Local Governance in Developing Countries

Page 319

Local Government Organization and Finance: Kazakhstan

287

T A B L E 8 . 5 Withdrawals to and Subventions Received from the National Budget, by Oblast (tenge million) Oblast

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005a

Akmolinskaya 3,928 4,153 4,391 7,192 9,353 14,112 13,864 Aktubinskaya (1,646) (1,830) (3,626) (569) (429) 2,131 (1,373) Almatinskaya 5,891 6,055 8,298 10,289 10,125 14,425 15,419 Atyrauskaya (6,766) (13,227) (28,790) (19,601) (20,115) (22,669) (28,989) East Kazakhstan 275 (1,279) (2,460) 5,190 9,348 15,010 15,469 Zhambylskaya 2,286 3,158 4,866 6,877 10,470 15,065 15,058 West Kazakhstan 335 254 (887) 1,286 (497) 5,657 7,665 Karagandinskaya (3,939) (5,820) (9,856) (81) 1,835 6,998 5,026 Kostanayskaya (363) (377) 841 4,182 5,191 8,892 9,478 Kyzylordinskaya 3,169 2,403 1,262 6,645 8,972 10,909 11,009 Mangistauskaya (4,844) (4,262) (10,629) (9,000) (10,651) (10,139) (15,989) Pavlodarskaya (3,539) (1,590) (2,106) (1,896) (974) 1,043 1,259 North Kazakhstan 2,971 3,192 3,732 5,202 6,206 11,468 11,461 South Kazakhstan 5,959 7,902 12,115 12,901 19,072 28,685 27,317 Almaty city (16,162) (21,867) (25,801) (17,915) (24,964) (32,061) (45,358) Astana city n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (1,804) (3,301) Total withdrawals (37,259) (50,251) (84,155) (49,065) (57,630) (66,673) (95,009) Total subventions 24,814 27,118 35,504 59,763 80,513 134,395 133,028 Source: Ministry of Finance 2005. Note: n.a. = not applicable. Withdrawals are in parentheses. a. Data are provisional.

If we look at the total volume of local budget revenues, amounts transferred from the national budget to subsidized oblasts amount to 15 percent; if we look at the total shares of expenditures, they amount to 11 percent. But, certainly, if each oblast is examined separately, there are significant differences between them. For instance, in 2003, 71 percent of income in Zhambylskaya oblast was received in the form of a subvention from the national budget, which allowed the oblast financing of up to 72.5 percent of its expenditures. This high level of subvention is related to an earthquake experienced by the oblast in 2003. In 2002, the subvention in Zhambylskaya oblast amounted to 57 percent of income. In 2003, the subvention in South Kazakhstan amounted to 52 percent and allowed the financing of 52.5 percent of oblast expenditures. Annual allocations of special transfers to local budgets for building schools, hospitals, and water supply systems to implement the drinking water program have been in effect since 2002.


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Personal and Corporate Income Taxes

1min
page 355

Shared Taxes

1min
page 354

by Size ofLocal Government,2000

1min
page 348

from Property Tax,by Size ofLocal Government,2001

1min
page 349

Local Governments’Own Taxes and Charges

5min
pages 344-346

Governments,2004

1min
page 347

Economy

3min
pages 341-342

Local Government Expenditure Responsibilities

1min
page 339

9.1 Territorial Division ofPoland,Average Sizes and Ranges

3min
pages 337-338

Local Government System

1min
page 336

Annex 8C:Oblast Budget Tax and Nontax Revenues

1min
page 331

Annex 8D:Rayon Budget Tax and Nontax Revenues

2min
pages 332-333

Annex 8A:Oblast Budget Expenditures

1min
pages 326-327

Annex 8B:Rayon Budget Expenditures

3min
pages 328-330

Lessons for Other Developing Countries

5min
pages 323-325

Local Government Administration

1min
page 321

Local Government Borrowing

1min
page 320

An Overall Assessment ofLocal Government Finances

1min
page 322

National Budget,by Oblast

1min
page 319

Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers

1min
page 318

January 1,2006

4min
pages 310-312

Local Government Structure in the New Republic

3min
pages 308-309

References

2min
pages 305-306

Notes

4min
pages 303-304

Lessons for Developing Countries

4min
pages 300-302

7.7 DAK Allocations by Sector,FY 2005

3min
pages 288-289

Levels ofGovernment before and after Decentralization

1min
page 295

Local Government Borrowing

3min
pages 292-293

7.5 Subnational Taxes

3min
pages 279-280

Shared Taxes and Revenues

1min
page 281

7.3 Expenditures by Level ofGovernment,FY 2002

1min
page 277

FY 1997–FY 2003

1min
page 269

and Political Overview

3min
pages 267-268

References

3min
pages 262-264

Notes

2min
page 261

Issues and Lessons

3min
pages 259-260

6.9 SFC Recommendations for Share in State Resources

4min
pages 253-255

6.5 Own-Source Revenue ofPRIs,All Tiers

1min
page 249

6.3 Per Capita Expenditure in PRIs (All Tiers

1min
page 246

Union Territory,April 1,2005

1min
page 242

Functional Domain

3min
pages 243-244

6.1 Classification ofFunctions Listed in the 11th Schedule

0
page 241

References

2min
pages 235-236

The Legal Framework

1min
page 240

5.13 Operations and Maintenance Expenditure

1min
page 232

Income,2001/02

1min
page 231

5.11 Per Capita Expenditure on Salaries and Wages

1min
page 230

5.10 Per Capita Revenue Expenditure

1min
page 229

5.9 Revenue Significance ofMunicipalities

1min
page 228

Recommended by the First State Finance Commission

5min
pages 223-225

5.8 Key Features ofTax-Free Municipal Bonds

1min
page 226

The Finances ofMunicipalities:An Assessment

1min
page 227

Borrowing by Municipal Governments

1min
page 222

Local Bodies

1min
page 221

5.5 Revenue Powers ofMunicipalities across Major States

8min
pages 214-220

Center-State-Municipal Fiscal Relations

1min
page 213

5.4 Per Capita Revenue Expenditure on Core Services

1min
page 212

Revenue Base ofMunicipalities

1min
page 211

List and Concurrent List

1min
page 206

Listed in State Laws

3min
pages 207-210

An Impressionistic View ofLocal Government Finances in China

3min
pages 195-196

Lessons for Developing Countries

1min
page 197

Local Government Administration

1min
page 194

Local Government Borrowing

3min
pages 192-193

ofGovernment,2003

1min
page 191

4.9 Intergovernmental Transfers,2003

4min
pages 188-190

ofTotal Local Government Revenues for Shared Taxes

1min
page 186

Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers

1min
page 187

4.4 Local Responsibilities and Relative Importance,2003

1min
page 180

4.3 Expenditure Shares ofVarious Orders ofGovernment,2003

6min
pages 176-179

Taxes and Charges

5min
pages 183-185

Local Government Expenditure Responsibilities

1min
page 174

4.1 Structure ofGovernment in China,2003

4min
pages 171-173

3.5 Composition ofthe Development Grants

2min
pages 152-153

Overall Assessment and Lessons

7min
pages 161-164

the Local Government Development Program

10min
pages 154-159

Notes

1min
page 165

Provinces,2003

1min
page 170

Scheme

3min
pages 150-151

Financial Management Capacity

1min
page 160

Decentralization Strategy

2min
page 149

3.4 Developments in Grants and Composition

2min
pages 147-148

3.3 Tax Autonomy and Control

4min
pages 144-146

3.2 Local Government Aggregate Own-Source Revenues

3min
pages 142-143

Local Government Revenues

1min
page 141

3.2 Development in Local Government Expenditures

1min
page 134

BriefOverview ofRevenue and Expenditures

1min
page 133

Structure ofLocal Governments

1min
page 130

3.1 Local Council Elections

3min
pages 131-132

Notes

2min
page 122

Lessons for Developing Countries

5min
pages 119-121

2.7 The Equitable Share:Purpose and Allocations,FY 2003/04

1min
page 111

Categories ofMunicipalities,FY 2003/04

3min
pages 113-114

FY 2002/03–FY 2008/09

3min
pages 108-110

Local Government Borrowing

1min
page 112

Expenditure,FY 2002/03–FY 2005/06

3min
pages 106-107

Intergovernmental Transfers

1min
page 105

2.4 Elements ofLocal Revenue

5min
pages 101-104

Local Governments’Own Taxes and Charges

3min
pages 99-100

2.3 Local Government Functions

2min
pages 97-98

Composition ofRevenues and Expenditures:General Patterns

1min
page 87

2.1 Municipal Budget Trends,FY 2002/03–FY 2005/06

5min
pages 88-90

Local Government Expenditure Responsibilities

1min
page 96

The Legal Status and Autonomy ofLocal Government

1min
page 83

in South Africa

4min
pages 84-86

The Practice:Alternative Models ofLocal Governance and Central-Local Relations

11min
pages 58-64

Own-Source Revenues

1min
page 46

A Comparative Overview ofLocal Government Organization and Finance in Selected Developing Countries

1min
page 65

Developing Countries

1min
page 69

Concluding Remarks

1min
page 74

Government Revenues in Developing Countries,2003

5min
pages 71-73

1.4 Principles and Better Practices in Grant Design

13min
pages 47-54

Developing Countries

0
page 68
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