Hot Air IV, Carbon + Capital by Equator>

DESIGN STUDIO ERIK G L'HEUREUX (PHD) FAIA DEAN'S CHAIR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

AR5801/5805, AY 2023/2024 SEMESTER 1

Image: 36 Tôn Thất Đạm, Amy Amelia Binte Ahmad

HOT AIR IV: CARBON & CAPITAL

VOL.

BU YI FAN DAI BINYANG DENG HANYUE PHUA JUE HUA PEARL TAN WEN XUAN

AMY AMELIA BINTE AHMAD CINDY KOO XIN YU KEE YOKE CHOON YAP KAI JUN ASTON

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE COLLEGE OF DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENT NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE

AR5801/5805 HOT AIR IV: CARBON & CAPITAL Overall comparison of Carbon, Capital & Labour across projects

Adaptive Reuse & New Built Projects Site B: Nguyen Trai Building Site Plan & Model

Aston & Pearl Yi Fan & Hanyue

8 70

ADAPTIVE REUSE & NEW BUILD PROJECTS

Ho Chi Minh City SITE A: BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HCMC 1

ASCENSION - Amy, Cindy, Yoke Choon

VerdeMetam0rph - Wen Xuan, Binyang

Embodied EUI Carbon (kWh/m2/year) (kgCO2e/m2)

PDE Cost ($/m2)

Labour Total Cost Travel (hrs/pax) of Materials Expenses & Printing ($/pax) ($)

239

132

1050

535

518

395

702

455

486

456

SITE B: 145 NGUYEN TRAI BUILDING 3

PARKSIDE DUO - Aston, Pearl

262

863

592

564

410

SkyBreeze TOWER - Yi Fan, Hanyue

264

157

1055

413

607

427

SITE B: 145 NGUYEN TRAI BUILDING 145 D. Nguyen Trãi, Phuong Pham Ngu Lão Quan 1, Thành pho Ho Chí Minh, Vietnam

3 PARKSIDE DUO

Synergizing of Work and Hospitality 145 Nguyen Trai Building Site B A proposed mixed-used development with a plot ratio of 9 across 2 adjacent plots. The front, an adaptive reuse hotel with a vertical extension of 4 additional floors, and the adjacent plot behind it, a newly built office, that encases the original building built in the early 1970s. Our focus revolves around the pivotal role of capital as the main driver, while emphasizing carbon reduction as a secondary strategy. This approach aims to enhance capital returns by minimizing construction and operational expenses and, concurrently, reducing our environmental footprint.

Aston, Pearl

: Compressed Earth Vent Blocks : Circulation

: Steel Arched Grid

0m 1:200

10m

Adaptive Reuse Hotel + Lower Office

20m

ARCHITECTURE | STRUCTURE, COLOUR, ENVELOPE ARCHITECTURE | STRUCTURE, COLOUR, ENVELOPE

Sky Terrace + PV

New CLT Hotel + Upper Office + Timber Roof

145 Nguyen Trai - Architecture Axonometric

Jue Hua Pearl PHUA JUE HUA Phua PEARL 11

PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

CLIMATIC INTERFACE YAP KAI JUN ASTON

0m 1:200

10m

15m

EMBODIEDAND OPERATIONAL CARBON ANALYSIS EMBODIED & OPERATIONAL CARBON ANALYSIS 145 Nguyen Trai - Carbon Axonometric

Yap Kai Jun Aston YAP KAI JUN ASTON 15

Embodied & Operational Carbon of Precedent Site Building

Aluminium 5 m3 13 500 Kg 223 115 KgCO2e

Concrete 1468.71 m3 3 524 904 Kg 458 237 KgCO2e

Masonry 1156 m3 1 907 400 Kg 457 776 KgCO2e

Rebar 58.74 m3 461 174 Kg 1 332 795 KgCO2e

Glass 4 m3 10 000 Kg 12 220 KgCO2e

TOTAL EMBODIED CARBON OF PRECEDENT SITE 2 484 164 KgCO2e 395.06 KgCO2e/ m2

Total GFA: 6288 m2

Operational Carbon / year 339 100 KgCO2e 53.93 KgCO2e/ m2 63.45 kWh/ m2/ year

Total Embodied Carbon 2 484 164 KgCO2e 395.06 KgCO2e/ m2

Embodied & Operational Carbon of Proposed Building Project

Concrete 40.95 m3 98 280 Kg 12 776 KgCO2e Glass 4 m3 10 000 Kg 12 220 KgCO2e Aluminium 5 m3 13 500 Kg 223 115 KgCO2e

Demolition + Transportation 76 164 KgCO2e

Concrete (Retained) 1374 m3 3 297 600 Kg 428 688 KgCO2e DEMOLITION (COLUMNS, SLABS, EXISTING FACADE)

Rebar (Retained) 54 m3 431 436 Kg 1 246 850 KgCO2e

CLT 4925 m3 3 053 500 Kg 763 375 KgCO

g O2e

Aluminium 2.88 m3 7 778 Kg 128 576 KgCO2e

Concrete 846.24 m3 2 303 968 Kg 264 025 KgCO2e

Masonry 666.06 m3 1 098 999 Kg 263 759 KgCO2e

Rebar 33.85 m3 265 718 Kg 767 925 KgCO2e

Glass 2.30 m3 5761 Kg 7 029 KgCO2e

TOTAL EMBODIED CARBON OF NEW BUILT SITE 1 431 314 KgCO2e 395.06 KgCO2e/ m2

Carbon from + Demolition of Building 1 431 314 KgCO2e

Carbon from Transportation and Disposal 99 922 KgCO2e

Steel 81 m3 642 915 Kg 2 513 797 KgCO2e

Total GFA: 3623 m2

Total Embodied Carbon after Demolition 1 531 236 KgCO2e 422 KgCO2e/ m2

Operational Carbon / year 249 901 KgCO2e 71.40 KgCO2e/ m2 81 kWh/ m2/ year

Old GFA Retained: 5816 m2 New GFA Added: 13766 m2

Masonry (Retainied) 64 m3 106 425 Kg 25 542 KgCO2e

Total Embodied Carbon (Addition + Demolished) 3 616 586 KgCO2e 262 KgCO2e/ m2

Compressed Earth Block 499 m3 309 380 Kg 15 159 KgCO2e

STRUCTURE (EXISTING CONCRETE & REBAR STRCTURE, CLT STRUCTURE, STEEL REINFORCEMENTS)

EMBODIED & OPERATIONAL CARBON ANALYSIS EMBODIEDAND OPERATIONAL CARBON ANALYSIS

Embodied & Operational Carbon of New Built Site Building

TOTAL EMBODIED CARBON 3 616 586 KgCO2e 269 KgCO2e/ m2

ENVELOPE (EXISTING MASONRY WALLS, SUN-DRIED CLAY VENT BLOCKS)

Hotel GFA: 9584 m2 Operational Carbon/year 816 817 KgCO2e 85 KgCO2e/ m2 EUI: 100 kWh/ m2/ year

Office GFA: 9998 m2 Operational Carbon/year 202 117 KgCO2e 20 KgCO2e/ m2 EUI: 23 kWh/ m2/ year

145 Nguyen - Carbon Axonometric YAP KAI Trai JUN ASTON Yap Kai Jun Aston17

Adaptive Reuse Hotel Typical Floor Plan L2 - L7 | 81% Efficiency Floor Area: 755 sq.m Key Area: 17 - 20 sq.m.

Typical Floor Plan 0m 1:250

10m

CLT Hotel Typical Floor Plan L10 - L13 | 82% Efficiency Floor Area: 943 sq.m. Key Area: 45 - 75 sq.m.

20m

Hotel Key Plans 0m 1:100

2.5m

10m

Mezzanine Sky Terrace

New CLT Hotel Keys: 64 L10 - L13

Adaptive Reuse Hotel Keys: 174 L1 - L9

Leasable: :Hotel

:Office Non - Leasable:

:Circulation, Public Amenities, Toilets

0m 1:200

10m

20m

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT COSTS AND CAPITAL ANALYSIS

Office Typical Upper Floor Plan L8 - L11 | 87% Efficiency Floor Area: 1060 sq.m.

CAPITAL | PROGRAM AND SPATIAL EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS

Office Typical Lower Floor Plan L3 - L6 | 83% Efficiency Floor Area: 945 sq.m.

Mezzanine Sky Terrace L7

Office L8 - L11

Office L1 - L6

145 Nguyen - Capital Axonometric YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUATrai PEARL 19 Yap Kai Jun Aston, Phua Jue Hua Pearl

Land + Asset Acquisition Cost $81 735 616

Construction Cost $16 822 212

Plot Area: 2050 m2 GFA: 19582 m2 Land Cost: $62 852 885 Asset Cost: $18 883 431

New Works: $13 378 200 A&A Works: $1 886 400 Demolotion: $28 320 Contingency: $1 529 292

Greening Cost $202 500 (PV Cells)

Construction Cost $859 per sq.m.

Aluminium Fa 268 m3 723 600 Kg $152 760

CLT 4925 m3 $2 955 000 $1 405 330 Over Programme: Hotel & Office Plot area: 2035 m2 Total GFA: 19 582 m2

Timber Facad 268 m3 166 160 Kg $50 920 $101 840 Und

Construction Material Comparison Costs

Cap rate: 6.76% Project Development Costs: $116 689 138 PDC per sq.m.: $5959 Total Hrs of Labour: 1183h Total Archi Cost: $336 424 Labour Cost:$284 per hr

Conventional Concrete 4925 m3 1 182 000 Kg Rebar 197 m3 1 546 450 Kg $1 549 670

24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

W 08|16

T 08|17

F 08|18

S 08|19

S 08|20

M 08|21

T 08|22

W2 W:69h (34 + 35) T:20h (10 + 10) C:27KgCO2e

W 08|23

T 08|24

F 08|25

S 08|26

S 08|27

M 08|28

T 03|29

W3 W: 62h (32 + 30) T: 30h (15 + 15) C:

W 08|30

T 08|31

F 09|01

S 09|02

S 09|03

M 09|04

T 09|05

W4 W: 81h (39 + 42) T: 21h (11 + 10) C:

W 09|06

T 09|07

F 09|08

S 09|09

S 09|10

M 09|11

T 09|12

W5 W: 49h (23 + 26) T: 14h (6 +8) C:

W 09|13

T 09|14

F 09|15

S 09|16

S 09|17

M 09|18

T 09|19

W6 W: 110h (54 + 56) T: 26h (12 + 14) C:

W 09|20

T 09|21

F 09|22

S 09|23

S 09|24

M 09|25

T 09|26 W7 W: T: C:

W 09|27

T 09|28

F 09|29

S 09|30

S 10|01

M 10|02

T 10|03

W7 W: 69h (34 + 35) T: 20h (10 + 10) C: 27 KgCO2e

W 10|04

T 10|05

F 10|06

S 10|07

S 10|08

M 10|09

T 10|10

W8 W: 60h (30 + 28) T: 30h (15 + 15) C: 27 KgCO2e

Architect Interior Designer Lighting Project Management C&S M&E Quantity Surveyor Land Surveryor Accredited Checker Register Inspector Owner Representation

Operation Equipment Supplies

6.76% $359/m

Lauch Costs

PROJECT COSTS AND ANALYSIS CAPITAL | DEVELOPMENT PROJECT DEVELOPMENT & CAPITAL MATERIAL COST

Net Operational Income p.a. $7 035 962.

Soft Cost $1 682 221 | $85.9 per sq.m.

Consultancies Cost $3 919 108

acade Panels

de Panels

PV 750 Panels 1200 m2 $202 500

der

W 10|11

Conventional Clay Bricks 350 m3 577 500 Kg $385 000

Steel 81 m3 642 915 Kg $532 860

Compressed Earth Block 350 m3 217 000 Kg $45 500 $339 500 Under

T 10|12

F 10|13

S 10|14

S 10|15

M 10|16

T 10|17

W9 W: 81h (39 + 42) T: 21h (11 + 10) C: 31 KgCO2e

W 10|18

T 10|19

F 10|20

S 10|21

S 10|22

M 10|23

T 10|24

W10 W: 128h (63 + 65) T: 24h (12 + 12) C:

W 10|25

T 10|26

F 10|27

S 10|28

S 10|29

M 10|30

T 10|31

W11 W: 114h (56 + 58) T: 28h (14 + 14) C:

W 11|01

T 11|02

F 11|03

S 11|04

S 11|05

M 11|06

T 11|07

W12 W: 72h (36 + 36) T: 8h (4 + 4) C:

W 11|08

T 11|09

F 11|10

S 11|11

S 11|12

M 11|13

T 11|14

W13 W: 94h (48 + 46) T: 12h (6 + 6) C:

W 11|15

T 11|16

F 11|17

S 11|18

S 11|19

M 11|20

T 11|21

W14 W: 168h (84 + 84) T: 28h (14 + 14) C:

W 11|22

T 11|23

FINAL REVIEW W: 26h (13 + 13) T: 8h (4 + 4) C: TOTAL LABOUR W: 1183h (590 + 593) T: 304h (160 + 144) C:

145 Nguyen Trai - Capital Analysis

Kai Jun Aston, Phua Jue Hua Pearl YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUAYap JUE HUA PEARL 21

9911 sq.m 3623 sq.m 13294 sq.m

Total GFA of Building

19582 sq.m

COMMERCIAL PARAMETERS GFA

9911 sq.m 19582 sq.m

9998.00 sq.m

Components

Density (kg/m³) 40.95 1.64 0.00 0.00 5.00 4.00 0.00

Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg)

Mass (kg)

2400.00 7850.00 1650.00 7850.00 2700.00 2500.00 620.00

98280.00 12858.30 0.00 0.00 13500.00 10000.00 0.00

Carbon (kgCO2eq)

0.13 2.89 0.24 3.91 16.53 1.22 0.53

Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2)

12776.40 37160.49 0.00 0.00 10.00 12200.00 0.00

Materials DISPOSED

3.53 10.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.37 0.00

Volume (m³)

Concrete Rebar (4%) kbriq Steel Aluminum Glass Timber Masonry

ENERGY USED TO PARTIALLY DEMOLISH BUILDING

Density (kg/m³)

2314.95 92.60 0.00 0.00 7.88 6.30 0.00 1822.06

Mass (kg)

2400.00 7850.00 1650.00 7850.00 2700.00 2500.00 470.00 1650

Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg)

Carbon (kgCO2eq)

0.13 2.89 0.01 3.91 16.53 1.22 0.53 0.24

722264.40 2100724.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 19215.00 0.00 721535.76

5555880.00 726894.30 0.00 0.00 21276.00 15750.00 0.00 3006399

Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2)

Carbon Emission kgCO2e/m2

Carbon Emission for Demo building kgCO2e

Items Used

Excavator

16.76

60721.48

Excavator

10.82

39200.86

Carbon Emission for Demo building kgCO2e

Carbon Emission kgCO2e/m2

16.76

Transport to Landfil

Air Conditioning

10.82

Density (kg/m³)

1.2

Components

10 8 24

0 22 0 0 22 0

Hours used per day 8 3 6 24 24 10

107237.02

Energy per unit/kwH

Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg)

Mass (kg)

Carbon (kgCO2eq)

Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2)

Materials of New build

Volume (m³)

Density (kg/m³)

Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg)

Mass (kg)

Carbon (kgCO2eq)

Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2)

No. of units

1.2

1374.00

2400.00

3297600.00

0.13

428688.00

Concrete

504.00

2400.00

1209600.00

0.13

157248.00

8.03

TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION Total Energy consumed annually

Rebar (4%)

54.96

7850.00

431436.00

2.89

1246850.04

#REF!

Rebar (4%)

20.16

7850.00

158256.00

2.89

457359.84

23.36

Energy Use Index (EUI)

Bricks Steel

64.00 81.90

1650.00 7850.00

105600.00 642915.00

0.24 3.91

25344.00 2513797.65

#REF! #REF!

Bricks Steel

0.00 0.00

1650.00 7850.00

0.00 0.00

0.24 3.91

0.00 0.00

G.E.F Operational Carbon

Aluminum

0.00

2700.00

0.00

16.53

10.00

#REF!

Aluminum

0.00

2700.00

0.00

16.53

10.00

0.00

0.40 2.00 1142.00 215.00

2500.00 620.00 620.00 620.00

1000.00 1240.00 708040.00 133300.00

1.22 0.53 0.25 0.05 Embodied Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2) 10

1220.00 657.20 177010.00 6665.00

#REF! #REF!

Glass Timber

0.00 3980.00

2500.00 620.00

0.00 2467600.00

1.22 0.53

0.00 1307828.00

0.00 66.79

Concrete

Glass Timber CLT Compressed Earth Block

Area (m2) 1280

PV Panels

#REF!

7 7 4

Weeks used per Yearly Energy year Consumption /kwH 52 0 52 38438.4 10 0

7 5 7 Days used per week

7 5 7 7 7 7

52 52 52

29120 57200 80080

Weeks used per Yearly Energy year Consumption /kwH 52 0 52 13728 52 0 52 0 52 19219.2 52 0

Hours used per day

Days used per week

Weeks used per Yearly Energy year Consumption /kwH 52 0

12800

318.14 44.73

4391436.12

224.26

646559.03

33.02

kgCO2e/m2/year

OPERATIONAL CARBON - MIXED USE

kgCO2eq/m2 4229366.89 162069.23

kWh/m2*year

0.85 kgCO2e/kwh 202117.76 kgCO2e

20.22

TOTALS kgCO2eq

237785.60 kwh/year

23.78

Carbon (kgCO2eq)

TOTALS

Carbon for Adaptive Reuse

1000 550 55 No. of units

Days used per week

10 10 10

EMBODIED CARBON OF REPLACEMENT - FULLY NEW

Volume (m³)

Type of Carbon Embodied carbon of REPLACEMENT Carbon Emission from Partial Demolition

Hours used per day 0 220 0

OPERATIONAL CARBON COMPONENETS (RETAIL)

166108.36

Air Conditioning EMBODIED CARBON OF REPLACEMENT - Partial Structure + Reinforcement (If any)

No. of units

1.2 0.048 1.125

Lighting 0.008 Computers 0.05 Printers 0.17 OPERATIONAL CARBON COMPONENETS (F&B) Components Energy per unit/kwH 2.50 Stove 0.80 Microwave 0.008 Lights (LED) 0.04 Freezer 0.10 Refridgerator 0.048 Fan

72.88 211.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.94 0.00 36.85

ENERGY USED TO DEMOLISH BUILDING

Items Used

Energy per unit/kwH

Air Conditioning Fan Heating

MATERIAL CARBON OF FULLY DEMOLISHED BUILDING Volume (m³)

Concrete Rebar (4%) Bricks Steel Aluminum Glass Timber

Materials USED to replace

No. of Floors

OPERATIONAL CARBON COMPONENTS (OFFICE)

MATERIAL CARBON OF PARTIAL DEMOLISHED BUILDING Materials DISPOSED

Transport to Landfil

OPERATIONAL CARBON - COMMERCIAL (OFFICE, RETAIL, F&B)

FULL DEMOLITION BUILDING PARAMETERS GFA of Destroyed GFA of Replacement

% of building demolished

36.6%

MIXED USE PARAMETERS

Type of Carbon Embodied carbon of REPLACEMENT Carbon Emission from Demolition

kgCO2eq 1922445.84 3115549.31

kgCO2eq/m2 98.17 314.35

Carbon for New Demolition Construction

5037995.15

257.28

19582.00

GFA (m2)

OPERATIONAL CARBON OF MIXED USE GFA (m2)

CARBON SAVINGS Carbon Savings

Commercial Residential

9998.00 0.00

51.1% 0.0%

kWh (annually) 237785.60 0.00

Hotel

9584.00

% of GFA

48.9%

879534.82

87.2% of the carbon that Full Demolition and reconstruction of the building would emit with the SAME GFA 1 times the amount of carbon emitted from Adaptive Reuse with the SAME GFA

Adaptive reuse will produce New Demolition will produce

TOTAL CARBON OF MIXED USE Total Energy consumed annually

OPERATIONAL CARBON - HOTEL HOTEL PARAMETERS GFA Usable space(m2)

9584.00

Keys

238

Room Size

1117320.42 kwh/year

57.06

Energy Use Index (EUI) G.E.F Operational Carbon

17.5

kWh/m2*year

0.85 kgCO2e/kwh 949722.35 kgCO2e

48.50

kgCO2e/m2/year

OPERATIONAL CARBON COMPONENTS Peak Season Components

Energy per unit/kwH

No. of units

Non-Peak Season Days used per week

Hours used per day

Weeks used per Yearly Energy year Consumption (kwH) 40 13440 20 9642.5 10 46620 52 0 0 0 20 2856 40 12.8

Air Conditioning Fan Heating (Boilers) Lighting (Incandescent) Lighting (LED) Refridgeration Microwave Any other appliances

1.2 0.048 37 0.06 0.008 0.17 0.8

5 290 3 0 1455 5 1

8 5 6 10 0 24 1

7 7 7 7 0 7 0.4

Industrial Washing Machine Dryer Elevators IN USE Elevators IDLE Hair Dryer

4.75 15 0.83 0.21 1.2

0 0 3 0 238

10 3 2 22 1

6 5 7 7 7

13 52 52 52 52

0 0 1812.72 0 103958.4

Television Landline

0.1 0.003

238 238

3 7

6 1

52 52

238

0.1 0.04 0.003 0.05 0.031 0.9 14.2 5

1 2 1 10 2 0 0 0

24 5 5 8 8 24 24 8

24 5 1 5 5 7 7 7

Plugs Mini Fridge Printer Landline Computer Water Cooler Swimming Pool Gym (everything included) Hot tub TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION Total Energy consumed annually

Energy per unit/kwH

Components Air Conditioning Fan Heating (Boilers) Lighting (Incandescent) Lighting (LED) Refridgeration Microwave Any other appliances

No. of units

Days used per week

Hours used per day

Weeks used per year

Yearly Energy Consumption/ (kwH) 48384 2660 195804 0 0 913.92 3.84

PV PANELS

1.2 0.048 37 0.06 0.008 0.17 0.8

60 50 3 200 0 1 1

8 5 6 10 0 24 1

7 7 7 7 0 7 0.4

12 32 42 0 52 32 12 52

ROOF CAPACITY Area of Roof for PV No. of PV Panels holdable

Industrial Washing Machine Dryer Elevators IN USE Elevators IDLE Hair Dryer

4.75 15 0.83 0.21 1.2

15 4 2 2 1

10 3 2 22 1

6 5 7 7 7

39 0 0 0 0

166725 0 0 0 0

22276.8 259.896

Television Landline

0 .1 0.003

1 1

3 7

6 1

0 0

Annual Operational Carbon Annual PV Carbon

259896

Plugs

Net Positive

52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52

2995.2 104 0.78 1040 128.96 0 0 0

Mini Fridge Printer Landline Computer Water Cooler Swimming Pool Gym (everything included) Hot tub

0.1 0.04 0.003 0.05 0.031 0.9 14.2 5

1 2 1 10 2 1 1 1

24 5 5 8 8 24 24 8

24 5 1 5 5 7 7 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.76 1280

Annual Energy produced (first year)

675104 kWH/year

Number of Panels Daylight Hours (h)

750 10

Annual PV Panel Degration

0.05%

G.E.F Operational Carbon

17% 85%

Grid Emission Factor

0.85

CARBON SAVINGS 949722.35 573838.4

-375883.95

kWh/m2*year

0.85 kgCO2e/kwh 747604.59 kgCO2e/year

78.01

kgCO2e/m2/year

EXISTING ASSETS

PDE

COST PARAMETERS

OFFICE ASSETS

ARCHI + FAÇADE + ENGINEERING ITEMS 17,798 ₫ = S$1

Prevailing exchange rate Break-even target

Item

BUILDING PARAMETERS Rate, %

Rate, fixed

Rate, /sq.m

10 years

Area

for GFA

LAND / ASSET PARAMETERS

others

2,050 sq.m

Gross floor area, existing

6,288 sq.m

Cost

A&A works Demolition works

9.5

Gross floor area, proposed

$1,100.00

12,162

$13,378,200.00

$300.00

6,288

$1,886,400.00

$60.00

472

10%

$1,529,292.00

$16,822,212.00

19,475 sq.m

Proposed additional floor area

13,187 sq.m

Efficiency, proposed

Construction subtotal

$863.78

82 %

Net floor area, proposed

per sq.m

15,970 sq.m

Land value

439,000,000 ₫ /sq.m

CONSULTANCY FEES

Asset value, indicative

43,000,000 ₫ /sq.m

Item

Rate, %

Rate, fixed

Rate, /sq.m

Area

GFA 1,920 ₫ /kWh

Energy cost

LAND LAND ACQUISITION COST Rate, %

Land cost

Land value

Asset cost per sq.m

whole plot

per sq.m

whole area

$24,665.69

$50,564,670.19

$2,416.00

$15,191,819.31

if not GFA

Gross revenue, per category

$8,606,212.83

$252,333.18

VAT

$860,621.28

$336,444.24

Net revenue, per category

$336,444.24

Total net revenue

C&S engineers' fees

1.50%

$252,333.18

Total cost

$1,549,118.31

M&E engineers' fees

1.50%

$252,333.18

Quantity surveyor fees

1.00%

$168,222.12

Net operating income

$6,196,473.24

Land survey fees

$25,000.00

Accredited checker fees Registered inspector fees Owner representative fees

1.50%

$0.00

3.00%

$739.97

$1,516,940.11

$72.48

$455,754.58

Total fees

23.00%

$168,222.12 $25,000.00

$25,000.00

$17,166,755.82

OPERATIONAL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES, LAUNCH COSTS, AND OTHER SOFT COSTS

$5,713,807.73

$1,716,675.58

Item

$62,851,885.04

$18,883,431.40

Rate, %

$3,919,108.76

$50,000.00

$57,138,077.31

Rate, fixed

Rate, /sq.m GFA

Area

GFA

specified

if not GFA

Prevailing growth assumption

2.00% p.a.

Lending interest rate

6.60% p.a.

Loan limit

80% of total expenditure

Loan duration

78% of net floor area

Public space intensity

10% of net floor area

MICE facility intensity

0% of net floor area

Back-of-house space intensity

12% of net floor area

Key size, gross

OES items, estimate

5.00%

$841,110.60

Launch cost items, estimate

5.00%

$841,110.60

18 sq. m 5,500,000 ₫ /night

Key rate

$309.02 /night Occupancy rate

$1,682,221.20 $22,423,541.96

Total soft costs

78%

Public space RevPAM

10,000,000 ₫ /sq. m p.a.

MICE facility RevPAM

15,000,000 ₫ /sq. m p.a.

$561.86 /sq. m p.a. $842.79 /sq. m p.a.

OPERATIONAL COSTS Total operational costs

$104,158,858.40

Valuation

Key intensity

Cost

6.75%

Cap rate

HOTEL ASSETS

$252,333.18

Total of all items + fees + OES

0% of net floor area

$7,745,591.55

BUILDING PARAMETERS

$81,735,316.44

50% of net floor area

$7,745,591.55

$25,000.00

1.00%

$759,590.97

50% of net floor area

60% of revenue

PROJECTED NET OPERATIONAL INCOME PER ANNUM Item

7 years

Keys

No. of keys

31/12/2026

31/12/2027

31/12/2028

31/12/2029

31/12/2030

31/12/2031

31/12/2032

31/12/2033

31/12/2034

31/12/2035

31/12/2036

CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

Cost

OPERATIONAL PERIOD

$81,735,316.44

A+F+E items

$16,822,212.00

$5,607,404.00

Consultancy items

$3,919,108.76

$1,306,369.59

OES items

$841,110.60

Launch items

$841,110.60

MICE facilities

1,597

$1,681.01

$561.86

$842.79

Gross revenue, per category

$20,938,998.76

$897,263.74

$0.00

$2,093,899.88

12,456

$89,726.37

$0.00 10%

Net revenue, per category

$18,845,098.89

$807,537.36

$0.00

Total net revenue

$19,652,636.25

Operational costs

$11,791,581.75

$7,861,054.50

Net operating income

Net operating income, p.a.

$7,028,763.87

$7,169,339.15

$7,312,725.93

$7,458,980.45

$7,608,160.06

$7,760,323.26

$7,915,529.72

$8,073,840.32

$8,235,317.13

$8,400,023.47

Net operating income to date

$7,028,763.87

$14,198,103.02

$21,510,828.95

$28,969,809.40

$36,577,969.46

$44,338,292.71

$52,253,822.44

$60,327,662.76

$68,562,979.88

$76,963,003.35

Rate

VAT

Gross revenue, per sq. m 31/12/2025

Public spaces 238

Total area, sq. m 31/12/2024

Acquiring land + assets

10%

2.00% 2.00%

$759,590.97

% of building used as residential

$583.08

Other misc. archi consultant fees

$120.80

CAP RATE ROI - MIX

Gross revenue, per sq. m

Project management fees

$120.80

% of building used as office

Total lettable facility area, sq. m $336,444.24

$2,528,233.51

% of building used as hospitality

Rate 14,760

$1,513,999.08

$2,528,233.51

Total value of land + assets

Total lettable office space, sq. m

1.50%

$1,233.28

Subtotal, per category

Office space

2.00%

$1,233.28

10%

20% of revenue

PROJECTED NET OPERATIONAL INCOME PER ANNUM Item

9.00%

VAT

Total operational costs

Architect's fees

Subtotal, pre-VAT, per category

94% of office space

OPERATIONAL COSTS

Lighting consultants' fees

Land acquisition legal fees Land acquisition consultancy fees

Cost

Projected occupancy, typical

Interior designers' fees

Land acquisition title and recording fee

Brokerage fees

specified

$51.69 /sq. m p.m.

$28,320.00 $0.00

Contingency

100% of net floor area 920,000 ₫ /sq. m p.m.

Office rental rate

Additional greening costs Plot ratio, proposed

Office intensity

if not GFA

New works

Land plot area

Cost items

PV Efficiency Performance Ratio

879534.82 kwh/year

91.77

Energy Use Index (EUI)

Item

1280 sq.m 1684.2

PV PANEL PARAMETERS Area of 1 Panel (m2) Total area of panels (m2)

RESIDENTIAL ASSETS BUILDING PARAMETERS

Total capital required, this FY

-$88,649,090.03

of which equity

-$17,729,818.01

-$1,382,754.72

-$1,719,198.96

Total equity to date

-$17,729,818.01

-$19,112,572.72

-$6,913,773.59

-$20,831,771.68

$10,113.50 /sq. m p.m. PROJECTED SALES INCOME Item

Principal required, this FY

-$70,919,272.02

-$5,531,018.87

-$6,876,795.83

Total principal to date

-$70,919,272.02

-$76,450,290.89

-$83,327,086.72

180,000,000 ₫ /sq. m

Selling price

-$8,595,994.79

-$83,327,086.72

-$83,327,086.72 Gross revenue per category

Units

Rate

Total equity + principal, to date

-$88,649,090.03

-$95,562,863.61

-$104,158,858.40 -$4,713,932.33

-$3,928,276.95

-$3,142,621.56

-$2,356,966.17

-$1,571,310.78

-$785,655.39

$0.00

$785,655.39

VAT and levies

$16,150,747.27

Interest, this FY

-$4,680,671.95

-$365,047.25

-$453,868.52

$785,655.39

$0.00

Net revenue per category

$145,356,725.47

Total interest due

-$4,680,671.95

-$5,045,719.20

-$5,499,587.72

-$4,713,932.33

-$3,928,276.95

-$3,142,621.56

-$2,356,966.17

-$1,571,310.78

-$785,655.39

$0.00

Total net revenue

Total debt serviceable

-$75,599,943.97

-$81,496,010.09

-$88,826,674.44

-$88,041,019.05

-$87,255,363.67

-$86,469,708.28

-$85,684,052.89

-$84,898,397.50

-$84,112,742.11

-$83,327,086.72

-$83,327,086.72 Total cost Total profit

Total expenditure

-$109,658,446.12

$161,507,472.75 10% $145,356,725.47 $0.00

$145,356,725.47

CARBON AND CAPITAL SPREADSHEET

PARTIAL DEMOLITION - ADAPTIVE REUSE BUILDING PARAMETERS GFA of Existing Building GFA of Destroyed GFA of Replacement

CARBON, CAPITAL & LABOUR REPORT

CARBON REPORT EMBODIED CARBON Existing GFA: 9911 m 2

Adaptive reuse with new addition GFA:

Embodied carbon: 3 915 478 KgCO 2e

Discarded embodied carbon:

Embodied carbon/sq.m:

Embodied carbon of new addition:

395 KgCO 2e/m2

2 085 350 KgCO 2e

% improvement

19 582 m 2

32%

1 431 317 KgCO 2e

Total embodied carbon: 3 616 586 KgCO 2e Total embodied carbon/sq.m: 269 KgCO 2e/m2 Breakdown of new addition

Materials

Mass kg

Carbon factor KgCO2e/Kg

Mass Engineered Timber Steel Structure Compressed Earth Blocks

3 053 500 642 915 309 380

0.25 3.9 0.04

9,999,999 KgCO2e Embodied carbon KgCO2e 763 375 2 516 797 15 159

OPERATIONAL CARBON Existing EUI: 69 kWh/m 2 p.a.

Adaptive reuse with new addition EUI:

Operational carbon: 59 KgCO 2e p.a.

Operational carbon:

60 kWh/m 2 p.a.

% improvement 13%

51 KgCO2e p.a.

Offsets Required PV to fully offset operational carbon: 1969 m 2 Actual area of PV provided: 1280 m2

% offsetted 65.00%

Alternative avenues of carbon offsetting -

LABOUR Average working hours over 13 weeks: Peak working hours per week: Total incurred cost for prints and models:

45 h 168 h $564

FINAL & PROCESS MODELS - Aston, Pearl

FINAL MODEL YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 04 | MASSING

WEEK 04 | MASSING YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 05 | MASSING

WEEK 05 | MASSING YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 05 | MASSING

WEEK 06 | MASSING YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 08 | STRUCTURE YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 09 | STRUCTURE, ENVELOPE YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 10 | STRUCTURE, ENVELOPE, COLOUR, PROGRAM

YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 11 | STRUCTURE, ENVELOPE, COLOUR, PROGRAM

YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 12 | STRUCTURE, ENVELOPE, COLOUR, PROGRAM

YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

PROCESS DRAWINGS - Aston, Pearl

WEEK 07 | ARCHITECTURE AND CAPITAL YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 09 | ARCHITECTURE

PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 09 | CAPITAL YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 09 | CARBON YAP KAI JUN ASTON

WEEK 09 | CARBON & CAPITAL SPREADSHEET

WEEK 10 | ARCHITECTURE

PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 10 | CARBON YAP KAI JUN ASTON

WEEK 10 | CAPITAL

YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 11 | ARCHITECTURE

PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 11 | CARBON YAP KAI JUN ASTON

WEEK 11 | CAPITAL YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

WEEK 12 | CAPITAL YAP KAI JUN ASTON, PHUA JUE HUA PEARL

4 CLOUD-IN HOTEL 145 Nguyen Trai Building Site B Situated behind an existing department in a bustling urban block, this high-rise tower serves primarily as a hotel, designed with a dominant focus on proposing capital maximization. The project strategically explores various strategies to offset both embodied and operational carbon, showcasing a commitment to environmental sustainability and also financial positive circulation.

Yi Fan, Hanyue

ARCHITECTURE DENG HANYUE

Retained Structure ( the Existing Building) Concrete Columns, Beams

CARBON

Retained Masonry Walls, the Staircases and the Facade ( the Existing Building)

New Structure CLT structure system (7-19 Storeys) Green Concrete Structure System (1-6 Storeys)

DENG HANYUE

Adaptive Reuse CLT Walls & Floor slabs CLT Triangle Ventilation Components PV Panels on the Rooftop

CARBON

Operational Carbon / year 2441638.01 kgCO2e 133.60 kgCO2e/m2/year

Rebar 60.48 m3 474749.16 kg 1372024.07kgCO2e

Total Embodied Carbon 4838269.91 kgCO2e 264.73 kgCO2e/m2

Green Concrete 2400m3 3628656.00 kg 235862.64kgCO2e

Glass 27.40 m3 68500 kg 83570 kgCO2e

Steel 2 m3 15700 kg 61387.00 kgCO2e

CLT 11017.26 m3 5288764.80 kg 1322191.20 kgCO2e

Adaptive Reuse New Recycled Plastic Facade PV Panels

DENG HANYUE

Programme: Hotel & Service Apartment Plot area: 816 m2 Total GFA: 15,487 m2 Cap rate: 8.26% Theoretical cap rate with conventional materials: 8.27%

Hotel 327 keys

MICE spaces, restaurants

Circulatory space

Public space

0m 1:200

10m

20m

24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

08|16 08|17 08|18 08|19 08|20 08|21 08|22 08|23 08|24 08|25 08|26 08|27 08|28 08|29 08|30 08|31 09|01 09|02 09|03 09|04 09|05 09|06 09|07 09|08 09|09 09|10 09|11 09|12 09|13 09|14 09|15 09|16 09|17 09|18 09|19 09|20 09|21 09|22 09|23 09|24 09|25 09|26 09|27 09|28 09|29 09|30 10|01 10|02 10|03 10|04 10|05 10|06 10|07 10|08 10|09 10|10 10|11 10|12 10|13 10|14 10|15 10|16 10|17 10|18 10|19 10|20 10|21 10|22 10|23 10|24 10|25 10|26 10|27 10|28 10|29 10|30 10|31 11|01 11|02 11|03 11|04 11|05 11|06 11|07 11|08 11|09 11|10 11|11 11|12 11|13 11|14 11|15 11|16 11|17 11|18 11|19 11|20 11|21 W2 W:51h (23 + 28) T:12h (6 + 6) C:22KgCO2e

W3 W:13h (8+5) T:4h (2+2) C:8KgCO2e

W4 W: 37h (27+12) T: 4h (2+2) C: 10KgCO2e

W5 W: 51h (23+28) T: 12h (6+6) C: 21KgCO2e

W5 W: 84h (40+44) T: 14h (8+6) C: 24KgCO2e

W6 W:7h (3+4) T:0h (0+0) C:0KgCO2e

W7 W:22h (10+12) T:9h (0+0) C:20KgCO2e

W8 W:22h (24+28) T:25h (0+0) C:52KgCO2e

W9 W:22h (24+28) T:25h (0+0) C:52KgCO2e

W10 W:22h (24+28) T:25h (0+0) C:52KgCO2e

W11 W:22h (24+28) T:25h (0+0) C:52KgCO2e

W12 W:22h (24+28) T:25h (0+0) C:52KgCO2e

W13 W:22h (24+28) T:25h (0+0) C:52KgCO2e

W14 W:22h (24+28) T:25h (0+0) C:52KgCO2e

CAPITAL

FINAL

Interest $6,650,519

Consultancies $4,479,066 NOI p.a. $125,956,808.13

Soft costs $1,925,681

10.6% $8,133 per sq.m

Land + asset acquisition $53,662,219

Construction $17,363,090

Greening cost $143,100

$1,130 per sq.m

BU YI FAN

FINAL

55°C

30°C

tio

tila

s Cro 3-11km/h 11-24km/h 24-35km/h

24°C

Ambient air temperature

Reflect

0m 1:50

30°C

Surface temperature

ing Su nlight

Average speed: 11.2km/h

erin

elt

BU YI FAN

eli

a Ch

all

inf

CLIMATIC INTERFACE

55°C

30°C

24°C

Surface temperature

Ambient air temperature

0m 1:50

1.25m

3-11km/h 11-24km/h 24-35km/h

2.5m

Average speed: 11.2km/h Average precipitation in May & Jun: 226mm Average precipitation in Jul & Aug: 269.5mm Average precipitation in Sep & Oct: 285mm

DENG HANYUE

7983. 6 sq.m 3087. 09 sq.m 13379. 55 sq.m

Total GFA of Building

18276.06 sq.m

FULL DEMOLITION B U I LD I N G P A R A M ET ER S GFA of Destroyed GFA of Replacement

OPERATIONAL CARBON - COMMERCIAL (OFFICE, RETAIL, F&B) CO M M ER CI A L P A R A M ET ER S GFA

7983. 6 sq.m 18276. 06 sq.m

No. of Floors

Air Conditioning Fan Heating

1.2 0.048 1.125

0 0 0

10 10 10

6 6 4

Weeks used per year 52 52 10

Lighting Computers Printers O P ER A T I O N A L CA R B O N CO M P O N EN ET S (F& B )

0.008 0.05 0.17

0 0 0

10 8 1

6 5 6

52 52 52

Components

M A T ER I A L CA R B O N O F P A R T I A L D EM O LI S H ED B U I LD I N G

M A T ER I A L CA R B O N O F FU LLY D EM O LI S H ED B U I LD I N G

Materials DISPOSED

Volume (m³)

Density (kg/m³)

Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg)

Mass (kg)

Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2)

Carbon (kgCO2eq)

Materials DISPOSED

Volume (m³)

Density (kg/m³)

Mass (kg)

Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg)

Carbon (kgCO2eq)

Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2)

Concrete Rebar (4%) Bricks

117 1. 2 6 46.85 567. 54

2400.00 7850.00 1650.00

2811012.37 367774.12 936436.60

0.13 2.89 0.24

365431.61 1062867.20 224744.78

118.37 344.29 72.80

Concrete Rebar (4%) Bricks

2 3 14 . 9 5 92.60 18 2 2 . 0 6

2400.00 7850.00 1650.00

5555880.00 726894.30 3006399.00

0.13 2.89 0.01

722264.40 2100724.53 30063.99

90.47 263.13 3.77

Steel Aluminum Glass Timber

0. 00 2. 4 5 1. 9 6 0. 00

7850.00 2700.00 2500.00 620.00

0.00 6626.70 4903.99 0.00

3.91 16.53 1.22 0.53

0.00 10.00 5982.86 0.00

0.00 0.00 1.94 0.00

Steel Aluminum Glass Timber

0. 00 7. 88 6. 30 0. 00

7850.00 2700.00 2500.00 470.00

0.00 21276.00 15750.00 0.00

3.91 16.53 1.22 0.53

0.00 0.00 19215.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 2.41 0.00

EN ER G Y U S ED T O P A R T I A LLY D EM O LI S H B U I LD I N G Carbon Emission kgCO2e/m2

Carbon Emission for Demo building kgCO2e

Items Used

Excavator

16.76

51739.63

Excavator

10.82

33402.31

Carbon Emission kgCO2e/m2

Energy per unit/kwH

Stove Microwave Lights (LED) Freezer Refridgerator Fan

Materials USED to replace

Density (kg/m³)

Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg)

Mass (kg)

Concrete

15 11. 9 4

24 00. 00

3628656.00

Rebar (4%)

60.48

7850. 00

474749.16

Bricks Steel

0. 00 2. 00

16 5 0 . 0 0 7850. 00

0.00 15700.00

Aluminum

0. 00

2700. 00

0.00

16 . 5 3

27. 4 0 110 18 . 2 6

2500. 00 4 80. 00

68500.00 5288764.80

Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2)

Carbon (kgCO2eq)

Air Conditioning

133805.14

10.82

235862.64

2. 89

1372025.07

0. 24 3. 91

0.00 61387.00 10.00

#REF!

83570.00 1322191.20

#REF! #REF!

Glass CLT

1. 2 2 0. 25

#REF!

Volume (m³)

Density (kg/m³)

Concrete

3826. 89

#REF!

Rebar (4%)

#REF! #REF!

Bricks Steel Aluminum

Mass (kg)

1.2

Carbon (kgCO2eq)

0.07

596994.84

32.67

2.89

3472749.60

190.02

Energy Use Index (EUI)

0.24 3.91

0.00 61387.00

0.00 3.36

G . E. F Operational Carbon

10.00

0.00

102785.00 1540838.40

5.62 84.31

9184536.00

153.08

7850.00

1201643.46

0. 00 2. 00

1650.00 7850.00

0.00 15700.00

7. 88

2700.00

21276.00

16.53

33. 70 12 8 4 0 . 3 2

2500.00 480.00

84250.00 6163353.60

1.22 0.25

Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2)

No. of units

1.2

231.26 564.99

4838269.91

264.73

Weeks used per year 52

Yearly Energy Consumption /kwH 0

20745.09 kw h/year

5.03

kW h/m2* year

0.85 kgCO 2e/kw h 17633.32 kgCO 2e

4.28

kgCO 2e/m2/year

% of building demolished

OPERATIONAL CARBON - MIXED USE

38. 7%

M I X ED U S E P A R A M ET ER S

Type of Carbon Embodied carbon of REPLACEMENT Carbon Emission from Demolition

kgCO2eq 5774764.84 3092455.61

kgCO2eq/m2 315.97 387.35

Carbon for New Demolition Construction

8867220.44

485.18

GFA (m2)

18276.06

O P ER A T I O N A L CA R B O N O F M I X ED U S E GFA (m2) 4 12 3 . 4 0 0. 00

% of GFA 22.6% 0.0%

kWh (annually) 20745.09 0.00

14 15 2 . 6 6

77.4%

2851770.22

Commercial Residential

CA R B O N S A V I N G S

220.45

Hotel

Carbon Savings

4028950.53

Adaptive reuse will produce

54 .6% of the carbon that Full Demolition and reconstruction of the building would emit with the SAME GFA 2 times the amount of carbon emitted from Adaptive Reuse with the SAME GFA T O T A L CA R B O N O F M I X ED U S E Total Energy consumed annually

OPERATIONAL CARBON - HOTEL H O T EL P A R A M ET ER S GFA Usable space(m2)

Hours used per day Days used per week 0

T O T A L EN ER G Y CO N S U M P T I O N Total Energy consumed annually

19045.6

kgCO2eq/m2 3094091.51 1744178.40

New Demolition will produce

7 0 7 7 7 7

Energy per unit/kwH

Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg)

2400.00

T O T A LS kgCO2eq

Carbon for Adaptive Reuse

52 0 52 52 52 52

8 0 6 24 24 10

0 0 0 Yearly Energy Consumption /kwH 14560 0 559.104 733.824 1747.2 3144.96

Carbon (kgCO2eq)

T O T A LS T ype of Car bon Embodied carbon of REPLACEMENT Carbon Emission from Partial Demolition

2 0 32 2 2 18

Weeks used per year

0 0 0

O P ER A T I O N A L CA R B O N CO M P O N EN ET S (R ET A I L) Component s

86382.55

Materials of New build

0. 07

Embodied Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2) 10

Area (m2) 1904.56

PV Panels

Hours used per day Days used per week

Yearly Energy Consumption /kwH

EM B O D I ED CA R B O N O F R EP LA CEM EN T - FU LLY N EW

Volume (m³)

Glass CLT

Hours used per day Days used per week

No. of units

2.50 0.80 0.008 0.04 0.10 0.048

Air Conditioning EM B O D I ED CA R B O N O F R EP LA CEM EN T - P ar t i al S t r uc t ur e + R ei nf or c ement (I f any)

No. of units

Carbon Emission for Demo building kgCO2e

16 . 7 6

Transport to Landfil

Energy per unit/kwH

Components

EN ER G Y U S ED T O D EM O LI S H B U I LD I N G

Items Used

Transport to Landfil

4 123. 4 0 sq.m

O P ER A T I O N A L CA R B O N CO M P O N EN T S (O FFI CE)

14 15 2 . 6 6

Keys

300

Room Size

2872515.31 kw h/year

157.17

Energy Use Index (EUI) G . E. F Operational Carbon

kW h/m2* year

0.85 kgCO 2e/kw h 2441638.01 kgCO 2e

133.60

kgCO 2e/m2/year

O P ER A T I O N A L CA R B O N CO M P O N EN T S P eak S eason Components

Energy per unit/kwH

No. of units

N on-P eak S eason

Hours used per day Days used per week

Weeks used per year

Yearly Energy Consumption (kwH)

Energy per unit/kwH

No. of units

Hours used per day Days used per week

Weeks used per year

Yearly Energy Consumption/ (kwH)

PV PANELS

Air Conditioning Fan Heating (Boilers) Lighting (Incandescent) Lighting (LED) Refridgeration Microwave Any other appliances

1. 2 0. 04 8 37 0. 06 0. 008 0 . 17 0. 8

59 600 0 900 0 300 2

8 5 6 10 0 24 1

7 7 7 7 0 7 0. 4

40 20 10 52 0 20 40

158592 19950 0 196560 0 171360 25.6

Components Air Conditioning Fan Heating (Boilers) Lighting (Incandescent) Lighting (LED) Refridgeration Microwave Any other appliances

Industrial Washing Machine Dryer Elevators IN USE Elevators IDLE Hair Dryer

4 . 75 15 0. 83 0. 21 1. 2

4 4 6 2 300

10 3 2 22 1

6 5 7 7 7

13 52 52 52 52

14820 46800 3625.44 3363.36 131040

Industrial Washing Machine Dryer Elevators IN USE Elevators IDLE Hair Dryer

4 . 75 15 0. 83 0. 21 1. 2

4 4 6 2 300

10 3 2 22 1

6 5 7 7 7

39 0 0 0 0

44460 0 0 0 0

Television Landline

0. 1 0. 003

300 300

3 7

6 1

52 52

28080 327.6

Television Landline

0. 1 0. 003

300 300

3 7

6 1

0 0

Annual Operational Carbon Annual PV Carbon

600

655200

Plugs

600

Net Positive

0. 1 0. 04 0. 003 0. 05 0. 031 0. 9 14 . 2 5

300 2 1 10 2 0 1 0

24 5 5 8 8 24 24 8

24 5 1 5 5 7 7 7

52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52

898560 104 0.78 1040 128.96 0 124051.2 0

Mini Fridge Printer Landline Computer Water Cooler Swimming Pool Gym (everything included) Hot tub

0. 1 0. 04 0. 003 0. 05 0. 031 0. 9 14 . 2 5

300 2 1 10 2 1 0 0

24 5 5 8 8 24 24 8

24 5 1 5 5 7 7 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plugs Mini Fridge Printer Landline Computer Water Cooler Swimming Pool Gym (everything included) Hot tub T O T A L EN ER G Y CO N S U M P T I O N Total Energy consumed annually

1. 2 0. 04 8 37 0. 06 0. 008 0 . 17 0. 8

59 600 0 900 0 300 2

8 5 6 10 0 24 1

7 7 7 7 0 7 0. 4

12 32 42 0 52 32 12 52

47577.6 31920 0 0 0 274176 7.68

R O O F CA P A CI T Y Area of Roof for PV No. of PV Panels holdable

Annual Energy produced (first year)

220. 4 sq.m 290.0

P V P A N EL P A R A M ET ER S Area of 1 Panel (m2) Total area of panels (m2)

0. 76 1904.56

Number of Panels Daylight Hours (h)

2506 4.5

398850.5745

Annual PV Panel Degration

0. 05%

PV Efficiency Performance Ratio

17 % 75%

Grid Emission Factor

0.85

CA R B O N S A V I N G S 2441638.01 339022.9883

2102615.02

2851770.22 kw h/year

201.50

Energy Use Index (EUI) G . E. F Operational Carbon

kW h/m2* year

0.85 kgCO 2e/kw h 2424004.69 kgCO 2e/year

171.28

kgCO 2e/m2/year

SteelGlassCLT70.96157

EXISTING ASSETS

PDE

COST PARAMETERS

COMERTIAL ASSETS

ARCHI + FAÇADE + ENGINEERING ITEMS 17,798 ₫ = S$1

Prevailing exchange rate Break-even target

Item

BUILDING PARAMETERS Rate, %

Rate, fixed

Rate, /sq.m

10 years

Area

for GFA

LAND / ASSET PARAMETERS

others

New works

Land plot area

1,521 sq.m

A&A works

Gross floor area, existing

17,869 sq.m

Demolition works

12.0

Gross floor area, proposed

Contingency

383 sq.m

Efficiency, proposed

14,521

$300.00

4,260

$60.00

1,869

$19,255,874.00

$1,055.00

per sq.m

Land value

439,000,000 ₫ /sq.m

CONSULTANCY FEES

Asset value, indicative

43,000,000 ₫ /sq.m

Item

Rate, %

Rate, fixed

Rate, /sq.m

Area

GFA 1,920 ₫ /kWh

Energy cost

LAND LAND ACQUISITION COST Rate, %

Land cost

Land acquisition title and recording fee

Brokerage fees

VAT

if not GFA

Gross revenue, per sq. m Gross revenue, per category

$288,838.11

VAT

Other misc. archi consultant fees

2.00%

$385,117.48

Net revenue, per category

Project management fees

2.00%

$385,117.48

Total net revenue

$6,742,971.95

$288,838.11

Total cost

$1,348,594.39

Net operating income

$5,394,377.56

C&S engineers' fees

1.50%

M&E engineers' fees

1.50%

$288,838.11

Quantity surveyor fees

1.00%

$192,558.74

whole area $43,171,536.13

Accredited checker fees

$120.80

$2,158,576.81

Registered inspector fees

Land survey fees

$1,233.28

$1,875,825.94

$120.80

$2,158,576.81

Owner representative fees

1.50%

$0.00

3.00%

$739.97

$1,125,495.56

$72.48

$1,295,146.08

Total fees

23.00%

1.00%

$25,000.00

$50,000.00

$4,478,851.02

$48,783,835.82

OPERATIONAL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES, LAUNCH COSTS, AND OTHER SOFT COSTS

$4,878,383.58

Item

$46,633,032.76

$53,662,219.41

Cap rate

0% of net floor area

Valuation

Lending interest rate

6.60% p.a.

Loan limit

80% of total expenditure

Loan duration

HOTEL ASSETS BUILDING PARAMETERS

$4,239,366.61

26% of net floor area

2.00% p.a.

Rate, %

Rate, fixed

Rate, /sq.m GFA

Area

GFA

specified

Key intensity

88% of net floor area

Public space intensity

8% of net floor area

MICE facility intensity

6% of net floor area

Back-of-house space intensity

6% of net floor area

Cost

if not GFA

Key size, gross

OES items, estimate

5.00%

$962,793.70

Launch cost items, estimate

5.00%

$962,793.70

18 sq. m 2,500,000 ₫ /night

Key rate

$140.47 /night Occupancy rate

$1,925,587.40 $25,660,312.42

Total soft costs

85%

Public space RevPAM

10,000,000 ₫ /sq. m p.a.

MICE facility RevPAM

15,000,000 ₫ /sq. m p.a.

$561.86 /sq. m p.a. $842.79 /sq. m p.a.

10.57%

Total operational costs

$125,955,564.58

PROJECTED NET OPERATIONAL INCOME PER ANNUM

OPERATIONAL COSTS

Item

7 years

50% of revenue

Keys

Public spaces

No. of keys

14,134

Gross revenue, per sq. m

Cost items

Cost

31/12/2024

31/12/2025

31/12/2026

31/12/2027

31/12/2028

31/12/2029

31/12/2030

31/12/2031

31/12/2032

31/12/2033

31/12/2034

31/12/2035

31/12/2036

CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

OPERATIONAL PERIOD

Acquiring land + assets

$100,295,252.16

$19,255,874.00

$6,418,624.67

Consultancy items

$4,478,851.02

$1,492,950.34

OES items

$962,793.70

Launch items

$962,793.70

Net operating income, p.a. Net operating income to date

MICE facilities

1,285

964

$2,421.07

$561.86

$842.79

Gross revenue, per category

$34,220,306.55

$721,957.97

$812,202.72

VAT

$3,422,030.66

$72,195.80

$81,220.27 10%

Net revenue, per category

$30,798,275.90

$649,762.18

$730,982.45

Total net revenue

$32,179,020.52

Operational costs

$16,089,510.26

Net operating income

$13,308,775.76

$13,574,951.27

$13,846,450.30

$14,123,379.30

$14,405,846.89

$14,693,963.83

$14,987,843.11

$15,287,599.97

$15,593,351.97

$15,905,219.01

$13,308,775.76

$26,883,727.03

$40,730,177.33

$54,853,556.64

$69,259,403.53

$83,953,367.36

$98,941,210.46

$114,228,810.43

$129,822,162.39

$145,727,381.40

Rate

785

Total area, sq. m

A+F+E items

10%

$6,742,971.95

$288,838.11

$42,393,666.14

74% of net floor area

% of building used as hospitality Prevailing growth assumption

$749,219.11

$192,558.74 $25,000.00

Total of all items + fees + OES

% of building used as residential

$583.08 $7,492,191.06

$25,000.00

per sq.m $2,416.00

$100,295,252.16

% of building used as office

Total lettable facility area, sq. m $385,117.48

whole plot

CAP RATE ROI - MIX

Rate 12,849

$1,733,028.66

$1,875,825.94

Total value of land + assets

Total lettable office space, sq. m

1.50%

$37,516,518.71

Subtotal, per category

Office space

9.00%

per sq.m

10%

20% of revenue

PROJECTED NET OPERATIONAL INCOME PER ANNUM Item

2.00%

$1,233.28

Subtotal, pre-VAT, per category

94% of office space

OPERATIONAL COSTS Total operational costs

Interior designers' fees

$24,665.69

Land acquisition consultancy fees

specified

Cost

Projected occupancy, typical

Lighting consultants' fees

Land value Land acquisition legal fees

Asset cost

Architect's fees

$112,140.00 $142,100.00

Construction subtotal

$51.69 /sq. m p.m.

$1,278,000.00

$1,750,534.00

16,062 sq.m

80% of net floor area 920,000 ₫ /sq. m p.m.

$15,973,100.00

10%

88 %

Net floor area, proposed

Item

$1,100.00

18,252 sq.m

Proposed additional floor area

Office intensity Office rental rate

$142,100.00

Additional greening costs Plot ratio, proposed

Cost

if not GFA

RESIDENTIAL ASSETS BUILDING PARAMETERS

Total capital required, this FY

-$108,206,827.17

-$7,911,575.01

-$9,837,162.41

of which equity

-$21,641,365.43

-$1,582,315.00

-$1,967,432.48

Total equity to date

-$21,641,365.43

-$23,223,680.44

-$25,191,112.92

$10,113.50 /sq. m p.m. PROJECTED SALES INCOME Item

Principal required, this FY

-$86,565,461.74

-$6,329,260.01

Total principal to date

-$86,565,461.74

-$92,894,721.74

-$100,764,451.67

Total equity + principal, to date

-$108,206,827.17

-$116,118,402.18

-$125,955,564.58

180,000,000 ₫ /sq. m

Selling price

Units

Rate

-$7,869,729.93 -$100,764,451.67

-$100,764,451.67

-$100,764,451.67 Gross revenue per category

-$5,700,388.98

-$4,750,324.15

-$3,800,259.32

-$2,850,194.49

-$1,900,129.66

$950,064.83

$162,440,543.88

-$950,064.83

$0.00

VAT and levies

$16,244,054.39

Interest, this FY

-$5,713,320.47

-$417,731.16

-$519,402.18

$950,064.83

$0.00

Net revenue per category

$146,196,489.49

Total interest due

-$5,713,320.47

-$6,131,051.63

-$6,650,453.81

-$5,700,388.98

-$4,750,324.15

-$3,800,259.32

-$2,850,194.49

-$1,900,129.66

-$950,064.83

$0.00

Total net revenue

Total debt serviceable

-$92,278,782.21

-$99,025,773.38

-$107,414,905.48

-$106,464,840.65

-$105,514,775.82

-$104,564,710.99

-$103,614,646.16

-$102,664,581.33

-$101,714,516.50

-$100,764,451.67

-$100,764,451.67 Total cost Total profit

Total expenditure

-$132,606,018.39

10% $146,196,489.49 $0.00

$146,196,489.49

CARBON AND CAPITAL SPREADSHEET

PARTIAL DEMOLITION - ADAPTIVE REUSE B U I LD I N G P A R A M ET ER S GFA of Existing Building GFA of Destroyed GFA of Replacement

CARBON, CAPITAL & LABOUR REPORT

CARBON REPORT EMBODIED CARBON Existing GFA: 7983 m2

Adaptive reuse with new addition GFA:

Embodied carbon: 3 915 481 KgCO 2e

Discarded embodied carbon:

Embodied carbon/sq.m:

Embodied carbon of new addition:

490 KgCO2e/m2

18,276 m2

% improvement 46%

1 744 178 KgCO2e

3 094 091 KgCO2e Total embodied carbon: 4 838 269 KgCO2e Total embodied carbon/sq.m: 264 KgCO2e/m2

Breakdown of new addition Materials Concrete Rebar (4%) Steel Glass CLT

3094091.51 KgCO2e

Mass

Carbon factor KgCO2e/Kg

3,628,656 474,749 15,700 68,500 5,288,765

0.07 2.89 3.91 1.22 0.25

Embodied carbon KgCO2e 254,006 1,372,025 61,387 83,570 1,322,191

OPERATIONAL CARBON Existing EUI: 71 kWh/m2 p.a.

Adaptive reuse with new addition EUI:

Operational carbon: 589001 KgCO2e p.a.

Operational carbon:

157 kWh/m2 p.a.

% improvement 58%

2441638 KgCO2e p.a.

Offsets Required PV to fully offset operational carbon: 11427 m2 Actual area of PV provided: 1904 m2

% offsetted 13.90%

Alternative avenues of carbon offsetting -

LABOUR Average working hours over 13 weeks: Peak working hours per week: Total incurred cost for prints and models:

32 h 130 h $607

FINAL & PROCESS MODELS - Yi Fan, Hanyue

FINAL MODEL BU YI FAN, DENG HANYUE

WEEK 04 | MASSING BU YI FAN, DENG HANYUE

WEEK 05 | MASSING BU YI FAN, DENG HANYUE

WEEK 06 | MASSING BU YI FAN, DENG HANYUE

WEEK 07 06 | MASSING BU YI FAN, DENG HANYUE

WEEK 09 06 | STRUCTURE MASSING

BU YI FAN, DENG HANYUE

100

WEEK 10 06 || STRUCTURE, MASSING ENVELOPE, COLOUR

BU YI FAN, DENG HANYUE 101

102

WEEK 12 06 || STRUCTURE, MASSING ENVELOPE, COLOUR

BU YI FAN, DENG HANYUE 103

104

PROCESS DRAWINGS - Yi Fan, Hanyue

105

WEEK 07 | STRUCTURE

106 BU YI FAN

WEEK 07 | STRUCTURE

DENG HANYUE 107

WEEK 08 | CAPITAL WEEK 08

Aluminum 16,200 kg $3 $48,600 over

Glass 12,500 kg $6 $75,000 over

Timber 7,721,480 kg $50 $386,074,000 over

Rebar 471,000 kg $5 $2,355,000 over

Concrete 3,643,200 kg $105 $382,072,000 over

24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

W 08|16

T 08|17

F 08|18

S 08|19

S 08|20

M 08|21

T 08|22

W2 W:51h (23 + 28) T:12h (6 + 6) C:22KgCO2e

108 BU YI FAN

W 08|23

T 08|24

F 08|25

S 08|26

S 08|27

M 08|28

T 08|29 W3 W:13h (8+5) T:4h (2+2) C:8KgCO2e

W 08|30

T 08|31

F 09|01

S 09|02

S 09|03

M 09|04

T 09|05

W4 W: 37h (27+12) T: 4h (2+2) C: 10KgCO2e

W 09|06

T 09|07

F 09|08

S 09|09

S 09|10

M 09|11

T 09|12

W5 W: 51h (23+28) T: 12h (6+6) C: 21KgCO2e

T W 09|13 09|14

F 09|15

S 09|16

S 09|17

M 09|18

T 09|19

W5 W: 84h (40+44) T: 14h (8+6) C: 24KgCO2e

T W 09|20 09|21

F 09|22

S 09|23

S 09|24

M 09|25

T 09|26 W6 W:7h (3+4) T:0h (0+0) C:0KgCO2e

W 09|27

T 09|28

F S 09|29 09|30

S 10|01

M 10|02

T 10|03 W8 W: T: C:

W 10|04

T 10|05

F 10|06

S 10|07

WEEK 08 | CARBON WEEK 05

CLT Structure System

Elevator Shaft Made Entirely of CLT

0m 1:150

12m 145 Nguyen Trai - Axonometric

DENG HANYUE 109

WEEK 09 | ARCHITECTURE

110 DENG HANYUE

08 | CARBON WEEK 09

PV Panels

Aluminum

Wood Panel

Aluminum

Operational Carbon / year 2456034.44 kgCO2e 146.46 kgCO2e/m2/year

Total Embodied Carbon 7410167.03 kgCO2e 445.81 kgCO2e/m2

CLT Structural System

Concrete Floor (above 12 storeys)

Masonry 741.49 m3 1223945 kg 293747 kgCO2e

Aluminum 6.35 m3 17145 kg 283407 kgCO2e

Concrete 1518.57 m3 3644556 kg 473792 kgCO2e

Rebar 60.74 m3 476829 kg 1378037 kgCO2e

Wood Floor (below 12 storeys)

Concrete for Verticle Ventilation Core

Outirior Shell of the Old Building Remained

Replaced with Timber Structure

Glass 5.08 m3 12700 kg 15494 kgCO2e

Concrete Bottom Floor

0m 1:400

10m

20m

Timber 12454 m3 7721244kg 4092260 kgCO2e

40m

DENG 145 HANYUE Nguyen Trai - Carbon 111

WEEK 09 | CAPITAL WEEK 09

滚滚长江东逝水

Aluminum 16,200 kg $3 $48,600 over

Glass 12,500 kg $6 $75,000 over

Timber 7,721,480 kg $50 $386,074,000 over

Rebar 471,000 kg $5 $2,355,000 over

Concrete 3,643,200 kg $105 $382,072,000 over

24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

W 08|16

T 08|17

F 08|18

S 08|19

S 08|20

M 08|21

T 08|22

W2 W:51h (23 + 28) T:12h (6 + 6) C:22KgCO2e

112 BU YI FAN

W 08|23

T 08|24

F 08|25

S 08|26

S 08|27

M 08|28

T 08|29 W3 W:13h (8+5) T:4h (2+2) C:8KgCO2e

W 08|30

T 08|31

F 09|01

S 09|02

S 09|03

M 09|04

T 09|05

W4 W: 37h (27+12) T: 4h (2+2) C: 10KgCO2e

W 09|06

T 09|07

F 09|08

S 09|09

S 09|10

M 09|11

T 09|12

W5 W: 51h (23+28) T: 12h (6+6) C: 21KgCO2e

T W 09|13 09|14

F 09|15

S 09|16

S 09|17

M 09|18

T 09|19

W5 W: 84h (40+44) T: 14h (8+6) C: 24KgCO2e

T W 09|20 09|21

F 09|22

S 09|23

S 09|24

M 09|25

T 09|26 W6 W:7h (3+4) T:0h (0+0) C:0KgCO2e

W 09|27

T 09|28

F S 09|29 09|30

S 10|01

M 10|02

T 10|03 W8 W: T: C:

W 10|04

T 10|05

F 10|06

S 10|07

WEEK 09 | CARBON AND CAPITAL SPREADSHEET

BU YI FAN 113

WEEK 10 | ARCHITECTURE

114 DENG HANYUE

WEEK 10 | CARBON

DENG HANYUE 115

Programme: Hotel & Service Apartment Plot area: 816 m2 Total GFA: 15,487 m2 Cap rate: 8.26% Theoretical cap rate with conventional materials: 8.27%

Hotel Keys: 327

Construction $19,35 mat. $1,79

MICE spaces, restaurants

24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

W 08|16

T 08|17

F 08|18

S 08|19

S 08|20

M 08|21

T 08|22

W2 W:51h (23 + 28) T:12h (6 + 6) C:22KgCO2e

116

W 08|23

T 08|24

F 08|25

S 08|26

S 08|27

M 08|28

T 08|29 W3 W:13h (8+5) T:4h (2+2) C:8KgCO2e

W 08|30

T 08|31

F 09|01

S 09|02

S 09|03

M 09|04

T 09|05

W4 W: 37h (27+12) T: 4h (2+2) C: 10KgCO2e

W 09|06

T 09|07

F 09|08

S 09|09

S 09|10

M 09|11

T 09|12

W5 W: 51h (23+28) T: 12h (6+6) C: 21KgCO2e

T W 09|13 09|14

F 09|15

S 09|16

S 09|17

M 09|18

T 09|19

W5 W: 84h (40+44) T: 14h (8+6) C: 24KgCO2e

T W 09|20 09|21

F 09|22

S 09|23

S 09|24

M 09|25

T 09|26 W6 W:7h (3+4) T:0h (0+0) C:0KgCO2e

W 09|27

T 09|28

F S 09|29 09|30

S 10|01

M 10|02

T 10|03

W 10|04

T 10|05

F 10|06

S 10|07

W8 W: T: C:

145 Nguyen Trai - Proposed Site 02 Capital Calculation

WEEK 09 | CAPITAL WEEK 10

Construction period

Operational period

Equity $25,191,362 Principal $100,765,447

Cap rate 10.60%

Asset acquisition cost $100,295,252

Additional greening cost $143,100

n cost 51,255 95,205

NOI per annum $107,415,965.98

7 years

Soft costs $1,925,681 Total expenditure $132,607,328

Interest $6,650,519

Green concrete 1,785.67 m 3 $178,567 $59,522 over CLT 124,54 m3 $7,472,400 $6,725,160 over Conventional concrete $123,423

PV 530 panels $143,100

Conventional concrete $747,071

GFRC 242.24 m3 $193,792 $108,524 over Glass $85,268

Reused Plastic 84.72 m 3 $38,12 $35.69 over Aluminium 16.94 m 3 $36,904

BU YI FAN

117

WEEK 11 | ARCHITECTURE

118 DENG HANYUE

WEEK 11 | CARBON

DENG HANYUE 119

120

STUDIO DOCUMENTATION

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

AR5805, AY 2023/2024 SEMESTER 1

HOT AIR IV: CARBON & CAPITAL

IMAGE: 36 TÔN THẤT ĐẠM, QUẬN 1, HỒ CHÍ MINH, VIETNAM

DESIGN STUDIO ERIK G L'HEUREUX

FINAL REVIEW 23 NOVEMBER SDE 3 LEVEL 1 GALLERY 8.30AM - 1PM

GUESTS:

RAZVAN I. GHILIC-MICU ALAN LEE HTIN AUNG MSIA, RAIA, SENIOR ASSOCIATE, HASSELL

DESIGN & PROJECTS MANAGER, HILTON

ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT GLOBAL DESIGN & PLANNING, CAPITALAND

CALEB SHEN MAX MA BERTRAND LASTERNAS SENIOR MANAGING DIRECTOR, HINES

DIRECTOR OF DESIGN AND TECHNICAL SERVICES, ACCOR

ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, ENERGY & TECHNOLOGY SERVICES, NUS

BU YI FAN DAI BINYANG DENG HANYUE PHUA JUE HUA PEARL TAN WEN XUAN

AMY AMELIA BINTE AHMAD CINDY KOO XIN YU KEE YOKE CHOON YAP KAI JUN ASTON

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE

137

HOT AIR IV AR5801/5805 AY23/24 ERIK G L’HEUREUX DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE COLLEGE OF DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENT

138