Poultry Planner_June_2021 by Poultry Planner

JUNE 2021

MONTHLY BILINGUAL

R.N.I. 71668/1999

Title Code HARBIL00563

Vol. 23 | No. 06 | June - 2021

OUR TEAM Vishal Rai Gupta Managing Director vishal@pixie.co.in Bhavana Gupta Editor-in-Chief editor.pcsl@gmail.com Siddhi Gupta Co-Editor Sajjad Mahdi Business Executive poultry.pcsl@gmail.com M: 999 170 5005

HONORARY EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Mr. G.K. Rathinam Palani Tk, Dindugul Dist, Tamil Nadu Dr. J Tamizhkumaran M.VSc., PGDEP., Ph.D. (Ph. D in Veterinary & Animal Husbandry Extension Education) Mr. S.S Rathore (MVSc Poultry Science IBRI, Izatnagar) Dr. Manisha Singodia (MVSc Poultry Science, Jaipur) Dr. Annada Das (Ph. D Scholar, WBUAFS, Kolkata) Dr. M. Arul Prakash (MVSc Assistant Professor, Tanjore) Dr. B.L. Saini (Ph. D ICAR, Izatnangar) Dr. Bilawal Singh (MVSc, Assistant Professor Ludhiana)

This is the time of year when chickens will need more special attention. Chickens have a much higher Body temperature than you. The average body temperature for a chicken normally will run at 102-103 degrees F. Their heart rate is normally 280-315 beats per minute. Another fact is a rooster will take around 18-20 breaths per minute while a hens is 30-35 breaths per minute. Heat can create more problems to chickens than cold weather. It's easy to see they are insulated rather well with many feathers. Chickens fluff up their feathers as many birds will do which trap air between the layers which keep air in as insulation in cold weather in warmer weather they seek out shade. You will notice them lay down and spread their wings and bodies out cool down the main way a chicken cools itself though is drinking plenty of cold water. This is the time to have additional amounts of water available for you chickens. Try keeping extra pails of water available for you flock both in the coop and outside as well. Having more than one source of water for chickens also help in preventing fights between them over who gets to drink first make sure the water is clean and fresh the best rule to live by is replacing the water daily so it always fresh and cool. Chickens will drink more water if it is cool rather than warm. During hot weather algae is more likely to grow so remember to clean out the water bowls more often too. In extreme heat is extra important to provide plenty of ventilation inside the coop all window should be open for air circulation thick bedding such as pine shavings can be a heat absorber and should be used more sparingly having only an inch or so in thickness, if you have electric in the coop providing a fan will help in circulation air flow. Having constant air flow is a must. Roof vents will help in removing trapped heat around the ceiling look for signs of mold in the coop if using straw or hay. Overcrowding increases heat provides plenty of rooms for your chickens to move freely provide shade in as many areas as possible try not disturbing your chickens in the middle of the day. They need to do their own thing and rest when they can. At this time you want to keep stress levels down as low as possible. Let them do their own thing avoid picking them up which will increase their body temperature. Only monitor them during hot weather for signs of excess heat stress.

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Editorial Policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily held by the editors. Registered as Newspaper by Registrar of Newspaper for India : RNI No. 71668/1999, Tittle Code HARBIL00563 Editorial & Advertisement may not be reproduced without the written consent of the publishers. Whilst every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of Poultry Planner the publishers do not accept any responsibility or liability for the material herein. Publication of news, views of information is in the interest of positive poultry industrial development in India. It does not imply publisher’s endorsement. Unpublished material of industrial interest, not submitted elsewhere, is invited. The submitted material will not be returned. Publisher, Printer Mrs. Bhavana Gupta on behalf of Pixie Publication India (P) Ltd. Karnal Printed at Jaiswal Printing Press, Railway Road, Karnal Published at : C/o OmAng Hotel, Namaste Chowk, Near Janta Petrol Pump, KARNAL - 132001 (Haryana) INDIA Editor-in-Chief : Mrs. Bhavana Gupta All Legal matters are subject to karnal jurisdiction

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Front Inside

Commercial Chicken Egg and Meat- Myths and Facts Dr. G.H. Hudson

The Impact Of Dietary Sodium Diformate (Acidomix Df+) On The Performance of Layers – A Short Review 14 Christian Luckstadt¹ and Sarah Mellor² Prolonged Storage of Eggs in Hatcheriesin 2nd Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic to Buffer Disrupted .... 18 Nazir Ahmed Protease Enzyme in Poultry Feed 26

Ventri Biologicals

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Impact Of Heat Stress On Poultry Damien Blondeau & Kurt Van de Mierop

Saving Feed Cost by Reformulating Broiler Diets with the Use of Nutrase BXP 200 TS Jesse Stoops, Amit Kumar Patra, Geert Van de Mierop

THERE ARE NO LIMITS TO WHAT YOU CAN ACCOMPLISH, EXCEPT THE LIMITS YOU PLACE ON YOUR OWN THINKING. BRIAN TRACY

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Indian Poultry Industry Has Geared Up to Meet The Challenges Posed by COVID

Renuka Ramnath Joined Zenex Animal Health as CEO

Zydus Cadila entity to sell its India focused Animal Health Business to Multiples Alternate Asset Management led consortium

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

Article

Commercial Chicken Egg and Meat- Myths and Facts Dr. G.H. Hudson and Dr. R. Selvakkumar Assistant Professor, TANUVAS, Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu- 629 601.

Introduction India is a mega diverse nation bestowed with rich animal genetic resources. Chicken is known to be the first species domesticated by humans as early as 5500 BC mainly for the sport of cock fighting. As the population of the world increased, with increase in protein hunger, there occurred increased demand of eggs and meat for food. This becomes the initiative for the large-scale commercial production of egg and meat. Today, India is the third-largest egg producer in the world after China and USA and the fourth-largest chicken producer in the world after China, Brazil and USA. Indian Poultry Industry is one of the fast-growingsegments of the agricultural sector where the production of eggs and broilers has been rising at a rate of 8 to 10% per annum. ICMR recommends a minimumpercapita consumption of 180 eggs & 10.5 kg chicken meat per annum for a healthy adult human. However, the consumption is only around 70 eggs/ year and 3.5 kg of chicken meat, which means the poultry industry, is still laden with opportunities. But the industry suffers with number of myths among the consumers which lead to panic in the consumption of egg and meat. This paper aims in sensitizing the readers to clear the myths with the scientific facts regarding broiler meat and commercially produced eggs in human nutrition. Nutritive Value of Chicken Meat Meat is defined by the Codex 08

Alimentarius as “All parts of an animal that are intended for, or have been judged as safe and suitable for, human consumption”. It is composed of water, protein, minerals, fats, vitamins and other bioactive components, and small quantities of carbohydrates.Poultry meat has higher protein content (1823 %) than most of the red meats (1618%). This protein is of very superior quality with respect to biological value and essential amino acid contents. Most fat in poultry remains conﬁned underneath the skin and in abdomen in contrast to red meats, where it is generally distributed throughout the tissues (Intra muscular fat). The carcass fat content without skin of different poultry is 3 - 9 %, much lower than that of red meat. An advantage with poultry fat is that it is rich in unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid and linoleic acid that constitutes more than 60 % of total meat fat. Because of this reason, poultry is a good animal protein source for weight control diets, convalescents and elderly people. It is again a good source of many vitamins including Niacin, thiamine (vitaminB1), riboﬂavin (vitamin-B2) and ascorbic acid (vitamin-C). Poultry liver is a rich source of vitamin-A, vitamin-B complex and vitamin C.Poultry meat contains nearly 1% desired minerals. Nutritive Value of Chicken Egg A typical White Leghorn egg usually weighs an average of 55 g and consists of three main parts, the shell (11%), the egg white (58%) and the egg yolk (31%). In addition to water (74%), the main chemical compositions of hen

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egg are 12.8% proteins, 11.8% lipids, and small amounts of carbohydrates and minerals. The chemical composition of egg yolk and egg white are given below.

Egg contains four major nutritional components namely protein, lipids, all necessary vitamins (except vitamin C), and minerals. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E) are present in the yolk; watersoluble vitamins (B complex) are present in the egg white and the yolk. Approximately equal amounts of trace minerals are present in the yolk and white, sometimes in combination with proteins and lipids. A large egg contains about 6 g of protein (3.6 g in white and 2.7 g in yolk) of high-quality, which represents about 27% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) for adults. Egg protein has the highest digestibility (97 %) among major food proteins. Table eggs are considered to have the highest nutritional-quality protein of all food

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

sources, providing all the essential amino acids in amounts that closely match human requirements for essential amino acids (FAO protein value = 100). They are ideal for children and the elderly, due to their excellent essential amino acid profile and high digestibility. Further, they may be particularly useful in the diets of ovovegetarians, who could experience an insufficient intake of essential amino acids due to the low protein digestibility and poor biological protein value of many plant proteins. How does today's broiler grow faster? Today's broiler birds attain 2.2 Kgs of Body weight at 35 days of age. This achievement was not done overnight and it's the work of several scientists over the world for the past 70 years. They have carefully studied the genetics of poultr y, bred them scientifically along with their nutritional, environmental and health needs, with the aim to produce high quality protein sources in an efficient manner. Through careful genetic selection for desired traits, the modern meat bird has been steadily selected so that it is now significantly larger than the broiler chicken from the 1950s. When looking at the past data the genetic improvement can be very much appreciated. From the 1950s through today, poultr y nutrition

remains an intensive ﬁeld of study where requirements for amino acids, minerals and vitamins are better known than for any other species. Hormones are too expensive to use even if they did work. There is a myth that chicken is injected with hormones for their faster growth and higher egg production. Hormones do not work when added in the feed or water. If fed, hormones will be digested in the gut which will destroy their function. The only way to maintain their action as a growth stimulating steroid is to inject them into each bird almost daily which is impossible as birds are reared in lakhs and each bird to be handled. In addition to hormone costs, injecting millions of chickens would be labour intensive, further adding to the production costs. With increasing feed costs, If hormones are being used in chicken, it will be impossible for the consumers to get broiler meat in today's markets at Rs. 90-120/ kg. Chicken and Cancer There is a myth that the animal protein sources are known to cause cancer in humans. Cancer is a multicausative disease. However, smoked, processed and packaged meats which are added w i t h va r i o u s a d d i t i ve s m a y b e associated with cancer. Further, low dietaryﬁber is an important cause of

cancers associated with GI Tract. Although, Chicken and other meat contain zero fiber, the Indian cooking methods with onion, tomatoes and other plant materials significantly add up the fiber content of cooked meat finally drastically reducing the risk of cancer. Chicken Egg and Cardio vascular disease Whether consumption of egg and cholesterol is detrimental to cardiovascular health and longevity is highly debated. Current researches suggest that, the dietary cholesterol levels have no role to play with the blood cholesterol levels in humans.Increasing age, hereditary, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, obesity, stress, diabetes etc predispose to cardio vascular disease in humans.However, it is noteworthy that cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes and a precursor for many of the hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids. Chicken Consumption and Early puberty in human females Puberty is considered to be the physiological result of rapid growth and development of the female anatomy as characterized by physical/bodily changes. The global standard on the attainment of puberty by adolescent girls is estimated to be between 10 years and 13 years. Factors such as family disease histories, BMI, family puberty history, stress, sleeping history are being associated with early puberty. It is to be noted that girls must achieve a certain body mass for the onset of puberty to occur. Today, due

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

to lack of exercise, stress and carving for fast foods lead to increased body weight and obesity in younger generations. The obesity rate is increasing in this country at a rapid rate and girls are reaching this point much sooner. Further, it is pointed out that meat is a highly nutritious food commodity which supports the growth and development of any child at a cheaper cost. Healthy life style with healthy food habits should be inculcated to the younger generations. Chicken is given antibiotics, then the chicken meat will have antibiotic residue in it. Just like people, animals sometimes get sick, and treating illness is a responsible part of animal care. When this happens, farmers work with animal health experts and veterinarians to determine if an antibiotic is needed. The vast majority of the antibiotics that we use are never used in human medicine. Chickens are genetically modified. In fact, there are no genetically modified animals commercially available currently. Chickens are raised without males cannot lay. Egg laying is a normal reproductivecycle of female bird. It is clarified that, the female chickens continue to lay egg even with the absence of male

birds. The only difference with the presence and absence of male birds is that, female birds raised with males tend to mate and produce fertile eggs ie. The egg can be used both for table and hatching purpose. On the other hand, the females that are raised without the male birds lay infertile eggs which doesn't hatch out on incubation. These eggs can only be usedfor table purpose. Today, in commercial layer industry, the females are reared in the absence of males as the eggs are only used for human consumption and not for hatching. Bird Flu Scare The bird ﬂu scare had kept many people away from the consumption of chicken meat and eggs, although properly cooked poultry meat and eggs have been marked safe for human consumption. Persons who are in direct contact with the affected birds are having more chance of getting the infection when they handled them without Per sonal Protective Equipments. Chicken and Coronavirus There is a sharp drop in the demand of chicken meat and egg since spread of COVID 19 disease in India in March 2020. The label 'coronavirus' doesn't denote a single virus. Instead, it stands for a group of related viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, the MERS CoV, bovine coronaviruses, avian coronaviruses and other s. The recent 'novel'

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coronavirus, officially called SARSCoV-2,belong to the genus Betacoronavirus. The avian coronavirus, belong to the genus Gammacoronaviruswhich causes Infectious Bronchitis (IB)Disease in Chickens. IB was first described in the USA in the year 1931, since then even a single incident of avian corona virus being transmitted from chicken to human has not been established. In fact, human health professionals had recommended the consumption of protein rich foods like egg or meat to improve the immunity against the COVID 19 disease. Conclusion India's domestic consumption of meat products remains far low against the recommendations of the Indian Council of medical research (ICMR) though the country ranks third and fourth place in the world in terms of egg and chicken meat production.The cheapest source of high-quality protein may be consumed without any panic as per the levels recommended by the ICMR. However, specific dietary guidelines must be followed in case of any disease conditions as per the recommendations of health professionals. The consumers should be aware to rely on verified scientific reports,before making any decisions concerning own health, the health of your fellow humans, as well as of the birds and animals around.

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

Article

The Impact Of Dietary Sodium Diformate (Acidomix Df+) On The Performance of Layers – A Short Review

Christian Luckstadt1 and Sarah Mellor2

Microbiological integrity of eggs is an important issue, while bacterial pathogens in feed and environment of layer units can have serious consequences for bird health and productivity. Salmonella is the most widely understood bacterial pathogen in egg production, which, according to Farooq (2001) is among the bacterial species inﬂuencing higher losses in chicken and was abundantly found in bedding material of chicken (42%), drinkers (36%), feed (28%) and water tanks (17%) of poultry farms. However, opportunistic Gram-negative pathogens such as E. coli and Campylobacter can just as easily take hold. Colibacillosis, a syndrome caused by E. coli, is one of the most common infectious bacterial d i s e a s e s o f t h e l a y e r i n d u s t r y. Colibacillosis causes elevated morbidity and mortality leading to economic losses on farm especially around the peak of egg production and throughout the late lay period (Linden, 2015). E. coli infections rank among the top two health concerns for both cage-housed and cage-free layers, according to a survey conducted by the Association of Veterinarians in Egg Production in the US (O'Keefe, 2013). The microbiological safety of table eggs remains therefore the overriding concern of consumers. Jones (2011) has suggested the use of chemical additives to control bacterial pathogens in feed – this may primarily involve the use of organic acids. Organic acids have long been used in animal nutrition to stabilize feed and enhance animal performance. Early studies on these additives were carried out in pig production (Cole et al., 1968); however, they have been increasingly adopted in the layer industry since the early 1990's. Kirchgessner et al. (1992), was among the ﬁrst to report the effects of organic acids (in this case fumaric acid) on productive

ADDCON GmbH, Bitterfeld, Germany; Independent writer, Weinheim, Germany

parameters in layer units. Since that time, this knowledge gradually spread through the industry and the use of these valuable additives has also been adopted in the layer industry. Improving hygienic conditions and poultry performance with the aid of organic acids has been reported by many sources (Desai et al., 2007). An important limitation, however, is that organic acids are rapidly metabolised in the fore-gut (crop to gizzard) of birds, which will reduce their impact on growth performance. More recently, sodium diformate (traded as Acidomix DF+, Venkys, hereafter abbreviated as DF+), has been proven to be effective against pathogenic bacteria along the whole gastro-intestinal tract in the case of Salmonella and Campylobacter, as reported by Lückstädt and Theobald (2009). Under commercial conditions, a large-scale feeding trial in Spain found a 99% reduction in intestinal E. coli contamination in birds fed 0.3% DF+ in the feed between 47 and 50 weeks of age. Furthermore, a later study by Kühlmann et al. (2012) found similar E. coli reduction rates, but also that beneﬁcial bacteria in the gut were unaffected. Pathogenic load in eggs is not the only concern to the layer industry. Poor eggshell quality is a huge hidden cost to the egg producer. It is estimated that more than 10% of eggs produced in the hen house are uncollectible or break before intended use, partly consisting of shell less, cracked or broken eggs, to the extent that they are not suitable for collection. Gupta (2008) stated that 'every effort must be directed towards improving shell quality and reducing egg breakage'. A commercial study in the Philippines found that feeding 0.2% DF+ between 65 to 69 weeks of age improved egg quality during this period (Table 1). Here, the improved eggshell quality was found to

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result from the addition of the acidiﬁer to the diet, which increases the availability of the calcium to the bird, as reported by numerous other sources. As a result, the incidence of cracked eggs was reduced by 19% in the diet containing DF+.

These findings were further validated by Kühlmann et al. (2012), who found similar effects on eggshell quality parameters, in this case significantly improved eggshell thickness (0.32 mm and 0.34 mm for control and NDF-fed layers respectively). Not only is the use of acidifiers in the feed a successful strategy to reduce pathogen load and improve egg quality in layer units, it also has potential benefits in increasing productivity. This was proven in several studies, carried out under a wide range of climate zones – reaching form dry-hot – as found in India, via hot and humid (Nigeria) to the temperate climate in Europe. In a 12-week study at the Veterinary College and Research Institute in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India, the inclusion of 5 different levels of DF+ (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25% DF+) was tested against a negative control diet, using 270 commercial White Leghorn layers of 50 weeks of age. At the commercially relevant doses of 0.1% and 0.2% DF+, hen-day egg production was significantly increased, compared to the control diet. This would translate into an increase of 7 or 13 eggs per year and hen, respectively (Table 2). The feed efficiency in this trial was also improved significantly at these doses (Mani et al., 2014, data not shown).

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

A further trial under much more humid conditions was carried out in Nigeria to validate the aforementioned results. Here, the impact of 0.3% dietary sodium diformate on performance and health in laying hens from 55 weeks of age was studied over a period of eight weeks. The treatment and control groups (1050 birds per group) each received a commercial layer diet throughout the trial (Table 3). Feed intake over the trial period was lower in the birds that received the DF+ diet (119 vs. 122 g/bird/day; P<0.001), while hen-day egg production improved over the same period highly signiﬁcantly (85.9 vs. 77.7 % in DF+ and control groups, respectively; P<0.001).

The average number of eggs laid over the experimental period was 57,518 in the group given the DF+ diet, compared to only 51,047 in the control group (P<0.001). At the end of the trial, total egg weight was 3510 kg in the DF+ group, compared to 2910 kg in the controls, although due to the collection method, no s t a t i s t i c a l comparison was possible. Finally, the use of t h e a d d i t i v e l e d t o a h i g h l y signiﬁcantly reduced mortality (0.67 v. 3.81 % in the DF+ and control groups, respectively; P<0.001). A Colombian trial under rather subtropical conditions was carried out with Babcock Brown hens. The birds were aged 44 weeks and the trial lasted for 10 weeks. The ﬁrst 5 weeks without the additive, while from week 49 onwards 0.25% DF+ was added to the diet (Table 4). The daily feed intake was set to 115 g/d. Layers fed with 0.25% DF+ have a

significantly (P=0.015) increased hen-day egg production by 1.1%. At the same time, the egg weight increased highly significantly (P<0.001) by more than 2% and the percentage of AA-eggs and AAAeggs of the overall number of eggs (data not shown) was also significantly improved. Finally, the increased production was achieved with an improved feed efficiency by almost 3%, which meant that 1 kg egg weight was produced with 60 g less feed, compared to the control. And all the improved performance parameter were achieved despite the older age of the hens. A similar impact on the egg weight was noticed at a commercial layer farm in Spain. There, almost 31,000 layers aged 48 weeks had been fed with 0.3% sodium diformate (daily feed intake at 105 g) for 3 weeks only. Within that rather short time, the egg weight increased notably by around 0.5% - and dropped by the same level when the acidifier usage stopped, clearly demonstrating the impact of dietary DF+. An additional trial on short-term usage in layers was performed in Russia (Table 5). Over a period of only 18 days, the impact of 0.1% DF+ on layer performance under commercial conditions was tested. Hens were aged 50 weeks and almost 119,000 birds were used in the trial.

Layers fed with the acidifier had a considerably increased performance (29% lower number of broken eggs and 21% less mortality), while achieving at the same time a greatly improved feed efficiency, which is reflected in the lower feed costs per 100 eggs by more than 5%, thus saving scarce feed resources.

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Figure 1: Effect of 0.15% DF+ on hen-day production (%) in Lohmann Brown hens aged 48 weeks A recent trial in Europe (Slovakia) proved once more, that the concept of using sodium diformate in layers helps in increasing productivity, especially in aging birds. Figure 1 shows commercial data of Lohmann Brown hens which were fed between week 48 and 68 during a long-term trial with 0.15% DF+. Data clearly show that the hen-day egg production of the NDF-fed birds is signiﬁcantly above the norm given for this b re e d . A f te r 1 0 we e k s of u s i n g , productivity was 5.7% above norm, while at the termination of the trial, the DF+ hens had a HD% of 9.2% above the norm for the hens at that age. The use of organic acid salts in the diet clearly has a range of beneﬁcial effects in layer production. Firstly, their application in biosecurity management through the feed assists the bird to combat bacterial pathogens. Their conferred improvements in nutrient digestibility, especially that of minerals like calcium leads to better egg quality. Improving nutrient availability by including dietary organic acids in the diet, also plays a role in the number of eggs produced, as healthy, wellconditioned birds are more productive. This concept has been proven the world over and the use of organic acids, their salts – and especially dietary sodium diformate (Acidomix DF+) is irrefutably an effective and sustainable tool to enhance layer performance under all production conditions, in terms of egg quality, safety as well as productivity. For Further information Please contact :

Dr. Parag P Mahadik - 09421691240 Venkys india Ltd – Venkateshwara House, S. No. 114/A/2, Sinhagad Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411030 Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

Article

Prolonged Storage of Eggs in Hatcheriesin 2nd Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic to Buffer Disrupted Supply Chain. In December 2020 as the COVID-19 cases receded it looked as if the pandemic is over and we have passedit but our misconceptions where soon shattered as the second wave of corona has hit that too with much greater impact socially and economically. Poultry has become an important part of the food as a source of protein and its importance has become more vital in pandemic as proteins diets help to develop efficient immune response and speedy recovery. Poultr y has no direct role in spreading corona virus but there are chances of indirectspread through manual handling of people. In the second wave poultry farmers might experience difficulties in selling hatched chicks as they don't have enough housing due to reduced output as restaurants, hotels and fast food chains might get closed. In anticipation of this situation continuing, some hatcheries have reduced the number of eggs set. This means they will need to store hatching eggs for a longer period. Hatcheries with their own breeder flocks or breeder flocks under contract will be par ticularly affected, as they have a continuous supply of hatching eggs. For this part of the industry, it is even more important than usual to ensure optimal egg storage conditions.

Zulfqarul Haq, Azmat Alam Khan and Nazir Ahmed*

When hatching eggs are supplied continuously, each day that they are kept in the storage room adds to the eggs' age. This has a negative impact on hatchability and chick quality once the eggs are set. Below we offer hatcher y managers some practical measures for reducing the negative effects of prolonged egg storage. The consequences of prolonged egg storage Ÿ

Reduced internal egg quality: watery albumen and weaker yolk vitelline membrane

Egg weight loss due to evaporation of water

Reduced viability of embryo and thus lower hatchability

Reduced chick quality (especially navel) and strong indications of reduced farm performance

Longer incubation time

Normal storage of eggs

A closer look at a new-laid egg A fertile egg laid by a breeder hen contains an embryo consisting of 40,000-60,000 already differentiated cells. At the moment of oviposition, it is in developmental stage IX or X. As the egg cools down from the same temperature as the hen's body, cell division and development

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ICAR-Poultry Seed Project, Division of Livestock Production and Management, SKUAST-K, India * Directorate of Extension SKUAST-K Shalimar.

continue as long as the internal egg t e m p e r a t u re re m a i n s a b o v e 25˚C/77˚F. If cooling down goes too quickly the embryo might not reach stage XII-XIII, its storage resistant stage. Ideally the egg should cool down gradually to below 25˚C/77˚F over a period of approximately six hours. When the egg is kept below this temperature, the embryo goes into a state of dormancy. The technical t e r m f o r t h i s i s ' d i a p a u s e' . Embryonic development will only start up again when the temperature is increased at the onset of incubation, or if the egg holding conditions are poor. If eggs c o o l d o w n to o s l o w l y a f te r oviposition, the embr yo will develop too far and gastrulation will start; these embryos will not survive storage, not even for a few days under good conditions. A side effect of the eggs cooling down is the formation of the air cell. The shell is rigid and hardly shrinks at all, but the egg content does. This causes negative pressure in the egg and as a result, air enters through the pores to counteract this. Air takes the path of least resistance, so most enters at the blunt end, where more pores are located than at the equator or sharp end of the egg. During cooling down, and also Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

during the ﬁrst few days of storage, CO2 diffuses through the pores in the egg shell into the environment, simply because the CO2concentration outside the egg is about 100 times lower than inside the egg. This creates a rise in the pH of the albumen from 7.6 initially to 9.2, while the pH of the yolk stays constant at about 6.5. The embryo, which is situated between the yolk and the albumen, is exposed to this pH gradient, which is essential for proper embr yonic development. The elimination of CO2 from the egg also plays a role in making the thick, gelatinous albumen more liquid, and this is believed to i m p r o v e t h e e m b r y o' s g a s exchange, and thus supply of oxygen to the embryo, during early incubation. Both these changes are part of the process of preparing the fertilised egg for incubation, known as the adaptation period. This is why very fresh eggs are not suitable for incubation; for best results, one or two days of storage are needed, and eggs from some layer breeders might require even longer.

remains virtually constant around Ph 6.5, so that the embryo, situated on the yolk, is exposed to a pHgradient. This optimises early embryonic development.

Advice Ÿ

Allow eggs to cool gradually, from the hen's body temperature to between 18 - 25 ˚C in 6 - 8 hours; do not place them in storage (especially not if already placed on setter trays) too quickly after lay. Minimize the duration of storage to counter negative effects. Be aware that storage starts on the day of egg production, not necessarily the same as the date of receipt at the hatchery.

Label each batch of eggs with its actual date of production.

Maintain optimal climatic conditions during storage (see table), taking the planned duration of storage into consideration.

Normal storage of eggs Best practice is to set hatching eggs 2–3 days after laying and avoid storing eggs for longer than 7 days. Egg storage is the time between oviposition (laying) and the start of the incubation process for hatching eggs. Optimal hatching results and chick quality can be achieved if eggs are set af ter an initial adaptation period of about 1 to 2 days. This allows carbon dioxide to be released from the egg, which increases albumen pH from 7.6 at oviposition to pH 8.8 - 9.3. Yolk pH

Consider having two separate storage rooms, each with speciﬁc climate conditions, if storage time is not constant.

Store eggs small end up, starting on the ﬁrst day of storage, if hatchery planning dictates that eggs must be stored more than 10 days. Alternatively, if eggs are stored on setter trays (blunt ends up), turn them 90° once daily. www.pixie.co.in

Choose the upper limit of recommended temperature ranges if there is a risk of 'sweating' when eggs are removed from storage. Gradual

warming in a 'pre-processing ro o m ' a t a n i n te rm e d i a te temperature may be necessary. Ÿ

Position eggs in storage to avoid direct air flow from egg room coolers and/or humidifiers - and sufficiently removed from the heating system.

Do not place eggs directly against the wall or on the ﬂoor in the storage room.

Allow extra incubation time for stored eggs: on average one hour extra for each additional day after an i n i t i a l s t o r a g e p e r i o d of three days.

Pre-storage incubation and SPIDES: New procedures in hatching egg storage It is common practice for hatching eggs to be stored for several days before starting incubation. If temperature (18-20°C; 64.5-70 °F) and humidity (75%) in storage rooms are controlled properly, eggs can be stored for one week without signiﬁcantly reducing hatchability or chick quality. Longer periods of storage however do affect the vitality of the embryo.Causing increased early and late embryonic mortality, a Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

delay in hatch and reduced chick quality. To overcome this, new approaches to egg storage management are being trialled among hatchery managers. In earlier 1960s it was demonstrated that hatchabilities increased when eggs were incubated for short periods before being stored. At the turn of the century it was showed that after six hours of pre-storage incubation, chicken embryos reach the more storage resistant hypoblast stage of embryonic development. The subsequent introduction of 3-6 hours' pre-storage incubation in layer hen hatcheries has shown that eggs stored for more than 11 days produce 3-7% more females. In the broiler industry, embryonic temperature stimulation during pre-storage incubation has been adapted still further to deliver multiple periods of stimulation. Dymond and coworkers have shown that three-to-four 'Short Periods of Incubation During Egg Storage' or 'SPIDES' - of 21 days increased hatchabilities and reduced hatching time when compared to the hatchabilities and hatching times of eggs stored for similar periods of 21 days (controls). When practicing SPIDES, eggs are transferred from the storage room to a pre-warmed or running incubator and cooled again to storage temperature as soon as eggshell temperature reaches a maximum of 32°C (90°F). The time needed to reach 32°C (90°F) varies with incubator type, but is typically after 3-6 hours incubation at 37.838 °C (100.0-100.4 °F). To prevent embryos from developing beyond 22

the storage resistant stage, care must be taken that, during the complete or multiple SPIDES treatments, the cumulative time that eggshell temperature rises above 32°C (90°F) does not exceed 12 hours. Guidelines for designing a hatchery speciﬁc SPIDES protocol Ÿ

Calculate a cost beneﬁt analysis to establish whether SPIDES management is proﬁtable.

Prevent an increase in hatch windows by pre-warming and cooling eggs uniformly in the incubator.

Carry out small-scale trials to establish optimum timing and length of incubation treatments during storage for your speciﬁc hatchery and egg types.

Start SPIDES only when all eggs are pre-warmed to 25°C.

Perform SPIDES treatment only when eggs are placed on setter trays to assure uniform egg temperature during incubation. S P I D E S o n pa p e r t r a y s i s impossible.

Cool eggs in the incubator as soon as eggshell temperature reaches 32 °C (90 °F) and before putting the eggs back into the storage room.

Points when eventually setting long stored eggs It is worth trying to implement as many measures as you can to reduce the impact of prolonged egg storage because eventually the eggs you have stored will probably be needed for incubation. Some important points for you to consider when it comes to setting these eggs: www.pixie.co.in

Once more: beware of 'sweating' when moving eggs from cold storage room to warm setter room.

Lower egg storage temperature requires longer preheating.

Set earlier to compensate for longer incubation time (one hour per day of storage), unless heat treatment was applied during egg storage.

Consider increasing the t u r n i n g f re q u e n c y d u r i n g incubation to four times per hour. This has been shown to have a beneﬁcial effect on 14day stored eggs of old breeders.

Expect a lower hatchability compared to setting fresh eggs; more eggs need to be set to produce the required number of day-old chicks.

Conclusions One treatment of pre-storage incubation or multiple treatments/ SPIDES (Shor t Periods of Incubation During Egg Storage) has been shown to improve hatchability and chick quality if eggs are stored for seven days or more. The interval between incubation treatments is typically 5-6 days.Prestorage incubation and SPIDES change storage management at the hatchery signiﬁcantly but this may be compensated for economically by restored hatchabilities.SPIDES management protocols need to be designed speciﬁcally for the management practices and equipment of individual hatcheries. r

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Article 26

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Article

Impact Of Heat Stress On Poultry

Damien Blondeau & Kurt Van de Mierop Nutrex NV,Belgium

contributes to increased gut permeability and immune and metabolic dysfunction.

Stress is a method adopted by the body to cope with any challenge. Birds in particular are ver y sensitive to environmental challenges such as high ambient temperatures which cause heat stress. In poultry, heat stress has undesirable effects on gut health, nutrient digestion and absorption, the immune system and increases the oxidative stress levels, leading to a decrease in productivity and increase in economic losses for producers. Gut health The gastrointestinal tract is particularly responsive to stressors. Under heat stress conditions, morphological and physiological changes are observed which negatively affect the functionality and integrity of the intestinal epithelium and increase the susceptibility to diseases such as Salmonella spp. infections. Heat stress affects the gut permeability due to the disruption and alteration of the tight junction proteins. Also, through vasodilation, heat stress reduces the blood flow to the epithelial cells, resulting in a lower supply of oxygen and nutrients to the enterocytes. Next to the increase of gut permeability; heat stress also affects the intestinal microbial populations. Heat stress increases the abundance of harmful bacteria while decreasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria. This profoundly changed micro-biota population also

Figure: The gastrointestinal tract is par ticularly responsive to stressors whereby the tight junctions (A), villi height and crypt depth (B), the microbiota composition (C) and the digestive enzymes (D) are affected. Nutrient absorption and digestion

Oxidative stress

The gut plays a vital role in nutrient absorption and digestion. Morphological alterations of the gut epithelium are observed in heat-stressed poultry. Villus height, crypt depth, villus width, and/or the ratio of villus height to crypt depth are all affected by heat stress, resulting in a reduced villus absorptive surface area and a negative impact on nutrient absorption. In addition, nutrient absorption is reduced due to changes in the expression of intestinal nutrient transporters. Besides the fact that heat stressed birds reduce their feed consumption, heat stress also leads to a reduced dietar y digestibility. The digestibility of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids is reduced by alterations in the activities of digestive enzymes such as amylase, maltase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin. Ultimately, certain essential nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, minerals and vitamins become deficient.

Under environmental stress conditions, like heat stress, cells have a higher energy need and consume double the amount of energy as usual. To fulfil this need, the energy metabolism increases leading to a higher electron leakage out of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria and an increased production of reactive oxygen species. In addition, the increasing concentration of ROS during oxidative stress contributes to an increased intestinal permeability, which facilitates the translocation of bacteria. Furthermore, animals experiencing heat stress have a reduced antioxidant capacity. Consequently, the bird's body will enter a stage of oxidative stress that will damage cells and tissues and causes a further decrease in the bird's performance.

Immune system Heat stress increases susceptibility to diseases in poultr y as it has an immunosuppressing effect. The function of the lymphoid tissues such as the thymus, spleen and bursa, is decreased during heat stress. Lower levels of total circulating antibodies are observed resulting in reduced vaccination efficiency. The function of macrophages is also negatively affected by heat stress. Their number performing phagocytosis as well as their phagocytic ability and their participation in oxidative burst is reduced, resulting in a less effective immune response.

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Growth and production For birds to maintain their normal body temperature and metabolic activities when they are outside of their thermoneutral zone, they have to consume energy that would preferably be used for growth and meat/egg production. When birds are panting to lose heat, they lose 540 kcal of energy for every 1 ml of water evaporation. Additionally, during heat stress, feed consumption decreases while water intake increases resulting in a higher feed conversion rate and alower weight gain and dressing percentage in broilers. Layer and breeder flocks exhibit a decrease in egg production, size and shell quality, hatchability and fertility due to heat stress. References are available upon request.

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Article

Saving Feed Cost by Reformulating Broiler Diets with the Use of Nutrase BXP 200 TS

2 Amit Kumar Patra

Geert Van de Mierop

Product Manager jesse.stoops@nutrex.eu

M.V.Sc(Animal Nutrition) Technical Sales Manager -SOUTH ASIA E amit.patra@nutrex.eu

Managing Director geert.vandemierop@nutrex.eu

Introduction

presence of endo-xylanase and Nutrase BXP 200 TS is a blend of β-glucanase in Nutrase BXP 200 enzymes, containing endo- TS reduces these anti-nutritional x y l a n a s e , β - g l u c a n a s e , α - effects of feed ingredients. amylase and 6-phytase activities. α-amylase. Starch is the main This multi-enzyme complex is energy source in cereals for d e v e l o p e d f o r p ro d u c t i o n production animals. During animals to guarantee an optimal starch digestion, α-amylase and digestibility of feed and supply of gluco-amylase are produced by nutrients to the intestinal the animal and secreted into the microbiota to improve gut small intestines. However, in young animals and during health. Endo-xylanase and β- transition periods the glucanase. Arabinoxylans (AX) endogenous production might and β-glucans are important be insufficient. In this case, the anti-nutritional factors in raw p r e s e n c e of α - a m y l a s e i n feed ingredients. Their most well Nutrase BXP 200 TS will support know anti-nutritional effect is the the animal to digest starch. increase of viscosity in the intestinal content, making digestion and absorption of nutrients extremely difficult. A l s o , u n f a vo r a b l e h i n d g u t fermentation is stimulated. The

Jesse Stoops

6-phytase. Phosphorous (P) is a key element in all known forms of life. In cereal grains, P is mainly stored in the form of phytic acid or phytate. Monogastric animals are unable to utilize P from phytic

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acid or phytate, as they lack endogenous phytase. Nutrase BXP 200 TS contains a bacterial 6-phytase that releases phosphate from phytic acid or phy tate and increases the availability of a whole range of nutrients (e.g. P, Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu). The aim of this trial is to investigate the effect of Nutrase BXP 200 TS to a corn-based diet with reduced energy, P and Ca matrix values on broiler performance. Materials and Methods A pen trial was conducted in which Cobb 430Y male broilers were reared in a poultry house (AgriVet, India) for 42 days. A three phase dietary program (starter d0-14, grower d15-28 and finisher d29-42) was used in which all diets were fed ad libitum. A total of 180 broilers

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were randomly allocated to 3 treatments (Table 1) with 6 replicates per treatment (11 birds/pen at the start of trial). The composition of the dietary diets is listed in Table 2. Body weight and feed intake were recorded at weekly intervals. Feed conversion was calculated from the measured weight gain and feed intake. Pen mortality was recorded to correct feed intake.

feed conversion (by 2.6 points) compared with the negative control group. Moreover, the feed conversion of the Nutrase BXP 200 TS group equaled the FC in birds fed the positive control diet. Conclusions The supplementation of Nutrase B X P 2 0 0 T S i m p ro v e d t h e

performance of broilers fed diets with reduced nutrient and energy levels. Based on these trial results, Nutrase BXP 200 TS can be supplemented to a cornbased diet with matrix values of 100 kcal AME, 0.14% P and 0.12% Ca without any probable detrimental effect on broiler performance.

Results At the end of the trial period (day 42), the birds fed the negative control diet presented the worst results for body weight and feed conversion. The nutrient and energy reductions of the negative control diet effectively reduce broiler growth p e r f o r m a n c e . T h e supplementation of Nutrase BXP 200 TS resulted in a higher body weight (+ 53g) and improved 32

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Press Release 33

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

Press Release 34

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

Ricky Thaper Treasurer, Poultry Federation of India

After dealing with challenges posed by COVID pandemic, Indian poultry industry is now focusing on key aspects like automation at farm level and adoption of stringent bio-safety norms at the farm so that occurrence of viral outbreak could be curbed or reduced. The sustained demand because of a spike in online sales and home delivery of chicken and eggs during the current phase of localised lockdowns is good indicators for the future growth of the poultry industry. Training of manpower (those engaged in online sales as well as wet markets who are carrying out home delivery of meat products) on food safety aspects would go a long way in sustaining the future growth of the poultry industry. Indian broiler meat industr y has been experiencing growth driven by increase in per capita consumption. Poultry, which includes broiler as well as egg sector, is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural sector in the country. While crops production has witnessed around 1.5% to 2% annual growth rate in the last decade, eggs and broilers segments have been rising at a rate of 7-10% annually. The sustained growth in the broiler industry has been the result of technological breakthroughs in breeding, feeding and health, mostly driven by private sector investment. The broiler industry is witnessing growth because of adoption of the integration system which provides opportunities for the rural masses getting support in terms of assured remunerations.

The wet market, which has a major share in distribution and sales of broiler meat, has also witnessed a major shift as consumers are opting for home delivery. This new segment which focuses on 'home delivery' is expected to drive consumption of broilers in coming months and is expected to have a significant share of the consumption basket. The wet market now needs to invest on training of manpower as well as equipment to ensure that broiler meat is delivered taking into consideration hygienic and health aspects. One of the biggest segments which has witnessed growth in the last one year has been the 'online models' where consumers are ordering broiler meat and products for delivery at home, as a large segment of population are staying at home because of restrictions imposed to control COVID and companies opting for Work from Home (WFH) mode. Various players in the 'online or home delivery' segment are growing at significant pace as consumers' preference for getting poultry meat delivered at home. The commercial broiler industry is now following the 'integrators model' where there is contract with multiple smaller farmers who rear the chicks. The live birds are then lifted by the integrators, either for direct sales via wet markets or for slaughter and further processing. In the contract farming, rearing charge prices are prefixed to ensure that farmers are largely insulated from the fluctuations in the market demand. Due to challenges faced by the broiler industry since the beginning of last year, most of the losses incurred due to fluctuations in demand are absorbed by integrators thus helping farmers in tiding over the crisis. With rising cost of labour, there is greater need for the farmers to adopt automation. Ensuring hygienic environment, adoption of food safety regulations etc. and sometimes nonremunerative prices for broiler meat is posing a challenge to the cost effectiveness. With the adoption of automation, feed wastage / shortage of labour and other inputs could be optimised and reduced. Use of Artificial

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Intelligence could help to address many challenges, reducing human interference and improve efficiency of poultry farming. The government must step in to provide support to the farmers. The Rs 15,000 crore Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund announced in June, 2020 by the government should be used for supporting farmers in automation also. The rising feed costs because of higher rates of feed ingredients, mainly corn and soybean meal, prices are pushing up the cost of production of broilers and eggs. The government must ensure availability of feed raw material, either by discontinuing exports for a few months or allowing import of feed ingredients at zero percentage duty during shortage period so that broiler and egg production remains economically viable. It is estimated that the poultry sector provides direct benefit to around 10 million maize and soybean growing farmers while around 50 million people are associated with poultry production value chain – trade, feed manufacturing, agriculture crops and logistics. There is an urgent need for the farmers to follow stringent bio-safety norms. The poultry industry in association with government both at the centre and states should chart out and implement stringent bio-security protocols at the farm levels. Overall, the poultry industry is gearing up for meeting the future challenges through adoption of various measures in biosafety and ensuring consumer confidence in broiler meat and eggs. The livestock sector, especially poultry meat, eggs, fisheries & aquaculture, is contributing to the growth of agriculture and allied sectors in the country. For realizing the Government's aim of doubling farmers' income by 2022, livestock is playing a paramount role and the government must provide sustained support to the sector. For boosting farmers' income, the government must provide financial as well as technological support to livestock in general and poultry industry in particular. This would boost the growth of Indian economy in the coming years. Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

Press Release

Indian Poultry Industry Has Geared Up to Meet The Challenges Posed by COVID

Press Release

Renuka Ramnath Joined Zenex Animal Health as CEO Renuka Ramnath is one of the most experienced private equity fund managers in India with a cycle track record of investing capital raised from Institutions of global repute. She played a pivotal role in shaping the Indian private equity market both in terms of leading pioneering investments as well as opening new pockets of capital for investment into India. For close to three decades in ﬁnancial services, Renuka successfully built several businesses in the ICICI Group including Investment Banking, e-commerce and private equity. As the MD & CEO of ICICI Venture for close to a decade, she led that ﬁrm to become one of the largest private equity funds in India. Renuka turned an entrepreneur to set-up Multiples in 2009. Multiples is a US$ 1 billion Independent private equity fund that has the rare distinction of been backed by 17 Indian and global institutions. Renuka draws immense satisfaction from the fact that she has over several years guided and suppor ted entreprenurs to build successful businesses and create valuable enterprises. Given Renuka's contribution to the industry, she has been featured in many prestigious listings, including

Smt. Renuka Ramnath (South Indian)

Zenex Animal Health Ÿ Top 25 Most Powerful Women in

Business (Business Today, India) Ÿ India's most Powerful CEO's (Economic Times)

Ÿ Top 25 Non Bank Women in Finance (US

Banker's global list) Ÿ Asia's Women in the Mix: The Year's Top

50 for Achievement in Business (Forbes) Ÿ To p 2 5 w o m e n i n A s i a n a s s e t

management (Asian Investor) Ÿ Bombay Management Association's

Management Woman Achiever of the Year Award 2015 www.pixie.co.in

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

Press Release

Zydus Cadila entity to sell its India focused Animal Health Business to Multiples Alternate Asset Management led consortium Ahmedabad, May 12, 2021 Zydus Animal Health and Investments Limited (ZAHL) a wholly owned material subsidiary of Cadila Healthcare Limited, has entered into a Business Transfer Agreement (BTA) and other Ancillar y Agreements ("Deﬁnitive Agreements") to sell and transfer its Animal Healthcare Established Markets Undertaking ("Undertaking" or Zydus AH) to Multiples Alternate Asset Management ("Multiples") led consortium. Zydus AH is the animal health business of ZAHL focused on India and certain other countries. The consortium, including Canada Pension Plan Investment Board ("CPP Investments") and RARE Enterprises ("RARE"), has agreed to purchase the Undertaking through an SPV controlled by them, in the name of Zenex Animal Health India Private Limited. The deal is to sell one of the 37

two business undertakings of ZAHL, called Animal Healthcare Established Markets Undertaking on a slump sale basis as a going concern, for a lump sum consideration of Rs. 2921 crores on a cash free and debt free basis, subject to certain closing date adjustments and other conditions. Zydus AH is the second largest and one of the fastest growing animal health businesses in India. The business enjoys leadership position across a wide spectrum of therapeutic and nutritional products for livestock and poultry animal segments. It employs approximately 700 people and has one manufacturing facility in Haridwar. The Transaction involves transfer of Immovable Assets, Movable Assets, I n v e n t o r y, B r a n d s a n d Intangible Assets, Contracts, Licenses and Permissions, Business Records, Employees along with Employee Beneﬁt Funds, Insurance Policies, www.pixie.co.in

Other Assets and Assumed Liabilities. Mr. Pankaj Patel, Chairman, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., said, "Over the last 3 decades Zydus AH has grown to become a pioneer and market leader in the Indian animal health industry. With Multiples and its consortium partners committed to growing the business, we are sure that Zydus AH will continue to grow and strengthen its position in the industry.” Dr. Arun Atrey, Managing Director, ZAHL said, "The Zydus AH business has a very strong franchise in the market and is extremely well positioned to take advantage of the continued industry growth in India and select expor ts m a r ke t s . We e x p e c t t h i s process to be seamless for our customers, suppliers and other stakeholders, with no disruption to our operations." Commenting on the transaction Ms. Renuka Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

Ramnath, Founder and CEO, Multiples Alternate Asset Management shared, "Zydus AH is a strong leader in the Indian animal health market with strong brands, comprehensive product portfolio and extensive distribution network. We are excited to back Zydus AH's top quality management team led by Dr. Arun Atrey and be able to invest in a business that has been helping farmers enhance their productivity and incomes by delivering innovative animal health solutions". "I expect Multiples to do many such large transactions in the coming years. We are also delighted to partner with CPP Investments and RARE enterprises for our ﬁrst consortium deal. We look forward to working with them and, help the Company unlock its full potential and create value for all stakeholders" Ms. Ramnath added. Mr. Rakesh Jhunjhunwala, Partner, RARE Enterprises said "We are delighted to partner with CPP Investments and Multiples in investing into a market leading business , in a segment which has huge

growth potential and has a top quality management team" ZAHL has another animal healthcare business undertaking which is expected to commence animal health business in the US and certain European countries and this business undertaking is not part of the transaction. Zydus continues to develop the animal health business products for those markets and at present, this business is i n t h e d e ve l o p m e n t a n d investment phase.

About Multiples Alternate Asset Management

About Zydus Cadila

Multiples is India’s leading private equity platform distinguished by its long and s u c c e s s f u l e x p e r i e n c e of partnering Indian entrepreneurs. Multiples was founded in 2009 and during this decade has backed 20 Indian businesses to build aspirational, distinctive and responsible businesses. Multiples focuses on 4 core sectors of ﬁnancial services; pharma & healthcare; consumer and consumer-tech and technology. Some of Multiples’ distinctive investment-par tnerships i n c l u d e P V R , D e l h i v e r y, Encube, DreamSports, Quantiphi and Vastu Housing Finance. For more information, visit www.multiplesequity.com

Zydus Cadila is an innovative, global pharmaceutical c o m pa n y t h a t d i s c o ve r s ,

https://www.linkedin.com/co mpany/multiples-alrernateasset-management-pvt-ltd

Business transfer details Multiples, along with its consor tium par tners, will acquire 100% business of Zydus AH through a slump sale transaction. The transaction is subject to closing conditions and receipt of all statutory and other approvals and is expected to be completed within a period of 90 days. For Zydus, Moelis & Co, Mumbai acted as an investment banker and Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas & Co. acted as the Legal Advisors.

For further information please contact: The Corporate Communications Department

develops, manufactures, and markets a broad range of healthcare therapies. The group employs nearly 25000 people worldwide and is dedicated to creating healthier communities globally. For more information visit www.zyduscadila.com

Cadila Healthcare Limited Regd. Office: ‘Zydus Corporate Park’, Scheme No. 63, Survey No. 536, Khoraj (Gandhinagar), Nr. Vaishnodevi Circle, G.S. Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, India. Phone : +91-079-71800000, +91-07948040000, www.zyduscadila.com CIN : L24230GJ1995PLC025878

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

TOPIC Challenges that cold weather bring for the livestock

January

Winter Management for Poultry

Ways to avoid any trouble Temprature Fluctuation Respiratory Disease

February

Disease Management

Different type of Infections Strategies to avoid them Adaptability

March

Innovations

Effect to production New culture it brings Feeding and Watering Equipments

April

Housing

Automatic Sheds Labour Management Consequences of heat

May

Heat Stress

Ways to spot heat stress Strategies to compact the impact Price Fluctuation

June

Eggs

Cold Chain Management Productivity Fluctuation Processing Equipments

July

Processing

Management of growng chicken Cold Chain Management Price Fluctuation

August

Feed

Energy requirements and feed intake Equipments Live Vaccines Overview

September

Medications

Antibiotics vs Organic Are growth promoters beneficial?

October

Breeding

Layer Breeding Management Boiler Breeding Management Antimicrobial Carcass Treatments

November

Bio-Secutrity

Gass emission Ecological Balance Year gone by..

December Industry Outlook

What to expect from next year? NewRules, Policies- The conclusion.

NOTE: 1. There will be regular columns such as Industry News, Product News, Press Releases, CSR, Company Spotlight and Interviews, Event Calenders, Egg Rate, Food for thought, Awards, Appointments and Trivia. 2. We request you to send articles in word format. 3. Deadline: 8th of every month for the editorial content. 12th of every month for the advertisement material. 4. Please send your valuable contributions to poultry.pcsl@gmail.com

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

Editorial Calender

MONTH

News

Cobb taps top talent to drive workforce forward Cobb name Brian Sorensen as Global Senior Director of Human Resources

Cobb is continuing to build and support an industry-leading workforce, naming Brian Sorensen as its new global senior director of human resources. Sorensen will lead the creation and implementation of human resources processes to support the global Cobb team as it brings affordable, healthy, and quality protein tothe world. He will help shape the c o m p a n y ’s f u t u r e b y e n s u r i n g industry-leading practices are in place for talent acquisition, talent development, total rewards, employee relations, and compliance. Sorensen will also provide leadership and oversight of environmental compliance and team member health and safety across Cobb’s international footprint. He will play a key role in building and supporting a culture that makes Cobb a top place to work. “Brian is an important addition to the Cobb family as our industry and ways of working continue to evolve,” said Stan Reid, interim president. “He brings experience from multiple business sectors and involvement in international assignments, which means the Cobb team will beneﬁt from new expertise. We look forward to 40

seeing him apply his knowledge to advance Cobb’s human resources department, training, recruiting, and safety efforts around the world.”

issued a statement saying that there have been no recorded cases of H10 bird ﬂu in the country.

Sorensen has over 20 years’ experience working in talent acquisition, development, and HR. His career includes stops at Tyson Foods, UPS, Saatchi & Saatchi X, and The Home Depot. Most recently, Sorensen served as HR director for Tyson Foods, working with its supply chain, procurement, engineering, and continuous improvement teams. In 2019, he completed a shortterm assignment in Europe where he led the HR integration of an existing business acquired from Brazilian food processor BRF. While there, he implemented talent policies and procedures, led change management activities, and rebuilt the local HR team. Sorensen holds a bachelor’s degree in sociology and anthropology from the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, and he later obtained a master’s degree in operations management from the University of Arkansas’ College of Engineering. In 2020, he earned his Global Professional in Human Resources® (GPHR®) certiﬁcation. “I am thrilled to join Cobb and become par t of this global family,” said Sorensen. “There is such a rich history with this company and so many things to look forward to as we continue to grow and help feed a growing world population with healthy and affordable chicken.”

In a statement issued on 7 June, the agriculture ministr y and wider Egyptian cabinet confirmed that there have been no recorded cases of the H10 bird flu strain in any regions of the countr y. The statement came in response to reports on websites and social media pages telling readers that Egypt was seeing cases of a new H10 strain of avian influenza. The ministry stressed that comprehensive examinations of potential bird flu cases are conducted regularly and that samples are analysed at the Animal Health Research Institute – a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)accredited reference lab. The OIE has also designated Egypt as free from bird flu. However, the ministry will intensify its disease surveillance efforts on poultry farms, markets and along the bird migration paths as a precautionary measure. Vaccination campaigns will also be implemented in various governates across Egypt.

Brazil's BRF receives Egypt’s agriculture Certified Humane Seal m i n i s t r y d e n i e s for Sadia Bio line BRF SA , Brazil's leading poultr y reports of new bird flu processor, has earned the Certified Humane Seal for animal welfare for strain After reports of a new H10 bird flu strain in Egypt emerged on social media and other websites, the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation www.pixie.co.in

broilers produced for its Sadia Bio range.

Integrated rural producers, who supply poultry to BRF for the Sadia Bio line, have been recer tiﬁed with the Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

international Certified Humane seal. The recognition, of NGO Humane Farm Animal Care, is granted to those who apply good animal welfare practices and, in order to obtain it, the farms need to provide an environment that stimulates the natural behavior of birds, such as scratching, sputtering and flapping wings. In all, the 14 i ntegrated producer s obtai ned recertification, in 24 production centers, in 192 aviaries, which benefits about 26 million birds per year.

Beyond the seal Certified Humane, BRF also has other certifications that attest to good animal welfare practices, including Global GAP and National Chicken Council, where standards are assessed by PAACO certified auditors (Professional Animal Auditor Certification Organization).

Argentine customs strike on 8 June to hit grain exports Grain exports from Argentina were likely to be affected by a seven-hour strike by customs ofﬁcers on Tuesday, as the ofﬁcials press for priority access to coveted COVID-19 vaccinations, the port manager said on Monday 7 June.

The birds that live in the certified farms are fed with vegetable feed, only with cereals, minerals and vitamins and do not receive any type of growthpromoting substance, preventive or even therapeutic antibiotics. Since 2020, the certification has been expanded, tripling the volume of p ro d u c t s s u i t a b l e f o r C e r t i fie d Humane's protocols. “Comfor t and environmental enrichment are basic principles of the breeding environment for birds. Partner producers have emergency plans on their properties to guide them in relation to what to do in case of accidents and receive constant training to ensure the best care for animals,” explains Mariana Modesto, Sustainability director at BRF. “In addition, the minimum stocks of water and quality feed are guaranteed. For water, the stock is sufficient for 24 hours and, for feed, the minimum storage capacity guarantees a day of consumption in the week before slaughter in 100% of the properties. In addition to the other procedures, the Company is ensuring that the needs of the birds are constantly met,” he concludes. 41

"It seems that it is going to affect all exports of all ports in Argentina," Guillermo Wade, manager of the Chamber of Por t and Maritime Activities (CAPyM), told Reuters.

Tugboat captains similarly walked off the job last month to pressure the government into giving them vaccines, as the South American grains powerhouse gets hit by a second wave of infections at the height of soy and corn harvesting season. Argentina is the world's number-three exporter of corn and its top supplier of soymeal livestock feed used to fatten hogs and poultry from Europe to Southeast Asia. The South American grains powerhouse also exports wheat, mostly to neighboring Brazil. "Customs ofﬁcers need to be present for import and export operations, so we hope this will be solved," Wade added. www.pixie.co.in

Such a short work stoppage was not expected to have a major impact on shipments from Argentina. But shipments could get bogged down if longer strikes are called. Citing lack of progress in negotiations with the government over access to vaccines, the Argentine Union of Customs Personnel said in a statement on Friday that the strike will happen in the middle of the work day on 8 June. "Depending on the result, union actions may intensify after Tuesday," t h e l a b o r o rg a n i z a t i o n s a i d . A spokesman for the customs union was not available for comment on Monday. Exports from Argentina's Pampas grains belt are the country's top source of export dollars needed to help fund the government's COVID-19 relief efforts as the country wrestles its way out of an economic recession that started in 2018. More than 81,000 people in Argentina have died of COVID-19. Citing the recent uptick in cases and deaths, Argentina's SOEA oilseeds workers union has threatened to walk out on Wednesday. "If by 9 June our colleagues do not begin to be vaccinated, the only alternative that we will have left to be heard, will be to carry out direct union action," SOEA said.

Anne-Marie Neeteson receives British P o u l t r y C o u n c i l ’s Special Merit Award Re c o g n i t i o n f o r A n n e - M a r i e ’s steadfast efforts to progress animal welfare and sustainable development

Aviagen® is proud to announce that Anne-Marie Neeteson, Global Vice Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

working group that adopted ﬁve of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as areas where the global poultry meat sector can make a difference. And again this year, as an active and longstanding member of the IPC and proponent of animal welfare, she was appointed as chair to an IPC working group on Animal Health and Welfare, Communication and Food Quality.

President of Welfare, Sustainability & Compliance for Aviagen Group, has been honored with the British Poultry Council (BPC) Special Merit Award for 2019. The award recognizes AnneMarie’s work in representing the industry on a global level to promote the causes of animal welfare and sustainable development. According to her award letter from the BPC, she has been “invaluable in progressing the science around these issues and helping the industry take a leadership role in addressing them.” Due to COVID-19 restrictions, the formal award presentation was postponed, but the BPC reports that it hopes to hold the event this year, and Anne-Marie will be formally presented with her certificate at that time. “Anne-Marie is passionate about protecting the welfare of birds and advancing sustainability for the benefit of the planet, as well as our customers and the communities they serve. She works tirelessly, both at Aviagen and through her work with industry and welfare organizations, to implement continuous improvements that have a positive ripple effect on these causes. Anne-Marie is an asset to our team and to the wider poultry industry, and I congratulate her on this latest merit award,” commented Alfons Koerhuis, Chief Technical Officer, Aviagen Group. In 2019, Anne-Marie Neeteson led the International Poultry Council (IPC) 42

Alfons added that, through her extensive work with the IPC, the BPC and others, Anne-Marie is putting into practice Aviagen’s Top 5 Commitment of Transparency, Communication and Engagement, which corresponds with the SDGs prioritized by the IPC, in particular SDG 9: Industry, Innovation a n d I n f r a s t r u c t u re . E s s e n t i a l l y, members of the food supply chain m u s t w o r k t o g e t h e r, s h a r i n g knowledge and experiences to further bird welfare and sustainability. Aviagen has put together an engaging interactive presentation on the company’s efforts toward Breeding Sustainability and Animal Welfare, which are inextricably linked.

Cargill CEO gives outlook on plantbased meat and China’s feed industry Cargill’s Chief Executive Ofﬁcer David MacLennan spoke at the National Grain and Feed Association on 4 June, telling delegates that plant-based protein could cannibalize US and global meat demand. The plant-based protein industry will eat into consumer demand for meat as the rapidly growing sector expands, Cargill Inc Chief Executive Ofﬁcer said on Friday. "Our analysis is that in ... three to four years plant-based will be perhaps 10% of the market. We're a large beef producer and that is a big part of our p o r t f o l i o . S o t h e re's s o m e www.pixie.co.in

cannibalization that will occur," MacLennan said at a National Grain and Feed Association convention. Privately held Cargill is a supplier of pea protein to meat alternative company Beyond Meat Inc through its joint venture with PURIS Foods. MacLennan then went on to say that China’s feed grain industry isn’t likely to become self-sufﬁcient. Reuters reports that the industry will still depend on imports despite the country's efforts to ramp up domestic production. Tightening domestic supplies of feed grains and soaring demand from China's pork producers has triggered record feed grain import purchases this year. The surge in import demand has come despite directives by Beijing to boost domestic grain output and reformulate pig and poultry feed rations to reduce reliance on imported corn and soy. "I think they realize comparative advantage ... Grow and produce what ﬁ t s yo u r c l i m a te , y o u r n a t u r a l resources, your soil, your water supply. They don't have it the way we, Brazil, Australia do." "They need to depend on trade," he added.

DSM launches Sustell™ to drive improvements in the environmental Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

footprint and proﬁtability of animal protein production

Sustell is an intelligent sustainability service designed to drive improvements in the environmental footprint and profitability of animal protein production Royal DSM, a global science-based company active in Nutrition, Health and Sustainable Living, has launched Sustell™ — a first-of-its-kind intelligent sustainability service that delivers accurate, simple, and actionable farm-level solutions – to improve the environmental footprint and profitability of animal protein production.

Through Sustell™, DSM is underlining its commitment to its strategic initiative We Make It Possible, which is driving a robust and achievable global transformation toward sustainable a n i m a l p ro t e i n p ro d u c t i o n . B y leveraging digital and data-driven solutions such as Sustell™, DSM is advancing its precision animal farming journey towards a brighter future. DSM has developed Sustell™ together with Blonk, a recognized independent expert and leader in Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and sustainability performance in the food and agriculture ﬁelds. The Sustell™ service is built around a state-of-the-art Intelligence Platform that is connected to the Blonk APSfootprint tool, together with an ‘Expert Center’ made up of a team of DSM and Blonk experts in LCA, animal nutrition and sustainability. The Expert Center partners with animal protein producers, assessing the

baseline environmental footprint of their animal production using their actual farm and feed data rather than industry averages and proxy data sets, and then developing case-speciﬁc inter vention scenarios known as ‘what-if’ models to make measurable sustainability improvements. In this way, Sustell™ combines an advanced, powerful sustainability calculation tool that utilizes real farm data, with expert knowledge, tailor-made, practical solutions and business development projects to unlock the value of sustainability. Sustell™ achieves the seemingly impossible – simplifying the complexity of measuring, validating and improving the environmental sustainability of animal protein

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transparently, scientifically, farm by farm, system by system. Animal farming companies and the associated value chain, have, for the first time, a p o we r f u l s o l u t i o n to m e a s u re , compare and improve the sustainability of animal protein. David Nickell, Vp Sustainability & Business Solutions Dsm Animal Nutrition & Health Sustell™ is a global service, built on validated protocols, calculation methodologies and proven processes that meet international standards. It provides accurate, globally recognized, comparable analyses and results of environmental impact assessments, inter ventions and improvements throughout the animal protein value chain: Compliant with the internationally recognized FAO LEAP (Livestock Environmental Assessment and Per formance) and Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR). Following calculation guidelines from IPCC, and in alignment with ISO 14040/44. Built on credible and sound food, feed and agriculture databases like the Agri-footprint database and GFLI (Global Feed LCA Institute). Covers the 17 largest agricultural producing countries in the world where the animal production systems can be defined in detail thanks to country-specific data. Analyses the environmental impact of 19 different categories including climate change, resource use, water scarcity, marine and freshwater eutrophication, ozone depletion, to name only a few, corresponding to impact assessment method Environmental Footprint 2.0. providing global recognition for the results. By providing deep insights into farmlevel emissions Sustell™ opens new possibilities for the wider value chain, including the ability to certify and incentivize sustainable farm practices. 44

For example, retailers and financial institutions will be able to objectively manage the risks and opportunities relating to the environmental footprint of animal protein. In addition, Sustell™ enables farmers to accurately forecast the impact of sustainability measures on financial performance. Hans Blonk, CEO Blonk Consultants & Blonk Sustainability Tools: “We are excited to be launching Sustell™ today alongside DSM – a truly intelligent sustainability service that is front and center to our mission at Blonk – to support organizations in addressing the challenge of making the global production and consumption of food more sustainable.” Ivo Lansbergen, President DSM Animal Nutrition & Health: “To sustainably feed almost 10 billion people by 2050 within our planetary boundaries, we must apply new thinking, technologies and business models. Together, we must shift away from criticizing animal farmers for their environmental impact and instead help and support them by providing the tools and systems to improve the sustainability footprint of animal farming. In line with this ambition, Sustell™ is a first-of-its-kind service that will enable positive change for business and the environment – and help deliver on our purpose of creating brighter lives for all.”

demand for the protein from consumers conscious about health, animal welfare and the environment. Retail sales of meat substitutes in AsiaPacific reached $16.3 billion in 2020 and are expected to exceed $20 billion by 2025, according to data provided by Euromonitor to Tyson Foods. “The Asian market is a natural fit for this category with traditional plantbased products like tofu already entrenched in the culture," Tan Sun, president, Tyson Foods Asia-Pacific, said in a statement. Tyson Foods, the biggest US producer of animal meat by sales, said on Tuesday 1 June it would first roll out plant-based nuggets, strips, and bites in Malaysia under its First Pride brand, with a view to expand into other markets. The Jimmy Dean sausage maker launched its plant-based products late last year from its Raised & Rooted brand in Europe.

Tyson Foods to launch plant-based products in Asia-Paciﬁc market US meat processor Tyson Foods Inc will launch its plant-based food in select Asia-Paciﬁc markets starting this month, as it looks to cash in on the burgeoning demand for meat substitutes in the region its rivals have set out to capture. Reuters reports that Impossible Foods Inc, Nestle SA, Beyond Meat Inc have already entered Asia with their plantbased meat products, expecting rising www.pixie.co.in

Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

EGG Daily and Monthly Prices of May 2021

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021

Egg Prices

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USDA relaunches FlockDefender website for backyard poultry keepers and enthusiasts The USDA's #FlockDefender website will provide new biosecurity resources and connections for young poultry owners and students.

practice helps keep poultry healthy and prevent the spread of infectious poultry diseases. But it’s not just youth – anyone who works with or raises poultry should follow good biosecurity practices all the time. Some European and Asian countries are dealing with highly pathogenic avian inﬂuenza outbreaks right now. These practices will make a difference in protecting your ﬂock, should we face similar circumstances in the future. Here are some tips anyone can follow: Ÿ

The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is launching a new outreach effort speciﬁcally aimed at helping youth and student poultry owners learn about and practice good biosecurity. This new effort is called #FlockDefender. Youth are the future of our nation’s poultry farming and industry. The #FlockDefender outreach program shares the agency’s existing Defend the Flock message that encourages and prepares all poultry owners to implement diligent biosecurity practices with future and aspiring growers. APHIS provides youth, students and their leaders and te a c h e r s w i t h m a n y e l e c t ro n i c resources they can use during meetings, classes and when caring for their ﬂocks. APHIS is also encouraging these young poultry enthusiasts to share photos of their poultry or biosecurity practices.

Choose new birds from National Po u l t r y I m p ro ve m e n t P l a n participating flocks. Quarantine new birds for at least 30 days before introducing them to an existing flock. Designate a Line of Separation between your flock and the rest of the world, along with rules for crossing that line.

When launching #FlockDefender, APHIS updated and refreshed the whole Defend the Flock website. You can explore the site, the campaign resources and more detailed biosecurity information here.

He was diagnosed as having the H10N3 avian influenza virus on 28 May, it said, but did not give details on how the man had been infected with the virus. H10N3 is a low pathogenic, or relatively less severe, strain of the virus in poultry and the risk of it spreading on a large scale was very low, the NHC added. The man was stable and ready to be discharged from hospital. Medical observation of his close contacts had not found any other cases. Many different strains of avian influenza are present in China and some sporadically infect people, usually those working with poultry. There have been no significant numbers of human infections with bird flu since the H7N9 strain killed around 300 people during 2016-2017. No other cases of human infection with H10N3 have previously been reported globally, the NHC said.

China repor ts first Cyber attack hits JBS human case of H10N3 m e a t p l a n t s i n Australia and North bird flu A 41-year-old man in China's eastern America province of Jiangsu has been confirmed as the first human case of infection with the H10N3 strain of bird flu, China's National Health Commission (NHC) said on Tuesday 1 June. Reuters reports that the man, a

With a growing number of small poultry ﬂocks across the country, now is the time to spread the word to young enthusiasts. It’s always best for ﬂock health to have solid biosecurity in place from the very beginning. Making biosecurity an every day, every time 46

resident of the city of Zhenjiang, was hospitalized on 28 April after developing a fever and other symptoms, the NHC said in a statement.

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Australian and North American units of the world's largest meat works were hit over the weekend by an organized cyber attack on its information systems, Brazil's JBS SA said in a statement. " O n S u n d a y, 3 0 M a y, J B S U S A determined that it was the target of an organized cybersecurity attack , a f f e c t i n g s o m e of t h e s e r v e r s supporting its North American and Australian IT systems," it said in a statement released Monday afternoon, US time. Poultry Planner | Vol. 23 | No.06 | June - 2021