates at high speed. b. Double-disc mills are mills in which two discs rotate in opposite directions to produce greater shearing forces. c. Pin-and-disc mills are mills that have intermeshing pins fixed to either the single disc and casing, or to double discs. Hammer mills: The hammer mill consists of a cylindrical chamber, which is fitted with a toughened steel breaker plate, and a

high-speed rotor is then fitted inside the chamber. This rotor is fitted with hammers along its length. When the mill is in operation, the food is disintegrated mainly by impact forces as the hammers drive it against the breaker plate. In some mill designs, the exit from the mill may be restricted by a screen and the food product remains in the mill until the particles are small enough to pass through the screen apertures. Roller mills: In this mill two or more steel rollers revolve towards each other and pull food particles through the space between the rollers (the nip). The main force involved is compression, but when the rollers are rotated at different speeds, or if the rollers are fluted, in other words have shallow ridges along the length of the roller, an additional

A roller mill. (Image: monsterbrewinghardware.com) A ball mill. (Image: energosteel.com) 30

ProAgri Zambia 64

shearing effect is exerted on the food product. The size of the nip may be adjusted for different food types, and overload springs protect the mill against accidental damage from metal or stones. Distillation Distillation is the purification of a liquid using evaporation and condensation processes. Essential oil is distilled from the dried, ground rhizomes by means of steam distillation.

An industrial centrifuge used in the processing of ginger oil. (Image: alibaba.com)

A small ginger distillation plant to extract essential oils. (Image: kosbest.com) In the oldest and simplest method of steam distillation, a direct flame heats a vessel containing water and chopped or crushed plant material. The water vapour as well as volatile oil are then recovered by a water-cooled condenser. In the more modern method, steam under pressure is passed through the prepared plant material and the volatile oils are condensed along with the water. Steam may also be bled directly into the boiler for distillation. In order to avoid thermal decomposition of lower-boiling constituents, the steam pressure is increased only gradually. The distillation temperature with the use of water or steam at atmospheric pressure is usually slightly under 100 °C and can be reduced further by drawing a partial vacuum on the still. Centrifugation Centrifugation is the process by which liquid samples are spun around at high speed to cause the accelerated settling of particles in suspension. The water and oil phases are separated from one another.

Liquid-liquid centrifuges: The simplest type of liquid-liquid centrifuge is the tubular bowl centrifuge, which consists of a vertical cylinder, 0,1 m in diameter and 0,75 m long, that rotates inside a stationary casing at between 15 000 and 50 000 rpm, depending on the diameter. The feed liquid, such as animal and vegetable oils, is introduced continuously at the base of the bowl and the two liquids are then separated into annular layers, the denser liquid being nearer to the bowl wall. The separated liquids are discharged separately through a circular weir system into stationary outlets. However, as the relatively thick annular layers cause some disruption to the flow patterns, better separation is obtained through the use of a disc bowl centrifuge as this centrifuge forms thinner layers of liquid. The disc bowl centrifuge consists of a cylindrical bowl, 0,2 to 1,2 m in diameter, which contains inverted metal cones or discs. These discs have a fixed clearance of between 0,5 and 1,27 mm and rotate at speeds of between 2 000 and

7 000 rpm. The discs have matching holes that form flow channels for liquid movement. The feed liquid is introduced at the base of the disc stack and the denser fraction then moves towards the wall of the bowl, along the underside of the discs, while the lighter fraction is displaced towards the centre along the upper surfaces. The liquid streams are then removed continuously by a weir system at the top of the centrifuges similar to that of the tubular bowl system.

Next month we shall look at Guacamole. Published with acknowledgement to the ARC Agricultural Engineering for the use of their manuals. Visit www. arc.agric.za for more information.

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Purified ginger oil. (Image: ginger-oil-gingerol.com)

ProAgri Zambia 64

NoseRing® is available at Livestock Services, Lusaka – Pamodzi Highway, off Nangwenya Road, Showgrounds; Tel: 0211-254497 / 254024; E-mail: admin@livestock.co.zm

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Zambian Pig Genetics is the distributor of Topigs Norsvin genetics in central Africa. Built on our global research, innovation and absolute commitment to integrity and biosecurity, our close partnership approach means your farm benefits directly from our experience, energy and passion. The only SPF pig herd in Zambia, which means we supply pigs that are free of diseases such as mycoplasma and APP.

Introducing the TN70 • The TN70 is a cross between the Topigs Large White and the Norsvin Landrace.

Characteristics • Highly prolific, easy in use sow • Amazing weaning ability • Top contribution to finishing pig quality • Produces large litters of strong, uniform

TN70 & TN Tempo: The ultimate combination • TN Tempo brings robustness, uniformity and fast growth potential • The TN70 is an excellent mother which strengthens these qualities by contributing the best feed efficiency to the finisher compared to any other sow in the world • Together, the TN Tempo and TN70 offer you the potential to produce the most output against the lowest cost, combination unrivaled.

THE TRUSTED COMPANY THAT'S A BREED APART. GENETICS | TECHNOLOGY | SERVICE +260 762 589 884 | +260 972 788 521 | jgwolhuter@gmail.com The TN70 will be replacing the TN60 as the parent sow from week of birth 10 with delivery to clients commercing in May 2020.

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ProAgri Zambia 64

ZAMBIAN PIG GENETICS: MEET OUR SALES AND TECHNICAL ADVISOR AND INDEPENDENT VETERINARIAN FRANCISCO KASUBA is ZPG’s Sales and Technical advisor. He provides support for pig farmers in and around Zambia, specifically to those who are involved in artificial insemination (AI) and those who bought breeding animals from Zambian Pig Genetics Ltd. Francisco’s support includes: • AI demonstrations with TN Tempo boar semen • Farm visits • Breeding advice • Free consultancy to ZPG (Topigs Norsvin) clients • Pig production techniques

FRANCISCO KASUBA

Sales and Technical Advisor at the ZPG Topigs Norsvin production unit in Chisamba.

Francisco is excited and optimistic about the newly bred TN70 gilt/sow. He praises the TN70’s excellent mothering abilities, heavy birth weights, and large litter sizes compared to previous TN60 gilts and other breeds on the market. Francisco further mentions that the TN70 gilt shows more prominent signs during pre-heat and post-heat periods, making them easier to breed than other animals. Farmers should consider introducing the TN70 gilt to their herd to maximize their production.

DR. PIOUS SIMFUNKWE is ZPG’s (Topigs Norsvin) independent veterinarian who has been on board since 2018. He assists ZPG farmers across the country with artificial insemination, with an average of 10 to 15 gilts every week. Dr. Simfunkwe is satisfied with the results of introducing the “TN Tempo Boar Semen” to pig herds of different Zambian pig farmers. His clients are impressed with the results of using TN Tempo Boar semen: • Improved uniformity • Excellent growth rate • Increased litter sizes

DR. PIOUS SIMFUNKWE

assisting a Zambian pig farmer with insemination using the TN Tempo Boar semen.

Dr. Simfunkwe encourages pig farmers to introduce TN Tempo Boar semen to their herds for improved production, especially for herds struggling to achieve desired market weights. Contact Dr. Simfunkwe: +26 (0) 97-716-0562

TN TEMPO BOAR

Known for producing uniform, robust and excellent weights in its offspring.

FOR MORE INFORMATION OR TO ORDER WORLD CLASS GENETICS, CONTACT: Johan Wolhuter +609 727 8521 johan@crczambia.com

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ProAgri Zambia 64

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Distributors of Dekalb maize seed DKC 80-33 DKC 90-89 DKC 80-53 DK777

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ProAgri Zambia 64

For more information contact: sales@rototankzambia.co.zm 0960 567 058 / 0971 926 953 www.facebook.com/RototankZambia

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Roto Tanks also supply storage tanks, pipes, fittings, floaters, pontoons & more

ProAgri Zambia 64

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ProAgri Zambia 64

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ProAgri Zambia 64

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ProAgri Zambia 64

NERIA’S INVESTMENTS LTD LEADERS IN AGRO COMMODITY TRADING THE MOST AFFORDABLE P R I C E S O F CO M P O U N D D A N D U R E A I N T H E CO U N T R Y

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ProAgri Zambia 64

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ProAgri Zambia 64

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ProAgri Zambia 64

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ProAgri Zambia 64

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ProAgri Zambia 64

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Articles inside

No matter what you farm with, John Deere has what you need

Valley: The pivot that keeps going season after season

Rotary tillers are simple but effective Part 2: The tractor-drawn model and the

Cattle farmers benefit from Reinke irrigation

The farmer’s guide to colostrum testing: Ensure your calves get what they need

Bayer shapes the future of agriculture through innovative products

Feed your cattle for success - with Rumax's support

FieldNET and Zimmatic: a winning combination for Namibian farmer

Keep your horses strong and fit with Novatek Horse Feed