Surveying+Spatial Issue 108 June 2022

SURVEYING SPATIAL June 2022 #108

Magazine

CITY RAIL LINK – NZ’S FIRST UNDERGROUND RAILWAY SHAPING THE CITY OF SAILS WITH LIGHT RAIL DIGITAL TWINS – A BLUEPRINT FOR THE FUTURE

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• EDITORIAL

Focus on Projects and Developments

I

n the past few years, major infra-

infrastructure strategy, Rautaki Hanga­

structure and project developments

nga o Aotearoa, aims to guide New

around New Zealand have signifi-

Zealand’s infrastructure sector over

cantly increased.

the next 30 years by addressing many

The New Zealand Infrastructure

of the challenges in the industry with

Commission/Te Waihanga Pipeline,

recommendations that are intended

which accrues key information on

to shape the future of infrastructure

infrastructure projects planned in

projects in New Zealand. The govern-

ing the tunnel and re-routing the

New Zealand and project data from

ment is preparing a response to the

railway through a hill beneath State

central government, local councils

strategy report with an action plan

Highway 1.

and the utility sector, states that the

expected to carry out a number of the

pipeline grew from 176 projects and

strategy’s recommendations.

a total value of $6.1 billion in 2019 to

NZ Smart Cities Council Interim Executive Director Jannat Maqbool

In our Projects and Developments

explains the Digital Twin Challenge,

more than 2700 projects and a total

theme this edition, Mary Jo Wagner

the data framework, guidance and

value of $65.6b at the end of 2021.

takes a look at the challenges and

tools to help deliver more sustainable

achievements of the survey team

infrastructure projects, community

continue around the country, in

Major projects and developments

working on Auckland’s City Rail

services and economic development

particular within the Auckland

Link project, the largest transport

in future planning projects.

region with substantial numbers

infrastructure project ever to be

of multi-disciplinary staff from the

undertaken in New Zealand.

engineering, construction, surveying and spatial sectors.

And finally, surveying thousands of square kilometres of seafloor near

Beca’s Technical Director of

Tonga’s Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha’apai

Planning Kathleen Bunting outlines

volcano, NIWA presents its latest

The City Rail Link, a new light

the benefits of Auckland’s City Centre

project aboard the research vessel RV

rail transit service from Auckland

to Māngere (CC2M) light rail develop-

Tangaroa, investigating the undersea

City to Māngere, and the proposed

ment and how the 24km line can be

impacts of the recent volcanic

East-West, which will provide a new

maximised to shape the future of the

eruption.

link on the north side of the Māngere

City of Sails.

inlet between SH20 at Onehunga

The challenges of undertaking

and SH1 at Mount Wellington, among

KiwiRail’s Tunnel 21 project on

the major projects under way in our

the South Island’s Main

biggest city.

North Line is the focus

The upward trend is predicted to

of Tonkin + Taylor’s

rise even more over the next few

article by Lindy

years, with increasing opportunities

Andrews and

across all sectors as well as some

Rob Hunter

considerable challenges to take into

this edition.

account in the near future.

This major

Net-zero carbon emission targets,

•

infra-

increasing energy demands, the

structure

impacts of climate change and

project

coastal erosion as well as escalating

involved

construction costs and a shortfall of

the

workers are just some of the issues

colossal

the sector is facing.

task of

New Zealand Infrastructure/

decom-

Te Waihanga’s recently released

mission-

Major projects and developments continue around the country, in particular within the Auckland region with substantial numbers of multi-disciplinary staff from the engineering, construction, surveying and spatial sectors.

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Issue 108 June 2022 1

Survey and Spatial

New Zealand TĀTAI WHENUA

Contents JUNE 2022

SURVEYING+SPATIAL ISSUE 108 JUNE 2022

A publication of Survey and Spatial New Zealand, Tātai Whenua.

ISSN 2382-1604 www.surveyspatialnz.org

EDITOR Rachel Harris surveyingspatial@gmail.com All rights reserved. Abstracts and brief quotations may be made, providing reference is credited to Surveying +Spatial. Complete papers or large extracts of text may not be printed or reproduced without the permission of the editor.

Correspondence relating to literary items in Surveying+Spatial may be addressed to the editor. Papers, articles and letters to the editor, suitable for publication, are welcome.

Papers published in Surveying+Spatial are not refereed. All correspondence relating to business aspects, including subscriptions, should be addressed to: The Chief Executive Survey and Spatial New Zealand PO Box 5304 Lambton Quay Wellington 6140 New Zealand Phone: 04 471 1774 Fax: 04 471 1907 Web address: www.surveyspatialnz.org Email: admin@surveyspatialnz.org

Distributed free to members of S+SNZ. Published in March, June, September and December by S+SNZ.

DESIGN & PRINT MANAGEMENT KPMDesign – www.kpmdesign.co.nz info@kpm.co.nz

1

Editorial

4

Shedding Light on a Dark Project

Rachel Harris

Mary Jo Wagner

11 Maximising

the Benefits of Auckland Light Rail

12

Kathleen Bunting 17 Tunnel 21 Lindy Andrews 21 Digital Twins,

For All

Jannat Maqbool 25 Tonga Volcano

Undersea Impacts Explored

17

NIWA

30 Ocean Infinity

Enters the Region Rhys Davies

TO ADVERTISE Email: admin@surveyspatialnz.org or contact Jan Lawrence +64 4 471 1774

36

32 Top 10 Business

Books Every Manager Should Read Edward O’Leary

34 Legal Column:

Different Funds of a Body Corporate Claire Tyler

36 High Country

Tenure Reform Mick Strack

38 Developing

Guidance for the Cadastral Survey Rules 2021

9

Géneviève Abrey 41 News 42 University

Happenings: Surveying Our Recruitment Richard Hemi

44 Landonline

Update June 2022 Nick Stillwell

26 SURVEYING+SPATIAL

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Issue 108 June 2022 3

Inside Auckland’s new City Rail Link Tunnel

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Issue 108 June 2022

• PROJECTS

& DEVELOPMENTS

SHEDDING LIGHT ON A DARK PROJECT W hat often get lost in the

gloss of large construction projects are the small,

precise elements that lead to the

high-profile finish – the nitty grit-

Surveying and scanning ease challenge of building New Zealand’s first underground railway

ty points and nuts and bolts that surveyors meticulously measured, set out and measured again to ensure buildings are straight, floors are level, tunnels are the right shape and railway lines are correctly aligned.

But surveyors are used to succeeding in the shadows – sometimes literally.

Nearly 40 metres below Auckland, the survey teams with Link Alliance have been guiding the successful build of New Zealand’s first under-

Mary Jo Wagner

ground rail network for the past two years.

The largest transport infrastructure project ever to be undertaken in New Zealand, the NZ$4.4 billion City Rail Looking down into the tunnel entrance shaft from ground level

Link (CRL) will build a 3.45-kilometre twin-tunnel underground rail link up to 42 metres below the city centre.

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Issue 108 June 2022 5

Using Trimble SX12 scanning total station instrument to measure as-built shotcrete thickness to verify the construction is meeting project tolerances.

The twin tunnels will vary in depth so two different construction methods are required: cut and cover where the

they first arrived on site in September 2019.

“With the accuracy, automation and

tunnels are dug from the surface, and

user-friendliness of our gear, and the

mined tunnels using either excavators

skills of our team, we’ve been able to

or a 7m by 7m tunnel boring machine

work smoothly and quickly to keep

(TBM). Crews will also redevelop

everyone on track without sacrificing

two existing stations (Mt Eden and

tight control, process or precision,”

Britomart) and construct two new

says Williams.

underground stations (Aotea and Karangahape). When complete, the

Under control The first critical element they needed to get right was the primary survey control network, which was no easy feat given the project extends through three suburbs and principal construction would run through the heart of Auckland’s built-up central business district. Unlike with previous projects where tunnel survey teams

CRL will carry up to 54,000 people an hour, moving the equivalent capacity of three Auckland Harbour Bridges or 16 extra traffic lanes into and through the city at peak times.

“As surveyors, we’re like the hunters and gatherers; we collect a lot of data and provide it to many teams,” says Sam Williams, surveyor manager with Link Alliance, a group of New Zealand and international companies building the CRL. “And it needs to be good data because the success of this entire project rides on the exactness of our survey points and measurements. We have to be right all the time.”

To Williams and his survey crew’s credit, their survey marks have been right 100 per cent of the time since

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Issue 108 June 2022

The survey team using Trimble Access field software with the S7 robotic total station to guide and position rockbolt drilling machines.

Establishing above ground survey control with a robust traverse network in preparation for the start of tunnel construction. have set up their own control net-

justment software to more accurately

fine lock allowed us to measure and

works, Williams wanted to establish a

compute each station’s coordinates,

establish a 3km baseline, in a built-up

high-quality primary control network

ultimately creating a primary network

city environment, with a single prism

that could also be used for the entire

baseline precise to 1-2mm.

at 1-2mm accuracy.

project.

For vertical control Williams

Pairing that with our vertical control

Setting up on the summit of Mt

performed a 10-km level run with the

results gave us the confidence that

Eden 4km south of the CBD, Williams

Trimble DiNi 03 level, measuring from

when we took that network down

used Trimble R10 GNSS receivers to

the base of Mt Eden, down through

to street level and created secondary

verify the Land Information New

each station and back again with an

construction control for the guys on

Zealand (LINZ) continuously operating

impressive misclosure of 4mm.

site, our tunnels and our stations

reference station (CORS) at the port

“The S9, DiNi and TBC network

were going to tie in perfectly.”

of Auckland and established that as

adjustment were game changers for

In the tunnels, the teams have been

his base station. He then carried out

this,” says Williams. “The long-range

setting out targets at set intervals—ev-

static GNSS observations on three existing LINZ datums and verified those accuracies. Satisfied with that foundation, he performed a series of four-to-six-hour observations with R10 receivers to extend the GNSS campaign to marks more relevant to the project. They established two new marks at each of the three project stations visible from the summit of Mt Eden – two of which were at heights of 10 storeys and six storeys. After the GNSS survey, Williams performed terrestrial observations with the Trimble S9 total station on the same intervisible marks to further improve the horizontal accuracy. He then input those measurements into Trimble Business Centre (TBC) network ad-

Trimble R10 GNSS receivers were used to establish a survey control network tied into an existing Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) reference station.

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Issue 108 June 2022 7

The survey team was instrumental to building the initial 50-m-long tunnel portal for the TBM and then ensuring it stayed on the right path during boring. ery 80m inside the TBM tunnels and

They began to relieve some of that

50m inside the mined tunnels – and

pressure in February 2021 when they

earthworks in real time and confirm

then build a secondary network off

acquired the Trimble SX12, a total

excavation and shotcrete accuracy on

those to fill the gaps between and

station and scanner combination that

the fly,” says Williams. “Once teams

provide control on both sides of the

can scan a full dome at 100m with a

get to a certain advance point, we

tunnel.

point density of

set up and guide the last pieces using

With those primary and secondary

0.1m in 11 minutes, offers a

“With the SX12, we can monitor the

the instrument’s quick scanning and

control networks, Williams has

1.6-second total station measuring

calculating functions in the TSC7’s

maintained site control at the surface

time in prism mode, and can pinpoint

Trimble Access software. When

and in the tunnels at 3mm or less.

a 3mm diameter spot at 50m with its

that’s done, we scan the finished

green, eye-safe laser pointer.

excavation, compare it to the design

Tracking the tunnels

“With tunnels you need both total

model on our controller, and then

Whether setting out, confirming

station and scanning functionality,”

scan the first layer of shotcrete. Then

earthworks, guiding machines,

says Williams. “With the SX12, we

with Access software, we can use the

marking bolt locations or capturing

have both in one unit and that alone

previous excavation scan to produce

as-builts, life in the tunnels has been

saves us hours in the field because

a heat map that’ll indicate areas

ruled by cramped quarters and “Hurry

we can do our set-outs, volume

that don’t have proper thickness and

up”.

calculations and as-builts from one

they can top it up with shotcrete. It

set-up. And because the scans are

removes any need for post-processing

vey support or confirmation, but mine

automatically georeferenced, it saves

in the office and keeps us moving.”

tunnelling is very production focused

us significant time in the office as

so the tunnellers want you in and

well.”

“Nothing advances without our sur-

out as fast as you can,” says Darrell

The ability to perform multiple

At Mt Eden, speed and agility have been particularly critical. As the first launch point for the 130m-long

Wymer, Link Alliance’s tunnel survey

functions from the same set-up has

TBM, teams first needed to create a

manager. “Once an excavation or

boosted their efficiency, precision and

50m-long tunnel to set the TBM on

shotcreting is deemed complete, we

speed, particularly at Mt Eden and

the right course for its 860m-long

need to scan the cut and check that

Karangahape, two of their busiest

journey to Karangahape station. In

against the design model stored on

work sites.

parallel, they began building three

our Trimble TSC7 controller to identify

For the Karangahape station

tunnels – each at different directions

any underbreaks or overbreaks. From

tunnels, teams sunk a 25m-diameter

and heights – and constructing twin

that scan we need to produce a point

shaft 25m deep and then tunneled

rail lines that will tie-in to an existing

cloud to support the geologist’s geo-

20m east and west to provide launch

line. The functionality of the SX12 has

logical mapping and create reports

points for excavating the station’s

enabled one, two-person crew to

that show conformance to design for

278m-long rail tunnels that include

handle the aggressive workload.

the construction, engineering and

203m-long platforms. As the two

client teams – all in less than an hour.

excavators and road header advance,

between surveying and scanning

So, we’re under significant pressure to

survey teams use the SX12 to guide

has cut the time we need to be at the

perform our work accurately without

the excavation, set out rock bolts, and

face checking and collecting data by

causing great delay to the tunnellers.”

confirm shotcrete layers.

60 per cent,” says Wymer. “We can

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Issue 108 June 2022

“The ability to seamlessly switch

exported to the controllers for field

Working in dark isolation can make

crews to support the excavators and

it difficult to see the light at the end

roadheader guidance systems and

of the tunnel but crews received

to guide, monitor and verify all the

their first validation that the CRL is on

construction work like installing the

track on October 16 when the TBM

reinforcement layers.

broke through at the Karangahape

And sometimes, because of the

station site – right on target. It was

dynamic nature of the tunnels and the

a significant milestone and nod

The Trimble S9 was used to establish survey control points for the TBM (tunnel boring machine) guidance system to ensure the tunnel was built in the correct direction, accurately.

geologic composition of rocks, Wymer

to Williams and his survey crews,

has had to be ready to respond to

giving them the confidence that their

urgent requests for design model

process, precision and tight control

changes.

will serve the team well in their drive

collect a polygon scan of a tunnel

gists have called for a design change,”

this scale, for this length of time

face in about 2-3 minutes, and that’s

says Wymer. “That means we have to

and not had some sort of survey

including photos. That speed allows

generate a new design by the time

incident,” says Williams. “That’s a

us to be so much more responsive.”

the next cut is complete. On a good

great testament to our team and our

day we may have six hours to make

technology.”

The confidence in knowing they’ve

“There have been times when they’ve hit bad rock and the geolo-

to complete the project by 2024.

“I’ve never been on a project of

captured all the points they need at

changes to the profile and adjust

each set up has also been a boon.

bolt positions but if the call has been

who sweat the small stuff to achieve

made overnight, we’ll often only

a big reward.

“Usually, we’re about 10-15m away from whatever we’re surveying,” says

have an hour to turn it around. With

Williams “With traditional terrestrial

the scan detail and the automation

total stations, we produce reports

and bulk data import features in TBC,

every 500mm in chainage and every

we can meet these tight timelines so

300mm of profile around the tunnel.

crews can keep working at speed.”

Measuring each of those points

It’s also a testament to survey crews

•

Mary Jo Wagner is a Vancouver-based freelance writer with 25 years’ experience in covering geospatial technology. She can be reached at e-mail: mj_wagner@shaw.ca

manually takes a long time. With scanning, you pick up every surface in its entirety at 95 per cent accuracy and you capture it all in minutes.”

All by design Equal to the versatility and efficiency of their instruments has been their software functionality, particularly the TBC tunnel module where all the tunnel design and as-builting happens. Wymer has been using the specialised software to create three design profiles: one for excavation, one for the shotcrete lining and one for the final concrete lining – a process he needs to repeat for each tunnel section. All of those models are Overview images of the tunnel entrance shaft from the vantage point of a survey control point occupied by a Trimble GNSS receiver

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Issue 108 June 2022 9

• PROJECTS

& DEVELOPMENTS

MAXIMISING THE BENEFITS OF AUCKLAND LIGHT RAIL Kathleen Bunting, Technical Director of Planning, Beca

The Government has released its long-awaited decision on the future of Auckland Light Rail – with light rail to run along a tunnelled route from Wynyard Quarter and past the University of Auckland to Mt Roskill, before surfacing and running at street level to Onehunga, Māngere town centre and the airport.

The new 24km line, known as City Centre to Māngere (CC2M), will have up to 18 stations, with services running every five minutes – enabling up to 15,000 passengers per hour to ‘turn up and go’.

The lead up to the light rail decision has created considerable excitement in relation to the project’s benefits – as well as much expected trepidation by those concerned about the project’s significant costs and potential effects.

One of those in the ‘excited’ camp is Kathleen Bunting – Technical Director of Planning at Beca. In this article, Kathleen discusses the many ‘city shaping’ benefits CC2M will bring for Tāmaki Makaurau, and how these can be maximised.

How is CC2M ‘city shaping’?

CC2M is quite rightly described, by Minister Robertson, Minister Wood, Mayor Goff and the Indicative Business Case (IBC) summary report, as a ‘city-shaping’ project - but what does that really mean?

We can get an idea by looking at examples overseas, especially our nearest neighbours in Australia where light rail projects have recently been retrofitted into existing urban areas to revitalise and transform them (e.g. Sydney CBD, Parramatta and Newcastle). However, some of the city-shaping changes for Auckland will also be quite specific to our unique context, such as our particularly narrow urban isthmus, the cultural significance of both the land and waterbodies to Mana Whenua, and the differing social demographics along the proposed CC2M corridor.

A step change in access to places people live, work, learn and play I hope it’s becoming clear to the Auckland public that transporting

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Issue 108 June 2022 11

SOURCE: Auckland Light Rail

tourists or businesspeople to and from the airport is not the

people out of their cars and onto public transport. This

primary purpose of CC2M. The project is about supporting

shift onto public transport is critical to support Auckland’s

sustainable growth in our city, by improving accessibility of

sustainable growth, to mitigate traffic and bus congestion

people to the places they live, work, learn and play.

in the CBD and on key corridors (like Dominion Road, SH20

It’s also about equity of access i.e. supporting people from all different mobilities, socio-economic circumstances, age groups, family circumstances and reasons

and Symonds Street), and to meet New Zealand’s net zero carbon target by 2050.

A key way to maximise these transport and density

for travelling. Light rail caters for everyone, including the

benefits will be seamless integration of CC2M with the

mobility impaired (disabled, parents with prams, elderly),

broader public transport and active mode network, as well

those that don’t have access to a car, and those that want a

as expansion of the rapid transit network to the north and

more sustainable transport choice.

north-west. This is why it’s essential the project is future-

The selected route will enable people living in areas like

proofed for, and integrated seamlessly with these future

Māngere and Mount Roskill, who have been historically

connections, the planned Additional Waitematā Harbour

under-served by public transport, to travel more easily

Connection, and the wider Auckland bus, heavy rail and

to work and education. The CBD, Onehunga and the

active mode networks.

air­port precinct are key employment nodes and much of Auckland, close to the recommended CC2M route. In fact,

Unlocking housing and urban development opportunities along the corridor

workers commuting to and from the airport precinct are

In a December 2021 article Shaping Auckland’s future

expected to use the service more than travellers passing

with Light Rail, my colleagues Matt Lindenberg and Bryce

through the airport.

Julyan talked about how the project will enable urban

the Onehunga and airport workforces live in south-west

There are also many schools along the corridor, and

regeneration and housing intensification along the

the central city segment will significantly improve public

corridor, especially in walkable catchments from stations.

transport access to the city’s university precinct. It will

The National Policy Statement on Urban Development now

also enhance connectivity to social services and facilities,

directs Auckland Council to enable high density (minimum

cultural, sport and recreation facilities like the waterfront,

six-storey) development around rapid transit stops. This

restaurants and shopping, festivals and events in the CBD,

means very careful consideration will need to be given to

Eden Park, maunga, and the Onehunga and Māngere

stop locations, and good masterplanning and planning

Bridge foreshores.

interventions like plan changes will be needed within

A high-quality light rail system will relieve pressure on land demand for cars and parking, and will have the

those precincts to maximise the benefits.

The IBC Summary Report predicts that CC2M integrated

capacity to carry significantly more people per square

with planning interventions (e.g. policies and provisions

metre than our current bus and car-based system. In this

that enable well-designed, medium to high density

way, it will improve both the physical capacity for density

housing) will enable a doubling of quality development

in our city, and the functioning of higher density devel-

along the corridor with up to 66,000 new homes1. That

opment. CC2M will support development of denser and

would be a step change in addressing Auckland’s housing

wider housing close to rapid transit, and encourage more

supply issues – and critically, will enable housing and other

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Issue 108 June 2022

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Issue 108 June 2022 13

mixed uses next to high quality, frequent

flexibility this will bring at the surface to

and reliable public transport. The

congested road corridors like Queen

recommended CC2M route also

Street and Dominion Road. It will

connects to two major areas

mean more room for walking,

of social housing redevelop-

cycling and scootering,

ment, proposed by Kāinga

high-quality public spaces,

Ora, at Mount Roskill and

festivals and events, active

Māngere, as well as other

street frontages and maybe

key urban redevelopment

even outdoor dining on

opportunities at Wynyard,

Queen Street! This is already

Dominion and New North

envisaged as part of the City

Road junction, and around

Centre Masterplan 2020, which

the Onehunga and Māngere town centres.

CC2M will undoubtedly attract significant

seeks to pedestrianise much of SOURCE: Auckland Light Rail Establishment Unit

investment in high density housing and

Queen Street and assumed light rail at surface along Queen Street, but would also work well with tunnelled light rail. In fact,

commercial developments close to light rail stops, and the

light rail underground will make even more room for

value of this land will likely increase. Land value increase

these active and lively uses of space and place.

around rapid transit stops (especially within 400-500m) has

The project should also mean less noise and cleaner air

been the experience elsewhere, including Sydney , and was

in the CBD catchment and other road corridors (relative to

predicted by the Chief Economist Unit at Auckland Council in

doing nothing). All of this will make these corridors much

2018 . This is a key reason why private entities are interest-

more pleasant, safer spaces to be and will change the way

ed in investing in rapid transit around the world (It generally

we use and enjoy them.

2

3

isn’t to make money off the actual services.) in relation to housing and rent affordability, there is also

Helping to meet our greenhouse gas reduction targets

a real opportunity to use this value increase to help fund

The IBC Summary report notes that New Zealand’s net

major projects like this one, and/or to capture this value

zero carbon target by 2050 is based on a tripling of public

for public benefit like social housing. This is a concept

transport trips within Auckland. This tripling simply won’t

known as ‘value capture’ (see figure to right), and is one

be possible without a high-quality public transport

way to minimise public costs and maximise benefits of the

network, including new rapid or mass transit corridors like

project overall.

CC2M. CC2M will contribute to this target by shifting more

More space for better uses in the CBD, and Dominion Road/Sandringham Road corridors

journeys onto public transport and enabling more intense

Although land value increases are a genuine concern

development of housing and mixed uses close to rapid transit stops.

CC2M will enable Auckland Transport to remove a

Maximising the benefits of CC2M

substantial number of buses from key routes in the city.

In summary, CC2M is a significant opportunity for Tāmaki

This applies mainly to those buses operating along the

Makaurau to provide a step change in access, connectivity,

CBD-Dominion Road corridor, but also the Sandringham

travel choice, housing and urban development. It is also

Road and Mount Eden Road corridors. The actual benefit

expected to contribute to placemaking along the corridor,

in relation to buses is that the current CBD-Dominion Road

help to meet our greenhouse gas reduction targets, and

corridor is at or nearing capacity – effectively constrained

have various other cultural, environmental, social and

by the numbers of buses that can enter the CBD, particu-

economic wellbeing benefits.

larly through the Symonds Street choke point. This means

The IBC Summary report talks in some detail about

another solution is required – preferably one that does not

ways to maximise these benefits – and particularly the

utilise existing corridor space, like the preferred tunnelled

importance of integrated urban interventions in tandem

light rail solution.

with CC2M. The table below is my summary of those

A key benefit of an underground route through the city as far as Mount Roskill is the additional space and

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Issue 108 June 2022

interventions and other ways to maximise the project’s benefits.

But what are the trade-offs for all these benefits?

Kathleen has worked on planning approvals and business cases for major transport infrastructure projects in Auckland

Clearly one of the key trade-offs of CC2M is monetary. Ways to balance the financial costs with the project’s benefits

Rail Link; and in Auckland, the North Shore Busway and Te

phase.

Tupu Ngātahi Supporting Growth transport route protection

Another trade-off will be the adverse effects of the project’s construction and operation, such as business and community disruption. In the world of major infrastructure, disruption/effects are an unfortunate reality and cannot be avoided entirely. This is particularly true in an already environmental and social values like Tāmaki Makaurau.

lic transport projects in those cities. In Sydney this included the CBD and South East Light Rail and the South West (heavy)

will be a key focus of the next Detailed Business Case

urbanised, narrow isthmus with significant cultural,

and Sydney for 23 years – including some of the largest pub-

•

projects. As a business case writer and environmental/urban planner, she has a solid understanding of both the benefits and effects of projects of this type and scale.

NOTES 1. Auckland Light Rail 2. Does residential property price benefit from light rail in Sydney?

– Mulley et al. 2018 3. How rapid transit access adds to property values – Auckland Council 2018

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Issue 108 June 2022 15

5 differences between a good recruiter — and a cowboy...

Here are 5 tell-tale signs to help you discern a kick-ass recruiter from a drop-kick...

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• PROJECTS

& DEVELOPMENTS

TUNNEL 21 (TAR BARREL TUNNEL BYPASS) – KIWIRAIL MNL RESILIENCE PROJECT

Lindy Andrews, Senior Content Advisor & Rob Hunter, Engineering Geologist & Project Manager, Tonkin+Taylor

T

unnel 21 is a KiwiRail tunnel situated on the Main North Line (MNL) between Ward and

the Ure (or Waima) River, about 45 minutes south of Blenheim. The tunnel was constructed during the ‘Golden Age’ of the railways (1870s – 1945), with the tunnelling works completed in 1913. At this time, the MNL was segmented along the east coast of the upper South Island, with this section of the line starting in Blenheim and extending towards Kaikōura. It reached Seddon in 1902, Ward in 1911 and then Wharanui (13 km south of Ward) in 1913, before the onset of World War 1 saw progress halted and 7529 railway workers released for war service. Thousands were again released during World War 2. The MNL was finally completed in 1945, the feat marking a significant point in history as New Zealand’s longest railway construction project.

The line now spans from Addington in Christchurch to Picton in Marlborough, along a total length of 348 km.

In its heyday, there were 65 bustling stations along the route.

A deteriorating tunnel

works had done and with the recent Seddon and Kaikōura earthquakes,

Tunnel 21 is also known as the ‘Tar

the tunnel’s condition had deteriorat-

Barrel’ and extends 167 m through a

ed. Whilst local repairs and ongoing

weak and fractured mudstone rock,

maintenance kept the tunnel

adjacent to the London Hill Fault.

operating safely, KiwiRail would like

There have been several stories as to the origin of the name ‘Tar Barrel’. The most likely explanation is attributed to a shipwreck near to the mouth of the Ure River, where barrels of recovered tar were carted up the hill and stored near to tunnel portal.

For some reason, a barrel reportedly tumbled down the hill, exploded and spilled tar near to one of the

to improve the long-term resilience of the MNL, while also increasing the line speed, and therefore reducing travel time and reducing operating costs.

The tunnel has now been infilled with site-won mudstone fill to eliminate the liability, and to ensure resilience to SH1 above.

tunnel portals. The tunnel was lined with in-situ concrete and concrete blocks which had seen better days. Records dating back to the 1970s showed there was cracking in the concrete lining and recommendations for repair works were proposed.

Since then, only minor

Tunnel 21 is also known as the ‘Tar Barrel’ and extends 167m through a weak and fractured

mudstone rock, adjacent to the London Hill Fault.

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Issue 108 June 2022 17

Some of the project team on site during the options assessment stage Exavation of new rail alignment with recently sprayed hydroseed on the batter slopes

Earthmoving vehicles out in force

New 1600 diameter culvert being installed beneath the MNL

Construction of the new ‘Tar Barrel Tunnel Bypass’ with a temporary diversion of SH1 in place until the road can be directed over the roof of the new rail underpass

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Issue 108 June 2022

Time for resilience improvements Options for remedial works were first explored by NCTIR in 2017, before T+T was engaged to work alongside KiwiRail to lead a multi-disciplinary team of consultants to advance the project. From this point on, the project has run at bullet train pace, with the team performing an options assessment, geotechnical site investigations, property acquisitions and detailed design, as well as resource consent and change of designation applications. The project was tendered in late March 2019, in parallel with detailed design. With the tender being awarded in May 2019 and the main works contractor arriving to site to start construction work pretty promptly in June of that year, it was rewarding to see physical works starting to materialise so quickly after all the initial hard work.

As a result of the options assess-

ment process, KiwiRail decided

Model of rail underpass SH1 embankments, the presence of

that the preferred solution was

wetlands, integration of stormwater

to decommission Tunnel 21 and

control systems, and planning and

re-route the railway through a hill

consenting challenges.

and beneath State Highway 1 (SH1),

The project has drawn on many of

a little further south of the existing

T+T’s finest skillsets across numerous

Tunnel 21. The end result was a rail

disciplines and offices. As the lead

realignment length of c.1500 m and

consultant, we have performed

a road realignment/change in grade

project management, design

length of c.700 m. All in, c.400,000 m

management, geological site inves-

of mudstone was excavated and

tigations, geotechnical design, civil

transported to nearby fill sites,

and stormwater design, ecological

leaving cut slopes up to 35 m high.

services, planning and environmental

There will also be a new c.100 m

services. To round out the team, we

long rail underpass structure and

partnered with Vitruvius to carry out

approach retaining walls crossing

the road and rail geometrical design,

beneath SH1. Some people say we’ve

Holmes Consulting for the structural

replaced a tunnel with a tunnel, but

design, Beca for the pavement

we say it’s an underpass! The project

design, road safety audits and peer

team had to overcome a number of

reviews, and with The Property Group

complexities including seismic risk,

for property acquisition services.

slope stability issues arising from the

Whilst a majority of the team is based

weak and fractured mudstone, the

in Nelson, we’ve been supported

presence of organic materials and

by staff in Christchurch, Wellington,

predicted settlement surrounding the

Hamilton, and Tauranga.

3

proposed rail underpass structure and

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Issue 108 June 2022 19

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Issue 108 June 2022

• PROJECTS

& DEVELOPMENTS

DIGITAL TWINS, FOR ALL Jannat Maqbool, Interim Executive Director – NZ, Smart Cities Council Australia New Zealand We have less than a decade left to make significant productivity, equity and sustainability gains for our communities, and the Smart Cities Council is going ‘all in’ on the enabling power of data activation, believing the digital twin is the superior approach.

A

s our cities and built environ-

Twin Summit and shared the Australia

ment focus on enabling better

New Zealand Digital Twin Strategy

services and value for citizens,

Draft Blueprint. It is now facilitating

delivering greater economic value,

the inaugural Digital Twin Challenge,

and achieving net zero greenhouse

positioning our region as a leader in

gas emissions from our assets, ad-

the global push to accelerate more

dressing these priorities will depend

productive, sustainable and liveable

on our ability to enhance our city and

built and natural environments

infrastructure planning processes,

through the leveraging of digital

as well as our methods for building

twins.

and operating assets, and delivering social services. This of course is pos-

So, what is a digital twin?

sible, but requires a new generation

The common definition for the digital

of tools, approaches and mindsets.

twin is ‘a digital replica of a physical

The Smart Cities Council believes the

thing’. The Centre for Digital Built

Digital twin is exactly this.

With this in mind, in 2020, the Smart Cities Council launched the Australia New Zealand Digital Twin Hub and released the Digital Twin Guidance Note. A year later, the Council hosted the New Zealand Digital

Digital Twin:

a realistic digital representation of something physical. What distinguishes a digital twin from any other digital model is its connection to the physical twin.

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Issue 108 June 2022 21

Britain defines the digital twin as

cases range from monitoring urban

of mind when it comes to the digital

a realistic digital representation of

canopy, traffic modelling and density

twin. We know however that there

something physical. What distinguishes

mapping to public transport planning,

are a number of challenges, with

a digital twin from any other digital

business and commercialisation

much of what is hindering digital

model is its connection to the physical

opportunities for communications

twin outcomes overlapping into

twin. It’s the second sentence that is

and data-intensive industries, and vi-

digital transformation as a whole –

fundamental. The physical reality is

sualising new developments, driving

digital literacy, digital inclusion and

talking to the digital model.

the establishment of data-sharing

entirely new ways of working. Other

The digital twin provides connec-

models across stakeholders, making

challenges include data availability,

tion, integration, analytics, simula-

the City of Hobart project one for the

the trade-offs between operational

tion, and visualisation, presenting

shortlist.

expenditure waste and upfront

significant potential for ‘activating

Closer to home, Wellington City

data’. The digital twin, through this

Council’s investment into a digital

ethics and data privacy. Furthermore,

lens, thus becomes a tool for directing

twin is helping aid community trust,

going back to its origins in manu-

investment in the most sustainable

information sharing and governing a

facturing and how spatial models,

infrastructure and citizen services

digital infrastructure of collaboration.

dynamic data, sensors, archived data,

with precision like we’ve never seen

capital expenditure, maintaining

pattern simulations and predictions

productivity and the wellbeing of the

The Digital Twin Guidance Note

community.

Created with input from both private

twin, there are fundamental issues

and public sector stakeholders,

that have to be solved such as those

fers to a digital twin ‘souffle’ – people,

the note provides clarity on what

related to data integration.

economy, data and infrastructure, and

a digital twin is, its benefits, and

equipment, as a digitised platform

how to prepare a strategy for their

component of our infrastructure as

for evaluation and interpretation of

application. It also draws from an

bricks and mortar, data about our

information, funding and resources

important resource released by

infrastructure assets needs to be

to predict impact. Melbourne has

the Spatial Information Council for

shared in a way that opens up the

completed a digital twin pilot as an

Australia and New Zealand (ANZLIC) in

benefits yet maintains appropriate

intuitive city solution that responds to

late 2019 – the principles for spatially

levels of privacy and security. Our

the city, highlighting the importance

enabled digital twins of the built and

culture must change from one of

of community engagement and

natural environment in Australia. The

closed, siloed thinking to an open,

clear communication to encourage

guidance note supports these princi-

transparent culture of effective data

trust and understanding of data and

ples, and builds on them to provide

management. We need data leader-

project intentions.

further information to policymakers

ship encompassing purpose, privacy,

and practitioners.

security, ethics, and governance.

and will accelerate climate action,

In Australia, the City of Darwin re-

For the City of Hobart, there are three key drivers to the digital twin

Consistently the themes of user

were layered on, it is evident that to move from this model to the digital

With data now as much a critical

Keeping in mind that any investment

project – contextual multi-modal vi-

experience, data, platforms and tools,

in the digital twin should be systems

sualisation, integrated digital reform

infrastructure and governance are top

based, purpose-driven and outcome

and economic investment friction. Use

focused. ​Looking ahead, what can we learn from climate change? In the coming years, we will need to collectively report on progress made. We need to consider what information we need to source and gather now – not only for those in power, but for the public and their decision making, too.

The Australian Environmental Health (AusEnHealth) Strategic Plan-

The Digital Twin as a Capability

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Issue 108 June 2022

ning Digital Twin, involving Council

The Connected Digital Twin – Centre for Digital Built Britain member FrontierSI, aims to enable

based on engagement with govern-

needed to achieve the 2050 vision –

the ability for policymakers, health

ment, industry and academia relating

that infrastructure lays the foundation

managers and researchers to identify

to digital twin capability develop-

for the people, places and businesses

vulnerable populations, predict future

ment, leadership and governance,

of Aotearoa New Zealand to thrive for

disease burdens and plan for a

standards, use cases and research

generations – and provides options to

changing climate in a coordinated

priorities. Think digital by default, and

achieve that vision. As part of the con-

and timely manner. The solution? To

digital twin as one of the approaches

sultation document, the government

develop a platform that works for

we need to advance. The blueprint,

wants to accelerate investigations on

government, industry and universities

created to influence action and

the use of digital twins and prepare

to contribute to an ecosystem of

investment in digital twins within the

for a nationwide digital twin. More

integrated digital twins. Challenges

built and natural environment in both

recently, the commission has set out a

have included imputation and patchy

Australia and New Zealand includes

roadmap for the next 30 years which

data, availability across states as

a recommendation that Standards

includes embedding digital twins in

not all data is recorded at the same

Australia and Standards New Zealand

our planning processes.

temporal/spatial resolution and,

develop respective national Digital

finally, analysis and the extraction of

Twin Standards Roadmap for their

The Challenge

value. For the National Digital Twin

nations.

Increasingly, across Australia and New

for Flood Resilience project, involving

If we look at digital twin research

Zealand, the value of data in helping

the University of Canterbury, infor-

and what that may look like in 2024,

deliver more sustainable infrastruc-

mation on floor levels is crucial but

and then 2030, words like multi-

ture, providing the best community

isn’t always available. The learning,

disciplinary, AI-built 3D modeling,

services, promoting economic de-

however, is the need for standards.

real-world applications, collaborative

velopment and repairing our critical

learning, and standards harmonisa-

ecosystem services is becoming more

tion pop up.

evident, and what we now urgently

The Australia New Zealand Digital Twin Blueprint

In 2021 the New Zealand Infrastruc-

require are the standards, templates,

‘Digital twins, for all’: the council

ture Commission released He Tūāpapa

tools and guidance documents to

strongly believes this is a data

ki te Ora, Infrastructure for a Better

realise this opportunity. The Digital

activation opportunity for every

Future, setting out the approach that

Twin Challenge will help deliver

government, every agency, every

New Zealand is taking to develop its

this. As the challenge progresses, the

sector and every discipline. It provides

Infrastructure Strategy. The commis-

Smart Cities Council is sharing insights

a series of draft recommendations

sion identified areas where action is

and updates, as well as encouraging

SURVEYING+SPATIAL

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Issue 108 June 2022 23

wider engagement and input, at the

use cases. Shaped in response to over

and frameworks, while there are

Digital Twin Hub.

18 months of industry engagement,

currently component parts, there is a

and an open call for expressions of

need for cohesive, strategic, all-en-

cohort members, representing public,

interest, the resulting knowledge

compassing policy.

private and research sectors, with

resources will be released to the

interests spanning natural resource

market as the programme promotes

conservation, economic develop-

digital twin leadership nationally and

ment, construction and asset opera-

globally.

Through the challenge participating

tion, public health and wellbeing and

What about the digital twin ‘ele-

The 2022 Aotearoa New Zealand Digital Twin Summit The annual summit will be held in

education, are advancing a series of

phant in the room’? Moreover, which

Wellington on July 7, and, in October,

projects to help show what is possible

elephant is trumpeting loudest? Is it

in Melbourne, the Smart Cities Council

with digital twin capability, and how

communicating the value of digital

will also be hosting Digital Twin Week

it enables the activation of data in a

twin, the ‘cost’ question, or is the key

2022. These two major initiatives will

way that supports decision makers.

to focus on enabling collaboration?

address the above and much more

What is that critical issue we are yet

as the Smart Cities Council looks to

a programme of activities that will

to address? Is it security, collaboration

continue to support the advancement

ultimately benefit the broader

versus competition, or something

of digital twins within our cities,

marketplace with the projects ranging

else? How do we get going? How

towns and regions, because we

from strategy, data framework

do we cultivate an environment

all want the same thing – modern,

and project-level action plans, to

for successful cross-governmental

meaningful tools that value data,

landscape-based digital twins, GIS

and industry collaboration whilst

allowing us to generate insights to

and IoT capability templates, organ-

ensuring we have frameworks and

deliver better outcomes.

isation-wide education modules as

procurement views to benefit all

well as urban planning and design

stakeholders? If we look at legislation

The Digital Twin Challenge includes

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Issue 108 June 2022

•

• PROJECTS

& DEVELOPMENTS

TONGA VOLCANO UNDERSEA IMPACTS EXPLORED NIWA NIWA and The Nippon Foundation are undertaking a mission to discover the undersea impacts of the recent Tongan volcanic eruption.

I

n a rare opportunity to improve

national’s Uncrewed Surface Vessel

understanding of the nature and

(USV) Maxlimer to conduct further

impact of a major volcanic eruption,

mapping.

NIWA scientists are sailing to Tonga to

The NIWA-Nippon Foundation

survey the ocean around the Hun-

Tonga Eruption Seabed Mapping

ga-Tonga Hunga-Ha’apai (HT–HH) vol-

Project (TESMaP) is being funded by

cano and surrounding regions. They

The Nippon Foundation – the largest

will be surveying thousands of square

non-profit organisation based in

kilometres of the seafloor and col-

Japan which, amongst other philan-

lecting video images of the eruption’s

thropic activities, has been facilitating

impact from NIWA’s research vessel,

projects in the ocean field since 1962.

RV Tangaroa, and using SEA-KIT Inter-

The research is also supported by The

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Issue 108 June 2022 25

Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed

Core Sampling

2030 Project which aims to map the world’s ocean floor by 2030.

Project leader and NIWA Chief Scientist Oceans Mike Williams predicts that there will be extensive changes to the underwater landscape around Tonga.

“Before the eruption, much of the volcano was above water but now none of it is and the neighbouring islands of Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha’apai were reduced in size. We expect similarly dramatic changes to have occurred in the underwater topography.

“Submarine cable breakages show impacts up to 50 kilometres from the volcano caldera, implying changes

O

ur researchers onboard RV Tangaroa have been getting their hands, and faces, dirty using a multicorer to collect sediment samples from the seafloor surrounding the Hunga Tonga – Hunga Ha’apai volcano.

The multicorer is made up of multiple tubes and is lowered to the seafloor to cut out samples of the sediment like a cookie cutter.

Once the multicorer has been pulled back onboard, the team get stuck in removing the cores from the tubes and taking them to the lab for further analysis. It’s a muddy job but there’s smiles all round!

The cores are used to figure out what kind of creatures are living in the sediment and the thickness and composition of the ash on the seafloor following the eruption.

to the seabed over an area of at least 8,000 square kilometres. This survey will investigate the impacts of the eruption in the water column and on the seabed around HT–HH.” The eruption was unprecedented and unexpected; volcanos of this type were not previously anticipated to erupt so violently or trigger such large explosions.

Dr Williams says that with similar volcanos around the globe, particularly along the Pacific Ring of Fire, the eruption of HT–HH highlights a risk to society from our lack of knowledge about them.

The Nippon Foundation Chairman Dr Yohei Sasakawa says that this research is vital to help protect people from similar natural disasters in the future.

“By working together, we have the power to help solve some of the biggest problems facing society, including the fall-out from natural disasters.”

“We hope that this work will help researchers and governments understand and mitigate the risk of future eruptions, which will be of

Photos: NIWA.

26 SURVEYING+SPATIAL

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Issue 108 June 2022

particular benefit to countries that lie

Erica Spain, NIWA Marine Geology Technician, operates the multibeam which is used to help produce maps of the seafloor. Photo: NIWA.

within proximity of these threatening

Seabed 2030, will remain at sea for

edge, experience and resources of the

natural wonders, like Japan and New

an additional month of mapping and

organisations involved will help build

Zealand.”

environmental data collection.

a detailed and invaluable picture of

Tonga’s Deputy Secretary for Lands

Scientists will gather acoustic data

the eruption’s aftermath.

and Natural Resources Taaniela Kula

using echosounders to determine the

says that the eruption of the HT–HH

shape and structure of the underwa-

resources with such a multinational

volcano on January 15, 2022, had

ter landscape, including the thickness

team, we’ll be able to gather an

catastrophic consequences.

of ash deposits and the formation

incredible amount of information of

“It covered our main island of

“By working alongside and pooling

of any new bedforms. This data will

what happens during eruptions like

Tongatapu in carpets of toxic ash,

then be compared with previous

these, what the impacts are, and how

generated a sonic boom that trav-

maps to identify areas for sampling,

we can be better prepared next time

elled around the globe and caused

so that further changes to the area,

a similar event occurs.

a tsunami that resulted in deaths

such as impacts to marine life and the

and damage as far away as South

seafloor’s chemical composition, can

about the natural world, especially

America.

be assessed.

what occurs under our oceans, so

“It also severed both submarine

Kevin Mackay is head of the South

“There is much we still don’t know

we’re delighted to take this opportu-

fibre optic cables connecting Tonga

and West Pacific Regional Center of

nity to build our knowledge and help

with the world, leaving our country

Seabed 2030 and the voyage leader.

Tonga’s people and environment.”

in a prolonged “blackout”. The direct

He says that the collective knowl-

Ben Simpson, CEO, SEA-KIT Inter-

economic impact of the eruption is estimated by the World Bank to be over $US90m. As a country we’re building back slowly. We hope this research will help in the efforts to protect our nation and others like us in the future.”

The TESMaP project will take place in two parts – NIWA’s research vessel Tangaroa, will set sail next week [9 April] to do the first part of the surveying. Following that,

The eruption was unprecedented and unexpected; volcanos of this type were not previously anticipated to erupt so violently or trigger such large explosions.

SEA-KIT International’s 12-metre-long USV Maxlimer, in coordination with

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Issue 108 June 2022 27

national, says it is an exciting opportunity to demonstrate data collection using less than 2% of the fuel of a typical survey vessel.

“USV Maxlimer will be controlled from the other side of the world, at our base in the UK, as she safely gathers a range of data types from inside the caldera for a full month to develop and support understanding of the eruption’s undersea impact.”

•

Researchers and technicians gather in the ship’s library for a science meeting to discuss the order of work and who is needed on each task once the team arrive in Tonga. Photo: NIWA.

Deckhand Daniel Aupa’au prepares the deep towed camera imaging system (DTIS) for a wet test. The team lower the DTIS to 1000m to test the camera system. Photo: NIWA.

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Issue 108 June 2022

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• PROJECTS

& DEVELOPMENTS

The survey team preparing the vessel Pekapeka for a day’s survey activity, Port Tarakohe

OCEAN INFINITY ENTERS THE REGION Rhys Davies, Andrew Price and David Field, Marine Team Ocean Infinity

S

ince 2008 the New Zealand and

Tonga, Fiordland and Coromandel.

and more complex surveys in a variety

Australian branch of iXblue has

As Ocean Infinity, we will retain

been undertaking hydrographic

our focus of providing hydrographic

The NZ team’s first project under

surveys throughout Oceania and be-

surveying services on either side of

the Ocean Infinity banner is the Toitū

yond and we are excited to announce

the Tasman; growing the industry

Te Whenua Land Information New

the next chapter in our history.

and capability and leveraging off the

Zealand (LINZ) Hydrographic Survey

technology in the marine robotics

Project in the Nelson to Kahurangi

been acquired by Ocean Infinity;

sector that Ocean Infinity is globally

Shoals and western Marlborough

a world-leading ocean robotics

renowned for, to provide new and

Sounds area, which commenced

company. The fit was a natural one for

innovative ways to acquire and

in March 2022. With an estimated

Ocean Infinity, with the team having

process hydrographic survey data.

total of 13,000 survey line miles of

iXblue Pty Ltd has recently

the experience and knowledge of the

As we grow, we will be able to ex-

of environments.

bathymetric, backscatter and water

use of an uncrewed surface vessel

plore new markets and leverage the

column data to collect, the project

(the DriX) for large-scale nautical

collective manpower and experience

has been split into two survey phases

charting surveys in our region, having

that exists within the wider Ocean

– coastal and offshore – with data

completed projects in the Kingdom of

Infinity family to help deliver larger

collection and processing spanning

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Issue 108 June 2022

stretch to the Kahurangi Shoals, with

an ellipsoid – chart datum separation

enough capacity to allow for 24-hour

model for surveying on the ellipsoid.

operations.

The data will be used by LINZ to

In Australia, the team has just completed data acquisition on its

primarily update the nautical charts

fourth project under the Hydrographic

for the area but will also provide

Industry Partnership Program (HIPP),

valuable scientific data to the marine

an Australian Government Depart-

science community and the port

ment of Defence project to update its

company.

nautical charts. A fifth project, in the

Underpinning these surveys is

stunning Kimberly region of Western

the tidal infrastructure installed to

Australia, will commence in late

allow the data to be reduced to chart

September 2022.

datum. The additional benefit of the

Ocean Infinity’s purpose is to use

tidal infrastructure deployed in these

innovative technology to transform

more remote locations is that the

operations at sea, enabling people

data will feed into the Joining Land

and the planet to thrive. The team

and Sea (JLAS) project currently being

in New Zealand and Australia looks

run by LINZ. These sites will densify

forward to embracing this purpose in

the model that will eventually allow

the region. Further information can be

for the seamless mapping of the

found at www.oceaninfinity.com.

littoral zone, and permit the use of

•

two consecutive years (2022/23).

While we are now part of a marine robotics company, not every survey will require the use of an autonomous fleet. The team has commenced the coastal phase of the project in Tarakohe using our recently purchased 7.5m Surtees vessel, the Pekapeka. Small and agile, the Pekapeka has given the team the flexibility

Bathymetric data in the approaches to Port Tarakohe to enable safe navigation and a greater understanding of the marine habitat.

to both chart the shallow Tarakohe Harbour to the drying line for the Port of Tarakohe and also confidently tackle the exposed, dynamic region around Separation Point.

Remaining in the coastal phase are surveys of Croisilles Harbour (western Marlborough Sounds), Pepin Island (Nelson) and finishing with Port Hardy (Durville Is) by late July. Next year the Pekapeka will be replaced by a larger, possibly autonomous, vessel, for the deeper, more exposed areas, which

Marine laser scanning data can be merged with bathymetric data to more robustly understand and manage the coastal environment.

SURVEYING+SPATIAL

•

Issue 108 June 2022 31

• BUSINESS

MANAGEMENT

TOP 10 BUSINESS BOOKS EVERY MANAGER SHOULD READ Edward O’Leary, Abtrac What does it take to become a successful leader?

How do you manage, motivate and gain the respect from your team?

It’s clear there is no shortage of business books to help inspire and develop your leadership skills so we’ve put together the top 10 every manager should read.

1. How to Win Friends & Influence People

by Dale Carnegie This one of the first best-selling self-help books ever published. It has sold over 30 million copies worldwide and went on to be named #19 on Time Magazine’s list of 100 most influential books in 2011.

As relevant as ever, Dale Carnegie’s principles endure, and will help you achieve your maximum potential in the complex and competitive modern age.

Learn the six ways to make people like you, the twelve ways to win people to your way of thinking, and the nine ways to change people without arousing resentment.

This timeless best seller is definitely

“must read” list.

3. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change

by Stephen R. Covey One of the most inspiring and impactful books ever written, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People has captivated readers for 25 years. It has transformed the lives of World Leaders and CEOs, educators and parents - in short, millions of people of all ages and occupations.

Covey presents a holistic, integrated, principle-centred approach for

2. Think and Grow Rich: The Landmark Bestseller – Now Revised and Updated for the 21st Century

by Napoleon Hill

and pointed anecdotes, Covey reveals

While promoted as a personal

advantage of the opportunities that

the text concerns increased income.

The author insists that the philosophy taught in the book can help people succeed in any line of work, to do and be anything they can imagine.

The book was first published during the Great Depression and by 2015

Issue 108 June 2022

If you haven’t already, put it on your

solving personal and professional

book, the book’s title and much of

•

worldwide.

worth a read.

development and self-improvement

32 SURVEYING+SPATIAL

over 100 million copies had been sold

problems. With penetrating insights a step-by-step pathway for living with fairness, integrity, honesty and human dignity – principles that give us the security to adapt to change, and the wisdom and power to take change creates.

4. Outliers: The Story of Success

by Malcolm Gladwell Gladwell takes us on an intellectual journey through the world of “outliers”- and asks the question: what makes high-achievers different?

His answer is that we pay too much attention to what successful people are like, and too little attention to

more and working less, The 4-Hour Workweek is the blueprint.

he explains the secrets of software

7. The Art Of War

by Sun Tzu

billionaires, what it takes to be a

‘Opportunities multiply as they are

great soccer player, why Asians are

seized.’ Written in the 6th century BC,

good at maths, and what made the

Sun Tzu’s The Art of War is a Chinese

Beatles the greatest rock band.

military treatise that is still revered

where they are from. Along the way

Brilliant and entertaining, Outliers is

today as the ultimate commentary on

9. Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap ... And Others Don’t

by Jim Collins A truly beneficial management book that describes how companies transition from being good companies to great companies, and how most companies fail to make the transition.

“Greatness” is defined as financial

a landmark work that will simultane-

war and military strategy. Focusing on

ously delight and illuminate.

the principle that one can outsmart

5. The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business

by Charles Duhigg

your foe mentally by thinking very

Explore the science behind habit

Sun Tzu’s timeless appraisal of the

creation and reformation.

different aspects of warfare are laid

In The Power of Habit, award-winning

out in 13 chapters, including sections

New York Times business reporter

on ‘Laying Plans’, ‘Waging War’ and

Charles Duhigg takes us to the

‘Terrain’. Words that are as resonant

thrilling edge of scientific discoveries

today in every aspect of our lives as

that explain why habits exist and how

they were when he wrote them.

they can be changed. With penetratvast amounts of information into

8. Thinking, Fast and Slow

by Daniel Kahneman

engrossing narratives, Duhigg brings

The phenomenal New York Times Best-

to life a whole new understanding

seller by Nobel Prize-winner Daniel

Over twenty years ago, Worre began

of human nature and its potential for

Kahneman, Thinking Fast and Slow

focusing on developing the skills to

transformation.

offers a whole new look at the way

become a network marketing expert.

our minds work, and how we make

Now he shares his wisdom in a guide

people and companies struggle to

decisions. Why is there more chance

that will ignite your passion for this

change, despite years of trying, while

we’ll believe something if it’s in a

profession and help you make the

others seem to remake themselves

bold type face? Why are judges more

decision to create the life of your

overnight.

likely to deny parole before lunch?

dreams. He shows you how to find

Why do we assume a good-looking

prospects, present your product, help

person will be more competent? The

them become customers or distribu-

answer lies in the two ways we make

tors, and much more.

choices: fast, intuitive thinking, and

S

ing intelligence and an ability to distil

Along the way we learn why some

6. The 4-Hour Workweek: Escape 9-5, Live Anywhere, and Join the New Rich

by Timothy Ferriss Forget the old concept of retirement and the rest of the deferred-life plan – there is no need to wait and every reason not to, especially in unpredictable economic times. Whether your dream is escaping the rat race, experiencing high-end world travel, earning a monthly five-figure income

carefully about strategy before resorting to physical battle, this philosophy continues to be applied to the corporate and business world.

slow, rational thinking. This book reveals how our minds are tripped up by error and prejudice (even when we think we are being logical),

performance several multiples better than the market average over a sustained period. Collins finds the main reason certain companies have great triumphs over time and how long-term sustained performance can be engineered into the DNA of an enterprise from the very beginning.

The book was a bestseller, selling four million copies and going far beyond the traditional audience of business books.

10. Go Pro: 7 Steps to Becoming a Network Marketing Professional

by Eric Worre

o there we have it, our top 10 must read business books which are sure to help transform,

inspire and develop your company.

and gives you practical techniques

What business books have you read

for slower, smarter thinking. It will

recently that you would highly recom-

enable to you make better decisions

mend?

•

at work, at home, and in everything you do.

with zero management, or just living

SURVEYING+SPATIAL

•

Issue 108 June 2022 33

• LEGAL

COLUMN

THE DIFFERENT FUNDS OF A BODY CORPORATE EXPLAINED – MAKE SURE YOU GET IT RIGHT Claire Tyler, Rainey Collins Lawyers, Wellington, www.raineycollins.co.nz

A

body corporate had weathertightness issues and was working out the best way to fund

the repairs needed to the building.

They had originally budgeted for funds for the repairs to come out of the long-term maintenance fund, as they had budgeted for some repairs in the long-term maintenance plan.

However, the costs very quickly went over the budget item for the repairs and therefore the committee had go to back to the body corporate as a whole to pass a special resolution to continue.

One owner with a large amount of ownership interest then voted against the resolution which brought the process to a halt. That owner advised the body corporate that they also believed the long-term maintenance fund was the wrong fund to use for such repairs.

Types of funds It pays for bodies corporate to be aware of what each fund is for, and make sure they are using them correctly so they don’t get caught out later, especially if the repairs lead to litigation down the track.

The types of funds are as follows: 1. An operating account – this is a general fund into which levies are paid and ordinary bills are paid from. This is compulsory, even for smaller bodies corpo-

courts had more recently held that the fund to be used for large scale remedial works was the contingency fund, and therefore they were using money from the wrong fund.

plan by more than 10% (as happened in the example above).

3. A contingency fund – this is an additional fund for unbudgeted expenses. This is not compulsory. As above, this is the fund that the courts have held should be used for projects such as weathertightness repair projects.

4. A capital improvement fund – this is for spending that adds

costs, for example.

to or upgrades the unit title

2. A long-term maintenance fund – this is a fund maintained to cover maintenance covered by the long-term maintenance plan. Even though all bodies corporate must have a longterm maintenance plan, it is term maintenance fund, as it

advice which confirmed that the

in the long-term maintenance

rate who only share insurance

not compulsory to have a long-

The body corporate took legal

amount specified for that item

development, if the spending is not included in the long-term maintenance plan. For example, a body corporate might decide to turn a grassed area into a swimming pool or change car ports into garages. This is not compulsory.

It will depend on the circumstances

can be contracted out of by spe-

of each body corporate as to whether

cial resolution. A body corpo-

they choose to have certain funds.

rate must, by special resolution,

Levies for the operating account,

approve any amount to be

long-term maintenance fund, and any

spent on any one maintenance

contingency fund are to be worked

item if the amount exceeds the

out in proportion to each unit owner’s (continued on page 40)

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• LEGISLATION

UPDATE

HIGH COUNTRY TENURE REFORM – AGAIN Mick Strack mick.strack@otago.ac.nz

T

Towards the late 20th century

PCE, that there was an overemphasis

hill country is a feature of much

there were increasing demands

in the conservation estate of the high

of Aotearoa’s tourism imagery;

for new land uses; deer, grapes,

country tussock lands and a deficit of

with merino sheep peacefully grazing

recreation, and residential. The costs

other ecosystems like wetlands and

around glacial lakes and with the

of administration of the leases by

lowland forests. Also more land was

snowy Southern Alps backdrop. The

the Commissioner of Crown Lands

freeholded than was returned to the

images evoke the fortitude and resil-

exceeded the income from the leases;

conservation estate. Along with the

ience of the rugged pioneer farmer

there were demands for more land

lease conversions, the Crown was also

family pitting themselves against the

to be returned to the conservation

directly buying leases for multiple

harsh natural environment and social

estate; and demands for increased

millions of dollars to convert directly

isolation. In another context, and to

public access. It was thought that

into the conservation estate.

others, these landscapes are seen as

landuse decisions and sustainable

public spaces; Crown owned and pro-

land use could be better managed

passed through the legislative

tected for conservation purposes. And

through the Resource Management

process (at the time of writing it is

in yet another context, Ngai Tahu may

Act processes.

due to receive the Royal Assent) to

he wide open golden tussock

see these spaces as trailways through

So the Crown Pastoral Land Act

Currently a new reform Bill has

become the Crown Pastoral Land

an ancient land, holding stories of

1998 was created to facilitate the

Reform Act. On the evidence of the

gods, ancestors, and mahinga kai.

conversion of the leases to the Crown

parliamentary debates this may be

estate for vulnerable land, and

similarly contentious. The Act ends

(about 5% of Aotearoa) of such

There are 1.2 million hectares

to freehold for land that could be

tenure review, which indicates an

landscapes in the South Island high

managed for production. This process

acknowledgement that the process

country currently held by the Crown

was voluntary for all parties but

had led to undesirable unintended

but under perpetual pastoral leases.

there was a strong incentive to enter

consequences. The primary premises

into the process. About 140 leases

of the Act are to protect the inherent

chose not to grant fee simple title

were reviewed through this process

values of the high country; to ensure

to this land, but to maintain some

(almost ½ of all Pastoral Lease

that the land is managed sustainably;

control over the landuse decisions by

properties). Those who chose not to

and to provide for land occupation

granting various forms of leasehold

enter the review process can continue

and management that respects mana

interests or occupation licences.

their pastoral practices and to quote

whenua relationships.

Control was required to limit land

one lessee: “we retain autonomy over

It is worth remembering that

use to pastoral use with restricted

access and still have our very valuable

the two key pastoral management

stocking rates. The main justification

summer grazing which with climate

regimes applying to these high

was to protect it from erosion. By

change is essential”.

country estates were 1) the ability

In the 19th Century, the Crown

1948, the Land Act rearranged these

The whole process and the

to use the land from the mountain

pastoral leases into 33 year perpetual

outcomes remain contentious: the

tops to the lake and river edges for

leases with a eleven year reviews.

transfer of millions of dollars from

summer and winter grazing, and

This provided adequate security of

the Crown to the new freeholders;

2) the maintenance of the tussock

tenure to give lessees confidence in

the windfall profits subsequently

ground cover by grazing and burning.

intergenerational investment and

available for the freeholders by

The iconic golden tussock landscapes

it protected property rights to use

changing land use or subdividing for

so loved and so typical of central

and occupy exclusively. These leases

residential use; the amount of land

Canterbury and Otago are maintained

were transferable and in theory

returning to the Crown which DoC

by those management regimes. If

they could be converted to freehold

was not funded to manage; the sub-

those landuses are removed then

by negotiation with the Crown. But

sequent weed infestation (wilding

the landscape and land cover will

freeholding was rare as the leasehold

pines in particular) and loss of natural

change. There has been very signif-

arrangements worked pretty well.

biodiversity; and in the view of the

icant change to some landscapes

36 SURVEYING+SPATIAL

•

Issue 108 June 2022

because of tenure review, most

relationships with leaseholders, iwi,

a consent. Pastoral farming activities

obviously illustrated by the irrigation

and stakeholders.

such as controlling exotic plant pests

of the Mackenzie Country, the rapid

“The bill underpins the Gov-

expansion of wilding pine infesta-

ernment’s view that ongoing,

other activities such as burning or

tions, and the domestication of some

sustainable, and responsible pastoral

clearing indigenous vegetation

areas of the Whakatipu basin.

farming is the best way for this land

are classified as discretionary, and

to be managed. It acknowledged the

some activities, such as draining or

value as “a value that arises from an

value and the role of leaseholders

cultivating wetlands, are proposed to

ecological, a landscape, a cultural, a

in the stewardship of these iconic

be prohibited.

heritage, or a scientific attribute or

properties. The bill also recognises

While some lessees may feel

characteristic of a natural resource

how valued the high country is by

that the rules and expectations on

that—(i) is in or forms part of the

iwi and all New Zealanders, and

them are limiting their property

land or exists by virtue of the natural

this is reflected in the Government’s

rights and their land use decisions,

character of the land; or (ii) relates to

decision to end tenure review.”

many will also be comfortable with

a historic place on or forming part of

(Speech on behalf of Minister at 3rd

their security of tenure and the

that land; but (b) does not include a

Reading 12/5/22)

acknowledgment that these lands are

The new Act defines inherent

pastoral farming activity”.

The Act introduces a consenting

will be classified as permitted, while

best managed by the farmer actively

The proposal makes the Commis-

regime – permitted, discretionary and

present on the land. These farms are

sioner of Crown Lands more account-

prohibited activities – that will enable

usually multigenerational and the

able with the statement of outcomes

LINZ and the Commissioner to focus

lessees have a very strong interest in

and through the monitoring strategy

their resources on applications with a

sustaining their landscapes and their

that has to be developed. Land Infor-

higher risk of impacts while allowing

livelihoods.

mation New Zealand will be required

leaseholders to undertake activities

to be more actively involved with

which are part of normal farming

welcomed as a process without clear

leaseholders through visits on farm to

practice and which only have very

outcome expectations did nothing to

build close and constructive working

minor impacts without the need for

protect our iconic high country.

The end of tenure review must be

•

TURNING UP THE

SURVEY AND SPATIAL NEW ZEALAND

ROTO RUA

1 - 3 AUGUST 2022

2022 CONFERENCE

S U RV E YS PAT IAL NZCONFER EN CE.ORG SURVEYING+SPATIAL

•

Issue 108 June 2022 37

DEVELOPING GUIDANCE FOR THE CADASTRAL SURVEY RULES 2021 Géneviève Abrey, Licensed Cadastral Surveyor & Senior Survey Advisor, Office of the Surveyor-General – Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand

T

he Cadastral Survey Rules 2021 (CSR 2021) came into

material to create a new set of guidance curated for the

force in August 2021 and, since February 2022, new

CSR 2021.

cadastral survey datasets (CSDs) can only be lodged

The new guidance would combine all our guidance in

under them. These new rules replaced the Rules for Cadas-

one place, making it more easily accessible to everyone,

tral Survey 2010 (RCS 2010). The Surveyor-General, Anselm

and it needed to support surveyors undertaking cadastral

Haanen, has the authority and duty to set standards for

surveys and preparing CSDs. To do this, we needed to

the conduct of cadastral surveys under Section 7(1) of the

assess existing guidance related to the survey rules in

Cadastral Survey Act 2002.

the Knowledge Base on our website, and in our internal

The review of the RCS 2010 was started by then

Knowledge Portal. We wanted it to be more user focused,

Surveyor-General, Mark Dyer. The purpose of the review

easier to understand and to apply in practice. And it

was to ensure that the rules were able to be practically

needed to be written, reviewed, and available in time for

applied and were “fit-for-purpose.” The first consultation

the rules to be published in early 2021. The boundaries of

phase of three kicked off in August 2017 with an “Issues

the project had been defined (pun intended) and we were

and Opportunities” paper open for comment. We had 30

ready to get started.

1

responses spanning several different areas of interest. In a

An analysis of more than 330 existing web pages was

high-level breakdown of the feedback, we found that 7%

done, along with considering possible gaps and opportu-

of the feedback on issues related to the guidance on the

nities in the existing material that could also accompany

rules .

the new guidance and benefit users. A final list of topics

2

The “Interpretation guide to Rules for Cadastral Survey

was created, and these were then assigned to authors

2010” that accompanied the RCS 2010 intentionally took

in the team based on experience, availability, areas of

a different approach than previous guidance. They were

expertise and capabilities. We used Trello to manage the

written to “facilitate correct interpretation of the Rules”

project and had weekly online stand-ups to get together

and specifically clarified that they were not there to

and keep track of how we were doing.

provide guidance on survey practice, capturing cadastral

The authors also had support from a communications

survey datasets in Landonline or the pre-validation

team helping us manage the appearance of articles,

process. 3 The review of the RCS 2010 found that this level

creating a consistent look for diagrams and hosting writing

of support was lacking, and surveyors were seeking more

workshops to help guide us through the process. This

clarity and guidance on the rules and how to apply them.

ensured that the final guidance followed a similar theme

After two additional consultation phases in the review

of writing and appearance, while still sharing the appro-

process, the consultation on the Draft Cadastral Survey

priate level of technical guidance needed. This assisted us

Rules 2020 closed in April 2020. The 36 submissions

to achieve the main goal of the guidance: to help the users

received were carefully considered and applied to the

of the rules. The targeted users of the guidelines include

draft, producing a working copy which we could start using

licensed cadastral surveyors and staff under their supervi-

for the new Integrated Guidance Project.

sion, as well as Toitū Te Whenua LINZ survey staff.

The Integrated Guidance Project began in mid-2020. The

The guidelines have been written and designed with the

project was led by Assistant Surveyor-General Lloyd McGar-

customer at the heart. They boast a multitude of visual aids

vey. A team of 18 authors (with a collective experience in

including a series of diagrams, flowcharts, templates, and

surveying that would make you gasp) was assembled from

specific survey plan examples to support explanations. This

across Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand

is all in an effort to support the users of the rules in better

(LINZ). The purpose of the project was to update existing

understanding how to apply them.

38 SURVEYING+SPATIAL

•

Issue 108 June 2022

In May 2021 we published our first tranche of guidance articles on the Toitū Te Whenua LINZ website. We keep adding to this list and updating these articles. To date, we have written a cumulative 23 articles that are either brand-new topics or replace a total of more than 100 existing web pages. The new guidelines are designed to complement the CSR 2021, Cadastral Survey Act 2002 and other legislation as it relates to cadastral surveys. The feedback we have received from surveyors using the new guidelines so far has been predominantly positive.

The current list of topics covered includes: 1. Boundaries 2. Water boundaries 3. Tidal boundaries 4. Quality of boundary definition 5. Field Survey 6. Parcels 7. Non-primary parcels 8. Permanent structure boundaries 9. Content of a CSD, survey report information and CSD certification 10. Capture and depiction 11. Ground movement Figure 1: Flowchart extract from the Tidal Boundaries guidance page to help with recording common marine and coastal area in a CSD 4

12. Re-establishing Canterbury earthquake affected boundaries in greater Christchurch 13. Boundary reinstatements 14. Legalisation CSDs (New Topic) 15. Crown Subdivision CSDs (New Topic) 16. Unit plans (New Topic) 17. Application CSDs (New Topic) 18. CSDs with adverse possession (New Topic) 19. Diagrams on transfer (New Topic) 20. Limited titles 21. Hawke’s Bay interim titles (New Topic) 22. Lodgement Standard 23. Dispensation requests

Figure 2: Diagram extract from the Field Surveys guidance – Primary parcel boundary mark requirement to connect to a CSNM 5

To make them easier to find, they are all accessible together from the “Index to Cadastral Survey Guidelines” page on the website that is searchable using the keyboard function “Ctrl+F”. Each individual article then has an index of what it covers and the articles themselves are also searchable in the same manner.

Figure 3: Diagram Extract from the Water Boundaries Guidance – Accretion not being claimed 6

Figure 4: Screenshot of a Ctrl+F search on the Guidelines Index page

SURVEYING+SPATIAL

•

Issue 108 June 2022 39

While we will still be updating these articles and adding

far. If your branch hasn’t hosted one yet and would like to,

additional material over time, we are at the tail-end of

get in touch with Géneviève at gabrey@linz.govt.nz from

this project. It has been a huge team effort across several

the Cadastral Stream Leadership team to help you organise

groups within Toitū Te Whenua LINZ. And I don’t think I will

one.

be the only one to say that this has been a tremendous

And if you still can’t find what you are looking for,

undertaking, working with fantastic knowledgeable

please email us at SGRulesReview@linz.govt.nz for a quick

surveyors and that we are all very proud of the result. We

turnaround time on CSR 2021 rule-related questions.

can only hope that we have met our goal and that you find

The implementation page can be found at: www.linz.govt.nz/land/surveying/cadastral-sur-

the guidance informative and useful too.

In addition to the guidance articles themselves and the index to the guidance, we have also created a CSR 2021

vey-rules-2021-csr-2021-implementation The Index to Cadastral Survey Guidelines can be found

implementation page. This web page is a great resource

at: www.linz.govt.nz/land/surveying/cadastral-sur-

that I recommend saving as a shortcut on your desktop.

vey-rules-2021-csr-2021-implementation/cadastral-sur-

We have created this page as a “one-stop-shop” for all

vey-guidelines

your CSR 2021-related needs. It has links to the rules

•

themselves, the guidelines index, the clarification page, the lodgement standards, the Landonline pre-validation explanation report, known issues in Landonline and a training webinar to help you convert any existing RCS 2010 CSDs to CSR 2021. This page should be your first port of call when you have CSR 2021 questions.

The Survey & Spatial New Zealand Cadastral Stream is also running a programme, in partnership with Toitū Te Whenua LINZ, to present CSR 2021 Q&A sessions for local branches. These sessions have been really well received so

Figure 6: Screenshot of the RCS 2010 to CSR 2021 Training Video

Figure 5: Screenshot of the CSR 2021 Implementation Page

NOTES 1 Review of the Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 – Issues and Opportunities Paper – 7 August 2017 (https://www.linz.govt.nz/land/ surveying/cadastral-survey-rules-2021-csr-2021-implementation/ review-consultation-process/stage-one-%E2%80%93-identifyingissues-rules) 2 Stage one – Identifying issues with the Rules – 23 September 2021 (https://www.linz.govt.nz/land/surveying/cadastral-survey-rules-2021-csr-2021-implementation/review-consultation-process/stage-one-%E2%80%93-identifying-issues-rules) 3 Interpretation Guide to Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 – LINZG65700 – 6 December 2011 4 Tidal Boundaries Guidelines – Flowchart – 15 February 2022 (https://www.linz.govt.nz/kb/944#flowchart) 5 Field Survey Guidelines – Horizontal Datum Connection – 05 April 2022 (https://www.linz.govt.nz/kb/939#connection) 6 Water Boundaries Guidelines – Accretion – 15 February 2022 (https://www.linz.govt.nz/kb/943#accretion)

(continued from page 34)

utility interest, however, in the case

In many bodies corporate, own-

If you are unsure about your

of a capital improvement fund, the

ership interests and utility interests

obligations, it pays to take legal

levies are worked out in proportion

will be one and the same, unless

advice, as using the wrong fund can

to each unit owner’s ownership

the body corporate has resolved to

later lead to issues if challenged by

interest.

reassess utility interests.

owners.

40 SURVEYING+SPATIAL

•

Issue 108 June 2022

•

• NEWS HYDROGRAPHIC STREAM UPDATE

and Stewart Island. Field work has started in the Tasman

Stuart Caie, Hydrography Stream Chair

region and will continue for the next couple of years.

Where has the year gone?

Society, in conjunction with the S+SNZ Hydro Stream, will

As you will be aware, the S+SNZ Emerging Leaders programme is under way and we are pleased to welcome Jason Zhou to the leadership team. Not all hydrographers are old and crusty, but it’s good to have younger participation.

Working with the SSSI Hydrographic Commission across the ditch, stream members have reviewed the Bureau of

On July 8, the NZ Branch of the Australasian Hydrographic hold a one-day seminar at Miramar Golf Course, Wellington.

The provisional programme comprises a packed day of 12 presentations from industry, Government, Defence, academia and the science community.

A panel discussion will also be held on: ‘How can we

Meteorology course content and material to determine

as an industry provide work experience and potential

how it aligns with the FIG/IHO/ICA Category “A” and “B”

pathways to employment’.

Hydrographic Surveyor syllabus.

In addition, members were invited by the University

The intention is to provide students an opportunity to engage with the profession, across a number of sectors.

of Otago’s School of Surveying to review and provide

It is hoped that members of the Australian Hydrographic

feedback on their curriculum renovation process.

Office will attend, including the National Hydrographer.

In April, a survey was pushed out to stream members.

And finally, June 21 is World Hydrography Day and this

The leadership team is keen to understand more about

year the theme is Hydrography – contributing to the United

the members and help the team plan future events and

Nations Ocean Decade.

activities and meet the needs of the members.

Toitū Te Whenua LINZ presented at the Australasian

The theme is designed to highlight the relevant contribution of hydrography as a discipline of applied

Coasts & Ports Conference, held online 11-13 April, on

sciences to the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for

Supporting Aotearoa’s Coastal Resilience, Sharing data to care

Sustainable Development (2021-2030).

for our Moana and Preparing NZ for e-Navigation.

LINZ is also working with Te Arawhiti, DOC and MPI on a DIA-funded project to enable Integrated Marine Management, through this year’s Digital Government Partnership Innovation Fund.

The marine management system in New Zealand is fragmented with responsibilities, interests and decision-making powers belonging to a wide range of organisations. This project will test how improved access, integration and reuse of marine spatial data can empower transparent, inclusive, and consistent marine spatial planning. The project funding will be used to: 1. develop a technical proof of concept – testing an

It offers the opportunity to emphasise the ability of hydrographers to gather and manage marine data and their strengths in technical collaboration on a global scale.

It also underlines the strategic evolution of national, inter-regional and global activities to support an expanding group of stakeholders with hydrographic information and services.

OTAGO UNIVERSITY SURVEYING STUDENTS ASSOCIATION (OUSSA) The Otago University Surveying Students Association (OUSSA) will have Hawaiian shirts embroidered with the

existing cloud-based technology on four marine

university logo and ‘surveying’ underneath on sale for

management use cases

$40 at the 2022 S+S Conference in Rotorua. Support your

2. develop a Te Ao Māori perspective on New Zealand’s marine data governance.

LINZ hydrographic surveys have been completed at Banks

former association and wear your university badge with pride! Please email oussa1964@gmail.com if you wish to pre-order or arrange an order to be shipped directly to you.

Peninsula, in partnership with ECan and DOC; and at Bluff

SURVEYING+SPATIAL

•

Issue 108 June 2022 41

• UNIVERSITY

HAPPENINGS

SURVEYING OUR RECRUITMENT Richard Hemi

A

s the surveying and spatial

ue to provide generous scholarships

industry in New Zealand and

and awards for our students, as well

school had the luxury of turning

abroad continues to feel the

as those companies that are able to

away even moderate numbers of

effects of high workloads and a short-

provide financial assistance to run our

good students who have met the

age of skilled staff, we need to look

traditional awards event afternoon

minimum first-year standards, and

carefully at providing the appropriate

tea.

we encourage any student who

resourcing for effective recruitment,

It has been many years since the

wants to continue with surveying but

marketing and publicity. While

AS ONE CLASS graduates and moves

hasn’t succeeded in their first year to

global events, inflation and changes

out into the profession, another starts

continue on in one of the other BScs

in immigration patterns will create

at ground zero – our intermediate

on offer.

differing effects on our economy and

year. This year we are pleased to see

housing demands, the longer term

an increase of almost 10% in first-year

and spatial degrees, and ultimately

need for trained S+S professionals is

students.

produce more graduates, our

unlikely to be reduced.

This increase in numbers is timely

The immediate situation is

To increase numbers in all survey

first-year intake needs to increase. A

as the university has officially raised

further interesting point that could

likely to become worse, with the

the Bachelor of Surveying acceptance

greatly increase student numbers

temporary loss of the recently

number to 70; something that may

would be for the profession to

qualified 20-somethings from our

not be well known by members. The

improve its gender balance in re-

profession and others – something

school feels it would be capable of

cruitment and honour a commitment

that I am experiencing first hand

accommodating further students if

S+SNZ made to the Diversity Agenda

with the upcoming departure of my

a larger numbers of students met

in 2020.

two older children on their ‘overseas

the entry requirements. Also, there

experiences’.

is no limit on the entry into the BScs

important to our two polytechnic

Student numbers are also

surveying and spatial courses so this is

institutions offering the NZ Diploma

AT THE TIME of writing this article, the

another area where student numbers

in Surveying under the governance

School of Surveying is preparing to

could increase.

of the new national polytechnics

welcome back our kaiwhakapotae –

body – Te Pūkenga. Both Unitec in

graduates – of 2021 for their grad-

WHILE LAST YEAR’S SURV101 class had

Auckland, and Toi Ohomai in Tauranga

uation ceremony. After two years of

100 students, a number of these

(teaching students by distance

disrupted graduations, we are looking

students either did not pass the

in various locations around the

forward to celebrating and honouring

minimum standard of seven papers

country) report positive numbers and

the achievement of this class.

for entry into the BSurv, or were

busy teaching workloads. The two

taking the paper as part of another

institutions are currently working

degree.

hard on a unification programme

The school thanks the companies and survey organisations that contin-

42 SURVEYING+SPATIAL

•

Issue 108 June 2022

of their teaching in order to confirm

recruitment. This marketing would be

with positive results. Have a look at

the diploma qualification with the

predominantly aimed at secondary

their surveying recruitment website,

governing Workforce Development

schools but should also consider

A Life without Limits: www.alifewith-

Council under the new Te Pūkenga

other age groups and backgrounds;

outlimits.com.au/about-surveying.

structure.

for example, second-career workers.

While this is not the complete answer,

Unitec’s student numbers enjoy a

it certainly is a good measure on the

capacity with students, and, with

Toi Ohomai, in particular, is at full

relatively large cohort of mid-age

right bearing.

only two fulltime staff, has at times

students starting on a new career.

found it difficult to accommodate

In support of recruitment, many

FINALLY, ON BEHALF of the School

new students who may wish to study

surveyors are already providing

of Surveying and Unitec, I wish

surveying from afar. Any assistance

significant contributions to careers

to acknowledge the recent and

from the surveying profession in the

events, school outreach, and work

sudden passing of Malcolm Archibald.

way of guest lectures or similar help

experience days to interested

While Malcolm made significant

would be welcomed. In terms of

students. But this needs to be part of

contributions to the surveying and

growth to the profession, this capacity

a coordinated and structured strategy,

spatial industry in many ways, which

issue represents a risk to recruitment

identifying local and national careers

I am sure will be covered by others,

but also a potential opportunity for

days, shared marketing and targeted

the tertiary sector of S+SNZ is greatly

the sector to provide other regional

events, teaching and presentation

indebted to his inspiring and com-

options for the teaching of the

material and more.

mitted teaching, tutoring and course

diploma.

A number of years ago, our

writing work undertaken at both of

In order to continue to grow

Australian counterparts recognised

these institutions. Many students at

student numbers in all surveying

that they had a major problem with

university, and particularly at Unitec

and spatial courses, the profession

an ageing survey workforce and a

where he taught for many years,

needs to consider a well-resourced,

looming shortage of trained survey-

were extremely fortunate to have had

coordinated and sustainable

ors. They took a decision to invest

Malcolm as a lecturer and mentor.

strategy for ongoing marketing and

heavily in recruitment and marketing,

•

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SURVEYING+SPATIAL

•

Issue 108 June 2022 43

LANDONLINE UPDATE JUNE 2022 Nick Stillwell, Lead Consultant Surveyor, Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand

T

oitū Te Whenua Land Informa-

will be decommissioned in legacy

legacy Landonline. We are pursuing

tion New Zealand (LINZ) has

Landonline.

a concept where surveys can be

piloted the new survey appli-

In the future, when all the func-

digitally rendered; the goal is to

cation with encouraging results, and

tionality is fully transitioned, legacy

create a more usable visualisation

excellent progress continues in the

Landonline will be decommissioned.

of the survey and reduce the effort

survey space with the modernising

It’s at this point that we will start add-

required to prepare it.

Landonline programme.

ing some of the more future-thinking

After demonstrating the new survey application at last year’s S+SNZ conference, we piloted it with a small group of users.

Along with positive feedback,

Exactly what the new world of

functionality that surveyors have

digitally visualised surveys will look

asked for.

like is not predetermined. So far

Testing with School of Surveying

we have tested initial visualisation prototypes of basic cadastral survey dataset (CSDs) with a range of users

particularly around the intuitiveness

The next major milestone for the

– surveyors, solicitors, planners etc –

and the improvements that have

new system is for Otago University’s

from a variety of backgrounds.

been made, usability issues and bugs

School of Surveying students to use it

When the functionality is fully

were identified, and many have been

to complete their 300 and 400 level

transitioned – and we have allowed

addressed. Overall, we have resolved

cadastral surveying papers. This is the

an acceptable timeframe for transi-

many of the issues raised by Survey

perfect audience to thoroughly test

tioning to the new system – legacy

and Spatial members during my

how intuitive the new application is

Landonline will be switched off. At

original engagement with branches

for less experienced Landonline users.

that point all surveyors will need to

and continue to work on others.

It was a no-brainer for LINZ to get

have migrated to the new system.

Pilot indicates seamless transition

involved with the professional devel-

Business owners told us they wanted

when they enter the workforce. As

We will then start adding some of

opment of the students as they will

the more future thinking functionality

all be working in the new Landonline

that surveyors have asked for.

At the time of writing, I have

the transition to the new system to

well as telling us how much help new

been in contact with many survey

have less impact on their business

Landonline users will need to get up

organisations about their preferred

than the initial Landonline rollout.

to speed, the students’ feedback will

approach to getting involved in the

We are encouraged by feedback

inform an online help portal that we

new Landonline, and nearly all have

are developing.

indicated a preference to have a user

from pilot users indicating they learnt how to use the new capture tools by

involved early.

is a promising sign that the transition

Migrating to the new system

is seamless, and the system is easy to

The new Landonline for survey is like-

use.

ly to be launched to all surveyors in

meet our needs as surveyors.

2023. Initially it will only be capture in

Get involved in our next pilot

watching a 5-minute help video. This

Initially the new system will be

I’m looking forward to working with all our stakeholder groups as the system is developed and evolves to

completely interoperable with legacy

the new system, for example import

Landonline. As work progresses,

LandXML, mark, vector, irregular line,

we will continue to add missing

parcel, supporting documents, survey

We have a limited number of places

functionality, make improvements,

report, easement schedule with Plan

available on our next pilot so you

and resolve issues to ensure the new

generation will continue in legacy

might like to get involved.

system is robust and fit-for-purpose

Landonline.

If so, please email us at

for survey capture. When all the

But work on replacing plan

engagement@linz.govt.nz and tell us

capture functionality has been

generation will ramp up when

why you would be a good person to

migrated to the new system, capture

capture has been decommissioned in

pilot the new system.

44 SURVEYING+SPATIAL

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Issue 108 June 2022

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