Poultry Planner_January_2021 by Poultry Planner

JANUARY 2021

MONTHLY BILINGUAL

R.N.I. 71668/1999

Title Code HARBIL00563

VOL. 23 | No. 01 | January - 2021

v Management of Growing Chicken v Current Trends of Value-Added Poultry Products v Bacteriophages History and Evaluation v How To Do Poultry Farming in Winter ? v Organic Poultry Farming in India v Temperature Control for Optimising Chick Health v India's biggest poultry producer hits two-month

low due to bird ï¬&#x201A;u outbreak

GI-19

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OUR TEAM Vishal Rai Gupta Managing Director vishal@pixie.co.in Bhavana Gupta Editor-in-Chief editor.pcsl@gmail.com Siddhi Gupta Co-Editor Amit Business Executive poultry.pcsl@gmail.com M: 999 170 5005

HONORARY EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Mr. G.K. Rathinam Palani Tk, Dindugul Dist, Tamil Nadu Dr. J Tamizhkumaran M.VSc., PGDEP., Ph.D. (Ph. D in Veterinary & Animal Husbandry Extension Education) Mr. S.S Rathore (MVSc Poultry Science IBRI, Izatnagar) Dr. Manisha Singodia (MVSc Poultry Science, Jaipur) Dr. Annada Das (Ph. D Scholar, WBUAFS, Kolkata) Dr. M. Arul Prakash (MVSc Assistant Professor, Tanjore) Dr. B.L. Saini (Ph. D ICAR, Izatnangar) Dr. Bilawal Singh (MVSc, Assistant Professor Ludhiana)

Cold stress is the most important issue to be dealt with in winter months. 65-75 degrees F is the ideal temperature for poultry. The core temperature of chicken is between 105-107 degrees F. Any rapid drop in temperatures can cause mild to severe cold stress in poultry. Age, weight, diet, health, humidity and air flow are some of the factors affecting poultry. Increase in puffed feathers, reduced circulation, shivering and decreased immunity show that the bird is affected by cold stress. Some key factors that can relieve cold stress and increase productivity are: Housing management should be done in a manner to maximise the use of sunlight during winters. The curtains can be raised to use the sunlight for warming the sheds. Adequate ventilation is required during winter months as too much can cause winter stress whereas too little can cause the buildup of ammonia in the sheds which in turn increase respiratory issues in the poultry. A winter draft needs to be avoided at all cost and ammonia needs to be dispelled as well. Exhaust fans can be used to remove the stuffiness. Temperature needs to be maintained with the brooders in the sheds. Moisture increases in the droppings and the air which is again harmful to the poultry. It is essential that the litter is kept dry and it should be turned at regularly to maintain the dryness. The energy requirement increases from 20% to 50% in the winter months as the birds require more energy to maintain their body temperature and reduce cold stress. Feed rations should always be available to the poultry. Water should be provided 24/7 to the birds. It should be ensured that the water supplied should not be chilled but slightly warm and it helps reduce stress. A little care, a few small steps taken timely go a long way in optimising the benefits.

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Editorial Policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily held by the editors. Registered as Newspaper by Registrar of Newspaper for India : RNI No. 71668/1999, Tittle Code HARBIL00563 Editorial & Advertisement may not be reproduced without the written consent of the publishers. Whilst every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of Poultry Planner the publishers do not accept any responsibility or liability for the material herein. Publication of news, views of information is in the interest of positive poultry industrial development in India. It does not imply publisher’s endorsement. Unpublished material of industrial interest, not submitted elsewhere, is invited. The submitted material will not be returned. Publisher, Printer Mrs. Bhavana Gupta on behalf of Pixie Publication India (P) Ltd. Karnal Printed at Jaiswal Printing Press, Railway Road, Karnal Published at : C/o OmAng Hotel, Namaste Chowk, Near Janta Petrol Pump, KARNAL - 132001 (Haryana) INDIA Editor-in-Chief : Mrs. Bhavana Gupta All Legal matters are subject to karnal jurisdiction

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Articles... Management of Growing Chicken Dr. R Divisha

Current Trends of Value-Added Poultry Products Neha Rawat

Bacteriophages History and Evaluation Dr. Ramdas Kambale

How To Do Poultry Farming in Winter ? Mr. Rakesh Kumar

Organic Poultry Farming in India Dr. Krishna Chandra Sahoo

Temperature Control for Optimising Chick Health Dr. Yogesh Paharia

Holistic approach to control NE - Lantibiotics instead of Antibiotics Dr. Sachin Patil

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

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Management of Growing Chicken Dr. R Divisha1, Dr. M Arul Prakash2 and Dr. C Soundararajan4 1

Veterinary Consultant, 2Assistant Professor, 3Professor Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Corresponding author email id: vetrd89@gmail.com

2&3

Growing chicken commonly referred to as pullets or cockerels are young chicken that are less than a year old, raised after brooding till sexual maturity (9-18 weeks of age). They are often reared as commercial egg-laying or meat-type breeding hens in cages. Generally, chicks are kept in specific areas designated for brooding within the poultry houses. As they grow older, the grower birds are removed from brooders and distributed as replacement pullets in the house. The main objective of grower period is to achieve target live body weight and flock uniformity. General guidelines 1. Birds of uniform weight should be transferred to grower houses at 9 weeks of age to maintain flock uniformity; while doing so they should not be exposed to any kind of stress. 2. Vaccination of healthy flock with Ranikhet disease Lasota strain vaccine at 6th and 12th months of age, deworming and other prophylactic or supplementar y medications must be strictly administered; growers must be treated against endo- and ectoparasites regularly. 3. Recommended procedures such as debeaking, beak trimming and dubbing of cockerels should be carried out to prevent injuries among growers. 4. Sample weights of growing chicken should be taken once in a week to check if they meet the breeder recommendations. 5. Feather method of sexing or vent sexing is done to identify the pullets and cockerels.

Housing 1. Growers are maintained in pen and run system hence grower house needs to be properly cleaned and disinfected before introducing the birds from the brooder. 2. T h e r e s h o u l d b e s u f fi c i e n t cross ventilation within the grower house with ample floor space, feeding space (2040cm/bird) and water space (30-60cm/bird) provided for the growing chicken. 3. Suitable mold-free, non-toxic and non-caking litter material should be spread evenly to a depth of minimum 4 inches if reared in deep-litter system. A good litter management system helps prevent diseases like coccidiosis. 4. Feeders and waterers should be arranged and changed accordingly in the grower house. 5. The paddocks should preferably be rectangular in shape for the birds to run and exercise. 6. Lighting and temperature should be gradually reduced within the house as the birds grow. Only 12hours of natural lighting should be allowed; artificial lighting is not required. Feeding 1. The dietary requirements of growers between 6-20 weeks old varies from that of chicks. 2. The feed intake during growing period ranges from 500g/day to 1000g/day. 3. The grower ration should basically contain around 16-18% protein with

essential feed additives such as vitamins, minerals and anticoccidials. 4. More number of feeders must be provided to make sure that all birds take feed simultaneously; feed and water should be changed at least thrice a day. 5. Feed deprivation to the weaker birds by dominant birds must be checked. 6. Re s t r i c te d f e e d i n g s h o u l d b e adopted to prevent early sexual maturity, fattening of pullets and to improve the egg production. 7. Quantitative feed restriction: The quantity of feed is reduced below the standard requirements of the birds on daily or skip-a-day basis in a week . This is done by matching the average body weight of the ﬂock with standard body weights provided by the breeder. 8. Qualitative feed restriction: The quality of feed is reduced below the standard requirements of the birds by including unconventional or lesser-nutrient feed ingredients instead of a high energy or high protein diet. However, the quantity of feed is unrestricted. 9. Feed restriction during growing period saves feed cost as only calculated amount of feed will be offered. 10. Pullets accumulate less fat and hence produce more eggs by way of restricted feeding; weaker undergrown pullets can be identiﬁed easily and culled to improve the economy. r Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

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Current Trends of Value-Added

Poultry Products Neha Rawat, Deepa Saini, Taru Negi and BL Saini Department of Food Science and Technology, GBPUAT, Uttarakhand-263145, India, Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, U.P., India

Introduction Indian poultry sector is divided into two sub-sectors, one of them is highly organized sector with around 80% of the total market share and the other sector is unorganized sector which is around 20% of the total market share. Egg is one of the nutritious livestock products, which is rich in protein (providing around 12% of the Daily Value for protein), essential amino acids, vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin B6, B12, and minerals such as iron, phosphorous, selenium, choline. Being rich in Lutein and zeaxanthin, it has also been included in the category of functional foods. Functional foods are those foods which provide additional health beneďŹ ts beyond its basic nutritional property. Lutein and Zeaxanthin can lower the risk of agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) which is one of the key causes of blindness in people over 65 year of age. Poultry is well embedded with nutrients like protein, vitamins, and minerals, such as iron, selenium, zinc and B vitamins. It is a wonderful source of B12. Red meat being high in saturated fat is considered less healthy. Chicken meat rich in monounsaturated fats, essential polyunsaturated fatty acid like omega-3 fats and hence is considered healthy in comparison to red meat.

registrar general of India, about 715 of Indians over the age of 15 are nonvegetarians. India's population is expected to rise from 1.33 billion at present to 1.65 billion by 2050. With a population growing at such a rate, problem of dealing with malnutrition and hunger becomes an important issue. So, to ensure nutritional security it is important that people must be provided with high protein diet which is more effective as compared to other components of the food. Egg and Poultry meat are a rich source of protein for the nonvegetarians. According to National Sample Sur vey Organization, a

growth in per capita income is shifting consumer preferences from cereals to fruits, vegetables, dairy and meat. As reported by McKinsey and company, the per capita chicken consumption is set to grow from 3.2 to 9.1 Kg by 2030, on account of rapidly changing consumption behaviour of individuals. In household food consumption, share of poultry and other meat is expected to grow from 12 % to 24% by 2030 (if growth momentum is as per expectation). Poultry meat is cheaper as compared to other meats like ďŹ sh, lamb etc. and hence available at affordable prices.

Food Habits In sample registration system (SRS) baseline survey 2014 released by

Some of the value-added poultry products are explained below in brief: Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

Scope with value added products Poultry products can be modified in various value-added products like whole egg powder, egg roll, brined and pickled eggs, egg souffle, egg strips, egg crepe, egg cutlet, waffles, yolk powder, albumen flakes/ rings. Also, natural yellow pigment from yolk, lecithin, conalbumin and avidin from eggs are used in pharmaceutical industry. Other products of poultry are Lysozyme, di-calcium phosphate from shell and shell membranes, cured and smoked chicken, chicken patties, intermediate moisture diced products with long shelf-life, battered and breaded enrobed products, chicken chunkalona, chicken soup, chicken essence, nuggets, kababs, meat spreads, marinated breast fillet, hotdogs, frankfurters etc. Processed products from particular part of chicken meat such as Giblets, liver, and liver extract, deboned meat for airline industry, chicken gizzard pickle is also in great demand. a. Pickled eggs: It is a simple, efficient and cost-effective technology developed in order to increase the shelf life of egg. Pickled quail eggs have storage life of about 4 months and can be marketed in ready to eat to form at ambient temperature. b. Salted Chicken Eggs: It is a technique which involves preparation of intact salted chicken shell eggs and substitutes the addition of using salt while serving boiled egg. This makes this product convenient for the egg vendors. c. Albumen Rings: This product can be a wonderful protein rich snack and can be popularized as healthy snack at fast food centers. Blended egg albumen is cooked in ring molds. Coagulated albumen rings are then battered, breaded and deep fried. d. Egg Roll: This roll is filled with 80% scrambled egg and 20% chicken 12

meat mixture and then shallow pan fried. It is nutritious as well as a tasty snack . This product offers a potential market at growing fast food outlets. e. Egg crepe: It is a prepared by filling thin roll with meat or vegetables and rolled or folded. It is an eggrich product and can be popularized as a convenient egg item at growing fast food outlets and at homes. It has a shelf life of 22 days in vacuum and 20 days in aerobic packaging at refrigeration (4 ± 1°C). f. Egg Waffles: It is prepared from 65% liquid whole egg with 10% wheat flour and 5% granulated wheat. It has an ambient shelf-life of 4 days in vacuum and 3 days in air packs, while at refrigeration temperature, it can keep well for 10 days in vacuum and 6 days in air packs with satisfactory microbiological quality. Egg Waffle is a nutritious, light, crispy and versatile snack food the breakfast. g. Cured and smoked chicken: This is prepared by first brine-curing dressed chicken for 48 hr. at 4°Cfollowed by smoking for 4 h at 45°C (R.H. 30%) up to desirable pink color is attained with smoky flavor. h. Chicken patties: This is a wonderful product to utilize tough meat of culled layers /discontinued breeder stock. Meat is minced. Then, fat, binder, condiments and other additives are mixed in a homogenizer twice at 15°C to emulsify, molded and finally oven-cooked. I. Chicken nuggets: Chicken meat is emulsified similar to chicken patties and molded in the form of square or rectangular nuggets. j. Intermediate moisture chicken meat: Diced chicken meat is infused in solution containing humectants. It is then dehydrated to a semi-moist product which is

self-stable and can be stored for about 2 months at ambient temperature. k. Chicken chunkalona: It is made by combining spent hen meat mince (60%) and pre-marinated tender meat chunks of broiler (25%) with binders, extenders and some seasonings. l. Chicken meat spread: It is a spreadable product prepared by combining pre-cooked, deboned and minced spent hen's meat (85%) with cereal starch, egg yolk , seasoning and permitted food additives. It is then, thermally processed for gelatinization of starch and stabilization of emulsified product. m. Marinated chicken breast fillets: It prepared by tumbling marination of broiler pectoral muscle. It is then oven roasted to finally make a ready-to-eat product. n. Vinegar based chicken gizzard pickle: It has potential as an affordable high protein product. It has moderate shelf life of 45 days in summer season and 75 days in winters at ambient temperature. o. Cooked chicken stock (oneminute curried chicken): It is of high use in the present life style as most of the people are working and do not have time for cooking, and for old people as they can prepare this nutritious product easily. Conclusion Traditional meat and egg products should be commercialized. More research is needed to enhance the shelf-life of the traditional products so that they can be easily consumed and popularized. This will not only help in sustaining nutritional security but may also be helpful in developing taste of the people to poultry products and shift their food habits from red meat consumption to white meat consumption. r Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

Article

Bacteriophages History and Evaluation Dr Ramdas Kambale Senior Vice President, Vetphage pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd

Bacteriophages also known as“phages” are viruses that are capable of infecting bacteria. Phage comes from the Greek word phagein that means “to devour”, so bacteriophage literally means “bacteria eater”. Although it may seem odd that a virus can infect bacteria (single celled microbe) but in fact, bacteriophages are nearly 40 times smaller compared to bacteria. The bacteriophages get attached to their targeted bacteria via specific tail fibre receptors.The tail fibres happen to be one of the crucial structural elements of bacteriophages that makes each phage type specific to its host bacteria. History In 1896, a British bacteriologist named Ernest H Hankin observed that the waters from Yamuna and Ganga contained some biological principle which destroyed cholerainducing bacteria. He also observed that millipore filters that were known to retain microorganisms like bacteria, couldn't stop this substance from passing through. In 1915, another British bacteriologist named Frederick Twortdiscovered a small agent capable of infecting and killing a bacteria. Two years after the discovery made by Twort, Felix d'Herelle, a French-Canadian microbiologist observed a similar finding while studying patients recovering or suffering from bacillary dysentery. It was in fact d'Herelle who started bacteriophages use in clinical medicine and brought to light the “phage therapy” concept. After the invention of the electron microscope, a German doctor named Helmut Ruska came up with the first physical description of the bacteriophages. Following his observations, Luria and Anderson visualised various types of bacteriophages and described their common structure. In the subsequent years, considerable progress was made in the field of bacteriophages with the first human experiments staring in the 2000s. Bacteriophage Lifecycle Similar to other viruses, bacteriophages need to infect their targeted bacteria to

reproduce. The infection process involves a series of steps which can be referred to as the ‘phage lifecycle’. There are two cycles, while certain bacteriophages reproduce only via a lytic cycle, other bacteriophages alternate between a lysogenic lifecycle and lytic lifecycle. In a lytic lifecycle, the bacteriophages cause lysis of the targeted bacterial cells by bursting the cell wall of bacteria. In a lysogenic lifecycle, the bacteriophages doesn’t kill the targeted bacteria cell, instead they are replicated along with the bacterial cell DNA every time the cell divides. Lytic Cycle The characteristics of a bacteriophage in a lytic cycle is typical to that of a virus; after attachment to their targeted bacterial cell the resources of the cell is utilised to produce new phages. This causes the cell to burst and lysis of the bacteria. The phases of the lytic cycle: Ÿ

Binding: The bacteriophage tail attaches to a speciﬁc receptor present on the bacterial cell’s surface.

Invasion: The phage genome enters the cytoplasm of the bacteria.

Biosynthesis: The phage DNA replicates and translates the important viral components to make phage proteins.

Maturation: New phage particles are created.

Lysis: The cell expands and bursts releasing the newly createdphages.

Lysogenic Cycle In the lysogenic cycle, the initial two phases are identical to that of the lytic cycle. However, after the phage DNA enters the cell, it recombines with the bacterial chromosome causing the phage genome DNA to integrate into the chromosome. The integrated phage DNA is also known as a prophage. Thus, every time the bacteria replicates its

chromosome, the phage’s DNA is also replicated and passed along to new cells during reproduction. The phases of the lysogenic cycle: Ÿ

Binding: The bacteriophage attaches to the host.

Invasion: It injects the DNA into the host cell.

Integration: The DNA of the phage recombines with bacterial chromosome.

Cell Division: The phage DNA is passed onto the new cells after cell division.

If the conditions become stressful, the prophage DNA comes out of the bacterial chromosome to enter the lytic cycle. Bacteriophages - Alternative to Antibiotics Before Alexander Fleming discovered antibiotics in 1928, considerable research was conducted on bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections. Though research on phage was abandoned in various parts of the world post the discovery of antibiotics, but in different Soviet nations the developments continued mostly because of the lack of western antibiotics. Of late, owing to increasing problems of antibiotic resistance, there has been a resurgence of interest in the “phage approach”. In fact, bacteriophage therapy is being used nowadays to help ﬁght different bacterial diseases in animal and poultry. Leading the way, Proteon Pharma-ceuticalshas emerged as a prominent name focused on improving animal and human health with their sustainable bacteriophage products and solutions. Using precision biology for microbiome protection, Proteon Pharmaceuticals aims to reduce the unnecessary use of antibiotics to enhance on-farm productivity and enhance environmental sustainability of livestock production. Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

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How To Do Poultry Farming in Winter ? Mr. Rakesh Kumar Founder, Growel Agrovet Private Limited, www.growelagrovet.com

Poultry farming in winter season has incredible impact on poultry generation by bringing down the temperature of encompassing. Amid winter when temperature goes down and different issues like decrease in egg generation, lessening in water consumption, diminishment in fruitfulness and hatchability and so forth happens. Consequently, the administration of poultry amid winter is an essential sympathy toward poultry agriculturist.

To get the maximum proﬁt out of the poultry farming in winter , the birds should be free from all types of stress. Nowadays, poultry is facing stress of harsh cold weather which needs proper management of temperature, humidity, litter, ammonia, feed, water, light and ventilation etc. These are of much importance while managing the birds as they affect its health and production.

of temperature. The behaviour of the birds is a good parameter to assess whether the temperature is uniform in the whole shed or not. If the birds huddle close to the heating source, it indicates cold environment. In some situations, the birds are found in patches, called as 'comfort zones'. The formation of comfort zones should be avoided by constant circulation and recirculation of air.

While doing poultry farming in winter poultry farmers should take proper care at the following points.

The ﬁrst thing is the insulation of the house. An insulated house provides opportunity of controlling cold air inside the shed. Walls give better insulation than open-sided house having curtains. One must ensure that there are no holes, cracks and crevices in the wall or roof from where air may enter. The pads must be sealed with some plastic or polythene sheets.

1. Poultry House Management 2. P o u l t r y H o u s e Ve n t i l a t i o n Management 3. Poultry Litter Management 4. Poultry Feeding Management 5. Poultry Water Management Poultry House Management The temperature is of much importance even before the arrival of chicks. One must say that optimum temperature requirements are more important for young chicks than older ones because older birds are better insulated with feathers, have less surface area and produce more heat than young chicks. For the day-old chicks, the shed should be pre-heated one to two days before the arrival of chicks. If it is not, the air and the litter will absorb heat from the bodies of the chicks and the birds may star t shivering with cold. This will affect the growth of the birds. The other thing is uniform distribution 16

Poultry house ought to be composed in such an approach to give all the solace required by winged creatures amid winter. Introduction of a building as for wind and sun therefore impact temperature, and light on diverse outer surfaces. In winter the bend of t h e s u n's n o t i c e a b l e w a y i s abbreviated, an east – west arrangement of a rectangular house gives a greatest increase of sunlight based vitality in winter. House ought to be composed in a way that most extreme daylight enters the shed amid day time. Feathered creatures ought to be shielded from chilled winds, for this gunny packs ought to be hanged at the spots from where the frosty air enters. These gunny packs ought to be

hanged down when daylight goes at night till the landing of daylight next morning. Getting brooding right is especially important in winter. While the method does not change with regard to temperatures and relative humidity inside the house, the cost and time to achieve the same results does increase. P o u l t r y H o u s e Ve n t i l a t i o n Management Birds discharge a ton of dampness in their breath and droppings which antagonistically influences their well being, if there is confined ventilation it causes smelling salts develop noticeable all around which causes respiratory issues. In this way, they require a lot of outside air circling around the house. For the reason sliding windows are valuable as they can be opened amid day and shut amid night. There ought to likewise be course of action of fumes fans to evacuate unclean air. The first 24 to 48 hours is crucial in the bird's life as this affects health and performance throughout the whole production cycle. While doing poultry farming in winter number of feeders ought to be expanded. Lower winter temperatures cause the air entering the house to fall very quickly to the floor due to the increased weight of moisture instead of mixing with the warmer air in the house and falling more slowly. As this cold, damp air falls, bedding/litter can start to “go off” even in the early stages. It is therefore crucial to adjust ventilation and Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

heating on a daily, or even hourly basis, to combat this effect. It is important to get the air and ﬂoor temperatures correct, as chicks don't have the ability to regulate their own body temperature until they are 12-14 days old.Cold weather ventilation or winter ventilation is totally a new chapter as compared to the hot day's ventilation. Farmers ﬁnd it a nightmare to control ventilation in winter. Just look at the following points to control your cold weather ventilation. Ÿ

Proper insulation and sealing of the shed is a prerequisite. The fans should be operated at their minimum capacity to contain maximum heat inside the shed. If this minimum ventilation is not provided, the inside air quality will deteriorate. Increase the ventilation rate according to the age. Ventilation rate may be further increased if there is ammonia or wet litter problem. If ventilation rate is

increased, add some heat in the air. If the house is hot, just adjust the addition of heat but don't tune the fan because fans are required for removal of moisture and ammonia. Ÿ

If litter gets dusty, decrease the ventilation rate, because extra dry litter may result in respiratory problems in the birds. Fresh air coming in should be mixed well with warm air before reaching the birds. Additional fans can be used to recalculate the warm air to save the cost.

With reference to laying birds, one thing ver y impor tant is light management. Naturally, birds go on molting in short days i.e. in winter. The process of natural molting takes about four months and hence the birds go out of production. In such circumstances, it is very much important to give extra dose of light to keep them in production. Normal light duration of 14-16 hours is recommended.

Poultry Litter Management Before chick being put in house, the surface of floor ought to be secured with a bedding material called litter. It offers solace to the winged animals. A decent quality litter serves as an encasing in keeping up uniform temperature, likewise ingests dampness and advances drying. It weakens fecal material in this way diminishing contact in the middle of feathered creatures and fertiliser. It likewise protects the chicks from the cooling impacts of the ground and gives insurance pad in the middle of fowl and floor. Around 6 inches of litter is required in houses amid winter. The litter offers warmth to the flying creatures amid winter. In the event that litter administration is appropriate, it will be felt entirely warm when taken close by. The litter is required to be managed efficiently because it gets wet quite easily with water coming from loose water pipe connections, drinkers, Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

droppings and roof. This will result in cake formation in the litter which becomes good medium for anaerobic bacterial growth and ammonia production.

Consumption of calories of ME/winged animal/day shifts as the surrounding temperature changes. Typically these distinctions are as per the following:

Normally litter moisture is maintained with in the range of 2535 per cent. The heating and ventilation systems must be continuously monitored to ensure optimum level of moisture. Wetting of litter is further prevented by q u a l i t y f e e d a n d w a t e r. F e e d containing high quantities of wheat and barley, and water having high percentage of minerals like sodium, magnesium and chloride make the droppings soft that add up the moisture of the litter. If litter gets too much wet and there is cake f o rm a t i o n t h e n i t i s b e t te r to replace it.

When winged animal eat more nourish, alongside vitality, different supplements are additionally devoured more which are really not required and they turn into a waste. To maintain a strategic distance from this wastage amid winter vitality rich sources like oil/fat ought to be added to the eating regimen or level of different supplements may be decreased keeping the vitality at same level.

Another issue of increasingly concern is production of bad odour, especially in the farms close to population. It is also an outcome of wet litter. If the litter is kept dry and there is an efﬁcient ventilation system, this problem is automatically solved. Low pH also retards the degradation of the organic matter. Poultry Feeding Management Poultry utilise nourishment for two fundamental purposes i.e., as a vitality source to keep up body temperature and to bear on ordinary physiological exercises and as building material for advancement of bones, substance, quill, egg and so on. The variety in food utilisation is littler for every degree Fahrenheit change in temperature when the climate is frosty than when it is hot. Low temperature causes more encourage admission and higher oxygen request. Subsequently, when the climate gets colder, it is crucial to give the chicken a lot of sustenance as they require additional vitality for keeping up body temperature. 20

To give the chicks the best start they should be feeding and drinking as soon as possible. Poultry farmers should provide additional feed on paper placed on the floor, together with supplementary drinkers, allowing the least travel for any chick. It is useful in the first 24 to 48 hours after placing to select a random sample of chicks a few times and gently check that the crop is full, soft and round to show that feed and water are present and the chick is thriving. Feed and water must be of good quality to allow the chick to start the growing process immediately and aid absorption of the yolk sack. Feed ought to be accessible to the feathered creature entire of the day. It has been tentatively demonstrated that for legitimate development of oven amid summer, diet containing 23% protein and 3100 Kcal ME/kg eating regimen is required. While in winter 3400 Kcal/kg ME and 23% protein is required. Raising the amino acid levels, even above recommended levels, will support better FCR, higher growth rates, and higher breast meat yields. Amino acid density then becomes a matter of setting economic priorities. Higher protein diets will result in higher water intake, more water excretion and higher depositions of nitrogen in the litter. So it is important to feed Amino Power from first day to twentieth at least.

The maintenance of caloric values in the feed also needs high consideration. Poultry feed should have high caloric value as compared to feed offered in summer season, such type feed keeps the birds warm. Poultry Water Management During poultry farming in winter season winged creatures take less water so far support of water in the body, it is important to give constant supply of new water which can be taken by the feathered creature. Poultry drinking water must be crisp and clean and you should be sanitised with Aquacure . On the off chance that water is sufﬁciently chilly, then it ought to be given to chicken in the wake of adding boiling hot water to it, so that the water comes to ordinar y temperature. In ice falling territories, blockage of funnel is a major issue because of solidifying of water amid winter season. At the point when temperature goes underneath 0°C routine assessment of funnel line ought to be done to dodge blockage of water. Many of immunisations /prescription/ anti-stress vitamins like Growvit Power & Immune Booster should be given to poultr y through water. As water utilisation of winged animal is decreased amid winter season. Thus, care ought to be taken that waters are uprooted couple of hours before water pharmaceutical and solution/ immunisation is given in less measure of water so feathered creatures can expend complete water and every ﬂying creature get advantage of medication/antibody or different poultry supplements. Doing poultry farming in winter is not a hard thing to do with the right information, proper care & quality poultry healthcare products. I hope this article will be helpful for you in doing poultry farming in winter. r Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

Article

Organic Poultry Farming in India Dr Krishna Chandra Sahoo, Global Product Manager, Proteon Pharmaceutical's India The poultry population of India grew at an exponential rate of 16.8% from 2012 to 2019 taking the number to 851.8 million last year. When it comes to animal agriculture in India, the poultry sector was valued at INR 1,750 billion in 2018. The market is further projected to reach INR 4,340 Billion by 2024, growing at a CAGR of 16.2% during 20192024.With changing consumer preference and increased health awareness, there has been a sudden shift of attention towards sustainable organic poultry farming in India. Poultry farmers in India are starting to realise how a small shift from conventional systems can beneﬁt the animals, consumers, and of course, their business. Issues with Conventional Poultry Farming Over the last four decades, the poultry sector of India has transformed immensely to become a scientiﬁc, commercially organised industry. However, a major part of the poultry industry is still dependent on conventional methods that not only violate animal welfare but also cause expanding use of antimicrobials in poultry. As a consequence of the growing demand for animal protein and use of antibiotics, drug-resistant infections in poultry and humans have become a serious issue. Under conventional systems, the use of antibiotics without any proper regulatory limits poses a serious threat of antibiotic resistance. Though in 2014 the Department of Animal Husbandry advised controlled use of antibiotics in animal feeds, so far it has made no difference.

chickens to promote growth and weight gain with less feed. The long term exposure to this substance can cause cancer. Growth hormones given to the fowls is another issue related to the health of the consumers. Besides the growing use of antibiotics, conventional poultry farming practices also result in poor management of litter, manure, and wastewater that can adversely affect the lives of people. How Organic Farming can be a Better Substitute The “naturalness” of organic poultry farming can be a suitable alternative to conventional poultry farming methods. Organic poultry farming will result in birds having better outdoor access, low stocking densities, an organic diet, and treatment methods for diseases that do not use chemicals. In 2014, the Center for Science and Environment conducted a study on 1500 samples from 530 birds on 18 poultry farms in 6 districts in Punjab to test their resistance to a variety of antibiotics crucial to human medicine. High levels of resistance to many impor tant antibiotics were found – 39% for ciproﬂoxacin and 89% for nalidixic acid. Even more alarming reports were shared by the Science journal recently stating that 4,796 tons of antibiotics will be fed

to animals reared for food by 2030 if proper regulations are not put in place. Unlike conventional poultry farming, organic poultry farming requires that poultry is raised without antibiotics, synthetic pesticides, hormones, and mammalian byproducts in the feed.To prevent the spread of diseases and counter antibiotic resistance, a new approach is being adopted across poultry farms globally i.e. bacteriophages. Bacteriophages are viruses that bind with the bacteria, replicates, and kills it by bursting or lysing. Bacteriophages are very speciﬁc and can be a better substitute for reducing the use of antibiotics in poultry. Bacteriophage based disinfectants are also helpful in preventing horizontal transmission of pathogens. Wrapping Up There is a severe lack of technical knowledge among poultry farmers in India that leads to the acceptance of sub-standard practices. As a result, ﬂock health is affected. Use of organic poultry farming procedures would lead to safer poultr y products through proper poultry welfare. This would also make sure that consumers face no risk of infections from the consumption of poultry-based products like egg and meat. r

According to the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI),Arsenic is fed to

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

Article

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Temperature Control for Optimising Chick Health Chickens are homoeothermic, which means that within limits, they can regulate their own body temperature, much as mammals do. However, they are not born that way. During the embryonic phase, chickens are poikilotherm, which means that their body temperature follows that of their environment, as in reptiles. The difference with reptiles is that they can function properly at a wide range of body temperatures: they simply adjust their metabolism to it. Chickens achieve ideal development at optimum body temperature, but in the poikilotherm stage they cannot maintain that temperature themselves. This phenomenon is well known in incubation. We set the temperature in the incubator very precisely to bring the embryos exactly to optimum temperature. In an ideal situation, heat production by the embryo, heat loss from the egg and the environmental conditions are so well balanced, that the temperature of the embryo stays exactly at its optimum. Optimum embryonic temperature is acknowledged to be between 100.0 - 100.5°F, measured as egg shell temperature, as this accurately reﬂects the temperature of the embryo. We control the incubation process by checking the temperature of the shell with an

Dr. Yogesh Paharia B.V.Sc , M.V.Sc ( Nutrition )

infrared ear thermometer and adjusting incubator conditions to achieve the optimum heat balance. We also know that in chickens, this is much less critical. If temperature is not exactly in balance with the heat production of the bird, the bird will not immediately reflect that in its body temperature. However it will pay a price for keeping its body temperature more or less constant, either by having to use more feed for heat production or by limiting its feed intake to reduce heat production, but the direct effect is not as dramatic as in embryos. The critical transition time For the embryo, the process of changing from poikilotherm to homeotherm takes five or six days starting at day 19 of incubation and completing when the chick is four to five days old. In chicks from young breeder flocks, this process can take 24 to 48 hours longer. It actually means that day-old chicks' ability to regulate or maintain its temperature is as immature as an embryo's, and if conditions are not optimal, its body temperature can drop dramatically. Within two hours following placement, a dayold chick's body temperature can drop more then 5°C, from the optimal level of 40°C to 35°C or lower. In some circumstances body temperatures as low as 33°C have

been found, without the bird actually dying - at least not immediately. We control the body temperature of a day-old chick mainly by controlling heat loss through the floor. If the house is on temperature but the floor is too cold (below 29-30°C), the birds lose too much heat through their feet, lie down and become even colder because now a larger body area is touching the floor, and their body temperature will drop very quickly. It is clear, therefore, that maintaining the correct air temperature is not enough to prevent this heat loss: it's exactly the same principle as when we as humans walk barefoot over a cold floor. Consequences of low temperature The consequences of this drop in body temperature are quite dramatic. Although day-old chicks are able to deal with a relatively large range of body temperatures, as are all newborn animals, they will - if the correct body temperature is not restored quickly - experience difficulties. The first reaction of the chick will be to start making noise, the bird will become under-cooled and start to lie down, which further accelerates

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

the process of becoming undercooled. An under-cooled bird will experience stress, which prevents its immune-system from functioning properly, leaving it more susceptible to e-coli or any other type of bacterial infection. In these circumstances, first week mortality will be increase. By lying down, the chick will also not find feed and water, as in a normal process it “stumbles” into it when moving around. These “nonstarters” will not digest any feed in that first hours/days, so they will also not obtain any heat from the digestion process. By not eating, the digestive tract is not stimulated, and the immune-system is not stimulated either. When the birds don't eat, they don't take up carbohydrates, and these carbohydrates are needed to absorb the yolk residue. Without eating, the residual yolk will remain longer in the body cavity, increasing the risk of navelyolk sac mortality. And in this yolk, mother hen stored her maternal anti-bodies. If the chick is unable to take up the yolk properly because it lacks the carbohydrate energy produced by eating, it will also have reduced access to the benefits of these maternal antibodies. Last but not least, the consequences for the performance of the flock are significant. The problem is not so much increased mortality in the first week, which although regrettable, is a relatively inexpensive mortality. However the birds that were under-cooled but didn't die are more of a concern. These birds will not start for a couple of days, and remain at hatch 28

weight when the rest of the flock is already up to a body weight of 120150g. Not only will this variance re d u c e t h e fl o c k 's a ve r a g e bodyweight and FCR at seven days of age, but it will also undermine uniformity, both at seven days and at the end. This uniformity shows as uniformity of bodyweight, but can for instance also be expressed as uniformity of immune competency. Temperature fluctuation at vaccination In fact it is surprising how remarkable the economic impact of thermal discomfort at an early age can be, when we chill chicks not fully able to maintain their body temperature. In these flocks, mortality usually starts at three-five days of age; sneezing and rales can occur as early as 48 hours after improper vaccination and often causes too high a condemnation rate. Thermal stress at early age and immunosupression as a consequence of stress, can also lead to acute or chronic septicaemia (bacteria present in the blood flow) or even viral infections of respiratory system. Most well maintained spraying equipment can generate a droplet size of 100 to 150 microns, which is well tolerated by the respiratory system of a But no machine in the world per forms consistently without regular maintenance and checks, so it really is wor th conducting an regular check up of spraying equipment - how it generates droplet size, its cleanness, distribution of droplets, etc. And there are special protocols, which can help when checking

equipment, to maintain correct performance and avoid undesirable, post-vaccination effects. With a spray cabinet, usually 70-80 ml of water is used per 1000 chicks, although this can vary with the type of spray cabinet. Water temperature should range between 15 - 20°C. Properly vaccinated chicks look damp immediately after spraying, evenly within the box, but they should never look totally wet, dripping with vaccine applied. Temperature in the storage room should be not less then 24°C, and as before - the room should be draught-free. Vaccinationwas without a doubt a milestone step for ward in preventing respiratory diseases like Infectious Bronchitis, Newcastle Disease or TRT/SHS syndrome. If d o n e p ro p e r l y, t h i s m e t h o d stimulates good, early, localised protection of the mucosa, which is the gateway of choice for respiratory viruses entering the bird's organism. And last but not least - the chick's respiratory system is the one most exposed to infections in conditions of intensive poultry production, due to its speciﬁc anatomy. It is almost impossible to overestimate the advantages of early age vaccination, and nothing but neglecting the proper management of environmental conditions and t h e c h i c k 's p h y s i o l o g y c a n undermine the desired effect of vaccination.

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

Press Release

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ONLINE DISCUSSION FORUM (ODF)–OF PAN INDIA POULTRY TRAINING / EDUCATION FACILITIES ORGANISED BY CPDO&TI, BENGALURU ON 8TH JANUARY, 2021 Central Poultry Development Organization & Training Institute under Government of India, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, a premier Institute located at Hessarghatta, Bengaluru organized a one day online Discussion forum – of pan India poultry training / education facilities on 8th January, 2021

CPDO&TI

CASM

CPPM, Hosur

Poultry sector in India is a technocommercial sector with contribution of nearly 1.5 lakh crores to the GNP with about 6 million people being employed directly or indirectly. Human resource development forms a signiﬁcant backbone for the sector which well acknowledges that there are good number of technocrats / specialists along with work force in the sector. However, keeping in pace with the growth of the sector the middle management and experts in speciﬁc areas of automation, management, soft skills etc is the need of the hour.

Gajendran, Principal, Suguna Institute of Poultr y Management (SIPM), Udumalpet, Tamilnadu, Dr. Girish Verma, Dean, College of Avian Science & Management (CASM), Thiruvazhamkunnu, Kerala and College of Poultry Production & Management (CPPM), Hosur, Tamilnadu and host Institute, Central Poultry Development Organisation & Training Institute (CPDO&TI), Hessarghatta, Bengaluru deliberated about facilities in general and training activities in particular during the day.

initiative by CPDO&TI along with other institutes. He also felt that during this digital era of post covid vir tual platforms like this made easy for all the panelists to join and to create a historic r e c o r d i n y o u t u b e c h a n n e l of CPDO&TI and Hibiz TV for future reference to the needy.

CPDO&TI the premier poultry training institute in the country took lead in organizing pan-India ODF of poultry training / education facilities across the country. IN this forum, Dr. Sanjeev Kumar, Director, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute (ICAR-CARI), Izatnagar, U.P., Dr. R.N. Chatterjee, Director, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research (ICAR-DPR), Hyderabad, Colonel. Joshi, GM & Head, Dr. B.V. Rao Institute of Poultry Management & Technology (IPMT), Pune, Dr. K. 32

Dr. Mahesh P.S., Joint Commissioner, GoI & Director welcomed all the panelists for the discussion forum. Prof. R.N.S. Gowda, former Vice chancellor, KVAFSU and poultry expert inaugurated the event and stressed the need for coordination, collaboration and remodeling of courses at all Institutes and educational facilities suiting to safe food and biosecurity in the farms. Further, Prof. felt that such an initiative of establishing one platform for training / educational facilities is highly needed and appreciated the

Dr. Sanjeev Kumar, Director, ICARCARI elaborated in detail about the facilities available at the Institute. CARI is the only Institute mandated for research in alternate species including chicken namely, Duck, Quail, Guinea Fowl, Turkey etc. CARI was established in 1979 with a mandate of research and human resource capacity building. CARI is the premier institute offering masters and PhD programs in the speciﬁc ﬁeld of poultry specializations. He further narrated about various breeds of poultry released by CARI across the country. They conduct lot of training programmes namely, shor t term t r a i n i n g p ro g r a m m e of 6 - d a y s , sponsored training programmes, specialized training programs (12 days), EDP programme (6 days) and Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

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Dr. B.V. Rao Institute of Poultry Management & Technology

International short courses (one week). For more details one can reach CARI through website: https//icar.org.in/cari/ CARI has all the facilities for conducting research and trials in different departments of poultry science. CARI has established a new campus in 2020. Dr. R.N. Chatterjee, Director, ICARDPR, Hyderabad presented a detail status of Directorate of Poultr y Research which was established as a full-ďŹ&#x201A;edged unit during 1988 at Hyderabad. This Institute is mandated for research in molecular genetics, nutrition and physiology. DPR has a network of AICRP centers across the country and poultry seed projects in different states. The main mandate has been production and supply of parent stocks, day old chicks, hatching eggs across the nation and popularizing colored variety of birds for rural poultry. They have a huge setup at Hyderabad with latest facilities. The details of all the presentations can be heard in our youtube channel CPDO&TI TRAINING and facebook: cpdoti.bangalore. DPR conducts need based training programmes for farmers, researches and academicians. DPR can be reached 33

Suguna Institute of Poultry Management

through website: www.pdonpoultry.org Colonel. Joshi, GM and Head, Dr. B.V. Rao Institute of Poultry Management & Te c h n o l o g y , P u n e w h i c h w a s established as a trust in 1987 at Uralikanchan near Pune under the group network of Venkateshwara Hatcheries Group. They offer different c o u r s e s n a m e l y B a s i c Po u l t r y Management Course for beginners (16 weeks), orientation course for poultry farmers (8 weeks) Advance Poultry Management Course for entrepreneurs or owners (48 weeks), specialized course (4 weeks) and second generation entrepreneur course (8 weeks). IPMT offers lot of facilities namely, broiler farms, layer farms, feed processing section, supporting the training. IPMT has ďŹ eld visits and handson experience in their breeding farms, processing units, Labs etc. They have a placement cell for trainees / entrepreneurs to be employed. IPMT can be reached at: www.venkys.com/ipmt . Dr. K. Gajendran, along with Dr. Kumaran briefed the activities of Suguna Institute of Poultr y Management located at Udumalpet

near Coimbatore which was established in 2012. This Institute offers B.Sc., Poultry Science, a three years degree programme (6 semesters), Diploma in Commercial Broiler Production, one year (2 semesters), Diploma in Poultry Health one year (2 semesters). They have tie-up with Alagappa University, Coimbatore. They instructional forms for broilers, layers, breeders and instructional units, feed mills, processing plants etc for the students. Their curriculum is designed to have 60% practicals and 40% theory with an objective to create expert manpower. They can be reached at www.sugunainstitute.com . They offer courses for the students across pan India. Dr. Girish Varma, Dean, CASM, Tiruvazamkunnu, near Palakkad, Kerala which was established in 2015, they offer B.Sc., Poultry Production and Management. They have 6 depar tments in the college. The campus is located at a backdrop of western ghats with lots of green atmosphere. The students can have practical exposure at various units of broiler, layer, duck unit, quail unit etc. The students are well groomed for Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

ni.oc.eixip.www

ICAR-CARI

ICAR-DPR

NaaVic

communication skills, business skills, leadership qualities during the studies. The college also offers international programmes in collaboration with ICAR and ASCI. They can be reached at www.kvasu.ac.in/college .

southern states. CPDO&TI has taken a new initiative post COVID to organize online training programmes namely, Entrepreneurship in poulty Awareness Week (EPAW), Entrepreneurs Day (ED) and Online Discussion Forum (ODF) for the beneﬁt of trainees across the country. The programme is conducted live in zoom and youtube channel of CPDO&TI along with recordings available in facebook and on youtube. CPDO&TI can be reached at www.cpdoti.org

respectively. They can be reached at www.nivedi.res.in

Dr. Shamsudeen along with Dr. Raj Manohar presented about the College of Poultry Production & Management located at Hosur, Tamilnadu, which was established during 2011 offering undergraduate programme (B. Tech) in poultry technology of 4 years duration and PG M.Tech (2 years) which was started in 2019-20. The mandate of the college is to produce technocrats with sound skills in poultry management, processing and technology. They can be reached at www.tanuvas.ac.in/cppmhosur . Concludingly, Dr. Mahesh P.S., Joint Commissioner & Director, CPDO&TI presented about facilities of production and training at CPDO&TI. He elaborated that the campus is the largest in the country in government sector with 100 acres spreadout area established during 1972. Poultry unit with 12 sheds automated, Duck unit and Turkey unit are established with high standards of biosecutiry. The training institute offers various short term (one week), long term (6 weeks) programmes for the trainees across India and foreign nationals. Apart from this CPDO&TI conducts entrepreneurs programs in collaboration with Veterinar y Colleges, KVKs in the 34

D r. M a h e s h P. S . b r i e f e d a b o u t opportunities for the poultry startups at NAAVIC, the agri-incubation centre established at National Institute of Veterinar y Epidemiology and D i s e a s e I n ve s t i g a t i o n ( N I V E D I ) , Bengaluru offering grant-in-aid upto 5 lakhs and 25 lakhs for the idea at preseed stage and seed stage funding

Sri. Anwar Basha, Senior faculty of CPDO&TI executed the job of admin of conducting Discussion Forum very effectively. The other team members of CPDO&TI worked hard in making this programme successful. The entire programme was live broadcasted on C P D O & T I Yo u t u b e : C P D O & T I TRAINING for the ﬁrst time. All the recordings of panelist and speakers are uploaded on the same day as a ready reference in the facebook and Youtube channels. All these recordings are uploaded on our Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/cpdoti.ban galore and ofﬁcial Youtube channel CPDO&TI TRAINING. All are requested to subscribe the channel.

Panelists Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

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Release

IAAVR and INFAH Collaborate to Promote Judicious and Prudent Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Health World Health Organisation (WHO) in collaboration with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) as Tripartite Executive Committee agreed to organise World Antimicrobial Awareness Week (WAAW) during 18-24thNovember’2020 and onwards every year.

Indian Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Research (IAAVR) and Indian Federation of Animal Health Companies (INFAH) commemorated WAAW’ 2020 by hosting a webinar on ‘Working Together to Tackle Antimicrobial Residence’on 24th November ’ 2020. The webinar was participated by more than 250 Veterinarians and Veterinary stakeholders deliberating on the antimicrobials use and managing antimicrobial resistance better in animal h e a l t h c a re s e g m e n t . T h e webinar was also supported by Federation of Asian Veterinary Associations (FAVA) and posted by One Health initiative team on the OHI website and in One health news as well.

and Dr Nitin Bhatia, Indian Federation of Animal Health Companies ( INFAH) . The presentations highlighted initiatives of ICMR, India’s plan to contain AMR, Antimicrobial usage in Animal healthcare in India, AMR in poultry sector and potential alternatives.The deliberations demystiﬁed the myths and highlighted the facts of antimicrobial usage as an economical burden on the farming community and its usage was only as per the

requirements and suggested need to work on diagnostic infrastructure to strengthen the animal health systems. The presentations were followed by panel discussions by experts viz.Dr Arun Atrey, Dr D K D e y, D r M a n o j K u m a r Pandey, Mr Satish Pasrija and Dr Sugata Hazra. The event was organised and moderated b y D r R i s h e n d r a Ve r m a , Founder Secretary, IAAVR and Mr Vijay Teng, President, INFAH.

The webinar had four speakers n a m e l y D r K a m i n i Wa l i a , Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR); Dr Jyoti Misri, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR); Dr A S Yadav, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute (CARI) 35

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News India's biggest poultry producer hits twomonth low due to bird flu outbreak

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poultry products from Kerala for 10 days. Indian soybean futures fell more than 1 percent on Thursday on fears demand for soymeal from the poultry industry could falter due to the bird flu outbreak.

State issues advisory for surveillance of poultry farms Jaipur: Amid a bird flu scare, authorities in Rajasthan have directed all the districts to prepare a list of poultry farms owners and create an online Shares of Venky, India's biggest poultry group through a mobile application to producer, dropped more than 4 percent keep tabs on any unusual death of on 7 January to their lowest level in two domestic poultry birds. months after outbreaks of bird flu were For the same, animal husbandr y reported. minister Lal Chand Kataria took a video Reuters reports that avian influenza conference meeting of all the poultry outbreaks have been reported in four farms owners in the state. As per the animal husbandry records, there are Indian states. approximately 2,540 poultry farms in all Venky's shares fell for the fourth straight day on Thursday and were the districts of Rajasthan. trading at 1,515.95 rupees, down 2.85 An advisor y has been issued for percent, after hitting a low of 1495.10 surveillance of commercial poultry farms to find any unusual mortality in rupees earlier in the day. b i rd s . A n of f i c i a l s a i d , “ Ta k i n g Shares of Venky, India's biggest poultry precautionary measures, directions producer, dropped more than 4 percent on 7 January to their lowest level in two have been issued to all the poultry farm months after outbreaks of bird flu were owners to report it on mobile group in case of death. The district reported. administration officials including Reuters reports that avian influenza veterinary officers will also be present in outbreaks have been reported in four the group. In case any 'unusual Indian states. mortality' in poultry birds is found, Venky's shares fell for the fourth samples will be sent to the Laboratory straight day on Thursday and were to a s c e r t a i n t h e c a u s e . Po u l t r y trading at 1,515.95 rupees, down 2.85 operators were instructed to strictly percent, after hitting a low of 1495.10 follow the guideline issued by the rupees earlier in the day. government.” As per the report on Avian influenza, also known as bird flu, Wednesday, a total of 410 birds have was reported in the states of Madhya died in 21 districts of the state. The Pradesh, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh highest 297 deaths were reported in and Kerala, the federal government said crows. Carcasses of six peacocks, 50 cuckoos and 41 other birds were also in a statement. recovered. Kerala has started culling chickens and ducks to contain the virus, while In the official report, deaths of 50 birds Madhya Pradesh has banned imports of in poultry farms situated in Kota and 36

Bundi was mentioned. However, officials claimed figures are faulty. Director, animal husbandry, Virendra Singh said, “The staff has sent a combined figure of one week. Mortality of one or two birds are reported at poultry farms, which is normal. The flu has not been reported at poultry so far, but administration has started the preventive exercises.” In Rajasthan total 1,458 birds have died in 28 cities till date. Of which, in four districts Jaipur, Kota, Jhalawar and Baran, avian influenza virus has been confirmed, reports have also been received from the National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Bhopal. In three districts Jaipur, Kota and Baran, H5N8 subtype of Influenza A virus was reported in samples of dead birds on Tuesday. Earlier on December 31, for the firsttime dead crows were tested positive for the H5 avian influenza virus in Jhalawar

4 lakh chickens died in Haryana poultry farms in one month; Glanders detected in horses

Chandigarh: At a time when avian influenza has been detected in several states, over four lakh chickens have died in Haryana in the last month, JP Dalal, Animal Husbandr y and Dair ying Fisheries minister of Haryana said on Saturday. Samples from two poultry farms in Haryana have tested positive for H5N8 (Bird Flu), Dalal said. He added that Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

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as per the guidelines, all birds within a 1 km radius of where the birds tested positive will be culled and buried. "Over 4 lakh chickens have died here in the past month. We sent samples to the Northern Regional Disease Diagnostic laboratory in Jalandhar. Samples from different poultry farms were also sent to Bhopal. Two of these were found positive for H5N8," Dalal said. He said that about 1.60 lakh birds in five nearby farms would be culled and Rs 90 per bird will be given as compensation to the owners. Workers at the farms will be monitored and anti-viral tablets will be given to them.

BMPA warns that the UK risks food shortages if food factory workers are not prioritised for COVID-19 vaccine

hearing widespread reports of rapidly rising absences in the food supply chain. In some cases, notably in the supermarket sector, companies are seeing a tripling of staff having to take time off work through illness or enforced self-isolation”. Given the specialised nature of the meat processing industry, if absences

The minister said that another disease, glanders, has been confirmed in horses in Ambala. "All the mules, donkey and horses in the area have been barred from exiting the area," he said. Earlier on Friday, the Centre requested states and Union Territories (UTs) to raise awareness regarding the safety of poultry or poultry products and has also issued appropriate advisories to restore consumer confidence affected by rumours. These six states include Kerala, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Har yana, and Gujarat. In Lucknow, authorities of the Zoological Garden increased bird monitoring after the Kanpur Zoological Park confirmed the death of four birds. Their samples have been sent to the Animal Disease laboratory of Bhopal under high security. Authorities at the Okhla Bird Sanctuary, Dhanuri wetland and Surajpur wetland in the national capital are on high alert and have given precautionary warnings and protocols to the staff members. Meanwhile, the Punjab Government has declared the whole state a 'controlled area' and imposed a complete ban on the import of l i ve b i rd s i n c l u d i n g p o u l t r y. Unprocessed poultry meat has been banned into the state till January 15. As many as 35 crows were also found dead and samples were collected to test for bird flu. 37

The British Meat Processors Association warns that the UK Government's failure to prioritise food processing workers for the corona virus vaccine puts the country's food supply at risk. T h e B M PA i s a g a i n c a l l i n g o n Government to follow the example of America's Centre for Disease Control as well as World Health Organisation guidance, and place frontline workers in meat factories on the list of early vaccine recipients. The risk of more rapid spread of the virus amongst key workers, coupled with expected disruption of food supplies at our ports as the full effects of Brexit begin to unfold, pose a severe challenge to the industry and to the smooth running of the nation's food supply chain. Nick Allen, CEO of BMPA explains: “As the new coronavirus variant takes hold across the whole of the UK, we are

go above a certain level, it becomes impossible for a plant to continue operations. If this starts happening plants would be forced to close entirely and a sizeable chunk of food supply would disappear from supermarket shelves. Nick Allen added: “None of our members have reached that point to date, largely due to the significant investment they have made to implement extra health and safety measures to keep their staff safe. But the warning signs are there. “We are therefore calling on Government to include meat factory workers in the initial roll-out of vaccinations. This would provide much needed protection and comfort to this at-risk group and the communities in which they live as well as ensuring that the critical food supply chain continues to run smoothly". Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

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Germany set to cull 62,000 poultry after detecting more bird flu cases

China's Dicos to feature plant-based egg from US firm Eat Just

the COVID-19 pandemic had renewed concerns about domestic food safety in China. "There is more awareness in China on safety, on clean protein and protein free of antibiotics," said Tetrick. He said his

About 62,000 turkeys and ducks will be slaughtered after bird flu was found on more poultry farms in Germany. Reuters reports that about 62,000 turkeys and ducks will be slaughtered after bird flu was found on more poultry farms in Germany, a u t h o r i t i e s s a i d o n Tu e s d a y 5 January. Type H5N8 bird flu was confirmed in t w o f a r m s i n t h e C l o p p e n b u rg region in the nor thern state of Lower Saxony, the Cloppenburg local government authority said. Cloppenburg is one of Germany's leading poultr y production areas. A series of outbreaks of bird flu have been reported in Europe in past weeks, with wild birds suspected to be spreading the disease. Outbreaks have been reported in countries including France and Britain, along with cases found elsewhere in Germany. Risk to humans from the disease is considered low, but past outbreaks among farm birds have n e e d e d e x te n s i v e s l a u g h te r i n g programmes to contain the virus. 38

US start-up Eat Just Inc said on 6 January that Dicos, one of China's largest fast food chains, has added Eat Just's plant-based egg product to menus at more than 500 outlets across China. Reuters reports that Dicos will replace its conventional egg patty in items like breakfast burgers and bagels with the US firm's â&#x20AC;&#x153;Just Eggâ&#x20AC;? - made from mung beans - at restaurants in cities including Beijing and Shanghai, Eat Just's cofounder and Chief Executive Officer Josh Tetrick told Reuters in a telephone interview. Though still a tiny business compared to China's giant animal-based supply chain, vegetarian alternatives to meat, dairy and seafood are rapidly gaining in popularity.

company was in talks with other Chinese restaurant chains to supply Just Egg. Dicos confirmed its cooperation with Eat Just on social media platform Weibo on Wednesday, stating it was "an innovative new food that helped to support sustainable development for humanity in future". Dicos launched vegan chicken burgers and nuggets in October last year. Brands like Starbucks Corp, KFC, Beyond Meat Inc , and Oatly rolled out plant based food and beverage offerings in China last year, in an aim to pull in more curious and environmentally conscious diners.

Euromonitor International, a market research provider, predicted China's meat substitutes market would be worth $12.3 billion by 2025 up from $10.8 billion in 2020.

Foster Farms under pressure after multiple COVID-19 deaths at California plants

Tetrick didn't disclose financial terms of Eat Just's deal with Dicos, but he said

Chicken processor Foster Farms is facing scrutiny after three workers at its Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

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culled. Researchers believe that the current outbreak originated in wild birds, and is being spread to captive birds as the wild birds migrate for the winter season. Denmark's outbreak has seen multiple poultry culls and export bans, which could damage the country's poultry industry.

Congratulations Dr. Yogesh!!!! Cherry Avenue plant in Fresno and nine workers at its Livingston plant in Merced county have died of COVID-19.

open. Nanyonjo-Kemp told CBS News that the federal agency was trying to intimidate her.

According to repor ting in CBS News, a state court has recently ordered Foster Farms to provide employees with face masks and take additional precautions against the novel coronavirus. The company says that it implemented a “c o m p re h e n s i v e te s t i n g programme across all of its California facilities” in August and that it is following CDC advice on preventing the spread of the disease.

“We refused to be intimidated,” she said.

However, the recent COVID-19 death of an employee has brought accusations that the company is prioritising production and output over employee safety. CBS reports that when county health officials inspected the Livingston plant in the autumn, they told Foster Farms that they had too many staff members on the production floor. Merced County's public health department director, Rebecca Nanyonjo-Kemp, also said that the company's universal testing was not sufficient. When Nanyonjo-Kemp ordered the plant to temporarily close in August of 2020 due to a cluster of coronavirus cases, she suddenly faced pressure from federal agencies to keep the plant 39

H5N8 bird flu continues to spread in Denmark

9,000 birds will be culled after a recent outbreak of H5N8 avian influenza in Denmark's Jutland peninsula. According to reporting from the Anadol u Agency, ani m al heal th authorities in Denmark detected the bird flu outbreak on 1 January as part of the country's farm surveillance efforts. Around 9,000 birds will be culled to prevent the spread of the virus. Animal health authorities are asking poultry farmers and bird keepers to adhere to strict biosecurity measures and to prevent contact between domestic birds and wild birds. Avian influenza has been spreading through Europe and Asia in recent weeks, causing millions of birds to be

Dr. Yogesh Paharia was awarded for “Innovative &Scitific formulations” for his contribution towards development of scientific and innovative products for Poultry and Animal Healthcare during annual meeting held at Novotel, Ahmedabad. This award was felicitated by the hand of Mr. Ravindra Pulanur (COO, IRMEPL), Mr. Sanjay Sinha (CFO, IRMEPL), Mrs Parul Shah (SCM Head), Mr. Pawan Gaba (SBU Head, CPL VetNova) & Mr. Shashank Sharma (Marketing Head, CPL VetNova). Dr. Yogesh has done M.V.Sc. in Poultry Nutrition and has 17 years of experience in formulations and poultry management. He has expertise in poultry nutrition. During last 4 years of service in CPL VetNova, he has developed numbers innovative products and provided services to poultry farmers. During the award acceptance speech, he mentioned this award belongs to his team & dedicated this award to his mother Entire CPL VetNova and IRM Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. family congratulated Dr. Yogesh for his wonderful achievement and hoping for the progressive contribution in future. Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

Egg Prices

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EGG Daily and Monthly Prices of December 2020

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.01 | January - 2021

Poultry Planner_January_2021

Articles inside

News

IAAVR and INFAH Collaborate to Promote Judicious and Prudent Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Health

Online Discussion Forum (ODF)–of Pan India Poultry Training / Education Facilities Organised

Organic Poultry Farming in India

Management of Growing Chicken

Bacteriophages History and Evaluation

How To Do Poultry Farming in Winter ?

Temperature Control for Optimising Chick Health

Current Trends of Value-Added Poultry Products