Women in Science

WOMEN IN SCIENCE

AITOR LÓPEZ MORAIS SERGIO LÓPEZ LESTAYO BRAIS LORENZO SOUTO 2º ESO B

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.

Introduction

3

2.

Women in sciences.

4-27

3.

Maps.

28-29

4.

Conclusion.

30

5.

Bibliography.

31-34

Introduction This project is about scientific woman through history. We did this work because women weren't recognised in sciences in history.

First we searched, in books and internet, for information about scientist women. Second we did an individual work about them. Third we looked for an anecdote and a quote by each scientist woman. Fourth we looked for maps with the nationality of them. Then we did groups of three. After that we selected the scientist women. Next we ordered them by their date of birth. Finally we will explain this project in front of the group.

Hypatia (Alexandria 345 a.d-415 a.d) She was a Greek astronomer, mathematician and philosopher.

Anecdote: She was the first scientist woman in the world who contribute in the field of mathematics.

Quote:“Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is better than not to think at all�.

Sophie Germain (France 1776-1831) She was a French mathematician.

Anecdote: She discovered the prime numbers.

Quote: “Algebra is nothing more than geometry and geometry is nothing more than abstract algebra�.

Mary Somerville(Scotland 1780-1872) She was a Scottish mathematician.

Anecdote: When she was a child, she was annoyed with her father because he wanted that she didn't study that she was educated to be a good wife; but she studied Mathematics at night because it was her passion.

Quote: “ I’m 92 years old and I read books of higher algebra for four or five hours in the morning”

Ada Lovelace (Great Britain 1815-1852) She was a British Mathematician.

Anecdote: She was the first feminine programmer Quote: ``That brain of mine is something more than merely mortal, as time will show.´´

Elizabeth Blackwell (UK 1821-1910) She was a British doctor.

Anecdote: She was the first woman to receive the title of doctor in medicine.

Quote: “It is not easy to be a pioneer - but oh, it is fascinating! I would not trade one moment, even the worst moment, for all the riches in the world “.

Sofia Kovalévskaya (Russia 1850-1891) She was a Russian mathematician.

Anecdote: When she was eleven years old, she papered her bedroom with a lot of theoremas.

Quote: “It is impossible to be mathematician without be a heart poet ”

Marie Curie (Poland 1867-1934) She was a Polish scientist

Anecdote: One day, she was interviewed and the reporter asked: How does it feel to be a woman of a scientist? And she answered: Ask my husband!.

Quote: “A scientist is not just a technician in his laboratory, he is also a child who saw natural phenomenon that impressed him like a fairy tale�

María Montessori (Italy 1870-1952) She was an Italian scientist.

Anecdote: When the husband of Maria Montessori abandoned her, she took part of the feminist movement.

Quote: “ Any unnecessary help is an obstacle to development”

Lise Meitner (Austria 1878-1968) She was an Austrian physics and she investigated radioactivity and nuclear physics.

Anecdote: When Adolf Hitler governed in Germany, Meitner had many problems to work, so finally she decided to escape to Nederland and then Sweden with false documents.

Quote: “ I have nothing to do with a bomb�

Amalie Emmy (Germany 1882-1935) She was a German mathematician.

Anecdote: She could not attend University because she was a woman, so she went to the classes that his father taught.

Quote: “ My Doctoral Thesis is a jungle of formulas�

Barbara McClintock (USA 1902-1992) She was an American scientist

Anecdote: She got a Nobel prize Quote: "If you know you are on the right track, if you have this inner knowledge, then nobody can turn you off... no matter what they say."

Grace Murray Hopper (USA 1906-1992 She was an American scientist

Anecdote: She was the first programmer to use the Mark

Quote:"Humans are allergic to change. They love to say, "We've always done it this way." I try to fight that. That's why I have a clock on my wall that runs counter-clockwise."

Rachel Carson (USA 1907-1964) She was an American marine biologist Anecdote: She wrote a lots of books about the environment Quote: “The more clearly we can focus our attention on the wonders and realities of the universe about us, the less taste we shall have for destruction.�

Chien-Shiung Wu (China 1912-1997) She was a Chinese nuclear physics.

Anecdote: When she was informed that she was admitted to the University of her dreams, she was afraid because she was thinking that she wasn’t qualified; but his father helped her to decide about her future.

Quote: “ There’s only one thing worse than return from the lab: your house with the sink with dirty dishes”

Antonia FerrĂ­n (Spain 1914-2009) She was a Spanish mathematician

Anecdote: She was the first woman teacher of the faculty of mathematics in Santiago the Compostela.

Quote:

Joan Clarke (U.K 1917-1996) She was a British Cryptanalysis and Numismatic

Anecdote:She worked in the World War 2

Quote: “ Sometimes the person who nobody imagines capable of anything is the person who does things that nobody imagines �.

Gertrude Belle Elion (USA 1918-1999) She was an American biochemist Anecdote: She got a Nobel prize of medicine

Quote: "Don't be afraid of hard work. Nothing worthwhile comes easily. Don't let others discourage you or tell you that you can't do it. In my day I was told women didn't go into chemistry. I saw no reason why we couldn't."

María Wonenburger (Spain 1927-2014) She was a Spanish mathematician.

Anecdote: She was the first spanish woman to receive a Fulbright scholarship.

Quote:”I have a tendency to be happy”.

Rosalind Franklin (UK 1920-1958) She was a British chemist.

Anecdote: She discovered the structure of the ADN. Quote: “Science and daily life cannot and should not be separated�.

Margarita Salas (Spain 1938-She is alive) She is a Spanish biochemist

Anecdote: She published more than 200 scientific works.

Quote:�When I was young I was discriminated against for being a woman, now I feel discriminated against for being older�.

Jocelyn Bell (UK 1943-She is alive) She is a British astronomer.

Anecdote:She failed the exam at the age of 11 and her parents sent her to Mount School in England where she knew a teacher who changed her life.

Quote: “Throughout my working life, I've been either one of very few women or the most senior woman in the place�.

Aida Fernรกndez (Spain 1947-2015) She was a Spanish biologist.

Anecdote: When one of her talks finished, she told her friends the critics she had received and they laughed.

Quote:

Mae Jemison (The United States 1956-She is alive) She is an American engineer.

Anecdote: One day, when she was in class, the teacher asked her what she wanted to be when she was an adult and she answered that she wanted to be a scientist. The teacher told her: ah, you want to be a doctor! But Mae denied with her head and she said that she wanted to be a scientist again.

Quote: “ Some people say that they feel very small when they think about the space. I felt more expensive, very connected with the universe�

Begoña Vila (Spain 1963- She is alive) She is a Spanish astrophysicist

Anecdote: The astrophysicist from Vigo, Begoña Vila won the award Wonenburger, because she was the main responsible of telescope << James Webb>> that it will be the substitute of the << Hubble>>.

Quote: “ I believe that there is life outside”

-Mary Somerville -Ada Lovelace -Elizabeth Blackwell -Joan Clarke -Rosalind Franklin -Jocelyn Bell

Sofia Kovalévskaya

Amalie Emmy

-Sophie Germain -Marie Curie -Antonia Ferrín -Maria Wonenburger -Margarita Salas -Aida Fernández -Begoña Vila

María Montessori

Lise Meitner

Hypatia

Rachel Carson Mae Jemison

-Barbara McClintock -Grace Murray Hopper -Gertrude Belle Elion

Chien-Shiung Wu

Conclusion In this project we learned about the lots of scientist women through history. We also learned that female scientists were equal or more important than male scientists. We liked this project a lot because we learned many things about the world of science and also because we knew about many female scientists we have never heard of.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ● ● ● ● ●

Dzhola, Natasha; “10 Increible Women In Science”, Culture trip, https://tinyurl.com/yyoc88l7 [Accessed 18-03-2019] Hodges, Kate; Sarah Papworth, “Vidas extraordinarias”, Lunwerg, China, 2018 Rogers, Shelby, “25 Quotes from Powerful Women in STEM Who Will Inspire You”, Interesting Engineering, http://tinyurl.com/yxplmrwz [Accessed 08-01-2019] Winter, Lisa; “12 Quotes From Incredible Female Scientists That Will Inspire You To Reach Higher”, Aplus, https://aplus.com/a/female-scientist-quotes?no_monetization=true [Accessed 08-01-2019] BrainyQuote https://www.brainyquote.com [Accessed 08-01-2019]

FOTOS: HypatiaGaspard Maurice Jules, “ Hypatia”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/y4lejuk5, [Accessed:16-03-2019]

Sophie GermainCervera José, “Sophie Germain”, Leyendo libros,https://tinyurl.com/y6g5bhvr, [Accessed: 16-03-2019]

Mary SomervillePhilips Thomas, “Mary Somerville”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/y3wcx6l7, [Accessed: 16-03-2019]

Ada LovelaceHarán Manuel Juan, “ Ada Lovelace”, Welivesecurity, https://tinyurl.com/y5k2axrh, [Accessed: 16-03-2019]

Elizabeth Blackwell“Elizabeth Blackwell”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/y4p7vrtm, [Accessed: 16-03-2019]

Sofia Kovalevskaya“Sofia Kovalevskaya”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/yyn7qe46, [Accessed: 16-03-2019]

Marie CurieHenry Manuel, “Marie Curie”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/yym8hp9v, [Accessed: 16-03-2019]

Maria Montessori“Maria Montessori”, Gladwellian Success, https://tinyurl.com/yyhc9d3q, [Accessed: 16-03-2019]

Lise Meitner“Lise Meitner”, Blogthikbing.com, https://tinyurl.com/yyu78aur, [Accessed: 16-03-2019]

Amalie Emmy“Amalie Emmy”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/y2l8jeop, [Accessed: 16-03-2019]

Barbara McClintock“Barbara McClintock”, Quotetab, https://tinyurl.com/y6aqqmad, [Accessed: 18-03-2019]

Grace Murray Hopper“Grace Murray Hopper”, Mujeres con ciencia, https://tinyurl.com/y2pl8nx2, [Accessed: 18-03-2019]

Rachel CarsonSilent Spring, “Rachel Carson”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/yygdthv6, [Accessed: 18-03-2019]

Chien Shiung-Wu“Chien Shiung-Wu”, Atomic Heritage Foundation, https://tinyurl.com/yapqdta6, [Accessed: 18-03-2019]

Antonia Ferrín“Antonia Ferrín”, Culturagalega.org, https://tinyurl.com/y6dkncgn, [Accessed: 18-03-2019]

Joan Clarke“Joan Clarke”, Mujeres con ciencia, https://tinyurl.com/y3blokld, [Accessed: 18-03-2019]

Gertrude Belle Elion“Gertrude Belle Elion”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/y5r8hoq6, [Accessed: 18-03-2019]

María Wonenburger“María Wonenburger”, El Pais, https://tinyurl.com/y5g25zq9, [Accessed: 18-03-2019]

Rosalind FranklinMikhail Roman “Rosalind Franklin”, Historical Snapshots, https://tinyurl.com/yyt46rjr, [Accessed: 18-03-2019]

Margarita Salas“Margarita Salas”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/yy4j98qe, [Accessed 18-03-2019]

Jocelyn Bell“Jocelyn Bell”, Europa Press, https://tinyurl.com/y3gly9o7, [Accessed 18-03-2019]

Aida Fernández“Aida Fernández”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/y36xfrge, [Accessed 18-03-2019]

Mae Jemison“Mae Jemison”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/y57vx4u4, [Accessed 18-03-2019]

Begoña VilaErice, Manuel “Begoña Vila”, ABC, https://tinyurl.com/yxegjag6, [Accessed 18-03-2019]