SURVEYING SPATIAL June 2022 #108
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• EDITORIAL
Focus on Projects and Developments
I
n the past few years, major infra-
infrastructure strategy, Rautaki Hanga
structure and project developments
nga o Aotearoa, aims to guide New
around New Zealand have signifi-
Zealand’s infrastructure sector over
cantly increased.
the next 30 years by addressing many
The New Zealand Infrastructure
of the challenges in the industry with
Commission/Te Waihanga Pipeline,
recommendations that are intended
which accrues key information on
to shape the future of infrastructure
infrastructure projects planned in
projects in New Zealand. The govern-
ing the tunnel and re-routing the
New Zealand and project data from
ment is preparing a response to the
railway through a hill beneath State
central government, local councils
strategy report with an action plan
Highway 1.
and the utility sector, states that the
expected to carry out a number of the
pipeline grew from 176 projects and
strategy’s recommendations.
a total value of $6.1 billion in 2019 to
NZ Smart Cities Council Interim Executive Director Jannat Maqbool
In our Projects and Developments
explains the Digital Twin Challenge,
more than 2700 projects and a total
theme this edition, Mary Jo Wagner
the data framework, guidance and
value of $65.6b at the end of 2021.
takes a look at the challenges and
tools to help deliver more sustainable
achievements of the survey team
infrastructure projects, community
continue around the country, in
Major projects and developments
working on Auckland’s City Rail
services and economic development
particular within the Auckland
Link project, the largest transport
in future planning projects.
region with substantial numbers
infrastructure project ever to be
of multi-disciplinary staff from the
undertaken in New Zealand.
engineering, construction, surveying and spatial sectors.
And finally, surveying thousands of square kilometres of seafloor near
Beca’s Technical Director of
Tonga’s Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha’apai
Planning Kathleen Bunting outlines
volcano, NIWA presents its latest
The City Rail Link, a new light
the benefits of Auckland’s City Centre
project aboard the research vessel RV
rail transit service from Auckland
to Māngere (CC2M) light rail develop-
Tangaroa, investigating the undersea
City to Māngere, and the proposed
ment and how the 24km line can be
impacts of the recent volcanic
East-West, which will provide a new
maximised to shape the future of the
eruption.
link on the north side of the Māngere
City of Sails.
inlet between SH20 at Onehunga
The challenges of undertaking
and SH1 at Mount Wellington, among
KiwiRail’s Tunnel 21 project on
the major projects under way in our
the South Island’s Main
biggest city.
North Line is the focus
The upward trend is predicted to
of Tonkin + Taylor’s
rise even more over the next few
article by Lindy
years, with increasing opportunities
Andrews and
across all sectors as well as some
Rob Hunter
considerable challenges to take into
this edition.
account in the near future.
This major
Net-zero carbon emission targets,
•
infra-
increasing energy demands, the
structure
impacts of climate change and
project
coastal erosion as well as escalating
involved
construction costs and a shortfall of
the
workers are just some of the issues
colossal
the sector is facing.
task of
New Zealand Infrastructure/
decom-
Te Waihanga’s recently released
mission-
Major projects and developments continue around the country, in particular within the Auckland region with substantial numbers of multi-disciplinary staff from the engineering, construction, surveying and spatial sectors. SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022 1
Survey and Spatial
New Zealand TĀTAI WHENUA
Contents JUNE 2022
SURVEYING+SPATIAL ISSUE 108 JUNE 2022
A publication of Survey and Spatial New Zealand, Tātai Whenua. ISSN 2382-1604 www.surveyspatialnz.org
EDITOR Rachel Harris surveyingspatial@gmail.com All rights reserved. Abstracts and brief quotations may be made, providing reference is credited to Surveying +Spatial. Complete papers or large extracts of text may not be printed or reproduced without the permission of the editor. Correspondence relating to literary items in Surveying+Spatial may be addressed to the editor. Papers, articles and letters to the editor, suitable for publication, are welcome. Papers published in Surveying+Spatial are not refereed. All correspondence relating to business aspects, including subscriptions, should be addressed to: The Chief Executive Survey and Spatial New Zealand PO Box 5304 Lambton Quay Wellington 6140 New Zealand Phone: 04 471 1774 Fax: 04 471 1907 Web address: www.surveyspatialnz.org Email: admin@surveyspatialnz.org
Distributed free to members of S+SNZ. Published in March, June, September and December by S+SNZ.
DESIGN & PRINT MANAGEMENT KPMDesign – www.kpmdesign.co.nz info@kpm.co.nz
1
Editorial
4
Shedding Light on a Dark Project
Rachel Harris
Mary Jo Wagner
11 Maximising
the Benefits of Auckland Light Rail
12
Kathleen Bunting 17 Tunnel 21 Lindy Andrews 21 Digital Twins,
For All
Jannat Maqbool 25 Tonga Volcano
Undersea Impacts Explored
17
NIWA
30 Ocean Infinity
Enters the Region Rhys Davies
TO ADVERTISE Email: admin@surveyspatialnz.org or contact Jan Lawrence +64 4 471 1774
36
32 Top 10 Business
Books Every Manager Should Read Edward O’Leary
34 Legal Column:
Different Funds of a Body Corporate Claire Tyler
36 High Country
Tenure Reform Mick Strack
38 Developing
Guidance for the Cadastral Survey Rules 2021
9
Géneviève Abrey 41 News 42 University
Happenings: Surveying Our Recruitment Richard Hemi
44 Landonline
Update June 2022 Nick Stillwell
26 SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022 3
Inside Auckland’s new City Rail Link Tunnel
4 SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022
• PROJECTS
& DEVELOPMENTS
SHEDDING LIGHT ON A DARK PROJECT W hat often get lost in the
gloss of large construction projects are the small,
precise elements that lead to the
high-profile finish – the nitty grit-
Surveying and scanning ease challenge of building New Zealand’s first underground railway
ty points and nuts and bolts that surveyors meticulously measured, set out and measured again to ensure buildings are straight, floors are level, tunnels are the right shape and railway lines are correctly aligned. But surveyors are used to succeeding in the shadows – sometimes literally. Nearly 40 metres below Auckland, the survey teams with Link Alliance have been guiding the successful build of New Zealand’s first under-
Mary Jo Wagner
ground rail network for the past two years. The largest transport infrastructure project ever to be undertaken in New Zealand, the NZ$4.4 billion City Rail Looking down into the tunnel entrance shaft from ground level
Link (CRL) will build a 3.45-kilometre twin-tunnel underground rail link up to 42 metres below the city centre.
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Issue 108 June 2022 5
Using Trimble SX12 scanning total station instrument to measure as-built shotcrete thickness to verify the construction is meeting project tolerances. The twin tunnels will vary in depth so two different construction methods are required: cut and cover where the
they first arrived on site in September 2019. “With the accuracy, automation and
tunnels are dug from the surface, and
user-friendliness of our gear, and the
mined tunnels using either excavators
skills of our team, we’ve been able to
or a 7m by 7m tunnel boring machine
work smoothly and quickly to keep
(TBM). Crews will also redevelop
everyone on track without sacrificing
two existing stations (Mt Eden and
tight control, process or precision,”
Britomart) and construct two new
says Williams.
underground stations (Aotea and Karangahape). When complete, the
Under control The first critical element they needed to get right was the primary survey control network, which was no easy feat given the project extends through three suburbs and principal construction would run through the heart of Auckland’s built-up central business district. Unlike with previous projects where tunnel survey teams
CRL will carry up to 54,000 people an hour, moving the equivalent capacity of three Auckland Harbour Bridges or 16 extra traffic lanes into and through the city at peak times. “As surveyors, we’re like the hunters and gatherers; we collect a lot of data and provide it to many teams,” says Sam Williams, surveyor manager with Link Alliance, a group of New Zealand and international companies building the CRL. “And it needs to be good data because the success of this entire project rides on the exactness of our survey points and measurements. We have to be right all the time.” To Williams and his survey crew’s credit, their survey marks have been right 100 per cent of the time since
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Issue 108 June 2022
The survey team using Trimble Access field software with the S7 robotic total station to guide and position rockbolt drilling machines.
Establishing above ground survey control with a robust traverse network in preparation for the start of tunnel construction. have set up their own control net-
justment software to more accurately
fine lock allowed us to measure and
works, Williams wanted to establish a
compute each station’s coordinates,
establish a 3km baseline, in a built-up
high-quality primary control network
ultimately creating a primary network
city environment, with a single prism
that could also be used for the entire
baseline precise to 1-2mm.
at 1-2mm accuracy.
project.
For vertical control Williams
Pairing that with our vertical control
Setting up on the summit of Mt
performed a 10-km level run with the
results gave us the confidence that
Eden 4km south of the CBD, Williams
Trimble DiNi 03 level, measuring from
when we took that network down
used Trimble R10 GNSS receivers to
the base of Mt Eden, down through
to street level and created secondary
verify the Land Information New
each station and back again with an
construction control for the guys on
Zealand (LINZ) continuously operating
impressive misclosure of 4mm.
site, our tunnels and our stations
reference station (CORS) at the port
“The S9, DiNi and TBC network
were going to tie in perfectly.”
of Auckland and established that as
adjustment were game changers for
In the tunnels, the teams have been
his base station. He then carried out
this,” says Williams. “The long-range
setting out targets at set intervals—ev-
static GNSS observations on three existing LINZ datums and verified those accuracies. Satisfied with that foundation, he performed a series of four-to-six-hour observations with R10 receivers to extend the GNSS campaign to marks more relevant to the project. They established two new marks at each of the three project stations visible from the summit of Mt Eden – two of which were at heights of 10 storeys and six storeys. After the GNSS survey, Williams performed terrestrial observations with the Trimble S9 total station on the same intervisible marks to further improve the horizontal accuracy. He then input those measurements into Trimble Business Centre (TBC) network ad-
Trimble R10 GNSS receivers were used to establish a survey control network tied into an existing Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) reference station.
SURVEYING+SPATIAL
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Issue 108 June 2022 7
The survey team was instrumental to building the initial 50-m-long tunnel portal for the TBM and then ensuring it stayed on the right path during boring. ery 80m inside the TBM tunnels and
They began to relieve some of that
50m inside the mined tunnels – and
pressure in February 2021 when they
earthworks in real time and confirm
then build a secondary network off
acquired the Trimble SX12, a total
excavation and shotcrete accuracy on
those to fill the gaps between and
station and scanner combination that
the fly,” says Williams. “Once teams
provide control on both sides of the
can scan a full dome at 100m with a
get to a certain advance point, we
tunnel.
point density of
set up and guide the last pieces using
With those primary and secondary
0.1m in 11 minutes, offers a
“With the SX12, we can monitor the
the instrument’s quick scanning and
control networks, Williams has
1.6-second total station measuring
calculating functions in the TSC7’s
maintained site control at the surface
time in prism mode, and can pinpoint
Trimble Access software. When
and in the tunnels at 3mm or less.
a 3mm diameter spot at 50m with its
that’s done, we scan the finished
green, eye-safe laser pointer.
excavation, compare it to the design
Tracking the tunnels
“With tunnels you need both total
model on our controller, and then
Whether setting out, confirming
station and scanning functionality,”
scan the first layer of shotcrete. Then
earthworks, guiding machines,
says Williams. “With the SX12, we
with Access software, we can use the
marking bolt locations or capturing
have both in one unit and that alone
previous excavation scan to produce
as-builts, life in the tunnels has been
saves us hours in the field because
a heat map that’ll indicate areas
ruled by cramped quarters and “Hurry
we can do our set-outs, volume
that don’t have proper thickness and
up”.
calculations and as-builts from one
they can top it up with shotcrete. It
set-up. And because the scans are
removes any need for post-processing
vey support or confirmation, but mine
automatically georeferenced, it saves
in the office and keeps us moving.”
tunnelling is very production focused
us significant time in the office as
so the tunnellers want you in and
well.”
“Nothing advances without our sur-
out as fast as you can,” says Darrell
The ability to perform multiple
At Mt Eden, speed and agility have been particularly critical. As the first launch point for the 130m-long
Wymer, Link Alliance’s tunnel survey
functions from the same set-up has
TBM, teams first needed to create a
manager. “Once an excavation or
boosted their efficiency, precision and
50m-long tunnel to set the TBM on
shotcreting is deemed complete, we
speed, particularly at Mt Eden and
the right course for its 860m-long
need to scan the cut and check that
Karangahape, two of their busiest
journey to Karangahape station. In
against the design model stored on
work sites.
parallel, they began building three
our Trimble TSC7 controller to identify
For the Karangahape station
tunnels – each at different directions
any underbreaks or overbreaks. From
tunnels, teams sunk a 25m-diameter
and heights – and constructing twin
that scan we need to produce a point
shaft 25m deep and then tunneled
rail lines that will tie-in to an existing
cloud to support the geologist’s geo-
20m east and west to provide launch
line. The functionality of the SX12 has
logical mapping and create reports
points for excavating the station’s
enabled one, two-person crew to
that show conformance to design for
278m-long rail tunnels that include
handle the aggressive workload.
the construction, engineering and
203m-long platforms. As the two
client teams – all in less than an hour.
excavators and road header advance,
between surveying and scanning
So, we’re under significant pressure to
survey teams use the SX12 to guide
has cut the time we need to be at the
perform our work accurately without
the excavation, set out rock bolts, and
face checking and collecting data by
causing great delay to the tunnellers.”
confirm shotcrete layers.
60 per cent,” says Wymer. “We can
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Issue 108 June 2022
“The ability to seamlessly switch
exported to the controllers for field
Working in dark isolation can make
crews to support the excavators and
it difficult to see the light at the end
roadheader guidance systems and
of the tunnel but crews received
to guide, monitor and verify all the
their first validation that the CRL is on
construction work like installing the
track on October 16 when the TBM
reinforcement layers.
broke through at the Karangahape
And sometimes, because of the
station site – right on target. It was
dynamic nature of the tunnels and the
a significant milestone and nod
The Trimble S9 was used to establish survey control points for the TBM (tunnel boring machine) guidance system to ensure the tunnel was built in the correct direction, accurately.
geologic composition of rocks, Wymer
to Williams and his survey crews,
has had to be ready to respond to
giving them the confidence that their
urgent requests for design model
process, precision and tight control
changes.
will serve the team well in their drive
collect a polygon scan of a tunnel
gists have called for a design change,”
this scale, for this length of time
face in about 2-3 minutes, and that’s
says Wymer. “That means we have to
and not had some sort of survey
including photos. That speed allows
generate a new design by the time
incident,” says Williams. “That’s a
us to be so much more responsive.”
the next cut is complete. On a good
great testament to our team and our
day we may have six hours to make
technology.”
The confidence in knowing they’ve
“There have been times when they’ve hit bad rock and the geolo-
to complete the project by 2024. “I’ve never been on a project of
captured all the points they need at
changes to the profile and adjust
each set up has also been a boon.
bolt positions but if the call has been
who sweat the small stuff to achieve
made overnight, we’ll often only
a big reward.
“Usually, we’re about 10-15m away from whatever we’re surveying,” says
have an hour to turn it around. With
Williams “With traditional terrestrial
the scan detail and the automation
total stations, we produce reports
and bulk data import features in TBC,
every 500mm in chainage and every
we can meet these tight timelines so
300mm of profile around the tunnel.
crews can keep working at speed.”
Measuring each of those points
It’s also a testament to survey crews
•
Mary Jo Wagner is a Vancouver-based freelance writer with 25 years’ experience in covering geospatial technology. She can be reached at e-mail: mj_wagner@shaw.ca
manually takes a long time. With scanning, you pick up every surface in its entirety at 95 per cent accuracy and you capture it all in minutes.”
All by design Equal to the versatility and efficiency of their instruments has been their software functionality, particularly the TBC tunnel module where all the tunnel design and as-builting happens. Wymer has been using the specialised software to create three design profiles: one for excavation, one for the shotcrete lining and one for the final concrete lining – a process he needs to repeat for each tunnel section. All of those models are Overview images of the tunnel entrance shaft from the vantage point of a survey control point occupied by a Trimble GNSS receiver
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Issue 108 June 2022 9
• PROJECTS
& DEVELOPMENTS
MAXIMISING THE BENEFITS OF AUCKLAND LIGHT RAIL Kathleen Bunting, Technical Director of Planning, Beca
The Government has released its long-awaited decision on the future of Auckland Light Rail – with light rail to run along a tunnelled route from Wynyard Quarter and past the University of Auckland to Mt Roskill, before surfacing and running at street level to Onehunga, Māngere town centre and the airport. The new 24km line, known as City Centre to Māngere (CC2M), will have up to 18 stations, with services running every five minutes – enabling up to 15,000 passengers per hour to ‘turn up and go’. The lead up to the light rail decision has created considerable excitement in relation to the project’s benefits – as well as much expected trepidation by those concerned about the project’s significant costs and potential effects. One of those in the ‘excited’ camp is Kathleen Bunting – Technical Director of Planning at Beca. In this article, Kathleen discusses the many ‘city shaping’ benefits CC2M will bring for Tāmaki Makaurau, and how these can be maximised.
How is CC2M ‘city shaping’? CC2M is quite rightly described, by Minister Robertson, Minister Wood, Mayor Goff and the Indicative Business Case (IBC) summary report, as a ‘city-shaping’ project - but what does that really mean? We can get an idea by looking at examples overseas, especially our nearest neighbours in Australia where light rail projects have recently been retrofitted into existing urban areas to revitalise and transform them (e.g. Sydney CBD, Parramatta and Newcastle). However, some of the city-shaping changes for Auckland will also be quite specific to our unique context, such as our particularly narrow urban isthmus, the cultural significance of both the land and waterbodies to Mana Whenua, and the differing social demographics along the proposed CC2M corridor.
A step change in access to places people live, work, learn and play I hope it’s becoming clear to the Auckland public that transporting
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Issue 108 June 2022 11
SOURCE: Auckland Light Rail
tourists or businesspeople to and from the airport is not the
people out of their cars and onto public transport. This
primary purpose of CC2M. The project is about supporting
shift onto public transport is critical to support Auckland’s
sustainable growth in our city, by improving accessibility of
sustainable growth, to mitigate traffic and bus congestion
people to the places they live, work, learn and play.
in the CBD and on key corridors (like Dominion Road, SH20
It’s also about equity of access i.e. supporting people from all different mobilities, socio-economic circumstances, age groups, family circumstances and reasons
and Symonds Street), and to meet New Zealand’s net zero carbon target by 2050. A key way to maximise these transport and density
for travelling. Light rail caters for everyone, including the
benefits will be seamless integration of CC2M with the
mobility impaired (disabled, parents with prams, elderly),
broader public transport and active mode network, as well
those that don’t have access to a car, and those that want a
as expansion of the rapid transit network to the north and
more sustainable transport choice.
north-west. This is why it’s essential the project is future-
The selected route will enable people living in areas like
proofed for, and integrated seamlessly with these future
Māngere and Mount Roskill, who have been historically
connections, the planned Additional Waitematā Harbour
under-served by public transport, to travel more easily
Connection, and the wider Auckland bus, heavy rail and
to work and education. The CBD, Onehunga and the
active mode networks.
airport precinct are key employment nodes and much of Auckland, close to the recommended CC2M route. In fact,
Unlocking housing and urban development opportunities along the corridor
workers commuting to and from the airport precinct are
In a December 2021 article Shaping Auckland’s future
expected to use the service more than travellers passing
with Light Rail, my colleagues Matt Lindenberg and Bryce
through the airport.
Julyan talked about how the project will enable urban
the Onehunga and airport workforces live in south-west
There are also many schools along the corridor, and
regeneration and housing intensification along the
the central city segment will significantly improve public
corridor, especially in walkable catchments from stations.
transport access to the city’s university precinct. It will
The National Policy Statement on Urban Development now
also enhance connectivity to social services and facilities,
directs Auckland Council to enable high density (minimum
cultural, sport and recreation facilities like the waterfront,
six-storey) development around rapid transit stops. This
restaurants and shopping, festivals and events in the CBD,
means very careful consideration will need to be given to
Eden Park, maunga, and the Onehunga and Māngere
stop locations, and good masterplanning and planning
Bridge foreshores.
interventions like plan changes will be needed within
A high-quality light rail system will relieve pressure on land demand for cars and parking, and will have the
those precincts to maximise the benefits. The IBC Summary Report predicts that CC2M integrated
capacity to carry significantly more people per square
with planning interventions (e.g. policies and provisions
metre than our current bus and car-based system. In this
that enable well-designed, medium to high density
way, it will improve both the physical capacity for density
housing) will enable a doubling of quality development
in our city, and the functioning of higher density devel-
along the corridor with up to 66,000 new homes1. That
opment. CC2M will support development of denser and
would be a step change in addressing Auckland’s housing
wider housing close to rapid transit, and encourage more
supply issues – and critically, will enable housing and other
12 SURVEYING+SPATIAL
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Issue 108 June 2022
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Issue 108 June 2022 13
mixed uses next to high quality, frequent
flexibility this will bring at the surface to
and reliable public transport. The
congested road corridors like Queen
recommended CC2M route also
Street and Dominion Road. It will
connects to two major areas
mean more room for walking,
of social housing redevelop-
cycling and scootering,
ment, proposed by Kāinga
high-quality public spaces,
Ora, at Mount Roskill and
festivals and events, active
Māngere, as well as other
street frontages and maybe
key urban redevelopment
even outdoor dining on
opportunities at Wynyard,
Queen Street! This is already
Dominion and New North
envisaged as part of the City
Road junction, and around
Centre Masterplan 2020, which
the Onehunga and Māngere town centres. CC2M will undoubtedly attract significant
seeks to pedestrianise much of SOURCE: Auckland Light Rail Establishment Unit
investment in high density housing and
Queen Street and assumed light rail at surface along Queen Street, but would also work well with tunnelled light rail. In fact,
commercial developments close to light rail stops, and the
light rail underground will make even more room for
value of this land will likely increase. Land value increase
these active and lively uses of space and place.
around rapid transit stops (especially within 400-500m) has
The project should also mean less noise and cleaner air
been the experience elsewhere, including Sydney , and was
in the CBD catchment and other road corridors (relative to
predicted by the Chief Economist Unit at Auckland Council in
doing nothing). All of this will make these corridors much
2018 . This is a key reason why private entities are interest-
more pleasant, safer spaces to be and will change the way
ed in investing in rapid transit around the world (It generally
we use and enjoy them.
2
3
isn’t to make money off the actual services.) in relation to housing and rent affordability, there is also
Helping to meet our greenhouse gas reduction targets
a real opportunity to use this value increase to help fund
The IBC Summary report notes that New Zealand’s net
major projects like this one, and/or to capture this value
zero carbon target by 2050 is based on a tripling of public
for public benefit like social housing. This is a concept
transport trips within Auckland. This tripling simply won’t
known as ‘value capture’ (see figure to right), and is one
be possible without a high-quality public transport
way to minimise public costs and maximise benefits of the
network, including new rapid or mass transit corridors like
project overall.
CC2M. CC2M will contribute to this target by shifting more
More space for better uses in the CBD, and Dominion Road/Sandringham Road corridors
journeys onto public transport and enabling more intense
Although land value increases are a genuine concern
development of housing and mixed uses close to rapid transit stops.
CC2M will enable Auckland Transport to remove a
Maximising the benefits of CC2M
substantial number of buses from key routes in the city.
In summary, CC2M is a significant opportunity for Tāmaki
This applies mainly to those buses operating along the
Makaurau to provide a step change in access, connectivity,
CBD-Dominion Road corridor, but also the Sandringham
travel choice, housing and urban development. It is also
Road and Mount Eden Road corridors. The actual benefit
expected to contribute to placemaking along the corridor,
in relation to buses is that the current CBD-Dominion Road
help to meet our greenhouse gas reduction targets, and
corridor is at or nearing capacity – effectively constrained
have various other cultural, environmental, social and
by the numbers of buses that can enter the CBD, particu-
economic wellbeing benefits.
larly through the Symonds Street choke point. This means
The IBC Summary report talks in some detail about
another solution is required – preferably one that does not
ways to maximise these benefits – and particularly the
utilise existing corridor space, like the preferred tunnelled
importance of integrated urban interventions in tandem
light rail solution.
with CC2M. The table below is my summary of those
A key benefit of an underground route through the city as far as Mount Roskill is the additional space and
14 SURVEYING+SPATIAL
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Issue 108 June 2022
interventions and other ways to maximise the project’s benefits.
But what are the trade-offs for all these benefits?
Kathleen has worked on planning approvals and business cases for major transport infrastructure projects in Auckland
Clearly one of the key trade-offs of CC2M is monetary. Ways to balance the financial costs with the project’s benefits
Rail Link; and in Auckland, the North Shore Busway and Te
phase.
Tupu Ngātahi Supporting Growth transport route protection
Another trade-off will be the adverse effects of the project’s construction and operation, such as business and community disruption. In the world of major infrastructure, disruption/effects are an unfortunate reality and cannot be avoided entirely. This is particularly true in an already environmental and social values like Tāmaki Makaurau.
lic transport projects in those cities. In Sydney this included the CBD and South East Light Rail and the South West (heavy)
will be a key focus of the next Detailed Business Case
urbanised, narrow isthmus with significant cultural,
and Sydney for 23 years – including some of the largest pub-
•
projects. As a business case writer and environmental/urban planner, she has a solid understanding of both the benefits and effects of projects of this type and scale. NOTES 1. Auckland Light Rail 2. Does residential property price benefit from light rail in Sydney? – Mulley et al. 2018 3. How rapid transit access adds to property values – Auckland Council 2018
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Issue 108 June 2022 15
5 differences between a good recruiter — and a cowboy... Here are 5 tell-tale signs to help you discern a kick-ass recruiter from a drop-kick...
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• PROJECTS
& DEVELOPMENTS
TUNNEL 21 (TAR BARREL TUNNEL BYPASS) – KIWIRAIL MNL RESILIENCE PROJECT
Lindy Andrews, Senior Content Advisor & Rob Hunter, Engineering Geologist & Project Manager, Tonkin+Taylor
T
unnel 21 is a KiwiRail tunnel situated on the Main North Line (MNL) between Ward and
the Ure (or Waima) River, about 45 minutes south of Blenheim. The tunnel was constructed during the ‘Golden Age’ of the railways (1870s – 1945), with the tunnelling works completed in 1913. At this time, the MNL was segmented along the east coast of the upper South Island, with this section of the line starting in Blenheim and extending towards Kaikōura. It reached Seddon in 1902, Ward in 1911 and then Wharanui (13 km south of Ward) in 1913, before the onset of World War 1 saw progress halted and 7529 railway workers released for war service. Thousands were again released during World War 2. The MNL was finally completed in 1945, the feat marking a significant point in history as New Zealand’s longest railway construction project. The line now spans from Addington in Christchurch to Picton in Marlborough, along a total length of 348 km. In its heyday, there were 65 bustling stations along the route.
A deteriorating tunnel
works had done and with the recent Seddon and Kaikōura earthquakes,
Tunnel 21 is also known as the ‘Tar
the tunnel’s condition had deteriorat-
Barrel’ and extends 167 m through a
ed. Whilst local repairs and ongoing
weak and fractured mudstone rock,
maintenance kept the tunnel
adjacent to the London Hill Fault.
operating safely, KiwiRail would like
There have been several stories as to the origin of the name ‘Tar Barrel’. The most likely explanation is attributed to a shipwreck near to the mouth of the Ure River, where barrels of recovered tar were carted up the hill and stored near to tunnel portal. For some reason, a barrel reportedly tumbled down the hill, exploded and spilled tar near to one of the
to improve the long-term resilience of the MNL, while also increasing the line speed, and therefore reducing travel time and reducing operating costs. The tunnel has now been infilled with site-won mudstone fill to eliminate the liability, and to ensure resilience to SH1 above.
tunnel portals. The tunnel was lined with in-situ concrete and concrete blocks which had seen better days. Records dating back to the 1970s showed there was cracking in the concrete lining and recommendations for repair works were proposed. Since then, only minor
Tunnel 21 is also known as the ‘Tar Barrel’ and extends 167m through a weak and fractured
mudstone rock, adjacent to the London Hill Fault. SURVEYING+SPATIAL
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Issue 108 June 2022 17
Some of the project team on site during the options assessment stage Exavation of new rail alignment with recently sprayed hydroseed on the batter slopes
Earthmoving vehicles out in force
New 1600 diameter culvert being installed beneath the MNL
Construction of the new ‘Tar Barrel Tunnel Bypass’ with a temporary diversion of SH1 in place until the road can be directed over the roof of the new rail underpass
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Issue 108 June 2022
Time for resilience improvements Options for remedial works were first explored by NCTIR in 2017, before T+T was engaged to work alongside KiwiRail to lead a multi-disciplinary team of consultants to advance the project. From this point on, the project has run at bullet train pace, with the team performing an options assessment, geotechnical site investigations, property acquisitions and detailed design, as well as resource consent and change of designation applications. The project was tendered in late March 2019, in parallel with detailed design. With the tender being awarded in May 2019 and the main works contractor arriving to site to start construction work pretty promptly in June of that year, it was rewarding to see physical works starting to materialise so quickly after all the initial hard work. As a result of the options assess-
ment process, KiwiRail decided
Model of rail underpass SH1 embankments, the presence of
that the preferred solution was
wetlands, integration of stormwater
to decommission Tunnel 21 and
control systems, and planning and
re-route the railway through a hill
consenting challenges.
and beneath State Highway 1 (SH1),
The project has drawn on many of
a little further south of the existing
T+T’s finest skillsets across numerous
Tunnel 21. The end result was a rail
disciplines and offices. As the lead
realignment length of c.1500 m and
consultant, we have performed
a road realignment/change in grade
project management, design
length of c.700 m. All in, c.400,000 m
management, geological site inves-
of mudstone was excavated and
tigations, geotechnical design, civil
transported to nearby fill sites,
and stormwater design, ecological
leaving cut slopes up to 35 m high.
services, planning and environmental
There will also be a new c.100 m
services. To round out the team, we
long rail underpass structure and
partnered with Vitruvius to carry out
approach retaining walls crossing
the road and rail geometrical design,
beneath SH1. Some people say we’ve
Holmes Consulting for the structural
replaced a tunnel with a tunnel, but
design, Beca for the pavement
we say it’s an underpass! The project
design, road safety audits and peer
team had to overcome a number of
reviews, and with The Property Group
complexities including seismic risk,
for property acquisition services.
slope stability issues arising from the
Whilst a majority of the team is based
weak and fractured mudstone, the
in Nelson, we’ve been supported
presence of organic materials and
by staff in Christchurch, Wellington,
predicted settlement surrounding the
Hamilton, and Tauranga.
3
proposed rail underpass structure and
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Issue 108 June 2022 19
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Issue 108 June 2022
• PROJECTS
& DEVELOPMENTS
DIGITAL TWINS, FOR ALL Jannat Maqbool, Interim Executive Director – NZ, Smart Cities Council Australia New Zealand We have less than a decade left to make significant productivity, equity and sustainability gains for our communities, and the Smart Cities Council is going ‘all in’ on the enabling power of data activation, believing the digital twin is the superior approach.
A
s our cities and built environ-
Twin Summit and shared the Australia
ment focus on enabling better
New Zealand Digital Twin Strategy
services and value for citizens,
Draft Blueprint. It is now facilitating
delivering greater economic value,
the inaugural Digital Twin Challenge,
and achieving net zero greenhouse
positioning our region as a leader in
gas emissions from our assets, ad-
the global push to accelerate more
dressing these priorities will depend
productive, sustainable and liveable
on our ability to enhance our city and
built and natural environments
infrastructure planning processes,
through the leveraging of digital
as well as our methods for building
twins.
and operating assets, and delivering social services. This of course is pos-
So, what is a digital twin?
sible, but requires a new generation
The common definition for the digital
of tools, approaches and mindsets.
twin is ‘a digital replica of a physical
The Smart Cities Council believes the
thing’. The Centre for Digital Built
Digital twin is exactly this. With this in mind, in 2020, the Smart Cities Council launched the Australia New Zealand Digital Twin Hub and released the Digital Twin Guidance Note. A year later, the Council hosted the New Zealand Digital
Digital Twin:
a realistic digital representation of something physical. What distinguishes a digital twin from any other digital model is its connection to the physical twin. SURVEYING+SPATIAL
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Issue 108 June 2022 21
Britain defines the digital twin as
cases range from monitoring urban
of mind when it comes to the digital
a realistic digital representation of
canopy, traffic modelling and density
twin. We know however that there
something physical. What distinguishes
mapping to public transport planning,
are a number of challenges, with
a digital twin from any other digital
business and commercialisation
much of what is hindering digital
model is its connection to the physical
opportunities for communications
twin outcomes overlapping into
twin. It’s the second sentence that is
and data-intensive industries, and vi-
digital transformation as a whole –
fundamental. The physical reality is
sualising new developments, driving
digital literacy, digital inclusion and
talking to the digital model.
the establishment of data-sharing
entirely new ways of working. Other
The digital twin provides connec-
models across stakeholders, making
challenges include data availability,
tion, integration, analytics, simula-
the City of Hobart project one for the
the trade-offs between operational
tion, and visualisation, presenting
shortlist.
expenditure waste and upfront
significant potential for ‘activating
Closer to home, Wellington City
data’. The digital twin, through this
Council’s investment into a digital
ethics and data privacy. Furthermore,
lens, thus becomes a tool for directing
twin is helping aid community trust,
going back to its origins in manu-
investment in the most sustainable
information sharing and governing a
facturing and how spatial models,
infrastructure and citizen services
digital infrastructure of collaboration.
dynamic data, sensors, archived data,
with precision like we’ve never seen
capital expenditure, maintaining
pattern simulations and predictions
productivity and the wellbeing of the
The Digital Twin Guidance Note
community.
Created with input from both private
twin, there are fundamental issues
and public sector stakeholders,
that have to be solved such as those
fers to a digital twin ‘souffle’ – people,
the note provides clarity on what
related to data integration.
economy, data and infrastructure, and
a digital twin is, its benefits, and
equipment, as a digitised platform
how to prepare a strategy for their
component of our infrastructure as
for evaluation and interpretation of
application. It also draws from an
bricks and mortar, data about our
information, funding and resources
important resource released by
infrastructure assets needs to be
to predict impact. Melbourne has
the Spatial Information Council for
shared in a way that opens up the
completed a digital twin pilot as an
Australia and New Zealand (ANZLIC) in
benefits yet maintains appropriate
intuitive city solution that responds to
late 2019 – the principles for spatially
levels of privacy and security. Our
the city, highlighting the importance
enabled digital twins of the built and
culture must change from one of
of community engagement and
natural environment in Australia. The
closed, siloed thinking to an open,
clear communication to encourage
guidance note supports these princi-
transparent culture of effective data
trust and understanding of data and
ples, and builds on them to provide
management. We need data leader-
project intentions.
further information to policymakers
ship encompassing purpose, privacy,
and practitioners.
security, ethics, and governance.
and will accelerate climate action,
In Australia, the City of Darwin re-
For the City of Hobart, there are three key drivers to the digital twin
Consistently the themes of user
were layered on, it is evident that to move from this model to the digital
With data now as much a critical
Keeping in mind that any investment
project – contextual multi-modal vi-
experience, data, platforms and tools,
in the digital twin should be systems
sualisation, integrated digital reform
infrastructure and governance are top
based, purpose-driven and outcome
and economic investment friction. Use
focused. Looking ahead, what can we learn from climate change? In the coming years, we will need to collectively report on progress made. We need to consider what information we need to source and gather now – not only for those in power, but for the public and their decision making, too. The Australian Environmental Health (AusEnHealth) Strategic Plan-
The Digital Twin as a Capability
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Issue 108 June 2022
ning Digital Twin, involving Council
The Connected Digital Twin – Centre for Digital Built Britain member FrontierSI, aims to enable
based on engagement with govern-
needed to achieve the 2050 vision –
the ability for policymakers, health
ment, industry and academia relating
that infrastructure lays the foundation
managers and researchers to identify
to digital twin capability develop-
for the people, places and businesses
vulnerable populations, predict future
ment, leadership and governance,
of Aotearoa New Zealand to thrive for
disease burdens and plan for a
standards, use cases and research
generations – and provides options to
changing climate in a coordinated
priorities. Think digital by default, and
achieve that vision. As part of the con-
and timely manner. The solution? To
digital twin as one of the approaches
sultation document, the government
develop a platform that works for
we need to advance. The blueprint,
wants to accelerate investigations on
government, industry and universities
created to influence action and
the use of digital twins and prepare
to contribute to an ecosystem of
investment in digital twins within the
for a nationwide digital twin. More
integrated digital twins. Challenges
built and natural environment in both
recently, the commission has set out a
have included imputation and patchy
Australia and New Zealand includes
roadmap for the next 30 years which
data, availability across states as
a recommendation that Standards
includes embedding digital twins in
not all data is recorded at the same
Australia and Standards New Zealand
our planning processes.
temporal/spatial resolution and,
develop respective national Digital
finally, analysis and the extraction of
Twin Standards Roadmap for their
The Challenge
value. For the National Digital Twin
nations.
Increasingly, across Australia and New
for Flood Resilience project, involving
If we look at digital twin research
Zealand, the value of data in helping
the University of Canterbury, infor-
and what that may look like in 2024,
deliver more sustainable infrastruc-
mation on floor levels is crucial but
and then 2030, words like multi-
ture, providing the best community
isn’t always available. The learning,
disciplinary, AI-built 3D modeling,
services, promoting economic de-
however, is the need for standards.
real-world applications, collaborative
velopment and repairing our critical
learning, and standards harmonisa-
ecosystem services is becoming more
tion pop up.
evident, and what we now urgently
The Australia New Zealand Digital Twin Blueprint
In 2021 the New Zealand Infrastruc-
require are the standards, templates,
‘Digital twins, for all’: the council
ture Commission released He Tūāpapa
tools and guidance documents to
strongly believes this is a data
ki te Ora, Infrastructure for a Better
realise this opportunity. The Digital
activation opportunity for every
Future, setting out the approach that
Twin Challenge will help deliver
government, every agency, every
New Zealand is taking to develop its
this. As the challenge progresses, the
sector and every discipline. It provides
Infrastructure Strategy. The commis-
Smart Cities Council is sharing insights
a series of draft recommendations
sion identified areas where action is
and updates, as well as encouraging
SURVEYING+SPATIAL
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Issue 108 June 2022 23
wider engagement and input, at the
use cases. Shaped in response to over
and frameworks, while there are
Digital Twin Hub.
18 months of industry engagement,
currently component parts, there is a
and an open call for expressions of
need for cohesive, strategic, all-en-
cohort members, representing public,
interest, the resulting knowledge
compassing policy.
private and research sectors, with
resources will be released to the
interests spanning natural resource
market as the programme promotes
conservation, economic develop-
digital twin leadership nationally and
ment, construction and asset opera-
globally.
Through the challenge participating
tion, public health and wellbeing and
What about the digital twin ‘ele-
The 2022 Aotearoa New Zealand Digital Twin Summit The annual summit will be held in
education, are advancing a series of
phant in the room’? Moreover, which
Wellington on July 7, and, in October,
projects to help show what is possible
elephant is trumpeting loudest? Is it
in Melbourne, the Smart Cities Council
with digital twin capability, and how
communicating the value of digital
will also be hosting Digital Twin Week
it enables the activation of data in a
twin, the ‘cost’ question, or is the key
2022. These two major initiatives will
way that supports decision makers.
to focus on enabling collaboration?
address the above and much more
What is that critical issue we are yet
as the Smart Cities Council looks to
a programme of activities that will
to address? Is it security, collaboration
continue to support the advancement
ultimately benefit the broader
versus competition, or something
of digital twins within our cities,
marketplace with the projects ranging
else? How do we get going? How
towns and regions, because we
from strategy, data framework
do we cultivate an environment
all want the same thing – modern,
and project-level action plans, to
for successful cross-governmental
meaningful tools that value data,
landscape-based digital twins, GIS
and industry collaboration whilst
allowing us to generate insights to
and IoT capability templates, organ-
ensuring we have frameworks and
deliver better outcomes.
isation-wide education modules as
procurement views to benefit all
well as urban planning and design
stakeholders? If we look at legislation
The Digital Twin Challenge includes
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Issue 108 June 2022
•
• PROJECTS
& DEVELOPMENTS
TONGA VOLCANO UNDERSEA IMPACTS EXPLORED NIWA NIWA and The Nippon Foundation are undertaking a mission to discover the undersea impacts of the recent Tongan volcanic eruption.
I
n a rare opportunity to improve
national’s Uncrewed Surface Vessel
understanding of the nature and
(USV) Maxlimer to conduct further
impact of a major volcanic eruption,
mapping.
NIWA scientists are sailing to Tonga to
The NIWA-Nippon Foundation
survey the ocean around the Hun-
Tonga Eruption Seabed Mapping
ga-Tonga Hunga-Ha’apai (HT–HH) vol-
Project (TESMaP) is being funded by
cano and surrounding regions. They
The Nippon Foundation – the largest
will be surveying thousands of square
non-profit organisation based in
kilometres of the seafloor and col-
Japan which, amongst other philan-
lecting video images of the eruption’s
thropic activities, has been facilitating
impact from NIWA’s research vessel,
projects in the ocean field since 1962.
RV Tangaroa, and using SEA-KIT Inter-
The research is also supported by The
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Issue 108 June 2022 25
Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed
Core Sampling
2030 Project which aims to map the world’s ocean floor by 2030. Project leader and NIWA Chief Scientist Oceans Mike Williams predicts that there will be extensive changes to the underwater landscape around Tonga. “Before the eruption, much of the volcano was above water but now none of it is and the neighbouring islands of Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha’apai were reduced in size. We expect similarly dramatic changes to have occurred in the underwater topography. “Submarine cable breakages show impacts up to 50 kilometres from the volcano caldera, implying changes
O
ur researchers onboard RV Tangaroa have been getting their hands, and faces, dirty using a multicorer to collect sediment samples from the seafloor surrounding the Hunga Tonga – Hunga Ha’apai volcano.
The multicorer is made up of multiple tubes and is lowered to the seafloor to cut out samples of the sediment like a cookie cutter. Once the multicorer has been pulled back onboard, the team get stuck in removing the cores from the tubes and taking them to the lab for further analysis. It’s a muddy job but there’s smiles all round! The cores are used to figure out what kind of creatures are living in the sediment and the thickness and composition of the ash on the seafloor following the eruption.
to the seabed over an area of at least 8,000 square kilometres. This survey will investigate the impacts of the eruption in the water column and on the seabed around HT–HH.” The eruption was unprecedented and unexpected; volcanos of this type were not previously anticipated to erupt so violently or trigger such large explosions. Dr Williams says that with similar volcanos around the globe, particularly along the Pacific Ring of Fire, the eruption of HT–HH highlights a risk to society from our lack of knowledge about them. The Nippon Foundation Chairman Dr Yohei Sasakawa says that this research is vital to help protect people from similar natural disasters in the future. “By working together, we have the power to help solve some of the biggest problems facing society, including the fall-out from natural disasters.” “We hope that this work will help researchers and governments understand and mitigate the risk of future eruptions, which will be of
Photos: NIWA.
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Issue 108 June 2022
particular benefit to countries that lie
Erica Spain, NIWA Marine Geology Technician, operates the multibeam which is used to help produce maps of the seafloor. Photo: NIWA.
within proximity of these threatening
Seabed 2030, will remain at sea for
edge, experience and resources of the
natural wonders, like Japan and New
an additional month of mapping and
organisations involved will help build
Zealand.”
environmental data collection.
a detailed and invaluable picture of
Tonga’s Deputy Secretary for Lands
Scientists will gather acoustic data
the eruption’s aftermath.
and Natural Resources Taaniela Kula
using echosounders to determine the
says that the eruption of the HT–HH
shape and structure of the underwa-
resources with such a multinational
volcano on January 15, 2022, had
ter landscape, including the thickness
team, we’ll be able to gather an
catastrophic consequences.
of ash deposits and the formation
incredible amount of information of
“It covered our main island of
“By working alongside and pooling
of any new bedforms. This data will
what happens during eruptions like
Tongatapu in carpets of toxic ash,
then be compared with previous
these, what the impacts are, and how
generated a sonic boom that trav-
maps to identify areas for sampling,
we can be better prepared next time
elled around the globe and caused
so that further changes to the area,
a similar event occurs.
a tsunami that resulted in deaths
such as impacts to marine life and the
and damage as far away as South
seafloor’s chemical composition, can
about the natural world, especially
America.
be assessed.
what occurs under our oceans, so
“It also severed both submarine
Kevin Mackay is head of the South
“There is much we still don’t know
we’re delighted to take this opportu-
fibre optic cables connecting Tonga
and West Pacific Regional Center of
nity to build our knowledge and help
with the world, leaving our country
Seabed 2030 and the voyage leader.
Tonga’s people and environment.”
in a prolonged “blackout”. The direct
He says that the collective knowl-
Ben Simpson, CEO, SEA-KIT Inter-
economic impact of the eruption is estimated by the World Bank to be over $US90m. As a country we’re building back slowly. We hope this research will help in the efforts to protect our nation and others like us in the future.” The TESMaP project will take place in two parts – NIWA’s research vessel Tangaroa, will set sail next week [9 April] to do the first part of the surveying. Following that,
The eruption was unprecedented and unexpected; volcanos of this type were not previously anticipated to erupt so violently or trigger such large explosions.
SEA-KIT International’s 12-metre-long USV Maxlimer, in coordination with
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Issue 108 June 2022 27
national, says it is an exciting opportunity to demonstrate data collection using less than 2% of the fuel of a typical survey vessel. “USV Maxlimer will be controlled from the other side of the world, at our base in the UK, as she safely gathers a range of data types from inside the caldera for a full month to develop and support understanding of the eruption’s undersea impact.”
•
Researchers and technicians gather in the ship’s library for a science meeting to discuss the order of work and who is needed on each task once the team arrive in Tonga. Photo: NIWA.
Deckhand Daniel Aupa’au prepares the deep towed camera imaging system (DTIS) for a wet test. The team lower the DTIS to 1000m to test the camera system. Photo: NIWA.
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Issue 108 June 2022
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• PROJECTS
& DEVELOPMENTS
The survey team preparing the vessel Pekapeka for a day’s survey activity, Port Tarakohe
OCEAN INFINITY ENTERS THE REGION Rhys Davies, Andrew Price and David Field, Marine Team Ocean Infinity
S
ince 2008 the New Zealand and
Tonga, Fiordland and Coromandel.
and more complex surveys in a variety
Australian branch of iXblue has
As Ocean Infinity, we will retain
been undertaking hydrographic
our focus of providing hydrographic
The NZ team’s first project under
surveys throughout Oceania and be-
surveying services on either side of
the Ocean Infinity banner is the Toitū
yond and we are excited to announce
the Tasman; growing the industry
Te Whenua Land Information New
the next chapter in our history.
and capability and leveraging off the
Zealand (LINZ) Hydrographic Survey
technology in the marine robotics
Project in the Nelson to Kahurangi
been acquired by Ocean Infinity;
sector that Ocean Infinity is globally
Shoals and western Marlborough
a world-leading ocean robotics
renowned for, to provide new and
Sounds area, which commenced
company. The fit was a natural one for
innovative ways to acquire and
in March 2022. With an estimated
Ocean Infinity, with the team having
process hydrographic survey data.
total of 13,000 survey line miles of
iXblue Pty Ltd has recently
the experience and knowledge of the
As we grow, we will be able to ex-
of environments.
bathymetric, backscatter and water
use of an uncrewed surface vessel
plore new markets and leverage the
column data to collect, the project
(the DriX) for large-scale nautical
collective manpower and experience
has been split into two survey phases
charting surveys in our region, having
that exists within the wider Ocean
– coastal and offshore – with data
completed projects in the Kingdom of
Infinity family to help deliver larger
collection and processing spanning
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Issue 108 June 2022
stretch to the Kahurangi Shoals, with
an ellipsoid – chart datum separation
enough capacity to allow for 24-hour
model for surveying on the ellipsoid.
operations. The data will be used by LINZ to
In Australia, the team has just completed data acquisition on its
primarily update the nautical charts
fourth project under the Hydrographic
for the area but will also provide
Industry Partnership Program (HIPP),
valuable scientific data to the marine
an Australian Government Depart-
science community and the port
ment of Defence project to update its
company.
nautical charts. A fifth project, in the
Underpinning these surveys is
stunning Kimberly region of Western
the tidal infrastructure installed to
Australia, will commence in late
allow the data to be reduced to chart
September 2022.
datum. The additional benefit of the
Ocean Infinity’s purpose is to use
tidal infrastructure deployed in these
innovative technology to transform
more remote locations is that the
operations at sea, enabling people
data will feed into the Joining Land
and the planet to thrive. The team
and Sea (JLAS) project currently being
in New Zealand and Australia looks
run by LINZ. These sites will densify
forward to embracing this purpose in
the model that will eventually allow
the region. Further information can be
for the seamless mapping of the
found at www.oceaninfinity.com.
littoral zone, and permit the use of
•
two consecutive years (2022/23). While we are now part of a marine robotics company, not every survey will require the use of an autonomous fleet. The team has commenced the coastal phase of the project in Tarakohe using our recently purchased 7.5m Surtees vessel, the Pekapeka. Small and agile, the Pekapeka has given the team the flexibility
Bathymetric data in the approaches to Port Tarakohe to enable safe navigation and a greater understanding of the marine habitat.
to both chart the shallow Tarakohe Harbour to the drying line for the Port of Tarakohe and also confidently tackle the exposed, dynamic region around Separation Point. Remaining in the coastal phase are surveys of Croisilles Harbour (western Marlborough Sounds), Pepin Island (Nelson) and finishing with Port Hardy (Durville Is) by late July. Next year the Pekapeka will be replaced by a larger, possibly autonomous, vessel, for the deeper, more exposed areas, which
Marine laser scanning data can be merged with bathymetric data to more robustly understand and manage the coastal environment.
SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022 31
• BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT
TOP 10 BUSINESS BOOKS EVERY MANAGER SHOULD READ Edward O’Leary, Abtrac What does it take to become a successful leader? How do you manage, motivate and gain the respect from your team? It’s clear there is no shortage of business books to help inspire and develop your leadership skills so we’ve put together the top 10 every manager should read.
1. How to Win Friends & Influence People by Dale Carnegie This one of the first best-selling self-help books ever published. It has sold over 30 million copies worldwide and went on to be named #19 on Time Magazine’s list of 100 most influential books in 2011. As relevant as ever, Dale Carnegie’s principles endure, and will help you achieve your maximum potential in the complex and competitive modern age. Learn the six ways to make people like you, the twelve ways to win people to your way of thinking, and the nine ways to change people without arousing resentment. This timeless best seller is definitely
“must read” list.
3. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change by Stephen R. Covey One of the most inspiring and impactful books ever written, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People has captivated readers for 25 years. It has transformed the lives of World Leaders and CEOs, educators and parents - in short, millions of people of all ages and occupations. Covey presents a holistic, integrated, principle-centred approach for
2. Think and Grow Rich: The Landmark Bestseller – Now Revised and Updated for the 21st Century by Napoleon Hill
and pointed anecdotes, Covey reveals
While promoted as a personal
advantage of the opportunities that
the text concerns increased income. The author insists that the philosophy taught in the book can help people succeed in any line of work, to do and be anything they can imagine. The book was first published during the Great Depression and by 2015
Issue 108 June 2022
If you haven’t already, put it on your
solving personal and professional
book, the book’s title and much of
•
worldwide.
worth a read.
development and self-improvement
32 SURVEYING+SPATIAL
over 100 million copies had been sold
problems. With penetrating insights a step-by-step pathway for living with fairness, integrity, honesty and human dignity – principles that give us the security to adapt to change, and the wisdom and power to take change creates.
4. Outliers: The Story of Success by Malcolm Gladwell Gladwell takes us on an intellectual journey through the world of “outliers”- and asks the question: what makes high-achievers different?
His answer is that we pay too much attention to what successful people are like, and too little attention to
more and working less, The 4-Hour Workweek is the blueprint.
he explains the secrets of software
7. The Art Of War by Sun Tzu
billionaires, what it takes to be a
‘Opportunities multiply as they are
great soccer player, why Asians are
seized.’ Written in the 6th century BC,
good at maths, and what made the
Sun Tzu’s The Art of War is a Chinese
Beatles the greatest rock band.
military treatise that is still revered
where they are from. Along the way
Brilliant and entertaining, Outliers is
today as the ultimate commentary on
9. Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap ... And Others Don’t by Jim Collins A truly beneficial management book that describes how companies transition from being good companies to great companies, and how most companies fail to make the transition. “Greatness” is defined as financial
a landmark work that will simultane-
war and military strategy. Focusing on
ously delight and illuminate.
the principle that one can outsmart
5. The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business by Charles Duhigg
your foe mentally by thinking very
Explore the science behind habit
Sun Tzu’s timeless appraisal of the
creation and reformation.
different aspects of warfare are laid
In The Power of Habit, award-winning
out in 13 chapters, including sections
New York Times business reporter
on ‘Laying Plans’, ‘Waging War’ and
Charles Duhigg takes us to the
‘Terrain’. Words that are as resonant
thrilling edge of scientific discoveries
today in every aspect of our lives as
that explain why habits exist and how
they were when he wrote them.
they can be changed. With penetratvast amounts of information into
8. Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman
engrossing narratives, Duhigg brings
The phenomenal New York Times Best-
to life a whole new understanding
seller by Nobel Prize-winner Daniel
Over twenty years ago, Worre began
of human nature and its potential for
Kahneman, Thinking Fast and Slow
focusing on developing the skills to
transformation.
offers a whole new look at the way
become a network marketing expert.
our minds work, and how we make
Now he shares his wisdom in a guide
people and companies struggle to
decisions. Why is there more chance
that will ignite your passion for this
change, despite years of trying, while
we’ll believe something if it’s in a
profession and help you make the
others seem to remake themselves
bold type face? Why are judges more
decision to create the life of your
overnight.
likely to deny parole before lunch?
dreams. He shows you how to find
Why do we assume a good-looking
prospects, present your product, help
person will be more competent? The
them become customers or distribu-
answer lies in the two ways we make
tors, and much more.
choices: fast, intuitive thinking, and
S
ing intelligence and an ability to distil
Along the way we learn why some
6. The 4-Hour Workweek: Escape 9-5, Live Anywhere, and Join the New Rich by Timothy Ferriss Forget the old concept of retirement and the rest of the deferred-life plan – there is no need to wait and every reason not to, especially in unpredictable economic times. Whether your dream is escaping the rat race, experiencing high-end world travel, earning a monthly five-figure income
carefully about strategy before resorting to physical battle, this philosophy continues to be applied to the corporate and business world.
slow, rational thinking. This book reveals how our minds are tripped up by error and prejudice (even when we think we are being logical),
performance several multiples better than the market average over a sustained period. Collins finds the main reason certain companies have great triumphs over time and how long-term sustained performance can be engineered into the DNA of an enterprise from the very beginning. The book was a bestseller, selling four million copies and going far beyond the traditional audience of business books.
10. Go Pro: 7 Steps to Becoming a Network Marketing Professional by Eric Worre
o there we have it, our top 10 must read business books which are sure to help transform,
inspire and develop your company.
and gives you practical techniques
What business books have you read
for slower, smarter thinking. It will
recently that you would highly recom-
enable to you make better decisions
mend?
•
at work, at home, and in everything you do.
with zero management, or just living
SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022 33
• LEGAL
COLUMN
THE DIFFERENT FUNDS OF A BODY CORPORATE EXPLAINED – MAKE SURE YOU GET IT RIGHT Claire Tyler, Rainey Collins Lawyers, Wellington, www.raineycollins.co.nz
A
body corporate had weathertightness issues and was working out the best way to fund
the repairs needed to the building. They had originally budgeted for funds for the repairs to come out of the long-term maintenance fund, as they had budgeted for some repairs in the long-term maintenance plan. However, the costs very quickly went over the budget item for the repairs and therefore the committee had go to back to the body corporate as a whole to pass a special resolution to continue. One owner with a large amount of ownership interest then voted against the resolution which brought the process to a halt. That owner advised the body corporate that they also believed the long-term maintenance fund was the wrong fund to use for such repairs.
Types of funds It pays for bodies corporate to be aware of what each fund is for, and make sure they are using them correctly so they don’t get caught out later, especially if the repairs lead to litigation down the track. The types of funds are as follows: 1. An operating account – this is a general fund into which levies are paid and ordinary bills are paid from. This is compulsory, even for smaller bodies corpo-
courts had more recently held that the fund to be used for large scale remedial works was the contingency fund, and therefore they were using money from the wrong fund.
plan by more than 10% (as happened in the example above). 3. A contingency fund – this is an additional fund for unbudgeted expenses. This is not compulsory. As above, this is the fund that the courts have held should be used for projects such as weathertightness repair projects. 4. A capital improvement fund – this is for spending that adds
costs, for example.
to or upgrades the unit title
2. A long-term maintenance fund – this is a fund maintained to cover maintenance covered by the long-term maintenance plan. Even though all bodies corporate must have a longterm maintenance plan, it is term maintenance fund, as it
advice which confirmed that the
in the long-term maintenance
rate who only share insurance
not compulsory to have a long-
The body corporate took legal
amount specified for that item
development, if the spending is not included in the long-term maintenance plan. For example, a body corporate might decide to turn a grassed area into a swimming pool or change car ports into garages. This is not compulsory. It will depend on the circumstances
can be contracted out of by spe-
of each body corporate as to whether
cial resolution. A body corpo-
they choose to have certain funds.
rate must, by special resolution,
Levies for the operating account,
approve any amount to be
long-term maintenance fund, and any
spent on any one maintenance
contingency fund are to be worked
item if the amount exceeds the
out in proportion to each unit owner’s (continued on page 40)
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•
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• LEGISLATION
UPDATE
HIGH COUNTRY TENURE REFORM – AGAIN Mick Strack mick.strack@otago.ac.nz
T
Towards the late 20th century
PCE, that there was an overemphasis
hill country is a feature of much
there were increasing demands
in the conservation estate of the high
of Aotearoa’s tourism imagery;
for new land uses; deer, grapes,
country tussock lands and a deficit of
with merino sheep peacefully grazing
recreation, and residential. The costs
other ecosystems like wetlands and
around glacial lakes and with the
of administration of the leases by
lowland forests. Also more land was
snowy Southern Alps backdrop. The
the Commissioner of Crown Lands
freeholded than was returned to the
images evoke the fortitude and resil-
exceeded the income from the leases;
conservation estate. Along with the
ience of the rugged pioneer farmer
there were demands for more land
lease conversions, the Crown was also
family pitting themselves against the
to be returned to the conservation
directly buying leases for multiple
harsh natural environment and social
estate; and demands for increased
millions of dollars to convert directly
isolation. In another context, and to
public access. It was thought that
into the conservation estate.
others, these landscapes are seen as
landuse decisions and sustainable
public spaces; Crown owned and pro-
land use could be better managed
passed through the legislative
tected for conservation purposes. And
through the Resource Management
process (at the time of writing it is
in yet another context, Ngai Tahu may
Act processes.
due to receive the Royal Assent) to
he wide open golden tussock
see these spaces as trailways through
So the Crown Pastoral Land Act
Currently a new reform Bill has
become the Crown Pastoral Land
an ancient land, holding stories of
1998 was created to facilitate the
Reform Act. On the evidence of the
gods, ancestors, and mahinga kai.
conversion of the leases to the Crown
parliamentary debates this may be
estate for vulnerable land, and
similarly contentious. The Act ends
(about 5% of Aotearoa) of such
There are 1.2 million hectares
to freehold for land that could be
tenure review, which indicates an
landscapes in the South Island high
managed for production. This process
acknowledgement that the process
country currently held by the Crown
was voluntary for all parties but
had led to undesirable unintended
but under perpetual pastoral leases.
there was a strong incentive to enter
consequences. The primary premises
into the process. About 140 leases
of the Act are to protect the inherent
chose not to grant fee simple title
were reviewed through this process
values of the high country; to ensure
to this land, but to maintain some
(almost ½ of all Pastoral Lease
that the land is managed sustainably;
control over the landuse decisions by
properties). Those who chose not to
and to provide for land occupation
granting various forms of leasehold
enter the review process can continue
and management that respects mana
interests or occupation licences.
their pastoral practices and to quote
whenua relationships.
Control was required to limit land
one lessee: “we retain autonomy over
It is worth remembering that
use to pastoral use with restricted
access and still have our very valuable
the two key pastoral management
stocking rates. The main justification
summer grazing which with climate
regimes applying to these high
was to protect it from erosion. By
change is essential”.
country estates were 1) the ability
In the 19th Century, the Crown
1948, the Land Act rearranged these
The whole process and the
to use the land from the mountain
pastoral leases into 33 year perpetual
outcomes remain contentious: the
tops to the lake and river edges for
leases with a eleven year reviews.
transfer of millions of dollars from
summer and winter grazing, and
This provided adequate security of
the Crown to the new freeholders;
2) the maintenance of the tussock
tenure to give lessees confidence in
the windfall profits subsequently
ground cover by grazing and burning.
intergenerational investment and
available for the freeholders by
The iconic golden tussock landscapes
it protected property rights to use
changing land use or subdividing for
so loved and so typical of central
and occupy exclusively. These leases
residential use; the amount of land
Canterbury and Otago are maintained
were transferable and in theory
returning to the Crown which DoC
by those management regimes. If
they could be converted to freehold
was not funded to manage; the sub-
those landuses are removed then
by negotiation with the Crown. But
sequent weed infestation (wilding
the landscape and land cover will
freeholding was rare as the leasehold
pines in particular) and loss of natural
change. There has been very signif-
arrangements worked pretty well.
biodiversity; and in the view of the
icant change to some landscapes
36 SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022
because of tenure review, most
relationships with leaseholders, iwi,
a consent. Pastoral farming activities
obviously illustrated by the irrigation
and stakeholders.
such as controlling exotic plant pests
of the Mackenzie Country, the rapid
“The bill underpins the Gov-
expansion of wilding pine infesta-
ernment’s view that ongoing,
other activities such as burning or
tions, and the domestication of some
sustainable, and responsible pastoral
clearing indigenous vegetation
areas of the Whakatipu basin.
farming is the best way for this land
are classified as discretionary, and
to be managed. It acknowledged the
some activities, such as draining or
value as “a value that arises from an
value and the role of leaseholders
cultivating wetlands, are proposed to
ecological, a landscape, a cultural, a
in the stewardship of these iconic
be prohibited.
heritage, or a scientific attribute or
properties. The bill also recognises
While some lessees may feel
characteristic of a natural resource
how valued the high country is by
that the rules and expectations on
that—(i) is in or forms part of the
iwi and all New Zealanders, and
them are limiting their property
land or exists by virtue of the natural
this is reflected in the Government’s
rights and their land use decisions,
character of the land; or (ii) relates to
decision to end tenure review.”
many will also be comfortable with
a historic place on or forming part of
(Speech on behalf of Minister at 3rd
their security of tenure and the
that land; but (b) does not include a
Reading 12/5/22)
acknowledgment that these lands are
The new Act defines inherent
pastoral farming activity”.
The Act introduces a consenting
will be classified as permitted, while
best managed by the farmer actively
The proposal makes the Commis-
regime – permitted, discretionary and
present on the land. These farms are
sioner of Crown Lands more account-
prohibited activities – that will enable
usually multigenerational and the
able with the statement of outcomes
LINZ and the Commissioner to focus
lessees have a very strong interest in
and through the monitoring strategy
their resources on applications with a
sustaining their landscapes and their
that has to be developed. Land Infor-
higher risk of impacts while allowing
livelihoods.
mation New Zealand will be required
leaseholders to undertake activities
to be more actively involved with
which are part of normal farming
welcomed as a process without clear
leaseholders through visits on farm to
practice and which only have very
outcome expectations did nothing to
build close and constructive working
minor impacts without the need for
protect our iconic high country.
The end of tenure review must be
•
TURNING UP THE
SURVEY AND SPATIAL NEW ZEALAND
ROTO RUA
1 - 3 AUGUST 2022
2022 CONFERENCE
S U RV E YS PAT IAL NZCONFER EN CE.ORG SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022 37
DEVELOPING GUIDANCE FOR THE CADASTRAL SURVEY RULES 2021 Géneviève Abrey, Licensed Cadastral Surveyor & Senior Survey Advisor, Office of the Surveyor-General – Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand
T
he Cadastral Survey Rules 2021 (CSR 2021) came into
material to create a new set of guidance curated for the
force in August 2021 and, since February 2022, new
CSR 2021.
cadastral survey datasets (CSDs) can only be lodged
The new guidance would combine all our guidance in
under them. These new rules replaced the Rules for Cadas-
one place, making it more easily accessible to everyone,
tral Survey 2010 (RCS 2010). The Surveyor-General, Anselm
and it needed to support surveyors undertaking cadastral
Haanen, has the authority and duty to set standards for
surveys and preparing CSDs. To do this, we needed to
the conduct of cadastral surveys under Section 7(1) of the
assess existing guidance related to the survey rules in
Cadastral Survey Act 2002.
the Knowledge Base on our website, and in our internal
The review of the RCS 2010 was started by then
Knowledge Portal. We wanted it to be more user focused,
Surveyor-General, Mark Dyer. The purpose of the review
easier to understand and to apply in practice. And it
was to ensure that the rules were able to be practically
needed to be written, reviewed, and available in time for
applied and were “fit-for-purpose.” The first consultation
the rules to be published in early 2021. The boundaries of
phase of three kicked off in August 2017 with an “Issues
the project had been defined (pun intended) and we were
and Opportunities” paper open for comment. We had 30
ready to get started.
1
responses spanning several different areas of interest. In a
An analysis of more than 330 existing web pages was
high-level breakdown of the feedback, we found that 7%
done, along with considering possible gaps and opportu-
of the feedback on issues related to the guidance on the
nities in the existing material that could also accompany
rules .
the new guidance and benefit users. A final list of topics
2
The “Interpretation guide to Rules for Cadastral Survey
was created, and these were then assigned to authors
2010” that accompanied the RCS 2010 intentionally took
in the team based on experience, availability, areas of
a different approach than previous guidance. They were
expertise and capabilities. We used Trello to manage the
written to “facilitate correct interpretation of the Rules”
project and had weekly online stand-ups to get together
and specifically clarified that they were not there to
and keep track of how we were doing.
provide guidance on survey practice, capturing cadastral
The authors also had support from a communications
survey datasets in Landonline or the pre-validation
team helping us manage the appearance of articles,
process. 3 The review of the RCS 2010 found that this level
creating a consistent look for diagrams and hosting writing
of support was lacking, and surveyors were seeking more
workshops to help guide us through the process. This
clarity and guidance on the rules and how to apply them.
ensured that the final guidance followed a similar theme
After two additional consultation phases in the review
of writing and appearance, while still sharing the appro-
process, the consultation on the Draft Cadastral Survey
priate level of technical guidance needed. This assisted us
Rules 2020 closed in April 2020. The 36 submissions
to achieve the main goal of the guidance: to help the users
received were carefully considered and applied to the
of the rules. The targeted users of the guidelines include
draft, producing a working copy which we could start using
licensed cadastral surveyors and staff under their supervi-
for the new Integrated Guidance Project.
sion, as well as Toitū Te Whenua LINZ survey staff.
The Integrated Guidance Project began in mid-2020. The
The guidelines have been written and designed with the
project was led by Assistant Surveyor-General Lloyd McGar-
customer at the heart. They boast a multitude of visual aids
vey. A team of 18 authors (with a collective experience in
including a series of diagrams, flowcharts, templates, and
surveying that would make you gasp) was assembled from
specific survey plan examples to support explanations. This
across Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand
is all in an effort to support the users of the rules in better
(LINZ). The purpose of the project was to update existing
understanding how to apply them.
38 SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022
In May 2021 we published our first tranche of guidance articles on the Toitū Te Whenua LINZ website. We keep adding to this list and updating these articles. To date, we have written a cumulative 23 articles that are either brand-new topics or replace a total of more than 100 existing web pages. The new guidelines are designed to complement the CSR 2021, Cadastral Survey Act 2002 and other legislation as it relates to cadastral surveys. The feedback we have received from surveyors using the new guidelines so far has been predominantly positive. The current list of topics covered includes: 1. Boundaries 2. Water boundaries 3. Tidal boundaries 4. Quality of boundary definition 5. Field Survey 6. Parcels 7. Non-primary parcels 8. Permanent structure boundaries 9. Content of a CSD, survey report information and CSD certification 10. Capture and depiction 11. Ground movement Figure 1: Flowchart extract from the Tidal Boundaries guidance page to help with recording common marine and coastal area in a CSD 4
12. Re-establishing Canterbury earthquake affected boundaries in greater Christchurch 13. Boundary reinstatements 14. Legalisation CSDs (New Topic) 15. Crown Subdivision CSDs (New Topic) 16. Unit plans (New Topic) 17. Application CSDs (New Topic) 18. CSDs with adverse possession (New Topic) 19. Diagrams on transfer (New Topic) 20. Limited titles 21. Hawke’s Bay interim titles (New Topic) 22. Lodgement Standard 23. Dispensation requests
Figure 2: Diagram extract from the Field Surveys guidance – Primary parcel boundary mark requirement to connect to a CSNM 5
To make them easier to find, they are all accessible together from the “Index to Cadastral Survey Guidelines” page on the website that is searchable using the keyboard function “Ctrl+F”. Each individual article then has an index of what it covers and the articles themselves are also searchable in the same manner.
Figure 3: Diagram Extract from the Water Boundaries Guidance – Accretion not being claimed 6
Figure 4: Screenshot of a Ctrl+F search on the Guidelines Index page
SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022 39
While we will still be updating these articles and adding
far. If your branch hasn’t hosted one yet and would like to,
additional material over time, we are at the tail-end of
get in touch with Géneviève at gabrey@linz.govt.nz from
this project. It has been a huge team effort across several
the Cadastral Stream Leadership team to help you organise
groups within Toitū Te Whenua LINZ. And I don’t think I will
one.
be the only one to say that this has been a tremendous
And if you still can’t find what you are looking for,
undertaking, working with fantastic knowledgeable
please email us at SGRulesReview@linz.govt.nz for a quick
surveyors and that we are all very proud of the result. We
turnaround time on CSR 2021 rule-related questions.
can only hope that we have met our goal and that you find
The implementation page can be found at: www.linz.govt.nz/land/surveying/cadastral-sur-
the guidance informative and useful too. In addition to the guidance articles themselves and the index to the guidance, we have also created a CSR 2021
vey-rules-2021-csr-2021-implementation The Index to Cadastral Survey Guidelines can be found
implementation page. This web page is a great resource
at: www.linz.govt.nz/land/surveying/cadastral-sur-
that I recommend saving as a shortcut on your desktop.
vey-rules-2021-csr-2021-implementation/cadastral-sur-
We have created this page as a “one-stop-shop” for all
vey-guidelines
your CSR 2021-related needs. It has links to the rules
•
themselves, the guidelines index, the clarification page, the lodgement standards, the Landonline pre-validation explanation report, known issues in Landonline and a training webinar to help you convert any existing RCS 2010 CSDs to CSR 2021. This page should be your first port of call when you have CSR 2021 questions. The Survey & Spatial New Zealand Cadastral Stream is also running a programme, in partnership with Toitū Te Whenua LINZ, to present CSR 2021 Q&A sessions for local branches. These sessions have been really well received so
Figure 6: Screenshot of the RCS 2010 to CSR 2021 Training Video
Figure 5: Screenshot of the CSR 2021 Implementation Page
NOTES 1 Review of the Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 – Issues and Opportunities Paper – 7 August 2017 (https://www.linz.govt.nz/land/ surveying/cadastral-survey-rules-2021-csr-2021-implementation/ review-consultation-process/stage-one-%E2%80%93-identifyingissues-rules) 2 Stage one – Identifying issues with the Rules – 23 September 2021 (https://www.linz.govt.nz/land/surveying/cadastral-survey-rules-2021-csr-2021-implementation/review-consultation-process/stage-one-%E2%80%93-identifying-issues-rules) 3 Interpretation Guide to Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 – LINZG65700 – 6 December 2011 4 Tidal Boundaries Guidelines – Flowchart – 15 February 2022 (https://www.linz.govt.nz/kb/944#flowchart) 5 Field Survey Guidelines – Horizontal Datum Connection – 05 April 2022 (https://www.linz.govt.nz/kb/939#connection) 6 Water Boundaries Guidelines – Accretion – 15 February 2022 (https://www.linz.govt.nz/kb/943#accretion)
(continued from page 34)
utility interest, however, in the case
In many bodies corporate, own-
If you are unsure about your
of a capital improvement fund, the
ership interests and utility interests
obligations, it pays to take legal
levies are worked out in proportion
will be one and the same, unless
advice, as using the wrong fund can
to each unit owner’s ownership
the body corporate has resolved to
later lead to issues if challenged by
interest.
reassess utility interests.
owners.
40 SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022
•
• NEWS HYDROGRAPHIC STREAM UPDATE
and Stewart Island. Field work has started in the Tasman
Stuart Caie, Hydrography Stream Chair
region and will continue for the next couple of years.
Where has the year gone?
Society, in conjunction with the S+SNZ Hydro Stream, will
As you will be aware, the S+SNZ Emerging Leaders programme is under way and we are pleased to welcome Jason Zhou to the leadership team. Not all hydrographers are old and crusty, but it’s good to have younger participation. Working with the SSSI Hydrographic Commission across the ditch, stream members have reviewed the Bureau of
On July 8, the NZ Branch of the Australasian Hydrographic hold a one-day seminar at Miramar Golf Course, Wellington. The provisional programme comprises a packed day of 12 presentations from industry, Government, Defence, academia and the science community. A panel discussion will also be held on: ‘How can we
Meteorology course content and material to determine
as an industry provide work experience and potential
how it aligns with the FIG/IHO/ICA Category “A” and “B”
pathways to employment’.
Hydrographic Surveyor syllabus. In addition, members were invited by the University
The intention is to provide students an opportunity to engage with the profession, across a number of sectors.
of Otago’s School of Surveying to review and provide
It is hoped that members of the Australian Hydrographic
feedback on their curriculum renovation process.
Office will attend, including the National Hydrographer.
In April, a survey was pushed out to stream members.
And finally, June 21 is World Hydrography Day and this
The leadership team is keen to understand more about
year the theme is Hydrography – contributing to the United
the members and help the team plan future events and
Nations Ocean Decade.
activities and meet the needs of the members. Toitū Te Whenua LINZ presented at the Australasian
The theme is designed to highlight the relevant contribution of hydrography as a discipline of applied
Coasts & Ports Conference, held online 11-13 April, on
sciences to the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for
Supporting Aotearoa’s Coastal Resilience, Sharing data to care
Sustainable Development (2021-2030).
for our Moana and Preparing NZ for e-Navigation. LINZ is also working with Te Arawhiti, DOC and MPI on a DIA-funded project to enable Integrated Marine Management, through this year’s Digital Government Partnership Innovation Fund. The marine management system in New Zealand is fragmented with responsibilities, interests and decision-making powers belonging to a wide range of organisations. This project will test how improved access, integration and reuse of marine spatial data can empower transparent, inclusive, and consistent marine spatial planning. The project funding will be used to: 1. develop a technical proof of concept – testing an
It offers the opportunity to emphasise the ability of hydrographers to gather and manage marine data and their strengths in technical collaboration on a global scale. It also underlines the strategic evolution of national, inter-regional and global activities to support an expanding group of stakeholders with hydrographic information and services.
OTAGO UNIVERSITY SURVEYING STUDENTS ASSOCIATION (OUSSA) The Otago University Surveying Students Association (OUSSA) will have Hawaiian shirts embroidered with the
existing cloud-based technology on four marine
university logo and ‘surveying’ underneath on sale for
management use cases
$40 at the 2022 S+S Conference in Rotorua. Support your
2. develop a Te Ao Māori perspective on New Zealand’s marine data governance. LINZ hydrographic surveys have been completed at Banks
former association and wear your university badge with pride! Please email oussa1964@gmail.com if you wish to pre-order or arrange an order to be shipped directly to you.
Peninsula, in partnership with ECan and DOC; and at Bluff
SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022 41
• UNIVERSITY
HAPPENINGS
SURVEYING OUR RECRUITMENT Richard Hemi
A
s the surveying and spatial
ue to provide generous scholarships
industry in New Zealand and
and awards for our students, as well
school had the luxury of turning
abroad continues to feel the
as those companies that are able to
away even moderate numbers of
effects of high workloads and a short-
provide financial assistance to run our
good students who have met the
age of skilled staff, we need to look
traditional awards event afternoon
minimum first-year standards, and
carefully at providing the appropriate
tea.
we encourage any student who
resourcing for effective recruitment,
It has been many years since the
wants to continue with surveying but
marketing and publicity. While
AS ONE CLASS graduates and moves
hasn’t succeeded in their first year to
global events, inflation and changes
out into the profession, another starts
continue on in one of the other BScs
in immigration patterns will create
at ground zero – our intermediate
on offer.
differing effects on our economy and
year. This year we are pleased to see
housing demands, the longer term
an increase of almost 10% in first-year
and spatial degrees, and ultimately
need for trained S+S professionals is
students.
produce more graduates, our
unlikely to be reduced.
This increase in numbers is timely
The immediate situation is
To increase numbers in all survey
first-year intake needs to increase. A
as the university has officially raised
further interesting point that could
likely to become worse, with the
the Bachelor of Surveying acceptance
greatly increase student numbers
temporary loss of the recently
number to 70; something that may
would be for the profession to
qualified 20-somethings from our
not be well known by members. The
improve its gender balance in re-
profession and others – something
school feels it would be capable of
cruitment and honour a commitment
that I am experiencing first hand
accommodating further students if
S+SNZ made to the Diversity Agenda
with the upcoming departure of my
a larger numbers of students met
in 2020.
two older children on their ‘overseas
the entry requirements. Also, there
experiences’.
is no limit on the entry into the BScs
important to our two polytechnic
Student numbers are also
surveying and spatial courses so this is
institutions offering the NZ Diploma
AT THE TIME of writing this article, the
another area where student numbers
in Surveying under the governance
School of Surveying is preparing to
could increase.
of the new national polytechnics
welcome back our kaiwhakapotae –
body – Te Pūkenga. Both Unitec in
graduates – of 2021 for their grad-
WHILE LAST YEAR’S SURV101 class had
Auckland, and Toi Ohomai in Tauranga
uation ceremony. After two years of
100 students, a number of these
(teaching students by distance
disrupted graduations, we are looking
students either did not pass the
in various locations around the
forward to celebrating and honouring
minimum standard of seven papers
country) report positive numbers and
the achievement of this class.
for entry into the BSurv, or were
busy teaching workloads. The two
taking the paper as part of another
institutions are currently working
degree.
hard on a unification programme
The school thanks the companies and survey organisations that contin-
42 SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022
of their teaching in order to confirm
recruitment. This marketing would be
with positive results. Have a look at
the diploma qualification with the
predominantly aimed at secondary
their surveying recruitment website,
governing Workforce Development
schools but should also consider
A Life without Limits: www.alifewith-
Council under the new Te Pūkenga
other age groups and backgrounds;
outlimits.com.au/about-surveying.
structure.
for example, second-career workers.
While this is not the complete answer,
Unitec’s student numbers enjoy a
it certainly is a good measure on the
capacity with students, and, with
Toi Ohomai, in particular, is at full
relatively large cohort of mid-age
right bearing.
only two fulltime staff, has at times
students starting on a new career.
found it difficult to accommodate
In support of recruitment, many
FINALLY, ON BEHALF of the School
new students who may wish to study
surveyors are already providing
of Surveying and Unitec, I wish
surveying from afar. Any assistance
significant contributions to careers
to acknowledge the recent and
from the surveying profession in the
events, school outreach, and work
sudden passing of Malcolm Archibald.
way of guest lectures or similar help
experience days to interested
While Malcolm made significant
would be welcomed. In terms of
students. But this needs to be part of
contributions to the surveying and
growth to the profession, this capacity
a coordinated and structured strategy,
spatial industry in many ways, which
issue represents a risk to recruitment
identifying local and national careers
I am sure will be covered by others,
but also a potential opportunity for
days, shared marketing and targeted
the tertiary sector of S+SNZ is greatly
the sector to provide other regional
events, teaching and presentation
indebted to his inspiring and com-
options for the teaching of the
material and more.
mitted teaching, tutoring and course
diploma.
A number of years ago, our
writing work undertaken at both of
In order to continue to grow
Australian counterparts recognised
these institutions. Many students at
student numbers in all surveying
that they had a major problem with
university, and particularly at Unitec
and spatial courses, the profession
an ageing survey workforce and a
where he taught for many years,
needs to consider a well-resourced,
looming shortage of trained survey-
were extremely fortunate to have had
coordinated and sustainable
ors. They took a decision to invest
Malcolm as a lecturer and mentor.
strategy for ongoing marketing and
heavily in recruitment and marketing,
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SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022 43
LANDONLINE UPDATE JUNE 2022 Nick Stillwell, Lead Consultant Surveyor, Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand
T
oitū Te Whenua Land Informa-
will be decommissioned in legacy
legacy Landonline. We are pursuing
tion New Zealand (LINZ) has
Landonline.
a concept where surveys can be
piloted the new survey appli-
In the future, when all the func-
digitally rendered; the goal is to
cation with encouraging results, and
tionality is fully transitioned, legacy
create a more usable visualisation
excellent progress continues in the
Landonline will be decommissioned.
of the survey and reduce the effort
survey space with the modernising
It’s at this point that we will start add-
required to prepare it.
Landonline programme.
ing some of the more future-thinking
After demonstrating the new survey application at last year’s S+SNZ conference, we piloted it with a small group of users. Along with positive feedback,
Exactly what the new world of
functionality that surveyors have
digitally visualised surveys will look
asked for.
like is not predetermined. So far
Testing with School of Surveying
we have tested initial visualisation prototypes of basic cadastral survey dataset (CSDs) with a range of users
particularly around the intuitiveness
The next major milestone for the
– surveyors, solicitors, planners etc –
and the improvements that have
new system is for Otago University’s
from a variety of backgrounds.
been made, usability issues and bugs
School of Surveying students to use it
When the functionality is fully
were identified, and many have been
to complete their 300 and 400 level
transitioned – and we have allowed
addressed. Overall, we have resolved
cadastral surveying papers. This is the
an acceptable timeframe for transi-
many of the issues raised by Survey
perfect audience to thoroughly test
tioning to the new system – legacy
and Spatial members during my
how intuitive the new application is
Landonline will be switched off. At
original engagement with branches
for less experienced Landonline users.
that point all surveyors will need to
and continue to work on others.
It was a no-brainer for LINZ to get
have migrated to the new system.
Pilot indicates seamless transition
involved with the professional devel-
Business owners told us they wanted
when they enter the workforce. As
We will then start adding some of
opment of the students as they will
the more future thinking functionality
all be working in the new Landonline
that surveyors have asked for. At the time of writing, I have
the transition to the new system to
well as telling us how much help new
been in contact with many survey
have less impact on their business
Landonline users will need to get up
organisations about their preferred
than the initial Landonline rollout.
to speed, the students’ feedback will
approach to getting involved in the
We are encouraged by feedback
inform an online help portal that we
new Landonline, and nearly all have
are developing.
indicated a preference to have a user
from pilot users indicating they learnt how to use the new capture tools by
involved early.
is a promising sign that the transition
Migrating to the new system
is seamless, and the system is easy to
The new Landonline for survey is like-
use.
ly to be launched to all surveyors in
meet our needs as surveyors.
2023. Initially it will only be capture in
Get involved in our next pilot
watching a 5-minute help video. This
Initially the new system will be
I’m looking forward to working with all our stakeholder groups as the system is developed and evolves to
completely interoperable with legacy
the new system, for example import
Landonline. As work progresses,
LandXML, mark, vector, irregular line,
we will continue to add missing
parcel, supporting documents, survey
We have a limited number of places
functionality, make improvements,
report, easement schedule with Plan
available on our next pilot so you
and resolve issues to ensure the new
generation will continue in legacy
might like to get involved.
system is robust and fit-for-purpose
Landonline.
If so, please email us at
for survey capture. When all the
But work on replacing plan
engagement@linz.govt.nz and tell us
capture functionality has been
generation will ramp up when
why you would be a good person to
migrated to the new system, capture
capture has been decommissioned in
pilot the new system.
44 SURVEYING+SPATIAL
•
Issue 108 June 2022
•
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