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regulation of slaughterhouses and tanneries. Even the remaining functions in schedule 12 are traceable to either the state list or, as shown later, the concurrent list (see table 5.2). Table 5.3 shows the schedule 12 functions that are linked to municipal functions enumerated in state laws.
T A B L E 5 . 2 Linkage of Schedule 12 Functions with the State List and Concurrent List Function
Urban planning including town planning Regulation of land use and construction of buildings Planning for economic and social development Roads and bridges Water supply for domestic, industrial, and commercial purposes Public health, sanitation, conservation, and solid waste management Fire services Urban forestry, protection of the environment, and promotion of ecological aspects Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including people with disabilities Slum improvement and upgrading Urban poverty alleviation Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, and playgrounds Promotion of cultural, educational, and aesthetic aspects Burials and burial grounds, cremations, cremation grounds, and electric crematoriums Cattle pounds and prevention of cruelty to animals Vital statistics, including registration of births and deaths Public amenities, including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops, and public conveniences Regulation of slaughterhouses and tanneries
Constitutional provision
Subject 35, state list Subject 20, concurrent list Subject 13, state list Subject 17, state list Subject 6, state list
Subject 17 A and B, concurrent list Subject 9, state list Subject 16, concurrent list
Subject 33, state list Subject 10, state list Subject 16, state list (also subject 17, concurrent list) Subject 30, concurrent list
Source: Constitution of India, Article 243W and Twelfth Schedule, and Article 246 and Seventh Schedule. Note: Several functions in schedule 12 have no clear link with either the state list or the concurrent list. However, urban planning can be seen as part of regulation of land use, urban poverty alleviation can be considered part of planning for economic and social development, slum improvement and upgrading can be considered part of construction of buildings, and provision of urban amenities can be seen as part of promotion of aesthetic aspects.
