Poultry Planner_March_2021 by Poultry Planner

MARCH 2021

MONTHLY BILINGUAL

R.N.I. 71668/1999

Title Code HARBIL00563

VOL. 23 | No. 03 | March - 2021

OUR TEAM Vishal Rai Gupta Managing Director vishal@pixie.co.in Bhavana Gupta Editor-in-Chief editor.pcsl@gmail.com Siddhi Gupta Co-Editor Amit Business Executive poultry.pcsl@gmail.com M: 999 170 5005

HONORARY EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Mr. G.K. Rathinam Palani Tk, Dindugul Dist, Tamil Nadu Dr. J Tamizhkumaran M.VSc., PGDEP., Ph.D. (Ph. D in Veterinary & Animal Husbandry Extension Education) Mr. S.S Rathore (MVSc Poultry Science IBRI, Izatnagar) Dr. Manisha Singodia (MVSc Poultry Science, Jaipur) Dr. Annada Das (Ph. D Scholar, WBUAFS, Kolkata) Dr. M. Arul Prakash (MVSc Assistant Professor, Tanjore) Dr. B.L. Saini (Ph. D ICAR, Izatnangar) Dr. Bilawal Singh (MVSc, Assistant Professor Ludhiana)

Poultry farming is has important role in Indian economy. Rural poultry farming is uplifting the rural livelihood which is essential for rural development. As population of world is increasing day by day, the demand for animal protein in the form of eggs and meat is increasing. This could become a big opportunity for poultry farmers as India is third largest egg and ﬁfth largest poultry producer in the world. But this could not be possible until and unless modern poultry farming related innovations are not adopted by Indian farmers. These modern poultry farming innovations can open the gate for success and prosperity for Indian poultry farmers. Poultry housing includes facility where birds are kept and equipment which are used in poultry farming. Advancement in mechanics also have effect on equipment of poultry. As 62% of poultry population comes from commercialized poultry farms where poultry equipment play important role and rest of backyard poultry farming is also moving towards commercial farming. Here are some of the new innovations in the ﬁeld of poultry housing: Ÿ

New automatic control system having automated showers and use of cooling pads in poultry farms which can be clean and disinfected easily becoming a trend in modern farms. For efﬁcient feed distribution new moving chain feeders are used which circulate the whole circuit within few minutes. Flicker free ﬂuid LED light system with multiple light level settings are popular in modern farms.

For monitoring ammonia and carbon dioxide level in poultry farms special digital air quality monitors are used which give real time reading of these gases in the facility where birds are kept. This helps in preventing the toxicity of these gases that can cause decline in the performance of birds.

New water system is designed in such a way to keep water uncontaminated by preventing dirt, faeces and other pollutants from entering the automatic drinking system. This helps in prevent wastage of water as well as preventing water borne diseases in ﬂock.

In layer farming special moving belt system is used for manure collection. Then palletisation of dried manure further stabilizes the material, reducing dust in the farm. This helps in maintaining hygienic conditions in the poultry farm.

Remote access livestock monitoring system used in poultry farms allows farmers the ability to view their broiler sheds internally from their smartphones, tablets and personal computers, in great detail. This could be helpful in management of farm in today’s COVID-19 situation.

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Editorial Policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily held by the editors. Registered as Newspaper by Registrar of Newspaper for India : RNI No. 71668/1999, Tittle Code HARBIL00563 Editorial & Advertisement may not be reproduced without the written consent of the publishers. Whilst every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of Poultry Planner the publishers do not accept any responsibility or liability for the material herein. Publication of news, views of information is in the interest of positive poultry industrial development in India. It does not imply publisher’s endorsement. Unpublished material of industrial interest, not submitted elsewhere, is invited. The submitted material will not be returned. Publisher, Printer Mrs. Bhavana Gupta on behalf of Pixie Publication India (P) Ltd. Karnal Printed at Jaiswal Printing Press, Railway Road, Karnal Published at : C/o OmAng Hotel, Namaste Chowk, Near Janta Petrol Pump, KARNAL - 132001 (Haryana) INDIA Editor-in-Chief : Mrs. Bhavana Gupta All Legal matters are subject to karnal jurisdiction

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Articles... Indian Poultry Sector: From the Perspective of contemporary Investments Dr. Anjan Goswami Summer Stress Management for Poultry Dr. Krishna Sahoo Main Causes of Changes in Liver Coloration in Poultry Dr. Parag P Mahadik

Challenges Confronting The Poultry Industry - After The Covid-19 Dr. Manisha Singodia

THERE ARE NO LIMITS TO WHAT YOU CAN ACCOMPLISH, EXCEPT THE LIMITS YOU PLACE ON YOUR OWN THINKING.

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Proﬁtable Poultry Farming in Summer Dr. Yogesh Paharia

BRIAN TRACY

Bird-ﬂu scare during the initial weeks of January, 2021 Ricky Thaper

Press Release Entrepreneurs Day On 25th February, 2021 Organised By CPDO & TI

RR Animal Health Care Ltd develops Cyromazine Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

Article

Indian Poultry Sector: From the Perspective of contemporary Investments

Dr. Anjan Goswami

Doctoral Research Fellow(ISB Hyd), MBA(IIMB), M.V.Sc, Pharmacology Director, RJ Feeds Pvt Ltd., Navjeevan Hatcheries Pvt Ltd General Secretary, Karnataka Poultry Farmers and Breeders Association

Indian Poultr y Sector : An Overview Indian Poultry sector has witnessed a paradigm shift in last few decades and has metamor-phosized as one of the most promising industry from a mare backyard farming activities over the years. The Indian Poultry sector is today is ~ INR 120,000 Cr Industry, one of the largest sector within the Agribusiness sector in India. The Industry has grown at a CAGR of 7 % in last 10 years providing direct and indirect employment to more than 5 million Indians producing 5.7 Million of MT of Chicken meat and ~94 Billon of edibles Eggs.

The poultry sector is contributing to 5% of the India's Agricultural GDP and considered to be having one of the most organised farming practices among all the agriculture produced. The Sector is a star performer and global leader next to brazil in terms of conversion of feed resources to bio-available protein with effectiveness. Indian poultry sector is one of the early adaptor of western concept of contract farming model by sharing resources with farmers. Today 80% of the active farmers Out of total of 220,000 poultry farmers Indian are the under the umbrella of contract farming. The Sector is likely grow further at an

behaviour in term of converting from carb based food to protein reach diet. Investment Perspectives: Indian Poultry This article is intended to look at the poultry sector business from the d y n a m i c s of e n te r p r i s e va l u e creation and contemporar y investment. While having talked about contempo-rar y ways of investment, we must ﬁrst understand the traditional means of investment in companies vis as vis the means of contemporary invest-ment.

Figure2: Traditional ways of ﬁnancing businesses

Fig 1: A Schematic representation on the overviews of Indian Poultry:

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Traditionally like any other family b u s i n e s s e s , Po u l t r y b u s i n e s s entities are being funded through the different means as shown in ﬁgure 1.Banks and ﬁnancial institutions participate in the funding process as debt investment to the companies with or without the co-lateral. If the Debt funds are against co-

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

lateral, which is most common in format are known as secured loan. On the other hand, the debt fund without a co-lateral are known as unsecured loan. H o w e v e r i n p o u l t r y s e c t o r, unsecured debt funding by the financial institutions are not very common. Other than the debt funding from the financial institutions, Promoters of the companies generate investment t h ro u g h I n f u s i o n of f u n d a s owner's equity and through reappropriation of profit by creating reserve and surplus.

can be an individual, called as angel investors or a family, called as family ofﬁces or can be agencies or organisations who are backed by angel investors and family ofﬁces, called as Venture Capitalists, Private equities and fund houses. These set of investors can either be within the country or can be from across different parts of the world Figure 3: Contemporary means of funding businesses

Debentures (OPD), Preferential and Non-convertible Debentures etc. Similarly the equity investments are raised in the form of equity against stake in the investee companies. Based on the stage at which the i n v e s t m e n t i s a va i l e d b y t h e companies, the equity investments are classiﬁed as under Seed Funding: This set of investments are normally in the early

A small and occasional form of investment gets infused in companies as short term loan or equity from within the friends and family members. The Contemporar y means of Investments:

stage of a company ideally after once it has been formed and business proof of concept has been established. The normal ticket Size of Seed funding is in the range of $0.5 Million to about $2 Million

Fig 3: Annual VC/PE investments in India ($B),Source: Bain PE deals database The contemporar y means of funding has derived from third segment of traditional funding by friends and relatives in the form of debt and or equity. In this form of contemporar y investment, the investee company raises capital from the debt or equity investors other than the bank and ﬁnancial institutes. The set of investors either

Based on the type of investment they do, they can either be called as Debt /Debenture Investors or the Equity Investors.In case of the Debt and Debentures investment, the investment is structured in the form of debt for a particular predeﬁned period of time with a ﬁxed annual or periodical repatriation. The Debt or debentures investments can further be categorised as Compulsor y Conver-tible Debentures ( CC D ) , O p t i o n a l l y C o n v e r t i b l e

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Venture Capital: This segment of investments are normally availed by the companies at the stage with having a business tract track record for few years while looking for funding to take the company to next level of growth. The Venture capital funds can be in the range of $1million to $5 Million or may be more than that depending on the size of the business and growth trajectories Private Equity: Private equity investors are normally interested to participate in a slightly matured company with a higher revenue size and look for oppor tunities to investment towards growth fund

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

somewhere in the range of $1015Million to range of $100s of million based on investment decision and size of the investee company.

Corporate structure and Governance practices

Audit Practices

business driven by the market forces and cut throat competition. A balance between each of the

However, all the above mentioned categories are coupled with each other very closely and can be a single entity participating in a different roleor can be different organisations. Moreover the investment size in all the above segments can vary to some degree based on the business model, Enterprise Valuation, industry sector, company proﬁle or the intent of the investment interest of the investors Crowd Funding: This is public source funding normally applicableto social enterprises where enterprises are able to avail funds from the crowd sources

Fig 4: Pros and Cons of Contemporary investments Investor Attractiveness: The Next Generation Indian Poultry

componentsof an Enterprise Ecosystem as shown in ﬁgure 5 above is inevitable going forward in Indian Poultry sector for a sustainable

The Fundamental Pre-requisites for Contemporary Investment: Unlike the traditional means of funding by banks and ﬁnancial institutions, the contemporar y investors are not highly keen to look at the co-lateral and volume of tangible assets in the company. The contemporar y investors are concerned about Ÿ

The Industry Sector Potential

The Strength of the Business Model

The historical Performance of the company

The business plan and growth Trajectories

The security of Invested Capital

The exit options and possible return on Employed capital

The track record of the company and the promoters

The innovation and mechanisation in the value chain

Dependable factors and market forces

F i g 5 : T h e co m p o n e n t s of a n Enterprise Eco-System Traditionally, the enterprises in Indian Poultry sector are family driven and governed mostly by the head of the family and there is hardly any entity difference between the promoters and the businesses.With the future potential growth and change market dynamics, the Indian poultry sector is also likely to witness a shift in the way of doing

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growth and development of a company. An investment friendly enterprise must have to consider each of these components with equal weightage to create higher enterprise value. Value proposition and value extraction through Investment on quality resources, automation, mechanization and fair scientiﬁc practices are the future of t h e I n d i a n Po u l t r y to a t t r a c t contemporary investments.

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

Article

Summer Stress Management for Poultry Dr. Krishna Sahoo Global Product Manager - Proteon Pharmaceuticals

Studies have revealed that changes in the environment, like the heat wave, adversely affect poultry. It affects their egg size, egg-shell quality and egg production, body weight & hatchability. Heat stress means that a bird is unable to manage the heat it loses and produces. Though there can be many stressors, such as nutritional, physiological, psychological, social and poor management, but environmental stress affects poultr y the worst. Ideal temperature for proper production is 6575 degree Fahrenheit and when it changes, production performance of commercial poultry declines. Effects of Heat waveon Poultry During the heat wave, birds start eating less and drinks more water, but their body’s capacity to retain it is affected due to the loss of potassium and other electrolytes from the body. So, even though they try to keep up with the weather, they are still affected massively. They get dehydrated and lose body weight as well, which impacts the production. Diseases caused during the Heat Wave The worst thing that happens during such high temperatures is that birds become more vulnerable to CRD (chronic respiratory disease)E.coli& Salmonella sp.. E.coliis speciﬁcally problematicas asecondary disease. The moment birds become a little susceptible to any disease, E.coli wiggles in, adding to the poor birds’ deteriorating the health. It is essential to add proper supplements like BAFACOL & BAFASAL+G to support birds health & prevent the mortality. Symptoms of sickness Birds show clear symptoms of heat stress. Ÿ

Panting

Increased body temperature

Reduced appetite

Increased intake of water

Reduction in egg production

Reduced body weight gain

Poor egg-shell quality

Reduced hatchability

How to avoid heat stress in poultry? These diseases caused by heat stress lead to major ﬁnancial losses and increased birds’ mortality. There are many preventive measures that help in avoiding such a problematic situation. But it takes proper preventive ‘medication’, housing management and caution to care for poultry and avoid heat stress. One important fact to remember here is that adding unnecessary antibiotics to the bird’s feed can be quite counter-productive. It adversely affects the bird’s health and the environment. There is abetter way to get through this.

losses. And the interesting fact is that it does this without negatively affecting the microbiome. Management of space and housing for poultry Other than using as BAFACOL & BAFASAL+G as a feed supplement, there are several basics that farmers should ad here to during the heatwave. Ÿ

Over crowding of birds should be avoided.

Proper cross ventilation, fans, water sprinkled curtains, thatched roofs and other structural measures to keep the birds away from all that heat.

All transport activities should be carried out at night.

Increase clean and cool watering frequency, as deprivation of water can increase risk of mortality.

Cover water tanks with gunnysacks to avoid it from direct sunlight.

Feed to water ratio is usually 1:2, but in temperatures beyond 95 degree Celsius, the ratio should be changed to 1:4.

Feed should be provided during early hours of day time in broilers.

Increase nutrient density to compensate for reduced feed intake.

Available phosphorous content should be increased.

Using Bacteriophages Bacteriophages are better at the job here, since they are easy to use, non-toxic and helps in reducing the infection without creating antibacterial resistance. It took years of research and development to get Bacteriophages to be industrially used. Proteon Pharmaceuticals rose to the challenge of establishing a platform for deeper research into these possibilities and developed BAFACOL& BAFASAL+G. It is natural, non-GMO and bio degradable, and is suitable for all poultry species. This may as well be the birds’ best friend, since it supports their health, production performance and FCR. It is highly effective and can be used for packaged and processed meat production. BAFACOL & BAFASAL+G is revolutionising poultry management by keeping poultry farms from lowered productivity and ﬁnancial

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Keep an eye on those birdies. They shouldn’t get too hot, no matter how much the weather does. This is literally just the half of it. Birds need alot of good care and m a n a g e m e n t to b e h e a l t h y a n d productive. Proteon Pharmaceuticals is dedicated to help farmers make the best of their farms and makes an effort through its products to improve their proﬁtability. r Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

Article

Main Causes of Changes in Liver Coloration in Poultry Manuel Contreras, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACPV Nuscience/ Special Nutrients, Miami, Florida, USA In many poultry markets around the world where chicken viscera are commonly sold in supermarkets, the appearance of the liver is ver y important for marketing purposes. Customers have a tendency to associate the health status of the birds with the color of the livers displayed in the shelves in stores. If the organ looks pale, yellow or congested, it is generally assumed that something went wrong in the farm and that the animal got sick before being slaughtered. In our case, we frequently visit slaughterhouses to identify the origin of these changes. Anatomically, the main structural unit that conforms the liver are microscopic cells called hepatocytes. When hepatocytes are loaded with fat or pigments, as a consequence of some of the elements that we are going to describe in this article, some changes in color will be observed. The main factors involved with coloration changes in young and adult commercial birds are the following: physiological, nutritional, ingestion of toxic substances, and/or management related practices before slaughtering. Physiological changes During the ﬁrst week of life, young chickens and turkeys normally have large amounts of fat and pigments (carotenoids) deposited in the liver as a result of the mobilization of the yolk content through the intestines. At this stage, it is normal to detect fat vacuoles (microscopic fat deposits) inside the hepatocytes. The yellow color present at birth can last several

For Further information Please contact: Dr. Parag P Mahadik - 09421691240 Venkys india Ltd – Venkateshwara House, S. No. 114/A/2, Sinhagad Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411030

days, while the fat/pigments are mobilized from the liver to other parts of the body. Usually, after approximately seven days of age, the liver of a normal b i rd w i l l s h o w a mahogany-brown coloration. In adult Normal liver (yellowish, pale) in a laying hen to the right and a dark brown liver of an out birds, hens, the of production hen to the left. amount of fat in the liver increases broilers and pullets (layer-type) before the point of lay because of the during the first 4 weeks of life. effect of estrogens, hormones present However older flocks can show the in higher levels once maturity is condition. reached. Usually, most laying hens in a flock will show a pale brown or Ÿ Fatty liver and hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS). Characterized yellowish liver because all the fat and by yellowish, enlarged livers pigments transported from the liver to engorged with fat. The presence of the oviduct to form the yolk of the hemorrhage in the abdominal eggs (picture 1). Histopathology is a cavity is typical but not always very important tool that can be used to present. This syndrome is a establish a differential diagnosis when metabolic disorder of hens as a livers appear yellow or pale. It will allow consequence of a nutritional the differentiation between the i m ba l a n c e ( e n e rg y / p ro t e i n . ) microscopic damage produced by Feeding low protein-high energy physiological changes or intoxication diets or a ration containing an with mycotoxins such as Aflatoxin, T2 amino acid imbalance or deficiency, toxin and/or Fumonisin. can be responsible for the Nutritional deficiency or imbalance. s y n d ro m e . I t h a s b e e n w e l l Ÿ Fatty liver and kidney syndrome established that feeds with low (FLKS) associated with biotin levels of lipotropic factors, such as deficiency. Gross lesions include choline, methionine and vitamin the presence of pale, blotchy and B12, can result in fatty infiltration of enlarged livers and kidneys with the liver. Microscopically, the some mortality, usually below 10%. presence of vacuoles inside the Microscopically, fat infiltration is hepatocytes of laying hens are widespread in different organs. It normal. Hepatocellular fatty has been mainly repor ted in vacuolation (microscopic holes or www.pixie.co.in

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

Liver of a 46-week-old brown layer fed a diet experimentally contaminated with 3 ppm of Aflatoxin for 41 days. Notice the presence of petechial hemorrhages in the surface of the liver and the lack of fat deposits in the abdominal cavity.

blank spaces in the liver) or degeneration of hepatocytes refers to the excessive accumulation of globules of triglycerides and other lipid metabolites within the cytoplasm. Hepatocytes overloaded with lipids will produce necrosis. In commercial conditions, around 45 weeks of age, healthy flocks will include some hens affected by FLHS. This doesn’t mean that the whole flock is showing the syndrome. The pale and yellow color of the liver, while characteristic, is not always specific to FLHS, since normal layers that are fed appreciable quantities of yellow corn or high levels of xanthophyll tend to show this coloration. Frequently, we are asked how to differentiate FLKS from an intoxication with mycotoxins. In the latter case, hens show a yellow liver with petechial hemorrhages without excessive abdominal fat deposits. If the s y n d ro m e i s t h e re s u l t of a metabolic disorder, the abdomen will contain thicker pads of fat in the cavity. This is just a clinical observation that is not necessarily always present in field cases.

of the most toxic mycotoxins identified in nature, can cause fatty vacuolation and hepatocyte necrosis. Also, bile duct epithelial hyperplasia and fibrosis can be detected. It is important to point out that Aflatoxin will affect the mitochondrial and protein synthesis capacity of the liver, which means that t h e o rg a n w i l l n o t b e a b l e to manufacture critical substances normally secreted by the body. Mycotoxins such as T2 toxin can also damage the hepatocytes causing h e m o r r h a g e a n d n e c ro s i s . T h e presence of pale bile content (bilis) is associated with Aflatoxin because of a reduction in amylase, lipase and biliary salts production by the liver. The final result is the presence of excessive levels of fat in feces (steatorrhea), which is difficult to detect grossly because chicken excrete urine and feces together through the cloaca. The bile also contains amylase, which aids in the digestion of carbohydrates as well as activation of the pancreatic lipase. Regarding the effect of Fumonisin in the liver, we must emphasize that even though the performance (gain weight, feed conversion, etc.) of the flock could be affected, this toxin does not cause distinctive macroscopic changes in the liver, even when 100 ppm of Fumonisin were added experimentally to the diet in a scientific trial. Macroscopically (gross appearance), only certain degree of paleness has been reported. The damage to the liver is established by measuring the concentration of metabolites (biomarkers) of sphingolipids (sphinganine/ sphingosine) in the blood and a reduction in the concentration of protein in the blood. Microscopically, some scientific papers have reported hyperplasia of the bile ducts, as is reported in cases of aflatoxicosis.

Toxic substances

Management practices.

Toxins as mycotoxins, heavy metals and some poisonous plants can have a serious effect on the physiological performance of the liver. Aﬂatoxin, one

Fasting before slaughtering

This is a factor that is more important and common in broilers because of the traditional management practices www.pixie.co.in

followed in this type of birds. Generally, the access to feed is interrupted for approximately 12 hours before broilers are slaughtered with the objective of reducing fecal excretion to avoid cross contamination during transportation and the possibility of fecal contamination of t h e c a rc a s s d u r i n g a u t o m a t e d evisceration in the slaughterhouses. One of the consequences of fasting is the presence of changes in the color of the liver. Scientific reports have shown that full-fed broilers have lighter liver colors because of higher lipid content. Broilers fasted for 12 hours show darker livers because of lower levels of fat inside the organ. Other reports talk about the importance of deposits of glycogen in the liver and its effect of these element in the coloration of the liver is somewhat controversial. Glycogen is a very large form of glucose that can be broken down to yield glucose molecules when the bird needs it. Post mortem evaluation The gross appearance of the liver depends on the amount and distribution of blood inside the organ. When a chicken is bled before euthanasia by cutting the blood vessel located in the neck, jugular vein, the organ will look paler because there is less blood deposited inside the organ. On the contrary, if the chicken is not bled, the liver’s appearance will be darker. These details make it more difficult to determine if the changes in color are the result of antemortem congestion or hyperemia. Once the livers are taken out of the abdomen and mixed with ice, you should notice that they look paler than when kept at room temperature. In conclusion, there are many factors that must be taken into consideration when evaluating the cause of pale or yellow livers in broilers, pullets or hens. In many cases determining the etiologies of these changes are critical to maintain a high performance in some commercial flocks. r Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

Article

Profitable Poultry Farming in Summer Animals are divided into two groups: cold-blooded (heterothermic) and warm-blooded. Birds are homoeothermic, as they have the ability to maintain their body temperature throughout the year however, the thermoregulatory mechanisms are efﬁcient only in thermo neutral zones, i.e., 27.5–37.7 °C birds, as endotherms, can regulate body temperature using heat generated in their bodies. Heat is produced in the body of birds as a result of metabolism (glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the pentose phosphate shunt pathway) and muscular activity. The concentrations of enzymes, vitamins, and hormones; physical activities; oxygen consumption; ambient temperature; and circadian rhythms affect the amount of heat production in the bodies of chickens To maintain body temperature and avoid overheating, excess heat is dissipated to the surrounding environment through cellular conduction and vascular convection

body temperature varies between 40.5 °C (Donald and William, 2002), whereas the body temperature of a newly hatched chick is approximately 103.5 °F (39.7 °C), and it increases daily until it reaches a stable level at approximately 3 weeks For maximum production performance in poultry, the bird body temperature must remain at approximately 106 °F (Scanes, 2015). Variations within and beyond this temperature range may be due to certain physiological conditions, such as sex (male birds have a higher body temperature than females because of an increased metabolic rate and increased muscular activity), physiological activity increased mobility increases the body temperature), breed (smaller breeds have higher body temperatures than larger breeds, age, body weight, moulting period (moulting birds have a higher body temperature than fully feathered birds), broodiness (broody hens have an increased body temperature), feeding status (body temperature increases during digestion of feed) and external

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e q u i l i b r i u m b e t we e n b o d y h e a t production and heat loss is disturbed, heat loss is decreased, and heat production is increased within the body of the bird, resulting in the onset of heat stress. The core body temperature increases when the ambient temperature increases or decreases above or below the thermo neutral zone (Scanes, 2015). When heat production by birds is greater than heat lost, the core body temperature rises (Etches et al., 2008). When the core body temperature reaches a critical point (116.8 °F or 47 °C), which is called the upper lethal temperature, birds can die from heat prostration (Scanes, 2015). On the other hand, when the temperature drops below 16 °C, heat production inside the body initially increases by physical means (shivering, huddling, fat/plumage insulation), then the thyroid gland is activated, and energy production increases until the carbohydrates (CH2O) and fats in the body become severely depleted (Donald and William, 2002; Sturkie, 1976). Body temperature decreases when the body temperature is below the normal range (Mount, 1979), which also causes mortality within the ﬂock (Donald and William, 2002). At relatively low temperatures, heat is transferred from the body through conduction, convection and radiation (Yahav et al., 2005) in the following ways. Effect of heat stress on the performance of birds

Heat balance Poultry farmers should be conscious and vigilant about maintaining environmental temperatures according to the requirements of the birds, especially during the summer (Scanes, 2015). The internal body temperature of birds is more variable than that of mammals, and birds have no absolute body temperature. The adult chicken

environment (more light increases the body temperature) (Holik, 2010; Farag and Alagawany, 2018). In chickens, the thermo neutral zone depends on body weight; amount of plumage; amount, shape and distribution of feathers on the body; acclimatization; and dehydration status (Dawson and Whittow, 2000; Donald and William, 2002). When the

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The normal body temperature of a chicken is approximately 41 °C (106 °F); if the body temperature rises more than 4 °C, the bird will die (Scanes, 2015). Summer weather and high environmental temperatures are among the factors responsible for heat stress in poultry ﬂocks (Scanes, 2015). Birds are 'heat stressed' if they have difﬁculty Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

achieving a balance between body heat production and body heat loss (Abbas et al., 2012). Heat stress can occur at all ages and in all types of poultry . Birds feel comfortable at 75 °F and function normally up to 80 °F . Above 80 °F (up to 85 °F), feed consumption drops, while water intake increases (Donald and William, 2002). Feed conversion ratios (FCRs) and weight gain decrease in broiler birds, and egg production decreases in layer and breeder flocks (Donald and William, 2002). During the summer season, chickens should be housed and managed to provide a comfortable environment (thermoneutral zone) so that the birds can adequately dissipate body heat to the external environment and maintain a thermal At 86–95 °F, a significant decline in egg production and egg shell quality is observed. In layers Combating heat stress in poultry flocks Commercial poultry farming is a very profitable business; however, heat stress during the summer season drastically reduces the profitability of poultry farming. Solutions for the protection from heat stress require multifactorial strategies that may involve housing, genetics , thermal conditioning and f e e d i n g a n d n u t r i t i o n re v i e w e d potential ways to combat high ambient t e m p e r a t u re , i n c l u d i n g t h e r m a l conditioning and the provision of some micronutrients, such as minerals and vitamins. Combating heat stress in poultry flocks. Moreover, the resistance of cocks to hot climates through early heat exposure is a new focus of research on heat stress mitigation Poultry houses should also be designed with maximum insulation to maintain their internal temperature .The direction of the poultry sheds should be from east to west in length and north to south in width in hot areas. It is advisable to promote natural air flow from the north and south sides and to shield birds from maximum sunlight during the day; therefore the longitudinal direction of the shed should be from east to west. Insulation of the roof is extremely important, as 60% of the external heat

penetrates through the ceiling into the house. The roof of the poultry shed should be steep and high. Furthermore, water sprinkling can keep the roof cool in high temperatures (Donald and William, 2002). The building design; ve n t i l a t i o n s y s te m ; ro of c o l o u r, reflectivity, pitch and orientation; and site also have significant effects on heat l o s s o r g a i n f ro m t h e b u i l d i n g . Furthermore, the reflectivity of the roof can be increased by installing an aluminium roof or by painting the surface with metallic zinc paint (Donald and William, 2002). Evaporative cooling systems can be used with cooling pads inside the shed, and sprinklers can be used in farms where environmental temperatures are high and humidity levels are low (Donald and William, 2002). Excessive heat is lost during water evaporation, and cool air is produced inside the shed; however, the resultant humidity produced should be monitored carefully . RH increases approximately 4.5% for every 1 °C decrease in temperature through evaporative cooling. Strong air flow is essential for heat stress relief (Nilipour, 2000). The loss of heat by radiation plus convection can increase considerably with increasing air velocity (Yahav et al., 2004). In extreme conditions of very high humidity and very high temperature, the use of cooling systems might be detrimental or ineffective (Donald and William, 2002; Attia et al., 2006; Tumová and Gous, 2012). Exhaust fans can also be used for the expulsion of hot air from the poultry house (Donald and William, 2002). The distance between the sheds should be adjusted such that the flow of wind across the sheds is not interrupted and fresh air is available to the flocks (Mitchell, 1985; Lott et al., 1998; Simmons et al., 2003). To achieve maximum air flow, the house should be open with internal recirculation fans (Donald and William, 2002) positioned in a tunnel ventilation arrangement (Lacy and Czarick, 1992). A high stocking density will result in ventilation failure. The increased metabolic rate of birds

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during the summer increases heat production inside the poultry house, and the decreased loss of heat during hot and humid weather will increase the overall temperature of the poultry house (Donald and William, 2002). The stocking densities should be adjusted according to temperature and humidity conditions in the respective area (Donald and William, 2002). Feeding management Intermittent feeding programmes have been investigated in some broiler operations. These methods could have possible applications in hightemperature regions where birds are minimally active during the dark hours, consequently reducing the production of heat. Fasting broilers prior to or during peak hot periods of the day lessens the heat load and enhances survival. Feeding should be conducted during the cool hours of the day, i.e., during the early hours in the morning and during late hours in the evening (Farghly et al., 2018a). An advantage of interrupting feeding is a reduction in metabolic heat output. Extra consumed feed during the hot hours of the day will increase the heat load and probably result in additional mortality. Fasting reduces heat production from the digestion, absorption and metabolism of nutrients (Richards and ProszkowiecWeglarz, 2007). Fasting also has a calming Water management Heat stress causes birds to consume less feed and ingest more water. This increased water consumption helps to reduce the body temperature of birds (Nor th and Bell, 1990; Lara and Rostagno, 2013). The water:feed intake ratio at 15 °C is 1.82:1. However, when the temperature rises to 30–35 °C, the ratio increases to 4.9:1 (Holik, 2010). On average, for each 1 g of feed intake, birds consume 2–3 ml of drinking water during the winter and 4–5 mL during the summer. To keep the body temperature of birds stable, clean and cool water below 25 °C should be provided ad libitum and with ice added to the water.

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

The number of drinkers and space should be increased, and the water supply should be ensured to prevent dehydration in birds (Abbas et al., 2008). The use of water troughs in place of nipple or bell-type drinkers can increase water intake in birds. Water tanks should be placed in the shade and insulated. Drinkers should have sufficient water flow (> 70 ml/min/nipple) and chlorination should be discontinued on extremely hot days; H2O2 should be used for flushing water lines (Donald and William, 2002). Litter management The litter temperature increases during hot weather. To reduce the litter temperature, litter should be kept moderately wet (Abreu and Abreu, 2004; Bessei, 2006). Dry litter can result in excessive heat and decreased humidity, and wet litter during the summer is indicative of increased humidity inside the poultry house (Donald and William, 2002). After drying, the wet litter forms cakes and sticks to the floor. Wet litter will produce a bad smell and ammonia inside the house that can hamper the growth rate, attract flies and increase stress in birds (Donald and William, 2002). Health management The overall general health conditions of poultry should be maintained. High ambient temperature induces unfavourable alterations in indigenous bacterial populations in the gut. Probiotic supplementation may enrich the microbiota diversity in the jejunum and caecum of birds, restoring the microbial balance and maintaining natural stability. The timely diagnosis of diseases and prompt treatment of diseased birds should be ensured (Donald and William, 2002). Layer and breeder flocks should be regularly screened for mycoplasmosis, salmonellosis, avian influenza (A.I.) and Newcastle disease (ND) with serological examinations. Nutritional manipulation Heat production in the body normally increases with an increase in the level of proteins

(Macleod and Dabutha, 1997). Excess protein metabolism increases the heat load in poultry and exacerbates ionic imbalance (Donald and William, 2002). Under heat stress conditions, lower protein rations supplemented with some essential amino acids, such as methionine, lysine, threonine and tr yptophan, will result in better outcomes than higher protein rations (Donald and William, 2002). . Use of fats in rations Increasing the metabolizable energy content in the diet by adding fat is a common practice during the summer Adding fat increases the intake of energy and reduces the speciﬁc dynamic action of the feed allowing birds to cope with high temperature more effectively Because fat has a lower heat increment than either carbohydrates and/or protein, a higher fat content (up to 5%) in the diet helps mitigate the negative effects of heat stress in poultry raised at higher ambient temperature thus supplementation of fat in the diet helps to increase the energy value of other feed ingredients. Protein metabolism produces more heat production than fat and carbohydrate metabolism . The protein-to-energy ratio should be readjusted, and up to 5% oil can be included in the diet. Use of synthetic amino acids In addition to energy, consideration must be given to the balance of amino acids in the diet during the summer season (Bonnet et al., 1997). Usually, minimizing excess amino acids enhances feed consumption (Leeson and Summers, 2001). Critical amino acid levels should be approximately 5–10% higher than those normally used with the same level of protein (Suganya et al., 2015). Feed should be formulated with up to 100% of digestible amino acids targets established by the National Research Council and should not contain a high crude protein minimum. Maintaining an adequate amount of essential amino acids, especially lysine or arginine and lysine (Mendes et al., 1997),The combination of prebiotics and probiotics to produce a synergistic effect is referred to as a synbiotic.

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Many studies have shown the positive effects of trace mineral (such as s e l e n i u m , c h ro m i u m , z i n c , e tc . ) supplementation in tropical chicken farming. Studies have suggested the significant effects of minerals on the improvement of performance parameters and reduction in heat shock proteins and lipid peroxidation in birds reared in tropical climates (Rao et al., 2016; Rajkumar et al., 2018). The phosphorous requirement increases d u r i n g h e a t s t re s s ( L e e s o n a n d Summers, 2001), and the Ca requirement increases during hot weather due to reduced feed intake (Leeson and Summers, 2001). The dietary supplementation of chromium to chicks exposed to heat stress beneficially affects the carcass and growth rate an d m odu l ates th e biochemical blood indices. Efficient heat stress management during summer season in poultry flocks can increase profitability of poultry business. The increased egg and poultry meat production during summer season can be helpful in fulfilling the protein requirement of the general public. Increased egg and meat production can also overcome the crisis of food shortage in developing country. Studies on heat stress in poultry farms, generally focus on exploring the strategies to maintain the conditions which cause heat stress. Specifically, in opened poultry houses, it is important to ensure that the outdoor air can flow smoothly i n to a n d o u t of p o u l t r y h o u s e . Furthermore, feeding at cooler times, wet feeding, feed withdrawal before an expected period of heat stress and dimming lights during feeding could be good strategies to cope with heat stress. In addition, maintaining good ventilation, increasing energy level in poultry rations and supplementing diets and drinking water with vitamins, antioxidants, probiotics and minerals can help in heat stress mitigation. Moreover, keeping in view the future protein demands it is advisable to explore the novel mitigation strategies in terms of farming practices. r

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Article

Challenges Confronting The Poultry Industry- After The Covid-19

Dr. Manisha Singodia1 and Dr. Lokesh Tak2

Poultry resistance, health, and production are several factors that challenge the future development of the poultry industry. Consumer confidence, item quality and safety, kinds of products, and the emergence and re-emergence of diseases will continue to be major challenges to the current situation and the strategic future of the industry. Foodborne and zoonotic diseases are strictly connected with poultry. It is essential to realize that chickens are not susceptible to intranasal infection by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. All things considered, the COVID-19 pandemic will affect poultry consumption, transport, and the economics of poultry farming. Stockholders, veterinarians, farmers, and all the partners of the chain of poultry production need to be more involved in the current situation and the strategic future of the industry to fulfill human demands and ensure sustainable agriculture. Subsequently, the current audit investigates these significant undertakings. Food Safety Consumers' perspectives on the quality and

Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education

absorption, and, thus, the accessibility of supplements for production due to an improved gut ecosystem that favors beneficial microorganisms. Recently, Moawad et al. reported the appearance of colistin-tolerant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from healthy broilers.There may also be an increase in the use of antibiotics in feedproducing animals during the COVID-19 pandemic to improve animal immunity and health and increase animal farming profits. However, this use may increase the threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the negative impact of antibiotics on the environment, such as cross-resistance and carryover influences. Welfare of Poultry Presently, there is extraordinary concern about the welfare of animals, hygiene, and disease control that may result from great genetic pressure to boost egg and meat production. Without a doubt, hereditary strain genetic pressure to improve the productive performance of animals adversely affects animals' welfare and natural immunity and thus disease tolerance. However, genetic selection occurs with improved practices of husbandry, disease control, and nutrition control. The Movement of Poultry and Poultry Products

security of animal products are a continuous issue for the poultry industry and its essential future. Numerous food borne diseases can be transferred through the food chain. In the available literature, Salmonella serovars and Campylobacter spp. are the poultry bacteria more often responsible for human foodborne diseases. Antibiotic Resistance and Related Problems The effect of antibiotics on the gut ﬂora leads to enhanced digestion and

Solid production competition and cost differences from around the globe will affect the cost and global movement of poultry and its items. This phenomenon will increase the possibility of disease transmission into places thought to be free from poultry diseases. However, SARSCoV-2 is not linked with poultry or its products, it will likely inﬂuence the global poultr y trade due to lockdown and limitations that is applied to control the spread of the virus. A few components can hasten and/or

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Department of Livestock Products Technology CVAS, RAJUVAS, Bikaner

prompt the emergence of animal diseases. These factors comprise the development and structure of the poultry farming, amplify global competition and costs of production, and increase the poultry and poultry products movement worldwide. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for acknowledging the great risk that current viruses and future microorganisms that may lead to pandemics pose to animal health. Governments ought to build up establish new regulations for animal health care, trade, and movements of domestic and wild animals and provide adequate research funds for these activities to establish a strategic plan to ensure a constant supply of animal protein. The Challenges from the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Virus Although the similarity in the hereditary make-up of humans and chickens is about 60%, the immune system of humans and avian species is very different, and thus va c c i n a t i o n s p ro t o c o l , t y p e s , a n d applications are different. The production of human vaccines is essential to save lives and ensure the wellbeing and, hence, much more important than the production of a va c c i n e f o r f a r m a n i m a l s . Po u l t r y production does not seem to be at risk due to the global spread of SARS-CoV. In any case, increasing biosecurity and hygienic measurements at the farm become apparently vital and need further efforts to limit the spread of SARS-CoV to the poultry industry and its possible mutation. Disease Diagnosis The diagnosis and treatment of poultry diseases are the most common tools to control and prevent disease transmission and spread. The most recent example is avian inﬂuenza, where early diagnosis of the source and route of virus spread helped to control the disease and develop an effective vaccine for this zoonotic disease. Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

Thus, developing fast, accurate, and affordable digenetic tools/kits that can be used on farms is absolutely necessary, and research in this area should be initiated and given greatest funding and impetus. Treatment For a long time, treatment of poultry diseases has been a very successful strategy for disease control, eradication, and prevention. Genuine models incorporate include bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases such as cholera, aﬂatoxin, and coccidiosis. Treatment of poultry diseases has allowed increased investment in the poultry industry in many developing countries that suffer from low cleanliness and biosecurity. Disease Control The principal line of infectious disease control is to prevent the introduction of disease and to prevent further spread via strict biosecurity, establishing and maintaining immunity, and vaccination. Global poultry farming has aggressively selected for traits that focus on maximum poultry production and improving feed usage and cultivating beneﬁts.

antibodies are affected by nutrition, quantitative and qualitative feed constituents, and hygiene. Fatty acids, protein/amino acids, minerals, and v i t a m i n s a re v i t a l l y i m p o r t a n t f o r enhancing immunity and health. In general, under stress conditions, low hygiene, disease outbreaks, and the absence of effective treatment and vaccines such as the COVID-19 pandemic, enhancing protection, prevention, and control programs it is essential to improve health to ensure sustained animal execution and ﬁnancial achievement. Immune Organs The two signiﬁcant avian immune system organs are the bur sa of Fabricius (associated with B cells) and the thymus (associated with T cells). Meteorological changes present an extra weigh t on immune competence and the health status of animals. Several investigations have shown that low surrounding temperatures can reduce the feed intake and subsequently compromise immune capacity. Vaccination

Immunity Pollutants, environmental, physical and physiological stress, depletion of ozone, and climate change have influenced and thus altered biological, physical, and immune functions of different animal species. Thus, animals have become less resistant to microbiota and harmful o rg a n i s m s . T h i s p h e n o m e n o n h a s adversely affected the health, welfare, and performance of animals. Many factors, including nutritional management, have been established to stabilize the adverse impact of environmental stressors on animal immunity and, thus, health. The influence of dietary factors on immune function and immunity is of great interest after the COVID-19 outbreak. Currently, immunity is the first line of defense for COVID-19 until specific drugs and vaccines are available; this factor should be considered in designing strategic plans for management, feeding, and health care programs to sustain animal production. The Role of Nutrition Upgrading natura immunity is the frontline of disease prevention and control. Nutrition is a critical factor in immunity, disease control, and prevention. Passive and active immunity and building

c a n d i d a t e s f o r t h e a p p l i c a t i o n of biotechnology tools for the selection of disease resistance. Education Programs The accomplishment of any program for disease regulation depends on hygiene, applying the proper farm sanitation, vaccination programs, and appropriate education programs for poultry farmers. Furthermore, valuable education programs should be employed to markedly raise public awareness about the essential measurements required to safeguard against zoonotic diseases. The exercises gained from the COVID-19 pandemic indicate that public information and educational levels are very important tools in public health protections and zoonosis transmission and control. The objective gatherings of these projects target groups of these programs are Farm owners, workers, laborers, agriculturists, and veterinarians. In general, the expected outcomes are improve basic knowledge and scientiﬁc background related to biosecurity and hygiene of poultry framing; refresh and update relevant individuals with recent information on poultry farming, processing plants, hatcheries and feed mill; cross-react; and improve the work environment and safety. These education programs can positively impacted the industry, improved human wellbeing, and limited the loss in humans and animals. Conclusion

During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine development has received great attention and has been recognized as the most effective tool for human and animal protection and disease control and eradication. Research to develop new vaccines and track changes in RNA viruses and disease epidemiology should continue to avoid threats from zoonotic diseases. In general, biosecurity, cleaning, and disinfection, as well as vaccination against some diseases, are very important for disease control and eradication; however, these programs need regular review and updating. Genetic Resistance Viral diseases such as Marek's disease, Newcastle disease, avian inﬂuenza, and bacterial diseases like salmonellosis, pasteurellosis, and colibacillosis are economic diseases that cause high mortality and morbidity. These diseases are

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Global collaboration and trade will cause governments throughout the world to synchronize their current legislation linked to the market, control of disease, poultry nutrition, and the drugs and vaccines licensing for veterinar y practice, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. The consumer desire for high-quality poultry products will robustly affect production practices. Hence, stockholders, veterinarians, farmers, and all other partners engaged in the chain of poultry industry should share more tasks and increase their cooperation. Biosecurity, hygiene, immunity are front lines of defense, perhaps the greatest lesson we learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus is not associated with poultry or poultry products. The poultry industry is to globally unify the health care system and biosecurity of the industry all one unit, and this lesson learned from COVID-19 as r world health is one unit. Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

”

- Ricky Thaper, Treasurer, Poultry Federation of India Principal Secretaries, Animal Husbandry from States and other ofﬁcials. These are most welcome steps.

India has been reporting a few cases of Avian Influenza (AI) commonly known as 'bird flu' since 2006. In the first week of January, 2021, the Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries had stated that 'bird flu' cases have been reported mostly in bird populations such as crow, migratory birds, ducks and goose birds. While reports of 'bird flu' not only impacted poultry meat industry in terms reduction in consumption, it also adversely hit other stakeholders like farmers growing maize and soya (used as poultry feed ingredients) as prices of these commodities declined because of lack of meat demand. Keeping in mind its impact on the poultry business, Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Government of India took prompt actions and urged state governments to raise awareness amongst the consumers of poultry meat that its safe for consumption so that people are influenced by mostly fake news or rumours. “The AI is a virus that can infect birds. India has been reporting the disease since 2006 and till date there is no report of human infection. The country had controlled the disease effectively through culling. There is no scientific report available all over the globe that the infection of H5N1 or any other strain of Avian Influenza viruses spread through the processed products,” Mr. OP Chaudhary, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Animal Husbandr y, Dair ying and Fisheries, GOI, stated in his letter to all

In a bid to convey the message about safety of poultry meat consumption, Animal Husbandry and Dairying Minister Shree Giriraj Singh Ji organized press conferences and made the statement that there have been no scientific reports on transmission of bird flu to humans and consumers should not be scared. This confidence building communications by Honorable Minister, Shree Giriraj Singh Ji was very much appreciated by the entire poultry industry. The ministry of Animal Husbandry and Dairying requested state administration to issue instructions to concern State authorities and local administration against imposing a ban and allow selling of poultry products sources from one state to other state. However, the government in collaboration with industry must ensure that unfounded rumours as well as fake news against consumption of poultry meat is countered periodically with scientific studies. Even if bird flu incidents are not reported amongst poultry birds, its impacts consumption of meat because of unfounded or fake news circulated in the media. Millions of people are engaged in the poultry value chain and such news impacts livelihood as well as impacts overall economic growth of the country as poultry sector contributes significantly to the contribute India's GDP. The World Health Organization also states that it is safe to consume poultry meat and eggs. According to the WHO website, there is no epidemiological data which suggests that the disease can be transmitted to humans through cooked food. The virus is destroyed at 70°C if held for about 3 seconds. Also, properly cooking meat or eggs to achieve a temperature of 74°C in

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eggs or all parts of meat will inactivate the virus. FSSAI urges the FBOs and consumers not to panic and ensure proper handling and cooking of poultry meat and eggs for its safe consumption. In a welcome step, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) had issued a guidance document (on January 21, 2021) on “Safe handling, processing and consumption of poultry meat and eggs during bird flu Pandemic” for creating awareness amongst Food Business Operators and consumers. Such communications create confidence amongst the consumers of poultry meat and prevent unnecessary panic created on the basis of false information about the poultry industry. In India, the disease spreads mainly by migratory birds coming into India during winter months. However, it's the poultry industry which is adversely impacted as consumers reduce consumption of poultry meat notwithstanding that there are several studies which state that meat consumption is safe. Poultry industry, which is witnessing a healthy growth rate especially in the last two decades, faces a slump in the demand for meat because of false information being spread during the bird flu outbreak, which virtually disrupts the value chain adversely impacting the industry. Thus, all the stakeholders in the value chain from poultry farmer owners to sellers along with the government agencies must ensure continuous awareness creation about the safety protocols being followed by the industry to dispel any doubts in the minds of consumers. This would prevent frequent volatility in the demand for meat because of few reports about bird flu and shall save livelihood of farmers as well as other stakeholders in the value chain. r Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

Article

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Bird-flu scare during the initial weeks of January, 2021 had adverse impact on poultry meat consumption. Swift action by the government in collaboration with state governments in dismissing rumours relating to consumption of poultry meat, helped to an extent in restoring consumer confidence. Concrete measures are needed to ensure that rumours against consumption of poultry meat circulated at frequent interval are dealt with firmly through sharing of scientific information so that livelihood of millions of farmers and other stakeholders associated with the industry are not hit and poultry industry continues to contribute significantly towards India's economic growth

Press Release

ENTREPRENEURS DAY th ON 25 FEBRUARY, 2021 ORGANISED BY CPDO & TI Central Poultry Development Organisation & Training Institute under Government of India, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, a premier Institute located at Hessarghatta, Bengaluru organized a 4-day online Entrepreneurship in Poultry – Awareness Week (EPAW) from 22nd – 25th February, 2021 including Entrepreneurs Day on 25th Feb. 2021. The programme was planned to impart the knowledge for entrepreneurs focused on Business models in Indian Poultry, Commercial Poultry Farming & Rural Poultry Farming, Credit proposals for Bank, Government of India Schemes, and understanding of proﬁtable poultry models, Nutrition, Disease Management and Medications etc.

Panel for ED

E PAW w a s p l a n n e d t o c r e a t e awareness among prospective entrepreneurs, Bankers, graduates and 32

veterinarians across India. The schedule was very comprehensive covering all the aspects above mentioned. Dr. Mahesh P.S., Joint C o m m i s s i o n e r, G o I & D i re c t o r inaugurated the EPAW and presented an overview of poultry sector. Dr. Lipi Sairiwal, Assistant Commissioner GoI briefed on Government of India Schemes in poultry followed by a comprehensive presentation by Dr. Mukund Kadam, Head Poultry AICRP, Nagpur who presented on various business models of Rural Poultry. O n 2 3 rd F e b r u a r y, 2 0 2 1 , t h e presentations were in detail on M a n a g e m e n t b y D r. A b h i j e e t Kumar, Diseases by Dr. Baburaj a n d N u t r i t i o n b y P r of. B . S . V. Reddy. On 24th February, 2021, the ﬁrst presentation was given by Dr. Jeevan Sonawane, Director, Novelvet on Why Chicken and Egg for protein requirement in human beings. He elaborated on Facts and Myths about Egg and Chicken. Dr. Mahesh presented on availing credit facilities in Nationalized Banks and various business models of poultr y in detail as a ﬁnal session. The entire programe was live telecasted on both youtube channel of CPDO&TI and Hybiz TV. All these recordings are date wise posted on our Fa c e b o o k pa g e w i t h t h e l i n k https://www.facebook.com/cpdoti.ba ngalore . All are requested to browse any time at your convenience. www.pixie.co.in

Panel for EPAW

Entrepreneurs Day (25th February, 2021) The Entrepreneurs Day was inaugurated by Prof. Ajit S. Ranade, Associate Dean, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai who acknowledged the contribution of CPDO&TI in his personal career and contribution to the poultry training in India and Abroad. In his address, he mentioned that poultry entrepreneurship is not just for persons of Agriculture or Veterinary background, but being taken up by lot of technocrats these days. He appreciated the panel for the day consisting of three engineers, a commerce graduate, a MBA and a post doctorate in Veterinary Science. Dr. Mahesh P.S. Joint Commissioner and Director thanked Prof. Ranade and narrated about changing world order in favour of India to lead in the present decade. Further, he mentioned that epicenters have shifted from Silicon Valley, Shangai to Bengaluru as a capital of Unicorns (a billion dollar valuation) in India. So far, India has developed 38 Unicorns of which 14 are from Bengaluru. The opportunities are very high in the areas of digitech, ﬁntech and foodtech. He also mentioned a word Soonicorn (soon becoming Unicorns) for the likes of Licious, Fresh to Home, Nandu's, Tender Cuts etc., in India. As per the data there are about 64 such Soonicorns in Bengaluru. Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

The first speaker of the ED was, Shri. Amit Kumar Saraogi, Co-founder and Managing Director of Anmol Feeds India Pvt. Ltd., who founded first poultry feed plant at Muzaffarnagar, Bihar at the age of 23 graduating out of MSRIIT, Bengaluru. In a span of over 20 years “Anmol Group” has brought a transformational change at Muzaffarnagar, Bihar by creating cluster of feed plants of large capacities in the state. Presently, Anmol Group has grown to a capacity of 1,300 MT per day from 10 MT per day with pan-India and supplying to neighboring countries like Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. Anmol Group has diversified into cattle, fish, fertilizer and rice mill, contributing entire ecosystem of livestock management and agriculture. In his talk he mentioned about hardship, focus, dream of visualizing for creating livelihood for 51,000 families under the group. He proudly mentioned that Anmol group has empowered all the families with pride and sustainability. His vision and leadership is recognized by several awards in India and abroad. He voluntarily expressed cooperation and help for the budding entrepreneurs. In his message to the audience Mr. Amit mentioned simple mantra for poultr y business is “Lage Raho Munnabhai”. Meaning consistency is the mantra not to look for daily balance sheet but annual balance sheet.

Mr. Kunal

Mr. Kunal Pathre, a commerce graduate from Maharashtra established his group by name “Kukoochku Poultry Farm Pvt. Ltd.” At Alibag, Raigarh District, Maharashtra. He started this venture joining his father in 2006. He acknowledged that 33

Kukoochku

he underwent a training programme at IPMT, Pune. Presently, his entire family including spouse, father, brother, sister-in-law all are professionals involved in the group. In his talk he mentioned poultry business is always like navigating the uncertainity with catastrophic Tsunamis like input price rise, low demand, birdflu, corona etc., he also agreed with Amit that the person need to keep upfloat his business during crisis and be grounded for good times. His group is involved basically in Contract Broiler farming with backend of breeders, feed mill, hatchery, lab and a frontend with retailing by their own shops. The s p e c i a l i t y of t h e g r o u p b e i n g adoptation of SAP software to monitor the entire operations at ease. They have established their headquarter based at Gram Panchayat level in Alibag and have five branches. They are involved in selling live birds and chilled chicken. The group is supporting about 500 families.

Ideal Chicken B i o te c h n o l o g y. H e r f a t h e r h a s assigned her job of looking after the ﬁnance and administration of the company. In her presentation she narrated about ver y few women entrepreneurs joining poultry as a choice. She explained about the group Anupama Feeds and Farms which started in 2005 dealing with commercial broiler farming, animal feed production and meat processing. It is specialized in business to business (B2B – Institutional sales) and business to customer (B2C –Retail) with 16 retail stores. The company has introduced franchise model and recently started online app for home deliveries across Mangalore. Their group is trying to establish all the value chain in poultry including back-end operations like breeding farms, feed mill, hatchery etc. their group is diversifying into many other livestock businesses in the near future.

M r. S a g a r U r s , social entrepreneur from Mysore did his graduation in MBA with career at SBI, Airtel HDFC life and m o v e d t o entrepreneurship in 2011. He has Ms. Shrly Cutinha established his group in August Ms. Shirly Cutinha, daughter of hence named it as “August Backyard Mr. Vincent Cutinha of Anupama Chicken Pvt. Ltd”. He has takenup this F e e d s a n d Fa r m s , M a n g a l o r e , enterprise focusing on supply of Karnataka narrated about her coloured / desi chicken to the market. journey of joining family business The brand of the group is “Mysore Nati after graduating in Engineering in www.pixie.co.in

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

Mr. Sagar Urs

Chicken” with complete outsourcing model of supply chain from the villages in Mysore District. He has mastered the know-how of collection of eggs, hatching, processing, value addition and branding of coloured birds in Karnataka. Several awards are a recognition and inspiration for Sagar Urs to continue his journey and to inspire others to enter the market.

Dr. Sharad

Dr. Sharad Bharsakle, a postgraduate in Veterinary Science from Akola, Maharashtra started his career as farm manager in poultry in 1983 and established his own venture in 1990 by name “Shri Kripa Poulty Feeds” and then established Amrutha Hatcheries in 2013 for production of 6.5 lakhs chicks per month. Dr. Sharad's group is supporting 2000 farmers across Vidarbha in Maharashtra. They are producing 10 lakh kg chicken per month, 2000 tons of feed per month and production of 6.5 lakh chicks per month. They have established recently “Amrutha Fresh Chicken” brand at Amaravati. In his talk, Dr. Sharad mentioned to identify “Blindspots” in your career and work to convert those into strength for your entrepreneurship. His mantra for success is also like that of Amit, Kunal that being consistently in business with perseverance is the key for success. The great message given by him through a picture of boat festival in Kerala – “All action at once without a 34

Mr. Manjith Kumar talk to win the race”. His group has taken a consultant firm for organizational transformation ideas by spending 40 to 50 lakhs per year. This firm is also consulting Reebok etc. Mr. Manjith Kumar, a technocrat, Engineer from software domain experience with IBM, Intel and DRDO as a chip designer developing standard chips for crucial operations. He relocated back to India from US to “Make in India” shifting from “chip to chick”. In his talk, he narrated focus of entrepreneur in a business should be of two pronged approach, one being preliminary to focus on finance and quantity to get appropriate credit facilities other impor tant being primary to focus on quality, service and sustenance. He narrated his enterprise journey by his coding skills for poultry in 7- stage mantra 1. Execution 2. Quality 3. Respect 4. Simplification 5. Comfort 6. Outreach and 7. Innovation. He encouraged all the upcoming entrepreneurs to adopt these steps to get sustainable enterprise in poultry. The entrepreneurs day programme has become a platform for showcasing

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entrepreneurs across the value chain in poultry sector. The programme is well received in both zoom and Youtube with a viewership crossing 2000 for the day. All presentations of the speakers can be viewed at our face book page and youtube channel posted on 25th F e b r u a r y, 2 0 2 1 . C P D O & T I acknowledges and expresses gratitude to Hybiz TV for live-telecasting both EPAW and ED in their channel with a subscription of 5 lakhs. Dr. Mahesh P.S. thanked all the panel members and the chief guest for taking out their time and expressing their inspirational stories to copy for the youth of India. CPDO&TI is bringing up an app in the near future which will be menu-driven to listen to each speaker's inspirational story at a touch of a button and requested the audience to keep a watch on our facebook and youtube. Sri. Anwar Basha, Senior faculty of CPDO&TI executed the job of admin of conducting EPAW and ED very effectively. The other team members of CPDO&TI worked hard in makingthisprogrammesuccessful.

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

To work as import substitution for Indian market Hyderabad, India, February 15, 2021- RR Animal Health Care Ltd is excited to share the news of development of our ﬁrst Animal Pharma Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) for poultry segment. With the development of Cyromazine 99.5% through an in-house developed route of synthesis, we became one of the ﬁrst Animal Health Care company from India to develop this molecule with complete backward integration using a Green Chemistr y route without the use of solvents. Cyromazine, which is used as a Larvicide in Animal Health Care Industry, presently been imported mainly from China and most domestic suppliers were blending it with carrier material to prepare 1% or 2% formulated product. Many

users and suppliers import the blended 2% product for their cost optimization. This product shall work as an import substitution for Indian market. Presently with 3000 kg production capacity at a GMP cer tiﬁed facility in Hyderabad, India, which will be equivalent to nearly 150 tons of 2% formulation product, we are optimistic to supply to a large domestic customer base & expor t client. We promise to deliver a global standard product, readily availability in India across the year at an economical rate. Our one small step towards Aatmanirbhar Bharat!! About RR Animal Health Care Ltd. RR Animal Health Care Ltd is a company with diversiﬁed

interested in Animal and Human Health & Nutrition segment. With over 12 years of legacy, this company has established itself with unique solutions for Human, Poultry, Aqua and Livestock management in India. With 3 manufacturing facilities in India, the company is committed to deliver value to its customers across diversiﬁed species & segments. Pioneer in farm biosecurity segment with new concepts, the company is well recognized as a ‘Unique Solution Provider ’ across industries. For more info: www.rrahc.in. For Media Contact: Ms Nagarani K RR Animal Health Care Ltd Ph: +91-40-485 38 485, +91 89789 61434 E-mail: corporate@rrahc.in

RR Animal Health Care Ltd. 2-3-144, Adarsh Nagar Colony, Nagole, Hyderabad – 500 068, Telangana, India Tel.: +91 40 485 38 485 35

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

Press Release

RR Animal Health Care Ltd develops Cyromazine Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

News 36

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

TOPIC Challenges that cold weather bring for the livestock

January

Winter Management for Poultry

Ways to avoid any trouble Temprature Fluctuation Respiratory Disease

February

Disease Management

Different type of Infections Strategies to avoid them Adaptability

March

Innovations

Effect to production New culture it brings Feeding and Watering Equipments

April

Housing

Automatic Sheds Labour Management Consequences of heat

May

Heat Stress

Ways to spot heat stress Strategies to compact the impact Price Fluctuation

June

Eggs

Cold Chain Management Productivity Fluctuation Processing Equipments

July

Processing

Management of growng chicken Cold Chain Management Price Fluctuation

August

Feed

Energy requirements and feed intake Equipments Live Vaccines Overview

September

Medications

Antibiotics vs Organic Are growth promoters beneficial?

October

Breeding

Layer Breeding Management Boiler Breeding Management Antimicrobial Carcass Treatments

November

Bio-Secutrity

Gass emission Ecological Balance Year gone by..

December Industry Outlook

What to expect from next year? NewRules, Policies- The conclusion.

NOTE: 1. There will be regular columns such as Industry News, Product News, Press Releases, CSR, Company Spotlight and Interviews, Event Calenders, Egg Rate, Food for thought, Awards, Appointments and Trivia. 2. We request you to send articles in word format. 3. Deadline: 8th of every month for the editorial content. 12th of every month for the advertisement material. 4. Please send your valuable contributions to poultry.pcsl@gmail.com

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

Editorial Calender

MONTH

Egg Prices

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EGG Daily and Monthly Prices of February 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.03 | March - 2021

Poultry Planner_March_2021

Articles inside

Entrepreneurs Day On 25th February, 2021 Organised By CPDO & TI

ter The Covid- Af