Poultry Planner_April_2021 by Poultry Planner

APRIL 2021

MONTHLY BILINGUAL

R.N.I. 71668/1999

Title Code HARBIL00563

VOL. 23 | No. 04 | April - 2021

OUR TEAM Vishal Rai Gupta Managing Director vishal@pixie.co.in Bhavana Gupta Editor-in-Chief editor.pcsl@gmail.com Siddhi Gupta Co-Editor Sajjad Mahdi Business Executive poultry.pcsl@gmail.com M: 999 170 5005

HONORARY EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Mr. G.K. Rathinam Palani Tk, Dindugul Dist, Tamil Nadu Dr. J Tamizhkumaran M.VSc., PGDEP., Ph.D. (Ph. D in Veterinary & Animal Husbandry Extension Education) Mr. S.S Rathore (MVSc Poultry Science IBRI, Izatnagar) Dr. Manisha Singodia (MVSc Poultry Science, Jaipur) Dr. Annada Das (Ph. D Scholar, WBUAFS, Kolkata) Dr. M. Arul Prakash (MVSc Assistant Professor, Tanjore) Dr. B.L. Saini (Ph. D ICAR, Izatnangar) Dr. Bilawal Singh (MVSc, Assistant Professor Ludhiana)

Improvements to poultry housing systems in developing countries have focused on providing an environment that satisfies the birds’ thermal requirements. The environment provided to poultry flocks has a great bearing on flock performance and profitability. The basic environment consists of feed, lighting, air (temperature, humidity, pathogen concentration and ammonia), water, and litter quality. Birds are homoeothermic. The internal body temperature in the adult chicken the variability is between 105°F and 107°F (40.6° and 41.7°C). The body temperature of a newly hatched chick is about103.5°F (39.7°C), and increases daily until it reaches a stable level at about three weeks of age. Birds have feathers that help them regulate their body temperature. Their air sacs allow inhaled air(usually cooler than body temperature) to reach deep into the abdominal capacity so when the bird exhales heat is removed from the body. Birds do not have sweat glands. Birds use a panting mechanism during hot weather to evaporate water from its throat, thus reducing body temperature. The poultry thermal comfort zone, or thermoneutrality, depends on species and age, with younger birds responding better to warmer temperatures. Poultry feed conversion deteriorates when temperatures are outside the recommended comfort zone. Bird produces heat that must be lost to the environment to maintain constant body temperatures. The modern trend of environment control houses (ECH) in poultry production has brought a great revolution in poultry industry in the recent years. This has solved a great hurdle of heat stress in the way economical commercial poultry production. The ECH with evaporative cooling system, providing tunnel ventilation, giving the wind chill effect has markedly improved the broiler production system.

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Editorial Policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily held by the editors. Registered as Newspaper by Registrar of Newspaper for India : RNI No. 71668/1999, Tittle Code HARBIL00563 Editorial & Advertisement may not be reproduced without the written consent of the publishers. Whilst every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of Poultry Planner the publishers do not accept any responsibility or liability for the material herein. Publication of news, views of information is in the interest of positive poultry industrial development in India. It does not imply publisher’s endorsement. Unpublished material of industrial interest, not submitted elsewhere, is invited. The submitted material will not be returned. Publisher, Printer Mrs. Bhavana Gupta on behalf of Pixie Publication India (P) Ltd. Karnal Printed at Jaiswal Printing Press, Railway Road, Karnal Published at : C/o OmAng Hotel, Namaste Chowk, Near Janta Petrol Pump, KARNAL - 132001 (Haryana) INDIA Editor-in-Chief : Mrs. Bhavana Gupta All Legal matters are subject to karnal jurisdiction

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Articles... Production and Metabolic Diseases of Poultry Dr. Prachurya Biswal

Dietary sodium diformate (Acidomix DF +) improves growth performance and nutrient ... Dr. Parag P Mahadik Brooding Management in Commercial Broilers Zulfqarul Haq

Science of Hydration in Poultry Dr. Yogesh Paharia

tSfod eqxÊ ikyu dh voèkkj.kk Dr. Oshin

THERE ARE NO LIMITS TO WHAT YOU CAN ACCOMPLISH, EXCEPT THE LIMITS YOU PLACE ON YOUR OWN THINKING. BRIAN TRACY

Press Release Online Discussion Forum (ODF)–of Poultry Feeding Trends Organised By Cpdo&ti, Bengaluru On 27th March, 2021

CLFMA Daily Newsletter

Peter Fisher Named New President, Aviagen Asia

Karnataka Poultry Farmers & Breeders Association (KPFBA) Abhivandanam Programme

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

Article

Production and Metabolic Diseases of Poultry Dr Prachurya Biswal1*, Dr PK Bharti2, Dr Bibhudatta S. Panda3, K.R. Harini1, K.R. Sriranga4 1* 3

PhD Scholar, LPM Division, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, UP, Scientist, LPM Division, ICAR- MGIFRI, Motihari, Bihar 4

PhD Scholar, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, PhD Scholar, LPM Section, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal 1*

Abstract

(a) Management defects

Some disorders with a failure in one of the body hormone or enzyme systems occur in poultry, as well as other important conditions such as increased metabolism, rapid growth or high egg production that result in the failure of a body system because of the increased work-load on an organ or system. These make up the largest group of poultry diseases classiﬁed as metabolic disorders and cause more economic loss than infectious agents and remains a major welfare concern. In addition, conditions such as osteoporosis and hypocalcaemia in table-egg chickens reduce egg production and can cause death of the birds.

(b) Nutritional deﬁciency or excess

Introduction Metabolic disorders may be classified as illness associated with a failure in one of the body hormone or enzyme systems, storage disease related to lack of metabolism of secretory products because of the lack of production of a specific enzyme or the failure or reduced activity of some metabolic function. There are numerous genetic, metabolic disorders in poultry which will be described below. 1. Metabolic disorders that result from an increase production, deficiency or failure in the synthesis, transport of an enzyme and hormone. 2. Metabolic disorders that result from high nutrient intake, rapid growth, high metabolic rate, pulmonary or systemic hypertension, and high egg production or a rapid increase in egg production. 3. Other conditions that could be classed as metabolic disorders related to:

(c) Infectious agents (d) Toxins Metabolic disorders due to failure of enzyme, hormone production or secretory mechanism 1. Fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS) in broilers FLKS is a biotin deﬁciency related metabolic disease in broiler chicks, which occurs generally in 2–3 weeks of age birds, resulting in impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis, sometimes increased fat deposition. Birds die from hypoglycaemia. The condition usually occurs suddenly, as an outbreak , associated with some management, feed or environmental changes. Affected broilers are usually well grown. Clinical signs include aphagia, lethargy and

Fig. 1: FLKS in poultry

weakness with uncoordinated behaviour and head movement. The chicks may lie on their breast with their neck and legs extended. Mortality rate can vary from 5% to 35%. At necropsy the liver and kidneys are markedly enlarged, pale and fatty. Adequate dietary biotin will prevent FLKS in broilers. 2. Fatty liver and hepatic steatosis in laying hens Hepatic steatosis, usually described as

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E mail: prachuryabiswalvet@gmail.com

fatty liver syndrome, occurs as the result of feeding a low protein, high calorie ration to hens that are not laying enough eggs(As they don't require high energy). It is frequently confused with fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS), but these two conditions are different Hepatic steatosis causes a drop in egg production as hens become increasingly obese, but little increase in m or tal i ty, whe re as F LH S cau s e s increased mortality with little drop in egg production. Since affected hens die from hypovolaemic shock because of liver haemorrhage and hens that die are in full production. Some of the fat in the liver in FLHS, which may result in increased fragility and rupture of the liver may be the result of high requirement for lipid in the egg yolk of hens in high production. 3. F a t t y l i v e r - h a e m o r r h a g i c syndrome Fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome occurs in commercial layers in high production and is frequently the major cause of death in healthy ﬂocks causing up to 5% mortality during the laying cycle. Haemorrhage occurs from a ruptured liver. The liver capsule frequently ruptures as well so that a large blood clot is found in the hepatoperitoneal sac of the affected lobe. The liver in high production hens is fragile because of the large amount of lipid present to supply lipid for the developing ova. Rupture and death frequently occur during the increased abdominal pressure of egg-laying. If the liver capsule does not rupture the hen may survive and a large haematoma remains in the liver. These hens may cease production, at least temporarily.

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Metabolic diseases due to rapid growth, high nutrient intake

name given to death in healthy, fastgrowing, commercial broilers that die suddenly. SDS occurs in all countries where broilers are grown rapidly under intensive conditions. In healthy flocks it is the most frequent cause of death with up to 4% mortality in some flocks. Young, healthy, fast-growing boiler chickens die suddenly while standing, walking, sparring or feeding. There are no diagnostic lesions in broilers that have died from SDS, but the sudden death in a previously healthy broiler would suggest that death is the result of ventricular fibrillation. There is a specific association with feed intake. SDS can be prevented completely by restricting feed intake to 75% of what would be eaten free-choice.

1. Ascites

3. Atherosclerosis

Ascites is not a disease; it is a sign or lesion that may result from some physiological changes which cause an increased production or decreased removal of peritoneal lymph. Ascites may be associated with obstruction of lymph drainage or it may result from decreased plasma oncotic pressure, as occurs in anaemia or hypoproteinaemia. Ascites or oedema may result from fluid leakage secondary to i n c re a s e d va s c u l a r p e rm e a b i l i t y following oxidative or chemical damage. At post-mortem the fluid and fibrin is found primarily in the two ventral hepato-peritoneal spaces. Live birds may present with a swollen abdomen and respiratory distress.

Atherosclerotic lesions are reported in the blood vessels of a variety of birds and are most frequently found in the aorta. Atherosclerotic lesions have been associated with systemic hypertension. The severity of the lesions of atherosclerosis in birds is inﬂuenced by diet and induced by chemicals, drugs, hormones, hyperlipaemia, and hypercholesterolaemia.

Fig.1: FLHS in poultry

High levels of plasma oestradiol increase the risk of FLHS and hens in high production have high levels of oestradiol. Rapeseed meal in the ration increases the incidence of FLHS because erucic acid or other toxic products affect the strength of the connective tissue in the liver.

In domestic chickens and turkeys, plaques in the tunica intima develop as early as four weeks of age. These early plaques consist mainly of collagen and connective tissue. In older birds, foamy cells, extra-cellular lipid, cholesterol, and mineralisation become marked in the plaques, which then can be considered true atheromas Musculoskeletal disease in meattype poultry

Fig. 3: Ascites in poultry

2. Sudden death syndrome/ acute death syndrome/ dead in good condition/ heart attack/ ﬂip over disease Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is the

Most of the non-infectious causes of lameness and leg deformities that affect broiler chickens are related to rapid growth and can therefore be considered as metabolic bone disease. Lameness is most prominent in rapidly growing males. Broiler chickens have short, thick bones. Rapid growth in these bones results in a wide, thick growth plate that models bones with inadequate strength u n d e r t h e g ro w t h p l a te , i n t h e

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metaphysis. Many skeletal lesions are the result of abnormalities in bone modelling. Rapid growth results in tendon and bone that may not have sufficient strength to support the weight of heavy broilers. This may result in painful tearing of tissue, ruptured gastrocnemius tendon and separation of the proximal femoral epiphysis. Metabolic disorders associated with egg production 1. S u d d e n d e a t h s y n d ro m e of broiler breeders Layers and broiler breeder hens may die suddenly from hypocalcaemia while shell formation of an egg. In most cases these hens have already withdrawn much of the calcium from their bones and their bones are osteoporotic. The heart lesions that have been described are probably related to the hypokalaemia. 2. Osteoporosis Osteoporosis in laying hens is a condition that involves the progressive loss of bone during the laying period. Layers in high production may become Ca depleted and develop osteo-porosis. This may be because of inability to metabolize sufficient Ca or because of inadequate dietary Ca, vitamin D3 or P. When hens come into production they stop producing skeletal bone and only produce medullary bone. If medullary bone is depleted by egg shell formation and Ca is not available from the diet, the hen then starts to withdraw Ca from cortical bone. Skeletal fracture is a frequent cause of death in high production strains of layers. Phosphorus deficiency-induced osteoporosis in high producing cage layers is called cage layer fatigue. Phosphorus is required to rebuild medullary bone since both Ca and P are withdrawn. Vitamin D3 deficiency will result in osteoporosis in laying hens because it affects Ca metabolism. It is usually seen as a flock problem and may be accompanied by poor shell quality. 3. Hypocalcaemia Hens may become paralysed or die

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

from acute hypocalcaemia while shelling an egg. Healthy hens, in full production, found dead with a shelled or partly shelled egg in the shell gland. They may be diagnosed as ''eggbound''. To diagnose this condition cut across the femur, with scissors, at the mid-point. The femur will be fragile and there will be little or no medullary bone in hens that have died from hypocalcaemia. Prevention of osteoporosis and hypocalcaemia In most ﬂocks osteoporosis is the result of the high production. To prevent osteoporosis, without reducing production, hens must absorb enough Ca from the digestive tract to provide for daily egg-shell formation. Egg-shell formation requires that 2 g of Ca be put in each shell over an 18–20 h period every 24 h. At the peak of egg shell production, the hen is removing all of the Ca in her total pool of circulation. This Ca must be replaced or the hen will die. Since the most intense shell production occurs during the dark period, it is important that enough easily available Ca is available to be absorbed from the digestive tract while the shell is being formed. Large-particle size Ca that is retained in the gizzard and which is slowly dissolved by stomach acid will h e l p p re v e n t o s t e o p o ro s i s a n d hypocalcaemia. Managemental defects 1. Cold The effect of cold on metabolism a f f e c t s a l l a g e s o f p o u l t r y. Environmental temperature either below or above the comfort zone causes discomfort. The lethal low body temperature is 600 F (15.50 C) on day of hatch and 720 F (22.20 C) in mature chicken. Young birds cannot control their body temperature for the ﬁrst few days of life and do become hypothermic when they are cold. Their metabolism slows; they crowd together and are inactive. Young birds that are hypothermic may not move to feed or water and

they die from dehydration and starvation. Older birds that are cold appear dull and uncomfortable. They may shiver. Cold induces a 'stress effect' that can be increased by increase in air velocity. 2. Heat High temperature is stressful for poultry and frequently causes death from hyperthermia. High temperature also affects the developing embryo, as it does in mammals, causing abnormalities or death. Hyperthermia may occur in the incubator, hatchery, during transfer to the farm, in the pen or during transportation to processing. The effect of ambient temperature on body temperature varies with body heat production that is directly related to body mass and feed intake. Lethality is determined by internal body temperature. The lethal high body temperature is 1160 F for chicks and 1170 F for adult birds. Body heat production increases with food intake because of increased metabolism (feed-induced thermogenesis). Protein increases metabolism more than carbohydrate or fat and protein from animal sources increases metabolism more than plant protein. Millions of heavy birds die each year from hyperthermia usually b e c a u s e of h i g h e n v i ro n m e n t a l temperature. Death from hyperthermia does not leave diagnostic lesions. Dead birds are usually found on their breast and may be in less well-ventilated parts of the pen. They are in good body condition and the intestine may contain ﬂuid content. Heat also increases water loss and can result in death from dehydration in young chicks. Correcting the acid–base balance may be helpful in preventing mortality. Prevention of hyperthermia is based mainly on ventilation and evaporation techniques that cool the pen and birds and removal of feed early in the day to reduce metabolic heat production and vitamin C may also be beneﬁcial.

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Fig. 4: Response to heat stress in a poultry bird 3. Dehydration and starvation The number of hatched chicks and poults that die because of failure to eat or drink varies from 0.5% to 1.5% depending on hatcher y and farm management conditions. Much higher mortality has been reported if delivery to the farm is delayed and in broilers, the surviving chicks appear to have a reduced metabolic rate since they do not grow as well as chicks that start to eat within 12–24 h of hatch. Ketosis results in anorexia in some species and ketosis could be the reason for failure to eat in these chicks that are in negative energy balance. Chicks that die of dehydration or starvation do not usually show other signs of illness and usually die before the ﬁfth day. Affected chicks are often the smaller birds. Small birds hatch from the smaller eggs and smaller eggs lose more moisture during incubation and hatch earlier than larger eggs. 4. Light Broilers are frequently grown on 23–24 h of daily light that reduces normal melatonin production. A normal light/dark cycle will increase melatonin production and improves broiler health and well-being as well as energy metabolism and immune function. Eye health may be affected by continuous dark or light cycles. Conclusions As poultry birds are suffering from different type of metabolic and managemental diseases during their course of life, proper care should be taken from day old stage. This will enhance the wellbeing of birds as well as resolve the welfare issues related to birds. r

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

Article

Dietary sodium diformate (Acidomix DF +) improves growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers against negative and positive controls

For Further information Please contact: Dr. Parag P Mahadik - 09421691240 Venkys india Ltd – Venkateshwara House, S. No. 114/A/2, Sinhagad Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411030

Christian Luckstadt and Stevan Petrovic Broiler growth rate and feed efﬁciency are key to economic performance through to market. Dietary formic acid and its salts act against pathogens, helping to decrease pressure on the immune system and improving nutrient digestibility. Previous studies on the antimicrobial impact of organic acids and their salts, including sodium diformate (Acidomix DF +, Venkys), placed less emphasis on the impact in the GI-tract of birds. This formed the impetus for this study, which assessed the impact of the additive on pH-levels at different locations of the GItract and digestibility parameters. In a trial conducted at a research farm in Iran, 0.1% NDF was tested in a typical corn-soy diet, against both a negative (NC)

and positive control (PC) containing an antibiotic growth promoter (500 mg Trimethoprim‒Sulfadiazine per kg). 216 day-old broiler chicks (male Ross 308) were randomly selected into 3 treatment groups with 6 replicates of 12 birds each. Feed, in mash form, and water were available ad libitum throughout the 42-day trial period. The effects of dietary NDF on performance (body weight gain BWG, FCR, broiler index EBI), pH in the gizzard and ileum, Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and apparent ileal digestibility of protein and minerals were examined at the end of the trial. Data were analysed using the t-test and a confidence level of 95% defined for these analyses. Performance was boosted in the birds fed 0.1% NDF. Tr e a t e d b i r d s h a d a www.pixie.co.in

signiﬁcantly increased BWG against NC and PC respectively (2126 g vs. 2007 and 2006 g; P<0.05), while the FCR tended (P<0.1) to be improved (1.78 vs. 1.87 and 1.86). EBI was enhanced by almost 11% against both NC and PC. Utilization of nutrients was also signiﬁcantly improved in the NDF-fed broilers, especially for crude protein, crude ash, calcium and phosphorus. Calculated as PER, the usage of NDF led to an increase of protein utilization against both controls by more than 5%. This study demonstrates that including NDF in broiler diets is a sustainable tool for improved performance and nutrient utilization, thereby saving nutrient resources, even compared to an antibiotic growth promoter. r Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

Article

Brooding Management in Commercial Broilers Zulfqarul Haq1, Azmat Alam Khan1, Nazir Ahmed2 and M. Iqbal Yatoo1. 1 2

Division of Livestock Production and Management, F.V. Sc & AH, Shuhama

Directorate of Extension,Shalimar, SKUAST-Kashmir. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India

Introduction

3. Brooder guard

Brooding is a period immediately after the hatch when special care and attention is given to chicks to support their health and survival. A recently hatched chick has not yet developed their own mechanism to regulate its own body temperature hence, it cannot maintain its body temperature properly for the first weeks and it is subject to chilling in the winter season when extra heat is not provided from externally. Brooding is an art and science of rearing large number of baby chicks in the absence of a broody hen. A newly hatched chick has not developed the thermoregulatory mechanism fully and takes about two weeks to develop this mechanism and homeostasis. Therefore, they cannot maintain the body temperature properly for the first few weeks of life and may be subjected to chilling, if not properly taken care of. Hence, artificial brooding is mainly aimed at, providing the right temperature to the chicks. In addition to the temperature, adequate floor, feeder space, water space, relative humidity, ventilation and light should be provided for optimum comfort and growth of the chicks.

Heating source may be electrical, gases like natural gas, LPG and methane, liquid fuel like kerosene, solid fuel like coal, wood can be used as a heating material

Classification of brooding Brooding is classified into natural and artificial brooding. Natural brooding is done with the help of broody hens after hatching, up to 3 to 4 weeks of age. In artificial brooding large number of baby chicks are reared in the absence of broody hen. Equipments used for brooding are called brooders. Brooder comprises of three elements: 1. Heating source 2. Reflectors

Types of brooders The primary object for brooding is to provide the right temperature especially the temperature to the growing chicks. The different types of heat to the baby chicks will be following.

economical on a longer run, due to their durability and lesser power consumption. ii) Heater coils Heater coils of various watts capacities with thermostats reﬂector hoods and hanging chain are available for providing heat to chicks. These coils are more suitable for cold climates, because they give more heat. Separate tube lights have to be provided for lighting the house. iii) Gas brooder

iv) Kerosene stove

In places where natural gases or liqueﬁed petroleum gas is available at a cheaper rate and reliably, gas brooding can be practiced. With the help of a regulator or central control unit, the heat intensity can be regulated.

v) Charcoal stove

iv) Kerosene stove brooding

vi) Centralized heating system

Kerosene stove can be used to warm up the brooder houses. To dissipate the heat uniformly into the brooder house, a metal vessel or plate ﬁlled with sand or water may be place over the stove. This is suitable in places, where electricity failure is quite often.

I) Incandescent bulbs and other types of bulbs ii) Heater coil with thermostat iii) Gas brooder

vii) Battery brooder viii)Biogas brooder i) Bulb type brooder Different types of electrical bulbs, which will generate heat besides light will use. The most commonly used bulbs for brooding will be 100-200 watts incandescent bulbs. One to two watts capacity is used for each chick , depending on the outside temperature. Incandescent bulbs will burn out soon and has to be replaced periodically. Moreover, it needs higher electricity and may not be economical in places where the electricity charges are higher. Certain farmers use infra-red bulbs, spot lights, reﬂector bulbs and focus bulbs; which will generate more heat than incandescent bulbs. Even though these bulbs are costlier, they are

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v) Coal or charcoal brooding Instead of kerosene, coal, charcoal or lignite can be used as fuel for stoves. These stoves will not only gives better heat, but also found to be cheaper. Hence, it is more common in rural areas, where power failure is too frequent. vi) Centralized heating system This system of brooding is followed in environmentally controlled poultry houses; where the room temperature is maintained at an average of 32°C during ﬁrst week of age. This temperature will be gradually reduced Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

by 2-3°C every month until the room temperature or 18-20°C temperature is reached. vii) Battery brooder Multi-tier cage brooding is practiced here. Bulbs or heaters with thermostats are used to provide warmth to chicks in the battery cages. viii)Bio-gas brooders Cer tain forms will use the cage droppings and cow dungs to generate bio gas; which will be used to provide light and heat to the birds. Specially designed gas heater mantles are used to generate heat; which will be reﬂected towards the chicks; with the help of a polished metal reﬂector. Preparation of shed to receive the chicks After cleaning, washing and disinfecting the brooder house, close it until the arrival of chicks. Even the open sided may be closed with gunny to avoid dust and chillness to chicks. Brooder arrangement About 24 hours prior to the arrival of chicks, spread the litter material like rice husk, paddy husk, ground nut hulls, coir pith, sugarcane baggage, wood shavings, saw dusts, paper spreads etc. depending on the cost and local availability to about 5 cm (2 inch) thickness.Spread old newspaper over the litter to prevent baby chicks from eating the litter. Arrange the chick guards made up of either hard board or galvanized steel (iron) of about 40-45 cm height, in a circular fashion. The diameter of the brooder space varies from 1 to 2.5 meters depending on the number of chicks to be brooded. The height of the brooders or hovers shall be about one foot above the litter level at the start, slowly increase the height and remove the brooders, when the chicks are around 1-3 weeks of age, depending on the room temperature.

temperature. If incandescent bulbs are used, they will supply the required light also. Some brooders have heating elements with thermostats mechanism to regulate the temperature. If heating elements, coils or stove are used for heating, then incandescent or fluorescence lights have to be provided for the purpose of light. Recently brooder stove cum blowers are used which will gently blow hot air over the chicks reared under limited area brooding. Considerable saving in the fuel/electricity cost is claimed under this system. In battery (cage type) brooders, heating mantle coil or incandescent/infra-red bulbs are used for providing warmth to the chicks. The feeders and waterers under the brooders have to be arranged alternatively in a “cart-wheel spoke” like fashion. For baby chicks, during their first few weeks of life, feed may be given in shallow trays, chick box lids, card board box lids or even in new (or sanitized) egg filler flats, to encourage eating of feeds and discourage eating of litter. There should be free moving space all around the feeders and waterers; so that the feeders and waterers spaces will be fully utilized. Provide three 60-70 cm linear chick feeders and two chick waterers for each 100 baby chicks.Under cage (battery) brooding system, old newspaper, gunny or corrugated sheet may be spread over the cage floor. Initially, the feeders and waterers may be fixed inside the cages and later shift them outside to provide more space to the growing chicks. Before the arrival of chicks, check the whether the bulbs, heating system, automatic feeders and waterers are working properly. In case of cold climate switch on the heaters or

Brooder management Proper brooder management consists of maintaining the correct temperature, light, ventilation, space, feeding, watering etc. Of these, the temperature is the most important criterion. For knowing the correct temperature in the brooder, measure the temperature, with the help of a thermometer at birds head level (5-8 cm above the litter); above 20 cm away from the edge of the canopy. However, the correct gauge to determine the ideal temperature is , the sticks themselves. The room temperature of about 35°C has to be maintained during the ﬁrst week of age. This has to be gradually reduced by about 3°C every week until the room temperature or 18-20°C is reached. In tropics, the room temperature is invariably higher than 30°C and the mid-day temperature often exceeds 40°C during summer. Hence, in hot climates, the brooders have to switched off during day time. If the temperature and ventilation in the brooder are correct, the chicks will be freely moving and uniformly distributed under the brooder. If there is excess heat, the chicks will move away from the heating source and will be near the chick guards. If the heat is insufﬁcient, the chicks will huddle together under the heating source.If any chill or hot wind is blowing towards the brooder above the bearable limits of the chicks, the chicks will move towards the other end to avoid drafty winds. Therefore, based on the chicks position and movement, adjust the temperature and ventilation. To avoid excess drafts, use curtains. Height of hovers The height of the heating source at day old stage will be usually 15-30 cm above the litter level, depending on the outside temperature and the type of the heating source. But in case of gas brooders, where the heat is more, the initial height will be about 120 cm. As

The heat source may be canopy type hover brooders having 2-5 incandescent, infra red bulbs (60250watt capacity) with individual on-off switch for the bulbs to provide the right

bulbs 1 or 2 hours before arrival of chicks, so that the room temperature reaches 35°C.

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

the chicks grow older, the height of the heater or bulbs will be gradually increased and the number of bulbs gradually reduces, in order to reduce the temperature. For efficient utilization of heat, hovers or reflectors are provided to reflect the heat downwards, towards the chicks. Brooding space The ideal number of chicks under each brooder will be 250-300 chicks and shall never exceed 500 chicks. A minimum brooder space of 150 and 125 cm2have to be provided per chick brooder in deep litter and battery cages respectively upto two weeks of age. Important Points When the chicks are delivered, do not allow the delivery van into the farm premises. Take the delivery at the entrance itself. Keep boiled and cooked drinking water ready. Add 8 gm of glucose and 0.5-1gm of mild antibiotic o r a n t i ba c t e r i a l d r u g p e r l i t e r, electrolytes and vitamin mixture at the recommended dosage in water for the first day. Antibiotic and vitamins may be continued for 3-5 days. Keep medicated water in the waterer before leaving the chicks into the brooder arrangement. Brooder (Layer chicks) mash with 20% C.P. and 2600 Kcal/kg of Metabolizable energy has to be prepared and provided. Good quality, potable medicated water has to be provided in the waterers. Look for the health of the chicks at the time of delivery. Before receiving the chicks, the heat s o u rc e s h o u l d b e s w i tc h e d o n . Temperature required during the first week is 90-95°F (35°C), later reduce 3°C every week to reach a temperature of 75°F. Brooding period is very sensitive period particularly during the cold months or rainy seasons. Lighting for heating (brooding) has to be provided for 23.5 hours in a day for first 3 days, switching it off for only 30 minutes during day time. Later on lighting for heat may be given night only up to the end of 2nd or 3rd week, depending

upon the season. It may be restricted to one during peak summer and extended to three weeks during winter/rainy seasons. In such seasons, it is advisable to close the sides of the house with thick curtains during first week. Behavior of chicks As the chicks arrive, check whether the chicks are healthy, uniform weight within the suggested range of 32-35gm each. Count the chicks and moist the beak of the chick by dipping it in the water containing vitamins, electrolytes and/or antibiotic and place it gently into the brooder arrangement. Check t h a t t h e c h i c k s m o v e a c t i v e l y, scratching and taking feed and water. Return weak, inactive and unhealthy chicks with matted feathers at the back and the dead chicks and ask for the replacement. It is necessary to verify whether the warmth given is sufficient to the chicks. A thermometer kept at the bird level will indicate the temperature. However, more practical way of assessing the adequacy of warmth provided is by watching the distribution of chicks within the brooder guard management. If they crowd under or near the source of heat, then the warmth given is not sufficient. Then a bulb may be added to the hover or the height of the hover may be brought down. If the chicks have moved to the periphery and are reluctant to come to the center under heat source, then temperature in the environment is higher than required. In this condition, the hover may be pushed up or a bulb removed. If the chicks feel comfortable at a given temperature, they walk actively throughout the area unmindful of heat provided and some take rest setting their head down on the side, the posture being given the name as “hick comfort”. Thus the heat source should be placed at the right height at the center and the temperature has to be checked by obser ving the chick comfort zone.

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The newspaper is removed after 3 or 4 days and must be burnt.The chick or brooder guards are removed after a week or 10 days. The corners of the rooms have to be rounded off and the litter material spread out.As age advances, the initial chick feeders and waterers may be replaced with bigger ones to match the growth of the chicks. Conclusion Adjust the electric brooder for 24 hours before the arrival of chicks and adjust the temperature to 95°F (35°C) at the edge of the brooder 2 inches (5cm) above the litter during the ﬁrst week. Lower the temperature by 5°F (2.8°C) each week until it reaches 70°F. A temperature of 21°C appears to be ideal during growing period. Fresh air is required for well being and good health of chicks. Poor ventilation results in accumulation of carbon monoxide, ammonia and wet litter condition in brooder house. Concentration of carbon monoxide higher than 0.01 percent is p o i s o n o u s to c h i c k s . A m m o n i a irritates the eyes of chicks and retards growth. The level of ammonia should be less than 10 PPM. 23 hour photoperiod and one hour darkness in young stock is advantageous over the continuous lighting as the former allows maximum growth while giving the birds some experience of darkness so that they are less apt to panic during electricity failure. Light effect on growth rate is mainly due to the type of chick activity which has a bearing on their food intake induced by the period of lighting. Only three vaccines are required in for broiler rearing. Vaccination against Marek's Disease, New Castle Disease (Ranikhet) and Gumboro Disease are done. It helps in preventing pecking injuries and cannibalism among chicks. It is carried out day one and 6 weeks of age. Whenever incidence of cannibalism occur in ﬂock than debeaking operation should carried out with electric debeaking equipment. r

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

Article

Science of Hydration in Poultry Introduction Last year we experienced recordbreaking temperatures across the country. With the expected rise in g l o ba l te m p e r a t u re s t h o s e sweltering summer months could be beyond our current means of coping with the heat. Ever y summer we experience days when just spending a few minutes in a poultry house feels unbearable, and for many broilers reaching the end of the cycle it is – with mortality soaring. Thankfully the poultry industry has made a great deal of progress in the area of ventilation and cooling. Now we have technology to deal with temperatures in excess of 40oC has already been well tested. Poultry farmers can use daily mortality patterns throughout the ﬂock and visual appraisals to get a general idea of what's going on, but this is a very subjective measure of performance. However, there is a reliable way to accurately measure ﬂock per formance that you may already have or can gain access at relatively little expense. Monitoring water consumption on a daily basis has been shown to be a reliable measure of broiler performance. Chickens, in general, can cope with high temperatures. The domestic fowl has a healthy body temperature of between 40°C and 41.7oC, chicks under three

weeks of age being at the lower end. With the bird's metabolism being quite high, its ability to lose heat is imperative and it does this by radiation, conduction and the evaporation of water. Chicks, being small, have a high surface area in comparison to their body mass, which means heat is lost from the body relatively easily; as the bird increases in size this ratio changes, though, and for the hefty 3kg broiler radiation of heat via the skin is not going to be enough to keep its temperature down Are You Delivering Enough Water? Water is the most important nutrient consumed by an animal. A bird can survive several weeks without food, but only a few short days without water. Broilers drink a great deal of water. During its lifetime, a 5-pound (2.3-kg) broiler will consume (8.2-kg) of water, compared to approximately 3.6-3.9 kg (Lacy, 2002). Pesti and co-workers (1985) For example, a 10-day old bird will drink about approx. 60 ml water during a 24-hr period while a 60-day old bird will about 355 ml. While it is good to know how much water birds require, it is also important to be sure that water is delivered to your birds. Nearly every poultry farmer has houses with nipple watering systems and

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Dr. Yogesh Paharia B.V.Sc , M.V.Sc (Nutrition)

every poultry farmer should have one nipple per 10 to 12 birds at 5 weeks of age. However, we have recently found that nipples with low flow rates can decrease flock performance. They found that adequate flow rates (in ml/ minute) could be estimated by multiplying 7 ml time's bird age in weeks and adding 20. So, adequate nipple flow rates for 4-week old birds would be 7 x 4= 28 + 20 = 48 ml/min. Delivering More water than the birds need is not a problem, but delivering less can reduce performance. Water Consumption is correlated with Feed Consumption A critical fact that poultry farmers may not be aware of is that feed and water consumption are very closely related. In short, this means that when water consumption changes 98% of the time feed consumption changes. Because of this fact, if we accurately monitor daily water consumption, we can get a very good idea of daily feed consumption. We notice that when there is an increase or decrease in feed or water consumption, there is a c o r re s p o n d i n g i n c re a s e o r decrease in the other. We can use Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

this close correlation to our advantage when assessing ﬂock performance. If water intake is down on any given day, most likely feed intake is also down on that day. If water intake is up, feed intake is most likely up.

consumption using to make sure that you read at the same time each day. This procedure will assure that you have accurate 24hour consumption records. Pick a time to read that is convenient for you and stick to it.

We also Notice that on the days water intake is down, that day is usually followed by an up day. It is rare for water intake to be down two or more days in a row unless some type of problem is present. Perhaps the ﬂock is getting sick or you ran iodine or bleach that changed the taste of the water. Regardless, if you monitor water intake and it is down two or more days in a row, start looking for a problem because something most likely is wrong. You may wonder if this same feed and water consumption pattern holds true across time or over numerous ﬂocks and the answer is yes, but keep in mind that during summer months when hot weather is a constant challenge to attempts to keep birds cool, the ratio of water to feed will increase somewhat as birds drink additional water in to cool themselves.

Pe a k Wa t e r C o n s u m p t i o n Times and Amounts

Figure 1: Correlation of Broiler Feed and Water Intake*

Tips on Monitoring Water Consumption One important fact to remember when you monitor water 26

Some additional information that you may find useful is when, during the day, water consumption is at its peak. If the water pressure drop is great enough, it will be difficult to maintain an adequate supply of water to the birds and cooling systems, especially during times of peak demand. During the period from day 1327, peak demand was at the 8:00am However, from day 35 , birds received very little darkness at night and the peak demand time moved to the 9:00am and 10:00am readings. During the 1327 day period, the birds were thirsty at sunrise and drank before eating. Later on, during the day 35 days, birds were free to eat and drink most of the night and at sunrise, as light intensity increased, bird activity also increased but they tended to eat first and drink later. Wa te r c o n s u m p t i o n i n t h e afternoon hours, especially later in the flock, never approached morning usage amounts. Keep in mind, however, that even though water intake by the birds is less in the afternoon, during hot weather fogging and cool cell systems are putting added demands on well pumps and www.pixie.co.in

supply lines. Failure to provide adequate water supply can seriously reduce water ﬂow to the poultry house to the point that water intake by the birds will be restricted, and therefore, feed intake and growth rate will also be restricted. Research indicates that peak demand is in the morning, not the afternoon, even though you might think birds would drink the most during the hottest part of the day. Peak demand usually occurs shortly after sunrise or shortly after the lights come on if the lighting program has kept the birds in the dark several hours prior to sunrise. Summary Monitoring daily water consumption is a reliable measure of broiler per formance and is much less expensive. Feed and water consumption are very closely correlated so that if you know water intake you can closely estimate feed intake. Water measurement are fairly inexpensive and when used properly can be an excellent management tool. The key is to read the meter at the same time every day. Performance could be monitored on a daily basis or break ﬂocks into weeks and compare performance on a weekly basis. A weekly basis may be somewhat more advantageous because it will average out some of the variability that can occur on a day-to-day basis. Be aware of the peak water demand at your r farm . Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

Article

tSfod eqxÊ ikyu dh voèkkj.kk iksYVªh i'kq —f"k esa lcls vfèkd laxfBr {ks= gS] ftldh dher ,d yk[k djksM+ #i;s gSA Hkkjr] nqfu;k esa vaMksa ds rhljs lcls cMs mRiknd ¼phu vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds ckn½ vkSj cz‚;yj ds 5 osa lcls cM+s mRiknd ds :i esa jSad djrk gS ¼la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] phu] czkthy vkSj eSfDldks ds ckn½A fiNys 4&5 n'kdksa ds nkSjku iksYVªh dk mRiknu dkQh gn rd ;kstukdkjksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds –f"Vdks.k esa ,d ekSfyd ifjorZu ds dkj.k laHko FkkA vaMs vkSj fpdu dqN lky igys Þ—f"k mitÞ Fks] ysfdu vkt Þ[kk| inkFkZÞ gSaA mRiknu {kerk dks cuk, j[kus ds vykok] mRiknd dks iks"kd rRoksa] mldh mit dh feykoV vkSj nwf"kr inkFkkZs ij è;ku dsafær djuk iM+rk gSA lqjf{kr Hkkstu cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA fiNys ,d n'kd ls LokLF; tkx:drk vkSj miHkksäk dh çkFkfedrk c<+us ds dkj.k] nq f u;kHkj es a tS f od [ks r h fnu&çfrfnu c<+ r h xÃA tS f od [ks r h feêh&la;a=] ikSèks&i'kq vkSj i'kq&feêh dh varj fuHkZjrk dks cuk, j[krh gS vkSj LFkkuh; lalkèkuksa ij vkèkkfjr ,d LFkk;h —f"k ikfjfLFkfr dh ra= dk mRiknu djrh gS ¼fcjknj ,Vvy] 2011½A [ksr ij tSfod çcaèku dh 'kq#vkr vkSj [ksr vkSj mlds mRiknksa ds çek.ku ds chp le; varjky dks :ikarj.k vofèk ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA ;w ,l , esa tSfod ekal {ks= cgqr rsth ls c<+ jgk gS ftlesa eqxÊ dk ekal ¼fpdu ekal½ çeq[k gSA eqxÊ dk ekal vU; NksVs ekal dh rqyuk esa de mRiknu pØ vkSj de ykxr ds dkj.k lcls egRoiw.kZ tSfod ekal gSA Hkkjr dh iksYVªh vkcknh] 729-21 fefy;u ,d cM+h la[;k gS] tks fd ;g n'kkZrk gS fd fu;kZr cktkj esa tSfod [ksrh ds mRiknu ds fy, ,d fo'kky xqatkb'k gks ldrh gSA vc fnu&çfrfnu] miHkksäk vius }kjk miHkksx fd, tkus okys [kk| mRiknksa dh lqj{kk vkSj xq.koÙkk ds ckjs esa vfèkd tkx:d gks jgs gSaA blds vykok] tSlk fd vke yksxksa dh Ø; 'kfä ¼ihih½ yxkrkj c<+ jgh gS] os vfèkd Hkqxrku djus ds fy, ijs'kku gq, fcuk lqjf{kr mRikn dk miHkksx djus ds fy, bPNqd gSaA rks] fdlh Hkh jklk;fud vkSj ekbØksfc;y vo'ks"kksa ds fcuk lqjf{kr iksYVªh mRiknksa dk mRiknu fnu dk Øe gSA nwljh vksj] i'kq ¼iksYVªh½ dY;k.k ds mHkjrs gq, egRo us varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij O;kikj ds fy, vius çfrdwy çHkko fn[kkuk 'kq: dj fn;k] D;ksafd ;g rdZ c<+ jgk gS fd xgu Çitjs ikyu] tcju f'kdkj djuk] vuSfrd vkSj i'kq dY;k.k ds f[kykQ gSaA blfy,] tSfod eqxÊikyu ij vfèkd tksj nsus ls i'kq ¼eqxÊ½ ds dY;k.k ls le>kSrk fd, fcuk lqjf{kr iksYVªh mRiknksa dk mRiknu djus esa enn fey ldrh gSA

Hkkjrh; fdlkuksa }kjk viukÃ tkus okyh rduhdh Kku vkSj çFkkvksa ds dkj.k tSfod i'kqèku dh[ksrh gekjh Hkkjrh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fy, lcls mi;qä gSA tSfod i'kqèku vkSj dqôqVikyu dks lQy cukus ds fy, dqN eqíksa ij è;ku nsus dh vko';drk gS] tSls LokLF; çcaèku] fjd‚MZ dhÇix] çtuu j.kuhfr] çek.khdj.k] mRiknu dh ykxr vkSj buiqV dh ykxr vkfnA tSfod eqxÊikyu ds fy, tSfod vkSj eq¶r jsat ç.kkyh dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA xzkeh.k eqxÊikyu ds fy, fofHkUu laxBuksa }kjk fodflr uLysa csgrj çn'kZu djus okys tSfod eqxÊ mRiknu ds fy, mi;ksx dh tk ldrh gSaA ou jktk] fxfjjkt] CARI xksYM] CARI fuHkÊd] CARI ';kek] CARI fgrdkjh vkSj Nico& j‚dA çk—frd çtuu fofèk dk mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A çtuu {kerk dks csgrj cukus ds fy, ,- vkÃ- rduhdh fo'ks"kK ;k i'kq fpfdRlk fo'ks"kKksa ds ekxZ n'kZu esa mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA fodkl vkSj vaMk mRiknu ds fy, fdlh Hkh gkeksZuy mipkj djus ls cpk tkuk pkfg,A mi;qä vkokl tks ckgjh mi;ksx lfgr çk—frd O;ogkj dh vuqefr nsrk gSA ?kj vPNh rjg gok nkj gksuk pkfg,] Bksl nhokjsa vkSj dsoy 3 QhV Åij mBk;k tkuk pkfg,A iksYVªh ?kj esa lhèks gok ds lw[ks ls cpus ds fy, tehu vkSj fpdu ds rkj ls Åij dh vksj jksÇix csl rd fQV fd;k tkrk gSA gk mldks fMtkbu fd;k tkuk pkfg, tks vfèkdre çk—frd çdk'k dh vuqefr nsrk gSA QksÉtx {ks= iwjh rjg ls nhokjksa vkSj lM+d ij MaMs vkSj fpdu rkj dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA ikSèkksa vkSj ?kkl ds lkFk dqN [kqys {ks= tks if{k;ksa dks gjk pkjk çnku djrs gSa] mUgsa iksYVªh gkml ds ikl fodflr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A tSfod ç.kkyh esa ,d o;Ld fcNkus okys i{kh dks U;wure 2ft-@ i{kh dks lhfer vkSj 3ft-@ i{kh dks QksÉtx {ks= ds :I esa çnku fd;k tkuk pkfg, vFkkZr 5 sqft-@ i{khA if{k;ksa ds chp çfr;ksfxrkvksa dh la[;k dks de djus ds fy, if{k;ksa ds fy, i;kZIr Hkkstu vkSj ikuh dh txg ¼Hkkstu ds fy, 4&5 lseh @ i{kh vkSj ikuh ds fy, 3&4 lseh @ i{kh½ çnku fd;k tkuk pkfg,A iks Y Vª h dks ,d vkgkj fn;k tkuk pkfg, ftles a U;w u re 60 % çekf.kr tS f od Q+ h M 'kkfey gS A tS f od :I ls ikys x, if{k;ks a dks ikja i fjd ikys gq , if{k;ks a dh rq y uk es a otu c<+ k us dh çfr ;w f uV 20&50 % vfèkd Q+ h M dh vko';drk gks r h gS ] eq [ ;r% o` f ) gq Ã xfr fofèk ds dkj.kA ys ; j vkS j cz k ;yj ds fy, tS f od mRiknu ç.kkyh es a vkS l r

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vksf'ku1] lkxj dkfn;ku2 vkSj lq'khy dqekj3 1

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QhM [kir 130 xz k e vkS j 85 xz k e gS ] tks Øe'k% ikja i fjd mRiknu ç.kkyh es a 118 vkS j 77 xz k e gS A tSfod i'kqikyu fu;fer Vhdkdj.k dh vuqefr nsrk gS tgka ,d rRdky vko';drk gS vkSj mipkj ds vU; rjhdksa dks de Lohdk;Z ekuk tk ldrk gSA çksck;ksfVDl dks f[kykus ls if{k;ksa ds LokLF; ds fy, Qk;nsean gksrk gS] ftlls [kk| tfur jksx tudksa dh la[;k de gks tkrh gSA çhck;ksfVDl xSj&ipus ;ksX; dkcksZgkbMªsV gSa vkSj muesa ls dÃ dk mi;ksx iksYVªh if{k;ksa dh LokLF; fLFkfr esa lqèkkj ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA fofHkUu ikSèkksa ds vdZ esa fo'ks"k :I ls vko';d rsyksa dk mudh ,aVh&ekbØksfc;y {kerkvksa ds fy, ijh{k.k fd;k x;k gSA muesa ls dqN tSls fd dkyh fepZ dk rsy] nky phuh dk vko';d rsy] yglqu dk rsy vkfn] eqxÊ if{k;ksa dh ikpu {kerk ds dqN igyqvksa esa lqèkkj ds fy, ykHkdkjh ik, x,A lgh vFkks± esa *i'kqèku Økafr* dk mís'; u dsoy mRiknu dh ek=k c<+kuk gS] cfYd [kk| lqj{kk vkSj miHkksäkvksa dh lqj{kk esa lqèkkj ds fy, ,d lexz –f"Vdks.k j[kuk gSA tSfod dqôqV mRiknu esa Hkkjr dh tcjnLr {kerk gS D;ksafd ns'k dk cM+k fgLlk fMQ+‚YV :I ls tSfod gSA vkt gesa tks vko';d gS og vko';d laLFkkxr uhfrxr <k¡pk gS tks ns'k esa O;kid :Ik ls tSfod eqxÊikyu vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls tSfod i'kqèku [ksrh dks c<+kok nsus dk ekxZ ç'kLr dj ldrk gSA Author bio Dr- Oshin working as a PhD scholar under the guidance of Dr- Anupama Mukherjee in Animal genetics and Breeding division of National Dairy research institute] Karnal] india- She has completed her MVSc- from the same institute in 2019 under the guidance of the Head of the AGB division] Dr- S M Deb- She has accomplished her graduate degree of BVS c- & AH from the renowned university – Lala lajpat Rai university of animal and veterinary sciences] Hissar] Haryana] india in 2017. r

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

Press Release

Online Discussion Forum (ODF)–of Poultry Feeding Trends Organised By CPDO&TI, Bengaluru on 27th March, 2021 Central Poultry Development Organization & Training Institute under Government of India, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, a premier Institute located at Hessarghatta, Bengaluru organized a one day online Discussion forum – on Poultry Feeding Trends on 27th March, 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

Wednesday, 31 March 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

Press Release

CLFMA DAILY NEWSLETTER

CLFMA DAILY NEWSLETTER Wednesday, 31 March 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

CLFMA DAILY NEWSLETTER Wednesday, 31 March 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

CLFMA DAILY NEWSLETTER Wednesday, 31 March 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

CLFMA DAILY NEWSLETTER Wednesday, 31 March 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

Media Contact: Wendy Parker Tel: 256.890.3800 Email: wparker@aviagen.com

Peter Fisher Named New President, Aviagen Asia

Fisher will strengthen customer success with experience, knowledge and commitment Mar. 24, 2021 – HUNTSVILLE, Ala. – Aviagen® Asia has appointed Peter Fisher as its new President, which will become effective on April 1. In this role, he will provide visionary and strategic leadership for the Asia region, while continuing to enhance service to poultry producers. They will benefit from his industry insight, knowledge of animal nutrition and health and passion for innovating to create greater customer value. During his prior work with DSM Nutritional Products, Fisher fulfilled various international roles, including Vice President of Global Technical Services, Animal Nutrition and Health; Vice President of Animal Nutrition and Health for both Europe and Eastern Europe (including Middle East and Africa); Director, Animal Nutrition and Health for South and Sub-Saharan Africa; and Senior Account Manager. DSM is a company with a tradition of leveraging bright science to improve animal health and welfare through nutrition. Fisher earned a Bachelor of Science, Master of Science and PhD in Agriculture from the University of

Stellenbosch in South Africa, where he also acted as manager of the Pig Research Unit and Part-Time Lecturer. Fisher will report directly to Aviagen CEO Jan Henriksen, who commented, "We welcome Peter to the Aviagen Asia team. He was chosen to lead our team in this highly important region due to his indepth industry expertise and business development experience, which will help to strengthen our distributor network and alliances, and expand our Asia business. Moreover, Peter's optimism and strong leadership abilities, coupled with a firm focus on our customers and our birds, will help lead our company and our customers forward in the growing and opportunity-rich Asia market." About Aviagen Since 1923, Aviagen® has been a preferred global poultry breeding company with a mission to help its customers - the world's chicken meat producers - supply sustainable, affordable and nutritious protein to their growing communities. Putting into practice its corporate value of "Breeding Sustainability," Aviagen

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implements efficiencies that make c o m m e r c i a l c h i c ke n p r o d u c t i o n environmentally and socially responsible and economically beneficial to producers, while at the same time promoting bird performance, health and welfare. To meet varied market demands, Aviagen offers a full portfolio of breeding stock under the Arbor Acres®, Indian River® and Ross® brand names. The Rowan Range® and Specialty Males® target slower-growing and other niche market needs. Aviagen is based in Huntsville, Alabama, US., with operations across the UK, Europe, Turkey, Latin America, India, Australia, New Zealand, Africa and the US, and joint ventures in Asia. The company employs close to 8,000 people, and serves customers in 100 countries. For more information, please visit Aviagen.com, or follow Aviagen on LinkedIn. Aviagen and the Aviagen logo are registered trademarks of Aviagen in the US and other countries. All other trademarks or brands are registered by their respective owners. © 2020 Aviagen. Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

TOPIC Challenges that cold weather bring for the livestock

January

Winter Management for Poultry

Ways to avoid any trouble Temprature Fluctuation Respiratory Disease

February

Disease Management

Different type of Infections Strategies to avoid them Adaptability

March

Innovations

Effect to production New culture it brings Feeding and Watering Equipments

April

Housing

Automatic Sheds Labour Management Consequences of heat

May

Heat Stress

Ways to spot heat stress Strategies to compact the impact Price Fluctuation

June

Eggs

Cold Chain Management Productivity Fluctuation Processing Equipments

July

Processing

Management of growng chicken Cold Chain Management Price Fluctuation

August

Feed

Energy requirements and feed intake Equipments Live Vaccines Overview

September

Medications

Antibiotics vs Organic Are growth promoters beneficial?

October

Breeding

Layer Breeding Management Boiler Breeding Management Antimicrobial Carcass Treatments

November

Bio-Secutrity

Gass emission Ecological Balance Year gone by..

December Industry Outlook

What to expect from next year? NewRules, Policies- The conclusion.

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

Editorial Calender

MONTH

Press Release

Karnataka Poultry Farmers & Breeders Association (KPFBA) Abhivandanam Programme

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

South Korea has confirmed three additional cases of bird flu in wild birds, but cases in domestic poultr y populations appear to have fallen. Reporting in the Korea Herald explains that the lack of recent cases in poultry could indicate a break in bird flu transmission among local farms. South Korea’s agriculture ministry said that the number of “wild” bird flu cases remained nearly flat in the last week as birds begin migrating north as the weather warms. Since October 2020, the country has recorded 232 cases of H5N8 bird flu. 108 cases were recorded in poultry farms.

ceiling and keeps track of what is going on in the barn. A powerful processing unit analyses the data, partially with complex AI algorithms, and prepares a graphical represen-tation for the customer. “We want to provide the farmer with an adequate digital cockpit that shows information about the broiler house in a clear and easy-to-understand manner,” says Dr. Heiner Lehr, CEO of Faromatics, the robot’s manufacturer. The added value for the customer is obvious. The cockpit comprises multiple two-dimensional maps of the barn that visualise, for example, the current air quality very exactly, based on values such as temperature, air speed, humidity and the concentration of harmful gases (CO2 and Nh3). The measured data can also be viewed in diagrams that indicate the progress of the batch.

Animal health experts warn that the central region of the country could experience more cases as the birds migrate

Nor thern Ireland’s bird ﬂu measures to lift on 13 April

ChickenBoy analysis robot: keeping track of ﬂock health in the broiler house

Mandatory housing measures to stem the spread of bird ﬂu are being lifted at midnight on 13 April, but poultry keepers across Northern Ireland are told to remain vigilant.

Why is the current flock performing so much better than the previous one? Why is the litter in the rear right corner always the first to get wet? Even with years of experience, it is not easy for broiler producers to answer these and similar questions. The reason is quite simple: it is difficult to collect the necessary data 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and basically in 3 dimensions – and it is even more difficult to analyse them. Big Dutchman now offers a solution to this problem: ChickenBoy is an analysis robot for permanent bird monitoring and measuring of climate parameters in broiler houses. Equipped with different sensors and several cameras, ChickenBoy is suspended from a rail system under the 43

Previous statements from the Ulster Farmers Union say that the region’s poultry industry is moving in the right direction as producers prepare to turn their flocks out onto controlled outdoor areas. Poultry keepers are being urged to use appropriate biosecurity measures as the bird flu restrictions ease. Ulster Farmers Union poultry chair Ronnie Wells said, “…whilst some may think this symbolizes the end of the risk period, this is not the case. It is important that bird keepers remain vigilant as migratory birds are still present, therefore the risk of avian influenza (AI) remains.” Wells went on to say that backyard poultry keepers should be on high alert for signs of bird flu and to take www.pixie.co.in

extra care with cleaning and disinfecting equipment, clothes and vehicles. New outbreaks of bird ﬂu have been reported in other areas of the UK in the last week.

Free-range egg producers in Estonia are conﬁdent that sales will not be impeded by bird ﬂu restrictions

Estonia implemented movement restrictions and biosecurity measures to curb bird flu outbreaks, including housing measures that keep hens indoors that may make free-range certification difficult. A story from Estonia’s ERR News explains that though the housing requirements could prevent freerange egg producers from meeting production standards, this outcome isn’t likely. Estonia’s biosecurity measures came into effect in March, but will likely lift by 24 June. This is u n d e r t h e 1 6 - w e e k re g u l a t o r y threshold that determines if eggs can be sold as barn-raised or free-range. Free-range poultry keeper Heli Lääts said that the outdoor ban coincided with colder weather that was unsuitable for the birds. “There is not much reason to let chickens outside right now as it is since it is so muddy. It is not like the chicken will do anything smart there any way. They can get some sun, that is good and well and chickens like that. That is what we have also done, we let our chickens out when they have something to pick on Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

News

South Korea reports avian inﬂuenza cases in wild birds, but poultry appears unaffected

in the yard, meaning when the yard has some green grass," Lääts said. Because of the timing of Estonia’s restrictions, Lääts is conﬁdent that she will not have to make any changes to her marketing. The country’s freerange egg industry will likely weather the bird ﬂu outbreak.

governments regulate animal welfare in abattoirs, knackeries and poultry processors across the country – a move that will not only increase transparency but also strengthen the push for better and more consistent regulation. RSPCA Australia Chief Scientist Dr Bidda Jones said that the report and scorecard shone a spotlight on signiﬁcant gaps in animal welfare regulation across the processing industry.

RSPCA Australia publishes welfare scorecards to raise awareness of rules Cobb Europe hosts governing slaughter second ‘Cobb Talks’ houses webinar series in The RSPCA has released a detailed response to industry report and interactive map that highlights the current state of animal demand welfare regulation at Australia's abattoirs. The scorecard allows the public to compare, for the ﬁrst time, the way

Following a successful ﬁrst series and continued demand for expertise in the industry, Cobb will host a second “Cobb Talks'' webinar series. Running

weekly from April through June, anyone in the poultry industry is invited to attend. The series will cover three topics specifically requested by attendees of the previous series: ventilation, hatchery, and health. Cobb received more than 2,000 registrations for the first “Cobb Talks” series in November. Exit surveys indicated the industry is still hungry for more. Cobb remains committed to staying connected with customers and providing expertise during these difficult times. As travel restrictions across the world remain and returning to normality varies throughout the world, Cobb responds.

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

Incredibly Nutritious Eggs are among the most nutritious on the planet. A whole egg contains all the nutrients required to turn a single cell into a baby chicken

High in Cholesterol

High in Cholesterol Benefits for Eye Health

Eggs Are Brain Food

Benefits of Egg for Hair

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.04 | April - 2021

Poultry Planner_April_2021

Articles inside

Production and Metabolic Diseases of Poultry

News

Peter Fisher Named New President, Aviagen Asia

Brooding Management in Commercial Broilers

Dietary sodium diformate (Acidomix DF +) improves growth performance and nutrient

Science of Hydration in Poultry