Hot Air IV, Carbon + Capital by Equator>

Image: 36 Tôn Thất Đạm,

AIR

CARBON & CAPITAL 2 VOL. DESIGN STUDIO ERIK G L'HEUREUX (PHD) FAIA DEAN'S CHAIR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AR5805, AY 2023/2024 SEMESTER 1 BU YI FAN DAI BINYANG DENG HANYUE PHUA JUE HUA PEARL TAN WEN XUAN AMY AMELIA BINTE AHMAD CINDY KOO XIN YU KEE YOKE CHOON YAP KAI JUN ASTON DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE COLLEGE OF DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENT NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE

Amy Amelia Binte Ahmad HOT

IV:

AR5805 HOT AIR IV: CARBON & CAPITAL

Southern Vietnamese Modern Architecture - Building on Precedent Studies from Hot Air I, II & III

Analysing

Site B: Nguyen

Building Adaptive Reuse & New

Projects Alternative Low/Zero Carbon Materials Research Carbon & Capital References 4 6 44 54 60 74

Trai

Build

ANALYZING SOUTHERN VIETNAMESE MODERNIST ARCHITECTUREBUILDING ON PRECEDENT STUDIES FROM HOT AIR I,II,III

Ho Chi Minh City 2023 1 D1 Banking University of HCMC 2 D1 145 Nguyen Trai Building Total Embodied Carbon (kgCO2e) 1,981,778 2,484,164 Embodied Carbon/sqm (kgCO2e/m2) 564 395 5

NGUYEN TRAI BUILDING

145 D. Nguyen Trãi, Phuong Pham Ngu Lão Quan 1, Thành pho Ho Chí Minh, Vietnam, 10° 46 7 N 106° 41 23 E Architect: Unknown

Yi Fan, Hanyue, Pearl, Aston

Materials Concrete Rebar Clay Masonry Aluminium Steel Glass Timber Gross Floor Area (m2) 6,288 Average EUI (kWh/m2/yr) 63 Average Vietnam Energy grid emission factor (kgCO2/kWh) 0.85

Year:

Mass (kg) 3,524,904 461,174 1,907,400 13,500 0 10,000 0 Carbon Factor (kgCO2e/kg) 0.13 2.89 0.24 16.53 3.91 1.22 0.53 Embodied Carbon (kgCO2e) 458,237 1,332,795 457,776 223,115 0 12,220 0

1970

Embodied Carbon (kgCO2e): Annual Operational Carbon (kgCO2e/yr): 395 2,484,164 631,681.50 6

Embodied Carbon Emissions/sqm (kgCO2e/m2): Total

23/08/2023 - 11:47H

View from South Corner of Ton That Tung & D Le Lai Junction | Overview of Building

23/08/2023 - 11:47H

Close up view of North-West Elevation | Remnants of demolished overhanging slabs NGUYEN TRÃI BUILDING - EXTERIOR

WEEK 06

145

Quan 1, Thành pho Ho Chí Minh, Vietnam, 10° 46 7 N 106° 41 23 E 7

D. Nguyen Trãi, Phuong Pham Ngu Lão

WEEK 06

145

Quan 1, Thành

10° 46 7 N 106° 41 23 E

NGUYEN

TRÃI BUILDING - URBAN CONTEXT D. Nguyen Trãi, Phuong Pham Ngu Lão

pho Ho Chí Minh, Vietnam,

23/08/2023 - 11:47H View of South-West Elevation | Building frontage facing a main junction 23/08/2023 - 11:47H

View of North West elevation at street level | Obscure entrance to stairwell of building

WEEK 06

23/08/2023 - 11:47H

Central Triangular void within apartment complex | Residential life intertwined with commercial cafes 23/08/2023 - 11:47H

145

Quan 1,

10° 46 7 N 106° 41 23 E 9

View of North-East face of building facing neighbouring blocks | Delapitated state of buidling M&E services NGUYEN TRÃI BUILDING - INTERIOR D. Nguyen Trãi, Phuong Pham Ngu Lão

Thành pho Ho Chí Minh, Vietnam,

3-11km/h 11-24km/h 24-35km/h Total hours spent on this drawing is 10 hours Average speed: 11.2km/h 0m <35°C Total GFA: ~6294 m2 Land Cost per m2: 410 x 10^6 VND 23880 SGD Other Land Acquisition Cost: 597322 x 10^6 VND | 34043113 SGD Insurance: 100 x 10^6 VND 5699 SGD Total Cost: 3,234,608 x 10^6 VND | 184,349,532 SGD 1:200 5m10m 20m <45°C WEEK 02 PHUA JUE HUA PEARL 10

0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 0m 1:2000 50m100m 200m W 08|16 T 08|17 F 08|18 S 08|19 S 08|20 M 08|21 T 08|22 W2 W:69h (34 + 35) T:20h (10 + 10) C:27KgCO W 08|23 08|24 F 08|25 S 08|26 S 08|27 M 08|28 T 03|29 W3 W: T: W 08|30 08|31 F 09|01 S 09|02 S 09|03 M 09|04 T 09|05 W4 W: T: W 09|06 09|07 F 09|08 S 09|09 S 09|10 M 09|11 T 09|12 W5 W: T: W 09|13 T 09|14 F 09|15 S 09|16 S 09|17 M 09|18 T 09|19 W6 W: T: W 09|20 T 09|21 F 09|22 S 09|23 S 09|24 M 09|25 T 09|26 W7 W: T: W 09|27 T 09|28 F 09|29 S 09|30 S 10|01 M 10|02 10|03 W8 W: W 10|04 T 10|05 F 10|06 S 10|07 10 12 14 Concrete 1577.28 m3 3 785 472 Kg 492 111 KgCO2e Concrete Rebar Masonry Aluminium Glass Total Embodied Carbon 2 551 063 KgCO2e Operational Carbon / year 293 964 KgCO2e Rebar 65.72 m3 515 902 Kg 1 490 956 KgCO2e Aluminium 5 m3 13 500 Kg 223 115 KgCO2e Masonry 840 m3 1 386 000 Kg 332 640 KgCO2e Glass 4 m3 10 000 Kg 12 220 KgCO2e WEEK

YAP KAI JUN ASTON 11

WEEK 02

3-11km/h 11-24km/h 24-35km/h Total hours spent on this drawing is 14 hours Average speed: 11.2km/h 0m <35°C Total GFA: ~6294 m2 Land Cost per m2: 410 x 10^6 VND | 23880 SGD Other Land Acquisition Cost: 597322 x 10^6 VND | 34043113 SGD Insurance: 100 x 10^6 VND | 5699 SGD Total Cost: 3,234,608 x 10^6 VND | 184,349,532 SGD 1:200 5m10m 20m <45°C WEEK 03 81 dB 80.5 dB 80 dB 79 dB 79 dB 78 dB 78 dB 77 dB 77 dB 80.5 dB 80 dB 79 dB 78 dB 77 dB 79 dB 78 dB 77 dB 81 dB 81.5 dB 82 dB 80.5 dB 80 dB 79 dB 79 dB 78 dB 78 dB 77 dB 77 dB 79 dB 79 dB 78 dB 78 dB 77 dB 77 dB 79 dB 78 dB 77 dB 78 dB 77 dB PHUA JUE HUA PEARL 12

WEEK 03 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 0m 1:2000 50m100m 200m W 08|16 08|17 F 08|18 S 08|19 S 08|20 M 08|21 08|22 W2 W:69h (34 35) T:20h (10 10) C:27KgCO W 08|23 T 08|24 F 08|25 S 08|26 S 08|27 M 08|28 T 03|29 W3 W: T: W 08|30 08|31 F 09|01 S 09|02 S 09|03 M 09|04 T 09|05 W4 W: T: W 09|06 T 09|07 F 09|08 S 09|09 S 09|10 M 09|11 T 09|12 W: W 09|13 T 09|14 F 09|15 S 09|16 S 09|17 M 09|18 T 09|19 W6 W: T: W 09|20 09|21 F 09|22 S 09|23 S 09|24 M 09|25 09|26 W: W 09|27 T 09|28 F 09|29 S 09|30 S 10|01 M 10|02 T 10|03 W8 W: W 10|04 T 10|05 F 10|06 S 10|07 10 Concrete 1468.71 m3 3 524 904 Kg 458 237 KgCO2e Concrete Rebar Masonry Aluminium Glass Total Embodied Carbon 2 551 063 KgCO2e Operational Carbon / year 293 964 KgCO2e Rebar 65.72 m3 461 174 Kg 1 332 795 KgCO2e Aluminium 5 m3 13 500 Kg 223 115 KgCO2e Masonry 840 m3 1 908 175 Kg 457 962 KgCO2e Glass 4 m3 10 000 Kg 12 220 KgCO2e WEEK 03 YAP KAI JUN ASTON 13

WEEK 04 0m 1:1000 25m50m 100m WEEK 04 0m 1:1000 25m50m 100m WEEK 04 BU YI FAN 15

3-11km/h 11-24km/h 24-35km/h Total hours spent on this drawing is 14 hours Average speed: 11.2km/h 0m <25°C 1:200 5m10m 20m <35 °C WEEK

81 dB 80.5 dB 80 dB 79 dB 79 dB 78 dB 78 dB 77 dB 77 dB 80.5 dB 80 dB 79 dB 78 dB 77 dB 79 dB 78 dB 77 dB 81 dB 81.5 dB 82 dB 80.5 dB 80 dB 79 dB 79 dB 78 dB 78 dB 77 dB 77 dB 79 dB 79 dB 78 dB 78 dB 77 dB 79 dB 78 dB 77 dB 78 dB 77 dB 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Rainy Days/Month Relative Humidity (%) Precipitation/Rainfall (mm) Temperature °C) JANFEBMAR APR MAY JUN JULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC 20 JANFEBMAR APR MAY JUN JULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 PHUA JUE HUA PEARL 16

Concrete Rebar Masonry Aluminium Glass WEEK 04 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 0m 1:2000 50m100m 200m W 08|16 08|17 F 08|18 S 08|19 S 08|20 M 08|21 T 08|22 W2 W:69h 34 35 T:20h 10 10 W 08|23 T 08|24 F 08|25 S 08|26 S 08|27 M 08|28 T 03|29 W3 W: W 08|30 T 08|31 F 09|01 S 09|02 S 09|03 M 09|04 T 09|05 W4 W: W 09|06 T 09|07 F 09|08 S 09|09 S 09|10 M 09|11 09|12 W: W 09|13 T 09|14 F 09|15 S 09|16 S 09|17 M 09|18 T 09|19 W W 09|20 09|21 F 09|22 S 09|23 S 09|24 M 09|25 T 09|26 W: W 09|27 T 09|28 F 09|29 S 09|30 S 10|01 M 10|02 10|03 W: W 10|04 T 10|05 F 10|06 S 10|07 10 Concrete 1468.71 m3 3 524 904 Kg 458 237 KgCO2e Plot area: 1014 m2 Total GFA: 6288 m2 EUI: 60kWh/m2/year GEF: 0.85 kgCO2/kWh Total Embodied Carbon Operational Carbon / year 320 688 KgCO2e 51 KgCO2e/ m2 60 kWh/ m2/ year Rebar 58.74 m3 461 174 Kg 1 332 795 KgCO2e Aluminium 5 m3 13 500 Kg 223 115 KgCO2e Masonry 1156 m3 1 907 400 Kg 457 776 KgCO2e Glass 4 m3 10 000 Kg 12 220 KgCO2e 2 484 164 KgCO2e 395.06 KgCO2e/ m2 WEEK 04 YAP KAI JUN ASTON 17

Plot area: 1001 m2 Total GFA: 4383 m2 EUI: 60kWh/m2/year GEF: 0.85 kgCO2/kWh WEEK 04 Total Embodied Carbon 1 785 744 KgCO2e 407.42 KgCO2e/ m2 Aluminium 3.5 m3 9 450 Kg 156 180 KgCO2e Masonry 588 m3 1 335 722 Kg 320 573 KgCO2e Concrete 1028.10 m3 2 468 432 Kg 320 765 KgCO2e Rebar 46 m3 322 821 Kg 932 958 KgCO2e Glass 2.8 m3 7 000 Kg 8 554 KgCO2e Operational Carbon / year 224 481 KgCO2e 51 KgCO2e/ m2 60 kWh/ m2/ year Carbon from Demolition of Building 1 785 744 KgCO2e + 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 0m 1:2000 50m100m 200m IDENTIFIED SITE FOR NEW BUILD - TO BE DEMOLISHED Carbon generated from transportation and disposal of demolished materials + ? YAP KAI JUN ASTON 18

Carbon from Demolition of Building 2 035 748 KgCO2e + Carbon generated from transportation and disposal of demolished materials

Plot area: 806 m2 Total GFA: 4997 m2 EUI: 60kWh/m2/year GEF: 0.85 kgCO2/kWh Total Embodied Carbon 2 035 748 KgCO2e 407.42 KgCO2e/ m2 Aluminium 3.99 m3 10 773 Kg 178 045 KgCO2e Masonry 670 m3 1 522 723 Kg 365 453 KgCO2e Concrete 1172.03 m3 2 814 012 Kg 365 672 KgCO2e Rebar 52 m3 368 015 Kg 1 063 572 KgCO2e Glass 3.19 m3 7980 Kg 9751 KgCO2e Operational Carbon / year 255 908 KgCO2e 51 KgCO2e/ m2 60 kWh/ m2/ year

+ ? WEEK 05 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - Proposed Site 02 to be Demolished Embodied Carbon Calculation WEEK 04 YAP KAI JUN ASTON 19

WEEK 04 :Commercial :Residential :Public Use :School :Religious :Office 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - Program Site Axonometric PHUA JUE HUA PEARL 20

145 Nguyen Trai - Shadow Site Axonometric 23 September (Equinox) | 0700 0900 1100 1300 1500 1700 WEEK 04 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m WEEK 04 YAP KAI JUN ASTON 21

WEEK 04 145 Nguyen Trai - Solar Insulation Site Axonometric Cool Warm 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m BU YI FAN 22

145 Nguyen Trai - Wind Site Axonometric WEEK 04 36 Ton That Dam - Solar Insulation Site Axonometric Slow Fast 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m WEEK 04 BU YI FAN 23

WEEK 04 81 dB 80.5 dB 80 dB 79 dB 79 dB 78 dB 78 dB 77 dB 77 dB 80.5 dB 80 dB 79 dB 78 dB 77 dB 79 dB 78 dB 77 dB 81 dB 81.5 dB 81.5 dB 82 dB 82 dB 80.5 dB 80 dB 79 dB 79 dB 78 dB 78 dB 77 dB 77 dB 79 dB 79 dB 78 dB 78 dB 77 dB 77 dB 79 dB 79 dB 78 dB 77 dB 78 dB 77 dB 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - Acoustics Site Axonometric PHUA JUE HUA PEARL 24

50 veh/30 sec 30 veh/30sec 35 veh/30 sec 21 veh/30 sec 30veh/30sec15veh/30sec Typical traffic flow, per lane Peak traffic flow, per lane Traffic frequency of vehicles in 30 sec intervals 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - Traffic Site Axonometric WEEK 04 DENG HANYUE 25

WEEK 04 NE MONSOON SW MONSOON WIND AFFECTED DRAINAGE 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - Rain and Drainage Axonometric DENG HANYUE 26

WEEK 04

WEEK 06 INTERIM BU YI FAN 29

3-11km/h 11-24km/h 24-35km/h Total hours spent on this drawing is 18 hours Average speed: 11.2km/h 0m <25°C 1:200 5m10m 20m <35 °C WEEK 06 71 dB 70.5 dB 70 dB 69 dB 69 dB 68 dB 68 dB 67 dB 67 dB 70.5 dB 70 dB 69 dB 68 dB 67 dB 69 dB 68 dB 67 dB 71 dB 71.5 dB 72 dB 70.5 dB 70 dB 69 dB 69 dB 68 dB 68 dB 67 dB 67 dB 69 dB 69 dB 68 dB 68 dB 67 dB 69 dB 68 dB 67 dB 68 dB 67 dB 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Rainy Days/Month Relative Humidity (%) Precipitation/Rainfall (mm) Temperature (°C) JANFEBMAR APR MAY JUN JULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC 20 JANFEBMAR APR MAY JUN JULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 PHUA JUE HUA PEARL 30

Concrete Rebar Masonry Aluminium Glass WEEK 06 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m W 08|16 T 08|17 F 08|18 S 08|19 S 08|20 M 08|21 T 08|22 W 08|23 T 08|24 F 08|25 S 08|26 S 08|27 M 08|28 03|29 W 08|30 T 08|31 F 09|01 S 09|02 S 09|03 M 09|04 T 09|05 W 09|06 09|07 F 09|08 S 09|09 S 09|10 M 09|11 09|12 W 09|13 T 09|14 F 09|15 S 09|16 S 09|17 M 09|18 T 09|19 W 09|20 09|21 F 09|22 S 09|23 S 09|24 M 09|25 T 09|26 W 09|27 T 09|28 F 09|29 S 09|30 S 10|01 M 10|02 10|03 W 10|04 T 10|05 F 10|06 S 10|07 20 22 Concrete 1468.71 m3 3 524 904 Kg 458 237 KgCO2e Plot area: 1014 m2 Total GFA: 6288 m2 EUI: 63.45 kWh/m2/year GEF: 0.85 kgCO2/kWh Total Embodied Carbon Operational Carbon / year 339 100 KgCO2e 53.93 KgCO2e/ m2 63.45 kWh/ m2/ year Rebar 58.74 m3 461 174 Kg 1 332 795 KgCO2e Aluminium 5 m3 13 500 Kg 223 115 KgCO2e Masonry 1156 m3 1 907 400 Kg 457 776 KgCO2e Glass 4 m3 10 000 Kg 12 220 KgCO2e 2 484 164 KgCO2e 395.06 KgCO2e/ m2 Assumption: Building mix of 50% Residential and 50% Commercial Residential: Assumption of 20 Air conditioning units (10h daily), 40 Fans (10h daily), 20 units of Water Heating (0.5h daily), 120 units of lighting (10h daily). Commercial: Assumption of Offices, F&B and Retail, with 60 units of Air conditioning (10h daily), 40 units of fans (10h daily), 120 units of lighting 10h daily) 10 computers (8h weekdays), and 1 printer (24h daily) Assumption: Building 100% Commercial Commercial: Assumption of Offices, F&B and Retail, with 60 units of Air conditioning (10h daily), 40 units of fans (10h daily), 120 units of lighting 10h daily) 10 computers (8h weekdays), and 1 printer (24h daily)

INTERIM YAP KAI JUN ASTON 31

WEEK 06

Plot area: 1032 m2 Total GFA: 3623 m2 EUI: 84 kWh/m2/year GEF: 0.85 kgCO2/kWh Total Embodied Carbon 1 431 317 KgCO2e 395.06 KgCO2e/ m2 Aluminium 2.88 m3 7 778 Kg 128 576 KgCO2e Masonry 666.06 m3 1 098 999 Kg 263 759 KgCO2e Concrete 846.24 m3 2 303 968 Kg 264 025 KgCO2e Rebar 33.85 m3 265 718 Kg 767 925 KgCO2e Glass 2.30 m3 5761 Kg 7 029 KgCO2e Operational Carbon / year 249 901 KgCO2e 71.40 KgCO2e/ m2 81 kWh/ m2/ year Carbon from Transportation and Disposal Total Carbon from Demolition 99 922 KgCO2e Carbon from Demolition of Building 1 431 317 KgCO2e 1 531 240 KgCO2e 422.64 KgCO2e/ m2 + Assumption: Building 100% Commercial Commercial: Assumption of Offices, F&B and Retail, with 60 units of Air conditioning (10h daily), 40 units of fans (10h daily), 120 units of lighting 10h daily) 10 computers (8h weekdays), and 1 printer (24h daily) 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - Proposed Site 01 to be Demolished Embodied Carbon Calculation WEEK 06 YAP KAI JUN ASTON 32

Plot area: 963 m2 Total GFA: 4 594 m2 EUI: 106 kWh/m2/year GEF: 0.85 kgCO2/kWh Total Embodied Carbon 1 814 925 KgCO2e 395.06 KgCO2e/ m2 Aluminium 3.99 m3 10 773 Kg 178 045 KgCO2e Masonry 670 m3 1 522 723 Kg 365 453 KgCO2e Concrete 1172.03 m3 2 814 012 Kg 365 672 KgCO2e Rebar 52 m3 368 015 Kg 1 063 572 KgCO2e Glass 3.19 m3 7980 Kg 9751 KgCO2e Operational Carbon / year 316 229 KgCO2e 90.37 KgCO2e/ m2 81 kWh/ m2/ year + ? Carbon from Transportation and Disposal Total Carbon from Demolition 126 702 KgCO2e Carbon from Demolition of Building 1 814 925 KgCO2e 1 941 627 KgCO2e 422.64 KgCO2e/ m2 + Assumption: Building 100% Commercial Commercial: Assumption of Offices, F&B and Retail, with 60 units of Air conditioning (10h daily), 40 units of fans (10h daily), 120 units of lighting 10h daily) 10 computers (8h weekdays), and 1 printer (24h daily) WEEK 06 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - Proposed Site 02 to be Demolished Embodied Carbon Calculation WEEK 06 INTERIM YAP KAI JUN ASTON 33

WEEK 06 :Commercial :Residential :Public Use :School :Religious :Office 145 Nguyen Trai - Program Site Axonometric 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m PHUA JUE HUA PEARL 34

7am 9am 11am 1pm 3pm 5pm 145 Nguyen Trai - Shadow Site Axonometric 23 September (Equinox) | 0700 0900 1100 1300 1500 1700 WEEK 06 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 0700 - 1100 Shadow Outline 1300 - 1700 Shadow Outline WEEK 06 INTERIM YAP KAI JUN ASTON 35

WEEK 06 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - Solar Insolation Site Axonometric Facade, September Average Solar Insolation 5 kWh/m² 4.2 4.4 4.6 BU YI FAN 36

WEEK 06 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - Solar Insolation Site Axonometric Roof, September Average Solar Insolation 5 kWh/m² 4.2 4.4 4.6 WEEK 06 INTERIM BU YI FAN 37

WEEK 06 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - Wind Site Axonometric Average Wind Speed * Most frequent Wind direction 11 m/s 0m/s 11 m/s 0m/s May - Sept Oct - Apr 2.063.09 Average Wind Speed Most frequent Wind Speed 2.06 5.16 BU YI FAN 38

WEEK 06 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - Wind Site Axonometric Maximum Wind Speed * Most frequent Wind direction 11 m/s 0m/s 11 m/s 0m/s May - Sept Oct - Apr Highest Wind Speed Average Max Speed 8.239.26 June - Aug Monsoon: May Sept, Oct - Apr Wind data reflects non typhoon periods. Highest Typhoon Wind Speed: 68 m/s WEEK 06 INTERIM BU YI FAN 39

WEEK 06 71 dB 70.5 dB 70 dB 69 dB 69 dB 68 dB 68 dB 67 dB 70 dB 68 dB 66 dB 64 dB 67 dB 70.5 dB 70 dB 69 dB 68 dB 67 dB 69 dB 68 dB 67 dB 65 dB 63 dB 60 dB 65 dB 63 dB 60 dB 65 dB 63 dB 60 dB 65 dB 63dB 60 dB 71 dB 71.5 dB 71.5 dB 72 dB 72 dB 70.5 dB 70 dB 70 dB 69 dB 69 dB 68 dB 68 dB 67 dB 67 dB 69 dB 69 dB 68 dB 68 dB 6dB 67 dB 69 dB 69 dB 68 dB 67 dB 68 dB 67 dB 145 Nguyen Trai - Acoustics Site Axonometric 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m PHUA JUE HUA PEARL 40

50 veh/30 sec 30 veh/30sec 35 veh/30 sec 21 veh/30 sec 30veh/30sec15veh/30sec Typical traffic flow, per lane Peak traffic flow, per lane Traffic frequency of vehicles in 30 sec intervals WEEK 06 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - traffic Site Axonometric WEEK 06 INTERIM DENG HANYUE 41

JulSeptoOct285mm MaytoAug269.5m toJun226mm JulSeptoOct285mm MaytoAug269.5m toJun226mm 285mmOcttoSep269.5mAugtoJul226mmJuntoMay JulSeptoOct285mm toAug269.5mMaytoJun226mm Sep to Oct 285mm Jul to Aug 269.5m May to Jun 226mm Sep to Oct 285mm Jul to Aug 269.5m May to Jun 226mm To Doi Channel ToDoi Channel ToDoiChannel WEEK 06 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m 145 Nguyen Trai - Rain & Drainage Site Axonometric May to Oct Summer Monsoon (SW SE) 3-11km/h 11-24km/h 24-35km/h Average speed: 11.2km/h Average precipitation in May & Jun: 226mm Average precipitation in Jul & Aug: 269.5mm Average precipitation in Sep & Oct: 285mm 0m 1:200 5m10m 20m SW SE Monsoon Drainage System Accumulated rain (May to Oct) Flow Direction Rain Direction DENG HANYUE 42

WEEK 06 INTERIM 43

ADAPTIVE REUSE & NEW BUILD PROJECTS

SITE B: NGUYEN TRAI BUILDING

1 Pearl, Aston 2 Yi Fan, Hanyue

SITE B: NGUYEN TRAI BUILDING

145 D. Nguyen Trãi, Phuong Pham Ngu Lão Quan 1, Thành pho Ho Chí Minh, Vietnam

WEEK 06 NGUYEN TRÃI BUILDING - EXISTING BUILDING 145 D. Nguyen Trãi, Phuong Pham Ngu Lão Quan 1, Thành pho Ho Chí Minh, Vietnam, 10° 46 7 N 106° 41 23 E EXISTING SITE MODEL 48

WEEK 06 NGUYEN TRÃI BUILDING - EXISTING BUILDING 145 D. Nguyen Trãi, Phuong Pham Ngu Lão Quan 1, Thành pho Ho Chí Minh, Vietnam, 10° 46 7 N 106° 41 23 E WEEK 06 INTERIM 49

WEEK 06 NGUYEN TRÃI BUILDING - PROPOSED MASSING 145 D. Nguyen Trãi, Phuong Pham Ngu Lão Quan 1, Thành pho Ho Chí Minh, Vietnam, 10° 46 7 N 106° 41 23 E PROPOSED MASSING - PHUA JUE HUA PEARL, YAP KAI JUN ASTON 50

WEEK 06 INTERIM | PEARL, ASTON WEEK 06 NGUYEN TRÃI BUILDING - PROPOSED MASSING 145 D. Nguyen Trãi, Phuong Pham Ngu Lão Quan 1, Thành pho Ho Chí Minh, Vietnam, 10° 46 7 N 106° 41 23 E 51

WEEK 06 NGUYEN TRÃI BUILDING - PROPOSED MASSING 145 D. Nguyen Trãi, Phuong Pham Ngu Lão Quan 1, Thành pho Ho Chí Minh, Vietnam, 10° 46 7 N 106° 41 23 E PROPOSED MASSING - BU YI FAN, DENG HANYUE 52

WEEK 06 INTERIM | YI FAN, HANYUE WEEK 06 145 D. Nguyen Trãi, Phuong Pham Ngu Lão Quan 1, Thành pho Ho Chí Minh, Vietnam, 10° 46 7 N 106° 41 23 E NGUYEN TRÃI BUILDING - PROPOSED MASSING 53

ALTERNATIVE LOW/ZERO CARBON MATERIALS RESEARCH

Structural

Envelope

Mass Engineered Timer 2 Green Concrete 3 Hempcrete 4 Rice Straw Board 1 Rammed Earth Rock + Reused Rock

2 K-Briq 3 Compressed Earth Blocks 4 Transparent Timber

CARBON & CAPITAL

EMBODIED CARBON - MATERIAL

Plugs 1 34 3 752 3712810.58 Mini Fridge 0.1 1 24 24 52 2995.20.85 Printer 0.04 2 5552 1040.03 Landline 0.003 15152 0.780.00 Computer 0.05 10 8 552 10400.30 Water Cooler 0.031 2 8 552 128.962714.95 Swimming Pool 0.9 1 24 7 52 7862.42.24 Gym (everything included) 14.2 1 24 7 52 124051.235.34 Hot tub 5 1 8 752 145604.15 963649.81 274.54 0.85 819102.34 Projected Grid Decarbonisation Rate annually % 1.00 Reduced Emissions 878188.58 Total OP Carbon over 7 years 4855527.81 Total OP Carbon over 7 years (no decarbonisatio n) 5733716.381 GFA NEW (m2) 3 3510 00 Materials Volume (m³) Density (kg/m³)Mass (kg) Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg) Carbon (kgCO2eq) Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2) Concrete 1 1327 00 2400.003184800.000.13414024.00117.96 Rebar (4%) 53.08 7850.00416678.002.891204199.42343.08 Bricks 6 674 00 1650.001112100.000.24266904.0076.04 Steel 2 19 7850.0017199.353.9167249.4619.16 Aluminum 0 00 2700.000.0016.5310.000.00 Glass 9 14 2500.0022850.001.2227877.007.94 Timber 4 61 620.002858.200.531514.850.43 kgCO2eq kgCO2eq /m2 1981778.72564.61 DECCARBONISATION OF GRID

YEARS Energy Use Index (EUI) G.E.F OP.Carbon kgCO2e Total Energy consumed annually (kwh) ROOMS OFFICE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION AMENITIE S EMBODIED CARBON CARBON FOR NEW BUILDING (A1-A3) Total Embodied Carbon of Building 62

OVER 7

OPERATIONAL CARBON - HOTEL

3510.00 Keys 60 Room Size 17 Energy per unit/kwHNo. of unitsHours per day Days used per week Weeks used per year Yearly Energy Consumption /m2 Air Conditioning 1.2 60 8 752 20966459.73 Fan 0.048 50 5752 4322.51.23 Heating (Boilers) 37 3 6752 24242469.07 Lighting (Incandescent) 0.06 200 10 7 52 4368012.44 Lighting (LED) 0.008 0 0 0 0 00.00 Refridgeration 0.17 1 24 7 52 1485.120.42 Microwave 0.8 1 1 0.4 1 0.320.00 Any other appliances Industrial Washing Machine 4.75 15 10 6 52 22230063.33 Dryer 15 4 3 552 4680013.33 Elevators IN USE 0.83 2 2 7 52 1208.480.34 Elevators IDLE 0.21 2 22 752 3363.360.96 Hair Dryer 1.2 11752 436.80.12 Television 0.1 1 3 652 93.60.03 Landline 0.003 17152 1.0920.00 Plugs 1 34 3 752 3712810.58 Mini Fridge 0.1 1 24 24 52 2995.20.85 Printer 0.04 2 5552 1040.03 Landline 0.003 15152 0.780.00 Computer 0.05 10 8 552 10400.30 Water Cooler 0.031 2 8 552 128.962714.95 Swimming Pool 0.9 1 24 7 52 7862.42.24 Gym (everything included) 14.2 1 24 7 52 124051.235.34 Hot tub 5 1 8 752 145604.15 963649.81 274.54 0.85 819102.34 Projected Grid Decarbonisation Rate annually % 1.00 Reduced Emissions 878188.58 Total OP Carbon over 7 years 4855527.81 Total OP Carbon over 7 years (no decarbonisatio n) 5733716.381 GFA NEW (m2) 3510 00 Materials Volume (m³) Density (kg/m³)Mass (kg) Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg) Carbon (kgCO2eq) Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2) Concrete 13327 00 2400.003184800.000.13414024.00117.96 Rebar (4%) 53.08 7850.00416678.002.891204199.42343.08 DECARBONISATION OF GRID OVER 7 YEARS Energy Use Index (EUI) G.E.F OP.Carbon kgCO2e Total Energy consumed annually (kwh) ROOMS OFFICE HVAC GFA Usable space(m2) T TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR A HOTEL: OPERATIONAL CARBON COMPONENTS Components AMENITIE S KITCHEN LAUNDR Y LIGHT EMBODIED CARBON CARBON FOR NEW BUILDING (A1-A3) WEEK 06 INTERIM | CARBON

FOR A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING:

OPERATIONAL CARBON - RESIDENTIAL

FOR NEW-BUILD SECTION GFA of destroyed (m2)

FOR DEMOLISHING BUILDING (MATERIALS)

OPERATIONAL CARBON 3510.00 Units 20.00 Floors # 5 Energy per unit/kwHNo. of units ours used per daDays used per week Weeks used per year Yearly Energy Consumption Air Conditioning 1.2 20 10 7 52 87360 Fan 0.048 40 10 7 52 6988.8 Heating 1.125 20 10 4 10 9000 Water Heating 1.25 20 0.5 752 4550 Lighting 0.008 120 10 7 52 3494.4 Refridgerators 0.17 124752 1456 Laundry 0.9 1 3 3 52 421.2 Corridor Lighting 0.56 30 7 7 52 42806.4 Elevators (USE) 0.83 2 1752 604.24 Elevators (IDLE) 0.21 2 23 7 52 3516.24 160197.28 45.64 0.85 136167.69 Projected Grid Decarbonisation Rate annually % 1.00 Reduced Emissions 145990.19 Total OP Carbon over 7 years 807183.62 Total OP Carbon over 7 years (no decarbonisation) 953173.82 DEMOLITION CARBON 3510.00 New GFA 10000.00 Volume (m³)Density (kg/m³)Mass (kg) Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg) Carbon (kgCO2eq) Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2) 1327.00 2400.003184800.000.13414024.00 117.96 53.087850.00416678.002.891204199.42343.08 Energy Use Index (EUI) G.E.F OP.Carbon kgCO2e D DECARBONISATION OF GRID OVER 7 YEARS TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION Total Energy consumed annually (kwh)

OPERATIONAL CARBON COMPONENETS (EXTERIOR)

GFA (m2)

OPERATIONAL

Components HVAC Materials DISPOSED Concrete Rebar (4%)

CARBON COMPONENTS (INTERIOR)

CARBON

OF GRID OVER 7 YEARS

OPERATIONAL CARBON - OFFICE

FOR ADAPTIVELY REUSED SECTION

GFA of Building to be rennovated (BEFORE) GFA of destroyed (m2)

CARBON FOR PARTIAL DEMOLISHING BUILDING (MATERIALS)

5 3510.00 Units 20.00 Floors # 5 Energy per unit/kwHNo. of unitsurs used per d Days used per week Weeks used per year Yearly Energy Consumption /kwH 87360 Air Conditioning 1.2 20 10 7 52 87360 6988.8 Fan 0.048 40 10 7 52 6988.8 9000 Heating 1.125 20 10 4 10 9000 4550 Lighting 0.008 120 10 7 52 3494.4 3494.4 Computers 0.05 10 8 552 1040 1456 Printers 0.17 124752 1456 421.2 Energy per unit/kwHNo. of unitsurs used per d Days used per week Weeks used per year Yearly Energy Consumption /kwH 42806.4 Air Conditioning 1.2 20 10 7 52 87360 604.24 3516.24 Energy per unit/kwHNo. of unitsurs used per d Days used per week Weeks used per year Yearly Energy Consumption /kwH Air Conditioning 1.2 20 10 7 52 87360 284059.20 80.93 0.85 241450.32 Projected Grid Decarbonisation Rate annually % 1.00 Reduced Emissions 258867.42 Total OP Carbon over 7 years 1431284.82 Total OP Carbon over 7 years (no decarbonisation ) 1690152.24 OLITION CARBON 3710 00 3510 1000 00 Repl GFA 1200 00 Volume (m³)Density (kg/m³)Mass (kg) Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg) Carbon (kgCO2eq) Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2) 117.96 123.00 2400.00295200.000.1338376.00 38.38 53.087850.00416678.002.891204199.42343.08 4.927850.0038622.002.89111617.58 111.62

Energy

G.E.F OP.Carbon

C Components Components Total Energy

Applia OPERATIONAL CARBON

OPERATIONAL CARBON

TOTAL

GFA (m2) O OPERATIONAL

Components HVAC

DECARBONISATION

Use Index (EUI)

kgCO2e

consumed annually (kwh)

COMPONENTS (F&B)

COMPONENTS (RETAIL)

ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR AN OFFICE:

CARBON COMPONENTS (OFFICE)

New GFA of Rennovaed building

Materials

Concrete Rebar (4%)

DISPOSED

WEEK 06 INTERIM | CARBON 65

DEMOLITION CARBON - NEW BUILD

0.85 136167.69 Projected Grid Decarbonisation Rate annually % 1.00 Reduced Emissions 145990.19 Total OP Carbon over 7 years 807183.62 Total OP Carbon over 7 years (no decarbonisation) 953173.82 DEMOLITION CARBON 3510.00 New GFA 10000.00 Volume (m³)Density (kg/m³)Mass (kg) Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg) Carbon (kgCO2eq) Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2) 1327.00 2400.003184800.000.13414024.00 117.96 53.087850.00416678.002.891204199.42343.08 674.00 1650.001112100.000.24266904.00 76.04 2.19 7850.0017199.353.9167249.46 19.16 0.00 2700.00 0.0016.5310.00 0.00 9.14 2500.0022850.001.2227877.00 7.94 4.61 620.002858.200.531514.85 0.43 Carbon Emission kgCO2e/m2 Carbon Emission for Demo building Waste Transport 16.76 58827.60 Waste Disposal 10.8237978.20 Volume (m³)Density (kg/m³)Mass (kg) Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg) Carbon (kgCO2eq) Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2) 3500.00 2400.008400000.000.131092000.00 109.20 140.007850.001099000.002.893176110.00 317.61 4230.00 1650.006979500.000.241675080.00 167.51 10.00 7850.0078500.003.91306935.00 30.69 12.00 2700.0032400.0016.5310.00 0.00 40.00 2500.00100000.001.22122000.00 12.20 15.00 620.009300.000.534929.00 0.49 kgCO2eq kgCO2eq/m2 6377064.00637.71 2078584.52592.19 8455648.521229.90 G.E.F OP.Carbon kgCO2e DECCARBONISATION OF GRID OVER 7 YEARS TOTALS Type of Carbon Embodied carbon of REPLACEMENT Carbon Emission from Demolition Carbon for New Demolition Construction M Materials DISPOSED Concrete Rebar (4%) Bricks Timber E ENERGY USED TO DEMOLISH BUILDING T r a n s p o r EMBODIED CARBON OF REPLACEMENT (If any) - Whole Structure Materials of New build Concrete Rebar (4%) Bricks Steel Aluminum Glass Timber F FOR NEW-BUILD SECTION GFA of destroyed (m2) C CARBON FOR DEMOLISHING BUILDING (MATERIALS) Steel Aluminum Glass

DECARBONISATION OF GRID OVER 7 YEARS

New GFA of Rennovaed building

FOR ADAPTIVELY REUSED SECTION CARBON FOR PARTIAL DEMOLISHING BUILDING (MATERIALS)

GFA of Building to be rennovated (BEFORE)

GFA of destroyed (m2)

TO PARTIALLY DEMOLISH BUILDING

CARBON OF REPLACEMENT (If any) - Partial Structure

USED to replace

DEMOLITION CARBON - ADAPTIVE REUSE

0.85 241450.32 Projected Grid Decarbonisation Rate annually % 1.00 Reduced Emissions 258867.42 Total OP Carbon over 7 years 1431284.82 Total OP Carbon over 7 years (no decarbonisation ) 1690152.24 EMOLITION CARBON 3710 00 3510 1 1000 00 Repl GFA 1 1200 00 m2 (kgCO2eq/m2) Volume (m³)Density (kg/m³)Mass (kg) Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg) Carbon (kgCO2eq) Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2) 117.96 123.00 2400.00295200.000.1338376.00 38.38 53.087850.00416678.002.891204199.42343.08 4.927850.0038622.002.89111617.58 111.62 76.04 90.00 1650.00148500.000.2435640.00 35.64 19.16 0.40 7850.003140.003.9112277.40 12.28 0.00 0.00 2700.000.0016.5310.00 0.01 7.94 0.40 2500.001000.001.221220.00 1.22 0.43 2.00 620.001240.000.53657.20 0.66 Carbon Emission kgCO2e/m2 Carbon Emission for Demo building Excavator 16.76 16760.00 Transport to Landf 10.8210820.00 m2 (kgCO2eq/m2) Volume (m³)Density (kg/m³)Mass (kg) Embodied Carbon Factor (kgCO2eq/kg) Carbon (kgCO2eq) Carbon per m2 (kgCO2eq/m2) 109.20 143.00 2400.00343200.000.1344616.00 37.18 317.61 14.307850.00112255.002.89324416.95270.35 167.51 90.00 1650.00148500.000.2435640.00 29.70 30.69 0.40 7850.003140.003.9112277.40 10.23 0.00 0.00 2700.000.0016.5310.00 0.01 12.20 0.40 2500.001000.001.221220.00 1.02 0.49 2.00 620.001240.000.53657.20 0.55 kgCO2eqkgCO2eq/m2 418837.55349.03 227378.18227.38 646215.73174.18

G.E.F OP.Carbon kgCO2e

Type of Carbon Embodied carbon of REPLACEMENT Carbon Emission from Partial Demolition Carbon for Adaptive Reuse T TOTALS Aluminum Glass Timber E ENERGY USED

T r a n s Items Used Bricks Steel Steel

Materials DISPOSED Concrete Rebar (4%)

Aluminum Glass Timber

Materials

Concrete Rebar (10%) Bricks

E EMBODIED

WEEK 06 INTERIM | CARBON

CAPITAL - COST PARAMETERS

Prevailing exchange rate 17,798 ₫ = S$1 Prevailing inflation rate 2.43% p.a. Lending interest rate 6.60% p.a. Loan limit 80% of total expenditure Loan duration 10 years Break-even target 10 years Land plot area 1,800 sq.m Gross floor area, existing 3,500 sq.m Plot ratio, proposed 6.0 Gross floor area, proposed 10,800 sq.m Proposed additional floor area 7,300 sq.m Efficiency, proposed 80 % Net floor area, proposed 8,640 sq.m Land value 439,000,000 ₫ /sq.m Asset value, indicative 43,000,000 ₫ /sq.m Energy cost 1,920 ₫ /kWh LAND ACQUISITION COOST Item Rate, % Land cost Asset cost per sq.m whole plot per sq.m whole area Land value $24,665.69 $44,398,246.99 $2,416.00 $8,456,006.29 Land acquisition legal fees 5% $1,233.28 $2,219,912.35 $120.80 $422,800.31 Land acquisition title and recording fees 5% $1,233.28 $2,219,912.35 $120.80 $422,800.31 Land acquisition consultancy fees $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Brokerage fees 3.00% $739.97 $1,331,947.41 $72.48 $253,680.19 Subtotal, pre-VAT, per category $50,170,019.10 $9,555,287.11 VAT 10% $5,017,001.91 $955,528.71 Subtotal, per category $55,187,021.01 $10,510,815.82 Total value of land + assets $65,697,836.84 FOR A HOTEL: Key intensity 58% of net floor area Public space intensity 15% of net floor area MICE facility intensity 15% of net floor area Back-of-house space intensity 12% of net floor area Key size, gross 18 sq. m Key rate 2,000,000 ₫ /night $112.37 in SGD Occupancy rate 78% Public space RevPAM 10,000,000 ₫ /sq. m p.a. $561.86 in SGD MICE facility RevPAM 15,000,000 ₫ /sq. m p.a. $842.79 in SGD PROJECCTED OPERATIONAL PROFIT PER ANNUM Item Keys Public spaces MICE facilities Rate No. of keys 278 Total area, sq. m 5,011 1,296 1,296 Gross revenue, per sq. m $1,777.35 $561.86 $842.79 Gross revenue, per category $8,906,672.66 $728,171.70 $1,092,257.56 VAT $890,667.27 $72,817.17 $109,225.76 10%

FOR AN OFFICE BUILDING:

CAPITAL - PROJECT DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE

ARCHI + FAÇADE + ENGINEERING ITEMS Item Rate, % Rate, fixed Rate, /sq.m Area Cost for GFA others if not GFA New works $1,100.00 7,300 $8,030,000.00 A&A works $300.00 3,500 $1,050,000.00 Contingency 10% $908,000.00 Construction subtotal $9,988,000.00 CONSULTANCY FEES Item Rate, % Rate, fixed Rate, /sq.m Area Cost GFA specified if not GFA Architect's fees 2.00% $199,760.00 Interior designers' fees 9.00% $898,920.00 Lighting consultants' fees 1.50% $149,820.00 Other misc. architectural consultant fees 2.00% $199,760.00 Project management fees 2.00% $199,760.00 C&S engineers' fees 1.50% $149,820.00 M&E engineers' fees 1.50% $149,820.00 Quantity surveyor fees 1.00% $99,880.00 Land survey fees $25,000.00 $25,000.00 Accredited checker fees 1.00% $99,880.00 Registered inspector fees $25,000.00 $25,000.00 Owner representative fees 1.50% $149,820.00 23.00% $50,000.00 Consultancy fee subtotal $2,347,240.00 OPERATIONAL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES Item Rate, % Rate, fixed Rate, /sq.m GFA Area Cost GFA specified if not GFA OES items, estimate 5.00% $499,400.00 Launch cost items, estimate 5.00% $499,400.00 OES subtotal $998,800.00 Total of all items + fees + OES $13,334,040.00

Office intensity 100% of net floor area Office rental rate 920,000 ₫ /sq. m p.m. $51.69 in SGD Projected occupancy, typical 94% of office space PROJECTED OPERATIONAL PROFIT PER ANNUM Item Office space Rate Total lettable office space, sq. m 8,640 Total lettable facility area, sq. m Gross revenue, per sq. m $583.08 Gross revenue, per category $5,037,783.12 VAT $503,778.31 10% Net revenue, per category $4,534,004.81 Total net revenue $4,534,004.81 Total operational costs 20% of revenue $906,800.96

WEEK 06 INTERIM | CAPITAL 69

CAPITAL - FINANCING

FINANCING Capital required to acquire land + assets $65,697,836.84 Capital required for PDE $13,334,040.00 Total required capital $79,031,876.84 Capital required upfront $15,806,375.37 Capital to be loaned $63,225,501.47 Total interest $56,576,570.58 Total payable to lender, after interest $119,802,072.05 Total expenditure $135,608,447.42

BUILDING: Selling price 180,000,000 ₫ /sq. m $10,113.50 /sq. m p.m. PROJECCTED OPERATIONAL PROFIT PER ANNUM Item Units Rate Gross revenue per category $87,380,604.56 VAT and levies $8,738,060.46 10% Net revenue per category $78,642,544.11 Total net revenue $78,642,544.11 Total cost $0.00 Total profit $78,642,544.11

FOR A RESIDENTIAL

CAPITAL - HOTEL DEVELOPMENT

WEEK 06 INTERIM | CAPITAL per sq.m whole plot per sq.m Land value $24,665.69 $44,398,246.99 $2,416.00 $8,456,006.29 Land acquisition legal fees 5% $1,233.28 $2,219,912.35 $120.80 Land acquisition title and recording fees 5% $1,233.28 $2,219,912.35 $120.80 Land acquisition consultancy fees $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Brokerage fees 3.00% $739.97 $1,331,947.41 $72.48 Subtotal, pre-VAT, per category $50,170,019.10 VAT 10% $5,017,001.91 Subtotal, per category $55,187,021.01 $10,510,815.82 Total value of land + assets $65,697,836.84 FOR A HOTEL: Key intensity 58% of net floor area Public space intensity 15% of net floor area MICE facility intensity 15% of net floor area Back-of-house space intensity 12% of net floor area Key size, gross 18 sq. m Key rate 2,000,000 ₫ /night $112.37 in SGD Occupancy rate 78% Public space RevPAM 10,000,000 ₫ /sq. m p.a. $561.86 in SGD MICE facility RevPAM 15,000,000 ₫ /sq. m p.a. $842.79 in SGD PROJECCTED OPERATIONAL PROFIT PER ANNUM Item Keys Public spaces MICE facilities Rate No. of keys 278 Total area, sq. m 5,011 1,296 1,296 Gross revenue, per sq. m $1,777.35 $561.86 $842.79 Gross revenue, per category $8,906,672.66 $728,171.70 $1,092,257.56 VAT $890,667.27 $72,817.17 $109,225.76 10% Net revenue, per category $8,016,005.39 $655,354.53 $983,031.80 Total net revenue $9,654,391.73 Total operational costs 60% of revenue $5,792,635.04 Total profit $3,861,756.69 ASSET VALUE As-built asset value, open market $26,092,819.42 PROJECCTED TOTAL PROFIT OVER 10 YEARS Operational profit $38,617,566.92 Total initial required capital $79,031,876.84 Total profit, asset value inclusive -$14,321,490.50 Return on invested capital -18.12% Cap rate, p.a. 4.89% value $24,665.69 $44,398,246.99 $2,416.00 $8,456,006.29 acquisition legal fees 5% $1,233.28 $2,219,912.35 $120.80 $422,800.31 acquisition title and recording fees 5% $1,233.28 $2,219,912.35 $120.80 $422,800.31 acquisition consultancy fees $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Brokerage fees 3.00% $739.97 $1,331,947.41 $72.48 $253,680.19 Subtotal, pre-VAT, per category $50,170,019.10 $9,555,287.11 10% $5,017,001.91 $955,528.71 Subtotal, per category $55,187,021.01 $10,510,815.82 value of land + assets $65,697,836.84

intensity 58% of net floor area space intensity 15% of net floor area facility intensity 15% of net floor area Back-of-house space intensity 12% of net floor area size, gross 18 sq. m rate 2,000,000 ₫ /night $112.37 in SGD Occupancy rate 78% space RevPAM 10,000,000 ₫ /sq. m p.a. $561.86 in SGD facility RevPAM 15,000,000 ₫ /sq. m p.a. $842.79 in SGD C CTED OPERATIONAL PROFIT PER ANNUM Keys Public spaces MICE facilities Rate keys 278 area, sq. m 5,011 1,296 1,296 revenue, per sq. m $1,777.35 $561.86 $842.79 revenue, per category $8,906,672.66 $728,171.70 $1,092,257.56 $890,667.27 $72,817.17 $109,225.76 10% revenue, per category $8,016,005.39 $655,354.53 $983,031.80 net revenue $9,654,391.73 operational costs 60% of revenue $5,792,635.04 profit $3,861,756.69 VALUUE As-built asset value, open market $26,092,819.42 C CTED TOTAL PROFIT OVER 10 YEARS Operational profit $38,617,566.92 initial required capital $79,031,876.84 profit, asset value inclusive -$14,321,490.50 on invested capital -18.12% rate, p.a. 4.89%

FOR A HOTEL:

CAPITAL - OFFICE DEVELOPMENT

area 23.00% $50,000.00 $8,456,006.29 $422,800.31 Consultancy fee subtotal $422,800.31 $0.00 OPERATIONAL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES $253,680.19 Item Rate, % Rate, fixed Rate, /sq.m GFA Area GFA specified if not OES items, estimate 5.00% $9,555,287.11 Launch cost items, estimate 5.00% $955,528.71 $10,510,815.82 OES subtotal $65,697,836.84 Total of all items + fees + OES

AN OFFICE BUILDING: Office intensity 100% of net floor area Office rental rate 920,000 ₫ /sq. m p.m. $51.69 in SGD Projected occupancy, typical 94% of office space PROJECTED OPERATIONAL PROFIT PER ANNUM Item Office space Rate Total lettable office space, sq. m 8,640 Total lettable facility area, sq. m Gross revenue, per sq. m $583.08 Gross revenue, per category $5,037,783.12 VAT $503,778.31 10% Net revenue, per category $4,534,004.81 Total net revenue $4,534,004.81 Total operational costs 20% of revenue $906,800.96 Total profit $3,627,203.85 ASSET VALUE As-built asset value, open market $26,092,819.42 PROJECTED TOTAL PROFIT OVER 10 YEARS Operational profit $36,272,038.48 Total initial required capital $79,031,876.84 Total profit, asset value inclusive -$16,667,018.94 Return on invested capital -21.09% Cap rate, p.a. 4.59% 23.00% $50,000.00 Consultancy fee subtotal $2,347,240.00 OPERATIONAL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES Item Rate, % Rate, fixed Rate, /sq.m GFA Area Cost GFA specified if not GFA OES items, estimate 5.00% $499,400.00 Launch cost items, estimate 5.00% $499,400.00 OES subtotal $998,800.00 Total of all items + fees + OES $13,334,040.00

Office intensity 100% of net floor area Office rental rate 920,000 ₫ /sq. m p.m. $51.69 in SGD Projected occupancy, typical 94% of office space PROJECCTED OPERATIONAL PROFIT PER ANNUM Item Office space Rate Total lettable office space, sq. m 8,640 Total lettable facility area, sq. m Gross revenue, per sq. m $583.08 Gross revenue, per category $5,037,783.12 VAT $503,778.31 10% Net revenue, per category $4,534,004.81 Total net revenue $4,534,004.81 Total operational costs 20% of revenue $906,800.96 Total profit $3,627,203.85 ASSET VALUE As-built asset value, open market $26,092,819.42 PROJECCTED TOTAL PROFIT OVER 10 YEARS Operational profit $36,272,038.48 Total initial required capital $79,031,876.84 Total profit, asset value inclusive -$16,667,018.94 Return on invested capital -21.09% Cap rate, p.a. 4.59%

FOR

FOR AN OFFICE BUILDING:

CAPITAL - RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

WEEK 06 INTERIM | CAPITAL FIINANCING $2,347,240.00 Capital required to acquire land + assets $65,697,836.84 Capital required for PDE $13,334,040.00 Total required capital $79,031,876.84 Capital required upfront $15,806,375.37 $499,400.00 Capital to be loaned $63,225,501.47 $499,400.00 Total interest $56,576,570.58 $998,800.00 Total payable to lender, after interest $119,802,072.05 $13,334,040.00 Total expenditure $135,608,447.42 FOR A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING: Selling price 180,000,000 ₫ /sq. m $10,113.50 /sq. m p.m. PROJECTED OPERATIONAL PROFIT PER ANNUM Item Units Rate Gross revenue per category $87,380,604.56 VAT and levies $8,738,060.46 10% Net revenue per category $78,642,544.11 Total net revenue $78,642,544.11 Total cost $0.00 Total profit $78,642,544.11 PROJECTED TOTAL PROFIT OVER 10 YEARS Operational profit $78,642,544.11 Total initial required capital $79,031,876.84 Total profit -$389,332.73 Return on invested capital -0.49% FINANCING $2,347,240.00 Capital required to acquire land + assets $65,697,836.84 Capital required for PDE $13,334,040.00 Total required capital $79,031,876.84 Capital required upfront $15,806,375.37 $499,400.00 Capital to be loaned $63,225,501.47 $499,400.00 Total interest $56,576,570.58 $998,800.00 Total payable to lender, after interest $119,802,072.05 $13,334,040.00 Total expenditure $135,608,447.42 FOR A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING: Selling price 180,000,000 ₫ /sq. m $10,113.50 /sq. m p.m. PROJECCTED OPERATIONAL PROFIT PER ANNUM Item Units Rate Gross revenue per category $87,380,604.56 VAT and levies $8,738,060.46 10% Net revenue per category $78,642,544.11 Total net revenue $78,642,544.11 Total cost $0.00 Total profit $78,642,544.11 PROJECCTED TOTAL PROFIT OVER 10 YEARS Operational profit $78,642,544.11 Total initial required capital $79,031,876.84 Total profit -$389,332.73 Return on invested capital -0.49%

Architecture and the Planetary Imaginary James Graham Editor Caitlin Blanchfield Managing Editor Alissa Anderson Jordan H. Carver Jacob Moore Contributing Editors The Avery Review www.averyreview.com Columbia Books on Architecture and the City Lars Müller Publishers

Climates:

REFERENCES

Why we disagree about climate change

Professor Mike Hulme argues that climate change is not a technical issue but a challenge to reinterpret relationships

enon that can be observed, quantified and measured. These two ways of seeing climate change are very different. We have slowly, and at certain times and in some places reluctantly, realised that humanity has become an active agent in the reshaping of physical climates around the world. As we have done so our cultural, social, political and ethical practices are reinterpreting precisely what climate change means. Far from simply being a change in physical climates – a change in the sequences of weather experienced in given places – climate change has become an idea that now travels well beyond its origins in the natural sciences. And as this idea meets new cultures on its travels and encounters the worlds of politics, economics, popular culture, commerce, international diplomacy and religion – often through the interposing role of the media – climate change takes on new meanings and serves new purposes. Through my 25 years of work as a professional climate change researcher, university educator and public commentator, have become fascinated with what has happened to this idea of climate change. I have wondered why climate change has become “the mother of all issues”, the key narrative within which all environmental politics – from global to local – is now framed.

In the 12 years since the Kyoto Protocol was signed, global emissions of greenhouse gases have accelerated rather than reduced.

I have also wondered why controlling climate change – limiting our emissions of greenhouse gases – seemingly remains just beyond our reach. For example, in the 12 years since the Kyoto Protocol was signed, global emissions of greenhouse gases have accelerated rather than reduced.

I have examined these questions using the concepts, tools and languages of the sciences, social sciences and humanities and the discourses and practices of economics, politics and religion. From these different vantage points it becomes possible to see that the idea of climate change carries quite different meanings and seems to imply quite different courses of action depending on whom one is and where one lives. Science may be solving the mysteries of climate, but it is not helping us discover the meaning of climate change. Indeed, climate change means so many different things to different people. These meanings cannot be read from the pages of the scientific assessments made by the IPCC, nor can they be extracted from the results of the computer models that simulate global climate and tentatively predict its future path.

Revelatory conversations

Our discordant conversations about climate change reveal at a deeper level all that makes for diversity, creativity and conflict within the human story – our various different attitudes to risk, technology and well-being; our different ethical, ideological and political beliefs; our different interpretations of the past and our competing visions of the future. If we are to understand climate change and use it constructively in our politics, we must first hear and understand these discordant voices, these multifarious human beliefs, values, attitudes, aspirations and behaviours. To illustrate what I mean, let me cite four contemporary and contrasting ways of narrating the significance of climate change,

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41 Climate change is not “a problem” waiting for “a solution”. It is an environmental, cultural and political phenomenon that is reshaping the way we think about ourselves, about our societies and about humanity’s place on Earth. My new book, Why We Disagree About Climate Change dissects this idea of climate change – where it came from, what it means to different people in different places and why we disagree about it. It also develops a different way of approaching the idea of climate change and of working with it. This essay offers a synopsis of my arguments. Just as the transformation of the world’s physical climates is now inescapable, so too is engagement with the idea of climate change now unavoidable. It is an idea circulating anxiously in the worlds of domestic politics and international diplomacy. It is an idea circulating with mobilising force in the worlds of business, of law and of international trade. It is an idea circulating with potency in the worlds of knowledge and invention, of development and welfare, of religion and ethics and of public celebrity. And it is an idea circulating creatively in the worlds of art, of cinema, of literature, of music and of sport. A powerful scientific consensus The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has constructed and presented a powerful scientific consensus about the physical transformation occurring to the world’s climates. This is a reality in which I believe. But there is no comparable consensus – no single perspective or vantage point – that allows us to understand what this kaleidoscopic idea of climate change means for us and our descendants. Engaging with climate change takes us well beyond the physical transformations that are observed, modelled and predicted by natural scientists and assessed by the IPCC. We need new ways of looking at the phenomenon of climate change – an idea circulating and mutating through our social worlds – and new ways of making sense of the many different meanings attached to the idea of climate change. I deliberately present climate change as an idea to be debated, adapted and used, as much as I treat it as a physical phenom-

REFERENCES S A J _ 2016 _ 8 A COSMOPOLITAN MANUAL IN DECOLONIZING AFRICA – FRY&DREW’S TROPICAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE DRY AND HUMID ZONES original scientific article approval date 01 08 2016 UDK BROJEVI: 72.071.1 Фрај Е. М. 72.071.1 Дру Џ. 72(6) COBISS.SR-ID 230748172 A B S T R A C T Edwin Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew are best known for their role in the construction of Chandigarh alongside Le Corbusier, however their Indian experience was proceeded by a long career in West Africa that began during WWII and lasted until the end of the 50’s. Fry&Drew were active in Ghana and Nigeria constructing an impressive amount of buildings: schools, universities, houses, villages, office buildings and museums. Their on-site experience was conceptualized in the book Tropical Architecture in the Dry and Humid Zones published in its final version in 1964. This paper aims to analyze the manual as the attempt to establish a cosmopolitan and modern design system specific for the tropical areas. An experimental and scientific approach that saw in climatic data a tool in the creation of a new rootedness of modern architecture not based on cultural analysis or vernacular reinterpretation but on the complex analysis of local conditions in order to provide inhabitants with suitable design solutions. Tropical Architecture in the Dry and Humid Zones as a manifesto of a regionalist modernism, two apparently opposite terms that find a reconciliation in a design system that seeks to build a new cosmopolitan modernity. key words fry&drew tropical architecture ghana nigeria africa climatic design cosmopolitism Jacopo Galli Università Iuav di Venezia 193 76

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BU YI FAN DAI BINYANG DENG HANYUE PHUA JUE HUA PEARL TAN WEN XUAN CINDY KOO XIN YU AMY AMELIA BINTE AHMAD KEE YOKE CHOON YAP KAI JUN ASTON DESIGN STUDIO ERIK G L'HEUREUX AR5805, AY 2023/2024 SEMESTER 1 IMAGE: 36 TÔN THẤT ĐẠM, QUẬN 1, THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH, VIETNAM SDE 3 LEVEL 3 STUDIO DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE HOT AIR IV: CARBON & CAPITAL 19 SEPTEMBER GUESTS: INTERIM REVIEW CALEB SHEN 9AM - 10AM A CAPITAL REVIEW 11AM - 1PM A DESIGN REVIEW FEDERICO RUBERTO ONG CHAN HAO 79

HOT AIR IV AR5805 AY23/24 ERIK L’HEUREUX DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE COLLEGE OF DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENT