...................... Ih¿tÃmdn
tPmk^v ]\-®n-bn¬
""A°m-cy-Øn¬
a
\xkm-£nbpsS Nq≠p-hn-c-epIƒ \ap°v FXn¿ \n¬°p-tºmƒ c£-s]-Sm≥ ]cym-]vX-amb Hcp Hfn-hn-S-hpw C√ -X-s∂. F∂m¬ A\pXm] lyZbØmsS tbip{InkvXphns‚ bmK_enbn¬ icWs∏Sp∂h¿°v ]m]£abpsS Bizmkap≠v.
F\n°v Hcp Ip‰t_m-[h - p-an-√. Rm≥ sNbvXXv icn-bmWv F∂v Fs‚ a\:- k m£n F\n°v Dd∏p \ev I p∂p.'' N¶p-‰-tØm-sS-bp≈ Cu {]kvXm-h\ ]t£ Fs∂ Akz-ÿ-\m-°n. c≠p t]¿ XΩn-ep≈ kmº-ØnI CS-]m-SmWv hnjbw {]iv\w cay-ambn ]cn-lc - n-°p-hm-\p≈ {ia-Øn\n-S-bn¬ c≠p-t]cpw a\xkm-£nsb km£n \n¿Øn \ymbo-Ic - W - ß - ƒ \nc-Øp-Ib - m-bn. HSphn¬ Rm≥ ]d-™p. \n߃ a\xkm£n {]Imc-amWv sNbvXXv F∂Xv icn-bmbncn°mw. icnsb∂v t_m≤y- a p- ≈ Xv \n߃ sNbv X p. F∂m¬ \nß-fpsS a\xkm-£n°v icn-bm-bXp-sIm≠v am{Xw Hcp Imcyw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ icn-bm-IWw F∂n-√. {]iv\w kmh-[m\w ]cnl-cn®p F¶nepw hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ KXnhn-KX - n-Isf \n¿Æn-bn-°p∂ a\xkm£n-bpsS ck-X{¥w At\z-j-W-hn-t[-b-am-°-W-sa∂v F\n°p tXm∂n. Hcp]mSv XXz-im-kv{X, -a-\-im-kv{X-hn-i-I-e\-߃°v hnt[-b-am-bn´p≈ hnj-b-amWv a\xkm£n AYhm A¥x-I-cWw. a\x-km£nbpsS cq]o-I-cWw kw_-‘n®v aq∂v hyXykvX Nn¥I-fmWv s]mXp-sh-bp-≈-Xv. ]cn-Wm-a-hmZn-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ Iq´-ambn \nev°m\p≈ Xzc-°\ - p-kr-Xa - mbn a\p-jy-\n¬ hf¿∂p-
a\-x:km£n
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46
hgnbpw kXyhpw
sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ 2012 ` Ìi`ÊÜ Ì ÊÌ iÊ`i ÊÛiÀÃ Ê vÊ v ÝÊ*À Ê* Ê ` Ì ÀÊ / ÊÀi ÛiÊÌ ÃÊ Ì Vi]ÊÛ Ã Ì\Ê ÜÜÜ°pdfed t ng°V
h∂ kl-P-t_m-[-amWv icn s-X-‰pI-sf°-p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m[w (materialistic view). AXm-bXv ]cn-Wm-aZi-bnse Hcp am\-kn-I-L-´-sØbmWv a\xkm£n kqNn-∏n-°p-∂X - v. GsXmcp arKhpw _p≤n-]-c-ambn hnI-kn-®m¬ a\p-jy-\p-≈X - p-t]mse a\- x km£n D≠m- I p- a mbncp∂psh∂mWv Um¿hn≥ Nn¥n- ® - X v . F∂m¬ kv]nt\m-k, slsK¬, _´ve¿, Im‚ v apX-emb XXz-Nn-¥I¿ a\xkm-£nsb Hcp BXy-¥nI {]amW-am-bmWv I≠-Xv (idealistic view). CX\pkcn®v a\xkm£n a\pjy krjvSn-b-√. AXv a\p-jy-Xz-sØ \n¿Δ-Nn-°p∂ ASn-ÿm\ khn-tij-X-bm-Wv. Cu \nb-a-hy-h-ÿsb am\n-°p-∂n-StØ a\p-jyXzw ]q¿ÆX {]m]n-°p-I-bp-≈p. \mkvXn-INn-¥-I¿ s]mXpsh a\xkm-£nsb kaql Pohn-XsØ kqK-a-am-°p∂ Hcp s]mXp-{I-ao-I-c-W-am-bn-´mWv IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv(Pragmatic view). Hcp kaq-lØ - nse icn as‰mcp kaql-Øn¬ sX‰m-Ip-∂-Xpw Hcp ImesØ sX‰p-Iƒ ]n∂oSv icn-bm-Ip∂-Xp-sams° AXn\p sXfn-hp-Ifmbn tPm¨tem-°v, tXmakv tlm_vkv apX-em-b-h¿ Nq≠n-°m-´n. AXp-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS A`n-{]m-bØn¬ a\xkm£n Fs∂mcp AXy¥nI {]am-W-an√. Hmtcm kaq-lØn-s‚bpw s]mXp-A`- n-{]mbw am{Xam-WX - v.
kz
¥w a\xkm-£n°v icn-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v am{Xw Hcp Imcyw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ icn-bm-IWw F∂n-√.
.................................................................................................................................................................... sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ 2012
hgnbpw kXyhpw
47
a\-:km-£n-bpsS cq]o-I-c-Whpw hf¿®bpw GXp-hn-[a - m-bn-cp-∂mepw kqK-aa - mb a\pjy Pohn-XØ - n\v a\:km-£nsb BZ-cn-t°-≠Xv A\n-hmcy-am-sW∂ bmYm¿∞yw s]mXpsh F√m-hcpw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p. CXn\v FXncp \nev°p-∂Xv k¿Δm-[n-]X - ykz-`m-h-ap≈ cmjv{Sob ho£-Wßfpw aX-ho-£W - ß - f - p-am-W.v AXmbXv a\- : km£n°v icn- s b∂ v t_m≤y-ap≈Xv hniz-kn-°p-hm\pw A\p-h¿Øn-°p-hm\pw F√m-h¿°pw kzmX{¥y-ap-≠v. AXv a‰-≈-hcpsS AtX kzmX-{¥ysØ l\n°p∂ hn[-am-I-cpXv F∂p-am-{Xw. AXp-sIm≠mWv a\:-km£n kzmX{¥yw (freedom of conscience) F∂ Bibw kIe \nba \n¿Ωm-Wß - fp-tSbpw ASn-ÿm\ LSI-ambn ]cn-jvIrX temIw AwKo-I-cn-®n-cn°p-∂X - v.
ss__nƒ a\xkm£n F∂ ]Zw ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ap∏Xv XhW D]-tbmKn-®n-´p-≠v. AXn¬ ]sØm≥]Xpw ]utem-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fn-em-Wv. kpss\-tU-knkv F∂ {Ko°paqe]-Z-Øn\v s]mXp-hmbn Adn-bpI F∂mWv A¿∞-hn-h£ - . [m¿Ωn-Iamb icn-sX-‰p-Isf kw_-‘n-®p≈ Hcp s]mXp-hmb Ah-t_m-[-sØbmWv a\-:km£n F∂v \mw hnfn°p-∂-Xv. XXz-Nn-¥-I-\mb CΩm-\pth¬ Im‚ns‚ A`n{]m-bØ - n¬ Hcp hy‡n- b psS D≈n¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂ tImS-Xn-bmWv a\:-km-£n. Hcp Imcyw sNøp-∂Xv icntbm sXt‰m F∂v Nq≠n°-mW - n-°p-Ibpw icn- sN-bvXm¬ AwKo-Ic - n-°p-Ibpw sX‰v sNbvXm¬ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv a\-:km-£n-bpsS [¿Ωam-W.v [m¿Ωn-I-amb icnbpw sX‰pw AYhm \∑bpw Xn∑bpw XΩn-
i
cn-Ifpw sX‰p-Ifpw Ds≠∂v am{X-a√ AXv XΩn-ep≈ hkvXp-\n-jvTamb hyXn-cn-‡X Xncn-®- dnbm-\p≈ khn-ti-j-kz`m-h-ap≈ a\p-jy≥ B sXc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ KpWtZm-j-߃°v DØ-c-hm-Znbp-am-Wv.
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48
hgnbpw kXyhpw
sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ 2012
Conscience is God present
ep≈ A¥cw {Kln-°p∂ coXn-bnemWv ssZhw a\p-jys\ cq]-Iev]\ sNbvX-Xv. AXm-bXv {Inkv X ob ho£- W - { ]- I mcw a\:km£n Hcp ]cn- W m- a - Z - i - t bm, kmaqly DS-º-Sntbm A√. ssZhØns‚ cq]-I-ev]-\-bm-Wv. arK-ßfn¬ \n∂v hyXy- k v X - a mbn Hcp [m¿Ωn-I-hr-‡n-Xz-ap-≈-h-\m-bmWv a\p-jy≥ krjvSn-°-s∏-´-Xv. icnIfpw sX‰p-Ifpw Ds≠∂v am{Xa√ AXv XΩn-ep≈ hkvXp-\n-jvTamb hyXn-cn-‡X Xncn-®d - n-bm-\p≈ khn-ti-j-kz-`m-h-ap≈ a\p-jy≥ B sXc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ KpW-tZm-j߃°v DØ-c-hm-Zn-bp-am-Wv; a\:km£n F∂-Xp-sIm≠v A¿∞-am°p- ∂ Xv CXm- W v . a\p- j ys\ \nkvXp-ey-\m-°p∂ kp{]-[m\LSIhpw Cu [m¿ΩnI khn-ti-j-Xbm-Wv. Dev]Øn ]pkvX-I-Ønse a\p- j y- k r- j v S n- b psS hnh- c Ww Xs∂ CXv hy‡-am-°p-∂p. tXm´-Ønse kIe hr£-ß-fpsSbpw ^ew \n\°v CjvSw-t]mse Xn∂mw. F∂m¬ \∑-Xn-∑I - sfIpdn®p≈ Adn-hns‚ hr£-Øns‚ ^ew Xn∂-cp-Xv. Xn∂p∂ \mfn¬ \o acn°pw. (Dev]Øn 2:16,17) a\-:km-£n-bpsS aq∂p-X-e-߃ ChnsS ImWmw. icnIfpw sX‰pIfpw, sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n-\p≈ A\phmZw, ]cn-WnX ^e-߃°p≈ DØ-ch - m-ZnXzw. BZmw ]m]w sNbvXXn\p tijw ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v HmSnsbm-fn-°p-∂Xpw a\:km£n-bpsS i‡-amb km∂n-[y-Øn\v sXfn-hmWv. sX‰v e÷-bn-te°pw `b-Ønte°pw Hfn-t®m-´-Øn-te°pw \bn°p-∂p.
in man
icnbpw sX‰pw
A clear conscience is a sure sign of bad memory. - Mark Twain
Love is too young to know what conscience is. - William Shakespheare
-Victor Hugo
icn sX‰p-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Aht_m[w F√m-h¿°pw D≠v F∂Xv icn-bm-sW-¶nepw F¥mWv icn,
.................................................................................................................................................................... sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ 2012
hgnbpw kXyhpw
49
F¥mWv sX‰v F∂v \n¿Δ-Nn-°phm-\p≈ ASn-ÿm\w F¥m-Wv? F\n°v icn-sb∂v tXm∂p-∂XpsImt≠m, CjvS-am-b-Xp-sIm-t≠m, em`-Ic - a - m-bX -- p-sImt≠m, Hcp Imcyw icn-bm-IW - s - a-∂n-√. a\p-jy-a\ - :-km£n-bn¬ A¥¿eo-\a - m-bn-bc - n-°p∂ kXyw, \oXn, hniz-kvX-X, kzmX{¥yw, Zb F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ aqeyß-fmWv icn-sX-‰p-Isf \n¿Δ-Nn°p∂ ASn-ÿm-\-߃. DZm-l-c-Wambn kXy-amWv icn, \oXn-bmWv icn, hniz-kvX-X-bmWv icn F∂ km¿Δ-{XnI Ah-t_m[w P∑kn-≤am-Wv. F√mIm-eØpw Fhn-sS-bpap≈ a\p- j y¿°v CXv icn- b msW∂v a\- n-em-Ip-sa∂v am{X-a√ a\p-jys‚ \ne-\n¬∏n\v CXv A\nhm-cy-hp-am-Wv. CXn-\¿∞w F√mhcpw Cu aqey-߃°-\p-kc - n®v icnbm-bn-´mWv Pohn-°p-∂Xv F∂-√. Cu aq√y-ß-fpsS ASnÿm\]-c-Xsb \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-\mbn kpt_m-[ap≈ Bcp-an√ F∂m-Wv. kam-\hpw km¿Δ-{Xn-Ihpw A\nhm-cy-hp-amb Cu aq√y hyh-ÿnXn ]cn-Wm-aØ - nse Hcp L´-tam, shdpsamcp kmaq-ly-D-S-º-Sntbm A√ ssZh-Z-Ø-amb khn-ti-j-X-bmWv F∂mWv {InkvXo-bX ka¿∞n-°p∂-Xv. kXyhpw \oXn-bpw, kzmX{¥yhpw, Zbbpw, hniz-kvX-Xbpw, kvt\l-hp-am-Wv \∑ F∂Xv ssZhw a\p-jy-\n¬ ]Xn® aq{Z-bm-W.v PmXn aX h¿§ h¿Æ Ime tZi-hy-Xymk-sat\y F√mh-cnepw Cu ap{Z-bp≠v. AXp-Xs - ∂bpw ssZhw a\p-jy\p-th-≠n-bp-≠m-°nb Hcp ]pXnb hyh-ÿn-Xn-b√-, {]XypX ssZhØns‚ kz`mhw Xs∂-bm-W-Xv. {XntbI ssZh-Øns‚ [m¿ΩnI kz`m-hØ - ns‚ kmZr-iyØn¬ Xs∂bmWv a\p-jy-s\bpw cq]-I-ev]-\sNbvXXv F∂v kmcw. \ΩpsS kzcq-]-Øn¬ \ΩpsS kmZr-iy-{]-
a
\xkm£n-bpsS A\p-im-k-\-ßsf \nc¥cw Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-hcn¬ a\xkm£n kmh[m\w kwkm-cn°msXbmIpw. icn-sX-‰pIsf Ipdn-®p≈ A¥xI-c-W-Øns‚ {]tNm-Z-\-߃ Adn-bphm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w Ah-cpsS a\w Xg-ºn®v t]mIp-∂p. sX‰p-Iƒ Ah¿s°mcp kzm`mhnI ioe-am-Ipw. sX‰pIƒ icn-sb∂v tXm∂pw. Hcp Ip‰-t_m-[hpw tXm∂n-sb∂v hcn-I-bn-√.
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50
hgnbpw kXyhpw
sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ 2012
Imcw a\p-jys\ D≠m-°pI F∂Xn¬ Cu [m¿ΩnI kam-\-Xbpw A¥¿eo-\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Npcp-°Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ icn-If - mWv a\qjy-s‚bpw icn-Iƒ. a\q-jys‚ a\:km-£nsb \nb-{¥n-°p∂ Im‰-tKmdn-°¬ Cw]-c-‰o-hv. ssZh-Øns‚ CjvSm-\n-jSv ß - ƒX-s∂-bm-W.v AXpsIm-≠mWv hnIvS¿ lyqtKm FgpXn-bXv Conscience is God's presence in man.
\√ a\x-km£n Ata-cn-°≥ {]kn-U-≠m-bn-cp∂ BUwkv Hcn-°¬ Hcp `qcn-]£ Xocp-am-\Ø - n\v FXn-cmb \ne-]m-sSSp- Ø - X n- \ p- I m- c - W - a mbn Cßs\ ]d™p: ""Fs‚ t_mkv AXn-\pk-Ω-Xn-°p-∂n√.'' Bfp-Iƒ A¤pX-s∏-´p-]d - ™p: ""F¥v Ata-cn-°≥ {]kn-U-≠n\p t_mtkm? Bcm-Wbmƒ?''BUwkv ]d™p: ""Fs‚ a\xkm- £ n.'' a\xkm£n- b psS t_m[y-߃°-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn°p-∂-XmWv ]Iz-XbpsS e£-Ww. a\xkm-£n-bpsS ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Isf Ah-KW - n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿°p Ign-bpI-bn-√. CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-sf-°mfpw, kaq- l - Ø ns‚ \n¿_- ‘ - ß - s f°mfpw A¥:I-c-W-Øns‚ {]tNmZ-\-ßsf ]n¥p-S-cp-hm≥ ss[cy-imen-Iƒt° Ignbq. am¿´n≥ eqYdns‚ kp{]-kn-≤-amb {]kvXm-h-\ AXn\p sXfn-hm-Wv. thmwknse hnNmcWthfbn¬ kz¥w FgpØpIsf X≈n∏dbm≥ Bhiys∏´t∏mƒ At±lw ]d™p, I cannot and will not recant anything. For to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I start I can t do no other, so help me God. Amen. a\xkm-£n-bpsS t_m[y-߃°\p- k - c n®v Pohn- ° p- ∂ - h sc \√a\xkm£n- b p- ≈ - h ¿ F∂mWv ssZh-h-N\w hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
Rm≥ Ct∂-Zn-hk - t- Ømfw tIhew \√ a\xkm-£n-tbmsS ssZh-Øns‚ ap≥]msI \S-∂n-cn-°p-∂p F∂v {]kvXm-hn-°p-tºmƒ A∏kvtXm-e\m-b ]utemkv AXmWv A¿∞am-°p-∂-Xv. \√ a\xkm-£n-tbmsS Pohn-°p-hm≥ Bh¿Øn®p {]t_m[n-∏n°p-tºmƒ a\xkm-£n-bpsS t_m[y-߃°-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°phm-\p≈ B¿÷hXzw Im´Ww F∂mWv A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. (1Xntam 1:5,19, sl{_m 13:18). {InkvXp-hns‚ A∏kvtXm-e\ - m-bn-cp∂ ]t{Xmkpw AXv ]dbp-∂p-≠v. {InkvXp-hn¬ \n߃°p≈ \√ \S-∏ns\ Zpjn°p-∂-h¿ \nßsf ]gn-®p-]-d-bp-∂Xn¬ e÷n-t°-≠-Xn\v \√ a\xkm£n-bp≈hcm-bn-cn-∏n≥ (1- ]t{Xmkv 3:16)
a\xkm-£n-bn-√m-Øh - ¿ Ah≥ a\xkm-£n-bn-√m-Øh - \ - mWv; {Iqc-amb {]hr-Øn-I-ƒ sNøp∂-hsc kaqlw hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xn-ß-s\-bm-Wv. a\xkm-£n-bpsS A\p-im-k-\-ßsf Ah-K-Wn®v X∂n-jSv {- ]-Imcw t]mIp-∂h - c - m-Wn-h¿. {Iqc-amb sIme-]m-XI - ß - fpw, AXn{I- a - ß fpw sNøp- ∂ - h ¿°v AXv sX‰m-sW∂v t_m[y-an-√m-Ø-X-√, a\xkm-£n-bpsS i_vZØ - n\v Ah¿ sNhn AS-®p-If - b - p-Ib - m-Wv. a\xkm£n-bpsS A\p-im-k-\ßsf \nc-¥cw Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-hcn¬ a\xkm£n kmh-[m\w kwkmcn-°msXbmIpw. icn-sX-‰p-Isf Ipdn®p≈ A¥xI-c-W-Øns‚ {]tNm-Z\-߃ Adn-bp-hm≥ Ign-bm-Øh - n[w Ah-cpsS a\w Xg-ºn®v t]mIp-∂p. sX‰p-Iƒ Ah¿s°mcp kzm`m-hnI ioe-am-Ipw. sX‰p-Iƒ icn-sb∂v tXm∂pw. Hcp Ip‰-t_m-[hpw tXm∂n-sb∂v hcn-I-bn-√. sX‰m-sW∂v Bsc-¶nepw ]d-™mepw Ah¿°Xv a\- n-em-hp-Ib - n-√. Ah-km\w Kuc-
.................................................................................................................................................................... sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ 2012
hgnbpw kXyhpw
51
cm≥ Ah-kcw Xo¿∂n-cn-°pw.
hf-cp∂ a\:-km£n
h-amb {]Xym-Lm-Xß - ƒ hcp-tºmƒ am{Xw Nn¥n°pw At∂ a\ p ]d™-XmWv AXv icn-b√ F∂v. a\-:km-£nsb Ah-KW - n®v A]I-S-Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂-Xns\°pdn®v ]dbp-tºmƒ Hcp IY-tbm¿°p-∂p. Hcp Zzo]n¬ ]pXp-Xmbn Xma-kn-- °p-hm≥ h∂ Hcmƒ -Hcp A¥-co-£-a¿±am]n\n- IqsS hmßn-®p. ]pXp-Xmbn ]WnX hoSns‚ `nØn-bn¬ Abmƒ AXp ÿm]n-®p. ]t£ AXns‚ kqNn sImSp-¶m‰v F∂v tcJ-s∏-SpØnb t]mbn‚n¬ DS-°n°-n-S-∂p. ]nt‰Znhkhpw kqNn amdp-∂n-s√∂p I≠-t∏mƒ D]-I-c-W-Øns‚ tISmsW∂v At±lw Dd-∏n-®p. ASpØ t]mÃm-^o-kn¬ t]mbn Iº-\n°v Hcp ]cm-Xn--°sØ-gp-Xn Ab-®p. Xncn®v FØn-b-t∏mƒ ]t£ \n∂ ÿeØv hoSn-√; hkvXp-°-fp-an-√. sImSp-¶m‰v F√mw XI¿Øn-cp-∂p. a¿±-a-m]-n-\n-°-√, kz¥w \nK-a-\߃°mWv sX‰p-]‰- n-bs - X∂v a\- nem-°n-bt- ∏mtg°pw Xma-kn-®p-t]m-bncp-∂p. a\xkm-£nsb Ah-KW - n-°p∂-h-cpsSbpw ÿnXn CXp-X-s∂. sX‰n-bXp a\xkm-£n-°√ F∂v a\- n-em-°p-tºm-tg°pw Xncn-®p-h-
a\:-km£n F√m-h¿°p-ap-s≠¶nepw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw a\:-km£nsb kzm[o-\n-°p∂ {]am-W߃ hyXy-kvXa - m-bn-cn-°mw. Hmtcmcp-Ø-cp-sSbpw [m¿ΩnI IgvN-∏m-SpIƒ°pw temI-ho-£-W-Øn--\pa\pkr-X-ambn a\-km-£n-bpsS hn[nIfpw {]tNm-Z\ - ß - fpw hn`n-∂a - mIpw. Htc Imcyw Hcmƒ°n-jvShpw as‰mcmƒ°-\n-jSv h - p-am-Im-sa-∂X - p-t]mse Htc Imcyw Hcmƒ°v icnbpw asddmcmƒ°v sX‰p-am-Imw. kXyhpw \oXnbpw kvt\l-hp-sam-s°-bmWv icn F∂-dn-bm-sa-¶nepw Pohn-XØns‚ hni-Zmw-i-ß-fnse kXyßfpw \oXnbpw kvt\lhpw Fs¥∂v Xncn- ® - d n- b p- ∂ n- S - Ø mWv \ΩpsS a\-:km-£n-bpsS Cu [mcW-Iƒ ]et∏mgpw `n∂n-°p-∂-Xv. Ahn-sS-bmWv a\-:km£n _e-lo\-am-Ip-∂Xpw ]c-kv]c - h - n-cp-≤a - m-Ip∂-Xpw. Hcp-hs‚ icn as‰m-cmƒ°v sX‰pw Hcp-hs‚ sX‰p as‰m-cp-h\v icn-bm-Ip-∂X - p-sam-s°. Rm≥ sNbvXXv icn-bmWv F∂v F\n°v DØ-a-t_m-≤y-ap≠v F∂v ]d™v \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂-h¿ AdnbmsX t]mIp∂ Hcp Imcy-ap≠v -; \ΩpsS t_m≤y߃ F√mw icnbm-IW - s - a-∂n√ F∂ bmYm¿∞yw. a\p-jy≥ A]q¿Æ-\m-Wv; Ahs‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ sX‰m-Imw, [mc-WIƒ°v ]ng-hp-h-cmw, Adn-hp-Iƒ A_-≤ß - f - m-Imw. a\- ns\ hnim-e-am-°n, ISpw-]nSp-Ø-߃ Dt]-£n®v bp‡n-k-lamb At\z-jW - ß - ƒ°v Xøm-dm-Iphm-\pw, a‰p-≈-h-cpsS A`n-{]m-b߃ am\n-°p-hm\pw D]-tZ-iß - ƒ°v hnt[-b-s∏-Sp-hm-\p-ap≈ k∂-≤X F√m-h¿°pw thWw. \ΩpsS icnIƒ hkvXp-\n-jvTamb icn-X-s∂-
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52
hgnbpw kXyhpw
sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ 2012
bmtWm F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm\p≈ a\ v \mw Hcn-°epw AS-®pI-fb - c - p-Xv. \ΩpsS a\:- k m£n \ΩpsS Adn-hnt\mfw am{Xta hf¿∂n´p≈p F∂v \mw Hm¿°-Ww. \ΩpsS Adnhpw ]cn-⁄m-\hpw h¿≤n-°p∂-X\ - p-kc - n-®,v ImgvN∏ - m-Sp-Iƒ hnime-am-Ip-∂Xn-\\ - p-kc - n®v \ΩpsS Afhp-tIm-ep-Ifpw IqSp-X¬ IrXy-Xb - p≈-Xm-Ipw. A¥:IcWw IqSp-X¬ ]Iz-X-bpw, Bg-hpw, {]Xn-I-c-W-tijn-bpap-≈X - m-Ipw. ap≥]v icn-sb∂v [cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xp ]eXpw sX‰m-sW∂pw, sX‰m-sW∂p Icp-Xnb ]eXpw icn-bm-sW∂pw ht∂-°mw. icnbmbn F∂v hn[n-sb-gp-Xnb Imcyß-fn¬ Xs∂, kq£-va-amb ]e Ipd-hp-Ifpw hi-ßfpw {i≤-bn¬s∏Spw. AXp-sIm≠v hf¿® \n∂pt]mI-cpXv. a\xkm-£nbpw apc-Sn-®p-t]mIm≥ kΩ-Xn-°-cp-Xv. Hcp Xhf Hcp Ipf-Øn¬ Pohn®n-cp-∂p. Nne \o¿t°m-en-∏m-ºp--Ifpw Iptd sNdp-a-’y-ßfpw am{X-ap≈ sNdn-b-Ip-fw. Hcn-°¬ IS-en¬\n∂pw Hcp Xhf B Ipf-Øn-seØn-s∏-´p. IS-ens‚ hnim-e-X-sb°p-dn®pw AXnse FÆ-a‰ Pohnh¿§-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ]d-™-t∏mƒ Ipf-Ønse Xhf AXp- hn-iz-kn-®n√. ImcWw B IpfØn\∏dØp≈ Hcp temIw B Xh-f° - n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. hnth-Im-\-μ≥ ]d™ Cu IY-bpsS KpW-]mTw \ap°v Dƒs°m-≈mw.
{Xm
kv hnd-Ip-I-S-bntetXm kz¿Æ-°S-bntetXm? tamj-Ww, sIme, hy`n-Nmcw XpS-ßnb henb Ip‰-߃ am{Xta Nne-cpsS a\-:km-£n- {Xmkns\ Nen-∏n-°p-I-bp≈p. kzm¿∞-X, Akq-b, \pW,-A-\p-Nn-X-am-b hm°v, t\m´w, Nn¥-Iƒ, sNøm≥ Ign-bmØ \∑Iƒ apX-em-bh Ah-cpsS a\-:km-£nsb Atem-k-cs∏-Sp-Øp-I-bn-√.
{InkvXp-hns‚ a\ v hndIv Xq°n-hn¬°p∂ IS-bnse {Xmkv I≠n-´pt≠m? henb {Xmkv, AXns‚ {Kmans‚ hc-Iƒ°v {]k‡n-bn-√. Hmt∂m ct≠m IntembpsS hyXym-k-sam∂pw AhnsS Imcy-am-°m-dn-√. F∂m¬ kz¿Æ-°S-bnse {Xmkv Aß-s\-b-√. Nn√pIq-´n-emWv sh®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. s]mSn-
]-Se - ß - ƒt]mepw {]iv\a - p-≠m°pw. ImcWw an√n-{Km-ap-Iƒhsc {][m-\s∏-´-Xm-Wv. \ΩpsS a\xkm-£nbpsS {Xmkv hnd-Ip-I-S-bn-tetXm kz¿Æ--°S-bn-tetXm? tamj-Ww, sIme, hy`n-Nmcw XpS-ßnb henb Ip‰-߃ am{Xta Nne-cpsS a\-:km-
.................................................................................................................................................................... sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ 2012
hgnbpw kXyhpw
53
£n-{Xm-kns\ Nen-∏n-°p-I-bp-≈p. kzm¿∞-X, Akq-b, \pW,-A-\p-NnX-am-b -hm°v, t\m´w, Nn¥-Iƒ, sNøm≥ Ign-bmØ \∑-Iƒ apX-embh Ah-cpsS a\-:km-£nsb Atemk-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bn-√. ]utemkv A∏-kvtXm-e≥ FgpXn R߃ {InkvXp-hns‚ a\- p≈-h¿ BIp-∂p. A\nXc km[mc-Wa - mb Hcp amXr-Im-Po-hn-XØ - n-\pS-a-bmb {InkvXp-hns‚ ho£Ww Dƒs°m- ≈ p- ∂ - X - \ p- k - c n®v a\:km£n AXy¥w arZp-hm-bn-Øo-cpw. hy`n-Nm-Ncw ]m]-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂nSØv {InkvXp ]d-™p. kv{Xosb tamln-t°-≠-Xn\v Ahsf t\m°p-
ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂X - mWv. hkv{Xw FSp-°p-∂-h\v ]pX∏pw hn´p-sIm-Sp°p-∂-Xm-Wv. i]n-°p-∂-hsc A\p{K- l n- ° p- ∂ - X m- W v . i{Xp- h ns\ kvt\ln-°p-∂X - m-Wv. D]-{Z-hn-°p-∂h¿°mbn {]m¿∞n-°p-∂X - m-Wv. Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jys‚ a\:km£n Ip‰-ß-fmbn hn[n-°mØ ]eXpw {InkvXp-hns‚ a\- p-≈h¿°v Kuc-h-amb hogvN-I-fm-Wv. {InkvXp-hns\ am\-Z-WvU-am-°p-∂h¿°v Ahn- S psØ Xmgv a - b pw, \nkzm¿∞-Xb - pw, £a-bpw, HuZm-cyhpw, klm-\p-`q-Xnbpw ip{iq-jm-`mh- h pw, kXy- k - ‘ - X - b pw- s a√mw icnsX-‰p-I-fpsS \ne-hm-c-am-bn-Øo-
tem
I-Øns‚ \ne-hm-c-a√ {InkvXp-hns‚ \ne-hmcw. temI-Øns‚ \oXn-b√ {InkvXp-hns‚ \oXn. temIØns‚ icn-I-f-√ {InkvXp-hns‚ icn-Iƒ. ∂-h≥ F√mw lrZ-bw- sIm≠v hy`nNmcw sNbvXp-t]m-bn. temI-Øns‚ \ne-hm-c-a√ {InkvXp-hns‚ \ne-hmcw. temI-Øns‚ \oXn-b√ {InkvXphns‚ \oXn. temI-Øns‚ icn-I-f√ {InkvXp-hns‚ icn-Iƒ. AXp ]Ic- Ø n\p ]Icw sNøp- ∂ - X - √ . heØv ASn- ° p- ∂ - h \v CSXpw
cp-∂p. B kq£-vaamb Acn-∏-bn¬ \ΩpsS hm°p- I fpw Nn¥- I fpw {]hr-Øn-Ifpw Acn-®p-t\m°n IcSp-s]m-S-nIƒ Hgn-hm°n Pohn-°p-hm\p≈ ]cn- { i- a - a mWv bYm¿∞ {InkvXym-\n-bpsS Pohn-Xw. ss__nfn-eqsS {InkvXp-hns\ Bg-Øn¬ Adn- b p- ∂ - X p- h gn \ΩpsS a\:-
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54
hgnbpw kXyhpw
sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ 2012
km£nbpw {InkvXp-hns‚ a\- nt\mSv XZm-Xva - y-s∏-Spw.
a\:-km-£n-bpsS tlaw tbml-∂m≥ 8˛mw A≤ym-bØ - n¬ tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ Pohn-XØ - nse Hcp kw`hw Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. imkv{Xn-amcpw ]co-i∑ - mcpw hy`n-Nm-cØ - n¬ ]nSn-®n-cp∂ Hcp kv{Xosb sIm≠p-h∂v \Sp-hn¬ \n¿Øn Ah-t\mSv: ""Kptcm, Cu kv{Xosb R߃ hy`n-Nm-c-I¿Ω-Øn¬ ]nSn®n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. Cß- s \- b p- ≈ - h sf Is√-dn-bWw F∂v tami \ymb {]am-WØn¬ Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \o Ch-sf-°p-dn®v F¥p-]-d-bp-∂p.....? tbipthm Ip\n™v hnc¬sIm≠v \neØv Fgp-Xn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. Ah¿ Ah-t\mSv tNmZn-®p-sIm≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah≥ \nh¿∂v \nß-fn¬ ]m]an√m-Ø-h≥ Ahsf H∂m-aXv Is√-dn-bs´ F∂p ]d- ™ p.......- A - h ¿ AXp- t I´p a\xkm-£nbpsS Bt£]w tlXphmbn aqØhcpw Cf-b-hcpw Hmtcmcp-Ø-cmbn hn´p-t]m-bn.'' a\x-km-£n-bpsS tImS-Xn-°p-apºn¬ B \ym-bn-]-∑m-sc√mw Ip‰°m-sc∂v sXfn-™p. ssZh-Øns‚ \ymbm-k\w Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂ G‰hpw Kuc-h-amb \ymbm-k\w kz¥w a\xkm£n Xs∂-bm-Wv. a\q-jy-cpsS IÆn¬s]m-Sn-bn-Smw, tImS- X n- I sf sX‰n- ≤ - c n- ∏ n- ° mw. F∂m¬ a\xkm-£n-bpsS Nq≠p-hnc- e p- I ƒ \ap°v FXn¿\n¬°ptºmƒ c£-s]-Sm≥ ]cym-]vX-amb Hcp Hfn-hn-S-hpw C√-X-s∂. kXyØn\pw \oXn°pw hncp- ≤ - a mbn, kvt\l-Øn\pw Zbbv°pw hncp-≤ambn, \ne- ] m- S p- I ƒ FSp- ° p- ∂ h¿°v Hcp ]t£ a\p-jy≥ am∏psIm-Sp-Ømepw a\xkm£n am∏p \evIp-I-bn-√. bp‡n-bpsS \ymboI-c-W-ß-fpw, aX-Øns‚ {]mb-›n-
Ø-ßfpw BZm-ans‚ AØnbne sIm≠p≈ A-cbm-S- t]mse ]m]Øns‚ e÷sb ad-bv°m≥ Ign-bmØ-Xmbn Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p. GsXmcp ]m]n-bp-sSbpw BZysØ-Xpw G‰hpw `bm-\-I-hp-amb in£ ]m]-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ a\-:km£n-bpsS ZWvU-\-amWv F∂mWv sk\°bpsS Z¿i\w. C∂-s√-¶n¬ \msf ZkvtXmhvkvInbpsS "djvt°m¬ \nt°m-hn's\ t∏mse""Rm≥ hr≤sb h[n-®-t∏mƒ kXy-Øn¬ h[n-®Xv Fs∂-Øs - ∂-bmWv'' F∂v G‰p-]-d™v kzbw in£ Gs‰-Sp°pw. As√-¶n¬ bq-Zm-kns\t∏mse Ip‰an-√mØ c‡w Rm≥ H‰nsImSpØp F∂v Ip‰- k - Ω Xw \SØn PohnXw Xs∂ Ah-km-\n-∏n-°pw. I¿°-i°m-c-\mb Cu \ymbm-[n-]Xn-bpsS apºn¬ \oXn-]q¿Δ--amb in£ am{Xta ]cn-lm-c-ap-≈q.
{Iqins‚ Nph-´n¬ At\Iw kv { XoIsf sImesNbvXv h[-in£ {]Xo-£n-®p-Ign™ Hcp a\p-jys\ Pbn-en¬ kμ¿in® Ncn{Xw Pbnwkv tUm_vk¨ hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. ac-WtØmSv ASp- Ø - k - a bw Abmƒ Xs‚ {Iq-c-X-sb-°p-dn®v tJZn-®p; ssZh-Øn-¶-te°v Xncn™p. At±l-tØmSv tUm_vk¨ tNmZn-®p. "acn-°p-∂X - n-\p-ap≥]v \n߃ sImes∏-Sp-Ønb kv{XoI-fpsS kz¥-°mtcmSv \n߃ £am-bm-N\w \SØntbm?' "C√.' "F¥p-sIm-≠mWv
.................................................................................................................................................................... sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ 2012
hgnbpw kXyhpw
55
AXv sNøm-ØXv?' Rm\-Xp-sN-øp∂-Xn¬ A¿∞-an-√. ImcWw Fs‚ sX‰p-Iƒ £an-°p-hm≥ Ah-cpsS a\p-jy-a-\xkm-£n°v Hcn-°epw Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. Fs‚ sX‰p-Iƒ £an°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv ssZh-Øn\v am{X-am-Wv.' a\xkm-£n-bpsS Ip‰-`mcw Cd°n-sh-°p-hm≥ temI-Øn-ep-≈- GIÿew Im¬hcn {Iqins‚ Nph-´nem-Wv. \ΩpsS ]m]`mchpambn \ap°v AhntS°v t]mImw. Ahn-sS-bmWv ]m]-cl - n-X\ - m-b ssZh-]p-{X≥ ac-W-Øns‚ Ibv∏p-\nd™ ]m\-]m{Xw \ap-°p-th≠n Bkz-Zn-®-Xv. ]m]w Adn-bm-Ø-h≥ \ap-°p-th≠n ]m]w B°-s∏-´Xv
B {Iqin-em-Wv. ]m]-Øns‚ in£ ]I-c-°m-c-\mbn Gs‰-SpØv tbipkz¥w Pohs\ Hcp bmK- a mbn A¿∏n-®X - v am{X-am-Wv sX‰n\v ]cym]vXa - m-sbmcp {]mb-›n-Øw- . AhnsS \ap-s°mcp hntam-N-\-ap-≠v. \mw Aht\mSv ]m]߃ G‰p ]dbp∂psh¶n¬ \ns‚ ]m]-߃ \nt∂mSv £an-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂ hm°v \ap°v AhnsS tIƒ°mw. a\xkm£n-bpsS Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂v c£ t\Sm≥ ssZh-]p-{Xs‚ Cu ]m]-£-a-b-√msX as‰mcp hntam-N\ am¿§-hp-an-√. AXmWv temIØn\p apºn¬ ssZhw Hcp-°n-sh®n-cn-°p∂ c£.
a\xkm£n kzmX{¥yw kw_‘n® sFIycmjv{S {]tab߃ All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood.. (United Nations, Universal Declaration on Human Rights Article 1)
Everyone has the right to freedon of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, prcatice, worship and observance. (United Natons, Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 18)
Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. this right shall include freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice, and freedom, either individually or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in worship, observance, prctice and teaching. (United Nations, International covenant on Civli Rights and Political Rights. article 18. 1)
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56
hgnbpw kXyhpw
sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ 2012